Datasets:

chujiezheng

/

wizard_of_wikipedia

like 2

[ "Morning sickness", "Is it? I had heard that but I've never experienced it myself.", "Damn that sounds pretty awful, good thing I'm a guy." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ Apostasy in Christianity is the rejection of Christianity by someone who formerly was a Christian.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ The term apostasy comes from the Greek word \"apostasia\" (\"\") meaning defection, departure, revolt or rebellion.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ It has been described as \"a willful falling away from, or rebellion against, Christianity.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ Apostasy is the rejection of Christ by one who has been a Christian...\" \"Apostasy is a theological category describing those who have voluntarily and consciously abandoned their faith in the God of the covenant, who manifests himself most completely in Jesus Christ.\"", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ \"Apostasy is the antonym of conversion; it is deconversion.\"", "Déjà vu __knowledge__ Déjà vu (; ) is the feeling that the situation currently being experienced has already been experienced in the past.", "Déjà vu __knowledge__ \"Déjà vu\" is a feeling of familiarity, and \"déjà vécu\" (the feeling of having \"already lived through\" something) is a feeling of recollection.", "Déjà vu __knowledge__ Scientific approaches reject the explanation of \"déjà vu\" as \"precognition\" or \"prophecy\", but rather explain it as an anomaly of memory, which creates a distinct impression that an experience is \"being recalled\".", "Déjà vu __knowledge__ This explanation is supported by the fact that the sense of \"recollection\" at the time is strong in most cases, but the circumstances of the \"previous\" experience (when, where, and how the earlier experience occurred) are uncertain or believed to be impossible.", "History of Cubana de Aviación __knowledge__ Cubana de Aviación S.A is Cuba's largest airline and flag carrier.", "History of Cubana de Aviación __knowledge__ Cubana was established on 8 October 1929 as \"Compañía Nacional Cubana de Aviación Curtiss\", indicating its association with the Curtiss aircraft manufacturing company.", "History of Cubana de Aviación __knowledge__ It was one of the earliest airlines to emerge in Latin America.", "History of Cubana de Aviación __knowledge__ Cubana's predecessors were the \"Compañía Aérea de Cuba\", founded in 1919, and the \"Compañía Aérea Cubana\", founded in 1920 (both airlines flew out of Havana's Columbia Airport, which started operations in 1919).", "History of Cubana de Aviación __knowledge__ Those companies were dissolved soon after they started, however, due to the difficult economic conditions affecting Cuba (and many other nations) in the aftermath of World War I.", "Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure __knowledge__ Spaceflight induced visual impairment is hypothesized to be a result of increased intracranial pressure.", "Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure __knowledge__ The study of visual changes and intracranial pressure (ICP) in astronauts on long-duration flights is a relatively recent topic of interest to Space Medicine professionals.", "Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure __knowledge__ Although reported signs and symptoms have not appeared to be severe enough to cause blindness in the near term, long term consequences of chronically elevated intracranial pressure is unknown.", "Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure __knowledge__ NASA has reported that fifteen long-duration male astronauts (45–55 years of age) have experienced confirmed visual and anatomical changes during or after long-duration flights.", "Misattribution of memory __knowledge__ Memory plays an important role in a number of aspects of our everyday lives and allows us to recall past experiences, navigate our environments, and learn new tasks.", "Misattribution of memory __knowledge__ Information about a source of memory contains certain characteristics that reflect the conditions under which the memory representations were attained.", "Misattribution of memory __knowledge__ The accuracy of their recall varies depending on the circumstances at which they are retrieved.", "Misattribution of memory __knowledge__ \"Misattribution of memory\" refers to the ability to remember information correctly, but being wrong about the source of that information.", "Misattribution of memory __knowledge__ Misattribution is likely to occur when individuals are unable to monitor and control the influence of their attitudes, toward their judgments, at the time of retrieval.", "Henstead __knowledge__ Henstead is a village near Kessingland and the A12 in the civil parish of Henstead with Hulver Street, in the county of Suffolk, England.", "Henstead __knowledge__ It has a church called Church of St Mary which is a Grade I listed building.", "Henstead __knowledge__ It has very few housing areas, and is a rural area.", "Henstead __knowledge__ It is situated near Rushmere and includes its population.", "Henstead __knowledge__ It has a very small population of just 408, and is in the district of Waveney, which contains many very similar sized civil parishes.", "Henstead __knowledge__ The Independent preparatory school The Old School Henstead is also located in the village.", "Henstead __knowledge__ The church has a Norman doorway, and an embattled tower.The village stands 3 miles from the coast, and 5 SE of Beccles r. station.", "The Female Man __knowledge__ The Female Man is a feminist science fiction novel written by Joanna Russ.", "The Female Man __knowledge__ It was originally written in 1970 and first published in 1975.", "The Female Man __knowledge__ Russ was an avid feminist and challenged sexist views during the 1970s with her novels, short stories, and nonfiction works.", "The Female Man __knowledge__ These works include \"We Who Are About To...\", \"When It Changed\", and \"What Are We Fighting For?", "The Female Man __knowledge__ : Sex, Race, Class, and the Future of Feminism\".", "The Female Man __knowledge__ The novel follows the lives of four women living in parallel worlds that differ in time and place.", "The Female Man __knowledge__ When they cross over to each other's worlds, their different views on gender roles startle each other's preexisting notions of womanhood.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP).", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ This is just over nine months, where each month averages 29½ days.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception, after which, the term \"fetus\" is used until birth.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy are those presentations and conditions that result from pregnancy but do not significantly interfere with activities of daily living or pose any significant threat to the health of the mother or baby, in contrast to pregnancy complications.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ Still, there is often no clear separation between symptoms versus discomforts versus complications, and in some cases the same basic feature can manifest as either a discomfort or a complication depending on the severity.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ For example, mild nausea may merely be a discomfort (morning sickness), but if severe and with vomiting causing water-electrolyte imbalance it can be classified as a pregnancy complication (hyperemesis gravidarum).", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Today, thalidomide is used mainly as a treatment of certain cancers (multiple myeloma) and of a complication of leprosy.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany under the trade-name Contergan.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ The German drug company Chemie Grünenthal developed and sold the drug.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, thalidomide also claimed to cure \"anxiety, insomnia, gastritis, and tension\".", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Afterwards, it was used against nausea and to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may also include vomiting several times a day and feeling faint.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered more severe than morning sickness.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Often symptoms get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ The exact causes of hyperemesis gravidarum are unknown.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Risk factors include the first pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, obesity, prior or family history of HG, trophoblastic disorder, and a history of eating disorders.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation, after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ The most common symptom of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding with or without pain.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Sadness, anxiety and guilt often occur afterwards.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Tissue and clot-like material may leave the uterus and pass through and out of the vagina.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ When a woman keeps having miscarriages, infertility is present.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Risk factors for miscarriage include an older parent, previous miscarriage, exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, diabetes, thyroid problems, and drug or alcohol use.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ In the immediate postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ Long term health problems (persisting after 6 months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ Severe complications of pregnancy are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ The relationship between age and complications of pregnancy are now being researched with greater impetus.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ In 2013, complications of pregnancy resulted globally in 293,000 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths in 1990.", "Complications of pregnancy __knowledge__ The most common causes of maternal mortality are maternal bleeding, maternal sepsis and other infections, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, obstructed labor, and , which includes miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and elective abortion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Extraordinary Merry Christmas __knowledge__ \"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\" is the ninth episode and mid-season finale of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the fifty-third overall.", "Extraordinary Merry Christmas __knowledge__ Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Matthew Morrison, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2011, and features the members of New Directions starring in a black-and-white Christmas television special that is presented within the episode itself.", "Extraordinary Merry Christmas __knowledge__ Nine songs are performed over the course of the episode, eight of which come from the second \"Glee\" Christmas soundtrack album, \"\".", "Extraordinary Merry Christmas __knowledge__ The episode has the same name as an original song on that album, \"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\", which was written for \"Glee\" by the show's executive music producer Adam Anders, song producer Peer Åström, and Shelly Peiken.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The Raw & the Cooked is the second and final studio album by British rock band Fine Young Cannibals, released in 1989.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The title of the album was lifted from the book of the same name (\"Le Cru et le Cuit\" in French) by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ Four songs from the album first appeared in film soundtracks in the mid-1980s, three of which were soul tracks from the \"Tin Men\" film.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The band had already recorded over half of the album by the time David Z came to produce the remainder.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ His work with the band, which resulted in dance-rock material, included studio experimentation.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The album is considered to be an eclectic, varied album, taking influences from numerous genres including Motown soul, rock, funk, British beat and pop.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ Quirk Out is the debut mini album by Anglo-Irish experimental rock band Stump.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ After building up a following with their unique sound and live performances, Stump recorded \"Quirk Out\" as their second release with producer Hugh Jones at Rockfield Studios in July 1986, following the release of the \"Mud on a Colon\" EP earlier in the year.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The band's aim for \"Quirk Out\" was to capture the band's energy as a live band on studio recordings.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The record blends genres such as avant-garde, funk rock with indie rock sensibilities.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The best known song from the album, \"Buffalo\", had already been released on the \"NME\" compilation \"C86\", an influential cassette compilation containing newly recorded music from different bands of the British independent music scene.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The Best Damn Thing is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ It was released on 17 April 2007 by RCA Records.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album represents a musical departure from her earlier studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004) which incorporates more elements of post-grunge music.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ \"The Best Damn Thing\" is seen by critics as Lavigne's most commercial effort.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album was noted as her first effort to feature a wide range of producers for the studio album, including Matt Beckley, Rob Cavallo, Dr. Luke and Lavigne herself who was referenced as the executive producer.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"The Best Damn Thing\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised her transition from grungey alternative rock music to more pop-punk music, with it being catchy and very radio-friendly.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ The Fox Network television series 24 has won numerous Emmy Awards for its technical and artistic merits, and become part of American popular culture.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ Jack Bauer and David Palmer are seen as iconic television characters.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ It has also been heavily criticized for justifying the misuse of government authority and the use of torture, and accused of being racially insensitive.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ \"24\"'s real time story-telling method and split-screen technique have also received widespread praise and critical acclaim.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ This aspect of the show also made it hard to produce from a creative point of view because there was no possibility for time cuts.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the FOX science fiction television series \"\", including supporting characters, and important villains.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ Auldridge, portrayed by Joshua Malina, is an FBI Agent who handles difficult unsolved cases involving unusual evidence or facts.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ Little is known about Agent Auldridge.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ He meets with captured Sarah Connor twice while in prison.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ On both occasions, he tries to get Sarah to tell him the whereabouts of her son, John Connor, but Sarah refuses to talk.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ He is visited by (and knows) former FBI Agent James Ellison to discuss Ellison's former case.", "List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles characters __knowledge__ Presidio Alto Military Academy Cadet Captain Martin Bedell, portrayed by Will Rothhaar, would play a role in forming the core of Tech-Com using his military training and experience.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "apparently morning sickness is really common in early stages of pregnancy", "apparently it's just a name, because it can happen any time of day", "I'm a girl, so there's 10% of women that get those symptoms and I hope I'm not one of them" ]

[ "Morning sickness", "Morning sickness", "Morning sickness" ]

[ "Alcoholism\nMy mom was an alcoholic", "Yes, she ended up with liver disease and died", "Yes, it was over 20 years ago, I was very young", "I do, but only in small amounts. I'm scared to end up like her" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ Mom & Me & Mom (2013) is the seventh and final book in author Maya Angelou's series of autobiographies.", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ The book was published shortly before Mother's Day and Angelou's 85th birthday.", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ It focuses, for the first time in her books, on Angelou's relationship with her mother, Vivian Baxter.", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ The book explains Baxter's behavior, especially Baxter's abandonment of Angelou and Angelou's older brother when they were young children, and fills in \"what are possibly the final blanks in Angelou's eventful life\".", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ The book also chronicles Angelou's reunion and reconciliation with Baxter.", "Mom & Me & Mom __knowledge__ \"Mom & Me & Mom\" is an overview of Angelou's life and revisits many of the same anecdotes she relates in her previous books.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ They provide for 29 distinct liquor licenses granted to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and for the public warehousing and transport of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ General authority for the statutory and regulatory control of alcoholic beverages rests with the state government, particularly the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control overseen by the state's Attorney General.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ Under home rule, New Jersey law grants individual municipalities substantial discretion in passing ordinances regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their limits.", "Alcoholic polyneuropathy __knowledge__ Alcoholic polyneuropathy (A.K.A alcohol leg) is a neurological disorder in which multiple peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously.", "Alcoholic polyneuropathy __knowledge__ It is defined by axonal degeneration in neurons of both the sensory and motor systems and initially occurs at the distal ends of the longest axons in the body.", "Alcoholic polyneuropathy __knowledge__ This nerve damage causes an individual to experience pain and motor weakness, first in the feet and hands and then progressing centrally.", "Alcoholic polyneuropathy __knowledge__ Alcoholic polyneuropathy is caused primarily by chronic alcoholism; however, vitamin deficiencies are also known to contribute to its development.", "Alcoholic polyneuropathy __knowledge__ This disease typically occurs in chronic alcoholics who have some sort of nutritional deficiency.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ Alcoholism in family systems refers to the conditions in families that enable alcoholism, and the effects of alcoholic behavior by one or more family members on the rest of the family.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ Mental health professionals are increasingly considering alcoholism and addiction as diseases that flourish in and are enabled by family systems.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ Family members react to the alcoholic with particular behavioral patterns.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ They may enable the addiction to continue by shielding the addict from the negative consequences of their actions.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ Such behaviors are referred to as codependence.", "Alcoholism in family systems __knowledge__ In this way, the alcoholic is said to suffer from the disease of addiction, whereas the family members suffer from the disease of codependence.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from George Lopez.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ George Edward Lopez (played by George Lopez) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ He is the son of Manny and Benny Lopez.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ George married Angie Palmero right out of high school and had two children, Carmen and Max.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ George is Mexican descent and proudly boasts about it several times throughout the series, though he occasionally makes jokes about it as well.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ In the pilot episode, \"Prototype,\" George gets promoted to manager of Powers & Sons Aviation (usually seen as Powers Bros.), an airplane parts factory.", "List of George Lopez characters __knowledge__ He is also dyslexic, which often comes into play on the show.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Soccer mom __knowledge__ The phrase soccer mom broadly refers to a North American middle-class suburban woman who spends a significant amount of her time transporting her school-age children to their youth sporting events or other activities, including – though not restricted to – soccer.", "Soccer mom __knowledge__ It came into widespread use during the 1996 United States presidential election.", "Soccer mom __knowledge__ A soccer mom typically carries a variety of soccer gear to and from, and in many cases handles certain aspects of the game.", "Soccer mom __knowledge__ For example, soccer moms may take turns bringing oranges to the game, drinks, etc.", "Soccer mom __knowledge__ The phrase \"soccer mom\" generally refers to a married middle-class woman who lives in the suburbs and has school age children." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the types of fatty liver which occurs when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most extreme form of NAFLD.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in developed countries.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may respond to treatments originally developed for other insulin-resistant states (e.g.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ diabetes mellitus type 2) such as weight loss, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Up to 80% of obese people have the disease.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Although steatosis (fatty liver) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Of all chronic heavy drinkers, only 15–20% develop hepatitis or cirrhosis, which can occur concomitantly or in succession.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ The mechanism behind this is not completely understood.", "The British Liver Trust __knowledge__ British Liver Trust is a charitable organisation in The United Kingdom which has a focus in the health of the liver.", "The British Liver Trust __knowledge__ Based in the town of Bournemouth, the Trust is made up of 14 employed members of staff who are supplemented by voluntary workers.", "The British Liver Trust __knowledge__ British Liver Trust has produced several campaigns on the liver, the most recent is Love Your Liver which is a national awareness campaign devoted to liver health awareness and giving people the key steps needed to keep their liver healthy.", "The British Liver Trust __knowledge__ In addition to this, the British Liver Trust also has links to support groups for people affected by Liver conditions, health professionals and research and publications.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ There are more than a hundred different kinds of liver disease.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ Symptoms may include jaundice and weight loss.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ These are some of the most common: Liver disease can occur through several mechanisms.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ One general mechanism, increased DNA damage, is shared by some of the major causes of liver disease.", "Liver disease __knowledge__ These major causes include infection by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, alcohol abuse, and obesity. Viral infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS).", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.", "Forgiveness __knowledge__ Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offense, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, with an increased ability to wish the offender well.", "Forgiveness __knowledge__ Forgiveness is different from condoning (failing to see the action as wrong and in need of forgiveness), excusing (not holding the offender as responsible for the action), forgetting (removing awareness of the offense from consciousness), pardoning (granted for an acknowledged offense by a representative of society, such as a judge), and reconciliation (restoration of a relationship).", "Physical health in schizophrenia __knowledge__ A recent phenomenon is that people with schizophrenia are at higher than average risk of physical ill health, and die earlier than the general population from natural causes.", "Physical health in schizophrenia __knowledge__ The fatal conditions include cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic disorders.", "Physical health in schizophrenia __knowledge__ Although death by suicide in schizophrenia has received much needed attention, death from cardiovascular disease is far more common, accounting for up to 75 percent of deaths.", "Physical health in schizophrenia __knowledge__ The causes of physical health problems include factors associated with mental illness and its treatment, poverty, poor housing, higher rates of smoking, poor diet and lack of exercise.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Homelessness is the condition of person or persons lacking \"A fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence\" as defined by The McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Homelessness emerged as a national issue in the 1870s.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Many homeless people lived in emerging urban cities, such as New York City.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Into the 20th century, the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a devastating epidemic of poverty, hunger, and homelessness.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ There were two million homeless people migrating across the United States.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1960s, the deinstitutionalization of patients from state psychiatric hospitals, according to the physician's medical libraries on use of pharmaceuticals, was a precipitating factor which seeded the population of people that are homeless.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Health __knowledge__ Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism.", "Health __knowledge__ The World Health Organization (WHO) defined human health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as \"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\"", "Health __knowledge__ This definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value, the ambiguity in developing cohesive health strategies, and because of the problem created by use of the word \"complete\", which makes it practically impossible to achieve.", "Health __knowledge__ Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Mental health in the United Kingdom is the subject of state and community sector intervention.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Most mental health problems are not easily defined.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems are most generally used.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ According to Mind about 25% of the adult population will experience a mental health problem each year.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 2014 the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey reported that 17% of those surveyed in England met the criteria for a common mental disorder and about 37% of those were accessing mental health treatment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex record of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ It is located in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The term craton designates this as a piece of continent that is stable, buoyant and rigid.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ Basic properties of the cratonic crust include being thick (around 200 km), relatively cold when compared to other regions, and low density.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The North China Craton is an ancient craton, which experienced a long period of stability and fitted the definition of a craton well.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ The Canadian Cascade Arc, also called the Canadian Cascades, is the Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ Located entirely within the Canadian province of British Columbia, it extends from the Cascade Mountains in the south to the Coast Mountains in the north.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ Specifically, the southern end of the Canadian Cascades begin at the Canada–United States border.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ However, the specific boundaries of the northern end are not precisely known and the geology in this part of the volcanic arc is poorly understood.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ It is widely accepted by geologists that the Canadian Cascade Arc extends through the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Umauma Falls __knowledge__ The Umauma Falls are located on the Umauma River on the Big Island of Hawaii, approximately 16 miles north of Hilo.", "Umauma Falls __knowledge__ They are unique in Hawaii as being a series of three waterfalls in close proximity.", "Umauma Falls __knowledge__ They are easily viewed from an overlook located on private botanical garden property accessible for a fee.", "Umauma Falls __knowledge__ The overlook was constructed in 1996 by Walter L. Wagner who was developing the \"World Botanical Gardens\" with the waterfalls overlook as part of the tourist attraction.", "Umauma Falls __knowledge__ Subsequently, the waterfall overlook ownership was transferred circa 2008, and access to the overlook is now through \"Umauma Experience\" (also a botanical garden), and not through \"World Botanical Gardens\".", "Human brain __knowledge__ The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.", "Human brain __knowledge__ It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.", "Human brain __knowledge__ It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug which is present as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication or \"drunkenness\".", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Among other effects, alcohol produces mood lift and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function.", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Ethanol is a type of chemical compound known as an alcohol, and is the only type of alcohol that is found in alcoholic beverages or is commonly used for recreational purposes; other alcohols such as methanol and isopropyl alcohol are toxic." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Iron __knowledge__ Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ) and atomic number 26.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is a metal in the first transition series.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.", "Iron __knowledge__ Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars, where it is the last element to be produced with release of energy before the violent collapse of a supernova, which scatters the iron into space.", "Iron __knowledge__ Like the other group 8 elements, ruthenium and osmium, iron exists in a wide range of oxidation states, −2 to +7, although +2 and +3 are the most common.", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines.", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ Correct and balanced nutrition is a critical component of proper horse care.", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ Horses are non-ruminant herbivores of a type known as a \"hindgut fermenter.\"", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ Horses have only one stomach, as do humans.", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ However, unlike humans, they also have to utilize plant fiber (largely cellulose) that comes from grass and hay.", "Equine nutrition __knowledge__ Ruminants like cattle are foregut fermenters, and digest fiber in plant matter by use of a multi-chambered stomach, whereas horses use microbial fermentation in a part of the digestive system known as the \"cecum\" (or \"caecum\") to break down the cellulose.", "Mount Cayley volcanic field __knowledge__ The Mount Cayley volcanic field is a remote volcanic zone on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, stretching from the Pemberton Icefield to the Squamish River.", "Mount Cayley volcanic field __knowledge__ It forms a segment of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, the Canadian portion of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which extends from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia.", "Mount Cayley volcanic field __knowledge__ Most of the Cayley volcanoes were formed during periods of volcanism under sheets of glacial ice throughout the last glacial period.", "Mount Cayley volcanic field __knowledge__ These subglacial eruptions formed steep, flat-topped volcanoes and subglacial lava domes, most of which have been entirely exposed by deglaciation.", "Drug liberalization __knowledge__ Drug liberalisation is the process of eliminating or reducing drug prohibition laws.", "Drug liberalization __knowledge__ Variations of drug liberalization include: drug legalization, drug relegalization and drug decriminalization.", "Drug liberalization __knowledge__ Whilst many people would argue that decriminalistion will only cause an increase in usage, studies from California and Colorado, two states who implemented the policy, found that '\"decriminalization\" of marijuana possession had little or no impact on rates of use.'", "Drug liberalization __knowledge__ (Winter, 1989).", "Drug liberalization __knowledge__ Drug liberalization may go hand in hand with or include measures to ensure responsible drug use and some state that its challenge is not in criticizing prohibition, but in designing something better.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Garibaldi Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt is a northwest-southeast trending volcanic chain in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains that extends from Watts Point in the south to the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield in the north.", "Garibaldi Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ This chain of volcanoes is located in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.", "Garibaldi Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ It forms the northernmost segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which includes Mount St. Helens and Mount Baker.", "Garibaldi Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ Most volcanoes of the Garibaldi chain are dormant stratovolcanoes and subglacial volcanoes that have been eroded by glacial ice.", "Garibaldi Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ Less common volcanic landforms include cinder cones, volcanic plugs, lava domes and calderas.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Alcohol intoxication __knowledge__ Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness among other names, is a physiological condition that may result in psychological alterations of consciousness.", "Alcohol intoxication __knowledge__ Symptoms of alcohol intoxication include euphoria, flushed skin, and decreased social inhibition at lower doses, with larger doses producing progressively severe impairments of balance, and decision-making ability as well as nausea or vomiting from alcohol's disruptive effect on the semicircular canals of the inner ear and chemical irritation of the gastric mucosa.", "Alcohol intoxication __knowledge__ Extreme levels of blood-borne alcohol may result in coma or death.", "Alcohol intoxication __knowledge__ Alcohol intoxication is the result of drinking alcohol such that it enters the bloodstream faster than it can be metabolized by the body.", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid that acts as a central nervous system depressant.", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ Ethanol can impair different types of memory.", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ Alcohol acts as a general central nervous system depressant, but it also affects specific areas of the brain to a greater extent than others.", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ Memory impairment due to alcohol has been linked to disruption of hippocampal function—in particular affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation (LTP).", "Effects of alcohol on memory __knowledge__ The molecular basis of LTP is associated with learning and memory.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol (also known as ethanol) has a number of effects on health.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Short-term effects of alcohol consumption include intoxication and dehydration.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Long-term effects of alcohol consumption include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain and alcoholism.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol intoxication affects the brain, causing slurred speech, clumsiness, and delayed reflexes.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol stimulates insulin production, which speeds up glucose metabolism and can result in low blood sugar, causing irritability and possibly death for diabetics.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ A 2014 World Health Organization report found that harmful alcohol consumption caused about 3.3 million deaths annually worldwide.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ An energy drink is a type of beverage containing stimulant drugs, usually including caffeine, which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation (marketed as \"energy\", but distinct from food energy).", "Energy drink __knowledge__ They may or may not be carbonated and many also contain sugar or other sweeteners, herbal extracts, taurine, and amino acids.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and gels, and distinct from sports drinks, which are advertised to enhance sports performance.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ There are many brands and varieties of energy drinks.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ Coffee, tea and other naturally caffeinated beverages are usually not considered energy drinks.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented beverages existed at least as early as the Neolithic period (c. 10000 BC).", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Chemical analysis of jars from the neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of alcohol that were absorbed and preserved.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ According to a study published in the \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\", chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Blood alcohol content __knowledge__ Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration, blood ethanol concentration, or blood alcohol level, is most commonly used as a metric of alcohol intoxication for legal or medical purposes.", "Blood alcohol content __knowledge__ Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country.", "Blood alcohol content __knowledge__ For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every dL of blood.", "Blood alcohol content __knowledge__ To calculate estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (EBAC), a variation, including drinking period in hours, of the Widmark formula was used." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 63, 54 ]

[ "Oh no! Did she have mental or physical health problems from it?", "I am lost for words on this, I am sorry. I know alcohol does affect the body. For sure the brain, heart liver and more. Are you ok? ", "I'm sorry for your mom that was stuck with alcohol intoxication and for you having to go through that. Do you drink? Just curious", "My mother did too and I am the same, it does play a number of effects of health. I guess I drink twice a year but when I do... I drink until morning hits. I know it's not good, I go all out though" ]

[ "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism" ]

[ "Sushi\nHi, I always thought of Sushi as \"bait\", but now it is one of my favorite foods!", "I think the meat and veggies is what does it for me actually. ", "Hmmm? Tough choice. I've always really like salmon before I ever tried Sushi. I guess I'd say salmon.", "I did not know about the name! Interesting. Thanks for that tid-bit.", "It does sound kinda weird. Good to know though. Bought some smoked Salmon for a cousin years ago. He shared it with me and it was Great." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Casey Jones (born July 18, 1993), better known by his stage name Casey Veggies, is an American rapper and songwriter from Los Angeles, California.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Since 2007, he has released five independent mixtapes under LA clothing and management company Peas & Carats Intl.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Live & Grow\", was released on September 25, 2015.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Aside from his solo career, Casey was a founding member of the Los Angeles hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ At the age of 14, Casey released his first mixtape, titled \"Customized Greatly Vol.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ 1\"; while he was going through by his stage name at the time, as Custom.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Casey was one of the founding members of the hip hop collective Odd Future, appearing on the collective's first effort The Odd Future Tape, before he decided to branch out on his own, after his first mixtape release.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ Veggies of Nottingham, also known as Veggies Catering Campaign, is a company and a campaigning group based in Nottingham, England, promoting ethical alternatives to mainstream fast food.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ It does this by hosting events such as the annual East Midlands Vegan Festival, publishing books and leaflets, and maintaining an extensive website, including a Contacts Directory of groups with similar aims.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ As a non-profit worker co-operative it also provides affordable, wholesome, minimally-packaged vegan catering at a wide range of events and protests using fair trade, organic and/or locally sourced ingredients.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ Fruits & Veggies – More Matters is a national public health initiative from Produce for Better Health Foundation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ This campaign, begun in 2007, took the place of the 5 A Day program.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ The shift was implemented in order to better communicate updated dietary guidelines, which recommended more than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables for some Americans.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ The United States Department of Agriculture’s \"2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans\", released in January 2005, recommends various numbers of servings of fruits and vegetables depending on an individual’s calorie needs – ranging from 4 to 13 servings, or 2 to 6.5 cups, per day, yet research indicates that over 90 percent of Americans do not meet their recommended amount.", "Bollywood Veggies __knowledge__ Bollywood Veggies Organic Farm (also known as \"Bollywood Veggies\") is a farming collective and organic growing education center located in the Kranji district of North West Singapore.", "Bollywood Veggies __knowledge__ The center was launched in 2000 by Ivy Singh-Lim and her husband, former NTUC FairPrice chief executive, Lim Ho Seng, as a project to run after they had both retired from their previous careers.", "Bollywood Veggies __knowledge__ Neil Humphreys covered the center in his 2006 book \"Final Notes From a Great Island\".", "Bollywood Veggies __knowledge__ In 2010 \"Bollywood Veggies\" was charged with failing to have its buildings inspected by a structural engineer or hold the inspections after several requests that they do so.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ The Sumac Centre is an independent community and social centre in Nottingham, UK.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ It is a secondary co-operative and a member of Radical Routes.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ It provides resources, meeting spaces and workshops for groups and individuals.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ It supports campaigning for human rights, animal rights, the environment, peace and co-operation world-wide.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ It is part of the UK Social Centre Network.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ Veggies is based at the centre.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ The centre is being bought via a mortgage.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ It receives no regular funding, the core groups each pay rent that goes toward the mortgage and running costs.", "Sumac Centre __knowledge__ Some of the groups are run by volunteers.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ Doris is the debut studio album by American rapper Earl Sweatshirt.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ It was released on August 20, 2013, by Tan Cressida and Columbia Records.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ \"Doris\" follows his first mixtape \"Earl\", which was released in 2010 when he was sixteen.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ After returning from a forced stay in a Samoan boarding school, he began working on his debut album and signed a deal with Columbia, rather than Odd Future's Odd Future Records.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ \"Doris\" features guest appearances from Vince Staples, Tyler, the Creator, Domo Genesis, Frank Ocean, SK La' Flare, Casey Veggies, Mac Miller and RZA.", "Doris (album) __knowledge__ Production was primarily handled by Sweatshirt under the pseudonym randomblackdude, alongside Christian Rich, Tyler, the Creator, The Neptunes, BadBadNotGood, The Alchemist, Matt Martians, Samiyam, Frank Ocean and RZA.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Other fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling and whitefish.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (genus \"Salmo\") and Pacific Ocean (genus \"Oncorhynchus\").", "Salmon __knowledge__ Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ It is less commonly spelled aquiculture), and is also known as aquafarming.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture \"is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ The aquaculture of salmonids is the farming and harvesting of salmonids under controlled conditions for both commercial and recreational purposes.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ Salmonids (particularly salmon and rainbow trout), along with carp, are the two most important fish groups in aquaculture.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ The most commonly commercially farmed salmonid is the Atlantic salmon.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ In the U.S. Chinook salmon and rainbow trout are the most commonly farmed salmonids for recreational and subsistence fishing through the National Fish Hatchery System.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ In Europe, brown trout are the most commonly reared fish for recreational restocking.", "Aquaculture of salmonids __knowledge__ Commonly farmed non-salmonid fish groups include tilapia, catfish, sea bass and bream.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.", "Fish disease and parasites __knowledge__ Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Although the term lox is sometimes applied to smoked salmon, they are different products.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a popular ingredient in canapés, often combined with cream cheese and lemon juice.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In North America, smoked salmon is likely to be sliced very thinly and served on bread with cream cheese or with sliced red onion, lemon and capers.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In Pacific Northwest cuisine of the United States and Canada, smoked salmon may also be fillets or nuggets, including hickory or alder-smoked varieties and candied salmon (smoked and honey, or sugar-glazed, also known as \"Indian candy\").", "William Salmon __knowledge__ William Salmon (1644–1713) was an English empiric doctor and a writer of medical texts.", "William Salmon __knowledge__ He advertised himself as a \"Professor of Physick\".", "William Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon held an equivocal place in the medical community.", "William Salmon __knowledge__ He led apothecaries in opposing attempts by physicians to control the dispensing of medicines, and was derided by physicians as \"the King of the Quacks\".", "William Salmon __knowledge__ He has been described as \"a brilliant publicist, but not much of a philosopher\".", "William Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon \"copied, translated, abridged, enlarged and compiled from the texts of others\" to create popular books emphasizing practice over theory, and often marketing his own medications.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Travel Insurance Direct __knowledge__ Travel Insurance Direct (TID) is an Australian travel insurance company headquartered in Sydney, Australia for Australian and New Zealand residents travelling domestically or internationally.", "Travel Insurance Direct __knowledge__ Its policies are arranged and managed by Cerberus and underwritten by certain underwriters at Lloyd's of London.", "Travel Insurance Direct __knowledge__ TID was established in 2005 and is a part of the World Nomads Group, a network of companies including World Nomads that supply and service customers with travel services.", "Travel Insurance Direct __knowledge__ TID runs all its operations from the World Nomads Group office, located in Sydney.", "Travel Insurance Direct __knowledge__ In 2015, World Nomads Group was acquired by private health insurer nib for $95 million.", "Rahim Rostami __knowledge__ Rahim Rostami (born 16 June 1991 in Narest) is an Iran-born asylum seeker who became known to the public in Norway via national TV station NRK in the investigative journalism \"NRK Brennpunkt\" programs where he in twice appeared in programs focusing on Senjehesten Asylum Seeker Reception Center where he came forward as spokesperson for criticism from the residents.", "Rahim Rostami __knowledge__ The Brennpunkt programs pointed out unacceptable conditions at this reception center, which was later closed-down.", "Rahim Rostami __knowledge__ Following the Brennpunkt programs, Rostami and three other residents were moved to another reception center, allegedly to regain calm at the center.", "Ny Tid __knowledge__ Ny Tid (English: \"Modern Times Review\") is Norway's largest monthly international oriented newspaper (Oslo Review of Docs and Books), published every mid-month.", "Ny Tid __knowledge__ It is currently owned by Ny Tid & Orientering AS.", "Ny Tid __knowledge__ \"Ny Tid\" is headed by the newspaper founder Truls Lie who was formerly the editor-in-chief of Morgenbladet and editor-in-chief/publisher of Le Monde diplomatique in Norway \"Ny Tid\"'s predecessor was the weekly \"Orientering\", which was founded as an independent weekly in January 1953.", "Ny Tid __knowledge__ The magazine gained notability thanks to the quality, reputation, and success of its writers including Sigurd Evensmo (the first editor-in-chief), Jens Bjørneboe, and Johan Borgen.", "Ny Tid (Trondheim) __knowledge__ Ny Tid was a Norwegian newspaper established in 1899 by the typographers Joh.", "Ny Tid (Trondheim) __knowledge__ Halseth and Alf Scheflo at the same time as they established their own printing office in Trondheim.", "Ny Tid (Trondheim) __knowledge__ The publishers meant to create a worker's newspaper, not a socialist paper.", "Ny Tid (Trondheim) __knowledge__ When the first issue came out on 20 September, the newspaper was an organ of the Liberal Party of Norway, but the paper quickly became socialist and thus an organ of the labour movement and later the Norwegian Labour Party in Trondheim when the labour movement took over the paper in July 1900.", "Ny Tid (Trondheim) __knowledge__ The paper was first released weekly, but from 1902 on it was released daily.", "TID-class tug __knowledge__ TID was a standardized British design for a tugboat drawn up and built during the Second World War.", "TID-class tug __knowledge__ One hundred and eighty two (TID-1 to TID-12 and TID-14 to TID-183) were built for the Ministry of War Transport.", "TID-class tug __knowledge__ Richard Dunston Ltd., a shipbuilding company with yards at Thorne on the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and at Hessle on the Humber, had pioneered the use of welded construction, rather than the more conventional rivetting, since 1933, although they had never built an all-welded vessel.", "TID-class tug __knowledge__ An order for 12 tugs in 1942 was the opportunity to try such a design.", "TID-class tug __knowledge__ They designed the hulls so that they could be made up from eight separate sections, which were fabricated by manufacturers with spare welding capacity.", "Arbeider-Avisa __knowledge__ Arbeider-Avisa (founded as Arbeider-Avisen, from 1946 \"Arbeider-Avisa\", from 1993 Avisa Trondheim) was a daily newspaper published in Trondheim, Norway, started in 1924 and defunct in 1996.", "Arbeider-Avisa __knowledge__ Until 1989 it was officially the newspaper for the Norwegian Labour Party.", "Arbeider-Avisa __knowledge__ The newspaper was born as a consequence of the split of the Labour Party in the fall of 1923.", "Arbeider-Avisa __knowledge__ Unlike in most of the country, there was a Communist majority in the local party organisation in Trondheim, and the newly formed Norwegian Communist Party, secured the party's assets, including the party newspaper \"Ny Tid\", established in 1899.", "New Don Pedro Dam __knowledge__ New Don Pedro Dam, often known simply as Don Pedro Dam, is an earthen embankment dam across the Tuolumne River, about northeast of La Grange, in Tuolumne County, California.", "New Don Pedro Dam __knowledge__ The dam was completed in 1971, after four years of construction, to replace the 1924 concrete-arch Don Pedro Dam.", "New Don Pedro Dam __knowledge__ The dam serves mainly for irrigation water storage, flood control and hydroelectricity production, and impounds Don Pedro Reservoir in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.", "New Don Pedro Dam __knowledge__ The New Don Pedro Dam is owned and operated by the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) and Turlock Irrigation District (TID).", "New Don Pedro Dam __knowledge__ At tall, the dam is the tenth highest in the U.S. and its reservoir is the sixth largest artificial lake in California.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Fins are usually the most distinctive anatomical features of a fish.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ They are composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body with skin covering them and joining them together, either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Their principal function is to help the fish swim.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ Fish are very diverse animals and can be categorised in many ways.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ This article is an overview of some of ways in which fish are categorised.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ Although most fish species have probably been discovered and described, about 250 new ones are still discovered every year.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ According to FishBase, 33,100 species of fish had been described by April 2015.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ That is more than the combined total of all other vertebrate species: mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ Fish species diversity is roughly divided equally between marine (oceanic) and freshwater ecosystems.", "Diversity of fish __knowledge__ Coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific constitute the centre of diversity for marine fishes, whereas continental freshwater fishes are most diverse in large river basins of tropical rainforests, especially the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong basins.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Early examples include \"Haikouichthys\".", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish.", "Evolution of fish __knowledge__ Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ Fish reproductive organs include testes and ovaries.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ In most species, gonads are paired organs of similar size, which can be partially or totally fused.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ There may also be a range of secondary organs that increase reproductive fitness.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ The genital papilla is a small, fleshy tube behind the anus in some fishes, from which the sperm or eggs are released; the sex of a fish often can be determined by the shape of its papilla.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ Most male fish have two testes of similar size.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ In the case of sharks, the testes on the right side is usually larger.", "Fish reproduction __knowledge__ The primitive jawless fish have only a single testis, located in the midline of the body, although even this forms from the fusion of paired structures in the embryo.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin.", "List of fish in Sweden __knowledge__ List of fish encountered in Swedish waters; both fresh water (lakes and streams) and in the marine salt water.", "List of fish in Sweden __knowledge__ The table denotes species native to Sweden, as well as those introduced from a neighbouring country and those that have only occurred occasionally.", "List of fish in Sweden __knowledge__ There are approximately 140 species which are native and common in Sweden, plus another 90 which are sporadic, not established or extinct.", "List of fish in Sweden __knowledge__ The IUCN Red List is a set of certain criteria of the fish population status in Sweden.", "List of fish in Sweden __knowledge__ The following terminology is used: Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Least Concern, Disappeared, Data Deficient and Not Evaluated.", "Evolution of tetrapods __knowledge__ The evolution of tetrapods began about 400 million years ago in the Devonian Period with the earliest tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes.", "Evolution of tetrapods __knowledge__ Tetrapods are categorized as a biological superclass, Tetrapoda, which includes all living and extinct amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Evolution of tetrapods __knowledge__ While most species today are terrestrial, little evidence supports the idea that any of the earliest tetrapods could move about on land, as their limbs could not have held their midsections off the ground and the known trackways do not indicate they dragged their bellies around.", "Evolution of tetrapods __knowledge__ Presumably, the tracks were made by animals walking along the bottoms of shallow bodies of water." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Although the term lox is sometimes applied to smoked salmon, they are different products.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a popular ingredient in canapés, often combined with cream cheese and lemon juice.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In North America, smoked salmon is likely to be sliced very thinly and served on bread with cream cheese or with sliced red onion, lemon and capers.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In Pacific Northwest cuisine of the United States and Canada, smoked salmon may also be fillets or nuggets, including hickory or alder-smoked varieties and candied salmon (smoked and honey, or sugar-glazed, also known as \"Indian candy\").", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Other fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling and whitefish.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (genus \"Salmo\") and Pacific Ocean (genus \"Oncorhynchus\").", "Salmon __knowledge__ Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.", "Salmon __knowledge__ Typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Yup'ik cuisine (\"Yupiit neqait\" in Yup'ik language, literally \"Yup'iks' foods\" or \"Yup'iks' fishes\") refers to the Eskimo style traditional subsistence food and cuisine of the Yup'ik people from the western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik cuisine for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig cuisine for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ This cuisine is traditionally based on meat from fish, birds, sea and land mammals, and normally contains high levels of protein.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior superfoods.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Smoked fish is fish that has been cured by smoking.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Foods have been smoked by humans throughout history.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Originally this was done as a preservative.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ In more recent times fish is readily preserved by refrigeration and freezing and the smoking of fish is generally done for the unique taste and flavour imparted by the smoking process.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ According to Jeffrey J. Rozum \"The process of smoking fish occurs through the use of fire.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Wood contains three major components that are broken down in the burning process to form smoke.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ The burning process is called pyrolysis, which is simply defined as the chemical decomposition by heat.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "Norwegian cuisine __knowledge__ Norwegian cuisine in its traditional form is based largely on the raw materials readily available in Norway and its mountains, wilderness, and coast.", "Norwegian cuisine __knowledge__ It differs in many respects from its continental counterparts with a stronger focus on game and fish.", "Norwegian cuisine __knowledge__ Many of the traditional dishes are results of using conserved materials, with respect to the long winters.", "Norwegian cuisine __knowledge__ Modern Norwegian cuisine, although still strongly influenced by its traditional background, now bears some Globalization: pastas, pizzas, tacos, and the like are as common as meatballs and cod as staple foods, and urban restaurants sport the same selection one would expect to find in any western European city.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Salmon is a popular food.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Classified as an oily fish, salmon is high in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, and is therefore considered to be healthy.. Salmon is also a source of cholesterol, with a range of 23–214 mg/100 g depending on the species.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ According to reports in the journal \"Science\", however, farmed salmon may contain high levels of dioxins.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ PCB levels may be up to eight times higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon, but still far below levels considered dangerous.", "Salmon as food __knowledge__ Nonetheless, according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the benefits of eating even farmed salmon far outweigh any risks imposed by contaminants.", "Swimfin __knowledge__ Swimfins, swim fins, fins or flippers are finlike accessories worn on the foot or leg and made from rubber, plastic or combinations of these materials, to aid movement through the water in water sports activities such as swimming, bodyboarding, bodysurfing, kneeboarding, riverboarding, underwater hockey, underwater rugby and various other types of underwater diving.", "Swimfin __knowledge__ Swimfins help the wearer to move through water more efficiently, as human feet are too small and inappropriately shaped to provide much thrust, especially when the wearer is carrying equipment that increases hydrodynamic drag.", "Swimfin __knowledge__ Very long fins and monofins used by freedivers as a means of underwater propulsion do not require high-frequency leg movement.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ A surfboard fin or skeg is a hydrofoil mounted at the tail of a surfboard or similar board to improve directional stability and control through foot-steering.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Fins can provide lateral lift opposed to the water and stabilize the board's trajectory, allowing the surfer to control direction by varying their side-to-side weight distribution.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ The introduction of fins in the 1930s revolutionized surfing and board design.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Surfboard fins may be arrayed in different numbers and configurations, and many different shapes, sizes, and materials are and have been made and used.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Historically, surfboards had no fins; some amount of control was achieved through convex hulls and the surfer dragging a foot in the water.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Fins are usually the most distinctive anatomical features of a fish.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ They are composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body with skin covering them and joining them together, either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Their principal function is to help the fish swim.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping.", "Fish fin __knowledge__ Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "Distinctive feature __knowledge__ In linguistics, a distinctive feature is the most basic unit of phonological structure that may be analyzed in phonological theory.", "Distinctive feature __knowledge__ Distinctive features are grouped into categories according to the natural classes of segments they describe: major class features, laryngeal features, manner features, and place features.", "Distinctive feature __knowledge__ These feature categories in turn are further specified on the basis of the phonetic properties of the segments in question.", "Distinctive feature __knowledge__ Since the inception of the phonological analysis of distinctive features in the 1950s, features traditionally have been specified by binary values to signify whether a segment is described by the feature; a positive value, [+], denotes the presence of a feature, while a negative value, [−], indicates its absence.", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ The beluga whale or white whale (\"Delphinapterus leucas\") is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus \"Delphinapterus\".", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ This marine mammal is commonly referred to as the beluga, melonhead, or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter.", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ It is adapted to life in the Arctic, so has anatomical and physiological characteristics that differentiate it from other cetaceans.", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ Amongst these are its all-white colour and the absence of a dorsal fin.", "Beluga whale __knowledge__ It possesses a distinctive protuberance at the front of its head which houses an echolocation organ called the melon, which in this species is large and deformable." ] ]

[ 1, 75, 12, 43, 12 ]

[ "Mine too. It is made with either brow or white rice and usually rolled with meat and vegetables.", "Yes me too. Rice is actually the most widely consumed staple in the world. Sushi usually has rice. Do you like tuna or salmon more?", "That's a good pick. It is a common name for ray finned fish. It is very tasty and oily.", "Of course. It sounds weird but fins are usually the most distinctive feature.", "That sounds amazing. Smoked salmon is usually prepared and smoked from a cold salmon." ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Running\nRunning is good because it helps me to lose some calories. Do you like to run?", "I like prefer running to playing football because I don't get injured after running", "I was the type you consider as the \"fat\" kid of the class. So I didn't I just focused on my book work and I excelled :) but I started running right from High school and even when I got to college", "Oh well, I didn't get a sports scholarship for sure. But I got in without much hassle my BSc was in Australia, it's not competitive so long as you pass you will get in", "i am an American, my dad worked with an International company in Australia so we all went with him. Running in Australia is much more fun, good memories" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 2 is the seventh season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The season premiered on January 6, 2009, with eleven overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Alison Sweeney is featured as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Helen Phillips won the competition with a total weight loss percentage of 54.47%.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Total Votes counts only votes that are revealed at elimination.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The total doesn't count unrevealed votes (if the contestant has already received the require number of votes needed to be eliminated).", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Contestants are listed in chronological order of elimination.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ Although the contestants came in as teams of two (couples), the grand prize was eventually awarded to an individual.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ In the end Ali Vincent won, making her the first female winner in the history of the United States \"Biggest Loser\" series.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ Total Votes counts only votes that are revealed at elimination.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Second Chances is the eighth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Danny Cahill, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight lost.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ This season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, September 15, 2009.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The season's theme meant that each of the candidates had met with heartbreak and tragedy during their lifetime.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ Among notable stories, Shay Sorrells grew up in foster care while her mother unsuccessfully struggled with heroin addiction, while Abby Rike lost her husband and children in a head-on collision caused by a speeding driver.", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: No Excuses is the thirteenth season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Jeremy Britt, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight lost.", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ It premiered on January 3, 2012.", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ Alongside veteran trainer Bob Harper, Dolvett Quince returned for his second season.", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ The contestants come to the ranch in pairs, but are split up with one person training with Bob and one with Dolvett and the teams competing against each other and their loved ones in challenges.", "The Biggest Loser (season 13) __knowledge__ The \"Total Votes\" column indicates the number of votes cast against the contestant when he/she was eliminated.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ Diet plays an important role in the genesis of obesity.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ Personal choices, advertising, social customs and cultural influences, as well as food availability and pricing all play a role in determining what and how much an individual eats.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ The dietary energy supply is the food available for human consumption, usually expressed in kilocalories per person per day.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ It gives an overestimate of the total amount of food consumed as it reflects both food consumed and food wasted.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ The per capita dietary energy supply varies markedly between different regions and countries.", "Diet and obesity __knowledge__ It has also changed significantly over time.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) is a very low calorie diet with some protein, fluids, and vitamin and mineral supplementation.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ The diet is to last about eight months.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ While people often lose weight they frequently regain it afterwards.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ PSMFs were first designed in the 1970s.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ Health concerns include dehydration being a health concern, hence fluids, vitamin and mineral (potassium, magnesium, sodium, and calcium) supplementation is mandatory and doctor's supervision is recommended.", "Protein-sparing modified fast __knowledge__ Since PSMF is minimal to no fat, gallbladder stones may be exacerbated from rapid weight loss, and it is recommended to at least obtain a minimum amount of fat daily for this reason." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Venkat Shyam __knowledge__ Venkat Raman Singh Shyam (born 28 October 1970) is a contemporary Indian artist who works with murals, etchings, mixed media and animation.", "Venkat Shyam __knowledge__ Venkat has travelled extensively and exhibited his work in India and the world over.", "Venkat Shyam __knowledge__ He was awarded the Rajya Hasta Shilpa Puraskar by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in 2002.", "Venkat Shyam __knowledge__ He was also the coordinator for an animated film on a Gond folktale made by Tara Douglas which won the Tallest Story Competition Trophy at the Inverness Film Festival, Scotland, in 2007.", "Venkat Shyam __knowledge__ Venkat Raman Singh Shyam was born into a Pardhan Gond family in the village of Sijhora, situated 80 km from Patangarh in eastern Madhya Pradesh.", "Jack Tatum __knowledge__ John David \"Jack\" Tatum (November 18, 1948 – July 27, 2010) was an American football safety who played ten seasons from 1971 through 1980 for the Oakland Raiders and Houston Oilers in the National Football League (NFL).", "Jack Tatum __knowledge__ He was popularly known as \"The Assassin\" because of his playing style.", "Jack Tatum __knowledge__ He was voted to three consecutive Pro Bowls (1973–1975) and was a member of one Super Bowl-winning team in his nine seasons with the Raiders.", "Jack Tatum __knowledge__ He is also known for a hit he made against New England Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley in a 1978 preseason game that paralyzed Stingley from the chest down.", "Jack Tatum __knowledge__ A member of the College Football Hall of Fame, Tatum was a unanimous All-American in 1969 and 1970.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ A snowshoe is footwear for walking over snow.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ Snowshoes work by distributing the weight of the person over a larger area so that the person's foot does not sink completely into the snow, a quality called \"flotation\".", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ Snowshoeing is a form of hiking.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ Traditional snowshoes have a hardwood frame with rawhide lacings.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ Some modern snowshoes are similar, but most are made of materials such as lightweight metal, plastic, and synthetic fabric.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ In addition to distributing the weight, snowshoes are generally raised at the toe for maneuverability.", "Snowshoe __knowledge__ They must not accumulate snow, hence the latticework, and require bindings to attach them to the feet.", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Caitlyn Jenner __knowledge__ Caitlyn Marie Jenner (born October 28, 1949), formerly known as Bruce Jenner, is an American television personality and retired Olympic gold medal-winning decathlete.", "Caitlyn Jenner __knowledge__ Jenner was a college football player for the Graceland Yellowjackets before incurring a knee injury that required surgery.", "Caitlyn Jenner __knowledge__ Coach L. D. Weldon, who had coached Olympic decathlete Jack Parker, convinced Jenner to try the decathlon.", "Caitlyn Jenner __knowledge__ After intense training, Jenner won the 1976 Olympics decathlon event at the Montreal Olympic Games, gaining fame as \"an all-American hero\".", "Caitlyn Jenner __knowledge__ Jenner set a third successive world record while winning the Olympics.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The rules of baseball differ slightly from league to league, but in general share the same basic game play.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ There are several major rules, which differ only slightly.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The \"Official Baseball Rules\" govern all professional play in the United States and Canada, including the World Baseball Classic.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The complete rules are published as the Official Baseball Rules at MLB.com, the official web site of Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada.", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ The rules are also published in book form in North America by the \"Sporting News\".", "Baseball rules __knowledge__ Many amateur and youth leagues use the \"OBR\" with only a few modifications for safety.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ Poirot's Early Cases is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in September 1974.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ The book retailed at £2.25.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ Although the stories contained within the volume had all appeared in previous US collections, the book also appeared there later in 1974 under the slightly different title of Hercule Poirot's Early Cases in an edition retailing at $6.95.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ In the collection, Christie charts some of the cases from Hercule Poirot's early career, before he was internationally renowned as a detective.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ All the stories had first been published in periodicals between 1923 and 1935." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "List of The Sopranos characters __knowledge__ The following is a listing of fictional characters from the HBO series \"The Sopranos\".", "List of The Sopranos characters __knowledge__ To view characters organized by their associations, see the subpages section.", "List of The Sopranos characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that are, or at one time were, a recurring guest on the series; they are listed in the order that they first appeared on the show.", "List of The Sopranos characters __knowledge__ Many characters have had storylines that have spanned multiple seasons, while the others are restricted to arcs that occurred during a single season of the show.", "List of The Sopranos characters __knowledge__ Rosalie \"Ro\" Aprile, played by Sharon Angela, is the widow of Jackie Aprile, Sr, and the mother of Jackie Jr. and Kelli.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Ken Livingstone __knowledge__ Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008.", "Ken Livingstone __knowledge__ He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East from 1987 to 2001.", "Ken Livingstone __knowledge__ A suspended member of the Labour Party, he was on the party's hard left, ideologically identifying as a democratic socialist.", "Ken Livingstone __knowledge__ Born in Lambeth, South London, to a working-class family, Livingstone joined Labour in 1968 and was elected to represent Norwood at the GLC in 1973, Hackney North and Stoke Newington in 1977, and Paddington in 1981, when he was elected leader of the GLC by Labour members.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In the United States and Canada, the term professional football includes the professional forms of American and Canadian gridiron football.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In common usage, it refers to former and existing major football leagues in either country.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Currently (2016), there are multiple professional football leagues in North America: the three best known are the National Football League (NFL) and the Arena Football League (AFL) in the U.S. and the Canadian Football League (CFL) in Canada.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ The NFL has existed continuously since being so named in 1922.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Compared to the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada, football has comparatively few levels of play and does not have a well-developed minor league system or pyramid, either official or otherwise.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Hexagonal chess __knowledge__ Hexagonal chess refers to a group of chess variants played on boards composed of hexagon .", "Hexagonal chess __knowledge__ The best known is Gliński's variant, played on a symmetric 91-cell hexagonal board.", "Hexagonal chess __knowledge__ Since each hexagonal cell not on a board edge has six neighbor cells, there is increased mobility for pieces compared to a standard orthogonal chessboard.", "Hexagonal chess __knowledge__ (E.g., a rook has six natural directions for movement instead of four.)", "Hexagonal chess __knowledge__ Three colours are typically used so that no two neighboring cells are the same colour, and a colour-restricted game piece such as the orthodox chess bishop usually comes in sets of three per player in order to maintain the game's balance.", "History of American football __knowledge__ The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "History of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "History of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the \"Father of American Football\".", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Modern history of American football __knowledge__ The modern history of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game, which was the first American football game to feature hash marks, the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage, and the movement of the goal posts back to the goal line; it was also the first indoor game since 1902.", "Modern history of American football __knowledge__ Other innovations to occur in the years after 1932 were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934, the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934, the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935, the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ The Indian cricket team are two times World Champions.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ In addition to winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, they triumphed over Sri Lanka in the 2011 Cricket World Cup on home soil.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ They were also runners-up at the 2003 Cricket World Cup, and semifinalists thrice (1987, 1996 and 2015).", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ They came last in the Super Six stage in the 1999 Cricket World Cup and have been knocked out 4 times in the Group stage (1975, 1979, 1992 and 2007).", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ India's historical win-loss record at the cricket world cup is 46-27, with 1 match being tied and another one being abandoned due to rain.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ White: Group/Round-Robin Stage The 1975 Cricket World Cup was the first Cricket World Cup.", "Oh Well (song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Well\" is a song first recorded by Fleetwood Mac in 1969, composed by vocalist and lead guitarist Peter Green.", "Oh Well (song) __knowledge__ It first appeared as a Fleetwood Mac single in various countries in 1969 and subsequently appeared on revised versions of that year's \"Then Play On\" album and the \"Greatest Hits\" album in 1971.", "Oh Well (song) __knowledge__ It later featured on the 1992 boxed set \"25 Years – The Chain\", and on the 2002 compilation album \"The Best of Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac\".", "Oh Well (song) __knowledge__ A live version of the song was included on the 1998 compilation \"The Vaudeville Years\".", "Oh Well (song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Well\" was composed in two parts, \"Part 1\" being a fast electric blues song with vocals (lasting 2:19), \"Part 2\" being an entirely different instrumental piece with a classical influence (lasting 5:39).", "Then Play On __knowledge__ Then Play On is the third studio album by British blues rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 19 September 1969.", "Then Play On __knowledge__ It was the first of their original albums to feature Danny Kirwan and the last with Peter Green.", "Then Play On __knowledge__ Jeremy Spencer did not feature on the album apart from \"a couple of piano things\" (according to Mick Fleetwood in \"Q\" magazine in 1990).", "Then Play On __knowledge__ The album, appearing after the group's sudden success in the pop charts, offered a broader stylistic range than the classic blues of the group's first two albums.", "Then Play On __knowledge__ The album went on to reach #6 in the UK, subsequently becoming the band's fourth Top 20 hit in a row, as well as their third album to reach the Top 10.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ Three countries—Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—had originally set 5 January 2005 as the date of signing the agreement relating to the CARICOM single market and economy (CSME).", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The ceremony had then been rescheduled to coincide with 19 February 2005 inauguration of the new CARICOM-headquarters building in Georgetown, Guyana, but this was later postponed after a ruling by the London Privy council caused alarm to several Caribbean countries.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The prospect was that ten of the remaining twelve CARICOM countries would join the CSME by the end of 2005.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The Bahamas and Haiti were not expected to be a part of the new economic arrangement at that time.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ University admission or college admission is the process through which students enter tertiary education at universities and colleges.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ Systems vary widely from country to country, and sometimes from institution to institution.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ In many countries, prospective university students apply for admission during their last year of high school or community college.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ In some countries, there are independent organizations or government agencies to centralize the administration of standardized admission exams and the processing of applications.", "University and college admission __knowledge__ As Australia uses a Federal system of government, responsibility for education, and admission to Technical and Further Education colleges and undergraduate degrees at universities for domestic students, are in the domain of state and territory government (see Education in Australia).", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ The Morris County School of Technology (MCVTS or MCST) is a vocational magnet public high school located in Denville Township, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Morris County Vocational School District.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ This school prepares high school students for future careers, through its academy programs, each focusing on a particular trade as well as an advanced college preparatory program.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ Students apply to one of the 13 different academies in a process that starts the 8th grade year of local students.", "Morris County School of Technology __knowledge__ The highly competitive process begins with a general admissions test and is followed by group interviews on an academy basis.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, () , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ However, the court ruled that specific racial quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students by the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, were impermissible.", "Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke __knowledge__ Although the Supreme Court had outlawed segregation in schools, and had even ordered school districts to take steps to assure integration, the question of the legality of voluntary affirmative action programs initiated by universities was unresolved.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The University of Bristol admissions controversy refers to an historic dispute over the admissions process for the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom which occurred in 2003.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The 2003 incident was caused by concerns over bias in the admissions system that were perceived as favouritism towards state school students after the rejection of some students with strong academic records who attended independent schools.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ The University's widening participation policy allowed the awarding of slightly lower offers to promising applicants from schools with lower academic achievement.", "University of Bristol admissions controversy __knowledge__ Controversy surrounding this policy resulted in a brief boycott of the University by some independent schools and intense media debate about the fairness of the admissions policy as well as praise and criticism of the policy and the boycott from politicians, student leaders and education groups.", "Grutter v. Bollinger __knowledge__ Grutter v. Bollinger, , was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School.", "Grutter v. Bollinger __knowledge__ Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing for the majority in a 5–4 decision and joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, ruled that the University of Michigan Law School had a compelling interest in promoting class diversity.", "Grutter v. Bollinger __knowledge__ The Court held that a race-conscious admissions process that may favor \"underrepresented minority groups\", but that also took into account many other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant, did not amount to a quota system that would have been unconstitutional under \"Regents of the University of California v. Bakke\".", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ American Dad!", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ The series premiered on February 6, 2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the first season aired as part of the Animation Domination block, commencing on May 1, 2005.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ Creative direction of \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ has largely been guided by Barker (prior to his exit from the show in season 10) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American four-blade, twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It is armed with a M230 chain gun carried between the main landing gear, under the aircraft's forward fuselage, and four hardpoints mounted on stub-wing pylons for carrying armament and stores, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The AH-64 has a large amount of systems redundancy to improve combat survivability.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ The experiences of Muslim women vary widely between and within different societies.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ At the same time, their adherence to Islam is a shared factor that affects their lives to a varying degree and gives them a common identity that may serve to bridge the wide cultural, social, and economic differences between them.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ Among the influences which have played an important role in defining the social, spiritual and cosmological status of women in the course of Islamic history are Islam's sacred text, the Qur'an; the Ḥadīths, which are traditions relating to the deeds and aphorisms of Islam's Prophet Muḥammad; ijmā', which is a consensus, expressed or tacit, on a question of law; qiyās, the principle by which the laws of the Qur'an and the Sunnah or Prophetic custom are applied to situations not explicitly covered by these two sources of legislation; and fatwas, non-binding published opinions or decisions regarding religious doctrine or points of law.", "Ah Kong __knowledge__ Ah Kong () was an organised crime gang involved in its main trade of drugs and used to control the European heroin trade in the 1970s to 1990s.", "Ah Kong __knowledge__ It was one of the world's largest drug syndicates with its origin from Singapore but was based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Bangkok, Thailand where they received their drug supplies.", "Ah Kong __knowledge__ The production of heroin was at an area known as the Golden Triangle formed by Thailand, Laos and Myanmar.", "Ah Kong __knowledge__ Although Ah Kong was based in Amsterdam and Bangkok, it had operations in other major European cities and the Asia-Pacific.", "Ah Kong __knowledge__ Ah Kong, which means 'Grandfather' in Hokkien, had never been based in Singapore.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The Bell AH-1 Cobra is a two-blade, single-engine attack helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ It was developed using the engine, transmission and rotor system of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ A member of the prolific Huey family, the AH-1 is also referred to as the HueyCobra or Snake.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The AH-1 was the backbone of the United States Army's attack helicopter fleet, but has been replaced by the AH-64 Apache in Army service.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ Upgraded versions continue to fly with the militaries of several other nations.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The AH-1 twin engine versions remain in service with United States Marine Corps (USMC) as the service's primary attack helicopter.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ The United States military has developed a number of Helicopter Armament Subsystems since the early 1960s.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ These systems are used for offensive and defensive purposes and make use of a wide variety of weapon types including, but not limited to machine guns, grenade launchers, autocannon, and rockets.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ Various systems are still in use, though many have become obsolete.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ The helicopter has added much to the exploitation of the modern battlefield, changing traditional war-fighting scenarios to the extent that entirely new strategies and tactics have been developed both to utilise and deny the capabilities of these aircraft.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ The Alavi Bohras () are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah around 1093 AD in Egypt, the designated learned people (\"wulaat\") who were sent from Yemen by missionaries (\"du'aat\") under the guidance of the Imam established a \"da'wah\" in Khambhat (Gujarat, India).", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ After the division of the Mustaalid community, the Yemenite Da'wah followed their 21st Imam, the son of 20th Imam Aamir in the succession of Fatimid Imams of Egypt, at-Taiyeb Abul Qaasim as their Imam of seclusion ستر, and the Bohras are the modern descendants of Taiyebi Da'wah established from Khambhat, Patan and Sidhpur in the 5th century Hijri and also the immigrants from Yemeni Taiyebi Da'wah." ] ]

[ 40, 32, 17, 48, 21 ]

[ "I'm not much of a runner I'm afraid - unless I miss the bus! I try to follow a good diet though", "Did you play college football? I hear its one step from professional", "How did you find the admissions process? I've heard it's incredibly competitive, despite there being 2,675 to choose from", "Ah, sorry, I thought you were American! The system there is murder - it varies so widely.", "So you've got an American Dad? Haha - I love that show" ]

[ "Running", "Running", "Running", "Running", "Running" ]

[ "Charity shop\ni like to visit and shop at thrift shops", "but I always wonder how much do charities get out of the sale at thrift shops", "I guess the major thrift shop is Goodwill but I like to shop at small local ones", "I have never heard of the song, when did it come out?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Charity shop __knowledge__ A charity shop or thrift shop is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops are a type of social enterprise.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, home videos, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ After costs are paid, all remaining income from the sales is used in accord with the organization's stated charitable purpose.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Costs include purchase and/or depreciation of fixtures (clothing racks, bookshelves, counters, etc.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ ), operating costs (maintenance, municipal service fees, electricity, heat, telephone, limited advertising) and the building lease or mortgage.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops may also be referred to as thrift stores (in the United States and Canada), hospice shops, resale shops (a term that in the U.S. also covers consignment shops), and opportunity (or op) shops (in Australia and New Zealand).", "Charity shop __knowledge__ One of the earliest charity shops was set up by the Wolverhampton Society for the Blind (now called the Beacon Centre for the Blind) in 1899 to sell goods made by blind people to raise money for the Society.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ \"Thrift Shop\" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It was released on August 27, 2012 as Macklemore's eighth career single and the fourth single from their debut studio album, \"The Heist\" (2012).", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It features vocals by Wanz.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ The song was composed to show Macklemore's esteem for thrift shops and saving money, rather than flaunting expensive items like many rappers.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Many music reviewers praised the song for its humorous lyrics and social critique.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Despite being released on Macklemore's independent label with distribution by the Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), a Warner Music Group company, the single was a sleeper hit.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ Sustainable clothing refers to fabrics derived from eco-friendly resources, such as sustainably grown fiber crops or recycled materials.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ It also refers to how these fabrics are made.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ Historically, being environmentally conscious towards clothing meant (1) buying clothes from thrift stores or any shops that sell second-hand clothing, or (2) donating used clothes to shops previously mentioned, for reuse or resale.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ In modern times, with a prominent trend towards sustainability and being ‘green’, sustainable clothing has expanded towards (1) reducing the amount of clothing discarded to landfills, and (2) decreasing the environmental impact of agro-chemicals in producing conventional fiber crops (e.g.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ Housing Works is a New York City based non-profit fighting the twin crises of AIDS and homelessness.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ The charity is well known for its operations, which have recently included outreach to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ , the organization has served 30,000 clients.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ In 1990, five members of the famous AIDS activist group ACT UP—Keith Cylar, Charles King, Gerri Wells, Eric Sawyer and Virginia Shubert—decided to dedicate themselves to serving one of New York City’s most neglected populations: the tens of thousands of homeless men, women, and children in New York City living with HIV and AIDS.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ The activists called their new group Housing Works because they believed that stable housing was the key to helping HIV-positive people live healthy and fulfilling lives and to prevent the further spread of the virus.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic refers to a style of dressing where clothes are cheap and/or used.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Clothes are often bought from thrift stores such as the Salvation Army, Goodwill, or Value Village.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Originally popular among the hippies of the late 1960s, this fashion movement resurfaced during the mid-1980s among teenagers, and expanded into the 1990s with the growing popularity of such music and style influences including the grunge band Nirvana.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic can be considered as an anti-fashion statement because it does not follow fashion trends and does not attempt to look expensive or new.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic is often composed of vintage T-shirts (striped tees and anything with vintage graphics, in particular), sweaters, flannel ‘lumberjack’ shirts, and worn and torn jeans.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement (EUS) was a multi-purpose voluntary organisation established by University of Edinburgh in 1905.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement was part of a larger settlement movement which began in Britain with the founding of Toynbee Hall in London in 1886.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ EUS was liquidated in 2011 following bankruptcy.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The main founder of the Edinburgh settlement was a history professor called Sir Richard Lodge in proposing the foundation of the Settlement Professor Lodge acknowledged that while Edinburgh was a fair city it had some 'foul spots' in it.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The first location suggested for the settlement would be in the district that lay between the Cowgate and the Cannongate in Edinburgh's old town.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita refers to two separate non-profit organizations in Los Alamos, New Mexico.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita Thrift Shop and Casa Mesita Group Home are two of many social enterprise organizations in Los Alamos County, one of the highest-income counties in the United States, in a state with household income far below the national median.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita Thrift Shop (NMSCC 0833772, Casa Mesita Thrift Shop Inc.) is a non-profit organization that operates a thrift shop for the purpose of supporting a group home for girls.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ The thrift shop sells donated, mostly used goods.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ The organization is 100% volunteer run; it has no employees and pays no salaries and no wages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Charity shop __knowledge__ A charity shop or thrift shop is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops are a type of social enterprise.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, home videos, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ After costs are paid, all remaining income from the sales is used in accord with the organization's stated charitable purpose.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Costs include purchase and/or depreciation of fixtures (clothing racks, bookshelves, counters, etc.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ ), operating costs (maintenance, municipal service fees, electricity, heat, telephone, limited advertising) and the building lease or mortgage.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops may also be referred to as thrift stores (in the United States and Canada), hospice shops, resale shops (a term that in the U.S. also covers consignment shops), and opportunity (or op) shops (in Australia and New Zealand).", "Charity shop __knowledge__ One of the earliest charity shops was set up by the Wolverhampton Society for the Blind (now called the Beacon Centre for the Blind) in 1899 to sell goods made by blind people to raise money for the Society.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ \"Thrift Shop\" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It was released on August 27, 2012 as Macklemore's eighth career single and the fourth single from their debut studio album, \"The Heist\" (2012).", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It features vocals by Wanz.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ The song was composed to show Macklemore's esteem for thrift shops and saving money, rather than flaunting expensive items like many rappers.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Many music reviewers praised the song for its humorous lyrics and social critique.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Despite being released on Macklemore's independent label with distribution by the Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), a Warner Music Group company, the single was a sleeper hit.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ Sustainable clothing refers to fabrics derived from eco-friendly resources, such as sustainably grown fiber crops or recycled materials.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ It also refers to how these fabrics are made.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ Historically, being environmentally conscious towards clothing meant (1) buying clothes from thrift stores or any shops that sell second-hand clothing, or (2) donating used clothes to shops previously mentioned, for reuse or resale.", "Sustainable clothing __knowledge__ In modern times, with a prominent trend towards sustainability and being ‘green’, sustainable clothing has expanded towards (1) reducing the amount of clothing discarded to landfills, and (2) decreasing the environmental impact of agro-chemicals in producing conventional fiber crops (e.g.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic refers to a style of dressing where clothes are cheap and/or used.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Clothes are often bought from thrift stores such as the Salvation Army, Goodwill, or Value Village.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Originally popular among the hippies of the late 1960s, this fashion movement resurfaced during the mid-1980s among teenagers, and expanded into the 1990s with the growing popularity of such music and style influences including the grunge band Nirvana.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic can be considered as an anti-fashion statement because it does not follow fashion trends and does not attempt to look expensive or new.", "Thrift store chic __knowledge__ Thrift store chic is often composed of vintage T-shirts (striped tees and anything with vintage graphics, in particular), sweaters, flannel ‘lumberjack’ shirts, and worn and torn jeans.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ Housing Works is a New York City based non-profit fighting the twin crises of AIDS and homelessness.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ The charity is well known for its operations, which have recently included outreach to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ , the organization has served 30,000 clients.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ In 1990, five members of the famous AIDS activist group ACT UP—Keith Cylar, Charles King, Gerri Wells, Eric Sawyer and Virginia Shubert—decided to dedicate themselves to serving one of New York City’s most neglected populations: the tens of thousands of homeless men, women, and children in New York City living with HIV and AIDS.", "Housing Works __knowledge__ The activists called their new group Housing Works because they believed that stable housing was the key to helping HIV-positive people live healthy and fulfilling lives and to prevent the further spread of the virus.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ Web Thrift Store is an organization based in New York City that facilitates non-profit organizations to raise money through it.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ It was founded in 2011 by Doug Kurgman and Lynn Zises.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ Web Thrift Store was founded in 2011 by Doug Krugman and Lynn Zises in New York City.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ The stated goal of the company is to allow non-profit organizations to run online thrift stores without having to maintain inventory.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ Part of the reason the two founded the organization was to get people to donate things that they do not use in order to raise cash for non-profits.", "Web Thrift Store __knowledge__ Items donated to the website earn money for charities.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement (EUS) was a multi-purpose voluntary organisation established by University of Edinburgh in 1905.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement was part of a larger settlement movement which began in Britain with the founding of Toynbee Hall in London in 1886.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ EUS was liquidated in 2011 following bankruptcy.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The main founder of the Edinburgh settlement was a history professor called Sir Richard Lodge in proposing the foundation of the Settlement Professor Lodge acknowledged that while Edinburgh was a fair city it had some 'foul spots' in it.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The first location suggested for the settlement would be in the district that lay between the Cowgate and the Cannongate in Edinburgh's old town.", "Fundraising Standards Board __knowledge__ The Fundraising Standards Board (FRSB) has been the independent regulator for charity fundraising in the UK since 2007.", "Fundraising Standards Board __knowledge__ However following media scrutiny of charity fundraising throughout 2015 the Office for Civil Society, the UK government department with responsibility for charities, commissioned the Etherington Review of charitable fundraising regulation, which led to a decision to create a new Fundraising Regulator.", "Fundraising Standards Board __knowledge__ The FRSB has committed to support the conclusions of the review, and the chair of the new regulator has said it will take over fundraising regulation by the end of 2016.", "Fundraising Standards Board __knowledge__ The FRSB was launched as a self-regulatory scheme, with the onus on charities and fundraising suppliers to opt into market regulation through the FRSB.", "Telethon __knowledge__ A telethon (a portmanteau of \"television\" and \"marathon\") is a televised fundraising event that lasts many hours or even days, the purpose of which is to raise money for a charitable, political or other purportedly worthy cause.", "Telethon __knowledge__ Most telethons feature heavy solicitations for pledges (promises to donate funds at a later time) combined with variety show style entertainment.", "Telethon __knowledge__ The equivalent term for a radio broadcast is a radiothon; most radiothons do not include the entertainment.", "Telethon __knowledge__ In 1949, Milton Berle hosted the first ever telethon, raising $1,100,000 for the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation over the course of 16 hours.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "School Election Project __knowledge__ The School Election Project is a project started in 1989 that co-ordinates mock high school elections in Norway in connection with national and local elections in Norway.", "School Election Project __knowledge__ The mock elections are held in the weeks prior to the ordinary elections, and the results are published a couple of days before the election and draw much attention from media and political analysts.", "School Election Project __knowledge__ They often predict the tendency in the ordinary elections.", "School Election Project __knowledge__ High school mock elections in connection with ordinary political elections became common in Norway in the 1980s.", "School Election Project __knowledge__ They were initially arranged by the Workers' Youth League, sometimes in a cooperation with Norwegian Young Conservatives.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The political positions of Ron Paul (L-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative and constitutionalist.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ and Paul's nickname \"Dr. No\" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will \"never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution\".", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ This position has frequently resulted in Paul casting the sole \"no\" vote against proposed legislation.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The central tenet of Paul's political philosophy is that \"the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else.\"", "Gary Barlow __knowledge__ Gary Barlow OBE (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer.", "Gary Barlow __knowledge__ He is best known as the lead singer of the British pop group Take That.", "Gary Barlow __knowledge__ Barlow also served as head judge of \"The X Factor UK\" in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and \"Let It Shine\" in 2017.", "Gary Barlow __knowledge__ Barlow is one of Britain's most successful songwriters, having written fourteen number one singles and twenty-four top 10 hits.", "Gary Barlow __knowledge__ He has had three number one singles, six top 10 singles and two number one albums as a solo artist, and has had seventeen top 5 hits, twelve number one singles and seven number one albums with Take That.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Mike and the Mad Dog was an afternoon drive sports radio program based out of WFAN in New York City hosted by Mike Francesa and Christopher \"Mad Dog\" Russo.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Airing from 1989 to 2008, the show featured Francesa and Russo talking sports and taking phone calls from listeners.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ From 2002 onwards, the show was simulcast on television on the YES Network.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ On the radio, the show was simulcast beginning 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Before Francesa and Russo were paired, Russo was an overnight/weekend and fill-in host.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ He caught the attention of Don Imus, who was impressed with his vibrant personality and brought Russo onto the \"Imus in the Morning\" show as its sports reporter." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Charity shop __knowledge__ A charity shop or thrift shop is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops are a type of social enterprise.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, home videos, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ After costs are paid, all remaining income from the sales is used in accord with the organization's stated charitable purpose.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Costs include purchase and/or depreciation of fixtures (clothing racks, bookshelves, counters, etc.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ ), operating costs (maintenance, municipal service fees, electricity, heat, telephone, limited advertising) and the building lease or mortgage.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops may also be referred to as thrift stores (in the United States and Canada), hospice shops, resale shops (a term that in the U.S. also covers consignment shops), and opportunity (or op) shops (in Australia and New Zealand).", "Charity shop __knowledge__ One of the earliest charity shops was set up by the Wolverhampton Society for the Blind (now called the Beacon Centre for the Blind) in 1899 to sell goods made by blind people to raise money for the Society.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ \"Thrift Shop\" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It was released on August 27, 2012 as Macklemore's eighth career single and the fourth single from their debut studio album, \"The Heist\" (2012).", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ It features vocals by Wanz.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ The song was composed to show Macklemore's esteem for thrift shops and saving money, rather than flaunting expensive items like many rappers.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Many music reviewers praised the song for its humorous lyrics and social critique.", "Thrift Shop __knowledge__ Despite being released on Macklemore's independent label with distribution by the Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), a Warner Music Group company, the single was a sleeper hit.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita refers to two separate non-profit organizations in Los Alamos, New Mexico.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita Thrift Shop and Casa Mesita Group Home are two of many social enterprise organizations in Los Alamos County, one of the highest-income counties in the United States, in a state with household income far below the national median.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ Casa Mesita Thrift Shop (NMSCC 0833772, Casa Mesita Thrift Shop Inc.) is a non-profit organization that operates a thrift shop for the purpose of supporting a group home for girls.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ The thrift shop sells donated, mostly used goods.", "Casa Mesita __knowledge__ The organization is 100% volunteer run; it has no employees and pays no salaries and no wages.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement (EUS) was a multi-purpose voluntary organisation established by University of Edinburgh in 1905.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The Edinburgh University Settlement was part of a larger settlement movement which began in Britain with the founding of Toynbee Hall in London in 1886.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ EUS was liquidated in 2011 following bankruptcy.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The main founder of the Edinburgh settlement was a history professor called Sir Richard Lodge in proposing the foundation of the Settlement Professor Lodge acknowledged that while Edinburgh was a fair city it had some 'foul spots' in it.", "Edinburgh University Settlement __knowledge__ The first location suggested for the settlement would be in the district that lay between the Cowgate and the Cannongate in Edinburgh's old town.", "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ Macklemore & Ryan Lewis is an American hip hop duo, formed in 2008, from Seattle, Washington.", "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ The duo is composed of Ben Haggerty, a rapper who goes by the stage name of Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis, a record producer, DJ, and professional photographer, who met the former at a photo shoot and they have significantly collaborated ever since.", "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ In 2009, they released their first collaborative effort, an EP titled \"VS. EP\".", "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ They later followed up with \"VS. Redux\" (2010), the Grammy Award-winning album \"The Heist\" (2012) and \"This Unruly Mess I've Made\" (2016).", "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ Macklemore and Lewis' single \"Thrift Shop\" reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 2013.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ The Heist is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 9, 2012, by Macklemore LLC, distributed under the Alternative Distribution Alliance.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ The album was independently self-produced, self-recorded and self-released by the duo, with no mainstream promotion or support.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ After the album's release, the duo hired Warner Music Group's radio promotion department to help the push with their singles for a small percentage of the sales.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ The album was recorded in Seattle, Washington between 2009 and 2012.", "The Heist (album) __knowledge__ Within each series of singles were released, before the album release from 2010 and onwards; the fourth single \"Thrift Shop\", which was the most commercially successful – peaking at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number one in 17 other countries, including number one positions in New Zealand and Australia, as well as a successful run on the charts in many other countries.", "Anderson Street station __knowledge__ Anderson Street is a New Jersey Transit rail station on the Pascack Valley Line.", "Anderson Street station __knowledge__ The station is one of two rail stations in Hackensack (the other being Essex Street) and located at Anderson Street near Linden Street.", "Anderson Street station __knowledge__ All normal scheduled trains service this station seven days a week except for the Metro-North Railroad Express trains to Spring Valley, New York.", "Anderson Street station __knowledge__ The station house was built in 1869 (and opened on September 9, 1869) by the Hackensack and New York Railroad on a track extension from Passaic Street in Hackensack.", "Anderson Street station __knowledge__ The station was turned over to the Erie Railroad in 1896 and New Jersey Transit in 1983.", "Macklemore __knowledge__ Benjamin Hammond Haggerty (born June 19, 1983), known by his stage name Macklemore ( ), and formerly Professor Mack Lemore, is an American singer from Seattle, Washington.", "Macklemore __knowledge__ He has collaborated with producer Ryan Lewis as Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "Macklemore __knowledge__ Since 2000, he has independently released one mixtape, three EPs, and four albums.", "Macklemore __knowledge__ Macklemore and Lewis's single \"Thrift Shop\" reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 2013.", "Macklemore __knowledge__ The single was soon dubbed by \"Billboard\" as the first song since 1994 to top the Hot 100 chart without the support of a major record label, although Macklemore, in a slightly unusual recording contract, pays a nominal percentage of sales to use Warner Bros. Records's radio promotion department to push his singles.", "Can't Hold Us __knowledge__ \"Can't Hold Us\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and singer Ray Dalton, originally released on August 16, 2011 as the second single from the duo's debut studio album \"The Heist\" (2012).", "Can't Hold Us __knowledge__ The song became a sleeper hit and reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it their second number-one hit in the United States.", "Can't Hold Us __knowledge__ It is also their third consecutive number-one single in Australia.", "Can't Hold Us __knowledge__ The music video was nominated for Best Music Video at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in 2014.", "Can't Hold Us __knowledge__ The song was also listed as \"The Most-Streamed Song of 2013\" by Spotify.", "Same Love __knowledge__ \"Same Love\" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, released as the third single from their 2012 debut studio album, \"The Heist\".", "Same Love __knowledge__ The track, featuring vocals by Seattle-based singer Mary Lambert, talks about the issue of gay and lesbian rights and was recorded during the campaign for Washington Referendum 74, which, upon approval in 2012, legalized same-sex marriage in Washington State.", "Same Love __knowledge__ The song reached number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States and reached number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand.", "Same Love __knowledge__ The song was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Song of the Year.", "Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ Ryan S. Lewis (born March 25, 1988) is an American DJ, musician, record producer, videographer, photographer, graphic designer, music video director, rapper and songwriter.", "Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ Along with producing his own album titled \"Instrumentals\", Lewis produced the albums \"The VS. EP\" (2009), \"The Heist\" (2012), and \"This Unruly Mess I've Made\" (2016) as part of the duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.", "Ryan Lewis __knowledge__ In 2006, Lewis befriended rapper Macklemore on Myspace and soon after became the behind-the-scenes partner of a successful duo, producing, recording, engineering and mixing all of the duo's music, as well as directing the music videos for \"Same Love\", \"Thrift Shop\", \"And We Danced\", \"Otherside (Remix)\", \"Can't Hold Us\", \"Irish Celebration\", \"My Oh My\", \"Victory Lap\", \"Downtown\", \"Brad Pitt's Cousin\" and \"White Walls\" and designing promotional graphics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Charity shop __knowledge__ A charity shop or thrift shop is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops are a type of social enterprise.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, home videos, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ After costs are paid, all remaining income from the sales is used in accord with the organization's stated charitable purpose.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Costs include purchase and/or depreciation of fixtures (clothing racks, bookshelves, counters, etc.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ ), operating costs (maintenance, municipal service fees, electricity, heat, telephone, limited advertising) and the building lease or mortgage.", "Charity shop __knowledge__ Charity shops may also be referred to as thrift stores (in the United States and Canada), hospice shops, resale shops (a term that in the U.S. also covers consignment shops), and opportunity (or op) shops (in Australia and New Zealand).", "Charity shop __knowledge__ One of the earliest charity shops was set up by the Wolverhampton Society for the Blind (now called the Beacon Centre for the Blind) in 1899 to sell goods made by blind people to raise money for the Society.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Come as You Are (Nirvana song) __knowledge__ \"Come as You Are\" is a song by American grunge band Nirvana, written by frontman Kurt Cobain and released as the second single from the band's second studio album \"Nevermind\" in March 1992.", "Come as You Are (Nirvana song) __knowledge__ It was the band's second American Top 40 hit, and second UK top 10 hit, reaching number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number nine on the UK Singles Chart.", "Come as You Are (Nirvana song) __knowledge__ The unexpected success of the album's lead single, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" drew Nirvana to mainstream success, with \"Nevermind\" being released two weeks after the single's release.", "Come as You Are (Nirvana song) __knowledge__ Following the album's release, the band and its management company debated whether to release \"Come as You Are\" or \"In Bloom\" as the next single from the album due to Cobain's concerns over similarity of the former with the Killing Joke song \"Eighties\" (1984).", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ \"Stairway to Heaven\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called \"Led Zeppelin IV\").", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song has three sections, each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments (guitar and recorders) before introducing electric instruments.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line: \"And she's buying a stairway to heaven.\"", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 – December 6, 1988) was an American singer-songwriter known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex song structures, and dark emotional ballads.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, nicknaming him \"the Caruso of Rock\" and \"the Big O\".", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ While most male rock-and-roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbison's songs instead conveyed vulnerability.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ His voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes, to match his dyed jet black hair and dark sunglasses (Orbison was actually blonde), which lent an air of mystery to his persona.", "Wah-wah pedal __knowledge__ A wah-wah pedal (or simply wah pedal) is a type of electric guitar effects pedal that alters the tone and frequencies of the guitar signal to create a distinctive sound, mimicking the human voice saying the onomatopoeic name \"wah-wah\".", "Wah-wah pedal __knowledge__ The pedal sweeps the peak response of a frequency filter up and down in frequency to create the sound, a spectral glide, also known as \"the wah effect\".", "Wah-wah pedal __knowledge__ The wah-wah effect originated in the 1920s, with trumpet or trombone players finding they could produce an expressive crying tone by moving a mute in and out of the instrument's bell.", "Wah-wah pedal __knowledge__ This was later simulated with electronic circuitry for the electric guitar when the wah-wah pedal was invented.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ Del Casher (born Delton Kacher, 1938, Hammond, Indiana) is an American guitarist and inventor.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ He invented Wah-wah pedal, the Ecco-Fonic, and the Fender Electronic Echo Chamber.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ He was the first to introduce the Roland Guitar Synthesizer for the Roland Corporation.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ Casher is an alumnus of the University of Pittsburgh where he majored in communications.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ After college, he moved to Hollywood and was invited to perform as the guitar and banjo soloist on the Lawrence Welk TV show.", "Del Casher __knowledge__ At that time, he also toured with \"The Three Suns\", RCA recording artists who were well known for their hit song \"Twilight Time\".", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 3219 (or FM 3219) is located entirely in Bell County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ FM 3219 begins at an intersection with Bus.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ US 190 in Harker Heights, with the road continuing south as Lookout Ridge Boulevard.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ The highway crosses over the South Nolan Creek before leaving Harker Heights.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ FM 3219 travels in a northeast direction before ending at an intersection with FM 439 just east of Killeen.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ FM 3219 was designated on November 5, 1971, running northward from US 190 (current Bus.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (3200–3299) __knowledge__ US 190) to FM 439.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ The \"Dido\"-class was a class of sixteen (including five within the \"Bellona\" sub-class) light cruisers built for the British Royal Navy.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ The design was influenced by the inter-war light cruisers.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ The first group of three ships were commissioned in 1940, the second group (six ships) and third group (two ships) were commissioned between 1941–1942.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ The \"Bellona\" subclass ships were commissioned between 1943 and 1944.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ Most members of the class were given names drawn from classical history and legend.", "Dido-class cruiser __knowledge__ Post war in the expanded 1951 programme of the Korean War Emergency a broad beam Bellona class armed with 4 twin Mk 6 4.5 guns was considered as a cruiser option along with the 1951 Minotaur class and the Tiger class completed with two Mk 24 6 inch turrets and 4 twin Mk 6 4.5.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michelle Williams, taken from her fourth studio album \"Journey to Freedom\" (2014).", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ It features Williams' former Destiny's Child groupmates Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Williams, Carmen Reece, Al Sherrod Lambert and Harmony Samuels who also produced it.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ E1 Music released \"Say Yes\" as the album's third single on June 2, 2014.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" marks the third time the trio collaborated as solo artists following the disbandment of their group in 2006.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Say Yes\" is an uptempo gospel and pop song, which takes influence from dance music.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Union is the thirteenth studio album by the English rock band Yes, released on 30 April 1991 by Arista Records.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Production began in 1990 following the amalgamation of two bands featuring current and previous members of Yes at the time: Yes, consisting of Chris Squire, Trevor Rabin, Tony Kaye, and Alan White; and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (ABWH), consisting of Jon Anderson, Steve Howe, Rick Wakeman, and Bill Bruford.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ The album is a collection of tracks written and performed by each group separately.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Recording was met with differences from the beginning, including the merger of the two groups, internal relations, and the decision by producer Jonathan Elias to have session musicians play parts already put down by Wakeman and Howe." ] ]

[ 1, 10, 11, 4 ]

[ "Thats cool, its always good to help charities and raise money for them.", "I am not sure but I love the song Thrift Shop by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis.", "Yes but don't you like that song,it was his eight single.", "I am not sure but its about how items were for sale for free." ]

[ "Charity shop", "Charity shop", "Charity shop", "Charity shop" ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "I do too..Whats your favorite?", "Yes I agree... I have tried many dishes but they dont taste as well as I would like" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The Karnataka Quiz Association (or KQA) was founded in 1983 by the late Wing Commander G.R.Mulky, Deepak Murdeshwar, Rajeev Gowda, Thomas Uthup, K.N.Mahabala, Thribhuvan Kumar, P.Raju and Jagadish Raja is a non-profit association devoted to popularizing the mindsport among students and the general public in Bangalore and beyond.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ Contests are held regularly in the following categories: Middle School, High School, Junior College, College, and Open-to-all.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ In addition, specialist quizzes in the areas of Literature, Entertainment, Music, Art, Comics and Business are held every year.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The KQA holds events in English and Kannada.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On is a professional scheduling software package for broadcasting companies, created by the Belgian company MediaGeniX.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Since 2013 Dirk Debraekeleer is the CEO of this company.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ The software was first created for the Vlaamse Televisie Maatschappij in 1992 as a scheduling system for linear TV.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ In 1999 the system was extended to include radio scheduling.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Version 20 of the package includes video on demand, video streaming, podcasting and theme channel support.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On includes support for revenue share licence agreements and it introduces the first fully embedded workflow engine that will further optimize the data flow between Digital asset managementsystems, play-out suites and finance systems.", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ Herbs are a multi-cultural New Zealand reggae group, which since its foundation has featured Samoans, Tongans, Cook Islanders and Maori members.", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ 11th inductee into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame, they formed in 1979, and were once described as \"New Zealand's most soulful, heartfelt and consistent contemporary musical voice\".", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ It has been said their debut EP \"Whats' Be Happen?\"", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ \"set a standard for Pacific reggae which has arguably never been surpassed\".", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ The band has always been political, with links to the Polynesian Panthers and the cover of \"Whats' Be Happen\" (released during the 1981 Springbok tour) being an aerial photo of police action at Bastion Point in 1978.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ Jana Hawkes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\".", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ The role was portrayed by Emily O'Brien, first on a recurring status and then on contract until the character's death onscreen on May 6, 2011.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ Jana was married to Kevin Fisher, is the murderer of Carmen Mesta, and was involved in a number of illegal activities.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ She died of an aneurysm during a fight with her ex-husband's girlfriend, Chloe Mitchell.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring status from May 11 to September 5, 2006, and then on contract from October 10, 2006 to February 20, 2007, when the character disappeared from the canvas temporarily until her return on June 15, 2007.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The Medic Droid was an American synthpop band from Phoenix, Arizona.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The Medic Droid was started in 2005 with Chris Donathon, Hector Bagnod and Johnny Chavez (Droid).", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ Bagnod and Donathon first met in 2003, but Donathon moved away from the city after they met, only to return (and begin the band) a few years later.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The group gained a strong initial following through the social networking site Myspace; by mid-2008 the song \"Fer Sure\" had logged almost 2 million plays on the site and the group had accumulated over 100,000 friends there.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ Soon they were noticed by manager Avery Andon who brought the band to New York where they played their first live show opening for Enter Shikari at The Bowery Ballroom and caught the eye of A&R's from Epic Records who would later go on to sign the band.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ Go Dad Run is a charitable project that was created in 2013 by former world champion athlete Colin Jackson in order to raise awareness about men's health issues, especially prostate cancer and funds for male health charities including Prostate Cancer UK.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ It is a series of runs for men and boys that take place around the UK in June.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ They can run, walk, wheel or jog around the courses and raise money for the charity via sponsorship.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ Jackson founded it after two of his uncles developed prostate cancer and although one responded to treatment the other was less fortunate and died.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ That prompted him to find out more information about the illness and he was shocked to discover that whilst 1 in 8 men in the UK will develop prostate cancer, that rises to 1 in 4 men from an African Caribbean background.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Jean Ray Laury (March 22, 1928 – March 2, 2011) was an American academically trained artist and designer.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ She was one of the first fine artists to move to quilting as a medium of choice in the late 1950s.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Her quilts followed neither traditional method nor pattern; they were bold, modern, colorful collages, often laced with humor and satire.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Penning over twenty books and teaching over 2,000 workshops, Laury helped women see the creative possibilities in everyday objects and awake their sense of inspiration.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Laury has been called a “foremother of a quilt revival”, and “one of the pioneers” of non-traditional quilts.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ By the time of her third book, \"Italian Food\", David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Margarita Forés is a Filipino chef, who runs a variety of restaurants which serve varieties of Italian cuisine.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ In 2016, she was named Asia's Best Female Chef.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Forés initially worked in catering, before launching the chain Cibo, as well as several individual restaurants.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Margarita Forés is a granddaughter of J. Amado Araneta, a prominent member of the wealthy Araneta family.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ She grew up in Manila until she was a freshman attending Assumption College San Lorenzo, when the family moved to New York City.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ The culture in her new city would eventually serve as inspiration for her culinary career, with Sunday visits to the same midtown American-Italian restaurant led to her interest in learning about the Italian food that was not so well known outside of the local areas in the country.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: \"ngũ vị\") in the overall meal.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Each Vietnamese dish has a distinctive flavor which reflects one or more of these elements.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Common ingredients include fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruit and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese recipes use lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, lime, and Thai basil leaves.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, complementary textures, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Korean regional cuisine __knowledge__ Korean regional cuisines () are characterized by local specialties and distinctive styles within Korean cuisine.", "Korean regional cuisine __knowledge__ The divisions reflected historical boundaries of the provinces where these food and culinary traditions were preserved until modern times.", "Korean regional cuisine __knowledge__ Although Korea has been divided into two nation-states since 1948 (North Korea and South Korea), it was once divided into eight provinces (\"paldo\") according to the administrative districts of the Joseon Dynasty.", "Korean regional cuisine __knowledge__ The northern region consisted of Hamgyeong, Pyeongan, and Hwanghae provinces.", "Korean regional cuisine __knowledge__ The central region comprised Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gangwon provinces.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 14th century Guillaume Tirel, a court chef known as \"Taillevent\", wrote \"Le Viandier\", one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ During that time, French cuisine was heavily influenced by Italian cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 17th century, chefs François Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carême spearheaded movements that shifted French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ They play different roles regionally and nationally, with many variations and \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ \"Pretty Much Dead Already\" is the seventh episode and mid-season finale of the second season, and 13th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 27, 2011.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ In the episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) reveals to the group that there are walkers in the Greenes' barn, dividing the group on what to do.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) sets a deadline for the group to leave, unless Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) does a difficult task.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) slowly loses his sanity after many secrets around him are revealed and Carol Peletier begins to question whether her daughter, Sophia will be found.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ Radiosurgery is the seventh studio album by American rock band New Found Glory.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on September 30, 2011 in Australia, before its wider release on October 4 through independent label Epitaph Records.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's final studio album to feature founding guitarist Steve Klein.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ To follow up predecessor \"Not Without a Fight\" (2009), the band began writing new material during their stint on the 2010 Honda Civic Tour.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ After self-producing a set of demos and contacting long-term record producer Neal Avron, the band went on to record the album in Avron's home recording studio over a period of three months in 2011.", "Handloading __knowledge__ Handloading or reloading is the process of loading firearm cartridges or shotgun shells by assembling the individual components (case/hull, primer, powder, and bullet/shot), rather than purchasing completely assembled, factory-loaded ammunition.", "Handloading __knowledge__ The term \"handloading\" is the more general term, as it refers to assembly of ammunition using components from any source.", "Handloading __knowledge__ \"Reloading\" refers more specifically to the assembly of ammunition re-using cases or shells from previously fired ammunition.", "Handloading __knowledge__ The terms are often used interchangeably, as the techniques are largely the same whether using new or previously fired components.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade." ] ]

[ 12, 5, 0 ]

[ "I really like Italian food, it's very Mediterranean.", "I pretty much like all of it, it offers loads of taste and is popular around the world.", "What about Thai food? I know its unique to Thailand but have never tried it." ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine" ]

[ "Steak", "Steaks are amazing on the grill with some KerryGold butter! And I like mushrooms with mine as well.", "I never seem to get them right that way, they are either too rare or too well done. I like a nice medium, how about you?", "Steak is the only thing that I like medium. All the rest, including hamburgers, I want well done. And I didn't until just about 10 years ago." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Ornua __knowledge__ Ornua from the Irish \"Ór Nua\" meaning \"new gold\" (previously known as The Irish Dairy Board) is an Irish agri-food co-operative, which markets and sells dairy products on behalf of its members; Irish dairy processors and Irish dairy farmers.", "Ornua __knowledge__ The co-operative is Ireland’s largest exporter of Irish dairy products and owns the Kerrygold butter brand as well as Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur.", "Ornua __knowledge__ In conjunction to the Kerrygold brand, its brand portfolio consists of Pilgrims Choice, Dubliner, Shannongold, and BEO milk powder.", "Ornua __knowledge__ On 31 March 2015, Ornua transformed its corporate identity from the Irish Dairy Board to Ornua – The Home of Irish Dairy.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur is an Irish cream, Irish whiskey, and chocolate based liqueur produced in Ireland by Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur Limited.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ It was first introduced in the US in 2014 and the trademark is owned by Kerrygold under Ornua, previously known as the Irish Dairy Board.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ It has a declared alcohol content of 17% alcohol by volume.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ Infinium Spirits is the exclusive U.S. importer of Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ In the early 2010s, the Irish Dairy Board approached the design agency Dynamo to develop and promote a cream liquor using their products.", "Kerrygold Irish Cream Liqueur __knowledge__ The product was intended to capitalize on Kerrygold's brand as a dairy producer and to compete with the popular Bailey's Irish Cream.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ Sautéed mushrooms (French: \"Champignons sautés au beurre\") is a flavorful dish prepared by sautéing edible mushrooms.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ It is served as a side dish, used as an ingredient in dishes such as coq au vin and beef bourguignon, in foods such as duxelles, as a topping for steaks and toast, and also as a garnish.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ Sautéed mushrooms is a common dish prepared by the sautéing of sliced or whole edible mushrooms.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ Butter is typically used when sautéing the dish, and margarine and cooking oils such as olive oil and canola oil are also used.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ Clarified butter can be used, as can a mixture of oil and butter.", "Sautéed mushrooms __knowledge__ The dish is typically cooked for over a high heat until the mushrooms are browned, with the oil or butter being very hot in a pan before the mushrooms are added.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ Old Ebbitt Grill is a historic bar and restaurant located at 675 15th Street NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ It is Washington's oldest bar and restaurant, and as of 2012 was owned by Clyde's Restaurant Group.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ It opened as an unnamed restaurant in the Ebbitt House Hotel.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ The Hotel distinguished itself as the first hotel in Washington to remain open all summer instead of closing when Congress adjourned.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ In 1827 the Hotel was razed and rebuilt in the same location.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ Ebbitt House Hotel was razed in 1925 to make way for the National Press Building, built in 1926.", "Old Ebbitt Grill __knowledge__ The restaurant was incorporated by Anders Lofstrand, Sr., as a stand-alone business.", "Beefsteak Club __knowledge__ Beefsteak Club is the name or nickname of several 18th and 19th-century male dining clubs that celebrated the beefsteak as a symbol of patriotic and often Whig concepts of liberty and prosperity.", "Beefsteak Club __knowledge__ The first beefsteak club was founded about 1705 in London by the actor Richard Estcourt and others in the arts and politics.", "Beefsteak Club __knowledge__ This club flourished for less than a decade.", "Beefsteak Club __knowledge__ The Sublime Society of Beef Steaks was established in 1735 by another performer, John Rich, at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, where he was then manager, and George Lambert, his scenic artist, with two dozen members of the theatre and arts community (Samuel Johnson joined in 1780).", "Beefsteak (banquet) __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a type of banquet in which sliced beef tenderloin is served to diners as all-you-can-eat finger food.", "Beefsteak (banquet) __knowledge__ The dining style originated in 19th-century New York City as a type of working-class celebration but went into a decline in the mid-20th century.", "Beefsteak (banquet) __knowledge__ Resurrected by caterers in New Jersey, the beefsteak banquet style is now popular in that state's Bergen and Passaic counties, and is enjoying a revival in New York City, where the style originated, due to the reemergence of a biannual beefsteak in Brooklyn.", "Beefsteak (banquet) __knowledge__ Beefsteak banquets originated among the working class of New York City in the mid-1800s as celebratory meals or \"testimonials\".", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Beefsteak Charlie's __knowledge__ Beefsteak Charlie's was a well-known Manhattan restaurant in the early 20th century, and later a restaurant chain based in the New York metropolitan area, which grew to over 60 locations in the early 1980s.", "Beefsteak Charlie's __knowledge__ Charles W. Chessar was a New York City restaurateur who was nicknamed \"Beefsteak Charlie\" by Howard Williams, a sports editor for the New York Morning Telegraph.", "Beefsteak Charlie's __knowledge__ Chessar opened his first restaurant around 1910, and moved to 50th Street between Broadway and Eighth Avenue in 1914, which he operated until 1934.", "Beefsteak Charlie's __knowledge__ The restaurant was filled with horse racing photographs and frequented by sports enthusiasts, and the specialty of the house was a steak sandwich.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The French Resistance () was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The men and women of the Resistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of steak dishes.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Steak is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak may also be referred to as steak.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ Ground beef, beef mince, minced beef, and minced meat (not to be confused with the mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits and spices referred to as \"mincemeat\"), is a ground meat made of beef that has been finely chopped with a large knife or a meat grinder.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ It is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti bolognese.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, meat grinders are called mincers.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In many countries, food laws define specific categories of ground beef and what they can contain.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, beef fat may be added to hamburger but not to ground beef if the meat is ground and packaged at a USDA-inspected plant.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ \"\" is a Nintendo DS video game developed by Shu Takumi in 2010.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Like Takumi's other works, \"Ghost Trick\" has a strong emphasis on characters, while the plot's central theme is death and mystery.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ It stars Sissel, a ghost who is attempting to recover his memories.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Other major characters include Lynne, who acts as a sidekick to Sissel, and is seeking to uncover a mystery of 10 years ago; Jowd, a detective who is accused of murdering his wife; Kamila, the daughter of Jowd; Missile, a Pomeranian who, after dying, chooses to stay dead so that he can protect his owner Kamila; Ray, a ghost who inhabits a desk lamp and initiates Sissel's journey; Cabanela, a detective and friend of Jowd who enjoys dancing; The pigeon man, the superintendent of the junkyard where the game begins; The justice minister, a man who the protagonists beseech to stay Jowd's execution; Yomiel, a ghost who seeks revenge for the events of 10 years ago; and the antagonists, an unidentified organization from a foreign country who seek to kill anyone involved in the events of 10 years ago.", "Doneness __knowledge__ Doneness is a gauge of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is based on the color, juiciness and internal temperature when cooked.", "Doneness __knowledge__ The gradations of cooking are most often used in reference to beef (especially steak and roasts) but are also applicable to lamb, pork, poultry, veal and seafood (especially fish).", "Doneness __knowledge__ Gradations, their description, and the associated temperature ranges vary regionally from cuisine to cuisine and in local practice and terminology.", "Doneness __knowledge__ For steaks, common gradations include \"rare\", \"medium rare\", \"medium\", \"medium well\" and \"well done\".", "Doneness __knowledge__ The United States Department of Agriculture recommends an internal temperature of at least for cuts of beef, veal, and lamb in order to prevent foodborne illness, and warns that color and texture indicators are not reliable.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ P.C.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ Richard & Son, commonly known as simply P.C.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ Richard, is the largest chain of private, family-owned appliance, television, electronics, and mattress stores in the United States.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ Its stores are located in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, with the majority of the stores located on Long Island and in the New York City boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ The company is also known for its trademark whistle jingle created by Soundsmith worker Leer Leary.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ It is used by the New York Yankees after striking out an opposing batter at Yankee Stadium.", "P. C. Richard & Son __knowledge__ In 1909, Pieter Christian Richard, who left Holland in 1899, opened a small hardware store in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn (“\"Work Well Done\"” 14).", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ Well Done Abba is a 2009 Indian political satire Hindi film directed by Shyam Benegal, starring Boman Irani, Minissha Lamba and Sameer Dattani in pivotal roles.", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ It is the remake of the 2007 Marathi film, Jau Tithe Khau.", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ It was based on three short stories: \"Narsaiyyan Ki Bavdi\" by Jeelani Bano, \"Phulwa Ka Pul\" by Sanjeev and \"Still Waters\" by Jayant Kripalani.", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Jayant Kripalani and Ashok Mishra, who also wrote the dialogues.", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ It won the 2009 National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues.", "Well Done Abba __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Armaan Ali (Boman Irani), a Muslim driver working in Mumbai, who takes a one-month leave from his employer to find a groom for his daughter Muskaan (Minissha Lamba), who lives in a village near Hyderabad, India.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Theodore Hardeen __knowledge__ Theodore \"Dash\" Hardeen (born Ferenc Dezső Weisz; March 4, 1876 – June 12, 1945), known simply as Hardeen, was a Hungarian magician and escape artist who was the younger brother of Harry Houdini.", "Theodore Hardeen __knowledge__ Hardeen, who usually billed himself as the \"brother of Houdini\", was the founder of the Magician's Guild.", "Theodore Hardeen __knowledge__ Hardeen was the first magician to conceive escaping from a submerged straitjacket in full view of the audience, rather than behind a curtain.", "Theodore Hardeen __knowledge__ Hardeen was born as \"Ferenc Dezső Weisz\" (or \"Ferencz Dezso Weisz\") in Budapest, Austria-Hungary and went by the name \"Theodore Weiss\" when he and his family were living in Appleton, Wisconsin.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is a major meat in only a few countries, notably in Central Asia, but it forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many others, from Europe to South America to Asia.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ The top eight countries consume about 4.7 million horses a year.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is slightly sweet, tender and low in fat.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Because of the role horses have played as companions and as workers, and ensuing concerns about the ethics of the horse slaughter process, it is a taboo food in some cultures, for example the Romani, whose culture contains a rich history of equine husbandry." ] ]

[ 3, 5, 0, 4 ]

[ "I absolutely love steak. Especially beefsteak.", "Yes I prefer my steaks on the grill, but I also enjoy them pan fried or broiled.", "Well done only! Although I did have medium well one time and it wasn't bad. I just prefer well done, and that's with all meats for me.", "Do you like fish steaks or pork steaks? I'm not much for fish steaks, or pork steaks even. I love the beef haha" ]

[ "Steak", "Steak", "Steak", "Steak" ]

[ "Twelfth grade", "We've just gotten past that same time here. One of my friend's daughter just got her diploma. Now she wants a car!", "Same here. Of course many then aspire to go off to University. Unfortunately, the costs are skyrocketing while the quality is sagging." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In most countries students then graduate at age 17–18.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade/year at all.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In Australia, the twelfth grade is referred to as Year 12.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, students are usually 16 or 17 years old when they enter Year 12 and 17–18 years during graduation (end of year).", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ A majority of students in Year 12 work towards getting an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank) or OP (Overall Position, which applies only to students in the state of Queensland), which will allow them access to courses at university.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In South Australia, this is achieved by completing the SACE; in Victoria, this is achieved by completing the VCE; in the Australian Capital Territory, this is achieved by completing the AST and in New South Wales this is achieved by completing the HSC.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, when completing the [HSC], students are required to satisfactorily complete at least 10 units of study in ATAR courses which must include: Some Year 12s may receive a Year 12 Jersey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In most countries students then graduate at age 17–18.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade/year at all.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In Australia, the twelfth grade is referred to as Year 12.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, students are usually 16 or 17 years old when they enter Year 12 and 17–18 years during graduation (end of year).", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ A majority of students in Year 12 work towards getting an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank) or OP (Overall Position, which applies only to students in the state of Queensland), which will allow them access to courses at university.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In South Australia, this is achieved by completing the SACE; in Victoria, this is achieved by completing the VCE; in the Australian Capital Territory, this is achieved by completing the AST and in New South Wales this is achieved by completing the HSC.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, when completing the [HSC], students are required to satisfactorily complete at least 10 units of study in ATAR courses which must include: Some Year 12s may receive a Year 12 Jersey.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ \"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher) – the estranged son of established character Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), who made his first appearance in early January.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ Shortly following, in late January, was the younger sister of Porsche (Twinnie Lee Moore) and Celine McQueen (Sarah George), Cleo (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Prior to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated illiteracy rate well above 90% and compared poorly with the rest of Africa in the provision of schools and universities.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ After 1974 revolution, emphasis was placed on increasing literacy in rural areas.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Practical subjects were stressed, as was the teaching of socialism.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ By 2015, the literacy rate had increased to 49.1%, though this is still poor compared to most of the rest of Africa.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Recently, there has been massive expansion throughout the educational system.", "Ontario Academic Credit __knowledge__ The Ontario Academic Credit or OAC ( or ) was a fifth year of secondary school education that previously existed in the province of Ontario, Canada, designed for students preparing for post-secondary education.", "Ontario Academic Credit __knowledge__ The OAC curriculum was codified by the Ontario Ministry of Education in \"Ontario Schools: Intermediate and Senior\" (OS:IS) and its revisions.", "Ontario Academic Credit __knowledge__ The Ontario education system had five years of secondary education, known as Grade 13 from 1921 to 1988; grade 13 was replaced by OAC for students starting high school (grade 9) in 1984.", "Ontario Academic Credit __knowledge__ OAC continued to act as a fifth year of secondary education until it was phased out in 2003.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "High school diploma __knowledge__ A high school diploma is a North American academic school leaving qualification awarded upon high school graduation.", "High school diploma __knowledge__ The high school diploma is typically studied for over the course of four years, from Grade 9 to Grade 12.", "High school diploma __knowledge__ The diploma is typically awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government.", "High school diploma __knowledge__ Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation.", "High school diploma __knowledge__ Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In most countries students then graduate at age 17–18.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade/year at all.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In Australia, the twelfth grade is referred to as Year 12.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, students are usually 16 or 17 years old when they enter Year 12 and 17–18 years during graduation (end of year).", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ A majority of students in Year 12 work towards getting an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank) or OP (Overall Position, which applies only to students in the state of Queensland), which will allow them access to courses at university.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In South Australia, this is achieved by completing the SACE; in Victoria, this is achieved by completing the VCE; in the Australian Capital Territory, this is achieved by completing the AST and in New South Wales this is achieved by completing the HSC.", "Twelfth grade __knowledge__ In New South Wales, when completing the [HSC], students are required to satisfactorily complete at least 10 units of study in ATAR courses which must include: Some Year 12s may receive a Year 12 Jersey.", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ Sagging is a manner of wearing trousers or jeans which so that the top of the trousers or jeans are significantly below the waist, sometimes revealing much of the underwear.", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ Sagging is predominantly a male fashion.", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ Women's wearing of low-rise jeans to reveal their G-string underwear (the \"whale tail\") is not generally described as sagging.", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ A person wearing sagging trousers is sometimes called a \"sagger\", and in some countries this practice is known as \"low-riding\".", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ It has become popular since the popularity of wearing brightly colored and patterned \"boxer shorts\".", "Sagging (fashion) __knowledge__ Sagging first peaked in popularity during the 1990s and remained popular into the mid 2000s, but it has recently made a comeback in the 2010s, with celebrities like Justin Bieber, Liam Payne, Ross Lynch and more bringing back the fashion trend.", "Ptosis (breasts) __knowledge__ Female breast ptosis or sagging is a natural consequence of aging.", "Ptosis (breasts) __knowledge__ The rate at which a woman's breasts droop and the degree of ptosis depends on many factors.", "Ptosis (breasts) __knowledge__ The key factors influencing breast ptosis over a woman's lifetime are cigarette smoking, her number of pregnancies, gravity, higher body mass index, larger bra cup size, and significant weight gain and loss.", "Ptosis (breasts) __knowledge__ Post-menopausal women or people with collagen deficiencies (such as ehlers-danlos) may experience increased ptosis due to a loss of skin elasticity.", "Ptosis (breasts) __knowledge__ Many women and medical professionals mistakenly believe that breastfeeding increases sagging.", "Acer Aspire __knowledge__ Acer Aspire (stylized as Λspire or ΛSPIRE) is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at the casual household user or for small business use.", "Acer Aspire __knowledge__ The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops.", "Acer Aspire __knowledge__ Acer developed the series to range from essentials to high performance.", "Acer Aspire __knowledge__ The Aspire mainly competes against computers such as Asus' Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion and Envy, Lenovo's IdeaPad and Toshiba's Satellite.", "Acer Aspire __knowledge__ The Aspire series was first brought to the market in 1999 when the Aspire 1151 was introduced and featured a 200 MHz Intel Pentium.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized planned economy focused on import substitution under President Gamal Abdel Nasser.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatization and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 8% annually between 2004 and 2009 but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment.", "Mastopexy __knowledge__ Mastopexy (Greek μαστός \"mastos\" “breast” + -pēxiā “affix”) is the plastic surgery mammoplasty procedure for raising sagging breasts upon the chest of the woman; by changing and modifying the size, contour, and elevation of the breasts.", "Mastopexy __knowledge__ In a breast-lift surgery to re-establish an aesthetically proportionate bust for the woman, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity of the breasts for lactation and breast-feeding.", "Mastopexy __knowledge__ The breast-lift correction of a sagging bust is a surgical operation that cuts and removes excess tissues (glandular, adipose, skin), overstretched suspensory ligaments, excess skin from the skin-envelope, and transposes the nipple-areola complex higher upon the breast hemisphere.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Acer Aspire One is a diverse line of netbooks released in July 2008 by Acer Inc.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Many characteristics of a particular model of Acer Aspire One are dictated by the CPU platform chosen.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Initial models were based on the Intel Atoms.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Later, models with various AMD chips were introduced.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Newer versions of the Atom were adopted as well.", "Acer Aspire One __knowledge__ Early versions were based on the Intel Atom platform, which consists of the Intel Atom processor, Intel 945GSE Express chipset and Intel 82801GBM (ICH7M) I/O controller, and is available in several shell colors: seashell white, sapphire blue, golden brown, onyx black, and coral pink.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ Bangalore University Task Force on Teacher Education (simply known as BU Task Force) is a high-power committee constituted in May 2012 to inspect the quality and functioning of teacher education colleges under Bangalore University.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ The Task Force, chaired by the University's Academic Council member Mr. H. Karan Kumar, submitted an interim report on the quality & functioning of 7 M.Ed.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ Colleges during August 2012, which was unanimously accepted by the Academic Council in its meeting held on 29 August 2012.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ The Task Force recommended that the admission of students to all the 7 M.Ed.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ colleges be suspended for the academic year 2012 - 13.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha)\" is a song by British singer and songwriter Charli XCX taken from her major label debut studio album, \"True Romance\" (2013).", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's 4th single in February 2013, along with several remixes.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ A music video for the song was released on YouTube on 10 January 2013.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha) relies heavily on a sample of Gold Panda's single \"You\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sample provides \"psychedelic loops\" to the track, that contains \"maddening trance and haunted-house echoes\" and\"aural flourishes\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sound of the single has been described as a \"combination of UK electro and saccharine vocals\".", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ Ha Ha Tonka, formerly known as Amsterband (they officially changed their name on May 13, 2007), are a band originally formed in West Plains, Missouri and currently signed to Bloodshot Records out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after Ha Ha Tonka State Park in Camdenton, Missouri.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ After signing to Bloodshot Records, \"Buckle in the Bible Belt\" was released on September 11, 2007.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ \"St. Nick on the Fourth in a Fervor\" released as the first single from that album.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band's website says that their \"dark view of the realities of socio-economic hardship, backwoods prejudices and drug abuse is leavened by wry humor and a deep appreciation for regional storytelling traditions.\"", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 119th overall season, 80th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 22nd within the SEC Western Division.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his seventh year, and played its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of eleven wins and two losses (11–2 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and with a loss in the 2014 Sugar Bowl to Oklahoma.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game is the 37th book in the \"Hank the Cowdog\" series The case starts on a subplot in the evening when Loper comes home from ranch work early to cook dinner for his family.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Pete the cat has convinced Hank that he should enter the yard and try Pete's cat food.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Hank enters the yard, but is quickly distracted by the smell of the steaks that Loper is cooking on the barbecue grill.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ He, Drover and Pete get into a tugging match in the yard with one of the steaks, and are saved only when Little Alfred comes along, takes it back, and throws them all out of the yard, then puts the steak back with the others.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Vietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 3 is the third season of \"Vietnam's Next Top Model\".", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ The season premiered on August 19, 2012 on VTV3.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Among the pries was a 2-year modeling contract with BeU Model Management worth 1,000,000,000₫ (approximately $50,000), a $100,000 cash prize, a cover in Cosmopolitan magazine worth 200,000,000₫, a 2-year VIP Diamond Membership card at California Fitness & Yoga Center worth 300,000,000₫, a 1 year gift from Shiseido cosmetic and a short training course in Tokyo sponsored by Shiseido.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Mai Thị Giang from Hải Phòng.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Cao Thi Thien Trang will compete in the All-stars season of this series, where she finished 4th/5th place.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Natalie Rose Gauci (born 26 November 1981) is an Australian musician, producer and teacher.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Gauci undertook music tuition at the Victorian College of the Arts, formed her own band that played gigs in Melbourne, while also working as a music teacher.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ After an appearance on national radio station Triple J's talent contest, \"Unearthed\", she successfully auditioned for the fifth series of \"Australian Idol\" in 2007 and went on to win the series.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Gauci subsequently signed a record deal with Sony BMG Australia and in November that year released her debut single, \"Here I Am\", which reached number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and gained a gold accreditation." ] ]

[ 0, 73, 56 ]

[ "It's grauation time where I live; students are completing their grade 12 year and getting their diplomas. ", "I guess that is the next logical step, ha ha! Most students complete their diploma in 4 years here, how about you?", "Yes, university has gotten so expenssive. A medical school education now costs over a hundred thousand dollars. " ]

[ "Twelfth grade", "Twelfth grade", "Twelfth grade" ]

[ "Dog", "I have two dogs, one is a pet companion and the other is not a pet but a livestock guard dog", "Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and known as mans best friend", "Some people have therapy dogs that help with physical and emotional handicaps", "In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ A livestock guardian dog (LGD) is a type of pastoral dog bred for the purpose of protecting livestock from predators.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Unlike the often smaller herding dogs that control the movement of the livestock, LGDs blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ The mere presence of a guardian dog is usually enough to ward off some predators, and LGDs will confront predators by vocal intimidation, barking, and displaying very aggressive behavior.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ A guard dog or watch dog (not to be confused with the attack dog) is a dog used to guard against, and watch for unwanted or unexpected people or animals.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The dog is discriminating so that it does not annoy or attack familiar people.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Both guard dogs and watchdogs bark loudly to alert their owners of an intruder's presence and to scare away the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The watch dog's function ends here; a guard dog is capable of attacking, or restraining the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs are often large enough, 100-200 lbs and strong enough to attack and drive away livestock predators such as wolves.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Some smaller breeds (such as Keeshond and Tibetan Terrier) are excellent watchdogs but not guard dogs because they bark loudly to alert their masters of intruders but are physically small and not given to assertive behavior.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad: A Dog is a 1919 American novel written by Albert Payson Terhune and published by E. P. Dutton.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Composed of twelve short stories first published in magazines, the novel is based on the life of Terhune's real-life rough collie, Lad.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Born in 1902, the real-life Lad was an unregistered collie of unknown lineage originally owned by Terhune's father.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad's death in 1918 was mourned by many of the story's fans, particularly children.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Through the stories of Lad's adventures, Terhune expresses his views on parenting, obtaining perfect obedience without force, and the nature and rights of the \"well-bred\".", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ The Maltipoo is a cross-breed/hybrid dog obtained by breeding a Maltese and a toy or Miniature Poodle.", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ The Maltipoo is a small dog, commonly weighing between 2 to 10 pounds and standing 4 to 9 inches high at the shoulder.", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ It comes in a wide variety of colors, including black, white, brown, peach, gray, and fawn.", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ Many Maltipoos are bicolor, with a mix of white and another color on their bodies.", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ Their noses can also be black or pink.Maltipoos shed little.", "Maltipoo __knowledge__ They're considered good for allergy sufferers, but there's no such thing as a truly hypoallergenic dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The Miniature Fox Terrier is a small, fine, lightweight working terrier developed as a hunting dog and vermin router.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ It is known colloquially in its native Australia as the “Mini Foxie”.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ A balanced, smoothly-muscled dog breed, the Miniature Fox Terrier has a small sized, distinctive head with erectile ears that can stand straight up or fold at the tips.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ Another distinguishing feature is its articulate, oval-shaped foot - a feature found in very few small breeds of dog.", "Miniature Fox Terrier __knowledge__ The breed standard has always allowed for the dog's tail to be docked or undocked, however owners need to be aware of and obey local laws in this regard.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST-PARK" __knowledge__ The Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone \"INVEST - PARK\" has been established based on the Ordinance by the Polish Council of Ministers dated 15 April 1997 and will operate until December 31, 2020.", "Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST-PARK" __knowledge__ It is situated in south-west Poland in Dolnoslaskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie voivodship.", "Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST-PARK" __knowledge__ The WSEZ ”INVEST-PARK” consists of 41 subzones located mainly in Lower Silesia Province, as well as Wielkopolskie, Opolskie and Lubuskie provinces.", "Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST-PARK" __knowledge__ The total area of the WSEZ “INVEST-PARK” is .", "Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST-PARK" __knowledge__ The Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone \"INVEST - PARK is situated in south-west Poland in dolnoslaskie, opolskie, wielkopolskie and lubuskie voivodship.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ Mizoram is a region in India.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ Its folk music consists of vocals (singing) accompanied by traditional drums, gong and other native percussion instruments.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ There is also a long history of flute-playing which is now defunct.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ The drums are made from a hollow tree trunk with membrane made from cow hide and the gongs, made of brass, are very similar to those found in Myanmar.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ It is difficult to trace the origin, and to arrange the chronological sequences of the heritage of Mizo Music.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ However, some couplets were developed during the settlement of Thantlang in Burma, estimated between 1300-1400 AD.", "Mizo music __knowledge__ As recorded by B. Lalthangliana, the folk songs developed during this period were dar hla (songs on gong); Bawh hla (War chants), Hlado (Chants of hunting); Nauawih hla (Cradle songs) A greater development of songs can be seen from the settlement of Lentlang in Burma, estimated between late 15th to 17th Century AD.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Dog training __knowledge__ Dog training is the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the behavior of a dog, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.", "Dog training __knowledge__ While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.", "Dog training __knowledge__ A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment.", "Dog training __knowledge__ This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence.", "B. F. Skinner __knowledge__ Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.", "B. F. Skinner __knowledge__ He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.", "B. F. Skinner __knowledge__ Skinner considered free will an illusion and human action dependent on consequences of previous actions.", "B. F. Skinner __knowledge__ If the consequences are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated become stronger.", "B. F. Skinner __knowledge__ Skinner called this the principle of reinforcement.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 1) __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes from the first season of \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "Deadliest Warrior (season 1) __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 1) __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 1) __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "Deadliest Warrior (season 1) __knowledge__ Apache Team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache Weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache Armor: Rawhide Shield Apache Statistics: \"Height\": 5 Feet 7 Inches, \"Weight\": 140 Pounds, \"Armor\": None, \"Gear\": 10 Pounds Gladiator Team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator Weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator Armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator Statistics: \"Height\": 5 Feet 8 Inches, \"Weight\": 185 Pounds, \"Armor\": Bronze, \"Gear\": 10-38 Pounds The warriors encounter each other in a grassy field.", "Siege of Buda (1849) __knowledge__ The Siege of Buda () was the siege of the Buda castle, part of the twin capital cities of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Hungarian revolutionary army led by General Artúr Görgei, during the Hungarian War of Independence.", "Siege of Buda (1849) __knowledge__ It was part of the Spring Campaign, fought between 4 and 21 May 1849 and ended with the Hungarian capture of the castle by assault on 21 May.", "Siege of Buda (1849) __knowledge__ Actually it was the only fortress in the 1848-1849 Hungarian Freedom War, which was taken by the assault of the besieging troops of any of the fighting parts, the others being taken only after agreements between the besiegers and the besieged, with the capitulation of the latters, the capture of Buda on 21 May 1849 by assault being the only exception from this.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ The 2017 Baltimore Orioles season was the 117th season in Baltimore Orioles franchise history, the 64th in Baltimore, and the 26th at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were attempting to match or improve on their 2016 record of 89–73, when they finished tied for 2nd place in the AL East and lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the Wild Card Game, but failed with their 74th loss on September 12.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were eliminated from AL East contention with their September 18 loss to the Boston Red Sox, behind the division leading Red Sox.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were entirely eliminated from post season contentions on September 23, behind the Minnestoa Twins for the 2nd AL Wild Card spot.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The Carolina Crusher was one of the most powerful winter storms on record in parts of North Carolina.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The storm hit Central Virginia on January 25, 2000 causing thousands of power outages within the area leaving 11 inches in Richmond, VA and 20.3 inches in Raleigh-Durham International Airport before moving out to the Atlantic.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The storm occurred during a mild winter with below-average snowfall across much of the East Coast.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The major storm portion began on Friday January 21st; snow started falling on Wednesday.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ At the time many computer models suggested an area of low pressure would develop and track up the East Coast after getting energy from another low pressure system in Canada.", "2016 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ The 2016 Baltimore Orioles season was the 116th season in franchise history, the 63rd in Baltimore, and the 25th at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.", "2016 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They improved on their 2015 record of 81–81 (.500).", "2016 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They ensured this by winning their 82nd game on September 18 against the last place Tampa Bay Rays.", "2016 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were eliminated from division contention on September 24, 7 games behind the AL East leading Boston Red Sox, who would go on to clinch the division on September 28.", "2016 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They would advance to the playoffs on the last day of the season, October 2, where they lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the American League Wild Card Game 5–2 in 11 innings; this was the Orioles' third postseason appearance in five years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ A therapy dog is a dog that might be trained to provide affection, comfort and love to people in hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, hospices, disaster areas, and to people with anxiety disorders or autism.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ Therapy dogs are usually not assistance or service dogs, but can be one or both with some organizations.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ In the U.S., therapy dogs are not service animals and are not afforded the same privileges as service animals are.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ The systematic use of therapy dogs is attributed to Elaine Smith, who worked as a registered nurse.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ Smith noticed how well patients responded to visits by a chaplain and his Golden Retriever.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ John J. Ensminger is an American attorney and a national consultant on legal issues involving skilled dogs and their handlers.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is author of the books: \"Service and Therapy Dogs in American Society: Science, Law and the Evolution of Canine Caregivers\", and \"Police and Military Dogs: Criminal Detection, Forensic Evidence, and Judicial Admissibility\".", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is editor of \"The Complete Book of Dogs\", editor of and contributor to \"Canine Olfaction Science and Law: Advances in Forensic Science, Medicine, Conservation, and Environmental Remediation\", editor of \"Money Laundering, Terrorism and Financial Institutions\", a treatise which he updates monthly with a newsletter as an information service to attorneys covering laws, regulations and compliance issues surrounding the USA PATRIOT Act, a contributor to GPSolo Magazine, and \"Tax Notes\" as well as a contributing editor on canine legal issues which may be found on the website of the Animal Legal and Historical Center of Michigan State University.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ In general, an assistance dog is trained to aid or assist an individual with a disability.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Many are trained by an assistance dog organization, or by their handler, often with the help of a professional trainer.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Assistance dogs fall into two broad categories: service dogs and facility dogs.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Service dogs are defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act as dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ State and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas of the facility where the public is normally allowed to go.", "Grief therapy dog __knowledge__ A grief therapy dog (also known as an emotional support dog, companion dog, or comfort dog) is a form of animal-assisted therapy.", "Grief therapy dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been proven to be able to assist people in overcoming grief, which has led to a recent rise in the use of therapy dogs; although animal-assisted therapy theory has been around since World War II.", "Grief therapy dog __knowledge__ Grief therapy dogs can be found in locations such as funeral homes, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, and hospices, and may provide support in situations such as funeral services, counseling sessions, and disaster relief.", "Grief therapy dog __knowledge__ Popular breeds used as therapy dogs include the Portuguese Water Dog, Bernese Mountain Dog, St. Bernard, and Golden Retriever.", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapy is a non verbal approach to the person using instruments and music in general, the use of interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapy is one of the expressive therapies, consisting of a process in which a music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients improve their physical and mental health.", "Music therapy __knowledge__ Music therapists primarily help clients improve their health in several domains, such as cognitive functioning, motor skills, emotional development, social skills, and quality of life by using both active and passive music experiences such as free improvisation, song, dance, listening, and discussion of music to achieve treatment goals.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The Care Bears are a group of characters created by the U.S. greeting card company American Greetings in 1981.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The title characters originally appeared in card artwork by Elena Kucharik, before branching out into various media and merchandise.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The franchise launched in 1982 with ten title characters, and in 1984 added several more characters known as the Care Bear Cousins.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Each of the Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins has a \"tummy symbol\" — a picture or pattern that indicates the role or specialty of the character bearing it.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Beginning with \"\", \"tummy symbols\" are sometimes referred to as \"belly badges.\"", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ This article contains detailed descriptions of characters of the teen sci-fi TV show \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Like many other soaps the series had a large number of characters that increased as the series progressed.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Most of the main characters were members of the Mall Rats at one point or another.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice, played by Vanessa Stacey, is a member of the Mall Rats on the television series \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She originally was the leader of the Farm Girls.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She appears in episodes 132, 203 - 352, 547 - 548, 551.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice is fun loving and can be rowdy, but deep down she is kind and sensitive and has wisdom.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She is angry at injustice and has a hot temper.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For characters exclusive to the \"DuckTales\" franchise, see List of \"DuckTales\" characters.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This section contains a list of characters with the surname \"Duck\" who are not related to Donald.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ As Don Rosa explained, \"Duck\" is an common name in Duckburg (just as \"Smith\" or \"Jones\" are common in the real-life United States) and does not necessarily identify a blood relation of Donald.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement, is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ The adjective derived from \"heterosis\" is heterotic.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ An offspring exhibits heterosis if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ These effects can be due to Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ In proposing the term \"heterosis\" to replace the older term heterozygosis, G.H.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ Shull aimed to avoid limiting the term to the effects that can be explained by heterozygosity in Mendelian inheritance.", "Heterosis __knowledge__ Heterosis is often discussed as the opposite of inbreeding depression although differences in these two concepts can be seen in evolutionary considerations such as the role of genetic variation or the effects of genetic drift in small populations on these concepts.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ The Livestock Conservancy, formerly known as the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and prior to that, the American Minor Breeds Conservancy, is a nonprofit organization focused on preserving and promoting rare breeds, also known as \"heritage breeds\" of livestock.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ Founded in 1977, through the efforts of livestock breed enthusiasts concerned about the disappearance of many of the US's heritage livestock breeds, the Conservancy was the pioneer livestock preservation organization in the United States, and remains a leading organization in that field.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ It has initiated programs that have saved multiple breeds from extinction, and works closely with similar organizations in other countries, including Rare Breeds Canada.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ A therapy dog is a dog that might be trained to provide affection, comfort and love to people in hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, hospices, disaster areas, and to people with anxiety disorders or autism.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ Therapy dogs are usually not assistance or service dogs, but can be one or both with some organizations.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ In the U.S., therapy dogs are not service animals and are not afforded the same privileges as service animals are.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ The systematic use of therapy dogs is attributed to Elaine Smith, who worked as a registered nurse.", "Therapy dog __knowledge__ Smith noticed how well patients responded to visits by a chaplain and his Golden Retriever.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ John J. Ensminger is an American attorney and a national consultant on legal issues involving skilled dogs and their handlers.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is author of the books: \"Service and Therapy Dogs in American Society: Science, Law and the Evolution of Canine Caregivers\", and \"Police and Military Dogs: Criminal Detection, Forensic Evidence, and Judicial Admissibility\".", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is editor of \"The Complete Book of Dogs\", editor of and contributor to \"Canine Olfaction Science and Law: Advances in Forensic Science, Medicine, Conservation, and Environmental Remediation\", editor of \"Money Laundering, Terrorism and Financial Institutions\", a treatise which he updates monthly with a newsletter as an information service to attorneys covering laws, regulations and compliance issues surrounding the USA PATRIOT Act, a contributor to GPSolo Magazine, and \"Tax Notes\" as well as a contributing editor on canine legal issues which may be found on the website of the Animal Legal and Historical Center of Michigan State University.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ In general, an assistance dog is trained to aid or assist an individual with a disability.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Many are trained by an assistance dog organization, or by their handler, often with the help of a professional trainer.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Assistance dogs fall into two broad categories: service dogs and facility dogs.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ Service dogs are defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act as dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities.", "Assistance dog __knowledge__ State and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas of the facility where the public is normally allowed to go.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Guiding Eyes for the Blind is one of eleven accredited schools in the U.S. for training guide dogs — dogs trained to lead the blind and visually impaired.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ With its headquarters, training center and veterinary clinic in Yorktown Heights, New York, Guiding Eyes also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York and a training site in White Plains, New York.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ The school offers a program designed for blind and visually impaired students with additional developmental or physical challenges, such as deafness or seizure disorders.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Dogs and staff are specifically selected and receive extra training to enable them to assist these students.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ Canine Companions for Independence (CCI) is a US-based 501(c)(3) (non-profit) organization that trains and provides assistance dogs.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ As of April 2017, it has sponsored and trained over 5,000 dogs.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ Canine Companions for Independence was founded in Santa Rosa, California in July 1975 by Bonnie Bergin as the first program of its kind.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ While teaching in Asia, she had seen burros being used by disabled people and thought that dogs could serve a similar role in the US.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ Since then, it has grown to a national organization with six regions.", "Canine Companions for Independence __knowledge__ The organization pairs people with disabilities (other than blindness) with highly trained assistance dogs and ongoing support at no cost to the recipient." ] ]

[ 6, 40, 0, 10, 40 ]

[ "Do you have a dog? Mine is a very small sized one, and white in color, she is a MaltiPoo", "My dog could not guard, she is between 2 and 10 pounds and is maybe 9 inches tallhaha", "My dog is not quite my best friend, but she sure does cheer me up a ton!", "Therapy dogs are usually not the same as assistance or service dogs, but I bet they help just as much!", "Therapy dogs are usually not the same as assistance or service dogs, but I bet they help just as much!" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Rose", "What is the most popular variety of rose?", "They smell fantastic - my grandmother raised them. I wonder what gives them their distinctive scent?", "I have seen so many colors of rose - I wonder how many different colors they have been able to produce by cross-breeding?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Variety show __knowledge__ Variety shows, also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts including musical performances, sketch comedy, magic, acrobatics, juggling, and ventriloquism.", "Variety show __knowledge__ It is normally introduced by a compère (master of ceremonies) or host.", "Variety show __knowledge__ The variety format made its way from Victorian era stage to radio and then television.", "Variety show __knowledge__ Variety shows were a staple of anglophone television from the late 1940s into the 1980s.", "Variety show __knowledge__ While still widespread in some parts of the world, the proliferation of multichannel television and evolving viewer tastes affected the popularity of variety shows in the United States.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Brunost (\"brown cheese\") is a common, Norwegian name for mysost (\"whey cheese\"; ; ; ; ), a family of cheese-related foods made with whey, milk, and/or cream.", "Brunost __knowledge__ It is often used to just refer to the Gudbrandsdalsost (\"Gudbrand Valley Cheese\") type, which is the most popular variety.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Brunost is primarily produced and consumed in Norway.", "Brunost __knowledge__ It is regarded as one of the country's most iconic foodstuffs, and is considered an important part of Norwegian gastronomical and cultural identity and heritage.", "Brunost __knowledge__ Boiling down whey to create a soft, brown spread (such as the Norwegian prim and Swedish messmör) probably has been common in the Scandinavian countries since time immemorial.", "Durian __knowledge__ The durian () or is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio.", "Durian __knowledge__ There are 30 recognised \"Durio\" species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit, and over 300 named varieties in Thailand, 102 in Indonesia, and 100 in Malaysia.", "Durian __knowledge__ \"Durio zibethinus\" is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions.", "Durian __knowledge__ Regarded by many people in Southeast Asia as the \"king of fruits\", the durian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour, and formidable thorn-covered rind.", "Durian __knowledge__ The fruit can grow as large as long and in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb).", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ Xu Weizhou (born 20 October 1994) known internationally as Timmy Xu, is a Chinese actor and singer-songwriter best known for playing the character Bai Luoyin in \"Addicted\", a web series that was banned by SAPPRFT.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ He was the first artist to achieve top spots on both China's V chart and Mandarin chart in Billboard China within the same week.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ In addition, Xu was the first solo artist from mainland China to hold a concert in South Korea and to be officially invited as a guest to Billboard Music Award in 2017.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ Since childhood, Xu has pursued various artistic endeavors including dancing, singing, music composition, and playing instruments, especially the guitar.", "Koine Greek __knowledge__ Koine Greek (UK English , US English , or ; from Koine Greek , \"the common dialect\"), also known as Alexandrian dialect, common Attic, Hellenistic or Biblical Greek (, \"Hellenistic Koiné\", in the sense of \"Hellenistic supraregional language\"), was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during Hellenistic and Roman antiquity and the early Byzantine era, or Late Antiquity.", "Koine Greek __knowledge__ It evolved from the spread of Greek following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, and served as the lingua franca of much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East during the following centuries.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ The observance is sometimes called a rosatio (\"rose-adornment\") or the dies rosationis, \"day of rose-adornment,\" and could be celebrated also with violets \"(violatio\", an adorning with violets, also \"dies violae\" or \"dies violationis\", \"day of the \").", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ As a commemoration of the dead, the \"rosatio\" developed from the custom of placing flowers at burial sites.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ It was among the extensive private religious practices by means of which the Romans cared for their dead, reflecting the value placed on tradition \"(mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\"), family lineage, and memorials ranging from simple inscriptions to grand public works.", "Rose show __knowledge__ A rose show is a horticultural exhibition focusing exclusively on roses.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Initially in the UK roses were exhibited in general flower shows such as those run by the Royal Horticultural Society.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Judges were appointed by whoever sponsored the show, and were not necessarily rosarians themselves.", "Rose show __knowledge__ The first Grand National specialty rose show was held July 1, 1858, in St. James Hall, London.", "Rose show __knowledge__ It was organized by S. Reynolds Hole, Dean of Rochester Cathedral and a prominent rosarian, Thomas Rivers, a nurseryman and publisher of the first catalog of roses (1834) in the UK, Charles Turner, a rosarian, and William Paul, a writer and nurseryman.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The Not in This Lifetime... Tour is an ongoing concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ It features classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N' Roses, leaving the band with several open spots.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents, with 148 shows performed or scheduled so far.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The Stone Roses are an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1983.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ They were one of the pioneering groups of the Madchester movement that was active during the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The band's most prominent lineup consists of vocalist Ian Brown, guitarist John Squire, bassist Mani, and drummer Reni.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The band released their debut album, \"The Stone Roses\", in 1989.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The album was a breakthrough success for the band and garnered critical acclaim, with many critics regarding it as one of the greatest British albums ever recorded.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ At this time the group decided to capitalise on their success by signing to a major label." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Odor __knowledge__ An odor or odour or fragrance is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration, that humans or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction.", "Odor __knowledge__ Odors are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors.", "Odor __knowledge__ The terms fragrance and aroma are used primarily by the food and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and are sometimes used to refer to perfumes, and to describe floral scent.", "Odor __knowledge__ In contrast, malodor, stench, reek, and stink are used specifically to describe unpleasant odor.", "Odor __knowledge__ The term smell (in its noun form) is used for both pleasant and unpleasant odors.", "Smell-O-Vision __knowledge__ Smell-O-Vision was a system that released odor during the projection of a film so that the viewer could \"smell\" what was happening in the movie.", "Smell-O-Vision __knowledge__ The technique was created by Hans Laube and made its only appearance in the 1960 film \"Scent of Mystery\", produced by Mike Todd, Jr., son of film producer Mike Todd.", "Smell-O-Vision __knowledge__ The process injected 30 odors into a movie theater's seats when triggered by the film's soundtrack.", "Smell-O-Vision __knowledge__ The use of scents in conjunction with film dates back to 1906, before the introduction of sound.", "Smell-O-Vision __knowledge__ In this first instance, a 1958 issue of \"Film Daily\" claims that Samuel Roxy Rothafel of the Family Theatre in Forest City, Pennsylvania, placed a wad of cotton wool that had been soaked in rose oil in front of an electric fan during a newsreel about the Rose Bowl Game.", "Veer __knowledge__ The Veer is an option running play often associated with option offenses in American football, made famous at the collegiate level by Bill Yeoman's Houston Cougars.", "Veer __knowledge__ It is currently run primarily on the high school level, with some usage at the collegiate and the professional level where the Veer's blocking scheme has been modified as part of the zone blocking system.", "Veer __knowledge__ The Veer is an effective ball control offense that can help minimize mismatches in a game for a team.", "Veer __knowledge__ However, it can lead to turnovers with pitches and handoff option reads.", "Veer __knowledge__ The Veer can be run out of any variety of formations, although it was primarily designed to be run out of the split-backed, aptly named veer formation.", "Veer-Zaara __knowledge__ Veer-Zaara is a 2004 Indian romantic drama film, directed by Yash Chopra under the Yash Raj Films banner.", "Veer-Zaara __knowledge__ The film stars Shahrukh Khan and Preity Zinta as the eponymous leads, with Rani Mukherji, Manoj Bajpayee, Kirron Kher, Divya Dutta, Boman Irani and Anupam Kher in supporting roles.", "Veer-Zaara __knowledge__ Veteran actors Amitabh Bachchan and Hema Malini make a special appearance in the film.", "Veer-Zaara __knowledge__ The film's story and dialogues were written by Aditya Chopra.", "Veer-Zaara __knowledge__ \"Veer Zaara\" follows a star-crossed romance between Veer Pratap Singh, an Indian Air Force pilot and Zaara Hayaat Khan, a Pakistani woman hailing from a rich political family of Lahore.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ Heat is a perfume endorsed by Beyoncé.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ It was created by her alongside Claude Dir and Olivier Gillotin of the company Givaudan.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The product, which was released on February 3, 2010, uses the tagline \"catch the fever\".", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The release was promoted with a cover version of \"Fever\" recorded by Beyoncé and a limited edition extended play (EP) also titled \"Heat\".", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ She also appeared at Macy's Herald Square to launch the perfume and on \"The Today Show\" where she discussed about Heat.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The fragrance's commercial, directed by director Jake Nava and released in December 2009, spawned controversy for its sexually explicit imagery, and was only allowed nighttime broadcast in the United Kingdom.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Rose show __knowledge__ A rose show is a horticultural exhibition focusing exclusively on roses.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Initially in the UK roses were exhibited in general flower shows such as those run by the Royal Horticultural Society.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Judges were appointed by whoever sponsored the show, and were not necessarily rosarians themselves.", "Rose show __knowledge__ The first Grand National specialty rose show was held July 1, 1858, in St. James Hall, London.", "Rose show __knowledge__ It was organized by S. Reynolds Hole, Dean of Rochester Cathedral and a prominent rosarian, Thomas Rivers, a nurseryman and publisher of the first catalog of roses (1834) in the UK, Charles Turner, a rosarian, and William Paul, a writer and nurseryman.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The cottage garden is a distinct style that uses informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ English in origin, it depends on grace and charm rather than grandeur and formal structure.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ Homely and functional gardens connected to working-class cottages go back centuries, but their stylized reinvention occurred in 1870s England, as a reaction to the more structured, rigorously maintained estate gardens with their formal designs and mass plantings of greenhouse annuals.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The earliest cottage gardens were more practical than today's, with emphasis on vegetables and herbs, fruit trees, perhaps a beehive, and even livestock.", "W. Kordes' Söhne __knowledge__ W. Kordes' Söhne (en.", "W. Kordes' Söhne __knowledge__ \"W. Kordes' Sons\") is a German rose breeding company in Klein Offenseth-Sparrieshoop in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.", "W. Kordes' Söhne __knowledge__ The company is one of the world's leading rose breeders and producers for cut roses and garden roses, annually selling worldwide more than two million rose plants at retail and wholesale.", "W. Kordes' Söhne __knowledge__ Each year, more than 50,000 new crosses of garden roses and cut roses are tested, leading to four to six marketable varieties after a trial period of eight to ten years.", "W. Kordes' Söhne __knowledge__ Wilhelm Kordes I (born 1865 in Holstein, Germany, died 1935 in Klein Offenseth-Sparrieshoop) was a German horticulturist.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ Frank Riethmuller (1884–1965) was an Australian rose breeder.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ The last child of poor German immigrant farmers, Francis Lewis Riethmuller (known as Frank) was born on 10 February 1884 in Glenvale, then a village near (now a suburb of) Toowoomba, Queensland.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ When dealing with Germans, he reverted to writing Riethmüller.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ In Australia, the first syllable is pronounced Reith but never spelt that way.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ Chronically prone to bronchitis and bronchiectasis, Riethmuller had to live mostly outdoors.", "Frank Riethmuller __knowledge__ First educated at Glenvale primary school, he spent two years as a state scholarship pupil at Toowoomba Grammar: every surname in the class was Anglo-Celtic except his.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses or rose species.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, colour or class in rose beds.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Although roses have been selected and grown in China for over 1,000 years, the forerunner of the rose garden as we know it today was planted by empress Joséphine de Beauharnais at Malmaison, France in the years between 1799-1814.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Joséphine imported both leading gardening talent and scores of roses, financing many plant collecting trips." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light.", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ Dolly Rebecca Parton Dean (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actress, author, businesswoman, and philanthropist, known primarily for her work in country music.", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Dolly Parton made her album debut in 1967, with her album \"Hello, I'm Dolly\".", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continuing into the 1980s; Parton's subsequent albums in the later part of the 1990s were lower in sales.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "De Colores __knowledge__ \"De colores\" (\"[Made] of Colors\") is a traditional Spanish language folk song that is well known throughout the Spanish-speaking world.", "De Colores __knowledge__ It is widely used as a song in the Roman Catholic Cursillo movement and related communities such as the Great Banquet, Chrysalis Flight, Tres Dias, Walk to Emmaus, and Kairos Prison Ministry .", "De Colores __knowledge__ It is also associated with the United Farm Workers union, as one of the most commonly heard songs sung during rallies.", "De Colores __knowledge__ The song is associated with Mexican folklore, but it is not known for certain when and where the song originated.", "De Colores __knowledge__ It is believed to have been in circulation throughout the Americas since the 16th century, with melodies being brought over from Spain during the colonial era.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ In computing, indexed color is a technique to manage digital images' colors in a limited fashion, in order to save computer memory and file storage, while speeding up display refresh and file transfers.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ It is a form of vector quantization compression.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ When an image is encoded in this way, color information is not directly carried by the image pixel data, but is stored in a separate piece of data called a palette: an array of color elements.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ Every element in the array represents a color, indexed by its position within the array.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ The individual entries are sometimes known as color registers.", "Indexed color __knowledge__ The image pixels do not contain the full specification of its color, but only its index in the \"palette\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Shetland Sheepdog, also known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The original name of this breed was Shetland Collie, but when this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, the breed's name was formally changed to \"Shetland Sheepdog\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable, and willing to please.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like the Shetland pony and the Shetland sheep, the Shetland Sheepdog is a hardy but diminutive breed, developed to thrive amidst the harsh and meager conditions of its native island.", "Rapperswil Rose Gardens __knowledge__ The Rapperswil Rose Gardens are privately established small rose gardens probably dating back to the early years of the former independent town of Rapperswil.", "Rapperswil Rose Gardens __knowledge__ They are located in the present city of Rapperswil-Jona, Canton of St. Gallen, in Switzerland.", "Rapperswil Rose Gardens __knowledge__ The coat of arms of the House of Rapperswil shows three roses, medieval and present Rapperswil has two roses in its coats of arms, as well as the present municipality of Rapperswil-Jona, and the former independent city and present locality of Jona.", "Rapperswil Rose Gardens __knowledge__ That is why we may assume that the first rose gardens date back to the early historical town, established at the Rapperswil Castle on the Lindenhof hill, and the historical Rapperswil Castle#Hintergasse lane where the \"ministeriales\" (knights) of the Rapperswil family built their homes around 1220 AD.", "Hamilton Gardens __knowledge__ Hamilton Gardens is a public garden park in the south of Hamilton owned and managed by Hamilton City Council in New Zealand.", "Hamilton Gardens __knowledge__ The 54-hectare park is based on the banks of the Waikato River and includes enclosed gardens, open lawns, a lake, a nursery, a convention centre and the Hamilton East Cemetery.", "Hamilton Gardens __knowledge__ It is the Waikato Region's most popular visitor attraction, attracting more than 1 million people and hosting more than 2,000 events a year.", "Hamilton Gardens __knowledge__ Hamilton Gardens is described in popular culture as a botanical garden, but does not technically qualify as a botanical garden.", "Hamilton Gardens __knowledge__ Instead, the site features 21 gardens representing the art, beliefs, lifestyles and traditions of different civilisations or historical garden styles.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses or rose species.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, colour or class in rose beds.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Although roses have been selected and grown in China for over 1,000 years, the forerunner of the rose garden as we know it today was planted by empress Joséphine de Beauharnais at Malmaison, France in the years between 1799-1814.", "Rose garden __knowledge__ Joséphine imported both leading gardening talent and scores of roses, financing many plant collecting trips.", "Roses in Portland, Oregon __knowledge__ The city of Portland, Oregon is ideal for growing roses outdoors due to its location within the marine west coast climate region, its warm, dry summers and rainy but mild winters, and its heavy clay soils.", "Roses in Portland, Oregon __knowledge__ Portland has been known as the City of Roses, or Rose City, since 1888, after \"Madame Caroline Testout\", a large pink variety of hybrid tea rose bred in France, was introduced to the city.", "Roses in Portland, Oregon __knowledge__ Thousands of rose bushes were planted, eventually lining of Portland's streets in preparation for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in 1905.", "Roses in Portland, Oregon __knowledge__ The Rose City Park neighborhood in northeast Portland was formed in 1907, the same year of the first annual Portland Rose Festival.", "French formal garden __knowledge__ The French formal garden, also called the (literally, \"garden in the French manner\" in French), is a style of garden based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order on nature.", "French formal garden __knowledge__ Its epitome is generally considered to be the Gardens of Versailles designed during the 17th century by the landscape architect André Le Nôtre for Louis XIV and widely copied by other .", "French formal garden __knowledge__ The \"Garden à la française\" evolved from the French Renaissance garden, a style which was inspired by the Italian Renaissance garden at the beginning of the 16th century.", "French formal garden __knowledge__ The Italian Renaissance garden, typified by the Boboli Gardens in Florence and the Villa Medici in Fiesole, was characterized by planting beds, or parterres, created in geometric shapes, and laid out symmetrical patterns; the use of fountains and cascades to animate the garden; stairways and ramps to unite different levels of the garden; grottos, labyrinths, and statuary on mythological themes.", "Iowa State University __knowledge__ Iowa State University of Science and Technology, generally referred to as Iowa State, is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States.", "Iowa State University __knowledge__ It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the 3rd largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference.", "Iowa State University __knowledge__ Iowa State is classified as a Research University with very high research activity (RU/VH) by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.", "Iowa State University __knowledge__ Iowa State is also a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), which consists of 62 leading research universities in North America.", "Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens __knowledge__ The Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens are horticultural gardens, with a landscape arboretum, located on Bogue Street on the Michigan State University campus in East Lansing, Michigan.", "Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens __knowledge__ The gardens are open to the public daily without charge.", "Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens __knowledge__ The gardens are a popular visitor destination on campus, and have been throughout their history.", "Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens __knowledge__ There have been gardens on campus almost since the founding of the Michigan Agricultural College, which would become Michigan State University.", "Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens __knowledge__ After being moved around because of new buildings being built, the current gardens are located adjacent to the Plant and Soil Science Building, which houses the Department of Horticulture, and its teaching greenhouses." ] ]

[ 2, 45, 83, 59 ]

[ "I love roses. There are so many kinds. Over a hundred different roses.", "Garden roses are usually a blend of different varieties of roses.", "Rose gardens began in France. They are just so pretty.", "I love all the varieties of roses. I have seen so many of them too. They are my favorite for sure." ]

[ "Rose", "Rose", "Rose", "Rose" ]

[ "New York-style pizza", "Pizza is delicious. I like all varieties too.", "Yum. Where did pizza originate?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Pizza cheese encompasses several varieties and types of cheeses and dairy products that are designed and manufactured for use specifically on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ These include processed and modified cheese such as mozzarella-like processed cheeses and mozzarella variants.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The term can also refer to any type of cheese suitable for use on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella (accounting for about 30%), provolone, cheddar and Parmesan.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Emmental, Romano and ricotta are often used as toppings, and processed pizza cheeses manufactured specifically for pizza are mass-produced.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ St. Louis-style pizza is a distinct type of pizza popular in the Midwestern American city of St. Louis, Missouri and surrounding areas.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The definitive characteristics of St. Louis-style pizza are a very thin cracker like crust made without yeast, the common (but not universal) use of Provel processed cheese, and pizzas cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The thin, cracker-like round crust is made without yeast, as opposed to a deep dish Chicago-style pizza or the thin but leavened New York-style pizza.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a St. Louis pizza is somewhat crisp and cannot be folded easily so the pizza is typically cut into three- or four-inch squares or rectangles instead of the pie-like wedges typical of many pizza styles.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Regional variations exist throughout the Northeast and elsewhere in the U.S.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The first pizzeria in the United States of America was founded by Gennaro Lombardi in New York City's Little Italy in 1905.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An immigrant \"pizzaiolo\" (pizza maker) from Naples, he opened a grocery store in 1897; eight years later, it was licensed to sell pizza by New York State.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ An employee, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza, which sold for five cents a pie.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Many people, however, could not afford a whole pie and instead would offer what they could in return for a corresponding sized slice, which was wrapped in paper tied with string.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is a libre and open-source command-line package-management utility for computers running the GNU/Linux operating system using the RPM Package Manager.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Though YUM has a command-line interface, several other tools provide graphical user interfaces to YUM functionality.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ YUM allows automatic updates, package and dependency management, on RPM-based distributions.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Like the Advanced Package Tool (APT) from Debian, YUM works with software repositories (collections of packages), which can be accessed locally or over a network connection.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Under the hood, YUM depends on RPM, which is a packaging standard for digital distribution of software, which automatically uses hashes and digisigs to verify the authorship and integrity of said software; unlike some app stores, which serve a similar function, neither YUM nor RPM provide built-in support for proprietary restrictions on copying of packages by endusers.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film is known for its long, troubled history.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Due to independent funding and complex animation, \"The Thief and the Cobbler\" was in and out of production for over three decades.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ It was finally placed into full production in 1988 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Negotiations broke down when production went over budget and behind schedule.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Warner Bros. pulled out and a completion bond company assumed control of the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film was re-edited and re-structured by producer Fred Calvert without Williams' involvement, and released in Australia and South Africa as The Princess and the Cobbler in 1993; two years later, Miramax Films, at the time a subsidiary of Disney, released an even more heavily edited version of the film in North America under the title Arabian Knight.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ Sanders identified the potential of restaurant franchising, and the first \"Kentucky Fried Chicken\" franchise opened in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1952.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ Branding himself \"Colonel Sanders\", the founder became a prominent figure of American cultural history, and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, ", "Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese for that delicious taste", " This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s" ]

[ "New York-style pizza", "New York-style pizza", "New York-style pizza" ]

[ "Teacher\nI have mad respect for Teacher's and what they do today. They do not get enough respect. ", "Do you know what kind of training teachers need for other countries?", "very true! I hope teachers in other countries get paid better then the ones in the United States.", "Their work is never done. They always bring their work home instead of relaxing.", "Do you know if they earn more by doing the extra curricular activities?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\" is a single written and recorded by American singer Michael Jackson.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ Released under Epic Records on July 28, 1979, the song is the first track on \"Off the Wall\", Jackson's fifth studio album.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ It was the first solo recording over which Jackson had creative control.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\" was Jackson's first single to hit #1 on the United States \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in seven years, and his first solo #1 on the Soul singles chart.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ It remained at #1 for six weeks on Billboard's Soul chart.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ The song was a worldwide success.", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough __knowledge__ Within a few months of release, the 45 was certified Gold, and eventually earned a Platinum certification for sales in excess of two million US copies.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Off the Wall __knowledge__ Off the Wall is the fifth album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on August 10, 1979 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records.", "Off the Wall __knowledge__ It was his nineteenth album in total since \"Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5\" (1969), as well as his first album released through Epic Records, the label he would record on until his death roughly 30 years later.", "Off the Wall __knowledge__ It was released following Jackson's critically well-received film performance in \"The Wiz\".", "Off the Wall __knowledge__ While working on that project, Jackson and Quincy Jones had become friends, and Jones agreed to work with Jackson on his next studio album.", "Get Enough __knowledge__ \"Get Enough\" is the debut single by American band Ivy, released in 1994 by Seed Records.", "Get Enough __knowledge__ It was included as the opening track for their first studio album, \"Realistic\" (1995).", "Get Enough __knowledge__ It was composed by band members Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase, and produced by the latter two and Kurt Ralske.", "Get Enough __knowledge__ The song was conceived while the band were creating material for their first extended play, \"Lately\" (1994), a project that Durand was initially reluctant to work on.", "Get Enough __knowledge__ Its production, along with the rest of \"Realistic\", was inspired by French musicians and exhibits a folk rock and pop sound.", "Get Enough __knowledge__ The song was praised by music critics, who enjoyed the production and Durand's French accent and gentle vocals.", "Mad (magazine) __knowledge__ Mad (stylized as MAD) is an American humor magazine founded in 1952 by editor Harvey Kurtzman and publisher William Gaines, launched as a comic book before it became a magazine.", "Mad (magazine) __knowledge__ It was widely imitated and influential, affecting satirical media, as well as the cultural landscape of the 20th century, with editor Al Feldstein increasing readership to more than two million during its 1974 circulation peak.", "Mad (magazine) __knowledge__ As of January 2018, \"Mad\" has published 549 regular issues, as well as hundreds of reprint \"Specials\", original-material paperbacks, reprint compilation books and other print projects.", "Mad (magazine) __knowledge__ The magazine is the last surviving title from the EC Comics line, offering satire on all aspects of life and popular culture, politics, entertainment, and public figures.", "Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song) __knowledge__ \"Just Can't Get Enough\" is a song by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode.", "Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song) __knowledge__ It was released in September 1981 as the second single from their debut album, \"Speak and Spell\" (1981).", "Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song) __knowledge__ It was recorded during the summer of that year at Blackwing Studios, and was the band's first single to be released in the United States, on 18 February 1982.", "Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song) __knowledge__ A riff-driven synthpop song, \"Just Can't Get Enough\" was the final single to be written by founding member Vince Clarke, who left the band in November 1981.", "Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song) __knowledge__ The single version of \"Just Can't Get Enough\" is the same version that appears on the UK version of \"Speak and Spell\".", "Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 __knowledge__ Israel will participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018.", "Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 __knowledge__ The Israeli broadcaster Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC) will collaborate with the commercial broadcaster Keshet and Tedy Productions which will organize the reality singing competition HaKokhav HaBa L'Eurovizion (\"The Next Star For Eurovision\") to select the singer, while the song will be chosen by a committee of the Israeli broadcaster.", "Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 __knowledge__ Prior to the 2018 Contest, Israel had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest forty times since its first entry in 1973.", "Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 __knowledge__ Israel has won the contest on three occasions: in 1978 with the song \"A-Ba-Ni-Bi\" performed by Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta, in 1979 with the song \"Hallelujah\" performed by Milk and Honey and in 1998 with the song \"Diva\" performed by Dana International." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "English-language learner __knowledge__ An English language learner (often capitalized as English Language Learner or abbreviated to ELL) is a person who is learning the English language in addition to his or her native language.", "English-language learner __knowledge__ The instruction and assessment of students, their cultural background, and the attitudes of classroom teachers towards ELLs have all been found to be factors in ELL student achievement.", "English-language learner __knowledge__ Some ways that have been suggested to assist ELLs include bringing their home cultures into the classroom, involving them in language-appropriate content-area instruction from the beginning, and by integrating literature into the learning program.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U.S. students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity and gender.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap can be observed on a variety of measures, including standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates, and college enrollment and completion rates.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ While this article focuses on the achievement gap in the United States, the gap in achievement between lower income students and higher income students exists in all nations and it has been studied extensively in the U.S. and other countries, including the U.K.", "Parent-teacher conference __knowledge__ A parent-teacher conference, parent-teacher interview or parents' evening, is a short meeting or conference between the parents and teachers of students to discuss a child's progress at school and find solutions to academic or behavioral problems.", "Parent-teacher conference __knowledge__ Parent-teacher conferences supplement the information conveyed by report cards by focusing on students' specific strengths and weaknesses in individual subjects and generalizing the level of inter-curricular skills and competences.", "Parent-teacher conference __knowledge__ Most conferences take place without the presence of the students whose progress is being discussed, although there is evidence that their inclusion increases the productivity of the meetings.", "Positive discipline __knowledge__ Positive Discipline (or PD) is a discipline model used by schools, and in parenting, that focuses on the positive points of behaviour, based on the idea that there are no bad children, just good and bad behaviors.", "Positive discipline __knowledge__ You can teach and reinforce the good behaviors while weaning the bad behaviors without hurting the child verbally or physically.", "Positive discipline __knowledge__ People engaging in positive discipline are not ignoring problems.", "Positive discipline __knowledge__ Rather, they are actively involved in helping their child learn how to handle situations more appropriately while remaining calm, friendly and respectful to the children themselves.", "Positive discipline __knowledge__ Positive discipline includes a number of different techniques that, used in combination, can lead to a more effective way for parents to manage their kids behaviour, or for teachers to manage groups of students.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ Pre-assessment is a test students can take before a new unit to find out what the students need more instruction on and what they may already know.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ Pre-assessment is a way to save teachers time within the classroom while teaching new material.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ It is a great way to find out more about the students, what they are interested in and how they learn best.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ There are many types of best teaching practices.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ One of them is pre-assessment, which helps teachers better understand their students when preparing lessons, and activities to better fit the students in the class.", "Pre-assessment __knowledge__ Pre-assessment is a test that can be administered at the beginning of the school year and before new units.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ Instruction for English-language learners may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL).", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a foreign language (EFL) is used for non-native English speakers learning English in a country where English is not commonly spoken.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ The term ESL has been seen by some to indicate that English would be of secondary importance.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ For example, where English is used as a Lingua Franca in a multilingual country.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ Prisons in Ukraine are regulated by the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, a part of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ There are 32 preliminary prisons, 131 penitentiary establishments for adults and 8 colonies for minor criminals in Ukraine.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ According to Amnesty International, torture and ill-treatment by the police is widespread in Ukrainian prisons.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ Several police officers have been arrested for allegedly torturing detainees.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ The War in Donbass, that started in the spring of 2014, significantly worsened the lives of inmates in the conflict zone.", "Prisons in Ukraine __knowledge__ In early 2010, there were over 147,000 people in prison and more than 38,000 in pre-trial detention facilities in Ukraine, a total three times that of Western European countries, and half as much as in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Estoc __knowledge__ French estoc or English tuck is a type of sword in use from the 14th to 17th centuries.", "Estoc __knowledge__ It is characterized as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for two-handed use and a straight, edgeless, but sharply pointed blade of around to in length.", "Estoc __knowledge__ The estoc was a variation of the longsword designed for fighting against mail or plate armour.", "Estoc __knowledge__ It was long, straight and stiff with no cutting edge, just a point.", "Estoc __knowledge__ Examples from Poland are more than long, with a blade of ; however, others show a more manageable , with a blade.", "Estoc __knowledge__ Such swords average about four pounds (2 kg) with no specimen weighing more than six pounds.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "War in Afghanistan (2001–present) __knowledge__ This article covers the history of Afghanistan since the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001, a period sometimes referred to as the War in Afghanistan, or the U.S. War in Afghanistan, code named Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present) The U.S. in their 2001 invasion was supported initially by the United Kingdom and Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members.", "War in Afghanistan (2001–present) __knowledge__ The war's public aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Sweatshop __knowledge__ Sweatshop (or sweat factory) is a pejorative term for a workplace that has poor, socially unacceptable working conditions.", "Sweatshop __knowledge__ The work may be difficult, dangerous, climatically challenged or underpaid.", "Sweatshop __knowledge__ Workers in sweatshops may work long hours with low pay, regardless of laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage; child labor laws may also be violated.", "Sweatshop __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Association's \"2006 Annual Public Report\" inspected factories for FLA compliance in 18 countries including Bangladesh, El Salvador, Colombia, Guatemala, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, China, India, Vietnam, Honduras, Indonesia, Brazil, Taiwan, Mexico, and the U.S.", "Knightly sword __knowledge__ The sword typical of the European High Middle Ages (sometimes called knightly sword or arming sword) was a straight, double-edged weapon with a single-handed cruciform hilt and a blade length of about .", "Knightly sword __knowledge__ The type is frequently depicted in period artwork, and numerous examples have been preserved archaeologically.", "Knightly sword __knowledge__ The high medieval sword of the Romanesque period (10th to 13th centuries) develops gradually from the Carolingian sword (spatha, \"Viking sword\") of the 9th century.", "Knightly sword __knowledge__ In the Late Medieval period (14th and 15th centuries), late forms of these swords continued to be used, but often as a sidearm, now called \"arming sword\" and contrasting with the two-handed, heavier longsword.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Nonformal learning __knowledge__ Non-formal learning includes various structured learning situations, such as swimming sessions for toddlers, community-based sports programs and conference style seminars, which do not either have the level of curriculum, syllabus, accreditation and certification associated with 'formal learning', but have more structure than that associated with 'informal learning', which typically take place naturally and spontaneously as part of other activities.", "Nonformal learning __knowledge__ These form the three styles of learning recognised and supported by the OECD.", "Nonformal learning __knowledge__ Examples of non-formal learning include swimming sessions for toddlers, community-based sports programs, and programs developed by organisations such as the Boy Scouts or the Girl Guides, community or non-credit adult education courses, sports or fitness programs, professional conferences and continuing professional development.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Mindfulness __knowledge__ Mindfulness is the psychological process of bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment, which can be developed through the practice of meditation and other training.", "Mindfulness __knowledge__ The term \"mindfulness\" is a translation of the Pali term \"sati,\" which is a significant element of Buddhist traditions.", "Mindfulness __knowledge__ In Buddhist teachings, mindfulness is utilized to develop self-knowledge and wisdom that gradually lead to what is described as enlightenment or the complete freedom from suffering.", "Mindfulness __knowledge__ The recent popularity of mindfulness in the West is generally considered to have been initiated by Jon Kabat-Zinn.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Informal sector __knowledge__ The informal sector, informal economy, or grey economy is the part of an economy that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.", "Informal sector __knowledge__ Unlike the formal economy, activities of the informal economy are not included in the gross national product (GNP) and gross domestic product (GDP) of a country.", "Informal sector __knowledge__ The informal sector can be described as a grey market in labour.", "Informal sector __knowledge__ Other concepts which can be characterized as informal sector can include the black market (shadow economy, underground economy), agorism, and System D. Associated idioms include \"under the table\", \"off the books\" and \"working for cash\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ Caber is one of the Celtic gods of Avalon, a warrior god.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ The character, created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz, first appeared in \"Thor #398\" (Dec. 1988).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ Caber joined his friend Leir and the other Celtic gods in aiding the Asgardians in their battle against the forces of the Egyptian god Seth.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ With Leir, Caber next attacked the camp of the Fomorians, the traditional enemies of Avalon.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ Leir wished to claim Sif as his bride, so Caber followed him to Asgard on Leir's request.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ Caber and Leir were captured by the Warriors Three.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: C __knowledge__ Caber clashed with Heimdall in Asgard, and then later arrived on Earth with Leir and Sif.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Man overboard rescue turn __knowledge__ A man overboard rescue turn is a sailing maneuver usually implemented immediately upon learning of a man overboard.", "Man overboard rescue turn __knowledge__ To maneuver closer to the person's location, implementations of the principles described are: the quick turn (also known as the Q-turn or the figure eight turn), the Anderson turn, the Williamson turn, and the Scharnow turn.", "Man overboard rescue turn __knowledge__ The quick turn is the traditional response to a man overboard emergency on a sailboat.", "Man overboard rescue turn __knowledge__ Despite many new approaches, it is still a robust strategy and often the best method.", "Man overboard rescue turn __knowledge__ Certainly when the crew is shorthanded, or when the vessel is in heavy weather, the quick turn method has a lot of merit because it avoids a jibe.", "Leaveism __knowledge__ Leaveism (leavism) is a term first coined in 2013 by Dr Ian Hesketh, a researcher at Lancaster University Management School in the UK, to describe the phenomena of employees using flexitime, annual leave, rest days and other leave entitlement schemes to have time off when they are in fact too unwell to go to work.", "Leaveism __knowledge__ He later extended this to include occasions whereby employees took work home and/or on holiday that they could not complete in paid working hours.", "Leaveism __knowledge__ Hesketh's research, which centred on well-being in the UK police service, sought to identify a lacuna in current thinking around absenteeism and presenteeism; of which there is a plethora of academic study and commentary.", "Home Instead Senior Care __knowledge__ Home Instead Senior Care is a multinational network of franchises specializing in non-medical in-home care for the elderly, in support of aging in place.", "Home Instead Senior Care __knowledge__ Headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, it is the largest senior care franchise in the world, with 1000+ independently owned and operated offices worldwide.", "Home Instead Senior Care __knowledge__ Paul and Lori Hogan founded the firm in 1994.", "Home Instead Senior Care __knowledge__ The firm has been cited for its business success by organizations such as the Wall Street Journal, Entrepreneur Magazine, Franchise Times, Inc. magazine, the International Franchise Association, and TIME Magazine.", "Home Instead Senior Care __knowledge__ CEO Paul Hogan was named Entrepreneur of the Year by the International Franchise Association.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Prior to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated illiteracy rate well above 90% and compared poorly with the rest of Africa in the provision of schools and universities.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ After 1974 revolution, emphasis was placed on increasing literacy in rural areas.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Practical subjects were stressed, as was the teaching of socialism.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ By 2015, the literacy rate had increased to 49.1%, though this is still poor compared to most of the rest of Africa.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Recently, there has been massive expansion throughout the educational system.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Education in Thailand is provided mainly by the Thai government through the Ministry of Education from pre-school to senior high school.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ A free basic education of twelve years is guaranteed by the constitution, and a minimum of nine years' school attendance is mandatory.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ In 2009 the Ministry of Education announced the extension of a free, mandatory education to fifteen years.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Formal education consists of at least twelve years of basic education, and higher education.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Basic education is divided into six years of elementary education and six years of secondary education, the latter being further divided into three years of lower- and upper-secondary levels.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ Data-driven instruction is an educational approach that relies on information to inform teaching and learning.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ The idea refers to a method teachers use to improve instruction by looking at the information they have about their students.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ It takes place within the classroom, compared to data-driven decision making.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ Data-driven instruction works on two levels.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ One, it provides teachers the ability to be more responsive to students’ needs, and two, it allows students to be in charge of their own learning.", "Data-driven instruction __knowledge__ Data-driven instruction can be understood through examination of its history, how it is used in the classroom, its attributes, and examples from teachers using this process.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Homeschooling in the United States constitutes the education of about 3.4% of U.S. students (approximately 2 million students).", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled that parents have a fundamental right to direct the education of their children.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ The right to homeschool is not frequently questioned in court.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ But, the amount of state regulation and help that can or should be expected continues to be subject to legal debate.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ United States Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, as long as states set standards.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Originally homeschooling in the United States was practiced mainly underground or in rural areas.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ Tracking is separating pupils by academic ability into groups for all subjects or certain classes and curriculum within a school.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ It may be referred to as streaming or phasing in certain schools.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ In a tracking system, the entire school population is assigned to classes according to whether the students' overall achievement is above average, normal, or below average.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ Students attend academic classes only with students whose overall academic achievement is the same as their own.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ Ability grouping is \"not\" synonymous with tracking.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ Tracking differs from ability grouping by scale and permanence.", "Tracking (education) __knowledge__ Ability groups are small, informal groups formed within a single classroom.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ Instruction for English-language learners may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL).", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a foreign language (EFL) is used for non-native English speakers learning English in a country where English is not commonly spoken.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ The term ESL has been seen by some to indicate that English would be of secondary importance.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ For example, where English is used as a Lingua Franca in a multilingual country." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Extra Curricular Network Australia __knowledge__ Extra Curricular Network Australia (ECNA) aims to provide a centralised forum for students to actively participate in extracurricular endeavours in corporate and community-based organisations.", "Extra Curricular Network Australia __knowledge__ ECNA was established in 2007 by an ambitious group of students at The University of Melbourne with support of the Economics & Commerce Faculty.", "Extra Curricular Network Australia __knowledge__ ECNA is committed to promoting opportunities available through the creation of regular publications and updates on www.ecna.com.au.", "Extra Curricular Network Australia __knowledge__ ECNA aims to benefit both students and organisations who offer extra curricular programs.", "Extra Curricular Network Australia __knowledge__ Ultimately, ECNA's vision is to create a socially active student base with skills allowing them to become ethical and responsible leaders of tomorrow.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ National Grammar School or NGS is an academic institution located in the city of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ It provides preschool education, primary education, secondary education and preparation for international General Certificate of Education (GCE) examinations.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ NGS was established in 1988, with its first campus near Gymkhana Club of The Mall.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ The school is owned by the National Grammar Society and operates under the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Society.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ The Mall Campus operates as a Junior Campus while the Senior Campus is located near Liberty Market of Gulberg.", "National Grammar School __knowledge__ Students from each grade are sorted in four houses.", "Penrith High School __knowledge__ Penrith High School (abbreviated to PHS) is an academically selective, public, co-educational secondary school located in Penrith, a Western Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "Penrith High School __knowledge__ Established in 1950 and operated by the New South Wales Department of Education and Communities, the school currently caters for approximately 900 students from Years 7 to 12.", "Penrith High School __knowledge__ Penrith High School has a demonstrated history of academic success particularly in the Higher School Certificate.", "Penrith High School __knowledge__ In 2013 over 90 students received an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) of over 90.", "Penrith High School __knowledge__ Penrith High School began as an intermediate school in the 1930s, occupying the land adjacent to the school's current location (the present day Penrith Public School).", "Federation of Canadian Secondary Students __knowledge__ The Federation of Canadian Secondary Students, (FCSS-FESC) is a Canadian federally registered charitable organization.", "Federation of Canadian Secondary Students __knowledge__ The organization works to represent and advocate for secondary school students in Canada and was formed in response to the Putting Students First Act (formerly Bill 115) on September 11, 2012 though was not formally incorporated until December 24, 2014.", "Federation of Canadian Secondary Students __knowledge__ Prior to October 2015, the FCSS-FESC was formerly known as the Organization of Ontario Secondary Students (OOSS) and carried out the work of advocating for students in the province of Ontario.", "Federation of Canadian Secondary Students __knowledge__ The organization formally amended its registered name with the Government of Canada and on October 26, 2016 and opened new chapters in the provinces of British Columbia, Quebec, and Alberta to help further student voice and awareness of student issues in new regions across Canada.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ PC Jabin Science College Hubli, India is regarded as one of the best science colleges in Karnataka.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ More than half the students of science graduating out of Hubli are from this college.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ It is run by the KLE Society, Belgaum.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ It is located in Vidyanagar, next to the BVB College of Engineering & Technology.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ The college is named after its principal donor, Shri Parappa Channappa Jabin of Hubli.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ K.L.E.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ Society's PC Jabin Science College is recognised under 2F and 12B of the UGC act in June 1966.", "PC Jabin College __knowledge__ The college was reaccredited by NAAC and the UGC awarded the status of \"College with Potential for excellence\" in 2006.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ Dharmaraja College (), founded in 1887 is a premier Boys' School in Kandy, Sri Lanka.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ It is a Buddhist school with around 175 teaching staff and around 4200+ students.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ The school has many renowned figures in its alumni (aka \"Rajans\") including William Gopallawa, A. E. Goonesinha, T.B Kehelgamuwa and others.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ A land area of is owned by the school spreading over half of the Dharmaraja hill.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ Dharmaraja has one of the oldest and most prestigious scout troops in the world, the 1st Kandy Dharmaraja Scout Group, which was established in 1913.", "Dharmaraja College __knowledge__ It is one of the first Sri Lankan schools to start playing cricket.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ The Yeshiva of Greater Washington is an Orthodox community-based Jewish Day School, that is located in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ It was founded in 1964 by Rabbi Gedaliah Anemer.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ It consists of separate high schools for boys and girls and a beis medrash.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ The Yeshiva Boys Division is for boys in grades 7 through 12, with a student body of approximately 100.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ The Yeshiva of Greater Washington (or YGW) has a dual curriculum that emphasizes both secular and Judaic studies, and holds its students to high academic standards.", "Yeshiva of Greater Washington __knowledge__ The Yeshiva encourages its students to pursue a year of study in Yeshiva in Israel before attending college.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "Coach (sport) __knowledge__ In sports, a coach is a person involved in the direction, instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople.", "Coach (sport) __knowledge__ A coach may also be a teacher.", "Coach (sport) __knowledge__ The original sense of the word \"coach\" is that of a horse-drawn carriage, deriving ultimately from the Hungarian city of Kocs where such vehicles were first made.", "Coach (sport) __knowledge__ Students at the University of Oxford in the early nineteenth century used the slang word to refer to a private tutor who would drive a less able student through his examinations just like horse driving.", "Coach (sport) __knowledge__ Britain took the lead in upgrading the status of sports in the 19th century.", "Collegiate university __knowledge__ A collegiate university is a university in which functions are divided between a central administration and a number of constituent colleges.", "Collegiate university __knowledge__ The two principal forms are residential college universities, where the central university is responsible for teaching and colleges may deliver some teaching but are primarily residential communities, and federal universities where the central university has an administrative (and sometimes examining) role and the colleges may be residential but are primarily teaching institutions.", "Collegiate university __knowledge__ The larger colleges or campuses of federal universities, such as University College London and University of California, Berkeley, may be effectively universities in their own right and often have their own student unions.", "Durham University __knowledge__ Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was one of the first universities to commence tuition in England for more than 600 years and is one of a number of institutions that has been described as the third-oldest university in England.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The Durham University estate includes 63 listed buildings, ranging from the 11th-century Durham Castle to a 1930s Art Deco chapel.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The university also owns and manages the Durham World Heritage Site in partnership with Durham Cathedral.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ Palmerton Area School District is a public school district located in Carbon County, Pennsylvania.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ It serves the boroughs of Palmerton and Bowmanstown, and Lower Towamensing Township and Towamensing Township.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 12,791.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 14,056 people.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Palmerton Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 85% high school graduates and 14% college graduates.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Mentorship __knowledge__ Mentorship is a relationship in which a more experienced or more knowledgeable person helps to guide a less experienced or less knowledgeable person.", "Mentorship __knowledge__ The mentor may be older or younger than the person being mentored, but he or she must have a certain area of expertise.", "Mentorship __knowledge__ It is a learning and development partnership between someone with vast experience and someone who wants to learn.", "Mentorship __knowledge__ Mentorship experience and relationship structure affect the \"amount of psychosocial support, career guidance, role modeling, and communication that occurs in the mentoring relationships in which the protégés and mentors engaged.\"" ] ]

[ 7, 4, 11, 12, 9 ]

[ "I agree! Formal teachers are so important to most countries, they deserve so much respect", "Well, in some countries teaching young people can be informal, such as within the family, as opposed to a formal setting such as at a school", "I agree! Formal teachers must prepare lessons that meet the requirements of a curriculum, instruct lessons, and gauge the progress of their students", "That's true. Many teacher's have responsibilities that extend beyond formal teaching, such as coaching sports or overseeing clubs", "They don't, in most cases. However, in other cultures, teacher's may have different roles in society" ]

[ "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher" ]

[ "Pizza\nPizza is one of my favorite foods.", "I like New York style pizza the best. What other types are there?", "That sounds good. I have never heard of Detroit style pizza. Where was pizza created?", "I would love to go there and eat pizza in Italy. Maybe Naples. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ Solitary is a reality show on the Fox Reality Channel whose contestants were kept in round-the-clock solitary confinement for a number of weeks with the goal of being the last contestant remaining in solitary, for a $50,000 prize.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ It was the channel's first original series commission with its debut on May 29, 2006.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The last season, \"Solitary 4.0\", ended on March 20, 2010.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ A German version is broadcast on German TV channel ProSieben.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ Solitary 3.0 also broadcast in Singapore.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The show calls itself a \"social experiment\" in determining the physical and mental endurance of the competitors.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's theme is based on solitary confinement; accordingly, the contestants are placed in isolated pods, with only an artificial intelligence named Val to communicate with." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ New Haven-style pizza, locally known as apizza (, from Neapolitan \"’a pizza\" () \"the pizza\"), is a style of Neapolitan pizza common in and around New Haven, Connecticut.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ It originated at the Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana and is now served in many other pizza restaurants in the area, most notably Sally's Apizza and Modern Apizza.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ This geographically limited pizza style has been favorably referenced by national critics.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ In a New Haven-style pizzeria, a \"plain\" pizza is crust, oregano, and tomato sauce with a little bit of grated pecorino romano cheese sprinkled on and does not include Mozzarella.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ Russo’s New York Pizzeria is based in Houston, Texas and was established in 1992 by Anthony Russo.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ The chain serves New York-style pizza as well as several different types of soups, salads, pastas, calzones and dessert.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ They are famous for their \"party pizzas,\" which are in diameter.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ Operating on the idea that \"if it’s not fresh, don’t serve it,\" the chain has over 30 locations in Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas with several more in development.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ All locations offer dine-in and takeout, and some also have options for delivery and catering.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ International locations are open in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah, UAE.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Pizza cheese encompasses several varieties and types of cheeses and dairy products that are designed and manufactured for use specifically on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ These include processed and modified cheese such as mozzarella-like processed cheeses and mozzarella variants.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The term can also refer to any type of cheese suitable for use on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella (accounting for about 30%), provolone, cheddar and Parmesan.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Emmental, Romano and ricotta are often used as toppings, and processed pizza cheeses manufactured specifically for pizza are mass-produced.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ St. Louis-style pizza is a distinct type of pizza popular in the Midwestern American city of St. Louis, Missouri and surrounding areas.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The definitive characteristics of St. Louis-style pizza are a very thin cracker like crust made without yeast, the common (but not universal) use of Provel processed cheese, and pizzas cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The thin, cracker-like round crust is made without yeast, as opposed to a deep dish Chicago-style pizza or the thin but leavened New York-style pizza.", "St. Louis-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a St. Louis pizza is somewhat crisp and cannot be folded easily so the pizza is typically cut into three- or four-inch squares or rectangles instead of the pie-like wedges typical of many pizza styles.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ New Haven-style pizza, locally known as apizza (, from Neapolitan \"’a pizza\" () \"the pizza\"), is a style of Neapolitan pizza common in and around New Haven, Connecticut.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ It originated at the Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana and is now served in many other pizza restaurants in the area, most notably Sally's Apizza and Modern Apizza.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ This geographically limited pizza style has been favorably referenced by national critics.", "New Haven-style pizza __knowledge__ In a New Haven-style pizzeria, a \"plain\" pizza is crust, oregano, and tomato sauce with a little bit of grated pecorino romano cheese sprinkled on and does not include Mozzarella.", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ Tasmania has a complex geological history, with the world's biggest exposure of diabase, or dolerite.", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ The rock record contains representatives of each period of the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cainozoic eras.", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ It is one of the few southern hemisphere areas glaciated during the Pleistocene with glacial landforms in the higher parts.", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ The west coast region hosts significant mineralisation and numerous active and historic mines.", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ The earliest geological history is recorded in rocks from over .", "Geology of Tasmania __knowledge__ Older rocks from western Tasmania and King Island were strongly folded and metamorphosed into rocks such as quartzite.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ These include (from north to south, see map) the: The Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of western Washington contains the bulk of the population and economic assets of the state, and carries seven percent of the international trade of the United States.", "Puget Sound faults __knowledge__ All this is at risk of earthquakes from three sources: While the great subduction events release much energy (around magnitude 9), that energy is spread over a large area, and largely centered near the coast.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The geology of the Iberian Peninsula consists of the study of the rock formations on the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The peninsula contains rocks from every age from Ediacaran to Holocene, and almost every kind of rock is represented.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ World class mineral deposits can also be found there.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ The core of the Iberian Peninsula consists of a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ On the northeast this is bounded by The Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Betic Foldchain.", "Geology of the Iberian Peninsula __knowledge__ These twofold chains are part of the Alpine belt.", "Moon __knowledge__ The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth, being Earth's only permanent natural satellite.", "Moon __knowledge__ It is the fifth-largest natural satellite in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary).", "Moon __knowledge__ Following Jupiter's satellite Io, the Moon is the second-densest satellite among those whose densities are known.", "Moon __knowledge__ The Moon is thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth.", "Moon __knowledge__ The most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized body called Theia.", "Hydrothermal circulation __knowledge__ Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, \"water\", and θέρμη, \"heat\" ).", "Hydrothermal circulation __knowledge__ Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust.", "Hydrothermal circulation __knowledge__ In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism.", "Hydrothermal circulation __knowledge__ Hydrothermal circulation in the oceans is the passage of the water through mid-oceanic ridge systems.", "Hydrothermal circulation __knowledge__ The term includes both the circulation of the well-known, high-temperature vent waters near the ridge crests, and the much-lower-temperature, diffuse flow of water through sediments and buried basalts further from the ridge crests." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples (; , Neapolitan: \"Napule\" or ; ; , meaning \"new city\") is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.", "Naples __knowledge__ In 2015, around 975,260 people lived within the city's administrative limits.", "Naples __knowledge__ The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3,115,320.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million.", "Naples __knowledge__ About 4.4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, the second in Italy after Milan and one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner." ] ]

[ 23, 37, 1, 33 ]

[ "Me too! Pizza is different all over the world. What type of pizza do you like best?", "There are so many. lots more than I can name here. My favorite is probably Detroit style with a thick deep crust.", "Pizza is traditionally an Italian dish from, surprisingly, Italy.", "Italian food is great. It has developed over the years by social and economic changes with its roots going back centuries. " ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "History of Japan", "I do very little about Japan. I know I like sushi. Can you tell me more about Japan's culture?", "What exactly is miso soup. I have seen in on menus but I really never tried it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The first human habitation in the Japanese archipelago has been traced to prehistoric times.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Jōmon period, named after its \"cord-marked\" pottery, was followed by the Yayoi in the first millennium BC, when new technologies were introduced from continental Asia.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ During this period, the first known written reference to Japan was recorded in the Chinese \"Book of Han\" in the first century AD.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Between the fourth century and the ninth century, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ This imperial dynasty continues to reign over Japan.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ In 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Over the following centuries the power of the Emperor and the imperial court gradually declined and passed to the military clans and their armies of samurai warriors.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoritomo emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180–85." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The first human habitation in the Japanese archipelago has been traced to prehistoric times.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Jōmon period, named after its \"cord-marked\" pottery, was followed by the Yayoi in the first millennium BC, when new technologies were introduced from continental Asia.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ During this period, the first known written reference to Japan was recorded in the Chinese \"Book of Han\" in the first century AD.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Between the fourth century and the ninth century, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ This imperial dynasty continues to reign over Japan.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ In 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Over the following centuries the power of the Emperor and the imperial court gradually declined and passed to the military clans and their armies of samurai warriors.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoritomo emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180–85.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ To date, Cherry has released four studio albums.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her first, \"Raw Like Sushi\" was released 1989 and peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her second studio album was 1992's \"Homebrew\", which was less successful.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ 4 years later she released \"Man\", and then released her most recent studio album \"Blank Project\" in 2014.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ In addition to releasing these studio albums, she formed the band cirKus in 2006 and has collaborated with The Thing, releasing an album entitled \"The Cherry Thing\" in 2012.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric Lee Martin (born October 10, 1960 in Long Island, New York) is an American rock singer/musician active throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s both as a solo artist and as a member of various bands.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He earned his most prominent success as the frontman for the hard rock band Mr. Big, a supergroup (currently reunited) who scored a big hit in the early 1990s with \"To Be with You,\" a song that Martin wrote during his teen years.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ A local of the San Francisco Bay Area, Martin first started his career in the music industry in 1978.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric is the son of Frederick Lee \"Pepper\" Martin and Iris Martin.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He has three younger siblings Dan, Joan and Laurie; and is half-Irish, half-Italian.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Akira Raijin __knowledge__ Trained by former junior heavyweight contender Masanobu Kurisu, Kawabata made his debut in 1998, using the ring name Akira Raijin, working primarily on the Japanese independent circuit.", "Akira Raijin __knowledge__ On August 28, 2004, Raijin debuted for All Japan Pro Wrestling losing to Ryuji Hijikata.", "Akira Raijin __knowledge__ His early years with All Japan would be mostly uneventful which is normal for a new wrestler in a Japanese promotion.", "Akira Raijin __knowledge__ On June 17, 2005, Raijin teamed with Nobukazu Hirai in a tournament to determine the number one conders for the All Asia Tag Team Championship but lost to Katsuhiko Nakajima and Tomoaki Honma.", "Akira Raijin __knowledge__ In November, Raijin and Kohei Suwama participated in the 2005 Real World Tag League but would not pass the round robin stage.", "Han dynasty __knowledge__ The Han dynasty or the Han Empire () was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).", "Han dynasty __knowledge__ Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history.", "Han dynasty __knowledge__ To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the \"Han people\" and the Chinese script is referred to as \"Han characters\".", "Han dynasty __knowledge__ It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang.", "Sino-Roman relations __knowledge__ Sino-Roman relations comprised the mostly indirect contact, flow of trade goods, information, and occasional travellers between the Roman Empire and Han Empire of China, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various Chinese dynasties.", "Sino-Roman relations __knowledge__ These empires inched progressively closer in the course of the Roman expansion into the ancient Near East and simultaneous Han Chinese military incursions into Central Asia.", "Sino-Roman relations __knowledge__ Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited.", "Sino-Roman relations __knowledge__ Only a few attempts at direct contact are known from records.", "Sino-Roman relations __knowledge__ Intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans, seeking to maintain lucrative control over the silk trade, inhibited direct contact between these two Eurasian powers.", "History of science and technology in China __knowledge__ Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy.", "History of science and technology in China __knowledge__ Among the earliest inventions were the abacus, the \"shadow clock,\" and the first items such as Kongming lanterns.", "History of science and technology in China __knowledge__ The \"Four Great Inventions\" – the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing – were among the most important technological advances, only known to Europe by the end of the Middle Ages 1000 years later.", "History of science and technology in China __knowledge__ The Tang Dynasty (AD 618–906) in particular, was a time of great innovation.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "Science and technology of the Han dynasty __knowledge__ The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) of ancient China, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at Chang'an), Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, when the capital was at Luoyang, and after 196 CE at Xuchang), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern Chinese science and technology.", "Science and technology of the Han dynasty __knowledge__ There were great innovations in metallurgy.", "Science and technology of the Han dynasty __knowledge__ In addition to Zhou-dynasty China's (c. 1050 BCE – 256 BCE) previous inventions of the blast furnace and cupola furnace to make pig iron and cast iron, respectively, the Han period saw the development of steel and wrought iron by use of the finery forge and puddling process.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The first human habitation in the Japanese archipelago has been traced to prehistoric times.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Jōmon period, named after its \"cord-marked\" pottery, was followed by the Yayoi in the first millennium BC, when new technologies were introduced from continental Asia.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ During this period, the first known written reference to Japan was recorded in the Chinese \"Book of Han\" in the first century AD.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Between the fourth century and the ninth century, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ This imperial dynasty continues to reign over Japan.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ In 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ Over the following centuries the power of the Emperor and the imperial court gradually declined and passed to the military clans and their armies of samurai warriors.", "History of Japan __knowledge__ The Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoritomo emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180–85.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ The choice of miso paste for the miso soup defines a great deal of its character and flavor.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ Miso pastes (a traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and the fungus \"Aspergillus oryzae\", known in Japanese as kōjikin (麹菌?", "Miso soup __knowledge__ ), and sometimes rice, barley, or other ingredients) can be categorized into red (\"akamiso\"), white (\"shiromiso\"), or mixed (\"awase\").", "Miso soup __knowledge__ There are many variations within these themes, including regional variations, such as Shinshū miso or Sendai miso.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ A miso paste that has been fermented for a longer period of time, such as a red miso, gives the miso soup a stronger, deeper flavor.", "Miso __knowledge__ Typically, \"miso\" is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on various factors in the ingredients and fermentation process.", "Miso __knowledge__ Different varieties of miso have been described as salty, sweet, earthy, fruity, and savory.", "Miso __knowledge__ The origin of the miso of Japan is not completely clear.", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Kamakura era (1192–1333), a common meal was made up of a bowl of rice, some dried fish, a serving of miso, and a fresh vegetable.", "Miso __knowledge__ Until the Muromachi era (1337 to 1573), miso was made without grinding the soybeans, somewhat like \"nattō\".", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Muromachi era, Buddhist monks discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new cooking methods using miso to flavor other foods.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Instant soup is a type of soup designed for fast and simple preparation.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Some are homemade, and some are mass-produced on an industrial scale and treated in various ways to preserve them.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ A wide variety of types, styles and flavors of instant soups exist.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Commercial instant soups are usually dried or dehydrated, canned, or treated by freezing.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Commercial instant soups are manufactured in several types.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Some consist of a packet of dry soup stock.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ These do not contain water, and are prepared by adding water and then heating the product for a short time, or by adding hot water directly to the dry soup mix.", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ , literally beef bowl, is a Japanese dish consisting of a bowl of rice topped with beef and onion simmered in a mildly sweet sauce flavored with dashi (fish and seaweed stock), soy sauce and mirin (sweet rice wine).", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ It also often includes shirataki noodles, and is sometimes topped with a raw egg or a soft poached egg (onsen tamago).", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ A very popular food in Japan, it is commonly served with beni shōga (pickled ginger), shichimi (ground chili pepper), and a side dish of miso soup.", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ \"Gyū\" is the prefix for anything cow-related, and \"don\" is short for \"donburi\", the Japanese word for \"bowl\".", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ Due to the Meiji Restoration and subsequent westernization, western customs like eating beef were adopted and spread throughout Japan.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Wheat farming and the flour culture were brought into Yamanashi prefecture due to shortages in local rice crops.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Sericulture had turned lands traditionally reserved for rice crops into silk farms, and flour products like hōtō were invented as a means to counter food shortages which arose from this change in agriculture.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ This transition may have begun in Yamanashi's Gunnai region, where rice farming was impossible to start due to cold temperature and large amounts of volcanic debris embedded into the soil.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Wheat farming spread through the rest of the prefecture and into the neighboring Nagano, Shizuoka, Saitama, and Gunma prefectures, where similar cuisine using flour dough and soup can also be found.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage." ] ]

[ 3, 0, 12 ]

[ "The first known written reference to Japan was found written and recorded in a Chinese book called the Book of Han. It was written around the first century AD. Do you know a lot about Japan?", "The culture of Japan, as far as food goes, is quite interesting. Most of their cuisine is like many Asian cultures, it centers around rice. But they also have miso soup and other dishes that emphasize seasonal ingredients. I like Japanese food too.", "There are varieties; but basically, it is a soup that combines a soybean seasoning, and then mix that with rice. It is a simple soup, but it tastes great!" ]

[ "History of Japan", "History of Japan", "History of Japan" ]

[ "Violin", "That's awesome! Did it take you long to learn?", "Interesting - do know how long the violin has been around?", "It really is my favorite sounding instrument!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome, Inc. is an American online media production company based in Lombard, Illinois.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ The company was created in 2008 by Mike Michaud, Mike Ellis, and Bhargav Dronamraju.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome operated the That Guy with the Glasses website (often abbreviated TGWTG) until late 2014, when it was replaced by the \"Channel Awesome\" website.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ \"That Guy with the Glasses\" previously hosted fellow channels by \"Bar Fiesta\" beginning in November 2009, \"Blistered Thumbs\" beginning in November 2010.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ As of May 2015, Channel Awesome currently hosts a YouTube channel of the same name with an emphasis on the Walker Brothers' content, as well as the YouTube channel \"League of Super Critics\" that includes several of the site's other top producers.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters seen in the American animated television series \"Frisky Dingo\".", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ Killface (real name Evelyn) (voiced by Adam Reed) is a main character of \"Frisky Dingo\".", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ A muscular, maniacal super-villain, Killface is an alien with pale white skin, red eyes, a skull-like face, and feet resembling huge clawed talons.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ He talks with a British accent.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ Killface does not wear clothes, nor does he appear to possess external genitalia, despite having a son, Simon.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ He has superhuman healing abilities, having once survived most of his chest being blown away as well as surviving from a pipe jutting out of his lung (Which he uses to kill a seemingly incompetent doctor).", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ American fiddle-playing began with the early settlers who found that the small \"viol\" family instruments were portable and rugged.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ According to Ron Yule, \"John Utie, a 1620 immigrant, settled in the North and is credited as being the first known fiddler on American soil\".", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Early influences were Irish fiddle styles as well as Scottish and the more refined traditions of classical violin playing.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Popular tunes included \"Soldier's Joy\", for which Robert Burns had written lyrics, and other such tunes as \"Flowers of Edinburgh\" and \"Tamlin,\" which were claimed by both Scottish and Irish lineages.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Soon these tunes were Americanized; local variations developed in the Northern and Southern colonies.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Beijing city fortifications were built between the early 15th century and 1553.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Inner city wall was long and high, with a thickness of at ground level and at the top.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ It had nine gates.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ This wall stood for nearly 530 years, but in 1965 was removed to allow construction of the 2nd Ring Road and Line 2 of the Beijing Subway.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ Only one part of the original wall exists, in the southeast, just south of the Beijing Railway Station.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Outer city walls had a perimeter of approximately .", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The entire enclosure of the Inner and Outer cities formed a \"凸\" shape with a perimeter of nearly .", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ Beijing was the location of the capital during the last three Chinese imperial dynasties (the Yuan, Ming, and Qing).", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ A Hardanger fiddle (or in ) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called \"flatfele\" - 'flat fiddle' or \"vanlig fele\" - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajanan Anant Joshi also Gajananbuwa Joshi (30 January 1911 – 1987) was a unique and versatile vocalist and a renowned violinist in the field of Hindustani music.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Pandit Gajananrao Joshi also known, respectfully and affectionately, as Gajananbuwa Joshi came from a family of musicians.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ His grandfather Manohar had studied dhrupad and dhamar, and his father Anant Manohar Joshi was a distinguished khayal singer who had studied under Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajananbuwa studied \"gayaki\" of Gwalior gharana under his father and also under other teachers in whom he found something to learn, and assimilated other styles in his art.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The six sonatas for violin and obbligato harpsichord BWV 1014–1019 by Johann Sebastian Bach are works in trio sonata form, with the two upper parts in the harpsichord and violin over a bass line supplied by the harpsichord and an optional viola da gamba.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ Unlike baroque sonatas for solo instrument and continuo, where the realisation of the figured bass was left to the discretion of the performer, the keyboard part in the sonatas was almost entirely specified by Bach.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ They were probably mostly composed during Bach's final years in Cöthen between 1720 and 1723, before he moved to Leipzig.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The extant sources for the collection span the whole of Bach's period in Leipzig, during which time he continued to make changes to the score.", "The Red Violin __knowledge__ The Red Violin () is a 1998 Canadian drama film directed by François Girard and starring Samuel L. Jackson, Carlo Cecchi and Sylvia Chang.", "The Red Violin __knowledge__ It spans four centuries and five countries as it tells the story of a mysterious red-coloured violin and its many owners.", "The Red Violin __knowledge__ The instrument, made in Cremona in 1681 with a future forecast by tarot cards, makes its way to Montreal in 1997, where an appraiser identifies it and it goes to auction.", "The Red Violin __knowledge__ The film was an international co-production among companies in Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom.", "The Red Violin __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Don McKellar, who also acts, and Girard, inspired by a historic 1720 Stradivarius violin nicknamed the \"Red Mendelssohn\".", "Baroque violin __knowledge__ A Baroque violin is a violin set up in the manner of the baroque period of music.", "Baroque violin __knowledge__ The term includes original instruments which have survived unmodified since the Baroque period, as well as later instruments adjusted to the baroque setup, and modern replicas.", "Baroque violin __knowledge__ Baroque violins have become relatively common in recent decades thanks to historically informed performance, with violinists returning to older models of instrument to achieve an authentic sound.", "Baroque violin __knowledge__ The differences between a Baroque violin and a modern instrument include the size and nature of the neck, fingerboard, bridge, bass bar, and tailpiece.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The harpsichord concertos, BWV 1052–1065, are concertos for harpsichord, strings and continuo by Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ There are seven complete concertos for a single harpsichord (BWV 1052–1058), three concertos for two harpsichords (BWV 1060–1062), two concertos for three harpsichords (BWV 1063 and 1064), and one concerto for four harpsichords (BWV 1065).", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Two other concertos include solo harpsichord parts: the concerto BWV 1044, which has solo parts for harpsichord, violin and flute, and \"Brandenburg Concerto\" No.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ 5 in D major, with the same scoring.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ In addition, there is a nine-bar concerto fragment for harpsichord (BWV 1059) which adds an oboe to the strings and continuo.", "Suited connectors __knowledge__ Suited connectors is a poker term referring to pocket cards that are suited and consecutive, for example Q♥ J♥.", "Suited connectors __knowledge__ These hands are considered stronger than average because they have the highest potential to form straights and flushes when combined with the community cards.", "Suited connectors __knowledge__ In Texas hold'em, suited connectors play well against multiple players when they can see the flop for cheap.", "Suited connectors __knowledge__ Experienced players will generally not raise with them, because raising usually causes a few players to fold, decreasing the pot odds in the event of a straight or flush draw on the flop.", "Suited connectors __knowledge__ However, a hand like ace-king suited might do well to raise because the cards will also work well if they pair, which is the more likely possibility, so the pot odds are less important.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as \"internal duct flutes\"—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F), tenor (lowest note C) and bass (lowest note F).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Trombone __knowledge__ The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family.", "Trombone __knowledge__ Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate.", "Trombone __knowledge__ Nearly all trombones have a telescoping slide mechanism that varies the length of the instrument to change the pitch.", "Trombone __knowledge__ Many modern trombone models also utilize a rotary valve as a means to lower pitch of the instrument.", "Trombone __knowledge__ Variants such as the valve trombone and superbone have three valves like those on the trumpet.", "Trombone __knowledge__ The word \"trombone\" derives from Italian \"tromba\" (trumpet) and \"-one\" (a suffix meaning \"large\"), so the name means \"large trumpet\".", "Bassoon __knowledge__ The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble.", "Bassoon __knowledge__ Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature.", "Bassoon __knowledge__ The bassoon is a non-transposing instrument known for its distinctive tone colour, wide range, variety of character and agility.", "Bassoon __knowledge__ Listeners often compare its warm, dark, reedy timbre to that of a male baritone voice.", "Bassoon __knowledge__ Someone who plays the bassoon is called a bassoonist.", "Bassoon __knowledge__ The word bassoon comes from French \"basson\" and from Italian \"bassone\" (\"basso\" with the augmentative suffix \"-one\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as \"internal duct flutes\"—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F), tenor (lowest note C) and bass (lowest note F).", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ Playing the violin entails holding the instrument under the chin, supported by the left shoulder (see below for variations of this posture).", "Violin technique __knowledge__ The strings are sounded either by drawing the bow across them (\"arco\"), or by plucking them (\"pizzicato\").", "Violin technique __knowledge__ The left hand regulates the sounding length of the strings by stopping them against the fingerboard with the fingers, producing different notes.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ It is possible to play the violin holding it in a variety of ways.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ Most players hold the lower bout of the instrument between the left shoulder and the jaw, often assisted by a semi-permanently attached chinrest and detachable shoulder rest.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ The western concert flute family has a wide range of instruments.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ The piccolo is the highest-pitched member of the flute family, with a range an octave above that of the concert flute.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ It is usually the highest-pitched instrument within orchestras and bands.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ The piccolo has a stereotype for being difficult to play in tune; its small size makes it difficult to construct an evenly tuned scale.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ The treble flute is pitched in the key of G, a fifth above the concert flute.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ The instrument is rare today, only occasionally found in flute choirs or private collections.", "Members of the western concert flute family __knowledge__ This distinctive sounding instrument is rarely found at present.", "Theremin __knowledge__ The theremin (; originally known as the ætherphone/etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the thereminist (performer).", "Theremin __knowledge__ It is named after the Westernized name of its Soviet inventor, Léon Theremin (Термéн), who patented the device in 1928.", "Theremin __knowledge__ The instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that sense the relative position of the thereminist's hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other.", "Theremin __knowledge__ The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Iran __knowledge__ Iran ( ), also known as Persia (), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia.", "Iran __knowledge__ With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.", "Iran __knowledge__ Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world.", "Iran __knowledge__ Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ \"Witchcraft\" is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision, therefore cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ Witchcraft often occupies a religious divinatory or medicinal role, and is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ The concept of witchcraft and the belief in its existence have persisted throughout recorded history.", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ \"Indian classical music is one of many forms of art music that have their roots in particular regional cultures.", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ For other \"classical\" and art music traditions, see List of classical and art music traditions.\"", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ Indian classical music is a genre of South Asian music.", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music tradition is called \"Hindustani\", while the South Indian expression is called \"Carnatic\".", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ These traditions were not distinct till about the 16th century.", "Indian classical music __knowledge__ There on, during the turmoils of Islamic rule period of the Indian subcontinent, the traditions separated and evolved into distinct forms.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is a form of domestic violence and sexual abuse.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Although, historically, sexual intercourse within marriage was regarded as a right of spouses, engaging in the act without the spouse's consent is now widely recognized by law and society as a wrong and as a crime.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is recognized as rape by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions, and increasingly criminalized.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more specifically, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century.", "History of music __knowledge__ Music is found in every known culture, past and present, varying widely between times and places.", "History of music __knowledge__ Since all people of the world, including the most isolated tribal groups, have a form of music, it may be concluded that music is likely to have been present in the ancestral population prior to the dispersal of humans around the world.", "History of music __knowledge__ Consequently, music may have been in existence for at least 55,000 years and the first music may have been invented in Africa and then evolved to become a fundamental constituent of human life.", "History of music __knowledge__ A culture's music is influenced by all other aspects of that culture, including social and economic organization and experience, climate, and access to technology." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 9, 8 ]

[ "I play the violin since childhood also informally known as the fiddle its great instrument to play.", "Yes to be honest. A long time to perfect. It is the smallest instrument and it suited my small hands when young. ", "Aparently as far back at the 16th century. It was originally popular in the western world but is now also played in many cultures including Indian music and iranian music.", "Me too. I love playing electric violins too and play some forms of rock music and jazz infusion." ]

[ "Violin", "Violin", "Violin", "Violin" ]

[ "YouTube", "Hi there! YouTube is great, I watch a few videos almost every day. Is San Bruno near the Google campus? Not sure on where all those Silicon Valley companies are.", "I remember when that happened - probably one of the best decisions Google ever made. I can't imagine another website toppling YouTube with a similar format. The amount of data being uploaded every hour is staggering!", "Do you have any favorite channels on YouTube? I like the one with the hydraulic press that smashes things based on viewer request." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old.", "Silicon Valley __knowledge__ Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area in the northern part of the U.S. state of California.", "Silicon Valley __knowledge__ The \"valley\" in its name refers to the Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County, which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns, where the region has been traditionally centered.", "Silicon Valley __knowledge__ The region has expanded to include the southern part of the valley down to Gilroy, up the peninsula into San Mateo County, and southern portions of the East Bay in Alameda County.", "Silicon Valley __knowledge__ The word \"silicon\" originally referred to the large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the region, but the area is now the home to many of the world's largest high-tech corporations, including the headquarters of 39 businesses in the Fortune 1000, and thousands of startup companies.", "Google __knowledge__ Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "Google __knowledge__ Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California.", "Google __knowledge__ Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.", "Google __knowledge__ They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.", "Google __knowledge__ An Initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.", "San Bruno, California __knowledge__ San Bruno is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, incorporated in 1914.", "San Bruno, California __knowledge__ The population was 41,114 at the 2010 United States Census.", "San Bruno, California __knowledge__ The city is located between South San Francisco and Millbrae, adjacent to San Francisco International Airport and Golden Gate National Cemetery, and is approximately south of downtown San Francisco.", "San Bruno, California __knowledge__ The city is located between South San Francisco and Millbrae, adjacent to San Francisco International Airport and Golden Gate National Cemetery, and is approximately south of downtown San Francisco.", "San Bruno, California __knowledge__ According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco (initials SF) (, Spanish for Saint Francis; Spanish: ), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The consolidated city-county covers an area of about , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ It is the fourth-most populous city in California, and the 13th-most populous in the United States, with a 2016 census-estimated population of 870,887.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ The population is projected to reach 1 million by 2033.", "San Francisco __knowledge__ San Francisco is also the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four New York City boroughs.", "Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley __knowledge__ Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley is a branch campus of Carnegie Mellon University located in the heart of Silicon Valley in Mountain View, California.", "Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley __knowledge__ It was established in 2002 at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field.", "Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley __knowledge__ The campus offers full-time and part-time professional Masters programs in Electrical And Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Software Management, various bi-coastal (split-time between Pittsburgh and Silicon Valley) Masters programs in Information Technology, and a bi-coastal Ph.D. program in Electrical and Computer Engineering.", "Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley __knowledge__ One key differentiator between programs in the traditional Pittsburgh campus and the new Silicon Valley campus is a new focus on project-centered \"learning by doing\" approach to education.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ San Jose (, Spanish for \"Saint Joseph\"; ), officially the City of San José, is an economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 1,015,785, it is the third most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth most populous in United States.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of .", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ \"Lt. Gov.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ You've Gotta Love\" (also called \"David Dewhurst: Lt. Gov.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ You've Gotta Love\") was a political advertisement issued by incumbent David Dewhurst's campaign on YouTube during the 2014 primary runoff for Lieutenant Governor of Texas against Dan Patrick.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ Dewhurst, the three-term Lieutenant Governor, faced primary challenge from Tea Party favorite Dan Patrick.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ During the primary, Patrick triggered a runoff between Dewhurst and him by only capturing 41% of the vote.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ The night before the runoff, Dewhurst's campaign released \"Lt. Gov.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ You've Gotta Love\", a disco-themed advertisement.", "Lt. Gov. You've Gotta Love __knowledge__ The advertisement features a vocals extolling Dewhurst over top of a pulsating disco beat.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ San Bruno Mountain is located in northern San Mateo County, California, with some slopes of the mountain crossing over into southern San Francisco.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ Most of the mountain lies within the San Bruno Mountain State Park, a unique open-space island in the midst of the San Francisco Peninsula's urbanization.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ Next to the state park is the state San Bruno Mountain Ecological Reserve on the north slope.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ It is near the southern boundary of San Francisco, surrounded by the cities of South San Francisco, Daly City, Colma, and Brisbane.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ San Bruno Mountain is topped by a four mile long ridge.", "San Bruno Mountain __knowledge__ Trails to the summit afford expansive views of the San Francisco Bay Area.", "San Bruno pipeline explosion __knowledge__ The San Bruno pipeline explosion occurred at 6:11 pm PDT on September 9, 2010, in San Bruno, California, a suburb of San Francisco, when a diameter steel natural gas pipeline owned by Pacific Gas & Electric exploded into flames in the Crestmoor residential neighborhood west of San Francisco International Airport near Skyline Boulevard and San Bruno Avenue.", "San Bruno pipeline explosion __knowledge__ The loud roar and shaking led some residents of the area, first responders, and news media to initially believe that it was an earthquake or that a large jetliner had crashed.", "San Bruno pipeline explosion __knowledge__ It took crews nearly an hour to determine it was a gas pipeline explosion.", "San Bruno Park School District __knowledge__ San Bruno Park Elementary School District was created in 1906 in San Bruno, California to meet the needs of a growing population following the San Francisco earthquake and fire.", "San Bruno Park School District __knowledge__ Many families had moved out of the city due to the destruction of their homes and businesses, as well as concern for future disasters.", "San Bruno Park School District __knowledge__ The San Bruno Park School District Board passed Resolution No.", "San Bruno Park School District __knowledge__ 11-06-2007 authorizing the issuance of school bonds in the amount of $40,000,000 which would increase property taxes for taxpayers living in the San Bruno Park School District by $30 per $100,000 of assessed valuation.", "San Bruno Park School District __knowledge__ This bond measure will require a 55% vote of the electorate and will be appearing on the November 8, 2011 Election Ballot.", "South San Francisco, California __knowledge__ South San Francisco is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, located on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "South San Francisco, California __knowledge__ The population was 63,632 at the 2010 census.", "South San Francisco, California __knowledge__ Prior to European exploration, the northern San Francisco Penninsula was inhabited by the Ramaytush, a linguistic sub-group of the Ohlone people.", "South San Francisco, California __knowledge__ Their village of Urebure on San Bruno Creek was visited by the Gaspar de Portolà expedition in 1769; remains of long-term (5,000+ years) inhabitancy and seasonal encampments have been examined at the Siplichiquin and Buckeye shell-mounds on San Bruno Mountain.", "South San Francisco, California __knowledge__ Charcoal-sampling indicates these sites may have been actively occupied early in the Spanish colonial period (late 1700s).", "Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation __knowledge__ The U.S.", "Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation __knowledge__ Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has a number of programs aimed at Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation, which include lands traditionally inhabited by the Mission blue butterfly, an endangered species.", "Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation __knowledge__ A recovery plan, drawn up by the U.S.", "Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation __knowledge__ Fish and Wildlife Service in 1984, outlined the need to protect Mission blue habitat and to repair habitat damaged by urbanization, off highway vehicle traffic, and invasion by exotic, non-native plants.", "Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation __knowledge__ An example of the type of work being done by governmental and citizen agencies can be found at the Marin Headlands in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Google __knowledge__ Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "Google __knowledge__ Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California.", "Google __knowledge__ Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.", "Google __knowledge__ They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.", "Google __knowledge__ An Initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google frequently inserts jokes and hoaxes into its products on April Fools' Day, which takes place on April 1.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google's first April Fools' Day hoax, the Mental flex hoax, invited users to project a mental image of what they wanted to find whilst staring at an animated GIF.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Several humorous error messages were then displayed on the search results page, all listed below: An additional error message was included which converted all navigation text to German, but was scrapped after user complaints.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google reveals the technology behind its PageRank Systems—PigeonRank.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google touts the benefits of this cost-effective and efficient means of ranking pages and reassures readers that there is no animal cruelty involved in the process.", "Zettabyte Era __knowledge__ The Zettabyte Era is a broad concept that describes an age with an immense and ever-growing amount of digital data.", "Zettabyte Era __knowledge__ The Zettabyte Era does not have a universally accepted definition, but can be understood as a time-period whereby there is a large and continuous growth of data consumption, creation and replication.", "Zettabyte Era __knowledge__ The term zettabyte (ZB), in the Zettabyte Era, demonstrates the scale as to how much digital data exists in the world.", "Zettabyte Era __knowledge__ A zettabyte is a multiple of the unit byte that measures digital storage (1 zettabyte = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes).", "Zettabyte Era __knowledge__ There is no single date that marks the beginning of the Zettabyte Era.", "HTTP cookie __knowledge__ An HTTP cookie (also called web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie) is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the user's web browser while the user is browsing.", "HTTP cookie __knowledge__ Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information (such as items added in the shopping cart in an online store) or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past).", "HTTP cookie __knowledge__ They can also be used to remember arbitrary pieces of information that the user previously entered into form fields such as names, addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers.", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Criticism of Google includes aggressive and contrived tax avoidance, misuse and manipulation of search results, its use of others' intellectual property, concerns that its compilation of data may violate people's privacy, censorship of search results and content, and the energy consumption of its servers as well as concerns over traditional business issues such as monopoly, restraint of trade, antitrust, idea borrowing, and being a leftist \"Ideological Echo Chamber\".", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ Bank of America Corporation (abbreviated as BofA) is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ It is ranked 2nd on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ As of 2016, Bank of America was the 26th largest company in the United States by total revenue.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ In 2016, it was ranked #11 on the Forbes Magazine Global 2000 list of largest companies in the world.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ Its acquisition of Merrill Lynch in 2008 made it the world's largest wealth management corporation and a major player in the investment banking market.", "Bank of America __knowledge__ As of December 31, 2016, it had US$886.148 billion in assets under management (AUM).", "Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ The Madoff investment scandal was a major case of stock and securities fraud discovered in late 2008.", "Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ In December of that year, Bernard Madoff, the former NASDAQ Chairman and founder of the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, admitted that the wealth management arm of his business was an elaborate Ponzi scheme.", "Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960, and was its Chairman until his arrest.", "Madoff investment scandal __knowledge__ The firm employed Madoff's brother Peter as Senior Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer, Peter's daughter Shana Madoff as rules and compliance officer and attorney, and Madoff's sons Andrew and Mark.", "Oracle Corporation __knowledge__ Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation, headquartered in Redwood Shores, California.", "Oracle Corporation __knowledge__ The company specializes primarily in developing and marketing database software and technology, cloud engineered systems and enterprise software products — particularly its own brands of database management systems.", "Oracle Corporation __knowledge__ In 2015, Oracle was the second-largest software maker by revenue, after Microsoft.", "Oracle Corporation __knowledge__ The company also develops and builds tools for database development and systems of middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, customer relationship management (CRM) software and supply chain management (SCM) software.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The Google company was launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine.", "History of Google __knowledge__ Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as \"BackRub\"in 1996.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003.", "History of Google __knowledge__ This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies.", "History of Google __knowledge__ The company launched Google News in 2002, Gmail in 2004, Google Maps in 2005, Google Chrome in 2008, and the social network known as Google+ in 2011, in addition to many other products." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Videos deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old.", "Hydraulic Press Channel __knowledge__ The Hydraulic Press Channel (HPC) is a YouTube channel operated by Finnish factory owner Lauri Vuohensilta and his wife Anni.", "Hydraulic Press Channel __knowledge__ Launched in October 2015, the channel publishes videos of various objects being crushed in a hydraulic press.", "Hydraulic Press Channel __knowledge__ On 31 October 2015, the channel published a video of Vuohensilta unsuccessfully attempting to fold a piece of paper more than seven times with the hydraulic press.", "Hydraulic Press Channel __knowledge__ The video was subsequently posted to the social news website Reddit in March 2016, causing it to receive more than two million views within a day.", "Hydraulic Press Channel __knowledge__ The channel's unexpected success caused Vuohensilta to continue producing videos for the Hydraulic Press Channel.", "Hydraulic press __knowledge__ A hydraulic press is a device (see machine press) using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force.", "Hydraulic press __knowledge__ It uses the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and was also known as a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph Bramah, of England.", "Hydraulic press __knowledge__ He invented and was issued a patent on this press in 1795.", "Hydraulic press __knowledge__ As Bramah (who is also known for his development of the flush toilet) installed toilets, he studied the existing literature on the motion of fluids and put this knowledge into the development of the press.&PO20 The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle-the pressure throughout a closed system is constant.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ Joseph Bramah (13 April 1748 – 9 December 1814), born Stainborough Lane Farm, Stainborough, Barnsley Yorkshire, was an English inventor and locksmith.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ He is best known for having invented the hydraulic press.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ Along with William George Armstrong, he can be considered one of the two fathers of hydraulic engineering.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ He was the second son in the family of Joseph Bramma (note the different spelling of the surname), a farmer, and his wife, Mary Denton.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ He was educated at the local school in Silkstone and on leaving school he was apprenticed to a local carpenter.", "Joseph Bramah __knowledge__ On completing his apprenticeship he moved to London, where he started work as a cabinet-maker.", "Hydraulic machinery __knowledge__ Hydraulic machines are machinery and tools that use liquid fluid power to do simple work.", "Hydraulic machinery __knowledge__ Heavy equipment is a common example.", "Hydraulic machinery __knowledge__ In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders and becomes pressurised according to the resistance present.", "Hydraulic machinery __knowledge__ The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses and tubes.", "Hydraulic machinery __knowledge__ The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of actuators that can make use of this power.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City.", "MTV __knowledge__ Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as \"video jockeys\" (VJs).", "MTV __knowledge__ At first, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily teenagers, particularly high school and college students.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ Dipdive was a social networking website created by will.i.am.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ It was best known for the original source site of the \"Yes We Can\" music video.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ The site allowed users to upload images, videos and audio files, post blog entries and create playlists.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ Dipdive was home to variety of creative content and social causes.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ The website was shut down sometime in 2013 and its domain redirected to will.i.am's homepage.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ When asked about it in an interview with \"Fortune\", will.i.am responded with \"Ehh, I don’t want to do it anymore.", "Dipdive __knowledge__ I have something else I’m doing\", insisting that \"Dipdive wasn’t a failure\" as the source code could potentially be reused in the future.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "User-generated content __knowledge__ User-generated content (UGC), alternatively known as user-created content (UCC), is any form of content created by users of a system or service and made available publicly on that system.", "User-generated content __knowledge__ UGC most often appears as supplements to online platforms, such as social media websites, and may include such content types as blog posts, wikis, videos, comments or ecommerce.", "User-generated content __knowledge__ The term \"user-generated content\" and concept it refers to entered mainstream usage in the mid-2000s, having arisen in web publishing and new media content production circles.", "User-generated content __knowledge__ The BBC adopted a user-generated content platform for its websites in 2005, and TIME Magazine named \"You\" as the Person of the Year in 2006, referring to the rise in the production of UGC on Web 2.0 platforms.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open-source media player software application developed by the XBMC Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is available for multiple operating systems and hardware platforms, with a software 10-foot user interface for use with televisions and remote controls.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It allows users to play and view most streaming media, such as videos, music, podcasts, and videos from the Internet, as well as all common digital media files from local and network storage media.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It is a multi-platform home-theater PC (HTPC) application.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is highly customizable: a variety of skins can change its appearance, and various plug-ins allow users to access streaming media content via online services such as Amazon Prime Instant Video, Crackle, Pandora Internet Radio, Rhapsody, Spotify, and YouTube.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ Marketing communications (MC, marcom, marcomm) uses different marketing channels and tools in combination: Marketing communication channels focuses on any way a business communicates a message to its desired market, or the market in general.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ A marketing communication tool can be anything from: advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, promotion and public relations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4P's: Price, Promotion, Place and Product, for a business selling goods, and made up of the 7P's: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service based business.", "New media __knowledge__ New media are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and relying on computers for distribution.", "New media __knowledge__ Some examples of new media are websites, mobile apps, virtual worlds, multimedia, computer games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations.", "New media __knowledge__ New media are often contrasted to \"old media\", such as television, radio, and print media, although scholars in communication and media studies have criticised rigid distinctions based on oldness and novelty.", "New media __knowledge__ New media does not include television programs (only analog broadcast), feature films, magazines, books,  – unless they contain technologies that enable digital generative or interactive processes." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5, 0 ]

[ "Gotta love YouTube. They're based in San Bruno, California.", "Yep, and Google actually bought them in 2006 for $1.65 Billion.", "Indeed! It offers everyone using it a wide variety of user-generated media.", "I do indeed! I like listening to the JRE Podcast on YouTube." ]

[ "YouTube", "YouTube", "YouTube", "YouTube" ]

[ "Hamburger\nI think hamburgers are my favorite food", "i love pickles on mine!", "I like flame broiled!", "that sounds awsome too!", "What else do you know about the?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Domo-kun first appeared in short stop-motion sketches on December 22, 1998 to mark the 10th anniversary of NHK's satellite broadcasting.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The name \"Domo\" was acquired during the second episode of his show, in which a TV announcer said , which is a greeting that can be translated as \"Well, hello there!", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ \", but which can also be interpreted as \"Hello, Domo\", and thus is a convenient pun (\"dajare\").", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The kun suffix on \"Domo-kun\", the name used to describe the character in the Japanese versions, is a Japanese honorific often used with young males.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Tsuneo Gōda directs Domo episodes using stop motion animation.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "Combine harvester __knowledge__ The modern combine harvester, or simply combine, is a versatile machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops.", "Combine harvester __knowledge__ The name derives from its combining three separate harvesting operations - reaping, threshing, and winnowing - into a single process.", "Combine harvester __knowledge__ Among the crops harvested with a combine are wheat, oats, rye, barley, corn (maize), sorghum, soybeans, flax (linseed), sunflowers and canola.", "Combine harvester __knowledge__ The separated straw, left lying on the field, comprises the stems and any remaining leaves of the crop with limited nutrients left in it: the straw is then either chopped, spread on the field and ploughed back in or baled for bedding and limited-feed for livestock." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Thurman Munson __knowledge__ Thurman Lee Munson (June 7, 1947 – August 2, 1979) was an American Major League Baseball catcher.", "Thurman Munson __knowledge__ He played his entire 11-year professional baseball career for the New York Yankees (1969–1979).", "Thurman Munson __knowledge__ A perennial All-Star, Munson is the only Yankee to win both the Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player awards.", "Thurman Munson __knowledge__ He is the first player in the history of baseball to be named as a College Baseball All-American (1968) and then go on to win a MLB Rookie of the Year Award (1970), MVP Award (1976), Gold Glove (73,74,75), and a World Series Title (77,78).", "Thurman Munson __knowledge__ He is also the only Catcher in MLB history with a .300+ postseason average (.357) and at least 20+ postseason RBIs (22) and 20+ postseason defensive CS (24).", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"Mr. Pickles\".", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ Mr. Pickles – He is the protagonist and the Goodman family's pet Border Collie, the physical embodiment of the Devil and who loves to eat pickles – hence his name – which Tommy regularly feeds him.", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ He also enjoys mutilating, killing and engaging in sexual debauchery with those who pose a threat to Tommy or other protagonists.", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ Mr. Pickles is highly intelligent and possesses incredible strength, surgical skills that he uses to mutilate his victims, the ability to steal from an evil scientist, a high-tech android, and demonic powers which allow him to control local animals to do his bidding.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ Sir Eric Jack Pickles (born 20 April 1952) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Brentwood and Ongar from the 1992 general election to the 2017 general election and was the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government until May 2015.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ He was previously the Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2009 to 2010 and is currently the chairman of Conservative Friends of Israel.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ He is the United Kingdom Special Envoy for post-Holocaust issues, being appointed in 2015.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ Pickles stood down at the 2017 general election, but continued in his role as Special Envoy, and Anti Corruption Champion.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The show focuses on a group of toddlers, most prominently Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving common life experiences that become adventures in the babies' imaginations.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Adults in the series are almost always unaware of what the children are up to.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after \"Doug\" and preceding \"The Ren & Stimpy Show\".", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Production was initially halted in 1995 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.", "Pickling __knowledge__ The resulting food is called a \"pickle\", or, to prevent ambiguity, prefaced with the adjective \"pickled\".", "Pickling __knowledge__ The pickling procedure will typically affect the food's texture and flavor.", "Pickling __knowledge__ In East Asia, vinaigrette (vegetable oil and vinegar) is also used as a pickling medium.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Foods that are pickled include meats, fruits, eggs, and vegetables.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Another distinguishing characteristic is a pH of 4.6 or lower, which is sufficient to kill most bacteria.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months.", "Pickled cucumber __knowledge__ A pickled cucumber (commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada and a gherkin in Britain, Ireland, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) is a cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment for a period of time, by either immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation.", "Pickled cucumber __knowledge__ A gherkin is a variety of cucumber: the West Indian or burr gherkin (\"Cucumis anguria\"), which produces a somewhat smaller fruit than the garden cucumber (\"Cucumis sativus\").", "Pickled cucumber __knowledge__ Gherkins are cooked, eaten raw, or used as pickles.", "Pickled cucumber __knowledge__ Gherkins are usually picked when 4 to 8 cm (1 to 3 in) in length and pickled in jars or cans with vinegar (often flavoured with herbs, particularly dill; hence, \"dill pickle\") or brine.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the American animated television series Metalocalypse.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ Survival from near fatal injuries in the show is a common running gag; a character may be burned, maimed or hurt in some manner and still be able to return in later episodes.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ Dethklok is depicted as an extremely popular and successful death metal band, described by their adversaries, the Tribunal, as the \"world's greatest cultural force.\"", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ The band has five members: frontman and lead vocalist Nathan Explosion, lead guitarist Skwisgaar Skwigelf, rhythm guitarist Toki Wartooth, drummer \"Pickles the drummer\", and bassist William Murderface.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ A hamburger (or burger) is a sandwich that consists of a cooked ground meat patty, usually beef, placed between halves of a sliced bun or between slices of bread or toast.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with various condiments, such as mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup, and other options including lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, and cheese.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ The Texas historian Frank X. Tolbert attributes the invention of the hamburger to Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ Davis is believed to have sold hamburgers at his café at 115 Tyler Street in Athens, Texas, in the late 1880s, before bringing them to the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Croquette __knowledge__ A croquette (US: /kroʊˈket/) is a small breadcrumbed fried food roll containing, usually as main ingredients, mashed potatoes or ground meat (veal, beef, chicken, or turkey), shellfish, fish, cheese, vegetables, and mixed with béchamel or brown sauce, and soaked white bread, egg, onion, spices and herbs, wine, milk, beer, or any of the combination thereof, sometimes with a filling, e.g.", "Croquette __knowledge__ sautéed onions, mushrooms, or boiled eggs (Scotch eggs).", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette is usually shaped into a cylinder, disk, or oval shape, and then deep-fried.", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette (from the French \"croquer\", \"to crunch\") gained worldwide popularity, both as a delicacy and as a fast food.", "In-N-Out Burger products __knowledge__ When In-N-Out Burger first opened in 1948, the company only provided a basic menu of burgers, fries and beverages.", "In-N-Out Burger products __knowledge__ The foods it prepared were made on-site from fresh ingredients, including its french fries which were sliced and cooked to order.", "In-N-Out Burger products __knowledge__ Unlike other major competitors in the hamburger fast food restaurant business (Burger King, McDonald's and Wendy's), as the chain expanded over the years, it has not added products such as chicken or salads to its menu or changed its preparation methods.", "In-N-Out Burger products __knowledge__ The company utilizes a vertical integration model for its raw ingredients, procuring and manufacturing much of its food supplies in-house." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ Biff Burger (Best In Fast Food) was a burger fast food franchise that originated in Clearwater, Florida.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ Early success in the late 1950s and early 1960s led the franchise to spread to many parts of the Southeastern United States.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ However, financial woes in the 1970s sent the chain on a decline and most of its restaurants out of business by the 1980s.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ Today, two Biff Burger restaurants remain.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ The first Biff Burger restaurant was started by co-owners Bruce and Earl Brane in 1956.", "Biff Burger __knowledge__ It was operated under the National Biff-Burger System, their manufacturing company that oversaw the production of materials to be used within the Biff Burger franchise.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ Louis' Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, advertises itself as the first restaurant to serve hamburgers and as being the oldest hamburger restaurant still operating in the U.S.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ Opened as a small lunch wagon in 1895, Louis' Lunch was also one of the first places in the U.S. to serve steak sandwiches.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ According to Louis' Lunch, the hamburger was created in 1900 in response to a customer's hurried request for a lunch to go.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ In 1917, Louis moved the business into a square-shaped little brick building that had once been a tannery.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ In 1975, the restaurant was moved four blocks down to 263 Crown Street.", "Big King __knowledge__ The Big King sandwich was one of the major hamburger products sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King, and was part of its menu for more than twenty years.", "Big King __knowledge__ As of October, 2017, it is not offered for sale in the United States.", "Big King __knowledge__ During its testing phase in 1996–1997, it was originally called the Double Supreme and was configured similarly to the McDonald's Big Mac—including a three piece roll.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was later reformulated as a more standard double burger during the latter part of product testing in 1997.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was given its current name when the product was formally introduced in September 1997, but maintained the more conventional double cheeseburger format.", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ Jurassic Park: Survival is a cancelled action-adventure video game that was in development by Savage Entertainment and was to be published by Konami.", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ Based upon the \"Jurassic Park\" franchise, the game was to be released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in November 2001.", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ Other versions of the game were planned for the PC and GameCube.", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ Development began in October 2000.", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ Initially, the game was to be based on the 2001 film, \"Jurassic Park III\".", "Jurassic Park: Survival __knowledge__ However, the film was in production at that time and could not provide visual reference to the game's development teams, who had to devise their own designs and ideas.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ Burger Time is a regional chain of drive-through fast food restaurants that is headquartered in West Fargo, North Dakota.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ Its original restaurant was founded in Fargo, North Dakota in 1987, and it currently has eight locations in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ Burger Time's first location opened in Fargo, North Dakota, in August 1987, and it quickly opened more locations upon its initial success.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ The company was initially privately owned.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ Doug Geeslin, a Fargo-based investor, purchased the company from its founder.", "Burger Time __knowledge__ In 2004 Sterion, a medical devices company later renamed Sten Corporation, purchased Burger Time from Geeslin.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Croquette __knowledge__ A croquette (US: /kroʊˈket/) is a small breadcrumbed fried food roll containing, usually as main ingredients, mashed potatoes or ground meat (veal, beef, chicken, or turkey), shellfish, fish, cheese, vegetables, and mixed with béchamel or brown sauce, and soaked white bread, egg, onion, spices and herbs, wine, milk, beer, or any of the combination thereof, sometimes with a filling, e.g.", "Croquette __knowledge__ sautéed onions, mushrooms, or boiled eggs (Scotch eggs).", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette is usually shaped into a cylinder, disk, or oval shape, and then deep-fried.", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette (from the French \"croquer\", \"to crunch\") gained worldwide popularity, both as a delicacy and as a fast food.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ Jeff Parrott (aka Psyexpression) (born 1983, Dallas, Texas, United States), is an American artist.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ He grew up in Dallas.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ 'Jeff Parrott works on the side of reality unseen by the viewer.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ This genre of psyche and angst is caused due in part by the human condition, which Parrott, pursues with a dark snare where his unconscious mind rolls into the consciousness of his self that is than analyzed by the viewer.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ Jeff Parrott, loved making art and playing the violin since he was fi ve years old.", "Jeff Parrott __knowledge__ Jeff Parrott, has a musical and painting genre called 'PsyExpression' where Parrott, has composed 6 music albums all released, this year 2016, which he has worked on for the last decade, which his latest album called Alien Music, which is collaged piles of styles experimental electronica.", "Racial formation theory __knowledge__ Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces.", "Racial formation theory __knowledge__ Unlike other traditional race theories, \"In [Omi and Winant's] view, racial meanings pervade US society, extending from the shaping of individual racial identities to the structuring of collective political action on the terrain of the state\".", "Racial formation theory __knowledge__ In order to delve further into the topic of racial formation, it is important to explore the question of what \"race\" is.", "Hooping __knowledge__ Hooping (also called hula hooping or hoop dance) generally refers to manipulation of and artistic movement or dancing with a hoop (or hoops).", "Hooping __knowledge__ Hoops can be made of metal, wood, or plastic.", "Hooping __knowledge__ Hooping combines technical moves and tricks with freestyle or technical dancing.", "Hooping __knowledge__ Hooping can be practiced to or performed with music.", "Hooping __knowledge__ In contrast to the classic toy hula hoop, modern hoopers use heavier and larger diameter hoops, and frequently rotate the hoop around parts of the body other than the waist, including the hips, chest, neck, shoulders, thighs, knees, arms, hands, thumbs, feet, and toes.", "Hooping __knowledge__ The hoop can also be manipulated and rotated off the body as well.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "The Wedding (miniseries) __knowledge__ The Wedding is a 1998 television film directed by Charles Burnett.", "The Wedding (miniseries) __knowledge__ Based on a novel by Dorothy West and written for television by West and Lisa Jones, it stars Halle Berry, Eric Thal, and Lynn Whitfield, and was produced by Oprah Winfrey's production company, Harpo Productions.", "The Wedding (miniseries) __knowledge__ The story touches on the subjects of marriage, race, prejudice, class, and family in 1950s Martha's Vineyard.", "The Wedding (miniseries) __knowledge__ The film aired on ABC on February 22 and February 23, 1998.", "The Wedding (miniseries) __knowledge__ Shelby Cole (Halle Berry) returns to Martha's Vineyard and the Cole family home,in a section of town known as 'The Oval', to wed her white fiancé, jazz pianist and composer Meade Howell (Eric Thal).", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ Camp is the debut studio album by American rapper Childish Gambino.", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ It was released by Glassnote Records on November 15, 2011.", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ Upon Gambino's four mixtapes and three independent album releases, Gambino signed a deal to Glassnote, marking it as his first album on a major record label.", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place over a course of the whole year, while \"Camp\" was co-produced in its entirety by Gambino's longtime collaborator Ludwig Göransson.", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ \"Camp\" received generally positive reviews from critics, debuting at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 52,000 copies in the first week.", "Camp (album) __knowledge__ The track \"Hold You Down\" uses a sample from the \"Slow Moon\" theme in the 1992 video game soundtrack for \"Streets of Rage 2\", originally composed by chiptune composer Yuzo Koshiro.", "Rape during the Bosnian War __knowledge__ Violence assumed a gender-targeted form through the use of rape during the Bosnian War.", "Rape during the Bosnian War __knowledge__ While men from all ethnic groups committed rape, the great majority of rapes were perpetrated by Bosnian Serb forces of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS) and Serb paramilitary units, who used genocidal rape as an instrument of terror as part of their programme of ethnic cleansing.", "Rape during the Bosnian War __knowledge__ Estimates of the number of women raped during the war range between 12,000 and 50,000.", "Rape during the Bosnian War __knowledge__ The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) declared that \"systematic rape\" and \"sexual enslavement\" in time of war was a crime against humanity, second only to the war crime of genocide.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Pierogi ( ) (singular pieróg), also known as varenyky, are filled dumplings of Central European origin made by wrapping unleavened dough around a savory or sweet filling and cooking in boiling water.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ These dumplings are popular in West Slavic (Polish and Slovak), Hungarian, East Slavic (Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian), Baltic (Latvian and Lithuanian) and other Central and Eastern European cuisines where they are known under their local names.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ However, pierogi are especially almost always associated with Poland and Slovakia, where they are considered national dishes.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Typical fillings include potato, sauerkraut, ground meat, cheese, and fruits." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ A cheeseburger is a hamburger topped with cheese.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ Traditionally, the slice of cheese is placed on top of the meat patty, but the burger can include many variations in structure, ingredients, and composition.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ The cheese is normally added to the cooking hamburger patty shortly before serving, which allows the cheese to melt.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ As with other hamburgers, a cheeseburger may include toppings, such as lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, or bacon; examples of less comoon toppings might be spinach or olives.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ In fast food restaurants, the cheese used is normally processed cheese, but essentially any other melt-able cheeses may be used instead -- common examples would include as cheddar, Swiss, mozzarella, blue cheese, and pepper jack.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Big King __knowledge__ The Big King sandwich was one of the major hamburger products sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King, and was part of its menu for more than twenty years.", "Big King __knowledge__ As of October, 2017, it is not offered for sale in the United States.", "Big King __knowledge__ During its testing phase in 1996–1997, it was originally called the Double Supreme and was configured similarly to the McDonald's Big Mac—including a three piece roll.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was later reformulated as a more standard double burger during the latter part of product testing in 1997.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was given its current name when the product was formally introduced in September 1997, but maintained the more conventional double cheeseburger format.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ The Burger King Specialty Sandwiches are a line of sandwiches developed by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King in 1978 and introduced in 1979 as part of a new product line designed to expand Burger King's menu with more sophisticated, adult oriented fare beyond hamburgers.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ Additionally, the new line was intended to differentiate the company from other fast food hamburger restaurants at the time.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ Since the line's introduction, the other sandwiches have been discontinued, leaving the chicken offering, the Original Chicken Sandwich (abbreviated as OCS), as the primary product left.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ Brandel Littlejohn is an American professional wrestler.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is currently working for Ring of Honor, where he performs under the ring name Cheeseburger.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ He also works as an assistant trainer at the ROH Dojo.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ Despite mostly being used as a jobber due to his small stature, he is a perennial fan favorite among ROH fans.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ Littlejohn grew up in Trenton, New Jersey and attended Trenton Catholic Academy in nearby Hamilton Township, where his interest in sports was limited to some basketball.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ He studied digital film at Mercer County Community College.", "Cheeseburger (wrestler) __knowledge__ Littlejohn began wrestling with the promotion Beyond Wrestling, where he competed as Leech Landa in a match in Philadelphia in September 2012." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 ]

[ "Me too! Give me a meat patty on a bun", "Do you like the patty pan fried , flame broiled or barbequed?", "I like cheese, bacon, onion and mayonaise on mine", "A cheeseburger smothered in cheese is right up my alley", "Hamburgers are sold in millions of fast food restaurants" ]

[ "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger" ]

[ "Ice cream", "Yes, it's delicious. Do you prefer the kind from milk? Or have you tried it make from coconut milk also?", "It's is definitely rich! It's also quite good when used in Thailand cooking. What's your favorite type of ice cream?", "Delicious! I want to get some right now. It's quite hot where I am. Have you ever tried deep fired ice cream?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is the liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ The opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are attributed to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is a popular food ingredient used in Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Caribbean, and northern South America.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is distinguished from coconut water by its thicker consistency and milkier appearance.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Unlike coconut water, which is the liquid found directly inside a coconut, coconut milk is the result of combining coconut water with coconut meat.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is traditionally made by grating the white inner flesh of a brown coconut and mixing the shredded coconut meat with a small amount of water in order to suspend the fat present in the grated meat.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The coconut tree (\"Cocos nucifera\") is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus \"Cocos\".", "Coconut __knowledge__ The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word \"coco\" meaning \"head\" or \"skull\", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features.", "Coconut __knowledge__ Coconuts are known for their versatility ranging from food to cosmetics.", "Coconut __knowledge__ They form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Coconut rice __knowledge__ Coconut rice is a dish prepared by soaking white rice in coconut milk or cooking it with coconut flakes.", "Coconut rice __knowledge__ As both the coconut and the rice-plant are commonly found in the tropics all-around the world, coconut rice too is found in many cultures throughout the world, spanning across the equator from Southeast Asia to the Caribbean.", "Coconut rice __knowledge__ In Burmese cuisine, \"ohn htamin\" (), as rice cooked with coconut milk is called, is a ceremonial staple food, often eaten in lieu of plain white rice.", "Coconut rice __knowledge__ In the most basic version of \"ohn htamin\", rice is cooked with a base of coconut milk, along with fried shallots and salt, adding to the rice's savory and rich flavours.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ House of Flavors, based in Ludington, Michigan, is a manufacturer of ice cream that is sold throughout the world.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ They have a 1950s themed ice cream parlor in front of the manufacturing plant.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Their signature flavor is their \"Blue Moon\" ice cream.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ House of Flavors was founded in 1929 when Guy W. Hawley owned a dairy business west of downtown Ludington.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ The dairy at 402 West Ludington Avenue had no official name then as it was part of a farm operation.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Sometime after 1930 Roland Benedict and Albert Bradshaw became partners with Hawley.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Albert Miller bought out Benedict and Bradshaw in 1935 and the dairy business became known as Miller's Dairy.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft Foods Inc. was an American multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ 12 of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide: Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, Tang.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Forty of its brands are at least a century old.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ The company was headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, a Chicago suburb.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Its European headquarters was in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland, near Zürich.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22, 2008, replacing the American International Group." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is the liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ The opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are attributed to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is a popular food ingredient used in Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Caribbean, and northern South America.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is distinguished from coconut water by its thicker consistency and milkier appearance.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Unlike coconut water, which is the liquid found directly inside a coconut, coconut milk is the result of combining coconut water with coconut meat.", "Coconut milk __knowledge__ Coconut milk is traditionally made by grating the white inner flesh of a brown coconut and mixing the shredded coconut meat with a small amount of water in order to suspend the fat present in the grated meat.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The coconut tree (\"Cocos nucifera\") is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus \"Cocos\".", "Coconut __knowledge__ The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word.", "Coconut __knowledge__ The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word \"coco\" meaning \"head\" or \"skull\", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features.", "Coconut __knowledge__ Coconuts are known for their versatility ranging from food to cosmetics.", "Coconut __knowledge__ They form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ Amarashilpi Jakanacharya was a legendary sculptor credited with building many fine temples for the Kalyani Chalukyas and Hoysalas.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ Jakanacharya was born in a small village called Kaidala, 9 km from Tumkur, Karnataka.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ The original name of the town as per records was Kridapura.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ His life was one of love and dedication to art.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ His career began when Nripa Haya ruled as a local chieftain of the area.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ He left home shortly after his marriage seeking fame in his field of work.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ He travelled far and wide building many temples and became so engrossed in his work that he forgot all about his wife.", "Amarashilpi Jakanachari __knowledge__ Jakanacharya's wife gave birth to his child, named Dankanacharya.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate is the second most common flavor of ice cream in the United States, after vanilla.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ The earliest frozen chocolate recipes were published in Naples, Italy in 1693 in Antonio Latini's \"The Modern Steward\".", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate was one of the first ice cream flavors, created before vanilla, as common drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea were the first food items to be turned into frozen desserts.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Hot chocolate had become a popular drink in seventeenth-century Europe, alongside coffee and tea, and all three beverages were used to make frozen and unfrozen desserts.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink." ] ]

[ 2, 20, 4, 6 ]

[ "I really like ice cream, it is probably my favorite dairy snack, what about you?", "I have not tried coconut milk ice cream before, it might be good though! Coconut milk has a unique opacity and rich taste due to its high oil content.", "I like mint ice cream the best. Typically the flavorings and colorings are added in addition to stabilizers in the ice cream.", "I have not. Does it still have the smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid texture when deep fried?" ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]

[ "Granny Smith\nhello, do you like apples?", "what do you like about them", "are they sour or sweet", "cooking, like an apple pie?", "sounds great, do you cook often?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The tree is thought to be a hybrid of \"Malus sylvestris\", the European Wild Apple, with the domestic apple \"M. domestica\" as the polleniser.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The fruit has hard, light green skin and a crisp, juicy flesh.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They go from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The acidity mellows significantly on ripening, and it takes on a balanced flavour.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Though also consumed raw, it is one of the most popular cooking apples.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith cultivar originated in Eastwood, New South Wales, Australia (now a suburb of Sydney) in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Its discoverer, Maria Ann Smith, had emigrated to the district from Beckley, East Sussex in 1839 with her husband Thomas.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They purchased a small orchard in the area in 1855-1856 and began cultivating fruit, for which the area was a well known centre in colonial Australia.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Smith had numerous children and was a prominent figure in the district, earning the nickname \"Granny\" Smith in her advanced years.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The first description of the origin of the Granny Smith apple was not published until 1924.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ Apples appear in many religious traditions, often as a mystical or forbidden fruit.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ One of the problems identifying apples in religion, mythology and folktales is that as late as the 17th century, the word \"apple\" was used as a generic term for all (foreign) fruit other than berries, but including nuts.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ This term may even have extended to plant galls, as they were thought to be of plant origin (see oak apple).", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ For instance, when tomatoes were introduced into Europe, they were called \"love apples\".", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ In one Old English work, cucumbers are called \"eorþæppla\" (lit.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ \"earth-apples'), just as in French, Dutch, Hebrew, Afrikaans, Persian and Swiss German as well as several other German dialects, the words for potatoes mean \"earth-apples\" in English.", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Fruit tree pollination __knowledge__ Pollination of fruit trees is required to produce seeds with surrounding fruit.", "Fruit tree pollination __knowledge__ It is the process of moving pollen from the anther to the stigma, either in the same flower or in another flower.", "Fruit tree pollination __knowledge__ Some tree species, including many fruit trees, do not produce fruit from self-pollination, so pollinizer trees are planted in orchards.", "Fruit tree pollination __knowledge__ The pollination process requires a carrier for the pollen, which can be animal, wind, or human intervention (by hand-pollination or by using a pollen sprayer).", "Fruit tree pollination __knowledge__ Cross pollination produces seeds with a different genetic makeup from the parent plants; such seeds may be created deliberately as part of a selective breeding program for fruit trees with desired attributes.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ The codling moth (\"Cydia pomonella\") is a member of the Lepidopteran family Tortricidae.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ They are major pests to agricultural crops, mainly fruits such as apples and pears.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ Because the larvae are not able to feed on leaves, they are highly dependent on fruits as a food source and thus have a significant impact on crops.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ The caterpillars bore into fruit and stop it from growing, which leads to premature ripening.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ Various means of control, including chemical, biological, and preventative, have been implemented.They are widespread across the world, found on six continents.", "Codling moth __knowledge__ Adaptive behavior such as diapause and multiple generations per breeding season have allowed these moths to persist even during years of bad climatic conditions.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ The golden apple is an element that appears in various national and ethnic folk legends or fairy tales.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Recurring themes depict a hero (for example Hercules or Făt-Frumos) retrieving the golden apples hidden or stolen by a monstrous antagonist.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Alternatively, they are depicted as divine food and the source of immortality in Norse mythology, and as part of the mysterious apple branch of Otherworld in Irish mythology.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Three instances of golden apples were featured in Greek mythology: The first case concerns a huntress named Atalanta who raced against a suitor named Melanion.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Melanion used golden apples to distract Atalanta so that he could win the race.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The tree is thought to be a hybrid of \"Malus sylvestris\", the European Wild Apple, with the domestic apple \"M. domestica\" as the polleniser.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The fruit has hard, light green skin and a crisp, juicy flesh.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They go from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The acidity mellows significantly on ripening, and it takes on a balanced flavour.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Though also consumed raw, it is one of the most popular cooking apples.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith cultivar originated in Eastwood, New South Wales, Australia (now a suburb of Sydney) in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Its discoverer, Maria Ann Smith, had emigrated to the district from Beckley, East Sussex in 1839 with her husband Thomas.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They purchased a small orchard in the area in 1855-1856 and began cultivating fruit, for which the area was a well known centre in colonial Australia.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Smith had numerous children and was a prominent figure in the district, earning the nickname \"Granny\" Smith in her advanced years.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The first description of the origin of the Granny Smith apple was not published until 1924.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a song by American singer Madonna, from her fourth studio album of the same name.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Sire Records released it as the album's lead single on March 3, 1989.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the track denoted a more artistic and personal approach to songwriting for Madonna, who believed that she needed to cater more to her adult audience.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ The song is about a passionate young girl in love with God, who becomes the only male figure in her life.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a pop rock song and incorporates gospel music.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ It features background vocals from a choir and also a rock guitar.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ A major subset of the \"Discworld\" novels of Terry Pratchett involves the witches of Lancre.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ They are closely based on witches in British folklore and a slightly tongue-in-cheek reinterpretation of the Triple Goddess.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ Witch magic is very different from the wizard magic taught in the Unseen University, and consists largely of finding the right lever that makes everything else work.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ Witches rarely do any magic, in fact, relying more on common sense, hard work, and a peculiar brand of psychology known as \"headology\".", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ This can be taken very far - a witch's way of magically setting fire to a log of wood consists of staring at the log until it burns up from pure embarrassment.", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Granny Weatherwax __knowledge__ Esmerelda \"Esme\" Weatherwax (also Granny Weatherwax or Mistress Weatherwax) is a fictional character from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Granny Weatherwax __knowledge__ She is a witch and member of the Lancre coven.", "Granny Weatherwax __knowledge__ She is the self-appointed guardian of her small country, and frequently defends it against supernatural powers.", "Granny Weatherwax __knowledge__ She is one of the \"Discworld\" series's main protagonists, having major roles in seven novels.", "Granny Weatherwax __knowledge__ She is a very powerful witch, and is reckoned to be more powerful than the most well-known witch on the Discworld, Black Aliss (real name: Aliss Demurrage), who is responsible for any number of witcheries in fairy tales, such as putting a castle to sleep and getting pushed into her own oven by naughty children.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ Tiffany Aching is a fictional character in Terry Pratchett's satirical \"Discworld\" series of fantasy novels.", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ Her name in Nac Mac Feegle is Tir-far-thóinn or \"Land Under Wave\".", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ Tiffany is a trainee witch whose growth into her job forms one of the many arcs in the \"Discworld\" series.", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ She is the main character in \"The Wee Free Men\", \"A Hat Full of Sky\", \"Wintersmith\", \"I Shall Wear Midnight\" and \"The Shepherd's Crown\".", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ Tiffany grows up over the course of the series, from nine years old in \"The Wee Free Men\" to being in her late teens in \"The Shepherd's Crown\".", "Tiffany Aching __knowledge__ Beginning with \"The Wee Free Men\" in 2003, the main Discworld books featuring Tiffany Aching are: Pratchett has said Tiffany Aching \"...started with a girl lying down by a river, on the first page of \"The Wee Free Men\"\".", "The Smiths __knowledge__ The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982.", "The Smiths __knowledge__ The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce.", "The Smiths __knowledge__ Critics have called them one of the most important bands to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s.", "The Smiths __knowledge__ \"Q\" magazine's Simon Goddard argued in 2007 that the Smiths were \"the one truly vital voice of the '80s\", \"the most influential British guitar group of the decade\" and the \"first indie outsiders to achieve mainstream success on their own terms\".", "The Smiths __knowledge__ \"NME\" named the Smiths the \"most influential artist ever\" in a 2002 poll." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The tree is thought to be a hybrid of \"Malus sylvestris\", the European Wild Apple, with the domestic apple \"M. domestica\" as the polleniser.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The fruit has hard, light green skin and a crisp, juicy flesh.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They go from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The acidity mellows significantly on ripening, and it takes on a balanced flavour.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Though also consumed raw, it is one of the most popular cooking apples.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith cultivar originated in Eastwood, New South Wales, Australia (now a suburb of Sydney) in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Its discoverer, Maria Ann Smith, had emigrated to the district from Beckley, East Sussex in 1839 with her husband Thomas.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They purchased a small orchard in the area in 1855-1856 and began cultivating fruit, for which the area was a well known centre in colonial Australia.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Smith had numerous children and was a prominent figure in the district, earning the nickname \"Granny\" Smith in her advanced years.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The first description of the origin of the Granny Smith apple was not published until 1924.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce, cuisine and cooking methods.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Commonly used in China, it has been used in England since the Middle Ages, and remains popular in Europe and in the Americas.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Some authors say that the original sweet and sour sauce () came from the Chinese province of Hunan, but the sauce in this area is a light vinegar and sugar mixture not resembling what most people, including the Chinese, would call sweet and sour.", "Sweet and sour __knowledge__ Many places in China use a sweet and sour sauce as a dipping sauce for fish and meat, rather than in cooking as is commonly found in westernized Chinese cuisine.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances.", "Taste __knowledge__ Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis.", "Taste __knowledge__ The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ A pisco sour is an alcoholic cocktail of Peruvian origin that is typical of the cuisines from Chile and Peru, considered also a South American classic.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The drink's name comes from \"pisco\", which is its base liquor, and the cocktail term \"sour\", in reference to sour citrus juice and sweetener components.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The Peruvian pisco sour uses Peruvian \"pisco\" as the base liquor and adds freshly squeezed lime juice, syrup, ice, egg white, and Angostura bitters.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ The Chilean version is similar, but uses Chilean \"pisco\" and pica lime, and excludes the bitters and egg white.", "Pisco sour __knowledge__ Other variants of the cocktail include those created with fruits like pineapple or plants such as coca leaves.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Prunus cerasus __knowledge__ Prunus cerasus (sour cherry, tart cherry, or dwarf cherry) is a species of \"Prunus\" in the subgenus \"Cerasus\" (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia.", "Prunus cerasus __knowledge__ It is closely related to the sweet cherry (\"Prunus avium\"), but has a fruit that is more acidic.", "Prunus cerasus __knowledge__ The tree is smaller than the sweet cherry (growing to a height of 4–10 m), has twiggy branches, and its crimson-to-near-black cherries are borne upon shorter stalks.", "Prunus cerasus __knowledge__ There are several varieties of the sour cherry: the dark-red morello cherry and the lighter-red varieties including the amarelle cherry, and the popular Montmorency cherry.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "Chardonnay __knowledge__ Chardonnay () is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine.", "Chardonnay __knowledge__ The variety originated in the Burgundy wine region of eastern France, but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from England to New Zealand.", "Chardonnay __knowledge__ It is also used in Italy to produce sparkling wines like Franciacorta for example.", "Chardonnay __knowledge__ For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a \"rite of passage\" and an easy entry into the international wine market.", "Chardonnay __knowledge__ The Chardonnay grape itself is very neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the grape being derived from such influences as \"terroir\" and oak.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names) is a white wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Its high acidity means it can be used to make everything from sparkling wines to well-balanced dessert wines, although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Outside the Loire it is found in most of the New World wine regions; it is the most widely planted variety in South Africa, where it is also known as Steen.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by Jan van Riebeeck in 1655, or it may have come to that country with Huguenots fleeing France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.", "Acids in wine __knowledge__ The acids in wine are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine.", "Acids in wine __knowledge__ They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria.", "Acids in wine __knowledge__ The measure of the amount of acidity in wine is known as the “titratable acidity” or “total acidity”, which refers to the test that yields the total of all acids present, while strength of acidity is measured according to pH, with most wines having a pH between 2.9 and 3.9.", "Acids in wine __knowledge__ Generally, the lower the pH, the higher the acidity in the wine.", "Sauvignon blanc __knowledge__ Depending on the climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical.", "Sauvignon blanc __knowledge__ In cooler climates, the grape has a tendency to produce wines with noticeable acidity and \"green flavors\" of grass, green bell peppers and nettles with some tropical fruit (such as passion fruit) and floral (such as elderflower) notes.", "Sauvignon blanc __knowledge__ In warmer climates, it can develop more tropical fruit notes but risk losing a lot of aromatics from over-ripeness, leaving only slight grapefruit and tree fruit (such as peach) notes.", "Sauvignon blanc __knowledge__ Wine experts have used the phrase \"crisp, elegant, and fresh\" as a favorable description of Sauvignon blanc from the Loire Valley and New Zealand.", "Liam Mellows __knowledge__ Liam (William Joseph) Mellows (25 May 1892 – 8 December 1922; surname often misspelled as \"Mellowes\") was an Irish republican and Sinn Féin politician.", "Liam Mellows __knowledge__ Born in England, to a British Army father, Mellows grew up in Ashton-Under-Lyne, Dublin, Cork and Wexford (where his mother was born).", "Liam Mellows __knowledge__ He was active with the Irish Republican Brotherhood and Irish Volunteers, and participated in the Easter Rising in County Galway, and the War of Independence.", "Liam Mellows __knowledge__ Elected as a TD to the First Dáil, he rejected the Anglo-Irish Treaty and was captured by pro-Treaty forces during the Irish Civil War.", "Liam Mellows __knowledge__ Mellows was executed by Free State forces in 1922.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ Federico Scappi (born 13 May 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ Born in Guastalla, the Province of Reggio-Emilia, Emilia region, Scappi started his career at Reggio for Reggiana.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ On 27 July 2010 he was signed by Serie A defending champion of 2010, Lombard club Internazionale in temporary deal for €30,000 with option to purchase half of the registration rights.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ Scappi was a player of Inter U17 team in 2010–11 season.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ In June the loan deal was renewed for €50,000.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ Scappi spent another season for Inter U18 team in 2011–12 Berretti League.", "Federico Scappi __knowledge__ Scappi returned to Emilia for its U19 reserve on 1 July 2012, despite also in Berretti League." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The tree is thought to be a hybrid of \"Malus sylvestris\", the European Wild Apple, with the domestic apple \"M. domestica\" as the polleniser.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The fruit has hard, light green skin and a crisp, juicy flesh.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They go from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The acidity mellows significantly on ripening, and it takes on a balanced flavour.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Though also consumed raw, it is one of the most popular cooking apples.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith cultivar originated in Eastwood, New South Wales, Australia (now a suburb of Sydney) in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Its discoverer, Maria Ann Smith, had emigrated to the district from Beckley, East Sussex in 1839 with her husband Thomas.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They purchased a small orchard in the area in 1855-1856 and began cultivating fruit, for which the area was a well known centre in colonial Australia.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Smith had numerous children and was a prominent figure in the district, earning the nickname \"Granny\" Smith in her advanced years.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The first description of the origin of the Granny Smith apple was not published until 1924.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ Apple Pie ABC is one of the earliest and most enduring English alphabet rhymes for children.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ The Apple Pie ABC is a simple rhyme meant to teach children the order of the alphabet and relates the various ways children react to an apple pie.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ After the first line, \"A was an apple pie\", the rest of the letters refer to verbs.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ The earliest printed versions, dating from the 18th century, have the following form: \"A was an Apple pie; B bit it; C cut it; D dealt it; E eat it; F fought for it; G got it; H had it; J joined it; K kept it; L longed for it; M mourned for it; N nodded at it; O opened it; P peeped in it; Q quartered it; R ran for it; S stole it; T took it; V viewed it; W wanted it; X, Y, Z, and ampersand, All wished for a piece in hand\".", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Like virtually all other electoral systems, in the two-round system, there is potential for both tactical voting and strategic nomination.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Tactical voting is where voters do not vote in accordance with their true preferences, but instead vote insincerely in an attempt to influence the result.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Runoff voting is intended as a method that reduces tactical voting, but two tactics called compromising and pushover are still possible in many circumstances.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ In particular voters are strongly encouraged to compromise by voting for one of the three leading candidates in the first round of an election.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Strategic nomination is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the exhaustive ballot the elector simply casts a single vote for his or her favorite candidate.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ However, if no candidate is supported by an overall majority of votes then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and a further round of voting occurs.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ This process is repeated for as many rounds as necessary until one candidate has a majority.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is similar to the two-round system but with key differences.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the two round system if no candidate wins a majority on the first round, only the top two recipients of votes advance to the second (and final) round of voting, and a majority winner is determined in the second round.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia __knowledge__ White Hall is an unincorporated farming community in northern Frederick County, Virginia, established in the late 1810s and located near the crossroads of Apple Pie Ridge Road (VA 739) with Green Spring and White Hall (VA 671) Roads, astride Apple Pie Ridge (922 feet/281 meters).", "White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia __knowledge__ Apple Pie Ridge Road runs 8.8 miles along the key local terrain feature, which is the Apple Pie Ridge located between the city of Winchester and the West Virginia border, starting at U.S. 522 beside James Wood High School.", "White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia __knowledge__ The road passes the Upper Ridge Quaker Cemetery, then continues past Hiatt's Hill and Hiatt Road, where Edward Braddock led a march of British forces past this area on the way to capture Fort Duquesne near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Apple Pie Motherhood Band __knowledge__ Apple Pie Motherhood Band was an American psychedelic rock band formed in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1967.", "Apple Pie Motherhood Band __knowledge__ One of the several groups involved in the \"Bosstown Sound\", a commercial ploy designed to compete with the San Francisco Sound, the band developed a blend of psychedelia, blues rock, and hard rock, which was exemplified and expanded upon on their two albums.", "Apple Pie Motherhood Band __knowledge__ The group went through several line-up changes before disbanding in 1970.", "Apple Pie Motherhood Band __knowledge__ The band originated from the garage rock outfit, C. C. and the Chasers, who became the house band at the Unicorn Coffeehouse in Boston, and released an obscure single, \"Put the Clock Back on the Wall\", for the small Cori label, in 1964.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The tree is thought to be a hybrid of \"Malus sylvestris\", the European Wild Apple, with the domestic apple \"M. domestica\" as the polleniser.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The fruit has hard, light green skin and a crisp, juicy flesh.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They go from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The acidity mellows significantly on ripening, and it takes on a balanced flavour.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Though also consumed raw, it is one of the most popular cooking apples.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The Granny Smith cultivar originated in Eastwood, New South Wales, Australia (now a suburb of Sydney) in 1868.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Its discoverer, Maria Ann Smith, had emigrated to the district from Beckley, East Sussex in 1839 with her husband Thomas.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ They purchased a small orchard in the area in 1855-1856 and began cultivating fruit, for which the area was a well known centre in colonial Australia.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ Smith had numerous children and was a prominent figure in the district, earning the nickname \"Granny\" Smith in her advanced years.", "Granny Smith __knowledge__ The first description of the origin of the Granny Smith apple was not published until 1924.", "Great Sounds Great, Good Sounds Good, So-so Sounds So-so, Bad Sounds Bad, Rotten Sounds Rotten __knowledge__ Great Sounds Great, Good Sounds Good, So-so Sounds So-so, Bad Sounds Bad, Rotten Sounds Rotten (usually simply known as Great Sounds Great) is the second EP released by The Clean, a lo-fi rock band from Dunedin, New Zealand.", "Great Sounds Great, Good Sounds Good, So-so Sounds So-so, Bad Sounds Bad, Rotten Sounds Rotten __knowledge__ It was released by Flying Nun Records on 12\" vinyl in 1982.", "Great Sounds Great, Good Sounds Good, So-so Sounds So-so, Bad Sounds Bad, Rotten Sounds Rotten __knowledge__ The EP is included in its entirety, and in the same running order, as part of The Clean's 2003 CD release Anthology.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ Samuel Cook(1786-1861) lived in Dudley in the 19th century, where he promoted Radical political causes.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ He agitated for political reform, displaying political posters in the windows of his draper's shop.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ He became Chairman of the Dudley Political Union, which advocated parliamentary reform, and had a leading role in the Dudley Chartist movement.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ His political agitation resulted in him being put on trial on many occasions.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ Samuel Cook was born on 15 July 1786 in Trowbridge.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ He was the son of Samuel and Amy Cook, his father being a cloth maker.", "Samuel Cook (Chartist) __knowledge__ Cook served an apprenticeship with a draper at Poole.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ Katie Cook (b.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ 8 Jan) is an English actress, host and correspondent with the Country Music Television network in the United States.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ She has been with the network since 2001.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ She currently hosts \"CMT Insider\".", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ Cook often appears as the host of CMT's live or recorded segments from red carpet events and has interviewed Taylor Swift, Nicole Kidman and Reese Witherspoon.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ She formerly appeared as host of \"CMT Most Wanted Live\" from 2002 until its cancellation in 2004.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ Cook was born in London, England, to Hall of Fame songwriter Roger Cook and Joan Cook.", "Katie Cook __knowledge__ Cook moved to America at age 5 and was brought up in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Kerry Max Cook __knowledge__ Kerry Max Cook (born 1956) is a former Death Row inmate who was wrongfully convicted of the rape and murder of 21-year-old Linda Jo Edwards in 1977.", "Kerry Max Cook __knowledge__ Cook was born in Stuttgart, West Germany, and moved to Texas with his family in 1972.", "Kerry Max Cook __knowledge__ Kerry Max Cook served over 20 years in a Texas prison on Death Row.", "Kerry Max Cook __knowledge__ Since his release, Cook has become an activist against the death penalty, speaking across the United States and in Europe.", "Kerry Max Cook __knowledge__ Cook has written a book published by HarperCollins entitled \"Chasing Justice\" which details his conviction, the widespread prosecutorial abuses which led to it, and the battle to prove his innocence.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ Charles David Cook (February 26, 1935 – May 23, 2001) was a US legislator.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ He served in the New York State legislature for over 25 years.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ He was elected Senator in 1978.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ During his time in office, Cook represented all or parts of 11 different counties, or one-sixth of all the counties in New York State.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ He is mainly remembered for his work in health care, education, rural issues, and reproductive choice.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ Born in Deposit, New York, Charles David Cook graduated from Hancock Central School in 1952, and received his bachelor's degree in political science from Hartwick College in 1956.", "Charles D. Cook __knowledge__ He became editor of the \"Bainbridge News\" in 1957, and entered the U.S. Army in 1958.", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ Barrie Cook is an abstract artist living and working on The Lizard in Cornwall.", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ As well as exhibiting in Truro regularly, his works are held in national collections including Tate, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, The Arts Council & the Government Art Collection.", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ He taught at Coventry College of Art, Cardiff College of Art, Birmingham Polytechnic and the University of Wales.", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ Born in Birmingham, in 1929, Cook served in the Army during World War II.", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ He married Mary, in Birmingham in 1951 whilst a student at Birmingham College of Art (1949–1954).", "Barrie Cook __knowledge__ Cook began teaching immediately after leaving College.", "Olive Cook __knowledge__ Olive Muriel Cook (20 February 1912 – 2 May 2002), was a British writer and artist, who published county guides, as well as writing various books accompanied by the work of her husband, the photographer Edwin Smith.", "Olive Cook __knowledge__ Olive Muriel Cook was born on 20 February 1912, at 43 Garden Walk, Chesterton, Cambridge, the daughter of Arthur Hugh Cook, an assistant at Cambridge University Library, and his wife, Kate Cook, née Webb.", "Olive Cook __knowledge__ She won scholarships to The Perse School and Newnham College, Cambridge, where she earned a bachelor's degree in modern languages.", "Olive Cook __knowledge__ After Cambridge, Cook worked for the publishers Chatto and Windus as a typographer.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Like virtually all other electoral systems, in the two-round system, there is potential for both tactical voting and strategic nomination.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Tactical voting is where voters do not vote in accordance with their true preferences, but instead vote insincerely in an attempt to influence the result.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Runoff voting is intended as a method that reduces tactical voting, but two tactics called compromising and pushover are still possible in many circumstances.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ In particular voters are strongly encouraged to compromise by voting for one of the three leading candidates in the first round of an election.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Strategic nomination is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ What Would You Do?", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ is a 30-minute television show hosted by Marc Summers shown on Nickelodeon from 1991 to 1993.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ Robin Marrella acted as the on-camera stagehand for the show's first season.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ Both Summers and Marrella performed their respective duties on \"Double Dare\", also on Nickelodeon.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ The show was produced in Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios in Florida; some early segments were produced at Universal Studios in Hollywood.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ During each show, the audience viewed a previously taped segment or stock film featuring children or families or others put in unusual situations.", "What Would You Do? (game show) __knowledge__ The tape was stopped before the outcome and Summers asked the audience to vote on either what they would do in the same situation or what the outcome would be.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the exhaustive ballot the elector simply casts a single vote for his or her favorite candidate.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ However, if no candidate is supported by an overall majority of votes then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and a further round of voting occurs.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ This process is repeated for as many rounds as necessary until one candidate has a majority.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is similar to the two-round system but with key differences.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the two round system if no candidate wins a majority on the first round, only the top two recipients of votes advance to the second (and final) round of voting, and a majority winner is determined in the second round.", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ Whipped cream is cream that is whipped by a whisk or mixer until it is light and fluffy.", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ Whipped cream is often sweetened and sometimes flavored with vanilla.", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ Sweetened whipped cream is also called Chantilly cream or crème chantilly ().", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ Whipped cream is a culinary colloid produced when heavy cream is subjected to mechanical aeration.", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ Air is incorporated into cream containing at least 35% fat by one of two processes: mechanical agitation with a high-speed blade or whip, or injecting a gas under high pressure, which expands rapidly when released from pressurized containment.", "Whipped cream __knowledge__ During whipping, partially coalesced fat molecules create a stabilized network which traps air bubbles.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda." ] ]

[ 4, 6, 7, 14, 58 ]

[ "Yes, in particular I like Granny Smiths, the lovely hard light green crispy apples.", "Once they ripen their acidity mellows and the flavors balance out.", "They are very popular in cooking although they are often consumed raw. On the tart side", "Yes, apple pie is freat with ice cream or whipped cream or with cheddar on the side!", "I do often cook apple pies, a classic US comfort food" ]

[ "Granny Smith", "Granny Smith", "Granny Smith", "Granny Smith", "Granny Smith" ]

[ "Prince (musician)\nI really liked Prince, the singer. He had some great songs !", "Yes, he had all of that! I was so sad to hear when he passed away.", "Wow its been that long already. Seems like it just happened.", "That is so awesome!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles\", including \"Hurts So Good\", \"Jack & Diane\", \"Crumblin' Down\", \"Pink Houses\", \"Lonely Ol' Night\", \"Small Town\", \"R.O.C.K.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ in the U.S.A.\", \"Paper in Fire\", and \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "XTC __knowledge__ XTC were an English rock band formed in Swindon in 1972 and active until 2006.", "XTC __knowledge__ Led by songwriters Andy Partridge and Colin Moulding, the band gained popularity during the rise of punk and new wave in the 1970s, later playing in a variety of styles that ranged from angular guitar riffs to elaborately arranged pop.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partly because the group did not fit into contemporary trends, they failed to maintain commercial success in the UK and US.", "XTC __knowledge__ They have since attracted a considerable cult following, and are recognised for their influence on Britpop and later power pop acts.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partridge (guitar, vocals) and Moulding (bass, vocals) met at a record store in the early 1970s and subsequently formed a glitter rock outfit with drummer Terry Chambers.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Streets of Fire is a 1984 film directed by Walter Hill and co-written by Hill and Larry Gross.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It is described in its opening credits and posters as \"A Rock & Roll Fable\".", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ The film is a mix of musical, action, neo-noir, drama, and comedy, with elements of retro-1950s and 1980s.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It stars Michael Paré as a soldier of fortune who returns home to rescue his ex-girlfriend (Diane Lane) who has been kidnapped by the leader of a biker gang (Willem Dafoe).", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Some of the film was shot on the backlot of Universal Studios in California, on two large sets covered in a tarp 1,240 feet long by 220 feet wide, so that night scenes could be filmed during the day.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Alex Webster (born October 25, 1969) is an American bass player, who is best known as a member of the death metal band Cannibal Corpse.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He is one of two current members who were of the original lineup of the band, the other being drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He is also the bassist for the band Blotted Science and the supergroup Conquering Dystopia, and before Cannibal Corpse was formed he was part of Beyond Death.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Webster was born in Akron, New York.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ He has stated \"I just always liked music since I was a little kid.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ Music was always a soundtrack in my head to things going on in my life.", "Alex Webster __knowledge__ I always wanted to play.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a song recorded by American singer Janet Jackson for to the 2000 film \"\".", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was released as a single in May 21, 2000, after an unfinished version leaked to radio.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a contemporary R&B and electropop song which speaks about loving a person for who they are and disregarding their physical appearance.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ It was based on an incomplete poem Jackson had written, which was later applied to her character in the film.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was a contrast from the bleak tone of prior album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997), returning to a brighter and more contemporary sound." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ Khem Veasna (; ; born 11 December 1965) is a Cambodian politician, the founder of the League for Democracy Party,businessman and a former actor, producer, director, representative of the Sam Rainsy Party for Prey Veng Province.", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ He currently serves as the president of the League for Democracy Party (LDP).", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ He is addressed by everybody as their relative \"Brother Veasna\" or \"Uncle Veasna\".", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ He is recognized by his supporters as the first Cambodian revolutionary.", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ Veasna is a graduate of the Department of Media and Communication (RUPP).", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ After graduation, he worked there for one and a half years.", "Khem Veasna __knowledge__ One more, He is a graduate of the Royal University of Law and Economics where he served as a generation president.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ James O'Halloran, KC (c.1820 – June 1, 1913) was a Quebec lawyer and political figure.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He was born about 1820 (some sources say 1821) near Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland and came to Canada with his family in 1828.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He studied at the University of Vermont and served in the U.S. Army during the war with Mexico.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He returned to Lower Canada in 1849, was admitted to the bar in 1852 and set up practice in Cowansville.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Missisquoi as a member of the parti rouge; he was reelected in 1863.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He opposed Confederation.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ O'Halloran was named Queen's Counsel on February 12, 1864.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Farrokh \"Freddie\" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 194624 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", and \"We Are the Champions\".", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.", "Freddie Mercury __knowledge__ Mercury was born of Parsi descent in the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and grew up there and in India before moving with his family to Middlesex, England, in his teens.", "Peter Gabriel __knowledge__ Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950) is an English singer-songwriter, record producer and humanitarian who rose to fame as the original lead singer and flautist of the progressive rock band Genesis.", "Peter Gabriel __knowledge__ After leaving Genesis in 1975, Gabriel launched a successful solo career with \"Solsbury Hill\" as his first single.", "Peter Gabriel __knowledge__ His 1986 album, \"So\", is his best-selling release and is certified triple platinum in the UK and five times platinum in the U.S.", "Peter Gabriel __knowledge__ The album's most successful single, \"Sledgehammer\", won a record nine MTV Awards at the 1987 MTV Video Music Awards.", "Peter Gabriel __knowledge__ Gabriel has been a champion of world music for much of his career.", "Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39 __knowledge__ Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata (\"Break with hungry men thy bread\" or \"Give the hungry ones thy bread\"), , in Leipzig and first performed on 23 June 1726, the first Sunday after Trinity that year.", "Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39 __knowledge__ Three years earlier, on the first Sunday after Trinity in 1723, Bach had taken office as and started his first cycle of cantatas for Sundays and Feast Days in the liturgical year.", "Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39 __knowledge__ On the first Sunday after Trinity in 1724, he began his second cycle, consisting of chorale cantatas.", "Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39 __knowledge__ The cantata \"\" is regarded as part of Bach's third cantata cycle which was written sporadically between 1725 and 1727.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The six sonatas for violin and obbligato harpsichord BWV 1014–1019 by Johann Sebastian Bach are works in trio sonata form, with the two upper parts in the harpsichord and violin over a bass line supplied by the harpsichord and an optional viola da gamba.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ Unlike baroque sonatas for solo instrument and continuo, where the realisation of the figured bass was left to the discretion of the performer, the keyboard part in the sonatas was almost entirely specified by Bach.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ They were probably mostly composed during Bach's final years in Cöthen between 1720 and 1723, before he moved to Leipzig.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The extant sources for the collection span the whole of Bach's period in Leipzig, during which time he continued to make changes to the score.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: An agent who tells Mr Tawny he can make a great singer out of him.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Though his voice is terrible, people will want to see a singing tiger.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Billy tells him not to be forced into something he does not want, and when Hooey tries to stop him he transforms and tries to throw him out.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ But Hal flatters Tawny, making him sign the contract.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Cap criticises him, Hal claims he is jealous.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ A Gala party is arranged to celebrate this next day, but Hal drops the invitation to Captain Marvel into the bin as he wants their friendship to break up.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "The Corean Chronicles __knowledge__ The Corean Chronicles is a fantasy series of books by the author L. E. Modesitt, Jr.. As of 2011, it consists of: The current books in the series comprise two trilogies in different time frames of the same world, with significant ties to each other.", "The Corean Chronicles __knowledge__ The first three books are set in a time frame roughly a thousand years after the events in the later three books.", "The Corean Chronicles __knowledge__ The first trilogy introduces the world of Corus as a world that used to be ruled by a great civilization, that spanned the entire continent.", "The Corean Chronicles __knowledge__ However, a magical disaster caused its fall, ending a golden age.", "The Corean Chronicles __knowledge__ In the books, Corus is full of countries fighting for superiority, humans struggling to survive, and strange animals that are a product of and dependent on the life force-derived magic of the world.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine water that contain few nutrients.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Often called \"rainforests of the sea\", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The 2016 Bank of America 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race that was scheduled to be held on October 8, 2016, but was postponed until October 9, 2016, because of Hurricane Matthew, at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate speedway, it was the 30th race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, fourth race of the Chase, and first race of the Round of 12.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The race was held at Charlotte Motor Speedway, a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The complex features a quad-oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend, the Sprint All-Star Race, and the Bank of America 500.", "The Sweeney __knowledge__ The Sweeney is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London.", "The Sweeney __knowledge__ The programme's title derives from \"Sweeney Todd\", which is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Flying Squad\".", "The Sweeney __knowledge__ The programme was shot on 16mm film by Thames Television's film division, Euston Films.", "The Sweeney __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on ITV between 2 January 1975 and 28 December 1978 at 21:00–22:00 on weekdays (usually Mondays), with repeated screenings at the same time until the early 1980s.", "The Sweeney __knowledge__ It starred John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman as his partner, Detective Sergeant George Carter.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ The 2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on August 7, 2016 at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ Contested over 90 laps on the road course, it was the 22nd race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ Denny Hamlin won the race, his second of the season.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ Joey Logano finished second.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ Brad Keselowski, A. J. Allmendinger and Tony Stewart rounded out the top-five.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ The race had nine lead changes among eight different drivers, eight cautions for 20 laps and two red flags for 30 minutes and three seconds.", "2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen __knowledge__ Watkins Glen International (nicknamed \"The Glen\") is an automobile race track located in Watkins Glen, New York at the southern tip of Seneca Lake." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ 1000 Awesome Things is a regularly updated, Webby Award winning blog written by Neil Pasricha, who posts one awesome thing in life each weekday.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The site was launched on June 20, 2008 with #1000 Broccoflower and is counting down until it hits #1.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The topics covered on the blog are varied, and range from #981, Wearing underwear just out of the dryer, to #858, The other side of the pillow, and #773, watching your odometer click over a major milestone.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ An awesome thing is posted every weekday and #1 was posted on April 19, 2012.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The website has a live stats counter on it and has approximately 48 million hits.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome, Inc. is an American online media production company based in Lombard, Illinois.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ The company was created in 2008 by Mike Michaud, Mike Ellis, and Bhargav Dronamraju.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome operated the That Guy with the Glasses website (often abbreviated TGWTG) until late 2014, when it was replaced by the \"Channel Awesome\" website.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ \"That Guy with the Glasses\" previously hosted fellow channels by \"Bar Fiesta\" beginning in November 2009, \"Blistered Thumbs\" beginning in November 2010.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ As of May 2015, Channel Awesome currently hosts a YouTube channel of the same name with an emphasis on the Walker Brothers' content, as well as the YouTube channel \"League of Super Critics\" that includes several of the site's other top producers.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress.", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ After signing to Columbia Records, she released her debut album, \"Mariah Carey\" (1990), which spawned four number-one singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart: \"Vision of Love\", \"Love Takes Time\", \"Someday\", and \"I Don't Wanna Cry\".", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Following her marriage to Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey became the label's highest-selling act with the albums \"Music Box\" (1993), \"Merry Christmas\" (1994), and \"Daydream\" (1995).", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ These albums spawned a string of successful singles including the international number-one \"Without You\", holiday track \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", and \"One Sweet Day\", which became the longest-running U.S. number-one single in history with a total of 16 weeks.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "Biddu __knowledge__ Biddu Appaiah (born 1944), is an Indian-born, England-based singer-songwriter, composer and music producer who produced and composed many hit records worldwide during a career spanning five decades.", "Biddu __knowledge__ Considered one of the pioneers of disco, Euro disco, and Indian pop, he has sold millions of records worldwide, and has received Grammy and Ivor Novello awards for his work.", "Biddu __knowledge__ He has been ranked at number 34 on NME's \"The 50 Greatest Producers Ever\" list.", "Biddu __knowledge__ Biddu was born in Bangalore, Karnataka, India.", "Biddu __knowledge__ He began his music career in the 1960s, singing as part of a music band in India before moving to England where he would start his career as a producer.", "Spice Girls __knowledge__ The Spice Girls were an English pop girl group formed in 1994.", "Spice Girls __knowledge__ The group originally consisted of Melanie Brown (\"Scary Spice\"), Melanie Chisholm (\"Sporty Spice\"), Emma Bunton (\"Baby Spice\"), Geri Halliwell (\"Ginger Spice\"), and Victoria Beckham, née Adams (\"Posh Spice\").", "Spice Girls __knowledge__ They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996, which hit number one in 37 countries and established them as a global phenomenon.", "Spice Girls __knowledge__ Their debut album \"Spice\" sold more than 31 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling album by a female group in history.", "Spice Girls __knowledge__ Their follow-up album \"Spiceworld\" sold over 20 million copies worldwide.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions and television shows as a child before signing with Jive Records in 1997.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Spears's first and second studio albums, \"...Baby One More Time\" (1999) and \"Oops!...", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ I Did It Again\" (2000), became international successes, with the former becoming the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Title tracks \"...Baby One More Time\" and \"Oops!...", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ I Did It Again\" broke international sales records." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 4, 5 ]

[ "Me too! I loved his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, crazy makeup, and incredible vocal range.", "Yea it was really unfortunate to loose another talented individual. His death on April 21, 2016 shook the world.", "Yea I agree. A testament to his legacy is that he sold over 100 million records worldwide! This makes him one of the best selling musicians of all time.", "And he also won eight Grammy's, six American Music Awards, and a Golden Globe Award." ]

[ "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)" ]

[ "Guitar", "Yeah, I play. It's not too hard once you understand that basics.", "I play the acoustic. Do you know how long people have had guitars?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ A Hard Day's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles—John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr—during the height of Beatlemania.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ The film portrays several days in the lives of the group.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ The film was a financial and critical success.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ \"Time\" magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films.", "A Hard Day's Night (film) __knowledge__ British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a \"comic fantasia with music; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book\" and awarded it a full four stars.", "Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera album) __knowledge__ Back to Basics is the fifth studio album by American singer Christina Aguilera.", "Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera album) __knowledge__ It was released on August 15, 2006 by RCA Records as a double album.", "Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera album) __knowledge__ Serving as executive producer, she enlisted a wide range of producers including DJ Premier, Rich Harrison, Rob Lewis, Mark Ronson, and Linda Perry.", "Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions began in Summer 2005 and ended in Spring 2006, taking place at Chalice Recording Studios and Record Plant.", "Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera album) __knowledge__ Inspired by Aguilera's 1920s–1950s idols, including Billie Holiday, Otis Redding, Etta James, and Ella Fitzgerald, \"Back to Basics\" was described by Aguilera herself as a fusion of old-school jazz and soul inspirations with a modernized style.", "Dave Beer __knowledge__ Dave Beer (born David Michael Beer on 24 January 1965) is a Yorkshire music mogul who achieved notoriety in the 1990s as the promoter of the UK’s longest running club night Back To Basics.", "Dave Beer __knowledge__ In the early days, his passport occupation read \"purveyor of good times\" and he went on to be nicknamed by music Mixmag as the \"King Of Clubs\".", "Dave Beer __knowledge__ With his Leeds based club night \"Back To Basics\", Dave features as one of the youngest men in Leeds City Museum’s exhibition chronicling the popular culture of Leeds.", "Dave Beer __knowledge__ Dave Beer was born in Wakefield, West Yorkshire and grew up in a single parent family on a council estate in Pontefract.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings are lengths of a flexible material that a musical instrument holds under tension so that they can vibrate freely, but controllably.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings may be \"plain\", consisting only of a single material, like steel, nylon, or gut, or wound, having a \"core\" of one material and an overwinding of another.", "String (music) __knowledge__ This is to make the string vibrate at the desired pitch, while maintaining a low profile and sufficient flexibility for playability.", "String (music) __knowledge__ The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness.", "Capo __knowledge__ A capo, short for \"capo d'astro\", \"capo tasto\" or \"capotasto\" , Italian for \"head of fretboard\"; Spanish, \" capodastro\" ; French, \"capodastre\"; German, \"Kapodaster\"; Portuguese, \"capodastro\", Serbo-Croatian \"kapodaster\" or just \"kap\") is a device used on the neck of a stringed (typically fretted) instrument to shorten the playable length of the strings, hence raising the pitch.", "Capo __knowledge__ It is frequently used on guitars, mandolins, banjos, and ukuleles.", "Capo __knowledge__ The word derives from the Italian \"capotasto\" which means the nut of a stringed instrument.", "Capo __knowledge__ The earliest known use of the term \"capotasto\" is by Giovanni Battista Doni who, in his \"Annotazioni\" of 1640, uses it to describe the nut of a viola da gamba.", "Guitar tunings __knowledge__ Guitar tunings assign pitches to the open strings of guitars, including acoustic guitars, electric guitars and classical guitars, among others.", "Guitar tunings __knowledge__ Tunings can be described by the particular pitches that are denoted by notes in Western music.", "Guitar tunings __knowledge__ By convention, the notes are ordered from lowest-pitched string (i.e., the deepest bass note) to the highest-pitched (thickest string to the thinnest).", "Guitar tunings __knowledge__ The phrase “guitar tuning” also refers to the adjusting of the string-pitches to their desired tuning to a reference pitch–often a note from a piano or Hammond organ and/or tuning the guitar strings so that the strings are in tune relative to each other.", "Viol __knowledge__ The viol , viola da gamba , or (informally) gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitch of each of the strings.", "Viol __knowledge__ Frets on the viol are usually made of gut, tied on the fingerboard around the instrument's neck, to enable the performer to stop the strings more cleanly.", "Viol __knowledge__ Frets improve consistency of intonation and lend the stopped notes a tone which better matches the open strings.", "Viol __knowledge__ Viols first appeared in Spain in the mid to late 15th century and were most popular in the Renaissance and Baroque (1600-1750) periods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ A semi-acoustic guitar or hollow-body electric is a type of electric guitar that originates from the 1930s.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ It has both a sound box and one or more electric pickups.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This is not the same as an acoustic-electric guitar, which is an acoustic guitar with the addition of pickups or other means of amplification, added by either the manufacturer or the player.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ In the 1930s guitar players and manufacturers were attempting to increase the overall volume of the guitar, which had a hard time competing in loudness with other instruments—especially in large orchestras and jazz bands.", "Semi-acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This led makers to try a series of designs that focused on amplifying a guitar electrically through a loudspeaker.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ The acoustic bass guitar (sometimes shortened to acoustic bass or initialized ABG) is a bass instrument with a hollow wooden body similar to, though usually larger than a steel-string acoustic guitar.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ Like the traditional electric bass guitar and the double bass, the acoustic bass guitar commonly has four strings, which are normally tuned E-A-D-G, an octave below the lowest four strings of the 6-string guitar, which is the same tuning pitch as an electric bass guitar.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ Because it can sometimes be difficult to hear an acoustic bass guitar without an amplifier, even in settings with other acoustic instruments, most acoustic basses have pickups, either magnetic or piezoelectric or both, so that they can be amplified with a bass amp.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ An archtop guitar is a hollow steel-stringed acoustic or semi-acoustic guitar with a full body and a distinctive arched top, whose sound is particularly popular with jazz, blues, rockabilly and psychobilly guitarists.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Typically, an archtop guitar has: The archtop guitar is often credited to Orville Gibson, whose innovative designs led to the formation of the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Co, Ltd in 1902.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ His 1898 patent for a mandolin, which was also applicable to guitars according to the specifications, was intended to enhance \"power and quality of tone.\"", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Among the features of this instrument were a violin-style arched top and back, each carved from a single piece of wood, and thicker in the middle than at the sides; sides carved to shape from a single block of wood; and a lack of internal \"braces, splices, blocks or bridges … which, if employed, would rob the instrument of much of its volume of tone.\"", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ A bass amplifier or \"bass amp\" is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ Bass amps typically consist of a preamplifier, tone controls, a power amplifier and one or more loudspeakers (\"drivers\") in a cabinet.", "Bass amplifier __knowledge__ While bass amps share many features with the guitar amplifiers used for electric guitar, such as providing an amplifier with tone and volume controls and a carrying handle, they are distinct from other types of amplification systems, due to the particular challenges associated with low-frequency sound reproduction.", "Instrument amplifier __knowledge__ An instrument amplifier is an electronic device that converts the often barely audible or purely electronic signal of a musical instrument into an audible sound.", "Instrument amplifier __knowledge__ An instrument amplifier is used with musical instruments such as an electric guitar, an electric bass, electric organ, synthesizers and drum machine to convert the signal from the pickup (with guitars and other string instruments and some keyboards) or other sound source (e.g, a synthesizer's signal) into an electronic signal that has enough power, due to being routed through a power amplifier, capable of driving one or more loudspeaker that can be heard by the performers and audience.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ Fingerstyle guitar is the technique of playing the guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips, fingernails, or picks attached to fingers, as opposed to flatpicking (plucking individual notes with a single plectrum, commonly called a \"pick\").", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term \"fingerstyle\" is something of a misnomer, since it is present in several different genres and styles of music—but mostly, because it involves a completely different technique, not just a \"style\" of playing, especially for the guitarist's picking/plucking hand.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term is often used synonymously with fingerpicking, although fingerpicking can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues and country guitar playing in the US.", "Guitar amplifier __knowledge__ A guitar amplifier (or amp) is an electronic device or system that strengthens the weak electrical signal from a pickup on an electric guitar, bass guitar, or acoustic guitar so that it can produce sound through one or more loudspeakers, which are typically housed in a wooden cabinet.", "Guitar amplifier __knowledge__ A guitar amplifier may be a standalone wood or metal cabinet that contains only the power amplifier (and preamplifier) circuits, requiring the use of a separate speaker cabinet–or it may be a \"combo\" amplifier, which contains both the amplifier and one or more speakers in a wooden cabinet.", "Guitar amplifier __knowledge__ There is a wide range of sizes and power ratings for guitar amplifiers, from small, lightweight \"practice amplifiers\" with a single 6\" speaker to heavy combo amps with four 10” or four 12\" speakers and a powerful amplifier, which are loud enough to use in a nightclub or bar performance." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5 ]

[ "I want to learn guitar, the fretted instrument with six strings.", "Cool, do you play acoustic or electric guitar?", "Well the modern guitar was preceded by several other variations which date back 500 years." ]

[ "Guitar", "Guitar", "Guitar" ]

[ "Bacon\nWhat is this think that every one loves about Bacon?", "Me too! have you ever had it in a grilled cheese sandwich? DELICIOUS!", "It is! I like it with chicken too!", "No I have not! I bet it is yummy!", "Brine? What is that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ This article contains cast and character information for the ABS-CBN Philippine action drama television soap opera Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ 2nd Lt. Alexander \"Xander\" S. Del Tierro (Coco Martin) He comes from a prominent family with a strong military background.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ He has a domineering grandfather who is one of the country's feared generals, a manipulative mother solely devoted to pleasing her father, her husband but not her own son, and a father who is a respected military officer and the only one who truly understands him.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ He has consistently refused to join the military academy, but one major mistake made him decide otherwise.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ A New Day Has Come is the seventh English-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released by Sony Music Entertainment on 22 March 2002.", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ It was her first new studio album since 1997's \"Let's Talk About Love\".", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ Dion returned to the music scene after a two-year hiatus when she gave birth to her first child in 2001.", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ She collaborated on \"A New Day Has Come\" with various producers, including Anders Bagge and Peer Åström for the first time.", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ Dion's long-time producer and friend, David Foster, did not appear on this album.", "A New Day Has Come __knowledge__ \"A New Day Has Come\" garnered mostly positive reviews from the music critics, who noticed that Dion explores a \"broader, more adventurous\" range of pop music and \"dips its toe\" into modern music, particularly dance (\"Sorry for Love\").", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ Tony Wade Hayes (born April 20, 1969 in Bethel Acres, Oklahoma) is an American country music artist.", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ Signed to Columbia Records in 1994, he made his debut that year with his gold-certified album \"Old Enough to Know Better\".", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ Its title track, which served as his debut single, reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, and three more singles from it all reached Top Ten as well.", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ Hayes' second album, 1996's \"On a Good Night\", was also certified gold, although its No.", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ 2-peaking title track was the only Top 40 hit from it.", "Wade Hayes __knowledge__ \"When the Wrong One Loves You Right\", his third album, produced two more singles, including the No.", "Yoshi's Universal Gravitation __knowledge__ Yoshi's Universal Gravitation, known as Yoshi Topsy-Turvy in North America, is a platform game for the Game Boy Advance that was developed by Artoon and published by Nintendo.", "Yoshi's Universal Gravitation __knowledge__ It features a built-in tilt sensor, which is used to manipulate the game's environment.", "Yoshi's Universal Gravitation __knowledge__ By tilting the Game Boy Advance left or right, the player can tilt the game area, causing enemies and other objects to slide as the direction of gravity changes.", "Yoshi's Universal Gravitation __knowledge__ This gameplay mechanic is used to solve puzzles or aid Yoshi in completing levels.", "Yoshi's Universal Gravitation __knowledge__ Due to the tilt-sensing device that is required for gameplay, this game is one of the few Game Boy Advance titles that is not compatible with the Game Boy Player for the Nintendo GameCube.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Cheese sandwich __knowledge__ A cheese sandwich is a basic sandwich generally made with one or more varieties of cheese on any sort of bread, such as flat bread or wheat bread, that may include spreads such as butter or mayonnaise.", "Cheese sandwich __knowledge__ A grilled cheese sandwich is made by grilling the sandwich with butter or toasting it.", "Cheese sandwich __knowledge__ Popular British sandwiches include the cheese and pickle sandwich, the cheese and tomato sandwich and the cheese and onion sandwich.", "Cheese sandwich __knowledge__ Another cheese sandwich is the limburger sandwich.", "Cheese sandwich __knowledge__ Cooked meat can be added to cheese sandwiches, which is done with the ham and cheese sandwich and the bacon, egg and cheese sandwich.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ \"Grilled Cheesus\" is the third episode of the second season of the American television series \"Glee\", and the twenty-fifth episode overall.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon, and premiered on the Fox network on October 5, 2010.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ Prior to its broadcast, series co-creator Ryan Murphy predicted the episode would be \"Glee\" most controversial, as it focuses on religion and what God means to the members of the glee club.", "Grilled Cheesus __knowledge__ When Burt Hummel (Mike O'Malley) has a heart attack, the glee club rally around his son Kurt (Chris Colfer), attempting to support the Hummels through their various faiths.", "The Grilled Cheese Truck __knowledge__ The Grilled Cheese Truck is a food truck company serving gourmet \"chef driven\" grilled cheese sandwiches.", "The Grilled Cheese Truck __knowledge__ The company started in Los Angeles in 2009, and has since expanded throughout Southern California, Phoenix, San Antonio, and Austin.", "The Grilled Cheese Truck __knowledge__ The Grilled Cheese Truck started as a joint venture between Dave Danhi (a Los Angeles-based chef) and Michele Grant (an entrepreneur).", "The Grilled Cheese Truck __knowledge__ Danhi devised the idea when he competed in the 7th Annual Grilled Cheese Invitational, a grilled cheese competition, that takes place every Spring in Los Angeles, California.", "The Grilled Cheese Truck __knowledge__ As he left the competition and saw the food trucks lined up outside, as well as the interest in grilled cheese from the competition, he got the idea to open the \"grilled cheese food truck\".", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Redonkadonk __knowledge__ Redonkadonk is a grilled burger with ham, bacon, cheese, egg and Spam inside two grilled cheese sandwiches made with extra thick Texas Toast style bread.", "Redonkadonk __knowledge__ It is served by Portland, Oregon's BrunchBox food cart at SW Fifth and Stark.", "Redonkadonk __knowledge__ It has been identified as one of the fattiest foods in the U.S. by Health.com The sandwich is featured on the Cooking Channel's \"Eat St.\" show in its second episode.", "Redonkadonk __knowledge__ The Cooking Channel includes the recipe on its website.", "Redonkadonk __knowledge__ The Redonkadonk competes on Portland's food truck and food cart scene against the Big-A** Sandwich's Gutbomb: \"a basic Big-A** with double the meat, double the cheese and the girth of a fishbowl\", as well as the Original Cheesus from the Grilled Cheese Grill: a Colby Jack and grilled onion grilled cheese sandwich and an American cheese grilled cheese sandwich with pickles encasing a one-third pound burger with lettuce, tomato, ketchup and mustard.", "Cheese dream __knowledge__ The cheese dream is an open faced version of the American grilled cheese sandwich made with bread, cheese, and butter, as well as other ingredients.", "Cheese dream __knowledge__ It can be cooked in a pan or skillet on the stove top, under a broiler, or using a pan in the oven.", "Cheese dream __knowledge__ In its simplest form, it consists of a slice of bread, topped with American cheese and broiled until the cheese puffs up and browns.", "Cheese dream __knowledge__ Variants include the addition of ingredients such as bacon, tomato, pineapple, and eggs.", "Cheese dream __knowledge__ Made with basic ingredients (bread, butter, and cheese) and heated, cheese dreams are said to have originated as \"the cheese dream\" during the Great Depression, as \"an inexpensive company supper dish\" and an inexpensive option for feeding friends and family at Sunday supper.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Chicken soup is a soup made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ The classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Chicken soup has acquired the reputation of a folk remedy for colds and influenza, and in many countries is considered a comfort food.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Variations on the flavor are gained by adding root vegetables such as parsnip, potato, sweet potato and celery root, herbs such as parsley, dill, other vegetables such as zucchini, whole garlic cloves or tomatoes and black pepper.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ Fried chicken (also referred to as Southern fried chicken for the variant in the United States) is a dish consisting of chicken pieces usually from broiler chickens which have been floured or battered and then pan-fried, deep fried, or pressure fried.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ The breading adds a crisp coating or crust to the exterior of the chicken.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ What separates fried chicken from other fried forms of chicken is that generally the chicken is cut at the joints, and the bones and skin are left intact.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ Crisp well-seasoned skin, rendered of excess fat, is a hallmark of well made fried chicken.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ The first dish known to have been deep fried was fritters, which were popular in the Middle Ages.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ The Radioactive Chicken Heads are an American comedy rock band based out of Santa Ana, California.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ Originally formed under the name Joe and the Chicken Heads in early 1994, the Chicken Heads are easily recognized by their freakish mutant chicken and vegetable masks as well as their theatrical stage shows, all of which tie into an elaborate backstory and mythology the band has developed over the course of their career and serves as the subject for much of their music, videos, a role-playing computer game and an independently-produced television pilot.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ Over the course of their career, the Chicken Heads have released five albums, one EP, several singles and seventeen music videos, among other releases.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ International fast-food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's have had a variety of grilled chicken sandwiches in their product portfolio since 1990.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ The BK Broiler was the first iteration, and was one of the most successful product introductions in the fast food industry to that point in time.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ However sales dropped in the following two years, and the product was reformulated and renamed to the Chicken Whopper to align the product with the company's Whopper Sandwich.", "Burger King grilled chicken sandwiches __knowledge__ A change of ownership of Burger King in 2004 prompted another reformulation of the product into the BK Baguette product line that focused on a more health-oriented product.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "NK Horeca __knowledge__ The NK Horeca, or Dutch National Championship Hospitality, is an annual championship in different branches of hospitality.", "NK Horeca __knowledge__ It currently awards the Golden Chef's Hat for the chef who presents the best four course meal, three awards for the best sandwich: the best sandwich in hospitality, the best sandwich in catering, and a best sandwich for personnel with an intellectual disability, and a flair bartending award.", "NK Horeca __knowledge__ It has been held in its current form at the Horecava since 2007.", "NK Horeca __knowledge__ The NK Horeca has been held in its current form on the Horecava since 2007, where pre-existing award of the Golden Chef's Hat and the award for the best sandwich had been combined.", "Joshua Harmon (playwright) __knowledge__ Joshua Harmon (born 1983) is a New York City-based playwright, whose works include \"Bad Jews\" and \"Significant Other\", both produced off-Broadway by Roundabout Theatre Company.", "Joshua Harmon (playwright) __knowledge__ Harmon has also had his plays produced and developed by the Manhattan Theatre Club, Hangar Theatre in Ithaca, New York, Williamstown Theatre Festival, Ars Nova, the O'Neill and Actor's Express.", "Joshua Harmon (playwright) __knowledge__ He has been awarded fellowships from MacDowell, Atlantic Center for the Arts and the Eudora Welty Foundation.", "Joshua Harmon (playwright) __knowledge__ Harmon is a graduate of Northwestern University, Carnegie Mellon University, and Juilliard where he worked with playwrights Christopher Durang and Marsha Norman.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ Islam and antisemitism relates to Islamic theological teaching against Jews and Judaism and the treatment of Jews in Muslim communities.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ With the origin of Islam in the 7th century and its rapid spread in the Arabian peninsula and beyond, Jews (and many other people) came to be subject to the rule of Muslim rulers.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ The quality of the rule varied considerably in different periods, as did the attitudes of the rulers, government officials, clergy and general population to various subject peoples from time to time, which was reflected in their treatment of these subjects.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ Reuven Firestone says, \"negative assessments and even condemnation of prior religions and their adherents occur in all three scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Slow's Bar BQ __knowledge__ Slows Bar BQ is a barbecue restaurant chain with locations in Detroit, Grand Rapids and Pontiac, Michigan.", "Slow's Bar BQ __knowledge__ The chef is Brian Perrone, and the restaurant is owned by the Cooley family.", "Slow's Bar BQ __knowledge__ The restaurant appeared on Adam Richman's \"Man vs. Food\", and the \"Yardbird\", a pulled chicken sandwich from the restaurant, competed in the first season of \"Adam Richman's Best Sandwich in America\".", "Slow's Bar BQ __knowledge__ Slows Bar BQ is located in the Corktown Historic District in Detroit, Michigan, opposite the Michigan Central Station.", "Slow's Bar BQ __knowledge__ It is owned by former fashion model Phillip Cooley, his father Ron and brother Ryan; the chef is Brian Perrone.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs, state police, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096, the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657, various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906, the 1894–1906 Dreyfus affair in France, the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies, and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters of the 2010-2011 Japanese tokusatsu series \"Kamen Rider OOO\".", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is a young man desire to helps others while traveling.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ When he falls asleep during his part-time job at the museum, Eiji unwittingly becomes entangled in the chain of events that occurred after the Greeed were released and gains the ability to become to fight them.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Eiji Hino is portrayed by .", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is the bird-type Greeed, a dishonest wildcard who sees people for their flaws and is at odds with the other Greeed.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Ankh also believes that he has the right to get whatever he wants and detests having to give something away.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Yummy Fur (1983–1994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\".", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues.", "Yummy Fur (comics) __knowledge__ The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Ed the Happy Clown is a graphic novel by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Its title character is a large-headed, childlike children's clown who undergoes one horrifying affliction after another.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ The story is a dark, humorous mix of genres and features scatological humour, sex, body horror, extreme graphic violence, and blasphemous religious imagery.", "Ed the Happy Clown __knowledge__ Central to the plot are a man who cannot stop defecating; the head of a miniature, other-dimensional Ronald Reagan attached to the head of Ed's penis; and a female vampire who seeks revenge on her adulterous lover who had murdered her to escape his sins.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution () is a 1981 Hong Kong comedy film directed and co-written by Tsui Hark.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film stars George Lam as Yoho, Karl Maka as Ah Capone and Teddy Robin Kwan as Inspector Robin.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ Yoho is a down on his luck detective who find himself in trouble with the ganger Ah Capone who is planning to cheat elderly millionaires out of their stocks.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film was Tsui's first commercial success and was the fourth highest grossing Hong Kong film of 1981.", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ It was nominated for five \"Golden Horse Awards\" and won three (Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Editing).", "All the Wrong Clues for the Right Solution __knowledge__ The film was followed by a sequel in 1983 titled \"All the Wrong Spies\" directed by Teddy Robin Kwan.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Chester William David Brown (born 16 May 1960) is a Canadian cartoonist.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Brown has gone through several stylistic and thematic periods.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ He gained notice in alternative comics circles in the 1980s for the surreal, scatological \"Ed the Happy Clown\" serial.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ After bringing \"Ed\" to an abrupt end, he delved into confessional autobiographical comics in the early 1990s and was strongly associated with fellow Toronto-based cartoonists Seth and Joe Matt, and the contemporary autobiographical comics trend.", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Two graphic novels came from this period: \"The Playboy\" (1992) and \"I Never Liked You\" (1994).", "Chester Brown __knowledge__ Surprise mainstream success in the 2000s came with \"Louis Riel\" (2003), a historical-biographical graphic novel about rebel Métis leader Louis Riel.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ The Ohio Express is an American bubblegum pop band, formed in Mansfield, Ohio in 1967.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ Though marketed as a band, it would be more accurate to say that the name \"Ohio Express\" served as a brand name used by Jerry Kasenetz's and Jeffrey Katz's Super K Productions to release the music of a number of different musicians and acts.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ The best known songs of Ohio Express (including their best scoring single, \"Yummy Yummy Yummy\") were actually the work of an assemblage of studio musicians working out of New York, including singer/songwriter Joey Levine.", "Ohio Express __knowledge__ Several other \"Ohio Express\" hits were the work of other, unrelated musical groups, including the Rare Breed, and an early incarnation of 10cc.", "Yummy Yummy (album) __knowledge__ Yummy Yummy is the fourth album from The Wiggles; it was released in 1994.", "Yummy Yummy (album) __knowledge__ A companion video was also made in 1994, and it was re-recorded in 1998. source \"Yummy Yummy\" album booklet, 1994: The Wiggles Additional musicians The CD was released in 1994 under EMI Records, ABC for Kids: 8143372 In the United States, the album reached number 31 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers and number 29 on their Top Independent Albums charts.", "Yummy Yummy (album) __knowledge__ Yummy Yummy, released in 1994, is the second video by the Australian children's band The Wiggles.", "Yummy Yummy (album) __knowledge__ It is the first Wiggles video to feature chroma key backgrounding.", "Yummy Yummy (album) __knowledge__ This is the song and skits list for the original 1994 version: The cast as listed on the closing credits: Michael, Kathleen, Christopher & Andrew Lawrence; Peter, Lorraine, Julia & Yvette Martinovich; Kay Ritchie; Sophie, Sam, Claire & Janine Pickels; Brandon Johnson; Patricia Zavattaro; Nicholas, Maureen, & Raymond Hull; Sarah Al Amri; Meg Munro & Georgia Munro-Cook; Paul, Pauline, Clare, Luke, Joseph & Dominic Field; Roger, Maria, Sofia, Leonardo & Anthony Silvestrini; Tony, Wendy, Timothy & James Rioseco.", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ I Love Bacon!", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ is a cookbook with over fifty recipes devoted to bacon and bacon dishes, many of them from celebrity chefs.", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ The book was written by Jayne Rockmill and photography was provided by Ben Fink.", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ Broken down into eight sections, the book covered how to make homemade bacon and moves onto \"brunch\" and \"small bites\" before covering soups, salads and sides, pasta, fish, meat, and desserts.", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ \"I Love Bacon!\"", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ was published in October 2010 by Andrews McMeel Publishing and met with favorable reviews for its unique dishes and helpful culinary tips for novices.", "I Love Bacon! __knowledge__ The book's author, Jayne Rockmill, is a literary agent based in New York City whose clients include Tony Caputo, François Halard, and the professional photographer and storm chaser, Jim Reed.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works.", "Cold-air damming __knowledge__ Cold air damming, or CAD, is a meteorological phenomenon that involves a high-pressure system (anticyclone) accelerating equatorward east of a north-south oriented mountain range due to the formation of a barrier jet behind a cold front associated with the poleward portion of a split upper level trough.", "Cold-air damming __knowledge__ Initially, a high-pressure system moves poleward of a north-south mountain range.", "Cold-air damming __knowledge__ Once it sloshes over poleward and eastward of the range, the flow around the high banks up against the mountains, forming a barrier jet which funnels cool air down a stretch of land east of the mountains.", "Cold-air damming __knowledge__ The higher the mountain chain, the deeper the cold air mass becomes lodged to its east, and the greater impediment it is within the flow pattern and the more resistant it becomes to intrusions of milder air.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ The Bacon Cookbook: More than 150 Recipes from Around the World for Everyone's Favorite Food is a cookbook on bacon by James Villas.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ It was published by Wiley in 2007.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Villas is a former food editor for \"Town & Country\" magazine, and \"The Bacon Cookbook\" is his 15th book on food.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He notes on the book's jacket that he was \"beguiled by bacon since he was a boy.\"", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He describes the appeal of bacon in the book's preface, and in the introduction recounts the history of the product, as well as its variations from different locations internationally.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Chapters are structured by type of recipe and food course, and in total the book includes 168 recipes.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ Pork in Ireland has been a key part of the Irish diet since prehistory.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ Ireland's flora and fauna overwhelmingly arrived via a Neolithic land bridge from Great Britain prior to its submerging around 12,000 BP.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ When the very first hunter-gatherers arrived around 2,000 years later, the local ecosystem largely resembled that of modern Ireland.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ Dating back to Neolithic times, large amounts of pig bones have been found near habitations.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ There is evidence of wild boar consumption dating as early as 9000 BP, at a Mesolithic site in, about 1,000 years before farming began in Ireland.", "Pork in Ireland __knowledge__ Evidence of Stone Age farming survives in the Céide Fields in north County Mayo." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Salt industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The salt industry has a long history in and around Syracuse, New York.", "Salt industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Jesuit missionaries visiting the region in 1654 were the first to report salty brine springs around the southern end of \"Salt Lake,\" known today as Onondaga Lake.", "Salt industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Later, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) and designation of the area by the State of New York as the \"Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation\" provided the basis for commercial salt production from the late 18th century through the early 20th century.", "Salt industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The salt springs extended around much of Onondaga Lake, originating in the town of Salina and passing through Geddes and Liverpool to the mouth of Ninemile Creek, a distance of almost nine miles.", "Brine mining __knowledge__ Brine mining is the extraction of useful materials (elements or compounds) which are naturally dissolved in brine.", "Brine mining __knowledge__ The brine may be seawater, other surface water, or groundwater.", "Brine mining __knowledge__ It differs from solution mining or in-situ leaching in that those methods inject water or chemicals to dissolve materials which are in a solid state; in brine mining, the materials are already dissolved.", "Brine mining __knowledge__ Brines are important sources of salt, iodine, lithium, magnesium, potassium, bromine, and other materials, and potentially important sources of a number of others.", "Brine mining __knowledge__ Around 500 BCE, the ancient Chinese dug hundreds of brine wells, some of which were over 100 meters (330 feet) in depth.", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ JJ Brine (born Jonathan Friel) is an American visual artist and gallerist.", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ The artist calls himself \"The Crown Prince of Hell.\"", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ He curates and operates Vector Gallery in New York City, which has drawn attention and critical response for its avant-garde postmodern multimedia narratives on Abrahamic religions.", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ The gallery has attracted controversy as “The official art gallery of Satan” and purported operations as a sovereign nation with its own time zone, theology, and community of adherents, Vectorians.", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ Some refer to the gallery as a cult, and to Brine in turn as a cult leader.", "JJ Brine __knowledge__ The NYC location closed when Brine traveled to Tanna, Vanuatu and opened for a period on Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles.", "Brine __knowledge__ Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.", "Brine __knowledge__ In different contexts, brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature).", "Brine __knowledge__ Lower levels of concentration are called by different names: fresh water, brackish water and saline water.", "Brine __knowledge__ Brine naturally occurs on Earth's surface (salt lakes), crust, and within brine pools on ocean bottom.", "Brine __knowledge__ High-concentration brine lakes typically emerge due to evaporation of ground saline water on high ambient temperatures.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ Open-pan salt making is a method of salt production wherein salt is extracted from the brine using vacuum pans.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ The brine is heated in a partial vacuum to lower the boiling point.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ In the past salt has been extracted by heating the brine in pans operating at normal atmospheric pressure, known as open pans.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ Virtually all European domestic salt is obtained by solution mining of underground salt formations although some is still obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ Salt is made in two ways traditionally.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ Rock salt is mined from the ground.", "Open-pan salt making __knowledge__ The other type known as white salt is made by the evaporation of brine.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In an average year the lake covers an area of around , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles (2,460 km²), but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of .", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah.", "Brinicle __knowledge__ A brinicle (brine icicle, also known as ice stalactite) is a downward growing hollow tube of ice enclosing a plume of descending brine that is formed beneath developing sea ice.", "Brinicle __knowledge__ As sea water freezes in the polar oceans, salt brine concentrates are expelled from the sea ice, creating a downward flow of dense, extremely cold and saline water with a lower freezing point than the surrounding water.", "Brinicle __knowledge__ When this plume comes into contact with the neighboring ocean water, its extremely cold temperature causes ice to instantly be formed around the flow.", "Brinicle __knowledge__ This creates a hollow stalactite or icicle, referred to as a brinicle.", "Olive __knowledge__ The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning \"European olive\", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.", "Olive __knowledge__ The species is cultivated in many places and considered naturalized in all the countries of the Mediterranean coast, as well as in Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Java, Norfolk Island, California, and Bermuda.", "Olive __knowledge__ Olea europeana sylvestris is a subspecies that corresponds to a smaller tree bearing noticeably smaller fruit.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ Danish Bacon was a brand under which Danish bacon was sold in the United Kingdom.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ The product had \"Danish\" stamped on the rind between wavy lines.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ The Danish farmers producing Danish Bacon and their co-operatives were represented by Danske Slagterier, whose UK subsidiary was the Danish Bacon and Meat Council.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ Danske Slagterier was absorbed into the Danish ministry of Agriculture and Food in 2009.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ The majority of Danish bacon is produced through the farmer-owned co-operative Danish Crown.", "Danish Bacon __knowledge__ The co-operative system has low costs because of the scale (25 million pigs per year) and the elimination of the need for markets." ] ]

[ 3, 7, 10, 8, 26 ]

[ "Its just crazy tasting! It is eaten on its own, or as a side dish i love it when its mixed with other food like in pasta", "Yes its the best sandwich ever, i make it at home, too bad Jews and Muslims prohibit the consumption of pigs, its so tasty!", "Its nice yes, have you tried slow cured bacon? That type of bacon is dried for weeks or months in cold air", "Yes, its a bit more expensive, but worth it! regular bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine", "Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt and also other spices that are used to cure meat, also bacon" ]

[ "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon" ]

[ "Dog", "Cool. What breed are they?", "I have never heard of a sweet water dog before." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ A dog breed club is an association or club of fanciers of a single, specific breed of dog.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" define the breed with which the club is associated in a document called a breed standard, although there may be multiple \"breed clubs\" for the same breed, each defining the breed in a somewhat different manner.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" are \"not\" scientific organisations, nor are breed standards meant to be scientific descriptions of a breed.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Any\" fancier or group of fanciers may start a \"breed club\" and write definitions to suit themselves.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ Dog breed clubs exist to \"support the preservation and protection\" of the club's breed.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ A breed standard (also called bench standard or the standard) in the dog fancy is a set of guidelines covering specific \"externally observable\" qualities such as \"appearance\", \"movement\", and \"temperament\" for that dog breed.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Breed standards are not scientific documents, but are written for each breed by clubs of hobbyists called breed clubs for their own specific requirements.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Details and definitions within breed standards for a specific dog breed may vary from breed club to breed club and from country to country.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Dog breed standards are similar in form and function to breed standards for other domesticated animals.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation show, also referred to as a \"breed show\", is a kind of dog show in which a judge familiar with a specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs \"conform\" to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation championship from a recognized national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by some number of different judges on some number of separate occasions.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ The Trait du Nord, previously also known as Ardennais du Nord or Ardennais de type Nord, is a breed of heavy draft horse developed and bred in the area of Hainaut in western Belgium and in northeastern France.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ Originally considered a subtype of the Ardennes, it was recognized as an individual breed with the opening of a studbook in 1903.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ Developed in the fertile Flemish grasslands, it was bred for size and pulling power for agricultural work.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ By 1855, the horses bred near Hainaut were considered by some veterinarians to be superior to other Flemish draft breeds.", "Trait du Nord __knowledge__ The Trait du Nord was used extensively in mining from the late 19th century through 1920, with lesser use continuing through the 1960s.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ Times Without Number is a time travel/alternate history novel by John Brunner.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ Originally Brunner wrote three stories published in 1962 in consecutive issues of the British magazine \"Science Fiction Adventures\": \"Spoil of Yesterday\" in No.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ 25, \"The Word Not Written\" in No.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ 26, and \"The Fullness of Time\" in No.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ 27.", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ In the same year, a considerably different version appeared as a fix-up novel under the title \"Times Without Number\", which was published as an Ace Double together with \"Destiny's Orbit\" by David Grinnell (Donald A. Wollheim).", "Times Without Number __knowledge__ In 1969, Ace Books published the book again, in a version considerably revised and expanded by Brunner, different from both the magazine stories and the 1962 novel.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The Plague Dogs is a 1982 British adult animated epic adventure thriller film based on the 1977 novel of the same name by Richard Adams.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The film was written, directed and produced by Martin Rosen, who also directed \"Watership Down\", the film adaptation of another novel by Adams.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ \"The Plague Dogs\" was produced by Nepenthe Productions; it was released by Embassy Pictures in the United States and by United Artists in the United Kingdom.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ The film was rated PG-13 by the MPAA for heavy animal cruelty themes, violent imagery, and emotionally distressing scenes.", "The Plague Dogs (film) __knowledge__ \"The Plague Dogs\" is the first non-family oriented MGM animated film.", "Hare coursing __knowledge__ Hare coursing is the pursuit of hares with greyhounds and other sighthounds, which chase the hare by sight and not by scent.", "Hare coursing __knowledge__ In some countries, it is a legal, competitive activity, in which dogs are tested on their ability to run, overtake and turn a hare, rather than a form of hunting aiming at the capture of game.", "Hare coursing __knowledge__ It has a number of variations in its rules around the world.", "Hare coursing __knowledge__ Coursing can also be a form of hunting or pest control.", "Hare coursing __knowledge__ It is a long-established hunting technique, practiced historically in England, especially with greyhounds or sighthound breeds, or with lurchers which are crossbred sighthounds.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ Calming signals is a term coined by Norwegian dog trainer Turid Rugaas to describe the signals used by dogs to communicate with each other.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ According to Rugaas there are at least 30 calming signals.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ What signals dog use depends on the dog.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ They may use a subset of these signals.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ The signals, however, are universal and all dogs understand all signals even if they do not use them.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ Dogs are known to use these signals with humans too.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ The term has been used by other canine behaviour experts to explain dog behaviour.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ Popular dog illustrator Lili Chin has illustrated these signals.", "Calming signals __knowledge__ There are several others who have illustrated these signals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Portuguese Water Dog __knowledge__ The Portuguese Water Dog is a breed of working dog as classified by the American Kennel Club.", "Portuguese Water Dog __knowledge__ Portuguese Water Dogs are originally from the Portuguese region of the Algarve, from where the breed expanded to all around Portugal's coast, where they were taught to herd fish into fishermen's nets, to retrieve lost tackle or broken nets, and to act as couriers from ship to ship, or ship to shore.", "Portuguese Water Dog __knowledge__ Portuguese Water Dogs rode in fishing trawlers as they worked their way from the Atlantic waters of Portugal to the waters off the coast of Iceland where the fleets caught cod.", "Portuguese Water Dog __knowledge__ In Portugal, the breed is called Cão de Água (; literally \"dog of water\").", "Spanish Water Dog __knowledge__ The Spanish Water Dog () breed dates back several hundred years and has its origins most likely in Turkey from where it was imported into Spain as a general purpose sheepdog and guard.", "Spanish Water Dog __knowledge__ It is also used sometimes as a gundog, and is skilled at retrieval from water.", "Spanish Water Dog __knowledge__ The SWD has strong genetic links to other ancient water breeds such as the Portuguese Water Dog, the French Barbet and the Irish Water Spaniel.", "Spanish Water Dog __knowledge__ The SWD is a medium size, athletic, robust dog that is slightly longer than tall.", "Spanish Water Dog __knowledge__ Their tails are usually docked in the US, but undocked tails are not a fault in conformation showing if the dog was bred in a non-docking country.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ Bo (born October 9, 2008) is a pet dog of the Obama family, the former First Family of the United States.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ Bo is a male Portuguese Water Dog.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ President Barack Obama and his family were given the dog as a gift after months of speculation about the breed and identity of their future pet.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ The final choice was made in part because Malia Obama's allergies dictated a need for a hypoallergenic breed.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ Bo has occasionally been called \"First Dog\".", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ In August 2013, Bo was joined by Sunny, a female dog of the same breed.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ The Portuguese Water Dog is originally from the Algarve region of Portugal.", "Bo (dog) __knowledge__ Only 48 Portuguese Water Dogs were entered for Britain's Crufts competition in the year 2009 and the author of \"The New Complete Portuguese Water Dog,\" Kitty Braund, believes there are about 50,000 in North America.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ The barbet is a breed of dog; it is a medium-sized French water dog.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ It is listed in Group 8 (retrievers, flushing dogs, water dogs) by the Société Centrale Canine, the French Kennel Club.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ The breed name \"barbet\" comes from the French word \"barbe\", which means beard.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ The barbet is a rare breed.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ Most barbets, especially those shown in conformation shows, are entirely black, black and white, or brown.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ It is common to see white chest spots and white paws or legs on black or brown coated dogs.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ \"Parti\", \"creme\", and \"pied\" variations are being born but in very limited numbers.", "Barbet dog __knowledge__ Male barbets usually grow to be about tall and between , while females usually reach about and .", "Sunny (dog) __knowledge__ Sunny (born June 11, 2012) is a pet dog of the Obama family, the former First Family of the United States.", "Sunny (dog) __knowledge__ Sunny is a female Portuguese Water Dog, who has been called the younger sister of Bo, who held the title of First Dog of the United States.", "Sunny (dog) __knowledge__ Sunny was introduced via First Lady Michelle Obama's Twitter account on August 19, 2013.", "Sunny (dog) __knowledge__ The Portuguese Water Dog is originally from the Algarve region of Portugal.", "Sunny (dog) __knowledge__ Only 48 Portuguese Water Dogs were entered for Britain's Crufts competition in 2009 and the author of \"The New Complete Portuguese Water Dog,\" Kitty Braund, believes there are about 50,000 in North America.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ It is best known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being \"long famous\" for a breed of water spaniel of which were \"invariably brown\".", "Black Lab __knowledge__ Black Lab is an alternative rock band founded by Paul Durham in Berkeley, California and currently based in Los Angeles and Montana.", "Black Lab __knowledge__ They released their debut album on Geffen Records, entitled \"Your Body Above Me\", and scored two rock radio hits in the US, \"Wash It Away\" and \"Time Ago\".", "Black Lab __knowledge__ After leaving Geffen in 1999, the band signed to Epic Records, contributing a track to Sony's Spider-Man before leaving the label.", "Black Lab __knowledge__ Since 2003, the band has independently released nine full-length albums, an EP, and a live concert DVD/CD set.", "Black Lab __knowledge__ \"Passion Leaves a Trace\", released in 2007, featured the single \"Mine Again\" and gained significant exposure through internet media outlets and a film trailer.", "St. John's water dog __knowledge__ The St. John's water dog, also known as the St. John’s dog or the lesser Newfoundland, was a landrace (a dog bred for a purpose, not pedigree or appearance) of domestic dog from Newfoundland.", "St. John's water dog __knowledge__ Little is known of the types that went into its genetic makeup, although it was probably a random-bred mix of old English, Irish and Portuguese working dogs.", "St. John's water dog __knowledge__ The number of St. John's water dogs started declining by the start of the 20th century.", "St. John's water dog __knowledge__ By the early 1980s, the variety was extinct.", "St. John's water dog __knowledge__ The St. John's water dog was the ancestor of the modern retrievers, including the Flat Coated Retriever, Curly Coated Retriever, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, the Golden Retriever, and the Labrador Retriever." ] ]

[ 6, 3, 21 ]

[ "I have two dogs. They are so sweet - one is huge and one is tiny", "I have a black lab which has been bred to be a sweet water dog, and a cairin terrior which is well, bossy", "black labs love water - whether its icy and 10 degrees out or the middle of summer. If mine saw a mud puddle she would immediately be in it. They were bred to retrieve ducks from the water" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Shopping addiction", "yes my brother is addicted to wearing Nike products ", "Does living close to the factory affect one's buying decision?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, Nike, Inc. has been accused of using sweatshops to produce footwear and clothing items.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ Nike has denied the claims in the past, suggesting the company has little control over sub-contracted factories.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ Beginning in 2002, Nike began auditing its factories for occupational health and safety issues.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ Nike has been accused of using sweatshops since the early 1970s, when it produced goods in South Korea, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ As these countries' economies developed, workers became more productive, wages rose, and many moved on to higher paying jobs.", "Nike sweatshops __knowledge__ Nike found cheaper labor in the People's Republic of China and Vietnam, which prohibited labor unions.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ Nike, Inc. (; ) is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012).", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ Champs Sports is an American sports retail store, it operates as a subsidiary of Foot Locker.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ Products sold at Champs Sports include apparel, equipment, footwear, and accessories.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ As of January 2015, there were 547 store locations found throughout the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ The stores are mainly located in shopping malls, and are on average.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ Champs Sports was acquired in the 1980s by the Woolworth Corporation, then a specialty store division of the F. W. Woolworth Company.", "Champs Sports __knowledge__ It, along with Foot Locker, sold athletic merchandise, replacing the five and dime and department store concepts with the increasing specialty store concept.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ The Nike Cortez is the first track shoe created by Nike, in 1972 , and is therefore thought to be a significant aspect to the success of Nike, Inc.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ The Nike Cortez was first designed by Nike co-founder Bill Bowerman.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ Bowerman, an Olympic-class track coach, felt that athletes needed a comfortable and durable running shoe designed for distance training and road running.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ The Nike Cortez was released at the peak of the 1972 Olympics, which is why it gained rapid exponential interest by the general public.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ The Nike Cortez was created by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight.", "Nike Cortez __knowledge__ The men first met in 1957: Bowerman was the track and field coach at the University of Oregon, and Knight competed on Bowerman's team.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ Eldrick Tont \"Tiger\" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ Following an outstanding junior, college, and amateur career, Woods was 20 years old when he turned professional at the end of the summer in 1996.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ By April 1997, he had already won three PGA tour events in addition to his first major, the 1997 Masters.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ Woods won this tournament by 12 strokes in a record-breaking performance and pocketed $486,000.", "Tiger Woods __knowledge__ He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997, less than a year after turning pro.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ Air Jordan is a brand of basketball footwear and athletic clothing produced by Nike.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ It was created for former professional basketball player, Michael Jordan.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ The original Air Jordan I sneaker, were produced exclusively for Jordan in early 1984, and released to the public in late 1984.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ Since its introduction into the sports shoe market, the Air Jordans evolved from the original basketball shoes to models for different uses, including I-XXXII.", "Air Jordan __knowledge__ The Jordan brand sponsors 21 active NBA players, including Jimmy Butler, Chris Paul, Blake Griffin, Kawhi Leonard, Russell Westbrook and Carmelo Anthony.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ Michael Hoban (born 6 April 1952) is an English-American soccer midfielder who began his career with Aston Villa in 1969 before moving to the North American Soccer League in 1971.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ He still lives in the States more than 40 years later and has worked as a football coach there since retiring.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ He earned one cap with the US national team in 1973.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ Born in Tipton, Staffordshire, Hoban attended St. Chad's College in Wolverhampton.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ As a schoolboy Hoban played for Brierley Hill and Dudley Schoolboys' teams, Staffordshire Schools, and, eventually, the England Schoolboys U19 team for two seasons.", "Mick Hoban __knowledge__ He was appointed England Schoolboys Captain in his final year with the team.", "Project Nike __knowledge__ Project Nike, (Greek: Νίκη, \"Victory\", pronounced [nǐːkɛː]), was a U.S. Army project, proposed in May 1945 by Bell Laboratories, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system.", "Project Nike __knowledge__ The project delivered the United States' first operational anti-aircraft missile system, the Nike Ajax, in 1953.", "Project Nike __knowledge__ A great number of the technologies and rocket systems used for developing the Nike Ajax were re-used for a number of functions, many of which were given the \"Nike\" name (after Nike, the goddess of victory from Greek mythology).", "Project Nike __knowledge__ The missile's first-stage solid rocket booster became the basis for many types of rocket including the Nike Hercules missile and NASA's Nike Smoke rocket, used for upper-atmosphere research.", "Nike Mercurial Vapor __knowledge__ The Mercurial Vapor is a football boot manufactured by Nike.", "Nike Mercurial Vapor __knowledge__ The boot is known for being lightweight.", "Nike Mercurial Vapor __knowledge__ Because of this, the boot is endorsed by many players for whom speed is part of their game, notably wingers or strikers, such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Franck Ribéry, Luiz Adriano, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Didier Drogba, Jesús Navas, Luka Modrić, Arturo Vidal, Douglas Costa, Xherdan Shaqiri, Raheem Sterling, Stephan El Shaarawy, Eden Hazard, Alexis Sánchez, Carlos Bacca and Philippe Coutinho, among others.", "Nike Mercurial Vapor __knowledge__ In 1998, Nike launched the first Mercurial football boot — a shoe inspired by and designed for Brazilian star Ronaldo, which he debuted at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) is a brief screening tool for assessing the severity of shopping addiction.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Scale is named after the city of Bergen, Norway, the location of the University of Bergen where lead author Cecilie Andreassen is a professor of Clinical Psychology.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) consists of 28 statements.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The participant is asked to rate how strongly each of the statements relates to their thoughts and behavior in the last 12 months.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ Each item is rated on a 5 point continuum of agreement: completely disagree, disagree, neither disagree nor agree, agree, completely agree.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU), refers to excessive Internet use that interferes with daily life.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Addiction is defined by Webster Dictionary as a \"compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful\".", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Problematic Internet use is also called compulsive Internet use (CIU), Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use (PCU), problematic Internet use (PIU), or Internet addiction disorder (IAD)).", "Addiction __knowledge__ Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological process – one which is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulus – is the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction.", "Addiction __knowledge__ The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing (i.e., they increase the likelihood that a person will seek repeated exposure to them) and intrinsically rewarding (i.e., they are perceived as being inherently positive, desirable, and pleasurable).", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Rebecca Jane 'Becky' Brandon (née Bloomwood) is a fictional character and the main protagonist from the Shopaholic series of novels by British author, Sophie Kinsella.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky grew up in Oxshott, Surrey with her Mum and Dad.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ After attending Bristol University, she moved to London.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ She first lived with her best friend Susan \"Suze\" Cleath-Stuart before she eventually moved to New York City.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Prior to moving to New York, she worked as a personal finance expert on a breakfast television program called 'Morning Coffee'.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky met her future husband, Luke Brandon, CEO of Brandon Communications (a Public Relations firm) during a press conference while she was working as a financial journalist for 'Successful Saving' magazine.", "Behavioral addiction __knowledge__ Behavioral addiction is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-drug-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being.", "Behavioral addiction __knowledge__ A gene transcription factor known as ΔFosB has been identified as a necessary common factor involved in both behavioral and drug addictions, which are associated with the same set of neural adaptations in the reward system.", "Behavioral addiction __knowledge__ Diagnostic models do not currently include the criteria necessary to identify behaviors as addictions in a clinical setting.", "Osama Saeed __knowledge__ Osama Saeed (born 27 May 1980) is a Scottish communications professional.", "Osama Saeed __knowledge__ Formerly he was Head of Media and Public Relations at Al Jazeera Media Network, and was a parliamentary candidate for the Scottish National Party in Glasgow Central in 2010.", "Osama Saeed __knowledge__ Saeed was born and brought up in Glasgow and went to school in Bishopbriggs.", "Osama Saeed __knowledge__ He was an advisor to former Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond and a prominent media figure.", "Osama Saeed __knowledge__ He has been listed as one of Scotland's Top 100 thinkers and opinion formers by the \"Scotsman\" newspaper, one of the country's \"Brightest and Best\" by the \"Sunday Herald\", and has been described as \"Scotland's most influential Muslim\" by the \"Sunday Times\".", "Retail therapy __knowledge__ Retail therapy is shopping with the primary purpose of improving the buyer's mood or disposition.", "Retail therapy __knowledge__ Often seen in people during periods of depression or stress, it is normally a short-lived habit.", "Retail therapy __knowledge__ Items purchased during periods of retail therapy are sometimes referred to as \"comfort buys\" (compare comfort food).", "Retail therapy __knowledge__ The name \"retail therapy\" is ironic and semifacetious, acknowledging that shopping hardly qualifies as true therapy in the medical or psychotherapeutic sense.", "Retail therapy __knowledge__ It was first used in the 1980s, with the first reference being this sentence in the \"Chicago Tribune\" of Christmas Eve 1986: \"We've become a nation measuring out our lives in shopping bags and nursing our psychic ills through retail therapy.\"", "Carrie Bradshaw __knowledge__ Caroline \"Carrie\" Marie Bradshaw is a fictional character and lead character of the HBO romantic sitcom \"Sex and the City\", as well as the CW series \"The Carrie Diaries\", portrayed by actresses Sarah Jessica Parker and AnnaSophia Robb, respectively.", "Carrie Bradshaw __knowledge__ She is a semi-autobiographical character created by Candace Bushnell, who published the book \"Sex and the City\", based on her own columns in the \"New York Observer\".", "Carrie Bradshaw __knowledge__ On the HBO series, Bradshaw is a New York City newspaper columnist, fashionista, and later, freelance writer for \"Vogue\" and a published author.", "Carrie Bradshaw __knowledge__ Her weekly column, \"Sex and the City,\" provides the title, storylines, and narration for each episode.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters featured in the American stop motion animation series \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Most of the characters' names are references in some way to the stop motion animation process.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ Orel Puppington (born November 28, 1993) is the protagonist of the stop-motion animated television series, \"Moral Orel\".", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He is an 11- (later 12-) year-old boy whose quest is to be moral and good, which drives most of the plots of the episodes.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ He collects religious action figures and makes short animated movies with them.", "List of Moral Orel characters __knowledge__ In his attempts to remain moral, he listens to Reverend Putty's sermons very closely." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ The buying decision process is the decision-making process used by consumers regarding market transactions before, during, and after the purchase of a good or service.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ It can be seen as a particular form of a cost–benefit analysis in the presence of multiple alternatives.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ Common examples include shopping and deciding what to eat.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ Decision-making is a psychological construct.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ This means that although a decision can not be \"seen\", we can infer from observable behaviour that a decision has been made.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ Therefore, we conclude that a psychological \"decision-making\" event has occurred.", "Buyer decision process __knowledge__ It is a construction that imputes commitment to action.", "Buying center __knowledge__ A buying center, also called decision-making unit (DMU), brings together \"all those members of an organization who become involved in the buying process for a particular product or service\".", "Buying center __knowledge__ The concept of a decision-making unit (DMU) was developed in 1967 by Robinson, Farris and Wind (1967).", "Buying center __knowledge__ A DMU consists of all the people of an organization, who are involved in the buying decision.", "Buying center __knowledge__ The decision to purchase involves those with purchasing and financial expertise; those with technical expertise and of course the top-management.", "Buying center __knowledge__ McDonald, Rogers & Woodburn (2000) say that identifying and influencing all the people involved in the buying decision is a prerequisite in the process of sales.", "Visual merchandising __knowledge__ Visual merchandising is the practice in the retail industry of developing floor plans and three-dimensional displays in order to maximize sales.", "Visual merchandising __knowledge__ Both goods and services can be displayed to highlight their features and benefits.", "Visual merchandising __knowledge__ The purpose of such visual merchandising is to attract, engage, and motivate the customer towards making a purchase.", "Visual merchandising __knowledge__ Visual merchandising commonly occurs in retail spaces such as stores.", "Visual merchandising __knowledge__ When the giant nineteenth century dry goods establishments like Marshall Field & Co. shifted their business from wholesale to retail, the visual display of goods became necessary to attract the general consumers.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ As of 2016, customers can shop online using a range of different computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a regular \"bricks-and-mortar\" retailer or shopping center; the process is called business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping.", "Fast fashion __knowledge__ Fast fashion is a contemporary term used by fashion retailers to express that designs move from catwalk quickly to capture current fashion trends.", "Fast fashion __knowledge__ Fast fashion clothing collections are based on the most recent fashion trends presented at Fashion Week in both the spring and the autumn of every year.", "Fast fashion __knowledge__ Emphasis is on optimizing certain aspects of the supply chain for these trends to be designed and manufactured quickly and inexpensively to allow the mainstream consumer to buy current clothing styles at a lower price.", "Fast fashion __knowledge__ This philosophy of quick manufacturing at an affordable price is used in large retailers such as H&M, Zara, Peacocks, Primark, Xcel Brands, and Topshop.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ Youth marketing is a term used in the marketing and advertising industry to describe activities to communicate with young people, typically in the age range of 13 to 35.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ More specifically, there is the teen marketing, targeting people age 13 to 17, college marketing, targeting college-age consumers, typically ages 18 to 24, young adult marketing, targeting youngsters use professionals, typically ages 25 to 34.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ The youth market is critical because of the demographic's buying power and its members' influence on the spending of family members.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ In addition, teens and young adults often set trends that are adopted by other demographic groups.", "Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet __knowledge__ The Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet are twin-engine carrier-capable multirole fighter aircraft variants based on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet.", "Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet __knowledge__ The F/A-18E single-seat and F/A-18F tandem-seat variants are larger and more advanced derivatives of the F/A-18C and D Hornet.", "Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet __knowledge__ The Super Hornet has an internal 20 mm M61 rotary cannon and can carry air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface weapons.", "Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet __knowledge__ Additional fuel can be carried in up to five external fuel tanks and the aircraft can be configured as an airborne tanker by adding an external air refueling system.", "Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet __knowledge__ Designed and initially produced by McDonnell Douglas, the Super Hornet first flew in 1995.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour.", "Vested interest (communication theory) __knowledge__ Vested interest is the special interest in an existing system, arrangement, or institution for particular personal reasons, is a communication theory that seeks to explain how influences affect behavior.", "Vested interest (communication theory) __knowledge__ As defined by William Crano, \"vested interest\" refers to the amount that an attitude object is deemed hedonically relevant by the attitude holder.", "Vested interest (communication theory) __knowledge__ In Crano's theory of vested interest, he states that \"an attitude object that has important perceived personal consequences for the individual will be perceived as highly vested.", "Vested interest (communication theory) __knowledge__ Highly vested attitudes will be functionally related to behavior\".", "Vested interest (communication theory) __knowledge__ Simply put, when people have more at stake with the result of an object (like a law or policy) that will greatly affect them, they will behave in a way that will directly support or defy the object for the sake of their own self-interest.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ Beaverton is a city in Washington County, in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ The city center is west of downtown Portland in the Tualatin River Valley.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population is 89,803.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ This makes it the second-largest city in the county and Oregon's sixth-largest city.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ Fire protection and EMS services are provided through Tualatin Valley Fire and Rescue.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ In 2010, Beaverton was named by \"Money\" magazine as one of the 100 \"best places to live\", among smaller cities in the country.", "Beaverton, Oregon __knowledge__ Along with Hillsboro, Beaverton is one of the economic centers for Washington County, home to numerous corporations in a variety of industries such as Nike.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ Nike, Inc. (; ) is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012).", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide.", "Nike, Inc. __knowledge__ In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.", "Oregon __knowledge__ Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.", "Oregon __knowledge__ The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary along Washington state, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary along Idaho.", "Oregon __knowledge__ The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada.", "Oregon __knowledge__ Oregon is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean.", "Oregon __knowledge__ Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers, and settlers arrived.", "Oregon __knowledge__ An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848.", "Hillsboro, Oregon __knowledge__ Hillsboro () is the fifth-largest city in the State of Oregon and is the county seat of Washington County.", "Hillsboro, Oregon __knowledge__ Lying in the Tualatin Valley on the west side of the Portland metropolitan area, the city hosts many high-technology companies, such as Intel, that comprise what has become known as the Silicon Forest.", "Hillsboro, Oregon __knowledge__ At the 2010 Census, the city's population was 91,611.", "Hillsboro, Oregon __knowledge__ For thousands of years before the arrival of European-American settlers, the Atfalati tribe of the Kalapuya lived in the Tualatin Valley near the later site of Hillsboro.", "Hillsboro, Oregon __knowledge__ The climate, moderated by the Pacific Ocean, helped make the region suitable for fishing, hunting, food gathering, and agriculture.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ Washington County is one of 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 529,710, making it the state's second most populous county.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ The county seat and largest city is Hillsboro.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ Washington County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ Cities in Washington County include Hillsboro, Beaverton, Tigard, and Forest Grove, the county's oldest city.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ Originally named Twality when created in 1843, the territorial legislature renamed it for the first president of the United States, George Washington, in 1849.", "Washington County, Oregon __knowledge__ The original boundaries included the entire northwest corner of Oregon before sections became new counties.", "Fanno Creek __knowledge__ Fanno Creek is a tributary of the Tualatin River in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Fanno Creek __knowledge__ Part of the drainage basin of the Columbia River, its watershed covers about in Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas counties, including about within the Portland city limits.", "Fanno Creek __knowledge__ From its headwaters in the Tualatin Mountains (West Hills) in southwest Portland, the creek flows generally west and south through the cities of Portland, Beaverton, Tigard and Durham, and unincorporated areas of Washington County.", "Fanno Creek __knowledge__ It enters the Tualatin River about above the Tualatin's confluence with the Willamette River at West Linn.", "Fanno Creek __knowledge__ When settlers of European origin arrived, the Kalapuya lived in the area, having displaced the Multnomahs in pre-contact times.", "Nike Oregon Project __knowledge__ Nike's Oregon Project is a group created by the athletic shoe company Nike in 2001 to promote American long-distance running.The athletes that partake in this program are of a high caliber, which can be attributed to their elite coaching, revolutionary training and use of air thinning technology.", "Nike Oregon Project __knowledge__ The runners live in the Portland, Oregon, area and train at Nike's headquarters campus located just outside the Portland suburb of Beaverton, Oregon.", "Nike Oregon Project __knowledge__ Some of the runners in the group live in a specially designed house where filters are used to remove oxygen from the air to simulate living at high elevation.", "WES Commuter Rail __knowledge__ WES Commuter Rail, or Westside Express Service, is a United States commuter rail line between Beaverton and Wilsonville, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area, mostly following busy Oregon Highway 217 and Interstate 5.", "WES Commuter Rail __knowledge__ The diesel-powered passenger rail service opened in February 2009 on upgraded existing freight rail tracks owned and operated by the Portland & Western Railroad (P&W).", "WES Commuter Rail __knowledge__ TriMet, the metropolitan area's regional transit agency, manages and funds the service, and it also owns and maintains the railcars and stations, but P&W staff operate the vehicles.", "WES Commuter Rail __knowledge__ In planning since the mid-1990s, the line has five stations: two in Beaverton, one in Tigard, one in Tualatin, and one in Wilsonville.", "Electro Scientific Industries __knowledge__ Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (ESI) is an American high technology company headquartered in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, more specifically in Washington County, in the unincorporated Cedar Mill area north of Beaverton, U.S.A.", "Electro Scientific Industries __knowledge__ It is a developer and supplier of photonic and laser systems for microelectronics manufacturers.", "Electro Scientific Industries __knowledge__ Founded in 1944, it is the oldest high-tech company in Oregon.", "Electro Scientific Industries __knowledge__ Along with Tektronix, and later Intel, it has spawned numerous technology-based companies in the Portland area, an area known as the Silicon Forest.", "Electro Scientific Industries __knowledge__ ESI was founded in 1944 as Brown Engineering, later becoming Brown Electro-Measurement Corporation (BECO).", "Bernard's Airport __knowledge__ Bernard's Airport, also known as Bernard Airport, was a non-commercial airfield in Beaverton, Oregon, United States, from 1928 to 1969.", "Bernard's Airport __knowledge__ In its early years, it was one of two private airports located in Beaverton, the other being Watts Field, about one-half mile to the south of Bernard's Airport.", "Bernard's Airport __knowledge__ The Bernard Airport site was redeveloped in 1969 as \"Bernard's Beaverton Mall\", now known as Cedar Hills Crossing.", "Bernard's Airport __knowledge__ Both of Beaverton's airports were opened in the latter half of the 1920s.", "Bernard's Airport __knowledge__ The first was Watts Field, or Watts Airport, located on the west side of Erickson Avenue, along what is now 6th Street, to the southwest of the center of town." ] ]

[ 2, 18, 29 ]

[ "Hi How are you? Have you ever met anyone with a shopping addiction?", "Oh I actually used to live next to the Nike HQ in Beaverton, Oregon.", "Not for me because I prefer online shopping. Its easier for me to find what I want on a website." ]

[ "Shopping addiction", "Shopping addiction", "Shopping addiction" ]

[ "Morning sickness", "Yeah I think my girl friend had it when we had a baby", "O did not know it was common", "What else do you know about it" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ Lois Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, she first appeared in \"Action Comics\" #1 (June 1938).", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ Lois is an award-winning journalist for the Metropolis newspaper, the \"Daily Planet\", and the love interest of the superhero Superman.", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ In DC continuity, she is also his wife and the mother of their son Superboy Jonathan Samuel Kent.", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ Lois' physical appearance was originally based on Joanne Carter, a model hired by Joe Shuster.", "Lois Lane __knowledge__ For her character, Jerry Siegel was inspired by actress Glenda Farrell's portrayal of the fictional reporter Torchy Blane in a series of films.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between March 1973 and December 1979.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) __knowledge__ Brad Elliot first appeared on March 26, 1973, and was portrayed by Tom Hallick until 1978.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) __knowledge__ History The very first episode of \"The Young and the Restless\" began with Brad Eliot being mugged, carjacked, and left for dead beside the highway.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) __knowledge__ A semi-truck driver picked him up and dropped him off in Genoa City, Wisconsin.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) __knowledge__ Stuart Brooks, owner of \"The Genoa City Chronicle\" watched Brad eat breakfast at Pierre's Restaurant, then admit that he was unable to pay the check, and offer to work it off.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Today, thalidomide is used mainly as a treatment of certain cancers (multiple myeloma) and of a complication of leprosy.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany under the trade-name Contergan.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ The German drug company Chemie Grünenthal developed and sold the drug.", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, thalidomide also claimed to cure \"anxiety, insomnia, gastritis, and tension\".", "Thalidomide __knowledge__ Afterwards, it was used against nausea and to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ Daniel Randolph \"Dan\" Humphrey is a fictional character in the best selling \"Gossip Girl\" series of novels.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ He is one of the central male characters in the television adaptation of the same name, where he is portrayed by Penn Badgley.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ Dan Humphrey is the son of Rufus Humphrey and has a younger sister, Jenny, while his mother remains absent for the majority of the series.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ Dan and his family live in Brooklyn, New York, the alternative of the old-moneyed and conservative Upper East Side.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ He attends St. Jude's Preparatory School for Boys on the West Side as a scholarship student.", "Dan Humphrey __knowledge__ His life changed dramatically when his father, Rufus Humphrey, married the wealthy Lily van der Woodsen, moving the family to the Upper East Side.", "Vanessa Villante __knowledge__ Vanessa Francesca Antonella Villante is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Alin Sumarwata.", "Vanessa Villante __knowledge__ The actress's casting was announced on 5 December 2011, though she began filming the week before.", "Vanessa Villante __knowledge__ Sumarwata and her family relocated to Melbourne and purposely moved near to the studio, so she could manage work and be close to her daughter.", "Vanessa Villante __knowledge__ The actress stated that she was excited about the role, while the show's executive producer Richard Jasek commented \"She's a wonderful actor and we think her character has so many exciting possibilities for us.\"", "Vanessa Villante __knowledge__ Sumarwata made her debut screen appearance as Vanessa during the episode broadcast on 14 March 2012.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may also include vomiting several times a day and feeling faint.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered more severe than morning sickness.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Often symptoms get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ The exact causes of hyperemesis gravidarum are unknown.", "Hyperemesis gravidarum __knowledge__ Risk factors include the first pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, obesity, prior or family history of HG, trophoblastic disorder, and a history of eating disorders.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy are those presentations and conditions that result from pregnancy but do not significantly interfere with activities of daily living or pose any significant threat to the health of the mother or baby, in contrast to pregnancy complications.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ Still, there is often no clear separation between symptoms versus discomforts versus complications, and in some cases the same basic feature can manifest as either a discomfort or a complication depending on the severity.", "Symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy __knowledge__ For example, mild nausea may merely be a discomfort (morning sickness), but if severe and with vomiting causing water-electrolyte imbalance it can be classified as a pregnancy complication (hyperemesis gravidarum).", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) is a logical framework dealing with knowledge and information change\".\"", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Typically, DEL focuses on situations involving multiple agents and studies how their knowledge changes when events occur.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ These events can change factual properties of the actual world (they are called \"ontic events\"): for example a red card is painted in blue.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ They can also bring about changes of knowledge without changing factual properties of the world (they are called \"epistemic events\"): for example a card is revealed publicly (or privately) to be red.", "Dynamic epistemic logic __knowledge__ Originally, DEL focused on epistemic events.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ There is \"common knowledge\" of \"p\" in a group of agents \"G\" when all the agents in \"G\" know \"p\", they all know that they know \"p\", they all know that they all know that they know \"p\", and so on \"ad infinitum\".", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ The concept was first introduced in the philosophical literature by David Kellogg Lewis in his study \"Convention\" (1969).", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ The sociologist Morris Friedell defined common knowledge in a 1969 paper.", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ It was first given a mathematical formulation in a set-theoretical framework by Robert Aumann (1976).", "Common knowledge (logic) __knowledge__ Computer scientists grew an interest in the subject of epistemic logic in general – and of common knowledge in particular – starting in the 1980s.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ The song has been much recorded, with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the Top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in \"Billboard\" magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the \"Know Nothing\" movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ It was primarily anti-Catholic and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ Adherents to the movement were to reply \"I know nothing\" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common appellation.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The \"Know Nothings\" believed a \"Romanist\" conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in America and sought to politically organize native-born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP).", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ This is just over nine months, where each month averages 29½ days.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks.", "Pregnancy __knowledge__ An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception, after which, the term \"fetus\" is used until birth.", "Abortion __knowledge__ Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus.", "Abortion __knowledge__ An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage.", "Abortion __knowledge__ An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, \"induced miscarriage\".", "Abortion __knowledge__ The word \"abortion\" is often used to mean only induced abortions.", "Abortion __knowledge__ A similar procedure after the fetus could potentially survive outside the womb is known as a \"late termination of pregnancy\".", "Abortion __knowledge__ When allowed by law, abortion in the developed world is one of the safest procedures in medicine.", "Abortion __knowledge__ Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Ectopic pregnancy, also known as tubal pregnancy, is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Less than 50 percent of affected women have both of these symptoms.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ The pain may be described as sharp, dull, or crampy.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Pain may also spread to the shoulder if bleeding into the abdomen has occurred.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Severe bleeding may result in a fast heart rate, fainting, or shock.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ With very rare exceptions the fetus is unable to survive.", "Ectopic pregnancy __knowledge__ Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include: pelvic inflammatory disease, often due to Chlamydia infection, tobacco smoking, prior tubal surgery, a history of infertility, and the use of assisted reproductive technology.", "Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy __knowledge__ Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations during pregnancy that a person’s body undergoes to accommodate the growing embryo or fetus.", "Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy __knowledge__ These physiologic changes are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel), hematologic (blood), metabolic, renal (kidney), posture, and respiratory (breathing) changes.", "Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy __knowledge__ Increases in blood sugar, breathing, and cardiac output are all expected changes that allow a pregnant person’s body to facilitate the proper growth and development of the embryo or fetus during the pregnancy.", "Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy __knowledge__ The pregnant person and the placenta also produce many other hormones that have a broad range of effects during the pregnancy.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her first menstrual period (menarche) but usually occurs after the onset of her periods.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ In well-nourished females, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy related issues as other women.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ There are, however, additional concerns for those under 15 of age as they are less likely to be physically developed enough to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation, after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ The most common symptom of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding with or without pain.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Sadness, anxiety and guilt often occur afterwards.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Tissue and clot-like material may leave the uterus and pass through and out of the vagina.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ When a woman keeps having miscarriages, infertility is present.", "Miscarriage __knowledge__ Risk factors for miscarriage include an older parent, previous miscarriage, exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, diabetes, thyroid problems, and drug or alcohol use.", "Pregnancy from rape __knowledge__ Pregnancy is a potential result of rape.", "Pregnancy from rape __knowledge__ It has been studied in the context of war, particularly as a tool for genocide, as well as other unrelated contexts, such as rape by a stranger, statutory rape, incest, and underage pregnancy.", "Pregnancy from rape __knowledge__ The current scientific consensus is that rape is as likely to lead to pregnancy as consensual sexual intercourse, with some studies suggesting rape may result in higher rates of pregnancy than consensual intercourse.", "Pregnancy from rape __knowledge__ Rape can cause difficulties during and after pregnancy, with potential negative consequences for both the victim and a resulting child.", "Pregnancy from rape __knowledge__ Medical treatment following a rape includes testing for, preventing, and managing pregnancy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Typically these symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may be related to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Some have proposed that it may be useful from an evolutionary point of view.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried.", "Morning sickness __knowledge__ Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Human chorionic gonadotropin __knowledge__ Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.", "Human chorionic gonadotropin __knowledge__ The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy strip tests).", "Human chorionic gonadotropin __knowledge__ Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant may lead to a cancer diagnosis and, if high enough, paraneoplastic syndromes, however, it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause, or an effect of carcinogenesis.", "Human chorionic gonadotropin __knowledge__ The pituitary analog of hCG, known as luteinizing hormone (LH), is produced in the pituitary gland of males and females of all ages.", "Kallmann syndrome __knowledge__ Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that prevents a person from starting or fully completing puberty.", "Kallmann syndrome __knowledge__ If left untreated people with Kallmann syndrome will have poorly defined secondary sexual characteristics, show signs of hypogonadism, almost invariably be infertile and be at increased risk of developing osteoporosis.", "Kallmann syndrome __knowledge__ A range of other physical symptoms affecting the face, hands and skeletal system can also occur.", "Kallmann syndrome __knowledge__ The underlying cause is a failure in the correct production of the GnRH hormone by the hypothalamus.", "Kallmann syndrome __knowledge__ This results in low levels of the sex hormones testosterone in males or oestrogen and progesterone in females.", "Growth hormone __knowledge__ Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone [hGH or HGH] in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.", "Growth hormone __knowledge__ It is thus important in human development.", "Growth hormone __knowledge__ It is a type of mitogen which is specific only to certain kinds of cells.", "Growth hormone __knowledge__ Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland.", "Growth hormone __knowledge__ GH is a stress hormone that raises the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ Molar pregnancy is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus and will fail to come to term.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ A molar pregnancy is a gestational trophoblastic disease which grows into a mass in the uterus that has swollen chorionic villi.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ These villi grow in clusters that resemble grapes.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ A molar pregnancy can develop when a fertilized egg does not contain an original maternal nucleus.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ The products of conception may or may not contain fetal tissue.", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ It is characterized by the presence of a hydatidiform mole (or hydatid mole, mola hydatidosa).", "Molar pregnancy __knowledge__ Molar pregnancies are categorized as partial moles or complete moles, with the word \"mole\" being used to denote simply a clump of growing tissue, or a \"growth\".", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ In vitro maturation (IVM) is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro.", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ It can be offered to women with infertility problems, combined with IVF, offering women pregnancy without ovarian stimulation.", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ In 1935, Pincus & Enzmann did the first experiment on immature rabbit oocyte, showing in vitro spontaneous maturation and fertilization.", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ They showed maturation occurs in isolation from normal follicular environment.", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ In 1965 Edwards then continued IVM studies in mouse, sheep, cow, pig, rhesus monkey and human.", "In vitro maturation __knowledge__ By 1991, the first pregnancy was recorded using IVM followed by IVF, and in 1994 the first birth using IVM oocytes from polycystic ovarian syndrome patients was recorded highlighting that PCOS patient's oocytes are capable of maturation.", "Gonadotropin __knowledge__ Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.", "Gonadotropin __knowledge__ This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and placental/chorionic gonadotropins human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins.", "Gonadotropin __knowledge__ These hormones are central to the complex endocrine system that regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.", "Gonadotropin __knowledge__ LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, while hCG and eCG are secreted by the placenta in pregnant humans and mares, respectively." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 6, 10 ]

[ "Boy, morning sickness is a bear to deal with. What some people don't realize is that even though it's called morning sickness, it can happen at any point in the day!", "Yeah, it's common with pregnancy. Usually happens around somewhere between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy.", "Oh yeah, definitely common. Even though it's common, it's still unknown why it happens. Could be because of the changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin", "I'm glad you asked! Well, if your girlfriend gets pregnant again, prenatal vitamins before the actual pregnancy might help lower the risk of it happening." ]

[ "Morning sickness", "Morning sickness", "Morning sickness", "Morning sickness" ]

[ "Strawberry\nI love strawberries alot, I wish I had a farm full of the plant so I can harvest myself", "not in tropical regions though I doubt they would survive the heat in Africa for example", "Oh that's long time ago. How long do they take before they produce?", "It's not a tree right? I see it as a shrub" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "Navy Supply Corps (United States) __knowledge__ The United States Navy Supply Corps is the United States Navy staff corps concerned with supply, logistics, combat support, readiness, contracting, and fiscal matters.", "Navy Supply Corps (United States) __knowledge__ Commissioned officers in the Supply Corps practice a variety of disciplines, including supply management, expeditionary logistics, inventory control, disbursement, financial management, contracting, information systems, operations analysis, material and operational logistics, fuels management, food service, and physical distribution.", "Navy Supply Corps (United States) __knowledge__ Supply Corps officers are widely distributed throughout the Navy and Department of Defense; they are typically billeted to a ship or shore activity's supply department, or to a supply unit or command, such as Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Groups (NAVELSG), Fleet Logistics Centers (FLCs) or Navy Special Warfare (SPECWAR) Logistics Groups which support the United States Navy SEALs.", "Badges of the United States Navy __knowledge__ Insignia and badges of the United States Navy are military \"badges\" issued by the United States Department of the Navy to naval service members who achieve certain qualifications and accomplishments while serving on both active and reserve duty in the United States Navy.", "Badges of the United States Navy __knowledge__ Most naval aviation insignia are also permitted for wear on uniforms of the United States Marine Corps.", "Badges of the United States Navy __knowledge__ As described in Chapter 5 of U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations, \"badges\" are categorized as \"breast insignia\" (usually worn immediately above and below ribbons) and \"identification badges\" (usually worn at breast pocket level).", "Badges of the United States Navy __knowledge__ Breast insignia are further divided between \"command\" and \"warfare and other qualification\".", "Submarine Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ The Submarine Supply Corps Insignia is a badge of the United States Navy which is awarded to members of the Navy Supply Corps who have qualified as Supply Officers on board U.S. submarines.", "Submarine Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ The Submarine Supply Corps Insignia appears as the standard Submarine Warfare Insignia with the Supply Corps emblem centered in the middle of the badge.", "Submarine Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ Supply Corps officers, selecting to enter the submarine service, must complete an abbreviated amount of submarine qualification in order to obtain the Submarine Supply Corps Insignia.", "Submarine Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ After graduation from Submarine Officers' Basic Course (SOBC) at the Naval Submarine School in Groton, Connecticut, the \"Chop\" must qualify in basic submarine operations, engineering fundamentals, damage control, and a limited number of shipboard watch station qualifications culminating in Diving Officer of the Watch.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ The Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia is a military badge of the United States Navy which is awarded to Naval Aviation Supply Officers (NASOs) of the Navy Supply Corps who have qualified for duties as a Supply Officer in support of naval aviation and are also qualified to serve in duty assignments onboard aircraft carriers.", "Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ The Aviation Supply Corps insignia is one of four warfare badges issued to Supply Corps officers by the U.S. Navy.", "Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ The others are the Navy Expeditionary Supply Corps Officer Badge Surface Warfare Supply Badge and the Submarine Supply Corps Badge.", "Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia __knowledge__ To be issued the insignia, a service member must complete a standard qualification program which includes supply procedures of a naval aviation unit, qualifications in certain aviation related watch stations, as well as an abbreviated amount of aviation knowledge which would normally be required for flight deck personnel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (), typhoon (), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and simply cyclone.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean; while in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean, comparable storms are referred to simply as “tropical cyclones” or “severe cyclonic storms”.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Effects of global warming __knowledge__ The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases.", "Effects of global warming __knowledge__ There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver.", "Effects of global warming __knowledge__ Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.", "Effects of global warming __knowledge__ Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.", "Effects of global warming __knowledge__ The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change.", "Climate of India __knowledge__ The Climate of India comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a vast geographic scale and varied topography, making generalisations difficult.", "Climate of India __knowledge__ Based on the Köppen system, India hosts six major climatic subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and humid tropical regions supporting rainforests in the southwest and the island territories.", "Climate of India __knowledge__ Many regions have starkly different microclimates.", "Climate of India __knowledge__ The nation has four seasons: winter (December, January and February), summer (March, April and May), a monsoon rainy season (June to September), and a post-monsoon period (October to November).", "History of West Africa __knowledge__ The history of West Africa began with the first human settlements around 4,000 BCE.", "History of West Africa __knowledge__ It has been commonly divided into its prehistory, the Iron Age in Africa, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and finally the post-independence era, in which the current nations were formed.", "History of West Africa __knowledge__ West Africa is west of an imagined north-south axis lying close to 10° east longitude, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Sahara Desert.", "History of West Africa __knowledge__ Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary West African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.", "Berry __knowledge__ In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.", "Berry __knowledge__ Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.", "Berry __knowledge__ Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.", "Berry __knowledge__ In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.", "Berry __knowledge__ The scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage.", "Berry __knowledge__ In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp).", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Jogah __knowledge__ Jogah (Drum Dancers) are the mythical \"little people\" in Iroquois lore.", "Jogah __knowledge__ Usually invisible, there are ways of telling if they are around.", "Jogah __knowledge__ For example, drumming with no visible drummers around.", "Jogah __knowledge__ They also leave rings of bare earth and \"bowls\" in stones or mud.", "Jogah __knowledge__ offerings like tobacco and fingernails can be offered at these \"bowls\".", "Jogah __knowledge__ They are also used to explain disembodied lights and bad luck.", "Jogah __knowledge__ When people, usually children, elders, and spiritual healers, see the Jagoh, they are described as \"Knee high\" to around four feet tall.", "Jogah __knowledge__ Behaviorally the Jagoh love games and playing tricks, which can be dangerous if they are disrespected.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The breeding of strawberries is a long story that starts with the selection and cultivation of European strawberry species in western Europe in the 15th century while a similar discovery and cultivation occurred in Chile.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed strawberry species in modern times is the garden strawberry, a species derived from hybridization of two other species, with the scientific name \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\", but there are many species of strawberries, several others of which are cultivated to some extent.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The strawberry species fall into several different genetic types, based on their number of chromosomes.", "Coffee Stain Studios __knowledge__ Coffee Stain Studios AB is a video game developer and publisher based in Skövde, Sweden.", "Coffee Stain Studios __knowledge__ The company was founded in 2010 by students of the University of Skövde to develop video games.", "Coffee Stain Studios __knowledge__ On 16 December 2010, their first title, \"I Love Strawberries\", was released for iOS through the App Store by Atari, Inc. Their second game, \"Sanctum\" was initially developed as a modification for \"Unreal Tournament 3\".", "Coffee Stain Studios __knowledge__ Coffee Stain entered the \"Make Something Unreal\" competition held by Epic Games in 2009, and were awarded with multiple honors.", "Coffee Stain Studios __knowledge__ On 23 March 2011, the company signed a five-year agreement with Epic Games to develop games using Unreal Engine, releasing \"Sanctum\" on 15 April 2011, and later released its sequel \"Sanctum 2\" in 2013." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago (; literally \"Our Story\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the first of a two-part series.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The film commemorates Singapore's 50th birthday and stars Aileen Tan, Mark Lee and Wang Lei as the main casts.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The story spans from 1965 to the early 1970s.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Heavily pregnant Zhao Di, the unwanted second wife of an older man, was chased out by her husband's family and forced to return to her own family.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ She eventually gave birth to twins, Shun Fatt and Su-Fang.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ As Su-Fang had two moles on her face, which was said to be bad luck, Zhao Di decided to give her up due to the pressure of wanting to build a better life for the rest of her family.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Star Wars opening crawl __knowledge__ The opening crawl is the signature device of every numbered film of the \"Star Wars\" series, an American epic space opera franchise created by George Lucas.", "Star Wars opening crawl __knowledge__ It opens with the static blue text, \"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...\", followed by the \"Star Wars\" logo and the crawl text, which describes the backstory and context of the film.", "Star Wars opening crawl __knowledge__ The visuals are accompanied by the \"Main Title Theme\", composed and conducted by John Williams.", "Star Wars opening crawl __knowledge__ The sequence has been featured in every live-action \"Star Wars\" film produced by Lucasfilm with the exception of \"Rogue One\".", "Star Wars opening crawl __knowledge__ Although it retains the basic elements, it has significantly evolved throughout the series.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is a brand character currently owned by the Canadian children's television company DHX Media and American brand management company, the Iconix Brand Group.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ She was originally used in greeting cards, but was later expanded to include dolls, posters, and other products.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The Strawberry Shortcake properties also include a toy line of the character's friends and pets.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ In addition, the franchise has spawned television specials, animated television series, and films.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The original design of Strawberry Shortcake and her cat, Custard, was done in 1979 by Muriel Fahrion during her time as a greeting card illustrator at American Greetings' Juvenile & Humorous card department.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ Muriel Fahrion is an American illustrator and the original designer of the famous girl's toy, Strawberry Shortcake.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ She is married to Michael Fahrion and has two adult children.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ Muriel Fahrion grew up and went to school in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ After high school, she went on to get an associate's degree in illustration at an art school in Cleveland.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ Immediately following art school, Fahrion was hired by American Greetings as a greeting card designer.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ She worked in Juvenile & Humorous greeting card department where she created upwards of 6,500 greeting card designs.", "Muriel Fahrion __knowledge__ In 1977, during her time as a greeting card designer, Fahrion came up with the original idea for Strawberry Shortcake and her cat, Custard, along with 32 other characters in the line.", "Strawberry Tree (solar energy device) __knowledge__ The Strawberry Tree is the world’s first public solar charger for mobile devices.", "Strawberry Tree (solar energy device) __knowledge__ It was developed by Serbian company Strawberry Energy.", "Strawberry Tree (solar energy device) __knowledge__ It won first place in the European Commission’s \"Sustainable energy week 2011\" competition in Brussels, in the category \"Consuming\".", "Strawberry Tree (solar energy device) __knowledge__ Strawberry Tree is a solar and WiFi station which is permanently installed in public places such as streets, parks and squares, providing passersby with the opportunity to charge their mobile devices for free when they are outside.", "Strawberry Tree (solar energy device) __knowledge__ Its main parts are: Also, Strawberry Tree provides free wireless internet in the immediate surroundings.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is a sweet cake or biscuit (in the American sense: that is, a crumbly bread that has been leavened with baking powder or baking soda).", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The earliest recipe for shortcake is in an English cookbook from 1588.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ In 1602, William Shakespeare used it as a character's name in \"The Merry Wives of Windsor\", Alice Shortcake.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder or soda, salt, butter, milk or cream, and sometimes eggs.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The dry ingredients are blended, and then the butter is cut in until the mixture resembles cornmeal.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The liquid ingredients are then mixed in just until moistened, resulting in a shortened dough.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ The musk strawberry or hautbois strawberry (Fragaria moschata), is a species of strawberry native to Europe.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ Its French name \"hautbois\" strawberry may be anglicised as hautboy strawberry.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ The plants are hardy and can survive in many weather conditions and are cultivated commercially on a small scale, particularly in Italy.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit are small and round; they are used in the gourmet community for their intense aroma and superb flavour, which has been compared to a mixture of regular strawberry, raspberry and pineapple.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ Popular cultivated varieties include 'Capron' and 'Profumata di Tortona'.", "Musk strawberry __knowledge__ Musk strawberries grow wild to a limited extent in the forests of Central Europe, north into Scandinavia, and east into Russia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus \"Fragaria\", collectively known as the strawberries.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as preserves, juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in many products like lip gloss, candy, hand sanitizers, perfume, and many others.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of \"Fragaria virginiana\" from eastern North America and \"Fragaria chiloensis\", which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Cultivars of \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\" have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (\"Fragaria vesca\"), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ The strawberry is not, from a botanical point of view, a berry.", "Strawberry __knowledge__ Technically, it is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ Michel Sleiman ( ; born 21 November 1948) served as President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ Before becoming President, he served as Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1998 to 2008.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ After Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) commander Émile Lahoud took office as President in November 1998, Suleiman succeeded him, taking his place in December.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ Suleiman was later elected President and was sworn into office on 25 May 2008.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ Sleiman was born in Amsheet in a Maronite Christian family on 21 November 1948.", "Michel Suleiman __knowledge__ He joined the Lebanese Armed Forces in 1967 and went on to graduate from the Military Academy as 2nd Lieutenant in 1970.", "Lebanese government of November 2009 __knowledge__ In November 2009, after five months of negotiations following the 2009 parliamentary elections, Lebanese prime minister Saad Hariri formed a national unity government.", "Lebanese government of November 2009 __knowledge__ Fifteen ministers were selected by Hariri's March 14 Alliance, ten from the opposition March 8 Alliance, and five allotted to President Michel Suleiman.", "Lebanese government of November 2009 __knowledge__ This formula denied March 14 a majority of cabinet posts, while also preventing the opposition from wielding veto power, which requires 11 posts.", "Lebanese government of November 2009 __knowledge__ Thus, at least in theory, the ministers selected by President Suleiman—considered impartial—hold a swing vote on decision making.", "Lebanese government of November 2009 __knowledge__ The cabinet and government program were voted for confidence on 10 December 2009.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ The formation of a new government led by Najib Mikati follows five months of negotiations after the fall of the Saad Hariri government.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ Mikati formed a controversial 30-minister cabinet.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ Following ruptures and tensions and two previous threats to resign, Mikati finally resigned on 23 March 2013.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ Tammam Salam was tasked to form a new government on 6 April 2013.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ The Hariri government fell after the withdrawal on March 8 of members from his cabinet following refusals to end cooperation with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon.", "Lebanese government of June 2011 __knowledge__ President Michel Suleiman then tasked Mikati to form a new government amid concerns of instability.", "Nassib Lahoud __knowledge__ Nassib Lahoud (23 November 19441 February 2012) was a Lebanese-Christian political figure.", "Nassib Lahoud __knowledge__ He held various posts including Minister of State, Member of parliament and Ambassador to the United States of America.", "Nassib Lahoud __knowledge__ He was also head of the Democratic Renewal Movement and a leading figure in the March 14 coalition, which nominated him as their presidential candidate when they held the parliamentary majority in 2008.", "Nassib Lahoud __knowledge__ His election was vetoed by Hezbollah and its allies, who refused to attend parliament and threatened not to recognise any president who was not the product of a consensus agreement between Lebanese political forces.", "Iran–Lebanon relations __knowledge__ Iran and Lebanon have diplomatic relations, with embassies in each other countries.", "Iran–Lebanon relations __knowledge__ Since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the two countries have deepened relations amidst controversy in Lebanon and abroad.", "Iran–Lebanon relations __knowledge__ According to a 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Survey, 39% of Lebanese people viewed Iran favorably, compared to 61% which viewed it unfavorably; 62% of Lebanese oppose Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons, 57% consider a nuclear-armed Iran a threat, and 74% approve of \"tougher sanctions\" on Iran, while 46% support use of military force to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons.", "Iran–Lebanon relations __knowledge__ Notably, while most Sunni Muslims and Christians in Lebanon expressed unfavorable views of President Ahmadinejad (92% and 57% respectively), 95% of Lebanese Shi'a Muslims viewed him favorably.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are closed canopy forests, dominated by a diverse assemblage of evergreen and semi-deciduous tree and shrub species, mostly of West Indian origin.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are found nearly throughout the southern half of South Florida, with large concentrations in Dade County on the Miami Rock Ridge, in Dade and Monroe counties in the Florida Keys and along the northern shores of Florida Bay, and in the Pinecrest region of the Big Cypress Swamp.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ They are not fire maintained communities, although fire may burn into tropical hardwood hammocks under certain conditions.", "Lebanese presidential election, 2014–2016 __knowledge__ A series of rounds in the Lebanese presidential election were held from 23 April 2014 until 31 October 2016.", "Lebanese presidential election, 2014–2016 __knowledge__ No candidate reached a two-thirds majority vote in the first round, and subsequent rounds failed to gain a quorum.", "Lebanese presidential election, 2014–2016 __knowledge__ Finally in the forty-sixth round held on 31 October 2016, Michel Aoun, a Member of Parliament and formerly a disputed Prime Minister and Acting President in a rival government near the end of the Lebanese Civil War, was elected with 83 votes in Parliament.", "Lebanese presidential election, 2014–2016 __knowledge__ He took office the same day as the 12th President of Lebanon since independence in 1943.", "Lebanese presidential election, 2014–2016 __knowledge__ Prior to the formation of the Salam government, the main consideration was carrying out the presidential election, which would precede the parliamentary election and a new electoral law.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Berry __knowledge__ In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.", "Berry __knowledge__ Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.", "Berry __knowledge__ Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.", "Berry __knowledge__ In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.", "Berry __knowledge__ The scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage.", "Berry __knowledge__ In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp).", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ Driscoll's is a California-based seller of fresh strawberries and other berries.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ It is a fourth-generation family business that has been in the Reiter and Driscoll families since the late 1800s.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ It controls roughly a third of the six-billion-dollar U.S. berry market.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ Headquartered in Watsonville, California, Driscoll's develops proprietary breeds of berries and then licenses them exclusively through approved growers.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ The origin of Dirscoll's dates back to the late 1800s.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ In 1849, a butcher from Alsace settled in California and eventually farmed near Watsonville.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ The butcher's son, J.E.", "Driscoll's __knowledge__ \"Ed\" Reiter and Reiter's brother-in-law, R.F.", "List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters __knowledge__ The Mew Mews are led by the main character, Ichigo Momomiya, whose first task is to gather the other four Mew Mews: Minto Aizawa, Retasu Midorikawa, Bu-Ling Huang, and Zakuro Fujiwara.", "List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters __knowledge__ As the series progresses, Ichigo goes from having a crush on Masaya Aoyama to becoming his girlfriend while trying to hide her secret double life from him.", "List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters __knowledge__ The series antagonists include three aliens, Quiche, Pie, and Tart, and their leader, Deep Blue.", "List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters __knowledge__ Originally from Earth, the aliens were forced to leave long ago due to deadly environmental changes.", "List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters __knowledge__ They have returned to kill the humans, who they feel are destroying their planet, and reclaim the planet.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The breeding of strawberries is a long story that starts with the selection and cultivation of European strawberry species in western Europe in the 15th century while a similar discovery and cultivation occurred in Chile.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed strawberry species in modern times is the garden strawberry, a species derived from hybridization of two other species, with the scientific name \"Fragaria\" × \"ananassa\", but there are many species of strawberries, several others of which are cultivated to some extent.", "Breeding of strawberries __knowledge__ The strawberry species fall into several different genetic types, based on their number of chromosomes.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ] ]

[ 2, 6, 8, 9 ]

[ "i love strawberries! they are cultivated worldwide!", "probably so. The first strawberry was bread in France in 1750s ", "i'm not really sure. You know it's interesting that everybody calls strawberries a berry but from botanical point of view strawberry is not a berry", "technically its an accessory fruit" ]

[ "Strawberry", "Strawberry", "Strawberry", "Strawberry" ]

[ "Agoraphobia\nI have agoraphobia and have panic attacks if I try to leave my house", "Yes it is hard so I just stay home unless I just have to go out", "Not that I know of most of my family does not really understand it and just think its odd", "well yeah because when you stay home all the time its depressing", "Medications help too as a last resort I find" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous physically.", "Panic attack __knowledge__ Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use disorder, depression, and medical problems.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder (also called primary agoraphobia) is an anxiety disorder where the sufferer does not meet the DSM-5 criteria for panic disorder.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia typically develops as a result of having panic disorder.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ In a small minority of cases, however, agoraphobia can develop by itself without being triggered by the onset of panic attacks.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Agoraphobia can be caused by traumatic experiences, such as bullying or abuse.", "Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder __knowledge__ Historically, there has been debate over whether agoraphobia without panic genuinely existed, or whether it was simply a manifestation of other disorders such as panic disorder, general anxiety disorder, avoidant personality disorder and social phobia.", "Phobia __knowledge__ A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder, defined by a persistent fear of an object or situation.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The phobia typically results in a rapid onset of fear and is present for more than six months.", "Phobia __knowledge__ The affected person will go to great lengths to avoid the situation or object, typically to a degree greater than the actual danger posed.", "Phobia __knowledge__ If the feared object or situation cannot be avoided, the affected person will have significant distress.", "Phobia __knowledge__ With blood or injury phobia, fainting may occur.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is often associated with panic attacks.", "Phobia __knowledge__ Usually a person has phobias to a number of objects or situations.", "Phobophobia __knowledge__ Phobophobia is the fear of phobia(s) and, more specifically, of the internal sensations associated with that phobia and anxiety, which binds it closely to other anxiety disorders, especially with generalized anxiety disorders (free floating fears) and panic attacks.", "Phobophobia __knowledge__ It is a condition in which anxiety disorders are maintained in an extended way, which combined with the psychological fear generated by phobophobia of encountering the feared phobia would ultimately lead to the intensifying of the effects of the feared phobia that the patient might have developed, such as agoraphobia, and specially with it, and making them susceptible to having an extreme fear of panicking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Hungarian migrant quota referendum, 2016 __knowledge__ A referendum related to the European Union's migrant relocation plans was held in Hungary on 2 October 2016.", "Hungarian migrant quota referendum, 2016 __knowledge__ The referendum was initiated by the government, and it was commonly referred to as the \"kvótanépszavazás\" or \"kvótareferendum\" (quota referendum) in the Hungarian media.", "Hungarian migrant quota referendum, 2016 __knowledge__ While an overwhelming majority of voters rejected the EU's migrant quotas, turnout was too low to make the poll valid.", "Hungarian migrant quota referendum, 2016 __knowledge__ Hungary was one of the affected countries during the European migrant crisis.", "Hungarian migrant quota referendum, 2016 __knowledge__ On 17 June 2015, Viktor Orbán's Fidesz government (it is his third) announced the construction of a 175-kilometre-long fence along its southern border with Serbia.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1980 to 1989.", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Grant Andrews is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1980s) __knowledge__ He was portrayed by actor Brian Patrick Clarke from 1983 to 1985, who also played the character's doppelgänger, Grant Putnam.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The \"Ranma ½\" manga series features a cast of characters created by Rumiko Takahashi.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The story revolves around the Japanese teenage boy Ranma Saotome who has trained in martial arts since early childhood.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ As a result of an accident during a training journey in China, he is cursed to become a girl when splashed with cold water, while hot water changes him back into a boy.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series Ranma seeks out a way to rid his curse, while his friends, enemies and many fiancées constantly hinder and interfere.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Many of the characters are similarly cursed to turn into animals or other creatures when splashed and are skilled in different and unusual types of martial arts.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from Nickelodeon live-action show \"House of Anubis\".", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ Nina Martin is an American girl who lived with her grandmother in the United States before moving to Anubis House in England.", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ Nina was the leader of the group Sibuna in the first two seasons.", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ With the help of her friends Fabian and Amber, the three manage to hold all of the other Sibunas together in one piece.", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ She is usually caring, level-headed, clever, and fearless, but is sometimes a little shy.", "List of House of Anubis characters __knowledge__ Nina arrives at Anubis House on a scholarship from the United States on the same day Joy was hidden away by the Secret Society.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ This is the list of both known major and minor characters for the animated television series \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ Some of them have magical abilities.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ At the age of fourteen, Seth is the leader of the Di-Gata defenders.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He is skilled, confident, charismatic, creative, and decisive.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ However, he is also impatient in battle and headstrong.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He also likes to eat, which he can do with his eyes closed, and tends to succumb to nausea more than the others due to his weak stomach.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He controls the Nova Stone, a powerful Champion Stone which once belonged to his father.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ As the leader of the Defenders, he tries to be careful with those he trusts, for the past errors they have had (especially with Kali).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Baccano! characters __knowledge__ The \"Baccano!\"", "List of Baccano! characters __knowledge__ light novel and anime series feature an extensive ensemble cast of characters created by Ryohgo Narita and illustrated by Katsumi Enami.", "List of Baccano! characters __knowledge__ Largely set in a fictional United States, the series tells many loosely connected stories about people brought together by immortality and is often told from multiple points of view.", "List of Baccano! characters __knowledge__ The events occur throughout many decades; most take place during the Prohibition-era while others are set in the 18th century and the first decade of the 21st century.", "List of Baccano! characters __knowledge__ The cast is made up of many seemingly unconnected characters and at least twenty main characters, including Isaac Dian and Miria Harvent, a pair of eccentric thieves; Firo Prochainezo and his mentor Maiza Avaro, members of Manhattan's small Camorrista Martillo family; Keith, Berga and Luck Gandor, three brothers who manage the small Gandor mafia family, also based in Manhattan; Szilard Quates, who recreates an immortality elixir which many characters accidentally drink, and his homunculus Ennis; Dallas Genoard, a young thug from a wealthy family, and his sister Eve; Czeslaw Meyer, a young boy; mafia hitman Ladd Russo and his fiancée Lua Klein; mute bodyguard Chane Laforet; gangsters Nice Holystone and Jacuzzi Splot; and the Gandors' adoptive brother Claire Stanfield, also known as the legendary assassin Vino.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Robert Paul \"Tad\" Williams (born 14 March 1957 in San Jose, California) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He is the author of the multivolume \"Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn\" series, \"Otherland\" series, and \"Shadowmarch\" series as well as the standalone novels \"Tailchaser's Song\" and \"The War of the Flowers\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Most recently, Williams published \"The Bobby Dollar\" series.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Cumulatively, over 17 million copies of Williams's works have been sold.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Williams's work in comics includes a six issue mini-series for DC Comics called \"The Next\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He also wrote \"\" issue #50 to #57.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Other comic work includes \"Mirrorworld: Rain\" and \"The Helmet of Fate: Ibis the Invincible #1\" (DC).", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ \"Agent Carter\" is an American television series created for ABC by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, inspired by the 2011 film \"\", and the 2013 Marvel One-Shot short film of the same name.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ The first season, consisting of eight episodes, originally aired from January 6 to February 24, 2015, while the second season, consisting of ten episodes, originally aired from January 19 to March 1, 2016.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ \"Agent Carter\" was canceled by ABC on May 12, 2016.", "List of Agent Carter characters __knowledge__ The series features the Marvel Comics character Peggy Carter, with Hayley Atwell reprising her role from the film series and One-Shot, as she must balance life as a secret agent with that of a single woman in 1940s America.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Honor killing __knowledge__ An honor killing (also spelled honour, see spelling differences) or a shame killing is the homicide of a member of a family, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, being in a relationship that is disapproved by their family, having sex outside marriage, becoming the victim of rape, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, engaging in non-heterosexual relations or renouncing a faith.", "Honor killing __knowledge__ Human Rights Watch defines \"honor killings\" as follows: Honor killings are acts of vengeance, usually death, committed by male family members against female family members, who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Chrono Trigger __knowledge__ Chrono Trigger is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1995.", "Chrono Trigger __knowledge__ \"Chrono Trigger\"s development team included three designers that Square dubbed the \"Dream Team\": Hironobu Sakaguchi, the creator of Square's \"Final Fantasy\" series; Yuji Horii, a freelance designer and creator of Enix's popular \"Dragon Quest\" series; and Akira Toriyama, a manga artist famed for his work with \"Dragon Quest\" and \"Dragon Ball\".", "Chrono Trigger __knowledge__ Kazuhiko Aoki produced the game, Masato Kato wrote most of the plot, while composer Yasunori Mitsuda wrote most of the soundtrack before falling ill and deferring the remaining tracks to \"Final Fantasy\" series composer Nobuo Uematsu.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Family folklore __knowledge__ Family folklore is the branch of folkloristics concerned with the study and use of folklore and traditional culture transmitted within a family group.", "Family folklore __knowledge__ This includes items of material culture, crafts produced by family members or memorabilia saved as reminders or remainders of significant family events.", "Family folklore __knowledge__ It also includes family photos and photo albums in paper and electronic format, along with bundles of other pages held for posterity: certificates, letters, journals, notes and shopping lists.", "Family folklore __knowledge__ Family stories and sayings, originally recounting actual events, are told and retold until the historical facts give way to a distilled expression of common identity.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence, is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Sometimes considered a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because they are women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, \"violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women\" and \"violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family, later referred to as the Soprano crime family, is a fictional Mafia family from the HBO series \"The Sopranos.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ It is thought to be loosely based on the DeCavalcante crime family, a real New Jersey Mafia family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family consists of an administration and six crews.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from \"The Sopranos\" that are associated with the DiMeo crime family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ In the series, the DiMeo crime family is believed to have been formed in Northern New Jersey in the 1950s.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ Ercole DiMeo is believed to have been the first official boss, although according to the book, \"The Sopranos Family History\" by Allen Rucker and David Chase, there was an earlier boss named Alfano, but he is never mentioned in the series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Transit (band) __knowledge__ Transit was an American rock band from Stoneham, Massachusetts.", "Transit (band) __knowledge__ Since their formation in 2006, they have released five albums, four EPs, and a split EP with Man Overboard.", "Transit (band) __knowledge__ Although they largely took influence from emo acts such as Saves the Day, Death Cab for Cutie, American Football, Fairweather, Lifetime, and Hot Water Music their sound transformed from a fusion of pop punk and contemporary emo from their early releases into an indie rock sound by their final release, Joyride.", "Transit (band) __knowledge__ In July 2008, it was announced that the band would release a new EP, titled \"Stay Home\", later in the year.", "Transit (band) __knowledge__ On October 16, it was announced that the band had signed to independent label Run for Cover Records.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ Sexuality has been a significant theme in the various Star Trek television and motion-picture series.", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ Sexual relationships in \"Star Trek\" have mostly been depicted as heterosexual in nature.", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ There have been depictions of bisexual relationships, but always with a twist (e.g.", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ using versions of characters from a mirror universe instead of the \"real\" ones; female Trill Dax and Kahn in \"Rejoined\" had been a heterosexual couple in their former lives).", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ Inter-species and inter-ethnic relationships have been commonly depicted.", "Sexuality in Star Trek __knowledge__ A comparatively broader range of views has been shown with respect to monogamy, polygamy, and the institution of marriage.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Homelessness is the condition of person or persons lacking \"A fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence\" as defined by The McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Homelessness emerged as a national issue in the 1870s.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Many homeless people lived in emerging urban cities, such as New York City.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ Into the 20th century, the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a devastating epidemic of poverty, hunger, and homelessness.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ There were two million homeless people migrating across the United States.", "Homelessness in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1960s, the deinstitutionalization of patients from state psychiatric hospitals, according to the physician's medical libraries on use of pharmaceuticals, was a precipitating factor which seeded the population of people that are homeless.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Cognitive epidemiology is a field of research that examines the associations between intelligence test scores (IQ scores or extracted \"g\"-factors) and health, more specifically morbidity (mental and physical) and mortality.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Typically, test scores are obtained at an early age, and compared to later morbidity and mortality.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ In addition to exploring and establishing these associations, cognitive epidemiology seeks to understand causal relationships between intelligence and health outcomes.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Researchers in the field argue that intelligence measured at an early age is an important predictor of later health and mortality differences.", "Dual diagnosis __knowledge__ Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders, COD, or dual pathology) is the condition of suffering from a mental illness and a comorbid substance abuse problem.", "Dual diagnosis __knowledge__ There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems.", "Dual diagnosis __knowledge__ The concept can be used broadly, for example depression and alcoholism, or it can be restricted to specify severe mental illness (e.g.", "Dual diagnosis __knowledge__ psychosis, schizophrenia) and substance misuse disorder (e.g.", "Dual diagnosis __knowledge__ cannabis abuse), or a person who has a milder mental illness and a drug dependency, such as panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder and is dependent on opioids.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ Widely differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical and criminal justice contexts.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ In some cases criminal or anti-social behavior occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug, and long term personality changes in individuals may occur as well.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ In addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties, although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ This article discusses the incarceration of women in prisons within the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ A 2014 International Center for Prison Studies report stated that about 33% of all female prisoners in the world are held in the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ According to a September 2014 study by the \"International Center for Prison Studies,\" nearly a third of all female prisoners worldwide are incarcerated in the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ The total population of females incarcerated in US prisons and jails in 2013 was 213,700 (males 2,492,400) – 9.3% of the total.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ Between 2000 and 2010 the number of males in prison grew by 1.4% per annum, while the number of females grew by 1.9% per annum." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Being in these situations may result in a panic attack.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.", "Agoraphobia __knowledge__ Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ A lender of last resort (LOLR) is the lender (provider of liquidity), which since the beginning of the 20th century has usually been a central bank, that supplies liquidity to a financial institution or to the financial market in general when it is lacking.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ The lender of last resort facility is normally called on only when the interbank lending market and other facilities have been exhausted.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ The goal is to prevent financial panics and bank runs spreading from one bank to the next from a lack of liquidity.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ Different definitions of the lender of last resort exist in the literature.", "Lender of last resort __knowledge__ A comprehensive one is the following: \"the discretionary provision of liquidity to a financial institution (or the market as a whole) by the central bank in reaction to an adverse shock which causes an abnormal increase in demand for liquidity which cannot be met from an alternative source\".", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ In Constitutional law, the Last Resort Rule is a largely prudential rule which gives a federal court the power to avoid a constitutional issue in some circumstances.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ This rule dictates that, even if all other jurisdictional and justiciability obstacles are surmounted, federal courts still must avoid a constitutional issue if there is any other ground upon which to render a final judgment.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ The last resort rule can function as a distinct barrier to Constitutional avoidance.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ It is articulated by Justice Brandeis in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority.", "Last resort rule __knowledge__ Brandeis cited two examples in Ashwander of the \"most varied application\" of the last resort rule.", "Drug of last resort __knowledge__ A drug of last resort (DoLR) is a pharmaceutical drug that is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient.", "Drug of last resort __knowledge__ Drug resistance, such as antimicrobial resistance or antineoplastic resistance, may make the first-line drug ineffective, especially with multidrug-resistant pathogens or tumors.", "Drug of last resort __knowledge__ Such an alternative may be outside of extant regulatory requirements or medical best practices, in which case it may be viewed as salvage therapy.", "Drug of last resort __knowledge__ The use of a drug of last resort may be based on agreement among members of a patient's care network, including physicians and healthcare professionals across multiple specialties, or on a patient's desire to pursue a particular course of treatment and a practitioner's willingness to administer that course.", "Fallback font __knowledge__ A fallback font is a reserve typeface containing symbols for as many Unicode characters as possible.", "Fallback font __knowledge__ When a display system encounters a character that is not part of the repertoire of any of the other available fonts, a symbol from a fallback font is used instead.", "Fallback font __knowledge__ Typically, a fallback font will contain symbols representative of the various types of Unicode characters.", "Fallback font __knowledge__ Systems that do not offer a fallback font typically display black or white rectangles, question marks, the Unicode Replacement Character (U+FFFD), or nothing at all, in place of missing characters.", "Fallback font __knowledge__ Placing one or more fallback fonts at the end of a list of preferred fonts ensures that there are no missing characters.", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ \"Last Resort\" is the first single from the rock band Papa Roach's second album, \"Infest\".", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ The song \"Last Resort\" is about suicide.", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Papa Roach member Tobin Esperance spoke about the song and its lyrics, saying: Papa Roach vocalist Jacoby Shaddix described the song as a \"cry for help\".", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ He also said \"That song was about one of my best friends, and then 12–13 years later, that song was about me.", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ I found myself in that place, where I was like, \"I can't go on this way.", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ I can't do it anymore.\"\"", "Last Resort (song) __knowledge__ Shaddix said that \"Last Resort\" is about a roommate he had who tried to commit suicide.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and highest (or final) court of appeal.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ However, not all highest courts are named as such.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court.", "Supreme court __knowledge__ Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Behaviour therapy __knowledge__ Behaviour therapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and are often used in conjunction with cognitive psychology.", "Behaviour therapy __knowledge__ While behaviour analysis views everything an organism does as behaviour—including overt and covert, the cognitive psychology viewpoint is that cognition and emotions are the causes of overt behavior.", "Behaviour therapy __knowledge__ Those who practice behaviour therapy tend to look more at specific, learned behaviours and how the environment influences those behaviours.", "Behaviour therapy __knowledge__ Those who practice behaviour therapy are called behaviourists, or behaviour analysts.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Hypnosis is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ The term may also refer to an art, skill, or act of inducing hypnosis.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Theories explaining what occurs during hypnosis fall into two groups.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ \"Altered state\" theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary conscious state.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ In contrast, \"nonstate\" theories see hypnosis as a form of imaginative role enactment.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ During hypnosis, a person is said to have heightened focus and concentration.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is variable and uncertain, and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Only two treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy, have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment, although medications are used without approval for the illness (off-label).", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that haven't been approved for market for any condition in the United States (for example, isoprinosine and rintatolimod).", "Occupational therapy in the management of seasonal affective disorder __knowledge__ Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) impacts a variety of occupational performance areas, and occupational therapists (OTs) help individuals cope with SAD by incorporating best practices and principles from various health care disciplines into their therapeutic practice with clients with SAD, including assessment, treatment, and evaluation.", "Occupational therapy in the management of seasonal affective disorder __knowledge__ Care and treatment are holistic and tailored to the client’s goals, needs, and responsiveness to treatments.", "Occupational therapy in the management of seasonal affective disorder __knowledge__ In addition to educating clients on the etiology, prevalence, symptoms, and occupational performance issues associated with SAD, OTs treat patients or educate them on the different types of interventions available.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice for improving mental health.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Guided by empirical research, CBT focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems and changing unhelpful patterns in cognitions (e.g.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes), behaviors, and emotional regulation.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ It was originally designed to treat depression, and is now used for a number of mental health conditions.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ The CBT model is based on the combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology .", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death." ] ]

[ 5, 8, 11, 13, 6 ]

[ "I find that people in your situation will go to great lengths to avoid them.", "Do you have any family members with the issue? I find it runs in the family, and deaths in the family can be a trigger.", "Well still make sure you get support from them, people with this issue have a higher risk of substance abuse and depression.", "Treatment can help though. Cognitive Behavioural therapy is what's mostly used these days.", "Whatever you do, just make sure you are able to leave your home!" ]

[ "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia", "Agoraphobia" ]

[ "Jess Greenberg", "Yes i think i have heard of her before . Doesn't she do performances ?", "Oh wow i had no idea! I might have to watch her sometime she seems like a good performer " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Jess Greenberg is a YouTube personality, singer, and acoustic guitarist from London, England.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg started performing publicly at an early age.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In an interview she recounted her performance of Elvis Presley's \"Can't Help Falling in Love With You\" at age four while on a trip to St. Tropez to an audience at the Hotel Byblos.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ \"I requested 'Can't help falling in love with you' by Elvis and the performer asked if I'd sing it.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I remember being so excited.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She later explained the effect of seeing the 2003 Jack Black movie \"School of Rock\" had on her musical interests, \"I remember that changing my view of music completely.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I started listening to AC/DC, Guns N' Roses, Red Hot Chili Peppers … and I realized how much I loved rock music.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also cites Jimi Hendrix as \"one of my biggest inspirations\".", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg began posting cover recordings of songs on YouTube in 2010 at age 15.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In December 2012, Greenberg was selected as the \"Female Artist of the Month\" on the \"Star Central\" magazine's website.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She also won Ryan Seacrest's \"Totally Covered Summer\" competition in August 2013 for a cover of \"Get Lucky\" by Daft Punk.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also drew significant attention for her cover of AC/DC's \"Highway to Hell\" posted in August 2013." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Jess Greenberg is a YouTube personality, singer, and acoustic guitarist from London, England.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg started performing publicly at an early age.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In an interview she recounted her performance of Elvis Presley's \"Can't Help Falling in Love With You\" at age four while on a trip to St. Tropez to an audience at the Hotel Byblos.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ \"I requested 'Can't help falling in love with you' by Elvis and the performer asked if I'd sing it.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I remember being so excited.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She later explained the effect of seeing the 2003 Jack Black movie \"School of Rock\" had on her musical interests, \"I remember that changing my view of music completely.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I started listening to AC/DC, Guns N' Roses, Red Hot Chili Peppers … and I realized how much I loved rock music.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also cites Jimi Hendrix as \"one of my biggest inspirations\".", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg began posting cover recordings of songs on YouTube in 2010 at age 15.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In December 2012, Greenberg was selected as the \"Female Artist of the Month\" on the \"Star Central\" magazine's website.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She also won Ryan Seacrest's \"Totally Covered Summer\" competition in August 2013 for a cover of \"Get Lucky\" by Daft Punk.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also drew significant attention for her cover of AC/DC's \"Highway to Hell\" posted in August 2013.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Miranda Sings __knowledge__ Miranda Sings is a fictional character, developed on the internet, created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian, actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger.", "Miranda Sings __knowledge__ Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless, egotistical, misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel.", "Miranda Sings __knowledge__ In these videos, the eccentric, narcissistic, yet endearing character sings and dances badly, gives inept \"tutorials\", recounts her daily activities, discusses current events that she often misunderstands, collaborates with other YouTubers, and rants about her critics, reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media; she responds to them with her catchphrase: \"Haters Back Off!\".", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ Colleen Ballinger (born November 21, 1986) is an American comedian, actress, singer and YouTube personality.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ She is best known for her Internet character Miranda Sings, posting videos of the character on YouTube and performing her one-woman comedy act on tour in theatres worldwide.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ She created the comically talentless, egotistical and eccentric character to satirize the many YouTube videos featuring people singing badly, but who appear unaware of their lack of talent.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ In her videos and stage act, the narcissistic character sings and dances badly, discusses current events that she misunderstands, gives inept \"tutorials\", collaborates with other YouTubers, and rants about her personal issues and her critics, whom she calls the \"haters\".", "Hank Greenberg __knowledge__ Henry Benjamin \"Hank\" Greenberg (born Hyman Greenberg; January 1, 1911 – September 4, 1986), nicknamed \"Hammerin' Hank\", \"Hankus Pankus\", or \"The Hebrew Hammer\", was an American professional baseball player and team executive.", "Hank Greenberg __knowledge__ He played in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the Detroit Tigers as a first baseman in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Hank Greenberg __knowledge__ A member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and a two-time MVP winner, he was one of the premier power hitters of his generation and is widely considered as one of the greatest sluggers in baseball history.", "Hank Greenberg __knowledge__ He had 47 months of military service including service in World War II, all of which took place during his major league career.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ Such Tweet Sorrow is a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in tweets.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ During the period of five weeks (April 10, 2010 – May 12, 2010) six professional actors performed the play on Twitter and other web devices.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The actors improvised around a prepared story grid and could interact with each other and react to followers, fans, real events and comments via Twitter.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The play was a cooperation between the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Mudlark Production Company.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The story of Romeo and Juliet's love is taken to the 21st century and is set in an unknown town in Great Britain.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The feud between the Montagues and the Capulets begins in 2000, when Susan Capulet, Juliet's mother, is killed in a car crash.", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ The Mother-Daughter Book Club is a children's novel written by Heather Vogel Frederick.", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ It was published in 2007 by Simon & Schuster.", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ The book centers around the life of four very different preteen girls who become best friends because their mothers decided to start a book club.", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ The first book they read together is \"Little Women\".", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ The series continues with six other novels: \"Much Ado About Anne\", \"Dear Pen Pal\", \"Pies and Prejudice\", \"Home for the Holidays\", \"Wish You Were Eyre\", and \"Mother Daughter Book Camp\".", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ The book is divided between seasons, and the point of view from each girl.", "The Mother-Daughter Book Club __knowledge__ Emma starts it off with her point of view." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Jess Greenberg is a YouTube personality, singer, and acoustic guitarist from London, England.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg started performing publicly at an early age.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In an interview she recounted her performance of Elvis Presley's \"Can't Help Falling in Love With You\" at age four while on a trip to St. Tropez to an audience at the Hotel Byblos.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ \"I requested 'Can't help falling in love with you' by Elvis and the performer asked if I'd sing it.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I remember being so excited.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She later explained the effect of seeing the 2003 Jack Black movie \"School of Rock\" had on her musical interests, \"I remember that changing my view of music completely.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ I started listening to AC/DC, Guns N' Roses, Red Hot Chili Peppers … and I realized how much I loved rock music.\"", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also cites Jimi Hendrix as \"one of my biggest inspirations\".", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg began posting cover recordings of songs on YouTube in 2010 at age 15.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ In December 2012, Greenberg was selected as the \"Female Artist of the Month\" on the \"Star Central\" magazine's website.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ She also won Ryan Seacrest's \"Totally Covered Summer\" competition in August 2013 for a cover of \"Get Lucky\" by Daft Punk.", "Jess Greenberg __knowledge__ Greenberg also drew significant attention for her cover of AC/DC's \"Highway to Hell\" posted in August 2013.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host, and producer.", "Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ Seacrest is known for hosting the competition show \"American Idol\", the syndicated countdown program \"American Top 40\", and the KIIS-FM morning radio show \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\".", "Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ He began co-hosting \"Live with Kelly and Ryan\" on a permanent basis May 1, 2017.", "Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ Seacrest received Emmy Award nominations for \"American Idol\", and won an Emmy for producing \"Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution\".", "Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ Seacrest was born on December 24, 1974, in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Constance Marie (née Zullinger), a homemaker, and Gary Lee Seacrest, a real estate lawyer.", "American Top 40 __knowledge__ American Top 40 (commonly abbreviated to AT40) is an internationally syndicated, independent song countdown radio program created by Casey Kasem, Don Bustany, Tom Rounds and Ron Jacobs.", "American Top 40 __knowledge__ The program is currently hosted by Ryan Seacrest and presented as an adjunct to his weekday radio program, \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\".", "American Top 40 __knowledge__ Originally a production of Watermark Inc. (later a division of ABC Radio known as ABC Watermark, now Cumulus Media Networks), \"AT40\" is now distributed by Premiere Networks in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, China, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Oman and several other territories worldwide.", "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve __knowledge__ Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve (NYRE) is an annual New Year's Eve television special broadcast by ABC.", "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve __knowledge__ The special broadcasts primarily from New York City's Times Square, and prominently features coverage of its annual ball drop event, along with live and pre-recorded musical performances by popular musicians from Times Square and Hollywood, respectively, in addition to live performances and coverage of festivities from New Orleans.", "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve __knowledge__ Its creator and namesake was the entertainer Dick Clark, who conceived \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\" as a younger-skewing competitor to Guy Lombardo's popular and long-running New Year's Eve big band broadcasts on CBS.", "American Idol __knowledge__ American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, and ended its first run on April 7, 2016.", "American Idol __knowledge__ On March 11, 2018, the show will make its debut on ABC.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It started off as an addition to the \"Idols\" format based on the British series \"Pop Idol\", and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.", "American Idol __knowledge__ The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting.", "American Idol controversies __knowledge__ The American singing competition show American Idol has generated controversy over the years in numerous areas.", "American Idol controversies __knowledge__ Many of the controversies have centered on the show's voting process and results, and in later seasons, gender bias against female contestants, as well as contestant comments.", "American Idol controversies __knowledge__ Another major source of controversy that has spanned multiple seasons has been the activities of contestants prior to competing on the show such as past recording contracts in contravention of the rules, and undisclosed criminal charges.", "American Idol controversies __knowledge__ Voting has been the biggest source of controversy with \"American Idol\" becoming embroiled in numerous controversies in various seasons over the voting process and its results.", "On Air with Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ On Air with Ryan Seacrest is an American syndicated radio program hosted by Ryan Seacrest.", "On Air with Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ As of 2017, the daily morning radio show airs on Los Angeles top 40 station KIIS-FM; it was launched at the same time as the television show with the same name, although Seacrest had hosted a similar show in afternoon drive on sister station KYSR from 1995 until 2003.", "On Air with Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ The TV series ran for several months in 2004, but nationwide syndication of the radio program would not start until 2008, where a majority of its affiliates air it in the middays or afternoons.", "On Air with Ryan Seacrest __knowledge__ The radio show is broadcast from the KIIS-FM studios in Burbank, California.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ The ninth season of \"American Idol\" premiered on January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010 on Fox.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21, 2010, during the top seven results show.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season.", "American Idol (season 9) __knowledge__ Cowell, DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended, although only Cowell's departure was announced in advance." ] ]

[ 1, 11, 10 ]

[ "Have you ever heard of Jess Greenberg? She is a YouTube star that sings and plays guitar.", "Yes and in 2013 she won Ryan Seacrest", "In December 2012, she was selected as \"Female artist of the Month\"" ]

[ "Jess Greenberg", "Jess Greenberg", "Jess Greenberg" ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "The most biggest trucks? What do you mean by that?", "Oh alright, what else do you know about the most popular ford trucks?", "The ford truck in general or a particular truck manufactured by ford like the F250 or something?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "The Pushcart War __knowledge__ The Pushcart War is a popular children's novel by the American writer Jean Merrill, illustrated by Ronni Solbert and published by Harper & Row in 1964.", "The Pushcart War __knowledge__ It is Merrill's best known work.", "The Pushcart War __knowledge__ The story is written in the style of a historical report from the future, looking back at the earlier events of a \"war\" on the streets of New York City between trucking companies and pushcart owners who use pea shooters as weapons to disrupt the trucks.", "The Pushcart War __knowledge__ Merrill said the idea for the novel brewed in her for several years while she lived in Greenwich Village.", "The Pushcart War __knowledge__ She said the truck traffic there was oppressive and she fantasized about flattening the tires out with pea shooters.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ Manuel Córdova-Rios (November 22, 1887 – November 22, 1978) was a vegetalista (herbalist) of the upper Amazon, and the subject of several popular books.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The young mestizo joined a company that left Iquitos for the surrounding Amazon forest to cut rubber trees.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ He was apparently captured by a native tribe, among whom he then lived for seven years.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The elderly chief taught him in intensive private sessions traditional knowledge, e.g., about medicinal plants of the jungle, and about leadership.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ From the tribe he learned hunting skills and acquired the name \"Ino Moxo\" (black jaguar).", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The chief also led group sessions using ayahuasca.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns across generations and descendant lines.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes summaries only of the underlying genetics.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ Diamond Valley Lake is a man-made off-stream reservoir located near Hemet, California, United States.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ It is one of the largest reservoirs in Southern California and also one of the newest.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ With a capacity of , the lake nearly doubled the area’s surface water storage capacity and provides additional water supplies for drought, peak summer, and emergency needs.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) began the $1.9 billion construction project in 1995.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ Filling of the lake, by way of the Colorado River Aqueduct, began in 1999 and was completed in 2003.", "Diamond Valley Lake __knowledge__ The lake is currently served by the Inland Feeder.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the United States, first enacted by the United States Congress in 1975, after the 1973-74 Arab Oil Embargo, to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles) produced for sale in the United States.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended by the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), requires that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) establish standards separately for passenger automobiles (passenger cars) and nonpassenger automobiles (light trucks) at the maximum feasible levels in each model year, and requires that DOT enforce compliance with the standards.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ A food truck is a small truck that operates as a restaurant.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ The height of the cooking area shall be less than 1.5 m (1.2 m) and the area shall be not less than 0.5 m*m and not more than 0.5 m*m. A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Truck __knowledge__ A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.", "Truck __knowledge__ Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration; smaller varieties may be mechanically similar to some automobiles.", "Truck __knowledge__ Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.", "Truck __knowledge__ Modern trucks are largely powered by diesel engines, although small to medium size trucks with gasoline engines exist in the US, Canada, and Mexico.", "Truck __knowledge__ In the European Union, vehicles with a gross combination mass of up to are known as light commercial vehicles, and those over as large goods vehicles.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ In 1906-1907, Ford's first straight-6 engine was introduced in the Model K. Henry Ford did not like the car because the engine could overpower its transmission.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The next Ford six was introduced in the 1941 Ford.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company of America continued producing straight-six engines until 1996, when they were discontinued in favor of more compact V6 designs.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ Ford Australia manufactures these engines for their Falcon and Ford Territory vehicles.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The first-generation Ford six-cylinder engines were all flatheads.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ They were the G- and H-series engines of used in cars and trucks and the M-series of used in larger Ford trucks and for industrial applications.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The Ford L-Series (also named Ford Louisville or Ford Aeromax) is a range of heavy-duty trucks that were assembled and marketed by Ford between 1970 and 1998.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The first dedicated Class 8 truck produced by the company, the L-Series range replaced the N-Series short conventional (derived from the F-Series).", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ Produced as both straight trucks and semitractors, the Ford L-Series encompassed a wide range of models through the Class 7-8 GVWR ratings in medium-duty, severe-service, and vocational applications.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The line would become one of the most popular series of trucks Ford ever produced.1970 Ford Trucks, by Auto Editors of Consumer Guide The L-Series was produced in the Kentucky Truck Plant near Louisville, Kentucky, which gave rise to the nickname \"Louisville Line\" trucks; as part of a 1996 redesign, part of the model line officially took on the Louisville nameplate.", "Monster truck __knowledge__ A monster truck is a pickup truck modified with a larger suspension and larger tires, usually for recreational uses.", "Monster truck __knowledge__ Today pickup trucks are still used, however SUV bodies as well as themed trucks are driven and most of the bodies are now made of fiberglass rather than metal.", "Monster truck __knowledge__ Themed trucks vary from car bodies, SUV bodies, and even animal themed bodies.", "Monster truck __knowledge__ A competition monster truck should meet guidelines by being 12 feet tall, 12 feet wide, and as of 2015, should be equipped with specifically made 462lb BKT 66-inch off-road tires.", "Monster truck __knowledge__ Monster trucks used to be side acts at popular motocross events and mud bogs but today they are usually the main attraction with motocross and mud bogging being the complementary shows.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ The Ford flathead V8 (often called simply the Ford flathead, flathead Ford, or flatty when the context is implicit, such as in hot-rodding) is a V8 engine of the valve-in-block type designed by the Ford Motor Company and built by Ford and various licensees.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ During the engine's first decade of production, when overhead-valve engines were rare, it was usually known simply as the Ford V‑8, and the first car model in which it was installed, the Model 18, was (and still is) often called simply the \"Ford V‑8\", after its new engine.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ Although the V8 configuration was not new when the Ford V8 was introduced in 1932, the latter was a market first in the respect that it made an 8-cylinder affordable and a V engine affordable to the emerging mass market consumer for the first time.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ The Ford C-Series is a medium-duty cab-over engine (COE) truck that was built by Ford between 1957 and 1990.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ It was used primarily for local delivery, and fire apparatus.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Many of the fire trucks came merely as cab and windshield models.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ In production nearly unchanged for 33 years, the C-Series was the longest-produced commercial truck in North America at the time it was discontinued.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Only the Mack Model R (39 years) and Kenworth W900 (55 years; still in production) have remained in production longer.", "Ford C-Series __knowledge__ Like other automotive manufacturers that built COE trucks before the 1960s, early Ford C-Series trucks were \"helmet-shaped\", cab-forward trucks that shared components with pickup trucks (the F-Series, in this case)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Le Kid __knowledge__ Le Kid is a Swedish pop band formed in 2008 consisting of Johanna Berglund, Helena Lillberg, Märta Grauers & Felix Persson.", "Le Kid __knowledge__ In 2010 they had their biggest hit with their first single \"Mercy Mercy\".", "Le Kid __knowledge__ They took part in the 2011 Melodifestivalen with the song “Oh My God” and later that year they released their first studio album called “Oh Alright!”.", "Le Kid __knowledge__ Le Kid is a Swedish pop band that was formed in 2008.", "Le Kid __knowledge__ In 2010 they released their first single \"Mercy Mercy\" achieving success in Sweden, where it was the eighth most played song on Swedish radio P3 during that year.", "Le Kid __knowledge__ In September 2010 they released their second single \"We Should Go Home Together\".", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ In 1906-1907, Ford's first straight-6 engine was introduced in the Model K. Henry Ford did not like the car because the engine could overpower its transmission.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The next Ford six was introduced in the 1941 Ford.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company of America continued producing straight-six engines until 1996, when they were discontinued in favor of more compact V6 designs.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ Ford Australia manufactures these engines for their Falcon and Ford Territory vehicles.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ The first-generation Ford six-cylinder engines were all flatheads.", "Ford straight-six engine __knowledge__ They were the G- and H-series engines of used in cars and trucks and the M-series of used in larger Ford trucks and for industrial applications.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ The Ford flathead V8 (often called simply the Ford flathead, flathead Ford, or flatty when the context is implicit, such as in hot-rodding) is a V8 engine of the valve-in-block type designed by the Ford Motor Company and built by Ford and various licensees.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ During the engine's first decade of production, when overhead-valve engines were rare, it was usually known simply as the Ford V‑8, and the first car model in which it was installed, the Model 18, was (and still is) often called simply the \"Ford V‑8\", after its new engine.", "Ford flathead V8 engine __knowledge__ Although the V8 configuration was not new when the Ford V8 was introduced in 1932, the latter was a market first in the respect that it made an 8-cylinder affordable and a V engine affordable to the emerging mass market consumer for the first time.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The Ford L-Series (also named Ford Louisville or Ford Aeromax) is a range of heavy-duty trucks that were assembled and marketed by Ford between 1970 and 1998.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The first dedicated Class 8 truck produced by the company, the L-Series range replaced the N-Series short conventional (derived from the F-Series).", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ Produced as both straight trucks and semitractors, the Ford L-Series encompassed a wide range of models through the Class 7-8 GVWR ratings in medium-duty, severe-service, and vocational applications.", "Ford L-Series __knowledge__ The line would become one of the most popular series of trucks Ford ever produced.1970 Ford Trucks, by Auto Editors of Consumer Guide The L-Series was produced in the Kentucky Truck Plant near Louisville, Kentucky, which gave rise to the nickname \"Louisville Line\" trucks; as part of a 1996 redesign, part of the model line officially took on the Louisville nameplate.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ The Ford B-Series is a bus chassis that was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1948 to 1998.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Derived from the medium-duty variants of the Ford F-Series, the B-Series were produced as a cowled chassis; the design was a bare chassis aft of the firewall.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ While primarily used for school bus applications in the United States and Canada, the chassis was exported worldwide for to construct a wide variety of bus bodies.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ Prior to 1969, Lincoln-Mercury dealers in Canada marketed the B-Series as part of the Mercury M-Series truck line.", "Ford B-Series __knowledge__ At the time, rural communities in Canada were serviced by either the Ford or the Lincoln-Mercury dealer network, but not both networks concurrently.", "Toyota Tundra __knowledge__ The Toyota Tundra is a pickup truck manufactured in the United States by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since May 1999.", "Toyota Tundra __knowledge__ The Tundra was the first North American full-size pickup to be built by a Japanese manufacturer.", "Toyota Tundra __knowledge__ The Tundra was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award and was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year in 2000 and 2008.", "Toyota Tundra __knowledge__ Initially built in a new Toyota plant in Princeton, Indiana, production was consolidated in 2008 to Toyota's San Antonio, Texas, factory and is the only full-size pickup truck manufactured in Texas.", "Toyota Tundra __knowledge__ The first generation Tundra had many similarities with the older Toyota T100 and the compact Toyota Tacoma.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The Ram pickup (formerly the Dodge Ram pickup) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group LLC) and marketed as of 2011 onwards under the Ram Trucks brand.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Previously, Ram was part of the Dodge line of light trucks.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The name \"Ram\" was first used in 1932-1954 Dodge Trucks, then returned on the redesigned 1981 Ram and Power Ram, following the retiring and rebadging of the Dodge D Series pickup trucks as well as B-series vans.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Ram trucks have been named \"Motor Trend\" magazine's Truck of the Year five times; the second-generation Ram won the award in 1994, the third-generation Ram \"Heavy Duty\" won the award in 2003, the fourth-generation Ram Heavy Duty won in 2010 and the current Ram 1500 won in 2013 and 2014.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ The Ford Aerostar is a range of passenger and cargo vans manufactured and marketed by Ford in the United States and Canada; a limited number were exported outside of North America.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ The first minivan sold by Ford, the Aerostar was sold in a single generation from the 1986 to 1997 model years.", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ Introduced shortly before the Ford Taurus, the vehicle derives its nameplate from its slope-nosed \"one-box\" exterior (although over six feet tall, the body of the Aerostar retained a , besting the Lincoln Mark.VII).", "Ford Aerostar __knowledge__ For the 1995 model year, the front-wheel drive Ford Windstar was introduced to replace the Aerostar; both minivans were sold concurrently through the 1997 model year.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Marketed as an entry-level premium brand for nearly its entire existence, Mercury was created in 1938 by Edsel Ford.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the price gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the same role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation (following the end of DeSoto and the creation of Imperial).", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Although the initial Mercury Eight was a distinct design, for much of the existence of the division, Ford would rely on common underpinnings (from Ford or Lincoln, or both) to save on development costs.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The Toyota Prius () is a full hybrid electric automobile developed by Toyota and manufactured by the company since 1997.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ Initially offered as a 4-door sedan, it has been produced only as a 5-door liftback from 2003 to 2015, and then a 5-door fastback since 2016.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) rate the Prius as among the cleanest vehicles sold in the United States based on smog-forming emissions.", "Toyota Prius __knowledge__ The 2018 model year Prius Eco ranks as the second most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the US without plug-in capability, following the Hyundai Ioniq Blue.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla, Inc., and introduced on June 22, 2012.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA official range for the 2017 Model S 100D, which is equipped with a battery pack, is , higher than any other electric car.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer (32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( or ).", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. , the following versions are available: 75D, 100D and P100D.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The fleet of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States, with over 4 million units sold through April 2016, is the second largest in the world after Japan (over 5 million).", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ American sales of hybrid electric vehicles represent about 36% of the more than 11 million hybrid sold worldwide through April 2016.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ Since their inception in 1999, a total of 4,058,258 hybrid electric automobiles and sport utility vehicles have been sold in the country through May 2016.", "Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ Sales of hybrid vehicles in the U.S. began to decline following the financial crisis of 2007–08, and after a short recovery, began to decline again in 2014 due to low gasoline prices.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards.", "Passenger vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ \"Note: this article adopts the U.S. Department of Transportation's definition of a \"passenger vehicle\", to mean a car or truck, used for passengers, excluding buses and trains.\"", "Passenger vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is home to the second largest passenger vehicle market of any country in the world, second now to China.", "Passenger vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ Overall, there were an estimated 263.6 million registered passenger vehicles in the United States in 2015.", "Passenger vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ This number, along with the average age of vehicles, has increased steadily since 1960.", "Passenger vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is also home to three large vehicle manufacturers: General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler, which have historically been referred to as the \"Big Three\"." ] ]

[ 7, 0, 3, 3 ]

[ "the ford trucks most biggest truck is in its 13 genereation", "the most popular, most known", "it is the best selling vehicle in the US since 1981", "In general it is. and then the best selling pick up since 1977" ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series" ]

[ "Photography\nI want to get into photography. What can you tell me about it?", "Interesting. When was photography invented?", "Huh I thought it was more recently than that. When did color photography come about?", "I see. What other interesting facts can you tell me about photography?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \"007\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995).", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig.", "Broadchurch (series 1) __knowledge__ The first series of the British crime drama \"Broadchurch\" originally aired on the ITV broadcast network in the United Kingdom from 4 March 2013 to 22 April 2013.", "Broadchurch (series 1) __knowledge__ The eight-episode series began with the murder of an 11-year-old boy in the fictional, close-knit coastal town of Broadchurch in Dorset, United Kingdom.", "Broadchurch (series 1) __knowledge__ The series depicted the impact that suspicion and media attention have on the community.", "Broadchurch (series 1) __knowledge__ Though \"Broadchurch\" was first conceived of in 2003, creator and writer Chris Chibnall first began fleshing out the story and writing scripts for the first episodes in 2011.", "Broadchurch (series 1) __knowledge__ He approached ITV in autumn 2011 with the series, and the network quickly approved it for production.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Erica \"Ricky\" Sharpe is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Bonnie Sveen.", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ The actress previously made a guest appearance in the show as Hayley Doven in 2010.", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ She also auditioned for the role of Bianca Scott, before she was cast as Ricky in early 2013.", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 2 April 2013.", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ In April 2016, it was announced Sveen had left \"Home and Away\" after three years to pursue new acting roles, and she made her screen exit on 7 June 2016.", "Ricky Sharpe (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Ricky is portrayed as honest, fun, capable and someone with a good heart.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ Mosul has the highest proportion of Christians of all the Iraqi cities and contains several old churches, some of which originally date back to the early centuries of Christianity.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ Its ancient churches are often hidden and their entrances in thick walls are not easy to find.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ Some of them have suffered from poor upkeep.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ The oldest church in Mosul, Shamoun Al-Safa (St. Peter), dates from the 9th century and is very difficult to find.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ It has a deep underground courtyard and a cemetery between high walls containing some ornate tombstones of Maslawi merchants.", "List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh __knowledge__ Previously, it bore the name of the two Apostles, Peter and Paul.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of \"creating\" an image rather than simply recording it.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Typically, a pictorial photograph appears to lack a sharp focus (some more so than others), is printed in one or more colors other than black-and-white (ranging from warm brown to deep blue) and may have visible brush strokes or other manipulation of the surface.", "History of photography __knowledge__ The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles, that of the camera obscura image projection and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light, as discovered by observation.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Apart from a very uncertain process used on the Turin Shroud there are no artifacts or descriptions that indicate that anyone even imagined capturing images with light sensitive materials before the 18th century.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Around 1717 Johann Heinrich Schulze captured cut-out letters on a bottle of a light-sensitive slurry, but he apparently never thought of making the results durable.", "Greenhouse Development Rights __knowledge__ Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) is a justice-based effort-sharing framework designed to show how the costs of rapid climate stabilization can be shared fairly, among all countries.", "Greenhouse Development Rights __knowledge__ More precisely, GDRs seeks to transparently calculate national “fair shares” in the costs of an emergency global climate mobilization, in a manner that takes explicit account of the fact that, as things now stand, global political and economic life is divided along both North/South and rich/poor lines.", "Greenhouse Development Rights __knowledge__ Critically, GDRs approaches climate protection and economic development as two sides of one coin.", "Greenhouse Development Rights __knowledge__ Its goal is developmental justice, as it might exist even in a world that’s compelled to rapidly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions to near-zero levels.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ A multiplexer of formula_1 inputs has formula_2 select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ Multiplexers are mainly used to increase the amount of data that can be sent over the network within a certain amount of time and bandwidth.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ A multiplexer is also called a data selector.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ Multiplexers can also be used to implement Boolean functions of multiple variables.", "Multiplexer __knowledge__ An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one device or resource, for example, one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of having one device per input signal.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.\"", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.", "Optics __knowledge__ Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice.", "Radiation __knowledge__ In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This includes: Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles.", "Radiation __knowledge__ Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms.", "Radiation __knowledge__ A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.", "Planck's law __knowledge__ Planck's law describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature \"T\".", "Planck's law __knowledge__ The law is named after Max Planck, who proposed it in 1900.", "Planck's law __knowledge__ It is a pioneering result of modern physics and quantum theory.", "Planck's law __knowledge__ The spectral radiance of a body, , describes the amount of energy it gives off as radiation of different frequencies.", "Planck's law __knowledge__ It is measured in terms of the power emitted per unit area of the body, per unit solid angle that the radiation is measured over, per unit frequency.", "Planck's law __knowledge__ Planck showed that the spectral radiance of a body for frequency at absolute temperature is given by where is the Boltzmann constant, is the Planck constant, and is the speed of light in the medium, whether material or vacuum.", "Photon __knowledge__ A photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).", "Photon __knowledge__ The photon has zero rest mass and always moves at the speed of light within a vacuum.", "Photon __knowledge__ Depending on the size of the electromagnetic field that it emits, the photon will take on different properties.", "Photon __knowledge__ Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, exhibiting properties of both waves and particles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Color photography __knowledge__ Color (or colour) photography is photography that uses media capable of reproducing colors.", "Color photography __knowledge__ By contrast, black-and-white (monochrome) photography records only a single channel of luminance (brightness) and uses media capable only of showing shades of gray.", "Color photography __knowledge__ In color photography, electronic sensors or light-sensitive chemicals record color information at the time of exposure.", "Color photography __knowledge__ This is usually done by analyzing the spectrum of colors into three channels of information, one dominated by red, another by green and the third by blue, in imitation of the way the normal human eye senses color.", "Color photography __knowledge__ The recorded information is then used to reproduce the original colors by mixing various proportions of red, green and blue light (RGB color, used by video displays, digital projectors and some historical photographic processes), or by using dyes or pigments to remove various proportions of the red, green and blue which are present in white light (CMY color, used for prints on paper and transparencies on film).", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorsky (, ;  – September 27, 1944) was a Russian chemist and photographer.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ He is best known for his pioneering work in color photography of early 20th-century Russia.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ Prokudin-Gorsky was born in the ancestral estate of Funikova Gora, in what is now Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ His parents were of the Russian nobility, and the family had a long military history.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ They moved to Saint Petersburg, where Prokudin-Gorsky enrolled in Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology to study chemistry under Dmitri Mendeleev.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ He also studied music and painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts.", "Ernst Haas __knowledge__ Ernst Haas (March 2, 1921 – September 12, 1986) was a photojournalist and a pioneering color photographer.", "Ernst Haas __knowledge__ During his 40-year career, the Austrian-born artist bridged the gap between photojournalism and the use of photography as a medium for expression and creativity.", "Ernst Haas __knowledge__ In addition to his prolific coverage of events around the globe after World War II, Haas was an early innovator in color photography.", "Ernst Haas __knowledge__ His images were widely disseminated by magazines like \"Life\" and \"Vogue\" and, in 1962, were the subject of the first single-artist exhibition of color photography at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Kodachrome is a brand name for a non-substantive, color reversal film introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1935.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ It was one of the first successful color materials and was used for both cinematography and still photography.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Because of its complex processing requirements, the film was sold process-paid in the United States until 1954 when a legal ruling prohibited this.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Elsewhere, this arrangement continued.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ For many years it was used for professional color photography, especially for images intended for publication in print media.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Because of the growth and popularity of alternative photographic materials, its complex processing requirements, and the widespread transition to digital photography, Kodachrome lost its market share, its manufacturing was discontinued in 2009 and its processing ended in December 2010.", "Color motion picture film __knowledge__ Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color.", "Color motion picture film __knowledge__ The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902.", "Color motion picture film __knowledge__ A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor.", "Color motion picture film __knowledge__ These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters.", "Color motion picture film __knowledge__ Around 1920, the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced.", "History of photography __knowledge__ The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles, that of the camera obscura image projection and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light, as discovered by observation.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Apart from a very uncertain process used on the Turin Shroud there are no artifacts or descriptions that indicate that anyone even imagined capturing images with light sensitive materials before the 18th century.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Around 1717 Johann Heinrich Schulze captured cut-out letters on a bottle of a light-sensitive slurry, but he apparently never thought of making the results durable.", "Camera __knowledge__ A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.", "Camera __knowledge__ The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies.", "Camera __knowledge__ The camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact .", "Camera __knowledge__ The word \"camera\" comes from \"camera obscura\", which means \"dark chamber\" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface.", "Camera __knowledge__ The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura.", "Camera __knowledge__ The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.", "Johann Heinrich Schulze __knowledge__ Johann Heinrich Schulze (12 May 1687 – 10 October 1744) was a German professor and polymath from Colbitz in the Duchy of Magdeburg.", "Johann Heinrich Schulze __knowledge__ Schulze studied medicine, chemistry, philosophy and theology and became a professor in Altdorf and Halle for anatomy and several other subjects.", "Johann Heinrich Schulze __knowledge__ Schulze is best known for his discovery that the darkening in sunlight of various substances mixed with silver nitrate is due to the light, not the heat as other experimenters believed, and for using the phenomenon to temporarily capture shadows.", "Johann Heinrich Schulze __knowledge__ Schulze's experiments with silver nitrate were undertaken in about 1717.", "Johann Heinrich Schulze __knowledge__ He found that a slurry of chalk and nitric acid into which some silver had been dissolved was darkened by sunlight, but not by exposure to the heat from a fire.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ Invented by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes yielding more readily viewable images.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ During the past few decades, there has been a small revival of daguerreotypy among photographers interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.", "Daguerreotype __knowledge__ To make the image, a daguerreotypist would polish a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish, treat it with fumes that made its surface light sensitive, expose it in a camera for as long as was judged to be necessary, which could be as little as a few seconds for brightly sunlit subjects or much longer with less intense lighting; make the resulting latent image on it visible by fuming it with mercury vapor; remove its sensitivity to light by liquid chemical treatment, rinse and dry it, then seal the easily marred result behind glass in a protective enclosure.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.", "Bach House (Eisenach) __knowledge__ The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Jauch family __knowledge__ The Jauch family of Germany is a Hanseatic family which can be traced back till the Late Middle Ages.", "Jauch family __knowledge__ At the end of the 17th century the family showed up in the Free Imperial and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.", "Jauch family __knowledge__ The members of the family acted as long-distance merchants.", "Jauch family __knowledge__ They became hereditary grand burghers of Hamburg and were Lords of Wellingsbüttel Manor – nowadays a quarter of Hamburg.", "Jauch family __knowledge__ The Jauch have brought forth some notable lineal descendants, both patrilineal and matrilineal.", "Jauch family __knowledge__ They can trace the nearer cognatic kinship of the issue of the progenitor Johann Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) in the following centuries to a number of renowned contemporaries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is a local wetland area located outside of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is the home to many natural wildlife including several species of birds and fish.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is located about 20 kilometres east of Calgary, immediately north east of the hamlet of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is a 600 hectare wetland regionally important as waterfowl habitat.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ In 1971 the original lake was drained for agricultural purposes but starting in 2006 construction commenced to restore the lake and it is now a fully functioning healthy wetland ecosystem.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Organizations involved in acquiring the land and restoring the lake were led by Ducks Unlimited and include the Calgary Field Naturalists’ Society.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ Horrible Histories is a series of illustrated history books published in the United Kingdom by Scholastic, and part of the Horrible Histories franchise.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ They are designed to engage children in history by presenting the unusual, gory, or unpleasant aspects in a tongue-in-cheek manner in contrast to the formality of lessons taught in school.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The books are written by Terry Deary, Peter Hepplewhite and Neil Tonge and illustrated by Martin Brown, Mike Phillips, Phillip Reeve, and Kate Sheppard.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The first titles in the series, \"The Terrible Tudors\" and \"The Awesome Egyptians\", were published in June 1993.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including \"Zulu\" (1964), \"The Ipcress File\" (1965), \"Alfie\" (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, \"The Italian Job\" (1969), and \"Battle of Britain\" (1969).", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ His most notable roles in the 1970s included \"Get Carter\" (1971), \"The\" \"Last\" \"Valley\" (1971), \"Sleuth\" (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975), and \"A Bridge Too Far\" (1977).", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of \"creating\" an image rather than simply recording it.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Typically, a pictorial photograph appears to lack a sharp focus (some more so than others), is printed in one or more colors other than black-and-white (ranging from warm brown to deep blue) and may have visible brush strokes or other manipulation of the surface.", "Color photography __knowledge__ Color (or colour) photography is photography that uses media capable of reproducing colors.", "Color photography __knowledge__ By contrast, black-and-white (monochrome) photography records only a single channel of luminance (brightness) and uses media capable only of showing shades of gray.", "Color photography __knowledge__ In color photography, electronic sensors or light-sensitive chemicals record color information at the time of exposure.", "Color photography __knowledge__ This is usually done by analyzing the spectrum of colors into three channels of information, one dominated by red, another by green and the third by blue, in imitation of the way the normal human eye senses color.", "Color photography __knowledge__ The recorded information is then used to reproduce the original colors by mixing various proportions of red, green and blue light (RGB color, used by video displays, digital projectors and some historical photographic processes), or by using dyes or pigments to remove various proportions of the red, green and blue which are present in white light (CMY color, used for prints on paper and transparencies on film).", "Natalia Grigorieva-Litvinskaya __knowledge__ Natalia Eduardovna Grigorieva-Litvinskaya (; born October 1, 1970) is a founder and Chief Curator of Lumiere Brothers Gallery (2001) – the first Russian photography gallery, aimed at encouraging promotion and sales of the finest Russian and European photographs in Moscow.", "Natalia Grigorieva-Litvinskaya __knowledge__ In 2010, Natalia founded the Lumiere Brothers Center for Photography.", "Natalia Grigorieva-Litvinskaya __knowledge__ The center's exhibition program aims to provide a broad perspective on photography with a special emphasis on Russian 20th century artists.", "Natalia Grigorieva-Litvinskaya __knowledge__ The program has been built around the center's collection and collaborations with contemporary photographers and private collectors.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorsky (, ;  – September 27, 1944) was a Russian chemist and photographer.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ He is best known for his pioneering work in color photography of early 20th-century Russia.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ Prokudin-Gorsky was born in the ancestral estate of Funikova Gora, in what is now Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ His parents were of the Russian nobility, and the family had a long military history.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ They moved to Saint Petersburg, where Prokudin-Gorsky enrolled in Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology to study chemistry under Dmitri Mendeleev.", "Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky __knowledge__ He also studied music and painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts.", "History of photography __knowledge__ The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles, that of the camera obscura image projection and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light, as discovered by observation.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Apart from a very uncertain process used on the Turin Shroud there are no artifacts or descriptions that indicate that anyone even imagined capturing images with light sensitive materials before the 18th century.", "History of photography __knowledge__ Around 1717 Johann Heinrich Schulze captured cut-out letters on a bottle of a light-sensitive slurry, but he apparently never thought of making the results durable.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Kodachrome is a brand name for a non-substantive, color reversal film introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1935.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ It was one of the first successful color materials and was used for both cinematography and still photography.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Because of its complex processing requirements, the film was sold process-paid in the United States until 1954 when a legal ruling prohibited this.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Elsewhere, this arrangement continued.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ For many years it was used for professional color photography, especially for images intended for publication in print media.", "Kodachrome __knowledge__ Because of the growth and popularity of alternative photographic materials, its complex processing requirements, and the widespread transition to digital photography, Kodachrome lost its market share, its manufacturing was discontinued in 2009 and its processing ended in December 2010.", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ Sarah Bernhardt (; 22 or 23 October 1844 – 26 March 1923) was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including \"La Dame Aux Camelias\" by Alexandre Dumas, \"fils\", \"Ruy Blas\" by Victor Hugo, \"Fédora\" and \"La Tosca\" by Victorien Sardou, and \"L'Aiglon\" by Edmond Rostand.", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ She also played male roles, including Shakespeare's Hamlet.", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ Rostand called her \"the queen of the pose and the princess of the gesture\", while Hugo praised her \"golden voice\".", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ She made several theatrical tours around the world, and was one of the first prominent actresses to make sound recordings and to act in motion pictures." ] ]

[ 1, 20, 7, 3 ]

[ "Well it is defined as creating images through recording light or other electromagnetic radiation. It can be done using sensors or a material such as fillm.", "The principle of photography wasn't developed until 1717 by Johann Heinrich Schulze. It took a long time until things like cameras came about though.", "color photography was invented in 1907 by some french dudes called the Lumiere brothers.", "An electronic image senser captures pictures by creating eletctical charges at each pixel. A combination of many of these pixels makes an image!" ]

[ "Photography", "Photography", "Photography", "Photography" ]

[ "Rock music", "I love Rock music also. Do you know what influenced that genre?", "I can hear those influences in the music now that you say it. Was rock music widely accepted by the masses in that period as a legitimate form of music?", "Okay that is an interesting fact that I didn't know. Was rock music widely accepted by the masses in that period as a legitimate form of music?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; \"jeipoppu\"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ Alan Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as \"a knee-jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)'.\"", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, from African American musical styles such as gospel, jump blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and rhythm and blues, along with country music.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ According to Greg Kot, \"rock and roll\" refers to a style of popular music originating in the U.S. in the 1950s prior to its development by the mid-1960s into \"the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the latter also continued to be known as rock and roll.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ Indian rock is a music genre in India that incorporates elements of Indian music with mainstream rock music, and is often topically India-centric.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ While India is more often known for its (northern and southern) classical music and Bollywood \"filmi\" music, the Indian rock scene has also produced numerous bands and artists.", "Indian rock __knowledge__ India, in the 1950s and 1960s, uniquely amongst developing markets, had a record industry in the Gramophone Company of India (an RCA/HMV/EMI subsidiary), and LPs, EPs, and 45rpm records were freely available, including those of rock and roll acts from the USA and Britain, but also of contemporary pioneering Indian rock bands.", "Sheet music __knowledge__ Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches (melodies), rhythms or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece.", "Sheet music __knowledge__ Like its analogs – printed books or pamphlets in English, Arabic or other languages – the medium of sheet music typically is paper (or, in earlier centuries, papyrus or parchment), although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, \"play back\" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Argentine rock (locally Rock nacional) is rock music composed or performed by Argentine bands or artists mostly in Spanish.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ \"Argentine rock\" began recycling hits of English-language rock & roll.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ However a rising trend of composing new songs mostly in Spanish can be traced at late 1960s, when several garage groups and aspiring musicians began composing songs and lyrics that related to local social and musical themes.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Since then, Argentine rock started a continued and uninterrupted evolution through the 1970s and into the 1980s, being widely considered one of the most prolific and successful forms of Rock en Español, and one of the most important non-English language forms of rock music in the world.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States in the early to mid-1950s.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ It derived most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier blues, boogie woogie, jazz and swing music, and was also influenced by gospel, country and western, and traditional folk music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll in turn provided the main basis for the music that, since the mid-1960s, has been generally known simply as rock music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ The phrase \"rocking and rolling\" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but it was used by the early twentieth century, both to describe a spiritual fervor and as a sexual analogy.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.", "Blues __knowledge__ The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, and the folk music of white Americans of European heritage.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.", "Blues __knowledge__ The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Argentine rock (locally Rock nacional) is rock music composed or performed by Argentine bands or artists mostly in Spanish.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ \"Argentine rock\" began recycling hits of English-language rock & roll.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ However a rising trend of composing new songs mostly in Spanish can be traced at late 1960s, when several garage groups and aspiring musicians began composing songs and lyrics that related to local social and musical themes.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Since then, Argentine rock started a continued and uninterrupted evolution through the 1970s and into the 1980s, being widely considered one of the most prolific and successful forms of Rock en Español, and one of the most important non-English language forms of rock music in the world.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States in the early to mid-1950s.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ It derived most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier blues, boogie woogie, jazz and swing music, and was also influenced by gospel, country and western, and traditional folk music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll in turn provided the main basis for the music that, since the mid-1960s, has been generally known simply as rock music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ The phrase \"rocking and rolling\" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but it was used by the early twentieth century, both to describe a spiritual fervor and as a sexual analogy.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ The South African music scene includes both popular (jive) and folk forms.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Pop styles are based on four major sources, Zulu isicathamiya singing and harmonic mbaqanga.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Christian missions provided the first organised musical training in the country, bringing to light many of the modern country's earliest musicians, including Enoch Sontonga, who wrote the national anthem \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\".", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, South African cities like Cape Town were large enough to attract foreign musicians, especially American ragtime players.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ African American spirituals were popularised in the 1890s by Orpheus McAdoo's Jubilee Singers.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, from African American musical styles such as gospel, jump blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and rhythm and blues, along with country music.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954.", "Rock and roll __knowledge__ According to Greg Kot, \"rock and roll\" refers to a style of popular music originating in the U.S. in the 1950s prior to its development by the mid-1960s into \"the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the latter also continued to be known as rock and roll.\"", "Literature in modern Scotland __knowledge__ Literature in modern Scotland is literature written in Scotland, or by Scottish writers, since the beginning of the twentieth century.", "Literature in modern Scotland __knowledge__ It includes literature written in English, Scottish Gaelic and Scots in forms including poetry, novels, drama and the short story.", "Literature in modern Scotland __knowledge__ In the early twentieth century there was a new surge of activity in Scottish literature, influenced by modernism and resurgent nationalism, known as the Scottish Renaissance.", "Literature in modern Scotland __knowledge__ The leading figure, Hugh MacDiarmid, attempted to revive the Scots language as a medium for serious literature in poetic works including \"A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle\" (1936), developing a form of Synthetic Scots.", "Nigger __knowledge__ In the present-day English language, the word nigger is a racial slur usually directed at black people.", "Nigger __knowledge__ The word originated as a variation of the Spanish and Portuguese noun \"negro\", a descendant of the Latin adjective \"niger\" (meaning the color \"black\").", "Nigger __knowledge__ It was often used derogatorily, and by the mid-twentieth century, particularly in the United States, its usage became unambiguously a pejorative, racist insult.", "Nigger __knowledge__ Accordingly, it began to disappear from popular culture, and its continued inclusion in classic works of literature has sparked controversy.", "Nigger __knowledge__ Because the term is considered extremely offensive, published written media often replace it with the euphemism \"the N-word\".", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur is a lightly populated, unincorporated region on California's Central Coast that is frequently praised for its rugged coastline and mountain views, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ The coast is the \"longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the [contiguous] United States,\" it has been described as a \"national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development\" and \"one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation.\"", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur's Cone Peak at 5,155 feet (1,571 m) is only 3 miles (5 km) from the ocean and the tallest coastal mountain in the contiguous United States." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 33, 24 ]

[ "I enjoy the sound of Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s", "has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm", "The phrase \"rocking and rolling\" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but it was used by the early twentieth century", "Interestingly, Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critic" ]

[ "Rock music", "Rock music", "Rock music", "Rock music" ]

[ "Veganism", "Yes - vegan diets avoid the bad fats that are associated with heart disease. ", "What is an ethical vegan as opposed to a regular vegan?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Trans fat, or trans-unsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, are a type of unsaturated fat that occur in small amounts in nature, but became widely produced industrially from vegetable fats for use in margarine, snack food, packaged baked goods, and frying fast food starting in the 1950s.", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Trans fat has been shown to consistently be associated, in an intake-dependent way, with increased risk of coronary artery disease, a leading cause of death in Western nations.", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Fats contain long hydrocarbon chains, which can either be unsaturated, i.e., have double bonds, or saturated, i.e., have no double bonds.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ Chest pain, including angina, does not typically occur due to heart failure.", "Heart failure __knowledge__ Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The American Vegan Society (AVS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes veganism in the United States.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ AVS was founded by 1960 by H. Jay Dinshah.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The date of the earlier The Vegan Society (UK)'s founding, November 1, is now celebrated annually as World Vegan Day.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Prior to broad and widely-accessible search capabilities of the Internet, the American Vegan Society published networking and business resources which supported vegan lifestyle.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ H. Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society early in 1960 and later that year (August) married the English-born Freya Smith.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Freya, whose parents were active in The Vegan Society (of England), contributed to the early growth of the American Vegan Society and is president of the American Vegan Society today.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Victoria Moran is an American author and speaker.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She has written a number of books specializing in both spirituality and veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Moran hosts the \"Main Street Vegan\" radio show and podcast on \"Unity Online Radio\".", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She started her career as a freelance magazine writer and has gone on to publish a number of best-selling vegan books, starting in 1985 with \"Compassion the Ultimate Ethic\", which was based on her undergraduate college thesis.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Her 2012 book, \"Main Street Vegan\", is the basis of her company and outreach, including the Main Street Vegan podcast, Main Street Vegan Academy, and Main Street Vegan Productions.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution." ] ]

[ 7, 5, 5 ]

[ "Do you think that vegan diets reduce the chronic heart disease?", "I have vegan friends and some of them are ethical vegans. ", "They do not only follow vegan diet but also avoid using any animal products." ]

[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]

[ "Phonograph record", "Oh, it definitely has the unique sound you just can't duplicate. Guess that's why its in resurgence.", "Multipe, in fact, I own around 400.", "Find a genre or artist you like. Go from there." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the compact cassette were mass-marketed.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream around 1991.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJs), released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the compact cassette were mass-marketed.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream around 1991.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJs), released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Sing to God __knowledge__ Sing to God is the seventh studio album by British psychedelic experimental rock band Cardiacs.", "Sing to God __knowledge__ Their first album with drummer Bob Leith and their second as a four-piece, it was recorded throughout 1995, breaking a hiatus by the band that had lasted several years since the band's previous album \"Heaven Born and Ever Bright\" (1992).", "Sing to God __knowledge__ During writing and recording, Jon Poole took a greater role than before, contributing to many songs written by band leader Tim Smith, and writing some of his own.", "Sing to God __knowledge__ The band decided to create a double album to encompass the great wealth of material written after their previous album.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ Quirk Out is the debut mini album by Anglo-Irish experimental rock band Stump.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ After building up a following with their unique sound and live performances, Stump recorded \"Quirk Out\" as their second release with producer Hugh Jones at Rockfield Studios in July 1986, following the release of the \"Mud on a Colon\" EP earlier in the year.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The band's aim for \"Quirk Out\" was to capture the band's energy as a live band on studio recordings.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The record blends genres such as avant-garde, funk rock with indie rock sensibilities.", "Quirk Out __knowledge__ The best known song from the album, \"Buffalo\", had already been released on the \"NME\" compilation \"C86\", an influential cassette compilation containing newly recorded music from different bands of the British independent music scene.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ \"Loveline\" has frequent games and traditions in which phone callers, guests, and the hosts participate.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Most of the games and traditions come and leave with their respective hosts.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Engineer Anderson Cowan is fond of splicing up phrases Drew, Adam, Stryker, and guests have uttered on previous shows and \"dropping\" them into new shows mid-call, to the confusion of callers and amusement of seasoned listeners.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Some favorites are: Some of the Drew Drops were set to music in the \"Dr. Drew Shuffle\" and the later \"Dr. Drew Boogie.\"", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ There are some other drops taken from a skit on the television show \"Crank Yankers\".", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ The South African music scene includes both popular (jive) and folk forms.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Pop styles are based on four major sources, Zulu isicathamiya singing and harmonic mbaqanga.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ Christian missions provided the first organised musical training in the country, bringing to light many of the modern country's earliest musicians, including Enoch Sontonga, who wrote the national anthem \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\".", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, South African cities like Cape Town were large enough to attract foreign musicians, especially American ragtime players.", "Music of South Africa __knowledge__ African American spirituals were popularised in the 1890s by Orpheus McAdoo's Jubilee Singers.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The phonograph is a device, invented in 1877, for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"record\".", "Phonograph __knowledge__ To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Sound can be recorded and stored and played using either digital or analog techniques.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Both techniques introduce errors and distortions in the sound, and these methods can be systematically compared.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ An analog recording is one where a property or characteristic of a physical recording medium is made to vary in a manner analogous to the variations in air pressure of the original sound.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted (by a transducer such as a microphone) into an electrical analog signal in which either the instantaneous voltage or current is analogous to the instantaneous air pressure.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ A disc jockey (DJ) is a person who plays existing recorded music for a live audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Most common types of DJs include radio DJ, club DJ who performs at a nightclub or Music festival and turntablist who uses record players, usually turntable, to manipulate sounds on the phonograph record.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files stored on USB stick or laptop.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an online radio audience.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ The Vinyl revival is the renewed interest and increased sales of vinyl records, or gramophone records, that has been taking place in the Western world since about 2007.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ The analogue format made of polyvinyl chloride had been the main vehicle for the commercial distribution of pop music from the 1950s until the 1980s and 1990s when they were largely replaced by the Compact Disc.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ Since the turn of the millennium, CDs have been partially replaced by digital downloads.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ However, in 2007, vinyl sales made a sudden small increase, starting its comeback, and by the early 2010s it was growing at a very fast rate.", "LP record __knowledge__ The LP (from \"long playing\" or \"long play\") is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of  rpm, a 12- or 10-inch (30 or 25 cm) diameter, and use of the \"microgroove\" groove specification.", "LP record __knowledge__ Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry.", "LP record __knowledge__ Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums.", "LP record __knowledge__ At the time the LP was introduced, nearly all phonograph records for home use were made of an abrasive (and therefore noisy) shellac compound, employed a much larger groove, and played at approximately 78 revolutions per minute (rpm), limiting the playing time of a 12-inch diameter record to less than five minutes per side.", "Sound recording and reproduction __knowledge__ Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.", "Sound recording and reproduction __knowledge__ The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording.", "Sound recording and reproduction __knowledge__ Prior to the development of sound recording, there were mechanical systems for encoding and reproducing instrumental music, such as wind-up music boxes and, later, player pianos.", "Sound recording and reproduction __knowledge__ Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a microphone diaphragm that can detect and sense the changes in atmospheric pressure caused by acoustic sound waves and record them as a mechanical representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph record (in which a stylus cuts grooves on a record)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the compact cassette were mass-marketed.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream around 1991.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJs), released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles.", "Endometrial stromal sarcoma __knowledge__ Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a malignant subtype of endometrial stromal tumor arising from the stroma (connective tissue) of the endometrium rather than the glands.", "Endometrial stromal sarcoma __knowledge__ There are three grades for endometrial stromal tumors, as follows.", "Endometrial stromal sarcoma __knowledge__ It was previously known as \"endolymphatic stromal myosis\" because of diffuse infiltration of myometrial tissue or the invasion of lymphatic channels.", "Endometrial stromal sarcoma __knowledge__ Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma consists of cells resembling normal proliferative phase endometrium, but with infiltration or vascular invasion.", "Endometrial stromal sarcoma __knowledge__ These behave less aggressively, sometimes metastasizing, with cancer stage the best predictor of survival.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ WOAI (1200 AM) is a San Antonio, Texas, news/talk formatted radio station operating with 50,000 watts non-directional day and night from a transmitter site near Marion, Texas.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by San Antonio-based iHeartMedia, which acquired the station (as Clear Channel Communications) in 1975.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ WOAI is the flagship station for iHeartMedia.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ Its studios are located on Interstate 10 in Northwest San Antonio near Wonderland of the Americas Mall.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ WOAI's local news operation features market veteran Jim Forsyth, Charity McCurdy, Cari Laque and Michael Board.", "WOAI (AM) __knowledge__ Market legend Bob Guthrie, who was a WOAI news anchor for 52 years, retired in 2009.", "WOAI-TV __knowledge__ WOAI-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 48), is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to San Antonio, Texas, United States.", "WOAI-TV __knowledge__ The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group, as part of a duopoly with Fox affiliate KABB (channel 29); Sinclair also operates Kerrville-licensed CW affiliate KMYS (channel 35) through joint sales and shared services agreements with owner Deerfield Media.", "WOAI-TV __knowledge__ The three stations share studio facilities located between Babcock Road and Sovereign Drive (off Loop 410) in northwest San Antonio; WOAI maintains transmitter facilities located off of Route 181 in northwest Wilson County (northeast of Elmendorf).", "Late Roman army __knowledge__ In modern scholarship, the \"late\" period of the Roman army begins with the accession of the Emperor Diocletian in AD 284, and ends in 476 with the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, being roughly coterminous with the Dominate.", "Late Roman army __knowledge__ During the period 395–476, the army of the Roman Empire's western half progressively disintegrated, while its counterpart in the East, known as the East Roman army (or the early Byzantine army) remained largely intact in size and structure until the reign of Justinian I (r. AD 527–565).", "Late Roman army __knowledge__ The Imperial Roman army of the Principate (30 BC – 284 AD) underwent a significant transformation as a result of the chaotic 3rd century.", "Equites __knowledge__ The equites ( nom.", "Equites __knowledge__ singular; sometimes called \"knights\" in modern times because of the involvement of horses) constituted the second of the property based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class.", "Equites __knowledge__ A member of the equestrian order was known as an eques (plural: equites).", "Equites __knowledge__ During the Roman kingdom and the 1st century of the Republic, legionary cavalry was recruited exclusively from the ranks of the patricians, who were expected to provide six \"centuriae\" of cavalry (300 horses for each consular legion).", "Equites __knowledge__ Around 400 BC, 12 more \"centuriae\" of cavalry were established and these included non-patricians (plebeians).", "Roman army of the mid-Republic __knowledge__ The Roman army of the mid-Republic (also known as the manipular Roman army or the \"Polybian army\"), refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC).", "Roman army of the mid-Republic __knowledge__ The first phase of this army, in its manipular structure (290–ca.", "Roman army of the mid-Republic __knowledge__ 130 BC), is described in detail in the \"Histories\" of the ancient Greek historian Polybius, writing before 146 BC.", "Roman army of the mid-Republic __knowledge__ The central feature of the mid-Republican army was the manipular organisation of its battle-line.", "Roman army of the mid-Republic __knowledge__ Instead of a single, large mass (the phalanx) as in the Early Roman army, the Romans now drew up in three lines (\"triplex acies\") consisting of small units (maniples) of 120 men, arrayed in chessboard fashion, giving much greater tactical strength and flexibility.", "International Conference of Physics Students __knowledge__ ICPS is an annual conference of the International Association of Physics Students (IAPS).", "International Conference of Physics Students __knowledge__ Usually, up to 500 students from all over the world attend the event, which takes place in another country every year in August.", "International Conference of Physics Students __knowledge__ The event includes the opportunity for students at bachelor, master and doctoral level to present their research, whilst listening and interacting with invited speakers of international reputation.", "International Conference of Physics Students __knowledge__ During the event, usually lasting between 5 and 7 days, the IAPS holds its Annual General Meeting (AGM) and elects a new Executive Committee.", "International Conference of Physics Students __knowledge__ The choice of the host country of ICPS is made two years in advance.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ The Vinyl revival is the renewed interest and increased sales of vinyl records, or gramophone records, that has been taking place in the Western world since about 2007.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ The analogue format made of polyvinyl chloride had been the main vehicle for the commercial distribution of pop music from the 1950s until the 1980s and 1990s when they were largely replaced by the Compact Disc.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ Since the turn of the millennium, CDs have been partially replaced by digital downloads.", "Vinyl revival __knowledge__ However, in 2007, vinyl sales made a sudden small increase, starting its comeback, and by the early 2010s it was growing at a very fast rate.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The phonograph is a device, invented in 1877, for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"record\".", "Phonograph __knowledge__ To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.", "List of video game soundtracks released on vinyl __knowledge__ The practice of releasing video game soundtracks on vinyl records began in the 1980s, fell out of favor in the 1990s and 2000s as vinyl records were replaced by other storage media, and experienced a resurgence of interest in the 2010s due in part to a vinyl revival.", "List of video game soundtracks released on vinyl __knowledge__ Vinyl recordings of video game music find their origins in the 1970s with early experiments by Kraftwerk and albums such as Yellow Magic Orchestra's self-titled 1978 release sampling electronic music from the games \"Circus\", \"Space Invaders\", and \"Gun Fight\".", "List of video game soundtracks released on vinyl __knowledge__ In 1984, Haruomi Hosono released the first generally recognized video game soundtrack album, \"Video Game Music\", and the practice experienced its \"golden age\" in the mid-to-late 1980s with hundreds of releases including Buckner & Garcia's \"Pac-Man Fever\", Namco's \"Video Game Graffiti\", and Koichi Sugiyama's orchestral covers of the \"Dragon Quest\" series.", "LP record __knowledge__ The LP (from \"long playing\" or \"long play\") is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of  rpm, a 12- or 10-inch (30 or 25 cm) diameter, and use of the \"microgroove\" groove specification.", "LP record __knowledge__ Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry.", "LP record __knowledge__ Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums.", "LP record __knowledge__ At the time the LP was introduced, nearly all phonograph records for home use were made of an abrasive (and therefore noisy) shellac compound, employed a much larger groove, and played at approximately 78 revolutions per minute (rpm), limiting the playing time of a 12-inch diameter record to less than five minutes per side.", "Compact disc __knowledge__ Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982.", "Compact disc __knowledge__ The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM).", "Compact disc __knowledge__ Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD.", "Compact disc __knowledge__ The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ The overwhelming majority of records manufactured have been of certain sizes (7, 10, or 12 inches), playback speeds (33, 45, or 78 RPM), and appearance (round black discs).", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ However, since the commercial adoption of the gramophone record (called a phonograph record in the U.S., where both cylinder records and disc records were invented), a wide variety of records have also been produced that do not fall into these categories, and they have served a variety of purposes.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ The most common diameter sizes for gramophone records are 12-inch, 10-inch, and 7-inch.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ Early American shellac records were all 7-inch until 1901, when 10-inch records were introduced." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the compact cassette were mass-marketed.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream around 1991.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJs), released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Genre studies is an academic subject which studies genre theory as a branch of general critical theory in several different fields, including the literary or artistic, linguistic, or rhetorical.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Literary genre studies is a structuralist approach to the study of genre and genre theory in literary theory, film theory, and other cultural theories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ The study of a genre in this way examines the structural elements that combine in the telling of a story and finds patterns in collections of stories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ When these elements (or semiotic codes) begin to carry inherent information, a genre emerges.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Linguistic genre studies is best described by two schools of literary genre, the Systemic Functional Linguistics or \"SFL\", scholars of this school believe that language structure is an integral part of a text's social context and function.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Slasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath stalking and murdering several people, usually with bladed tools.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Although the term \"slasher\" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Some critics cite the Italian giallo films and the British-produced psychological thriller or psychological horror films \"Peeping Tom\" (1960) by Michael Powell and \"Psycho\" (1960) by Alfred Hitchcock as the earliest influential \"slasher\" films, and most agree that the genre's peak occurred in American films released during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee." ] ]

[ 4, 68, 4, 29 ]

[ "Do you like listening to vinyl records? I think the sound is the best on vinyl.", "I agree. There is a Vinyl Revival going on and almost seems like CDs are less cool now compared to Vinyl. Have you ever purchased a vinyl record?", "Oh wow! That is truly amazing! I would like to get into Vinyl but I don't know where to start. What would you recommend?", "I will have to do that. What is your favourite genre or artist? I really like hip-hop music" ]

[ "Phonograph record", "Phonograph record", "Phonograph record", "Phonograph record" ]

[ "Blue\nBlue is my favorite color of all time.", "How interesting. What are the other 2 primary colors?", "That is interesting. Doesn't blue mixed with yellow make green?", "I didn't know colors were so detailed." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Diva Starz was a series of fashion dolls created and released by Mattel during the Christmas shopping season of 2000.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ They are similar in design to the MGA Entertainment Bratz dolls released in 2001, and the Flavas dolls released by Mattel in 2003.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Original four dolls, Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia (Summer was later replaced by Miranda) were offered in the original debut.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The line was discontinued in 2004.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Each doll is approximately tall, with plastic clothing and combable hair.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The owner can change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ By using small metal contacts in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which garment it is wearing, and will respond accordingly.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ There are two types of color mixing: \"Additive\" and \"Subtractive\".", "Color mixing __knowledge__ In both cases, there are three primary colors, three secondary colors (colors made from 2 of the three primary colors in equal amounts), and one tertiary color made from all three primary colors.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ This point is a common source of confusion, as there are different sets of primary colors depending on whether you are working with additive or subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics (Web page, image) perspective.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For example, traditional \"Painter's Colors\" use red, blue, and yellow as the primary colors, \"Printer's Colors\" use cyan, yellow, and magenta, and \"Light Colors\" use red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ This is a list of colors sorted by shade.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ White is a balanced combination of all the colors of the visible light spectrum, or of a pair of complementary colors, or of three or more colors, such as additive primary colors.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic (\"without color\") color, like black and gray.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Achromatic grays are colors between black and white with no hue.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Chromatic grays are achromatic grays mixed with warm hues such as orange (\"warm grays\") or cool hues such as azure (\"cool grays\").", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ This gray color template includes both achromatic and chromatic grays.", "List of colors by shade __knowledge__ Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence or complete absorption of light.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ Primary Colours is the second album by Australian garage punk band Eddy Current Suppression Ring.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ The album was recorded in a suburb of Melbourne over a 24-hour period in August 2007.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ The album was first released on Aarght!", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ Records in Australia only on 5 May 2008, then on 9 September 2008 on Goner Records in the United States, and finally in the United Kingdom on Melodic Records on 17 August 2009.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ \"Which Way to Go\" was the only single released from \"Primary Colours\".", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ \"Primary Colours\" peaked at No.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ 13 on the ARIA Hitseekers Chart in June 2008.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the album's minimalistic sound and warm, personable lyrics.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ Primary Colours is the second studio album by English rock band the Horrors.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ It was released in the US on 21 April 2009, and in the UK on 4 May 2009 by record label XL.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced by Geoff Barrow of Portishead, Craig Silvey and music video director Chris Cunningham.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ Recording took place in Bath during the summer of 2008.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ The band signed to XL Recordings after they left Loog Records in 2007.", "Primary Colours (album) __knowledge__ Regarding their time in the studio, band member Rhys \"Spider\" Webb commented: \"We had such an amazing time working on it, writing it and getting lost in it... we'd wander into the studio, and then never want to leave\".", "Evolution of human colour vision __knowledge__ Evolution of human colour vision over time: humans (\"homo sapiens\") have developed a trichromatic view of the world in comparison to a majority of other mammals that only see the world from a dichromatic view.", "Evolution of human colour vision __knowledge__ Early human ancestors are believed to have viewed the world using UV vision as far back as 90 million years ago.", "Evolution of human colour vision __knowledge__ It is thought that the shift to trichromatic vision capabilities and the ability to see blue light have evolved as an adaptive trait over time.", "Evolution of human colour vision __knowledge__ It is believed that due to a number of environmental factors, ancestral humans lived with limited colour vision.", "Evolution of human colour vision __knowledge__ This is believed to have also been influenced by life styles, including being predominantly nocturnal.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ Primary Colours is the second full-length studio album by Canadian reggae fusion band MAGIC!", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ The album was released on July 1, 2016, through Latium and RCA Records worldwide.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to the band's debut studio album, \"Don't Kill the Magic\" (2014).", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ The album was led by the single \"Lay You Down Easy\", featuring Sean Paul.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ The group released their debut single \"Rude\" in late 2013, eventually achieving commercial success worldwide, reaching atop the U.S.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for six consecutive weeks.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ The song had spent 16 weeks in the chart's top ten.", "Primary Colours (Magic! album) __knowledge__ With \"Rude\", Magic!", "Chromoxylography __knowledge__ Chromoxylography was a colour woodblock printing process, popular from the mid-19th to the early-20th century, commonly used to produce illustrations in children's books, serial pulp magazines, and cover art for yellow-back and penny dreadfuls.", "Chromoxylography __knowledge__ In the 19th century the art of relief engraving and chromoxylography was perfected by engravers and printers, most notably in England by Victorian engraver and printer Edmund Evans.", "Chromoxylography __knowledge__ A wide range of hues and tones were produced by the color mixing of the chromoxylography process—a technique that was complicated, requiring intricate engraving and printing for good results.", "The Horrors __knowledge__ The Horrors are an English rock band formed in Southend-on-Sea in 2005, consisting of lead vocalist Faris Badwan, guitarist Joshua Hayward, keyboardist and synthesiser player Tom Cowan (also known as Tom Furse), bassist Rhys Webb, and drummer and percussionist Joe Spurgeon.", "The Horrors __knowledge__ Their music has been classified as garage rock, garage punk, gothic rock, shoegazing and post-punk revival.", "The Horrors __knowledge__ The band have released five studio albums: \"Strange House\" (2007), \"Primary Colours\" (2009), \"Skying\" (2011), \"Luminous\" (2014) and \"V\" (2017) all of which charted within the UK Top 40.", "The Horrors __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, the Horrors coalesced around shared interests in obscure vinyl and DJing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The following episodes are the episode list for Endurance.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Episode seven, fifteen, and sixteen are specials.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The seventh episode recaps the events of the first six days of the competition.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The fifteenth and the sixteenth episodes reunites the cast nearly one year since the series has started.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ In the series premiere, 20 strangers arrive on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where they meet the host, J.D.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Roth, who explains the rules to them: every day, there will be a mission that will give one of seven teams a Pyramid Piece, an important item needed to win the game (the pieces are Courage, Heart, Knoweledge, Leadership, Commitment, Perseverance, Trust, Discipline, Strength, and Luck), and the following day features a Temple Mission, which gives the winning team a chance to send two other teams to the Temple of Fate, where one team is eliminated.", "Green __knowledge__ Green is the color between blue and yellow on the visible spectrum.", "Green __knowledge__ It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm.", "Green __knowledge__ In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors.", "Green __knowledge__ By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ This is a list of current and former National Hockey League (NHL) mascots, sorted alphabetically.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ Al the Octopus is the octopus mascot of the Detroit Red Wings.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ It is also the only mascot that is not costumed.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ In 1952, when east side fish merchants Pete and Jerry Cusimano threw a real octopus onto the Olympia arena ice, the eight legs represented the eight victories needed to secure a Stanley Cup in those six-team days.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ Since then, fans throw an octopus onto the ice for good luck.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ In one game in the 1995 Playoffs, fans threw forty-five onto the ice.", "List of NHL mascots __knowledge__ Arena Manager and Zamboni driver Al Sobotka ceremoniously scoops them up and whirls them over his head, and play continues.", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ \"I Am Furious (Yellow)\" is the eighteenth episode of \"The Simpsons\"' thirteenth season.", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ It first aired in the United States on the Fox network on April 28, 2002.", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ In the episode, Bart creates a comic book series based on his father Homer's anger problems, which turns into a popular Internet cartoon series called \"Angry Dad\".", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Homer finds out about this and is at first outraged, but after talking to his family, he decides to try to become a less angry person.", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ The episode was directed by Chuck Sheetz and written by John Swartzwelder.", "I Am Furious (Yellow) __knowledge__ The idea for the episode was pitched by Matt Selman, and the staff took inspiration for the episode from the \"Simpsons\" staff's own experience with web cartoons, such as \"Queer Duck\" and \"Hard Drinkin' Lincoln\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ Many languages do not distinguish between what in English are described as \"blue\" and \"green\" and instead use a cover term spanning both.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ To describe this English lexical gap, linguists use the portmanteau word \"grue\", from \"green\" and \"blue\", which the philosopher Nelson Goodman coined in his 1955 \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ The exact definition of \"blue\" and \"green\" may be complicated by the speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet color has a dominant wavelength of approximately 380-450 nanometers.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ In the color wheel historically used by painters, it is located between blue and purple.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ On the screens of computer monitors and television sets, a color which looks similar to violet is made, with the RGB color model, by mixing red and blue light, with the blue twice as bright as the red.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ This is not true violet, since it is composed of multiple longer wavelengths rather than a single wavelength shorter than that of blue light.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ On Vision and Colors () is a treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer that was published in May 1816 when the author was 28 years old.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer had extensive discussions with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's \"Theory of Colours\" of 1810, in the months around the turn of the years 1813 and 1814, and basically shared Goethe's views.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer tried to demonstrate physiologically that color is \"specially modified activity of the retina.\"", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ The initial basis for Schopenhauer's color theory comes from Goethe's chapter on physiological colors, which discusses three principal pairs of contrasting colors: red/green, orange/blue, and yellow/violet.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Star Sapphire is the name of several fictional characters in DC Comics; many of them are villainous, and all connected in origin.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Within DC continuity, an immortal race of warrior women (the Zamarons) were depicted as having the ancient tradition of choosing physically identical mortals from across the cosmos to serve as the host body for their queen.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ The woman chosen to serve this queen is called \"Star Sapphire\".", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ She is given the queen's symbolic weapon; a crystal resembling an actual star sapphire that grants the user powers similar to the power ring of Green Lanterns.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ In the 2000s the term came to refer to the Star Sapphires, an organization whose members in part include women previously depicted as the singular Star Sapphire in DC titles.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Alexander H. Stephens __knowledge__ Alexander H. Stephens (born Alexander Hamilton Stephens; February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the Vice President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.", "Alexander H. Stephens __knowledge__ A member of the Democratic Party, Stephens also served in the United States House of Representatives and as the 50th Governor of Georgia.", "Alexander H. Stephens __knowledge__ Stephens attended Franklin College and established a legal practice in his home town of Crawfordville, Georgia.", "Alexander H. Stephens __knowledge__ After serving in both houses of the Georgia General Assembly, he won election to Congress, taking his seat in 1843.", "Alexander H. Stephens __knowledge__ He became a leading Southern Whig and strongly opposed the Mexican–American War.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ This is a list of deities from the Greyhawk campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ Al'Akbar is the Baklunish demigod of dignity, duty, faithfulness, and guardianship.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ His symbol is a cup and eight-pointed star, images of the legendary \"Cup and Talisman\" that now bear his name.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ Al'Akbar is subordinate to the other Baklunish gods, remaining a mere demigod out of respect for them.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ His faithful oppose the sadistic elemental cults of Ull.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ Al'Akbar is allied with Heironeous.", "List of Greyhawk deities __knowledge__ Al'Akbar's priests use the Cup and Talisman as metaphors for the good life, urging their flocks to be vessels of kindness and emblems of devotion.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ The Cumberland and Oxford Canal was opened in 1832 to connect the largest lakes of southern Maine with the seaport of Portland, Maine.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ The canal followed the Presumpscot River from Sebago Lake through the towns of Standish, Windham, Gorham, and Westbrook.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ The Canal diverged from the river at Westbrook to reach the navigable Fore River estuary and Portland Harbor.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ The canal required 27 locks to reach Sebago Lake at an elevation of above sea level.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ One additional lock was constructed in the Songo River to provide of additional elevation to reach Long Lake from Sebago Lake.", "Cumberland and Oxford Canal __knowledge__ Total navigable distance was approximately from Portland to Harrison at the north end of Long Lake.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ \"For Kumaoni people see Kumaoni people\" Kumaon or Kumaun is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttarakhand, a mountainous state of northern India, the other being Garhwal.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ It includes the districts of Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Nepal, on the south by the state of Uttar Pradesh, and on the west by the Garhwal region.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ The people of Kumaon are known as Kumaonis and speak the Kumaoni language.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ It is home to a famous Indian Army regiment, the Kumaon Regiment.", "Kumaon division __knowledge__ Important towns of Kumaon are Haldwani, Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh, Rudrapur, Kashipur, Pantnagar, Mukteshwar and Ranikhet.", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ Sky-Walk (alternatively Sky Walk, Skywalk, etc.)", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ is the first completed novel by Charles Brockden Brown.", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ It was started in 1797 and completed by March 1798, when an “Excerpt” was published in \"The Weekly Magazine of Original Essays, Fugitive Pieces, and Interesting Intelligence\".", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ The novel was subsequently lost, though Brown’s later novel \"Edgar Huntly\" takes up the same themes as \"Sky-Walk\", most notably, that of sleepwalking.", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ Like Brown’s other novels, \"Sky-Walk\" is an example of the American Gothic novel.", "Sky-Walk __knowledge__ On March 17, 1798, an advertisement appeared in \"The Weekly Magazine\" for the novel entitled \"Sky-Walk, or, The Man Unknown to Himself: An American Tale\".", "Longhorn Dam __knowledge__ Longhorn Dam is a dam crossing the Colorado River in Austin, Texas, United States, where it creates Lady Bird Lake.", "Longhorn Dam __knowledge__ Completed in 1960, the dam was built by the City of Austin as the last in a chain of Colorado River dams in central Texas begun during the Great Depression.", "Longhorn Dam __knowledge__ The name refers to its location on a ford used for longhorn cattle drives as a part of the Chisholm Trail in the late 19th century.", "Longhorn Dam __knowledge__ Longhorn Dam was constructed in the late 1950s to establish a cooling reservoir for Austin's Holly Street Power Plant, a 570-megawatt natural gas and fuel oil-fired electrical power plant.", "Longhorn Dam __knowledge__ The reservoir it created, Lady Bird Lake, was also originally used as a source of drinking water for the city.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ Augustin-Jean Fresnel (, ; ; 10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ But he is perhaps better known for inventing the \"catadioptric\" (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of \"stepped\" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving unknown numbers of lives at sea.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ The simpler \"dioptric\" (purely refractive) stepped lens, first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ Many languages do not distinguish between what in English are described as \"blue\" and \"green\" and instead use a cover term spanning both.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ To describe this English lexical gap, linguists use the portmanteau word \"grue\", from \"green\" and \"blue\", which the philosopher Nelson Goodman coined in his 1955 \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ The exact definition of \"blue\" and \"green\" may be complicated by the speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the webcomic \"The Order of the Stick\" (OOTS).", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Celebrating and satirizing tabletop role-playing games and medieval fantasy, this tale of the eponymous fellowship of adventuring heroes is written and illustrated by Rich Burlew in a stick-figure style.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Taking place in a magical world that loosely operates by the rules of the 3.5 edition \"Dungeons & Dragons\" (D&D), the comic follows the sometimes-farcical exploits of six adventurers as they strive to save the world from an evil lich.", "Characters of The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Much of the comic's humor stems from these characters either being aware of the game rules that affect their lives or having anachronistic knowledge of modern culture, which in turn is often used by the author to parody various aspects of role-playing games and fantasy fiction.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ Azure ( ) is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ On the , \"azure\" (color #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ The complementary color of azure is orange.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ In the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ The color azure ultimately takes its name from the intense blue mineral lapis lazuli. '", "Thirteen Cents __knowledge__ Thirteen Cents is the debut novel of South African author K. Sello Duiker.", "Thirteen Cents __knowledge__ It was published in 2000 to critical acclaim and immediate success in South Africa and abroad, winning the 2002 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book, Africa.", "Thirteen Cents __knowledge__ The first edition of \"Thirteen Cents\" outside South Africa was published by Ohio University Press in 2013 as part of the Modern African Writing series with an introduction by Professor Shaun Viljoen.", "Thirteen Cents __knowledge__ The novel is set in post-apartheid South Africa and depicts the brutal reality of South African street children.", "Thirteen Cents __knowledge__ As a crime novel and bildungsroman, it follows the twelve-year-old orphan Azure and his efforts to survive on the streets of Cape Town amidst an underworld of gangsters, drug use, violence, and prostitution.", "The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ The Order of the Stick (OOTS) is a comedic webcomic that satirizes tabletop role-playing games and medieval fantasy.", "The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ The comic is written and drawn by Rich Burlew, who illustrates the comic in a stick figure style.", "The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Taking place in a magical world that loosely operates by the rules of the 3.5 edition of the role-playing game \"Dungeons and Dragons\" (\"D&D\"), the comic follows the sometimes farcical exploits of six adventurers as they strive to save the world from an evil lich sorcerer.", "The Order of the Stick __knowledge__ Much of the comic's humor stems from the characters' awareness of the game rules that affect their lives or from having anachronistic knowledge of modern culture." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6 ]

[ "Same! I love blue, it is one of the three primary colours", "Red and Green, Blue however is between violet and green on the spectrum ", "That is true and most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green", "Yeah if you have blue eyes , Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes." ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "I've heard of them, but have never seen one. What makes you want one?", "How do you mean, little longer? Do they live for a long time?", "Ah, now I understand :) That subsidy idea sound like a good thing to get involved with. How would you do that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "Want One __knowledge__ Want One is the third studio album by the Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released through DreamWorks Records on September 23, 2003.", "Want One __knowledge__ The album was produced by Marius de Vries and mixed by Andy Bradfield, with Lenny Waronker as the executive in charge of production.", "Want One __knowledge__ \"Want One\" spawned two singles: \"I Don't Know What It Is\", which peaked at No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 74 on the UK Singles Chart, and \"Oh What a World\".", "Want One __knowledge__ The album charted in three countries, reaching No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 60 on the \"Billboard\" 200, No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 130 in France, and No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 77 in the Netherlands.", "Want One __knowledge__ \"Want One\" features guest vocals from Martha Wainwright, Joan Wasser, Teddy Thompson and Linda Thompson, as well as a banjo solo on \"14th Street\" by Wainwright's mother Kate McGarrigle.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\" centers on Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carlotta \"Carly\" Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carly's best friends are Sam Puckett, Freddie Benson (who lives in the same apartment building), and Gibby Gibson.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ The Dominici affair was the criminal investigation into the triple murder of three Britons in France.", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ During the night of 4/5 August 1952, Sir Jack Drummond, a 61-year-old scientist; his 44-year-old wife Anne Wilbraham; and their 10-year-old daughter Elizabeth were murdered next to their car which was parked in a lay-by near \"La Grand'Terre\", the farm belonging to the Dominici family, located near the village of Lurs in the département of Basses-Alpes (now Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).", "Dominici affair __knowledge__ Family patriarch Gaston Dominici was convicted of the three murders in 1957 and sentenced to death, though it was widely believed that his guilt had not been clearly established.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (born July 22, 1973) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter and composer.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ He has recorded seven albums of original music and numerous tracks on compilations and film soundtracks.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ He has also written a classical opera and set Shakespeare sonnets to music for a theater piece by Robert Wilson.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Wainwright's self-titled debut album was released through DreamWorks Records in May 1998.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ His second album, \"Poses\", was released in June 2001.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Wainwright's third and fourth studio albums, \"Want One\" (2003) and \"Want Two\" (2004), were repackaged as the double album \"Want\" in 2005.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ The domestic pig (\"Sus scrofa domesticus\" or only \"Sus domesticus\"), often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a large, even-toed ungulate.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ It is variously considered a subspecies of the wild boar or a distinct species.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ The domestic pig's head-plus-body-length ranges from , and the adult can weigh between .", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ Compared to other artiodactyls, its head is relatively long, pointed, and free of warts.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ Even-toed ungulates are generally herbivorous, but the domestic pig is an omnivore, like its wild relative.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ When used as livestock, domestic pigs are farmed primarily for the consumption of their meat, called pork.", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Miniature pig (also micro pig, teacup pig, etc.)", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ is a term that is used to refer to small breeds of domestic pig, such as Pot-bellied pigs, Göttingen minipigs, Choctaw Hogs, or Kunekune (and specimens derived by cross-breeding with these).", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Notable features of most miniature pigs distinguishing them from other pigs may be defined by their possession of small, perked-back ears, a potbelly, sway back, chubby figure, rounded head, short snout, legs, and neck, and a short tail with thick hair at the end.", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Typically, most breeds of mini pigs will range from the minimum weight of to .", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Chinese pigs that grew to be were sent to zoos in Western cities and were used for medical research in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, pulmonology, cardiology, aging, and as a source of organs for organ transplantation.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ National Pig Day is an event held annually on March 1 in the United States to celebrate the pig.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ The holiday celebration was started in 1972 by sisters Ellen Stanley, a teacher in Lubbock, Texas, and Mary Lynne Rave of Beaufort, North Carolina.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ According to Rave the purpose of National Pig Day is \"to accord the pig its rightful, though generally unrecognized, place as one of man's most intellectual and domesticated animals.\"", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ The holiday is most often celebrated in the Midwest.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ National Pig Day includes events at zoos, schools, nursing homes, and sporting events around the United States.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ It is also recognized at \"pig parties\" where pink pig punch and pork delicacies are served, and pink ribbon pigtails are tied around trees in the pigs' honor.", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ \"An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig\" is the fifth episode in the first season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on September 10, 1997.", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ In the episode, the boys of South Park try to force Kyle's pet elephant to crossbreed with Cartman's pet pig for a class project on genetic engineering.", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Stan tries to deal with his sister Shelley, who keeps beating him up.", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone along with Dan Sterling.", "An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig __knowledge__ The episode served as both a parody of genetic engineering and a statement against its potential evils.", "Pig __knowledge__ A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.", "Pig __knowledge__ Pigs include the domestic pig and its ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar (\"Sus scrofa\"), along with other species; related creatures outside the genus include the peccary, the babirusa, and the warthog.", "Pig __knowledge__ Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Eurasian and African continents.", "Pig __knowledge__ Juvenile pigs are known as piglets.", "Pig __knowledge__ Pigs are highly social and intelligent animals.", "Pig __knowledge__ With around 1 billion individuals alive at any time, the domestic pig is among the most populous large mammals in the world.", "Pig __knowledge__ Pigs are omnivores and can consume a wide range of food.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The Ironwood Pig Sanctuary is a non-profit pot bellied pig sanctuary located in Pinal County, Arizona, at Marana, about 30 miles from Tucson.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ Its mission is to relieve the suffering of abandoned, abused, unwanted, or neglected pigs.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ It contains almost 600 pigs on .", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The sanctuary was founded and is maintained by husband and wife retirees Ben Watkins and Mary Schanz.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ Before opening the sanctuary, Schanz was a medical technician and animal rights activist.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The owners of the sanctuary credit the swell of interest in Vietnamese pot bellied pigs during the 1980s and 1990s with the current number of unwanted pigs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ Kiss a Little Longer was an advertising slogan used by the William Wrigley Jr.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ Corporation to market their gum products in the late 1970s.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ In 1976 Big Red joined the Wm.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ Wrigley Jr. Company, the largest American manufacturer of chewing gum.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ The Wrigley family at the time also included Doublemint, Wrigley's Spearmint, Juicy Fruit, and Freedent.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ Seeing a need in the cinnamon gum market for a full-sizes stick, Wrigley launched the campaign in 1979.", "Kiss a Little Longer __knowledge__ The advertising campaign's jingle and refrain, \"Kiss a Little Longer\" became familiar to viewers across the United States in the years afterwards when it was used.", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ Lovers (Live a Little Longer) is a song by ABBA, released on their 1979 album \"Voulez-Vous\".", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ The song premiered in the TV show ABBA in Switzerland in February 1979.", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ The song argues that a recent scientific study has shown that love is a factor in longevity.", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ It then uses this to say \"lovers live a little longer baby, you and me we got a chance to live twice\".", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ The song contains \"electric guitars and restless strings\", which blend together to simulate the \"dynamite drug\" spoken of in the narrative.", "Lovers (Live a Little Longer) __knowledge__ The song consists of a \"vocal baton-changing\" between Frida and Agnetha in the lead up to the chorus.", "Shotgun Willie __knowledge__ Shotgun Willie is the 16th studio album by Willie Nelson.", "Shotgun Willie __knowledge__ The recording marks a change of style for Nelson, who later stated that the album \"cleared his throat\".", "Shotgun Willie __knowledge__ When Nelson refused to sign an early extension of his contract with RCA in 1972, the label decided not to release any further recordings.", "Shotgun Willie __knowledge__ Nelson hired Neil Reshen as his manager, and while Reshen negotiated with RCA, Nelson moved to Austin, Texas, where the ongoing hippie music scene at the Armadillo World Headquarters renewed his musical style.", "Shotgun Willie __knowledge__ In Nashville, Nelson met producer Jerry Wexler, vice president of Atlantic Records, who was interested in his music.", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ \"Stay a Little Longer\" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne.", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ The song was released in March 2015 as the duo's third single overall.", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Shane McAnally.", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ The song is a guitar-driven mid-tempo about a man who has an encounter with an \"on again, off again\" lover and, after the encounter, wishes that they could \"stay a little longer.\"", "Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song) __knowledge__ T.J. Osborne, one half of the duo, told \"Rolling Stone\" that \"That song gives them everything that we are.", "Voltage optimisation __knowledge__ Voltage optimisation is a term given to the systematic controlled reduction in the voltages received by an energy consumer to reduce energy use, power demand and reactive power demand.", "Voltage optimisation __knowledge__ While some voltage 'optimisation' devices have a fixed voltage adjustment, others electronically regulate the voltage automatically.", "Voltage optimisation __knowledge__ Voltage optimisation systems are typically installed in series with the mains electrical supply to a building, allowing all its electrical equipment to benefit from an optimised supply.", "Voltage optimisation __knowledge__ Voltage optimisation is an electrical energy saving technique which is mainly installed in series with the mains electricity supply to provide a reduced supply voltage for the site's equipment.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "The Grodes __knowledge__ The Grodes, sometimes known as The Tongues of Truth, were an American garage rock band from Tucson, Arizona, that featured lead singer and songwriter Manny Freiser, and were active between 1965 and 1967.", "The Grodes __knowledge__ They are best remembered for two Manny Freiser written songs, “Cry a Little Longer” and the original version of “Let’s Talk about Girls\" (recorded as The Tongues of Truth), later covered by The Chocolate Watchband.", "The Grodes __knowledge__ The band was founded in 1964 in Tucson, Arizona.", "The Grodes __knowledge__ They were led by guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter Manny Freiser.", "The Grodes __knowledge__ The band's original lineup consisted of Freiser and Dale Smith on guitar, Rick Cota-Robles on bass, Rick Lust on keyboards, John Lee White III on drums.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "DJ Vadim __knowledge__ DJ Vadim is a prolific DJ and producer born in Leningrad, USSR (now Saint Petersburg, Russia) and raised in London.", "DJ Vadim __knowledge__ His music combines hip hop, soul, reggae, and electronica.", "DJ Vadim __knowledge__ He has been described as \"one of the few artists creating genuinely new work in the Hip-Hop field\" and an artist who \"cannot be ignored\".", "DJ Vadim __knowledge__ In 1994, Vadim founded his own independent record label, Jazz Fudge, but signed to Ninja Tune the following year, before his current label BBE, in 2007.", "DJ Vadim __knowledge__ Aside from DJ-ing and producing, he has also worked as in A&R and promotion, as well as a radio presenter on the BBC's \"Around the World in Eight Relays\" programme." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics &amp; Policy __knowledge__ The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) is a public health research organization with headquarters in Washington, D.C. and New Delhi.", "Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics &amp; Policy __knowledge__ Its mission is \"to produce independent, multidisciplinary research to advance the health and well-being of human populations in the United States and around the world.\"", "Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics &amp; Policy __knowledge__ CDDEP’s team of economists, epidemiologists, disease modelers, policy and risk analysts carry out research on malaria, antibiotic resistance, disease control priorities, environmental health, alcohol and tobacco, and various other diseases.", "Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics &amp; Policy __knowledge__ Research is divided across four areas: disease dynamics and behavior, disease dynamics and information structure, delivery of new technologies for disease control, and innovative financing.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Phil \"Fang\" Volk (born Phillip Edward Volk; October 25, 1945) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, band leader, record producer and arranger.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ As the bassist of Paul Revere & the Raiders from 1965–1967, Volk appeared in over 750 television shows, 520 of which were episodes of the Dick Clark production, \"Where the Action Is\", which aired daily from 1965-67.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ The band themselves had 23 charted hits and 14 gold albums and Volk was a member of the band during the period of its greatest success.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Volk's bass lines, as heard in songs such as \"Hungry\", \"Just Like Me\" and \"Kicks\", helped to revolutionize how the bass guitar was used in rock music.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles\", including \"Hurts So Good\", \"Jack & Diane\", \"Crumblin' Down\", \"Pink Houses\", \"Lonely Ol' Night\", \"Small Town\", \"R.O.C.K.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ in the U.S.A.\", \"Paper in Fire\", and \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Live Aid __knowledge__ Live Aid was a dual-venue benefit concert held on 13 July 1985, and an ongoing music-based fundraising initiative.", "Live Aid __knowledge__ The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine.", "Live Aid __knowledge__ Billed as the \"global jukebox\", the event was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, England (attended by 72,000 people) and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (attended by about 100,000 people).", "Live Aid __knowledge__ On the same day, concerts inspired by the initiative happened in other countries, such as the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan, Yugoslavia, Austria, Australia and West Germany.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Husbandry has a long history, starting with the Neolithic revolution when animals were first domesticated, from around 13,000 BC onwards, antedating farming of the first crops.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ By the time of early civilisations such as ancient Egypt, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were being raised on farms.", "Animal husbandry __knowledge__ Major changes took place in the Columbian Exchange when Old World livestock were brought to the New World, and then in the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century, when livestock breeds like the Dishley Longhorn cattle and Lincoln Longwool sheep were rapidly improved by agriculturalists such as Robert Bakewell to yield more meat, milk, and wool.", "Livestock __knowledge__ Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, jewellery and wool.", "Livestock __knowledge__ The term is sometimes used to refer solely to those that are bred for consumption, while other times it refers only to farmed ruminants, such as cattle and goats.", "Livestock __knowledge__ In recent years, some organizations have also raised livestock to promote the survival of rare breeds.", "Livestock __knowledge__ The breeding, maintenance, and slaughter of these animals, known as animal husbandry, is a component of modern agriculture that has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to farming from hunter-gatherer lifestyles.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming continues to be developed by various organic agriculture organizations today.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ It relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Purebred __knowledge__ Purebreds, also called purebreeds, are cultivated varieties or \"cultivars\" of an animal species, achieved through the process of selective breeding.", "Purebred __knowledge__ When the lineage of a purebred animal is recorded, that animal is said to be \"pedigreed\".", "Purebred __knowledge__ The term \"purebred\" is occasionally confused with the proper noun \"Thoroughbred,\" which refers exclusively to a specific breed of horse, one of the first breeds for which a written national stud book was created since the 18th century.", "Purebred __knowledge__ Thus a purebred animal should never be called a \"thoroughbred\" unless the animal actually is a registered Thoroughbred horse.", "Purebred __knowledge__ In the world of selective animal breeding, to \"breed true\" means that specimens of an animal breed will breed true-to-type when mated like-to-like; that is, that the progeny of any two individuals in the same breed will show consistent, replicable and predictable characteristics." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 11, 11 ]

[ "I have always wanted a Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig, it's an endangered small domestic pig.", "They grow slow so I thought it would be fun that they are little longer.", "I just meant they stay smaller for a longer time. The National INstitue of Animal Husbandry started a program that will subsidize farmers who reared purebred stock. Maybe I should get involved in that.", "I'm not exactly sure. I don't think they have been very successful though. They saw a little increase in the number of pot-bellies but people were inbreeding so that's not good" ]

[ "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied" ]

[ "Near-death experience", "Nope, not me. I wonder what that would feel like though. ", "I did not know about those. I'll have to check them out sometime. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ A near-death experience (NDE) is a personal experience associated with death or impending death.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ NDEs are a recognized part of some transcendental and religious beliefs in an afterlife.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Neuroscience research suggests that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from \"disturbed bodily multisensory integration\" that occurs during life-threatening events.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ The equivalent French term \"expérience de mort imminente\" (experience of imminent death) was proposed by the French psychologist and epistemologist Victor Egger as a result of discussions in the 1890s among philosophers and psychologists concerning climbers' stories of the panoramic life review during falls.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ In 1892 a series of subjective observations by workers falling from scaffolds, war soldiers who suffered injuries, climbers who had fallen from heights or other individuals who had come close to death (near drownings, accidents) was reported by Heim.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ This was also the first time the phenomenon was described as clinical syndrome." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ A near-death experience (NDE) is a personal experience associated with death or impending death.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ NDEs are a recognized part of some transcendental and religious beliefs in an afterlife.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Neuroscience research suggests that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from \"disturbed bodily multisensory integration\" that occurs during life-threatening events.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ The equivalent French term \"expérience de mort imminente\" (experience of imminent death) was proposed by the French psychologist and epistemologist Victor Egger as a result of discussions in the 1890s among philosophers and psychologists concerning climbers' stories of the panoramic life review during falls.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ In 1892 a series of subjective observations by workers falling from scaffolds, war soldiers who suffered injuries, climbers who had fallen from heights or other individuals who had come close to death (near drownings, accidents) was reported by Heim.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ This was also the first time the phenomenon was described as clinical syndrome.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Henri Steenacker __knowledge__ Henri Steenacker (22 April 1926 – 25 August 1993) was a Belgian rower.", "Henri Steenacker __knowledge__ He competed in the single sculls at the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the double sculls at the 1956 Summer Olympics, together with his brother Fernand, but failed to reach the final on both occasions.", "Henri Steenacker __knowledge__ Steenacker won a bronze medal in the double sculls at the 1957 European Championships, together with Gérard Higny.", "Henri Steenacker __knowledge__ Steenacker died aged 67 in a cycling accident.", "Jurassic World __knowledge__ Jurassic World is a 2015 American science fiction adventure film, the first film in the sequel trilogy and the fourth installment of the \"Jurassic Park\" series.", "Jurassic World __knowledge__ The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow, produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, and stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard.", "Jurassic World __knowledge__ The production companies were Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, also responsible for the rest of the \"Jurassic Park\" franchise, and Thomas Tull's Legendary Pictures.", "Jurassic World __knowledge__ Set 22 years after the events of \"Jurassic Park\", \"Jurassic World\" takes place on the same fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where a theme park populated with cloned dinosaurs has operated for ten years.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ \"Forever Evil\" is a 2013–2014 crossover comic book storyline published by DC Comics that began in September 2013 and ended in May 2014, consisting of an eponymous, central miniseries written by Geoff Johns and art by David Finch.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ It is the first line wide crossover since The New 52 reboot of the DC Universe, and focuses on all the villains of the DC Universe.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ The miniseries spins out of the events in \"Trinity War\".", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ Johns revealed in August 2013, that the Crime Syndicate, an evil version of the Justice League from Earth-3 in the Multiverse, are the true villains of the event and not the previously thought Secret Society.", "Good for You (song) __knowledge__ \"Good for You\" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her second studio album, \"Revival\" (2015).", "Good for You (song) __knowledge__ It features vocals by American rapper ASAP Rocky.", "Good for You (song) __knowledge__ The track was written by Gomez, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, ASAP Rocky, Nolan Lambroza, and Nick Monson, being produced by the latter two.", "Good for You (song) __knowledge__ Originally, the track was conceived by the writers in 45 minutes, during a session booked by the latter.", "Good for You (song) __knowledge__ Gomez then received the song through the trio's A&R and was entirely involved in its creative session, helping to develop it as a representation of her process of self-realization, her confidence as a young woman, and her feelings of vulnerability.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, \"Come On Over\" (1997).", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the song's attitude and hook as well as Twain's vocals.", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ Near-death studies is a field of psychology and psychiatry that studies the physiology, phenomenology and after-effects of the near-death experience (NDE).", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ The field was originally associated with a distinct group of North American researchers that followed up on the initial work of Raymond Moody, and who later established the International Association for Near-death Studies (IANDS) and the \"Journal of Near-Death Studies\".", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ Since then the field has expanded, and now includes contributions from a wide range of researchers and commentators worldwide.", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ The near-death experience is an experience reported by people who have come close to dying in a medical or non-medical setting.", "Anita Moorjani __knowledge__ Anita Moorjani (born Anita Shamdasani) (born 16 March 1959) is a \"New York Times\" best selling author of the book \"Dying to be Me\", speaker, and intercultural consultant for multinational corporations.", "Anita Moorjani __knowledge__ In 2006, after suffering cancer for almost four years, Anita's organs started shutting down and she slipped into a deep coma.", "Anita Moorjani __knowledge__ She was in coma for 30 hours.", "Anita Moorjani __knowledge__ She was rushed to the hospital where she claims to have crossed into the afterlife during what is often referred to as a Near Death Experience (NDE).", "Anita Moorjani __knowledge__ Moorjani was born to Indian parents Hargobind (father) and Neelu (mother) Shamdasani in Singapore.", "Passage (Willis novel) __knowledge__ Passage is a science fiction novel by Connie Willis, published in 2001.", "Passage (Willis novel) __knowledge__ The novel won the Locus Award for Best Novel in 2002, was shortlisted for the Nebula Award in 2001, and received nominations for the Hugo, Campbell, and Clarke Awards in 2002.", "Passage (Willis novel) __knowledge__ \"Passage\" follows the efforts of Joanna Lander, a research psychologist, to understand the phenomenon of near-death experiences (or NDEs) by interviewing hospital patients after they are revived following clinical death.", "Passage (Willis novel) __knowledge__ Her work with Dr. Richard Wright, a neurologist who has discovered a way to chemically induce an artificial NDE and conduct an \"RIPT\" brain scan during the experience, leads her to the discovery of the biological purpose of NDEs.", "Purgatory __knowledge__ In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory (, via Anglo-Norman and Old French) is an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first \"undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven,\" holding that \"certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come.\"", "Purgatory __knowledge__ And that entrance into Heaven requires the \"remission before God of the temporal punishment due to [venial] sins whose guilt has already been forgiven,\" for which indulgences may be given which remove \"either part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin,\" such as an \"unhealthy attachment\" to sin.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ Betty (Jean) Eadie (born 1942) is a prominent American author of several books on near-death experiences (NDEs).", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ Her best-known book is the No.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ 1 New York Times bestselling book \"Embraced by the Light,\" (1992) describing her near-death experience.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ It is arguably the most detailed near-death account on record.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ It was followed by \"The Awakening Heart\" (1996), which was also a best-seller.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ \"The Ripple Effect\" (1999) and \"Embraced by the Light: Prayers and Devotions for Daily Living\" (2001) were both published independently.", "Betty Eadie __knowledge__ Eadie, who is part Native American, was born in Valentine, Nebraska and raised on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The Bahá'í Faith affirms the prospect of life after death extensively while not defining everything about it.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The soul on death is said to recognize the value of its deeds and begin a new phase of a conscious relationship with God though negative experiences are possible.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ Others have noted the religion's stances on the afterlife.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The soul is not considered to be subject to natural law - rather it is subject to spiritual law as a covenant between man and God and it takes identity at the conception of the embryo, but not \"in\" the body, rather, associated with it like light to a mirror.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ Heaven is a soul being close to God, not a place but a condition, as it undergoes an eternal spiritual evolution." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ A near-death experience (NDE) is a personal experience associated with death or impending death.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ NDEs are a recognized part of some transcendental and religious beliefs in an afterlife.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ Neuroscience research suggests that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from \"disturbed bodily multisensory integration\" that occurs during life-threatening events.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ The equivalent French term \"expérience de mort imminente\" (experience of imminent death) was proposed by the French psychologist and epistemologist Victor Egger as a result of discussions in the 1890s among philosophers and psychologists concerning climbers' stories of the panoramic life review during falls.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ In 1892 a series of subjective observations by workers falling from scaffolds, war soldiers who suffered injuries, climbers who had fallen from heights or other individuals who had come close to death (near drownings, accidents) was reported by Heim.", "Near-death experience __knowledge__ This was also the first time the phenomenon was described as clinical syndrome.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ I Love Money 2 or I Love Money (season 2) is the second season of the VH1 reality television series \"I Love Money\", created by Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The 19 contestants for the second season were drawn from \"I Love New York\", \"Flavor of Love\", \"Rock of Love\", and \"Real Chance of Love\" to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ Production began in late October 2008 & wrapped November 2008, and the show premiered on February 2, 2009 with Craig J. Jackson returning to host.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Angela Pitts, also known as Myammee.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Foursquare is a local search-and-discovery service mobile app which provides search results for its users.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ The app provides personalized recommendations of places to go to near a user's current location based on users' \"previous browsing history, purchases, or check-in history\".", "Foursquare __knowledge__ The service was created in late 2008 and launched in 2009 by Dennis Crowley and Naveen Selvadurai.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Crowley had previously founded the similar project Dodgeball as his graduate thesis project in the Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP) at New York University.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and shut it down in 2009, replacing it with Google Latitude.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ The Amazing Race is a reality television game show in which teams of two people race around the world in competition with other teams.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants strive to arrive first at \"Pit Stops\" at the end of each leg of the race to win prizes and to avoid coming in last, which carries the possibility of elimination or a significant disadvantage in the following leg.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants travel to and within multiple countries in a variety of transportation modes, including airplanes, hot air balloons, helicopters, trucks, bicycles, taxicabs, cars, trains, buses, boats, and by foot.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Clues provided in each leg lead the teams to the next destination or direct them to perform a task, either together or by a single member.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show was created by \"The Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of \"Flavor of Love, I Love New York\" and \"Rock of Love\", and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ A bad check restitution program (BCRP) is a program in the United States that works to retrieve funds from bad check writers in order to repay moneys owed to the recipients of the checks.", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ In other words, these are debt collection operations.", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ Many of these programs are operated by private companies that add fees that may exceed $200, regardless of the amount of the check.", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ They call these operations \"bad check enforcement,\" or \"bad check restitution,\" or \"bad check diversion.\"", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ Sometime, these programs are actually run in house by real prosecutors.", "Bad check restitution program __knowledge__ The private companies send check writers letters which state basically, that to avoid being prosecuted, the check writer may enroll in an expensive diversion program.", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ Near-death studies is a field of psychology and psychiatry that studies the physiology, phenomenology and after-effects of the near-death experience (NDE).", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ The field was originally associated with a distinct group of North American researchers that followed up on the initial work of Raymond Moody, and who later established the International Association for Near-death Studies (IANDS) and the \"Journal of Near-Death Studies\".", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ Since then the field has expanded, and now includes contributions from a wide range of researchers and commentators worldwide.", "Near-death studies __knowledge__ The near-death experience is an experience reported by people who have come close to dying in a medical or non-medical setting.", "Transpersonal psychology __knowledge__ Transpersonal psychology is a sub-field or \"school\" of psychology that integrates the spiritual and transcendent aspects of the human experience with the framework of modern psychology.", "Transpersonal psychology __knowledge__ It is also possible to define it as a \"spiritual psychology\".", "Transpersonal psychology __knowledge__ The \"transpersonal\" is defined as \"experiences in which the sense of identity or self extends beyond (trans) the individual or personal to encompass wider aspects of humankind, life, psyche or cosmos\".", "Transpersonal psychology __knowledge__ It has also been defined as \"development beyond conventional, personal or individual levels\".", "Transpersonal psychology __knowledge__ Issues considered in transpersonal psychology include spiritual self-development, self beyond the ego, peak experiences, mystical experiences, systemic trance, spiritual crises, spiritual evolution, religious conversion, altered states of consciousness, spiritual practices, and other sublime and/or unusually expanded experiences of living.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ P. M. H. Atwater (born Phyllis Marie DeKeyser, September 19, 1937) is a North American writer and researcher on subjects related to Idaho, life and death issues, and spirituality from a New Thought point of view.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ Atwater was born in Twin Falls, Idaho and was later adopted by Kenneth L. Johnston.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ She married John Bernard Huffman in 1956 (divorced in 1976) and had three children: Kelly, Natalie, and Pauline.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ She became a secretary, and a prize-winning cook at the Twin Falls County Fair.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ It was because of a hand-writing analysis in the mid-60s that Atwater ever became a writer.", "P. M. H. Atwater __knowledge__ She was hired as staff writer for the Idaho Department of Commerce and Development (1969–1971), a free-lance writer of assignments for \"Sunset\" magazine, and staff writer for \"Incredible Idaho\" magazine.", "Parapsychology __knowledge__ Parapsychology is a field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena which include telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, apparitional experiences, and other paranormal claims.", "Parapsychology __knowledge__ It is identified as pseudoscience by a majority of mainstream scientists.", "Parapsychology __knowledge__ Parapsychology research is largely conducted by private institutions in several countries and funded through private donations, and the subject rarely appears in mainstream science journals.", "Parapsychology __knowledge__ Most papers about parapsychology are published in a small number of niche journals.", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ Jeffrey Long is an American author and researcher into the phenomenon of near-death experiences (NDEs).", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ A physician by training, Long practices radiation oncology at a hospital in Louisiana.", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ Long is the author of \"Evidence of the Afterlife: The Science of Near-Death Experiences\", which appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list.", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ In 1998, he founded the Near Death Experience Research Foundation, which is concerned with documenting and researching NDEs.", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ Long completed medical school and a residency in radiation oncology at the University of Iowa.", "Jeffrey Long __knowledge__ Early in his medical career, Long became interested in NDEs after reading a journal article about them.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The Bahá'í Faith affirms the prospect of life after death extensively while not defining everything about it.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The soul on death is said to recognize the value of its deeds and begin a new phase of a conscious relationship with God though negative experiences are possible.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ Others have noted the religion's stances on the afterlife.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ The soul is not considered to be subject to natural law - rather it is subject to spiritual law as a covenant between man and God and it takes identity at the conception of the embryo, but not \"in\" the body, rather, associated with it like light to a mirror.", "Bahá'í Faith on life after death __knowledge__ Heaven is a soul being close to God, not a place but a condition, as it undergoes an eternal spiritual evolution." ] ]

[ 2, 43, 3 ]

[ "Hey, crazy question, have you ever had a near death experience (NDE)? Sometimes people feel detached from their body, feelings of levitation, or even the presence of light", "Well, there actually is a way to find out. There are things called Near Death studies - this is a field of psychology and psychiatry that studies the after-effects of NDEs", "Yeah, and the interesting part is that some NDEs are a recognized part of some religious beliefs in an afterlife!" ]

[ "Near-death experience", "Near-death experience", "Near-death experience" ]

[ "Social anxiety disorder", "Wow so it is hard for you to be in open spaces such as malls or local centers.", "Is there anything you do to calm it down or have you gotten a diagnosis?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion, especially if they are undiagnosed, untreated, or both; this can lead to alcoholism, eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ SAD is sometimes referred to as an \"illness of lost opportunities\" where \"individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness\".", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ According to ICD-10 guidelines, the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention, or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating, avoidance and anxiety symptoms." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion, especially if they are undiagnosed, untreated, or both; this can lead to alcoholism, eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ SAD is sometimes referred to as an \"illness of lost opportunities\" where \"individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness\".", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ According to ICD-10 guidelines, the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention, or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating, avoidance and anxiety symptoms.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Open spaces in urban environments, such as parks, playgrounds, and natural areas, can provide many health, cultural, recreational, and economic benefits to the communities nearby.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ However, access to open spaces can be unequal for people of different incomes.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ In California's two largest metropolitan regions, Los Angeles County in Southern California and the Bay Area in Northern California, access to green space and natural areas varies with the predominate races and classes of the communities.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ This also holds true in San Diego County in Southern California.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Both expanding urbanization and diminishing funding for open space tend to widen these gaps in accessibility.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping center, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ A shopping arcade is a specific type of shopping precinct which is usually distinguished in English for mall shopping by the fact that connecting walkways are not owned by a single proprietor and are in open air.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ Shopping malls in 2017 accounted for 8% of retailing space in the United States.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still trading.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ This is a list of smoking bans by country.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ Smoking bans are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, which prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and/or other public spaces.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ Legislation may also, in some cases, restrict the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco product.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ A law came into effect on 30 May 2007 restricting smoking in closed public areas and outlawing the advertisement of tobacco, although the measure was reportedly poorly enforced in the country until 2013.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ From 2013 law enforcement has been implemented, and smoking is strictly forbidden in closed public areas, including bars, pubs, restaurants etc.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ In land use planning, urban open space is open space areas for \"parks\", \"green spaces\", and other open areas.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ They are commonly open to public access, however, urban open spaces may be privately owned.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in land use planning.", "Urban open space __knowledge__ The term \"urban open space\" can describe many types of open areas.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Jakarta (, ), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the centre of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 .", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants census.", "Principles of intelligent urbanism __knowledge__ Principles of intelligent urbanism (PIU) is a theory of urban planning composed of a set of ten axioms intended to guide the formulation of city plans and urban designs.", "Principles of intelligent urbanism __knowledge__ They are intended to reconcile and integrate diverse urban planning and management concerns.", "Principles of intelligent urbanism __knowledge__ These axioms include environmental sustainability, heritage conservation, appropriate technology, infrastructure-efficiency, placemaking, social access, transit-oriented development, regional integration, human scale, and institutional integrity.", "Principles of intelligent urbanism __knowledge__ The term was coined by Prof. Christopher Charles Benninger.", "Principles of intelligent urbanism __knowledge__ The PIU evolved from the city planning guidelines formulated by the \"International Congress of Modern Architecture\" (CIAM), the urban design approaches developed at Harvard's pioneering Urban Design Department under the leadership of Josep Lluis Sert, and the concerns enunciated by Team Ten.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Social anxiety can be defined as nervousness in social situations.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Some disorders associated with the social anxiety spectrum include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, autism, eating disorders, and substance use disorders.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Individuals higher in social anxiety avert their gazes, show fewer facial expressions, and show difficulty with initiating and maintaining conversation.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Trait social anxiety, the stable tendency to experience this nervousness, can be distinguished from state anxiety, the momentary response to a particular social stimulus.", "Social anxiety __knowledge__ Nearly 90% of individuals report feeling a form of social anxiety (i.e., shyness) at some point in their lives.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale __knowledge__ The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) is a self report scale that measures distress when meeting and talking with others that is widely used in clinical settings and among social anxiety researchers.", "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale __knowledge__ The measure assesses social anxiety disorder, which is fear or anxiety about one or more social situations where the individual is subject to possible scrutiny.", "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale __knowledge__ Questions of the SIAS assess a clients' fear of interacting in social situations, gauge emotional aspects of the anxiety response, and do not refer to social apprehensiveness or concern about others' opinions in a general sense.", "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale __knowledge__ Though related, social interaction anxiety is different from social phobia which is defined as anxiety surrounding fear of being scrutinized in a social situation.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something really bad is going to happen.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ The cause of panic disorder is unknown.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Panic disorder often runs in families.", "Panic disorder __knowledge__ Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a history of child abuse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion, especially if they are undiagnosed, untreated, or both; this can lead to alcoholism, eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse.", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ SAD is sometimes referred to as an \"illness of lost opportunities\" where \"individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness\".", "Social anxiety disorder __knowledge__ According to ICD-10 guidelines, the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention, or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating, avoidance and anxiety symptoms.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Showtime TV series \"Dexter\" and the Jeff Lindsay novels, including \"Darkly Dreaming Dexter\" (on which the show was based), \"Dearly Devoted Dexter\", \"Dexter in the Dark\", \"Dexter by Design\", and \"Dexter is Delicious\".", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter \"Dex\" Morgan is the titular protagonist and narrator of the series.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter is a forensics expert and blood spatter analyst employed by the Miami Metro Police Department, but has a double life as a vigilante serial killer.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ As young boys, he and his older brother Brian witnessed the murder of their mother, Laura Moser, and were left for two days in a shipping container filled with blood.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as a psychiatric problem.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It was called \"psychopathological mechanisms\" of dissent.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ During the leadership of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, psychiatry was used to disable and remove from society political opponents (\"dissidents\") who openly expressed beliefs that contradicted the official dogma.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The term \"philosophical intoxication\", for instance, was widely applied to the mental disorders diagnosed when people disagreed with the country's Communist leaders and, by referring to the writings of the Founding Fathers of Marxism–Leninism—Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin—made them the target of criticism.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Problems may include an abnormal appearance, short height, low body weight, small head size, poor coordination, low intelligence, behavior problems, and problems with hearing or seeing.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Those affected are more likely to have trouble in school, legal problems, participate in high-risk behaviors, and have trouble with alcohol or other drugs.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ The most severe form of the condition is known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Other types include partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD).", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ There is often trouble remembering certain events, beyond what would be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ These states alternately show in a person's behavior.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Presentations, however, are variable.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Associated condition often include borderline personality disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance misuse disorder, self-harm, or anxiety.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ The cause is believed to be due to childhood trauma.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The diagnosis is made when the person has features of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder—either bipolar disorder or depression—but does not strictly meet diagnostic criteria for either alone.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The bipolar type is distinguished by symptoms of mania, hypomania, or mixed episode; the depressive type by symptoms of depression only.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ Common symptoms of the disorder include hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking.", "Schizoaffective disorder __knowledge__ The onset of symptoms usually begins in young adulthood, currently with an uncertain lifetime prevalence because the disorder was redefined, but DSM-IV prevalence estimates have been less than one percent of the population, in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 percent.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem.", "Shyness __knowledge__ Stronger forms of shyness are usually referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.", "Shyness __knowledge__ The primary defining characteristic of shyness is a largely ego-driven fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior.", "Shyness __knowledge__ This results in a person becoming scared of doing or saying what they want to out of fear of negative reactions, being laughed at, humiliated or patronised, criticism or rejection." ] ]

[ 1, 54, 6 ]

[ "I used to really suffer badly from social anxiety disorder. It is also known as social phobia and it makes someone really nervous around people", "My anxiety is related partially to where I am at, but it is likely some of it is genetic", "Some people with it medicate with alcohol or use drugs to try to supress their symptoms. I never did that myself" ]

[ "Social anxiety disorder", "Social anxiety disorder", "Social anxiety disorder" ]

[ "StarCraft", "Oh thats awesome. I like horror video games", "I have heard about it but never have played. I used to play outlast with my ex bf. Very intense game. I loved it. Have you played it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "StarCraft __knowledge__ StarCraft is a military science fiction media franchise, created by Chris Metzen and James Phinney and owned by Blizzard Entertainment.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series, set in the beginning of the 26th century, centers on a galactic struggle for dominance among four species—the adaptable and mobile Terrans, the ever-evolving insectoid Zerg, the powerfully enigmatic Protoss, and the \"god-like\" Xel'Naga creator race—in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series debuted with the video game \"StarCraft\" in 1998.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Since then it has grown to include a number of other games as well as eight novelizations, two \"Amazing Stories\" articles, a , and other licensed merchandise such as collectible statues and toys.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment began planning \"StarCraft\" in 1995, with a development team led by Metzen and Phinney.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The game debuted at E3 1996, and used a modified \"\" game engine.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ \"StarCraft\" also marked the creation of Blizzard Entertainment's film department; the game introduced high quality cinematics integral to the storyline of the series.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Most of the original development team for \"StarCraft\" returned to work on the game's official expansion pack, \"\"; the game's development began shortly after \"StarCraft\" was released." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "StarCraft __knowledge__ StarCraft is a military science fiction media franchise, created by Chris Metzen and James Phinney and owned by Blizzard Entertainment.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series, set in the beginning of the 26th century, centers on a galactic struggle for dominance among four species—the adaptable and mobile Terrans, the ever-evolving insectoid Zerg, the powerfully enigmatic Protoss, and the \"god-like\" Xel'Naga creator race—in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series debuted with the video game \"StarCraft\" in 1998.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Since then it has grown to include a number of other games as well as eight novelizations, two \"Amazing Stories\" articles, a , and other licensed merchandise such as collectible statues and toys.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment began planning \"StarCraft\" in 1995, with a development team led by Metzen and Phinney.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The game debuted at E3 1996, and used a modified \"\" game engine.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ \"StarCraft\" also marked the creation of Blizzard Entertainment's film department; the game introduced high quality cinematics integral to the storyline of the series.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Most of the original development team for \"StarCraft\" returned to work on the game's official expansion pack, \"\"; the game's development began shortly after \"StarCraft\" was released.", "Horror (Garo) __knowledge__ Originally from a , the normal variety of Horrors, called which are grotesque black-winged skeletal demons.", "Horror (Garo) __knowledge__ An Inga Horror enters the human world by being attracted to the darkness inside human beings that its kind feed on, using an object as a portal to travel from the Demon World.", "Horror (Garo) __knowledge__ Those items, called Inga Gates, are objects with large amount of darkness from either playing a role in some sort of naturally accumulated atrocity like mass murder or a traumatic experience left unresolved.", "Horror (Garo) __knowledge__ There are also Inga Gates that are created by someone infusing the object with dark energies.", "Horror (Garo) __knowledge__ Regardless, all Inga Gates are usually activated when person with inner darkness approaches them, with the emerging Horror turning that person or any other living thing nearby into a host body.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ Resident Evil, known as in Japan, is a survival horror video game-based media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara and owned by the video game company Capcom.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ The franchise focuses around a series of survival horror video games, but has since branched out into comic books, novels, novelizations, sound dramas, live-action films, animated sequels to the games, and a variety of associated merchandise, such as action figures.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ The series' overarching plot focuses on multiple characters, and their roles in recurring outbreaks of zombies and other monsters, initially due to the release of the T-virus, but still more biological weapons over time, created mainly by the fictional Umbrella Corporation and various other organizations in later games.", "Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth __knowledge__ Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth is a survival horror video game developed by Headfirst Productions and published by Bethesda Softworks with 2K Games and Ubisoft for the PC and Xbox systems.", "Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth __knowledge__ The game was published for the Xbox in 2005 and the PC in 2006.", "Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth __knowledge__ \"Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth\" combines an action-adventure game with a relatively realistic first-person shooter and elements of a stealth game.", "Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth __knowledge__ The game is based on the works of H. P. Lovecraft, author of \"The Call of Cthulhu\" and progenitor of the Cthulhu Mythos.", "Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth __knowledge__ It is a reimagining of Lovecraft's 1936 novella \"The Shadow over Innsmouth\".", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The survival horror video games series Silent Hill features a large cast of characters.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The games' player characters are \"everymen\", in contrast to action-oriented survival horror video game series featuring combat-trained player characters, such as \"Resident Evil\".", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The games are set in the series' eponymous fictional American town.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ Characters went through several different conceptual phases prior to settling on their final designs seen in the games they first appeared in.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The physical appearances of characters in \"Silent Hill 3\" were created using actors as models.", "List of Silent Hill series characters __knowledge__ The characters of \"Silent Hill\" and \"Silent Hill 2\" were designed by character designer Takayoshi Sato.", "Silent Hill 2 __knowledge__ Silent Hill 2 is a survival horror video game published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 and developed by Team Silent, a production group within Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo.", "Silent Hill 2 __knowledge__ The game was released in September 2001 as the second installment in the \"Silent Hill\" series.", "Silent Hill 2 __knowledge__ An extended version of the game containing a short bonus scenario and other minor additions was published for Xbox in December of the same year.", "Silent Hill 2 __knowledge__ In 2002 it was ported to the Microsoft Windows operating system.", "Silent Hill 2 __knowledge__ A remastered high-definition version of the game was released for the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 in 2012 as part of the \"Silent Hill HD Collection\".", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The 2000s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2009.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The growth of the Internet contributed to globalization during the decade, which allowed faster communication among people around the world.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The economic growth of the 2000s had considerable social, environmental and mass extinction consequences, raised demand for diminishing energy resources, and was still vulnerable, as demonstrated by the financial crisis of 2007–08.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ In the English-speaking world, a name for the decade was never universally accepted in the same manner as for decades such as the '80s, the '90s, etc.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in July 2010 for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ A sequel to the 1998 video game \"StarCraft\" and its expansion set \"\", the game is split into three installments: the base game with the subtitle \"Wings of Liberty\", an expansion pack \"\", and a stand-alone expansion pack \"\".", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ The game revolves around three species: the Terrans, human exiles from Earth; the Zerg, a super-species of assimilated life forms; and the Protoss, a technologically advanced species with vast mental powers.", "Races of StarCraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment's real-time strategy game series \"StarCraft\" revolves around interstellar affairs in a distant sector of the galaxy, with three species and multiple factions all vying for supremacy in the sector.", "Races of StarCraft __knowledge__ The playable species of \"StarCraft\" include the Terrans, humans exiled from Earth who excel at adapting to any situation; the Zerg, a race of insectoids obsessed with assimilating other races in pursuit of genetic perfection; and the Protoss, a humanoid species with advanced technology and psionic abilities, attempting to preserve their civilization and strict philosophical way of living from the Zerg.", "ESports __knowledge__ eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) is a form of competition using video games.", "ESports __knowledge__ Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players.", "ESports __knowledge__ The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).", "ESports __knowledge__ Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Evolution Championship Series and the Intel Extreme Masters provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money to competitors.", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ StarCraft is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment and released for Microsoft Windows on March 31, 1998.", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ The game later spawned a franchise, and is the first game of the \"StarCraft\" series.", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ A Classic Mac OS version was released in 1999, and a Nintendo 64 adaptation co-developed with Mass Media was released on June 13, 2000.", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ Work on the game started shortly after \"\" release in 1995.", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ \"StarCraft\" debuted at the 1996 E3, where it was unfavorably compared to \"Warcraft II\".", "StarCraft (video game) __knowledge__ As a result, the project was entirely overhauled and then showcased to public in early 1997, receiving a far more positive response.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "StarCraft __knowledge__ StarCraft is a military science fiction media franchise, created by Chris Metzen and James Phinney and owned by Blizzard Entertainment.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series, set in the beginning of the 26th century, centers on a galactic struggle for dominance among four species—the adaptable and mobile Terrans, the ever-evolving insectoid Zerg, the powerfully enigmatic Protoss, and the \"god-like\" Xel'Naga creator race—in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The series debuted with the video game \"StarCraft\" in 1998.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Since then it has grown to include a number of other games as well as eight novelizations, two \"Amazing Stories\" articles, a , and other licensed merchandise such as collectible statues and toys.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment began planning \"StarCraft\" in 1995, with a development team led by Metzen and Phinney.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ The game debuted at E3 1996, and used a modified \"\" game engine.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ \"StarCraft\" also marked the creation of Blizzard Entertainment's film department; the game introduced high quality cinematics integral to the storyline of the series.", "StarCraft __knowledge__ Most of the original development team for \"StarCraft\" returned to work on the game's official expansion pack, \"\"; the game's development began shortly after \"StarCraft\" was released.", "Kanalkampf __knowledge__ The Kanalkampf (Channel Battle) was the German name for air operations by the German \"Luftwaffe\" against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel, which marked the beginning of the Battle of Britain in July 1940, during the Second World War.", "Kanalkampf __knowledge__ By 25 June, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia.", "Kanalkampf __knowledge__ Britain rejected peace overtures and on 16 July, Adolf Hitler issued Directive 16 to the \"Wehrmacht\" (German armed forces), ordering preparations for the invasion of Britain, under the codename \"Unternehmen Seelöwe\" (Operation Sea Lion).", "Kanalkampf __knowledge__ The Germans needed air superiority over southern England before the invasion, and the \"Luftwaffe\" was to destroy the RAF, assume command of the skies and protect the cross-channel invasion from the Royal Navy.", "Outlast 2 __knowledge__ Outlast 2 (stylized as OUTLAST) is a first-person survival horror video game developed and published by Red Barrels.", "Outlast 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to the 2013 video game \"Outlast\", and features a journalist named Blake Langermann, along with his wife Lynn, roaming the Arizona desert to explore the murder of a pregnant woman only known as Jane Doe.", "Outlast 2 __knowledge__ Blake and Lynn get separated in a helicopter crash, and Blake has to find his wife while traveling through a village inhabited by a sect that believes the end of days are upon them.", "Outlast 2 __knowledge__ Shortly after the release and popularity of \"Outlast\", Red Barrels announced the sequel.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history __knowledge__ The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid-1930s.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history __knowledge__ It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, a retractable landing gear, and was powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 aero engine.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history __knowledge__ The Bf 109 saw active service in many air forces and was active in several conflicts outside of World War II.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history __knowledge__ Dozens of Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters, including the A, B, C, D, and E variants first saw active service in the Condor Legion against Soviet-supplied aircraft in mid 1937 as a testing ground for the new German fixed-wing fighter plane.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants __knowledge__ Due to the Messerschmitt Bf 109's versatility and time in service with both the Luftwaffe and other foreign air forces, numerous variants were produced over the eight years of service with the Luftwaffe and even more were produced by its foreign users.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants __knowledge__ The Bf 109A was the first version of the Bf 109.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants __knowledge__ Armament was initially planned to be just two cowl-mounted 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 machine guns.", "Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants __knowledge__ However, possibly due to the introduction of the Hurricane and Spitfire, each with eight 7.7 mm (.303 in) machine guns, experiments were carried out with a third machine gun firing through the propeller shaft.", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ The Hardest Day is a name given to a Second World War air battle fought during the Battle of Britain on 18 August 1940 between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force (RAF).", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ By June 1940, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia.", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ Britain rejected overtures for a negotiated peace.", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ Consequently, Adolf Hitler issued the German armed forces (\"Wehrmacht\") Directive No.", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ 16 ordering the invasion of the United Kingdom.", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ The invasion of the United Kingdom was codenamed Operation Sea Lion (\"Unternehmen Seelöwe\").", "The Hardest Day __knowledge__ However, before this could be carried out, air supremacy or air superiority was required.", "Messerschmitt Bf 110 operational history __knowledge__ The Messerschmitt Bf 110, often (erroneously) called Me 110, was a twin-engine heavy fighter (\"Zerstörer\" – German for \"Destroyer\") in the service of the \"Luftwaffe\" during World War II.", "Messerschmitt Bf 110 operational history __knowledge__ Hermann Göring was a proponent of the Bf 110, and nicknamed it his \"Eisenseiten\" (\"Ironsides\").", "Messerschmitt Bf 110 operational history __knowledge__ Development work on an improved type to replace the Bf 110, the Messerschmitt Me 210 began before the war started, but its teething troubles resulted in the Bf 110 soldiering on until the end of the war in various roles, alongside its replacements, the Me 210 and the Me 410.", "Messerschmitt Bf 110 operational history __knowledge__ The Bf 110 served with success in the early campaigns, the Polish, Norwegian and Battle of France.", "Battle of Britain __knowledge__ The Battle of Britain (, literally \"the air battle for England\") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe).", "Battle of Britain __knowledge__ It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces.", "Battle of Britain __knowledge__ The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941.", "Battle of Britain __knowledge__ German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941, including the Blitz.", "Survival horror __knowledge__ Survival horror is a subgenre of video games inspired by horror fiction that focuses on survival of the character as the game tries to frighten players with either horror graphics or scary ambience.", "Survival horror __knowledge__ Although combat can be part of the gameplay, the player is made to feel less in control than in typical action games through limited ammunition, health, speed and vision, or through various obstructions of the player's interaction with the game mechanics.", "Survival horror __knowledge__ The player is also challenged to find items that unlock the path to new areas and solve puzzles to proceed in the game.", "Survival horror __knowledge__ Games make use of strong horror themes, like dark maze-like environments and unexpected attacks from enemies.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ Resident Evil, known as in Japan, is a survival horror video game-based media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara and owned by the video game company Capcom.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ The franchise focuses around a series of survival horror video games, but has since branched out into comic books, novels, novelizations, sound dramas, live-action films, animated sequels to the games, and a variety of associated merchandise, such as action figures.", "Resident Evil __knowledge__ The series' overarching plot focuses on multiple characters, and their roles in recurring outbreaks of zombies and other monsters, initially due to the release of the T-virus, but still more biological weapons over time, created mainly by the fictional Umbrella Corporation and various other organizations in later games.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ Mikami grew up in the Yamaguchi Prefecture of Honshū island.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ As a child, Mikami wanted to be a Formula One driver.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ He was also “obsessed” with the horror genre and films, such as \"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre\" and \"The Evil Dead\".", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ Studying karate and kendo as a teenager, he studied product and merchandise at university.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ Mikami graduated from Doshisha University, where he majored in the study of merchandise.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ Mikami attended a meet-and-greet for college graduates hosted by Capcom, and was interested in the presentation enough to apply.", "Shinji Mikami __knowledge__ His application was initially rejected, then he was hired by Capcom a week later “out of the blue,” according to Mikami.", "Resident Evil 4 __knowledge__ Resident Evil 4, known in Japan as Biohazard 4, is a third-person shooter survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom.", "Resident Evil 4 __knowledge__ The sixth major installment in the \"Resident Evil\" series, the game was originally released for the GameCube in North America and Japan in January 2005, and in Europe and Australia in March 2005.", "Resident Evil 4 __knowledge__ The story of \"Resident Evil 4\" follows the U.S. government special agent Leon S. Kennedy, who is sent on a mission to rescue Ashley Graham, the U.S. President's daughter whom a sinister cult has kidnapped.", "Resident Evil 4 __knowledge__ Traveling to a rural area of Spain, Leon fights hordes of violent villagers and reunites with the mysterious spy Ada Wong.", "Resident Evil (1996 video game) __knowledge__ Resident Evil, known in Japan as Bio Hazard, is a survival horror video game developed and released by Capcom originally for the PlayStation in 1996, and is the first game in the \"Resident Evil\" series.", "Resident Evil (1996 video game) __knowledge__ It is Capcom's best-selling debut game, with sales of over 8.5 million copies worldwide.", "Resident Evil (1996 video game) __knowledge__ The game's plot follows Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine, members of an elite task force known as S.T.A.R.S., as they investigate the outskirts of Raccoon City following the disappearance of their team members.", "Resident Evil (1996 video game) __knowledge__ They soon become trapped in a mansion infested with zombies and other monsters.", "Resident Evil (1996 video game) __knowledge__ The player, having selected to play as Chris or Jill at the start of the game, must explore the mansion to uncover its secrets.", "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard __knowledge__ Resident Evil 7: Biohazard is a survival horror game developed and published by Capcom, released in January 2017 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard __knowledge__ Following the more action-oriented \"Resident Evil 5\" and \"Resident Evil 6\", \"Resident Evil 7\" returns to the franchise's survival horror roots, with an emphasis on exploration.", "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard __knowledge__ The player controls Ethan Winters as he searches for his wife in a derelict plantation occupied by the cannibalistic Baker family, solving puzzles and fighting enemies.", "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard __knowledge__ It is the first main \"Resident Evil\" game to use a first-person perspective.", "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard __knowledge__ Led by Koshi Nakanishi, the director of \"\", the development team consisted of about 120 people.", "Resident Evil 2 __knowledge__ Resident Evil 2, known in Japan as Biohazard 2, is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom and released for the PlayStation in 1998.", "Resident Evil 2 __knowledge__ The player controls Leon S Kennedy and Claire Redfield, who must escape Raccoon City after its citizens are transformed into zombies by a biological weapon two months after the events of the original \"Resident Evil.\"", "Resident Evil 2 __knowledge__ The gameplay focuses on exploration, puzzles, and combat; the main difference from its predecessor are the branching paths, with each player character having unique storylines and obstacles.", "Resident Evil 2 __knowledge__ \"Resident Evil 2\" was directed by Hideki Kamiya, produced by Shinji Mikami — director of the first \"Resident Evil\" — and developed by a team of 40–50 over 21 months." ] ]

[ 0, 14, 13 ]

[ "I like to play video games and starcraft is one of my favorites. ", "Do you like Resident Evil the survival horror game? ", "Outlast is that first person survival horror game made by Red Barrels, that is also a good one. " ]

[ "StarCraft", "StarCraft", "StarCraft" ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers\nDo you like the band Red Hot Chili Peppers? I think their music is quite wonderful.", "Yes, they have such a unique sounds with elements of funk and jazz. What music do you like?", "Cool, what kind of rap? I used to listen to Snoop Dogg and Ice T in the 90s.", "Dre is pretty awesome. I'm so glad he discovered Snoop and developed many other rappers in Death Row Records.", "Yeah, I'm a big fan of Eminem and 2Pac. So sad 2Pac was killed in his prime." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid-1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B).", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground.", "Funk __knowledge__ Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Jazz fusion __knowledge__ Jazz fusion (also known as fusion) is a musical genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined aspects of jazz harmony and improvisation with styles such as funk, rock, rhythm and blues, and Latin jazz.", "Jazz fusion __knowledge__ During this time many jazz musicians began experimenting with electric instruments and amplified sound for the first time, as well as electronic effects and synthesizers.", "Jazz fusion __knowledge__ Many of the developments during the late 1960s and early 1970s have since become established elements of jazz fusion musical practice.", "Jazz fusion __knowledge__ Fusion arrangements vary in complexity—some employ groove-based vamps fixed to a single key, or even a single chord, with a simple melodic motif (a \"lick\").", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "By the Way __knowledge__ By the Way is the eighth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "By the Way __knowledge__ The album was released July 9, 2002 on Warner Bros. Records.", "By the Way __knowledge__ It sold more than 286,000 copies in the first week, and peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 (their next album would peak at number one).", "By the Way __knowledge__ Singles from the album included \"By the Way,\" \"The Zephyr Song,\" \"Can't Stop,\" \"Dosed\" and \"Universally Speaking.\"", "By the Way __knowledge__ The lyrical subject matter vocalist Anthony Kiedis addresses in \"By the Way\" is a divergence from previous Chili Peppers albums, with Kiedis taking a more candid and reflective approach to his lyrics.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ Californication is the seventh studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 8, 1999, on Warner Bros. Records and was produced by Rick Rubin.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ \"Californication\" marked the return of John Frusciante, who had previously appeared on \"Mother's Milk\" and \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\", to replace Dave Navarro as the band's guitarist.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ Frusciante's return was credited with changing the band's sound altogether, producing a notable shift in style from the music recorded with Navarro.", "Californication (album) __knowledge__ The album's subject material incorporated various sexual innuendos commonly associated with the band, but also contained more varied themes than previous outings, including lust, death, contemplations of suicide, California, drugs, globalization, and travel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, television personality, and actor.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre, and as a result he was featured on Dre's solo debut, \"Deep Cover\", and then on Dr. Dre's solo debut album, \"The Chronic\".", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Snoop's debut album, \"Doggystyle\", produced by Dr. Dre and released in 1993 through Death Row Records, debuted at number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ The Chronic is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist Dr. Dre.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ It was released on December 15, 1992, by his own record label Death Row Records and distributed by Interscope Records and Priority Records.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place in June 1992 at Death Row Studios in Los Angeles and at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ The album is named after a slang term for high-grade cannabis, and its cover is a homage to Zig-Zag rolling papers.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ It was Dr. Dre's first solo album after he had departed from hip hop group N.W.A and its label Ruthless Records over a financial dispute.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ Death Row Records (formerly Future Shock Entertainment and Tha Row Records) was an American record company founded in 1991 by Suge Knight and other associates, record label almost instantly became a sensation by releasing a succession of multi-platinum hip-hop albums from West Coast-based artists such as Dr. Dre (\"The Chronic\"), Snoop Dogg (\"Doggystyle\"), Tupac Shakur (\"All Eyez on Me\"), Tha Dogg Pound (\"Dogg Food\") and others during the early-to-mid-1990s.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ At its peak, Death Row Records was making over $100,000,000 a year, but by the late 90s the label began to decline in the wake of the shooting death of its star artist Tupac Shakur and imprisonment of co-founder Suge Knight.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ Tha Dogg Pound is an American hip hop duo formed in 1992, made up of West Coast rappers Kurupt and Daz Dillinger (formerly Dat Nigga Daz).", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ They were signed to Death Row Records in their early careers and were key to the label's success.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ The duo made their first appearance on Dr. Dre's highly acclaimed debut album \"The Chronic\" (1992), appearing on several songs.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ They also appeared on Snoop Dogg's debut album \"Doggystyle\" (1993), and the Death Row soundtracks \"Murder Was the Case\" and \"Above the Rim\".", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ Their debut album \"Dogg Food\" was released in 1995.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ It was another addition to the controversy of hardcore hip hop due to the sexual and violent lyrics and went on to sell two million albums.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old.", "Josh Klinghoffer __knowledge__ Josh Adam Klinghoffer (born October 3, 1979) is an American musician best known as the current guitarist for the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, with whom he has recorded two studio albums, \"I'm with You\" (2011) and \"The Getaway\" (2016), and the b-sides compilation, \"I'm Beside You\" (2013).", "Josh Klinghoffer __knowledge__ Klinghoffer replaced his friend and frequent collaborator John Frusciante in 2009, after a period as a touring member.", "Josh Klinghoffer __knowledge__ Klinghoffer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2012, becoming the Hall of Fame's youngest-ever living inductee at age 32, passing Stevie Wonder, who was 38 when he was inducted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ Death Row Records (formerly Future Shock Entertainment and Tha Row Records) was an American record company founded in 1991 by Suge Knight and other associates, record label almost instantly became a sensation by releasing a succession of multi-platinum hip-hop albums from West Coast-based artists such as Dr. Dre (\"The Chronic\"), Snoop Dogg (\"Doggystyle\"), Tupac Shakur (\"All Eyez on Me\"), Tha Dogg Pound (\"Dogg Food\") and others during the early-to-mid-1990s.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ At its peak, Death Row Records was making over $100,000,000 a year, but by the late 90s the label began to decline in the wake of the shooting death of its star artist Tupac Shakur and imprisonment of co-founder Suge Knight.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, television personality, and actor.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre, and as a result he was featured on Dre's solo debut, \"Deep Cover\", and then on Dr. Dre's solo debut album, \"The Chronic\".", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Snoop's debut album, \"Doggystyle\", produced by Dr. Dre and released in 1993 through Death Row Records, debuted at number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ Tha Dogg Pound is an American hip hop duo formed in 1992, made up of West Coast rappers Kurupt and Daz Dillinger (formerly Dat Nigga Daz).", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ They were signed to Death Row Records in their early careers and were key to the label's success.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ The duo made their first appearance on Dr. Dre's highly acclaimed debut album \"The Chronic\" (1992), appearing on several songs.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ They also appeared on Snoop Dogg's debut album \"Doggystyle\" (1993), and the Death Row soundtracks \"Murder Was the Case\" and \"Above the Rim\".", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ Their debut album \"Dogg Food\" was released in 1995.", "Tha Dogg Pound __knowledge__ It was another addition to the controversy of hardcore hip hop due to the sexual and violent lyrics and went on to sell two million albums.", "Suge Knight __knowledge__ Marion Hugh \"Suge\" Knight Jr. (; born April 19, 1965) is an American record producer, music executive, and a former replacement player as an American football defensive end for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL).", "Suge Knight __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and former CEO of Death Row Records.", "Suge Knight __knowledge__ Death Row Records rose to dominate the rap charts after Dr. Dre's breakthrough album \"The Chronic\" in 1992.", "Suge Knight __knowledge__ After several years of chart successes for artists including Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Outlawz and Tha Dogg Pound, Death Row Records stagnated after Knight's incarceration on probation violation charges in September 1996 and went bankrupt in 2006.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Tupac Amaru Shakur ( ) (born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper, poet and actor.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Shakur sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ His double disc albums \"All Eyez on Me\" (1996) and his \"Greatest Hits\" (1998) are among the best-selling albums in the United States.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Shakur is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time and he has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of any genre by many publications, including \"Rolling Stone\", which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Beats Electronics __knowledge__ Beats Electronics (formerly Beats by Dr. Dre, or simply Beats by Dre) is a subsidiary of Apple Inc. that produces audio products.", "Beats Electronics __knowledge__ Headquartered in Culver City, California, U.S., the company was founded by music producer and rapper Dr. Dre and former Interscope Geffen A&M Records chairman Jimmy Iovine.", "Beats Electronics __knowledge__ The subsidiary's product line is primarily focused on headphones and speakers.", "Beats Electronics __knowledge__ The company's original product line was manufactured in partnership with the AV equipment company Monster Cable Products.", "Beats Electronics __knowledge__ Following the end of its contract with the company, Beats took further development of its products in-house.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" 200 and five number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Eminem __knowledge__ With 47.4 million albums sold in the US and 155 million records globally, he is among the world's best-selling artists.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the only artist to have eight albums consecutively debut at No.", "Eminem __knowledge__ 1 on the Billboard 200.", "Straight Outta Compton (film) __knowledge__ Straight Outta Compton is a 2015 American biographical film directed by F. Gary Gray, depicting the career of gangsta rap group N.W.A.", "Straight Outta Compton (film) __knowledge__ Titled after N.W.A's 1988 debut studio album, the film focuses on members Eazy-E, Ice Cube, and Dr. Dre, and the rise and fall of the group.", "Straight Outta Compton (film) __knowledge__ Members of N.W.A were involved in making the film, including Ice Cube and Dr. Dre as producers, as was Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright, while MC Ren and DJ Yella served as creative consultants.", "Straight Outta Compton (film) __knowledge__ Ice Cube is portrayed by his son, O'Shea Jackson Jr., with Corey Hawkins as Dr. Dre and Jason Mitchell as Eazy-E. Paul Giamatti also stars as N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller.", "Doctor's Advocate __knowledge__ Doctor's Advocate is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist The Game, released on November 14, 2006 through Geffen Records.", "Doctor's Advocate __knowledge__ The album is his second major-label release, following 2005's \"The Documentary\", which was released on Aftermath/G-Unit.", "Doctor's Advocate __knowledge__ Due to his disputes with 50 Cent, Game left Aftermath/G-Unit and signed with Geffen Records, another label under Universal Music Group's Interscope-Geffen-A&M division to terminate his contractual obligations with G-Unit, in the summer of 2006.", "Doctor's Advocate __knowledge__ Despite the absence of Dr. Dre, who executive produced Game's debut record, \"The Documentary\", the album featured production by four other returning producers—Kanye West, Just Blaze, Scott Storch and Hi-Tek—as well as will.i.am and Swizz Beatz.", "The Game (rapper) __knowledge__ Jayceon Terrell Taylor (born November 29, 1979), better known by his stage name The Game (or simply Game), is an American rapper and actor.", "The Game (rapper) __knowledge__ The Game is best known as a rapper in the West Coast hip hop scene and for being one of Dr. Dre's signers under Aftermath Records.", "The Game (rapper) __knowledge__ Born in Compton, California, he released his first mixtape \"You Know What It Is Vol.", "The Game (rapper) __knowledge__ 1\" in 2002; shortly after, he was signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment label.", "The Game (rapper) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in 2005 with the success of his major-label debut album \"The Documentary\" and found continued success with the 2006 follow-up \"Doctor's Advocate\".", "Stat Quo __knowledge__ Stanley Benton (born July 24, 1978), better known as Stat Quo, is an American rapper, producer, songwriter, and entrepreneur.", "Stat Quo __knowledge__ Benton worked his way to college and attended University of Florida, where he majored in economics and international business in 2000.", "Stat Quo __knowledge__ Benton was contemplating law school, until veteran Southern rapper Scarface encouraged him to rap professionally.", "Stat Quo __knowledge__ In February 2003, Stat Quo released his first installment of the \"Underground Atlanta Mixtapes\" and caught the attention of Aftermath Entertainment associate Mel-Man.", "Stat Quo __knowledge__ When Stat Quo was in L.A. performing at Encore, Mel-Man invited him to Record One Studios where he met Dr. Dre." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "I Ain't Mad at Cha __knowledge__ \"I Ain't Mad at Cha\" is a song by rapper 2Pac released shortly after his death as the sixth single from his album \"All Eyez on Me\".", "I Ain't Mad at Cha __knowledge__ It was also his last single using the stage name 2Pac.", "I Ain't Mad at Cha __knowledge__ The song features contemporary soul singer Danny Boy who provided the vocals for the song's hook.", "I Ain't Mad at Cha __knowledge__ The song did well in the United Kingdom, reaching the number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and on the UK R&B Charts peaking at number 3.", "I Ain't Mad at Cha __knowledge__ It was not released as a single in the United States, thus making it ineligible to chart on the \"Billboard\" singles charts (due to chart rules at the time), but reached numbers 18 and 58 in the R&B and Pop Airplay charts, respectively.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" 200 and five number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Eminem __knowledge__ With 47.4 million albums sold in the US and 155 million records globally, he is among the world's best-selling artists.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the only artist to have eight albums consecutively debut at No.", "Eminem __knowledge__ 1 on the Billboard 200.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Tupac Amaru Shakur ( ) (born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper, poet and actor.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Shakur sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ His double disc albums \"All Eyez on Me\" (1996) and his \"Greatest Hits\" (1998) are among the best-selling albums in the United States.", "Tupac Shakur __knowledge__ Shakur is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time and he has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of any genre by many publications, including \"Rolling Stone\", which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ Death Row Records (formerly Future Shock Entertainment and Tha Row Records) was an American record company founded in 1991 by Suge Knight and other associates, record label almost instantly became a sensation by releasing a succession of multi-platinum hip-hop albums from West Coast-based artists such as Dr. Dre (\"The Chronic\"), Snoop Dogg (\"Doggystyle\"), Tupac Shakur (\"All Eyez on Me\"), Tha Dogg Pound (\"Dogg Food\") and others during the early-to-mid-1990s.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ At its peak, Death Row Records was making over $100,000,000 a year, but by the late 90s the label began to decline in the wake of the shooting death of its star artist Tupac Shakur and imprisonment of co-founder Suge Knight.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ Bobby “Bobcat” Ervin (born December 13, 1967), professionally known as Bobcat or DJ Bobcat, is a Grammy Award winner and multi-platinum Producer, songwriter, DJ, artist and music executive.", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ He has worked with musicians such as Clive Davis, Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, Lyor Cohen, Steve Rifkind, Madonna, Guy Oseary, Jermaine Dupri and has written and produced Songs for artists such as: LL Cool J, Ice Cube, Mack 10, Tupac, Mc Ren, Sir Mix A Lot, K9 Posse, Breeze, Nas, King T, Kam, Candyman, YoYo Recording Artists and countless Record Labels.", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ Also artist such as Jagged Edge, Bow Wow, Usher, Kid Rock and Master P. Ever since the early 80’s Bobcat has been involved in Hip Hop, beginning in Los Angeles with West Coast icons and pioneers Uncle Jamms Army DJaying and promoting large dances and concerts with over 15,000 people at the Los Angeles Sports Arena for Run–D.M.C., Whodini, Ice-T, Kurtis Blow and many more, establishing the very beginning of the Hip Hop scene on the West Coast.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ Alvin Nathaniel Joiner (born September 18, 1974), better known by his stage name Xzibit (pronounced \"exhibit\"), is an American rapper, actor, television host, radio personality and record producer.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ He is known as the host of the MTV show \"Pimp My Ride\", which brought him mainstream success.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ Before hosting the show, he achieved fame in the West Coast hip-hop scene as a rapper, debuting with his acclaimed \"At the Speed of Life\" and gathering chart success with his follow-up albums \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz, Restless\", \"Man vs. Machine\" and \"Weapons of Mass Destruction\", working with high-profile artists such as Eminem, Cypress Hill, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Knoc-turn'al, Timbaland, Limp Bizkit, Alice Cooper, Game, 50 Cent and Within Temptation, as well as being one of the first rappers to work internationally, collaborating with overseas acts such as Russian rapper Timati, Raptile from Germany and Bliss N Eso from Australia.", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter.", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Raised in Compton, California, Lamar embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot, releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE).", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ He began to gain recognition in 2010, after his first retail release, \"Overly Dedicated\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ The following year, he independently released his first studio album, \"Section.80\", which included his debut single, \"HiiiPoWeR\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ By that time, he had amassed a large online following and collaborated with several prominent artists in the hip hop industry, including The Game, Busta Rhymes, and Snoop Dogg.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ Oxymoron is the third studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album was released on February 25, 2014, by Top Dawg Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ \"Oxymoron\" was his first album released under a major record label to music retailers, whereas his previous albums were released independently to digital retailers only.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album's recording took place from June 2012 through 2013.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ Schoolboy Q enlisted collaborators such as Kendrick Lamar, 2 Chainz, ASAP Rocky, Jay Rock, Tyler, the Creator and Kurupt, among others.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was handled by high-profile record producers such as Boi-1da, The Alchemist, Mike Will Made It, Clams Casino, Nez & Rio, DJ Dahi and Pharrell, as well as others, including members of Top Dawg Entertainment's in-house production teams Digi+Phonics and THC.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The Marshall Mathers LP 2 is the eighth studio album by American rapper Eminem.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ It was released on November 5, 2013 by Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records and Interscope Records.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ It serves as a sequel to \"The Marshall Mathers LP\" (2000).", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The album's production and its recording sessions were conducted from 2012 to 2013, involving Eminem himself, along with several record producers including Rick Rubin, Luis Resto, Emile Haynie, and Alex da Kid.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ \"The Marshall Mathers LP 2\" features guest appearances from singers Skylar Grey, Rihanna, Nate Ruess, and rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The album title was revealed during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards on August 25, 2013, alongside a preview of the lead single \"Berzerk\", which subsequently peaked at number 3 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 19, 13, 14 ]

[ "I am not a fan of American rock but i like Red Hot Chili Peppers because of their funk style ", "I like Rap music. By the way I like the fact that Red Hot Chili Peppers were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "I love Dr Dre and many artist in his Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "No only snoop dog. What about 2Pac, The D.O.C. Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "I am so sorry for him too. But Dre still have artiste left for us .Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in United States." ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers" ]

[ "New Hampshire\nI grew up in North Hampshire and I thought it was a cool place to grow up.", "Yes, I liked the small quaint feeling of growing up there.", "It sure is! The drivers there are pretty competent too.", "I have been to a few caverns but I have never been to a quarry.", "Yes! The tax rules are pretty great there." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "South East England __knowledge__ South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.", "South East England __knowledge__ It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.", "South East England __knowledge__ As with the other regions of England, apart from Greater London, the south east has no elected government.", "South East England __knowledge__ It is the third largest region of England, with an area of 19,096 km (7,373 sq mi), and is also the most populous with a total population of over eight and a half million (2011).", "South East England __knowledge__ The headquarters for the region's governmental bodies are in Guildford, and the region contains seven cities: Brighton and Hove, Canterbury, Chichester, Oxford, Portsmouth, Southampton and Winchester, though other major settlements include Reading and Milton Keynes.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ Basingstoke ( ) is the largest town in Hampshire.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ It is situated in south central England, and lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ It is located northeast of Southampton, southwest of London, and northeast of the county town and former capital Winchester.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ According to the 2016 population estimate the town had a population of 113,776.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ Basingstoke is often nicknamed \"Doughnut City\" or \"Roundabout City\" because of the number of large roundabouts.", "Basingstoke __knowledge__ Basingstoke is an old market town expanded in the mid 1960s as a result of an agreement between London County Council and Hampshire County Council.", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ Healthcare in Hampshire is now the responsibility of six Clinical Commissioning Groups based in Southampton, Portsmouth, North East Hampshire and Farnham, South Eastern Hampshire, West Hampshire and North Hampshire .", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ From 1947 to 1965 NHS services in Hampshire were managed by South-West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board.", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ In 1965 a new Board was formed for Wessex which covered Hampshire.", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ In 1974 the Boards were abolished and replaced by Regional Health Authorities.", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ Hampshire came under the Wessex RHA.", "Healthcare in Hampshire __knowledge__ Regions were reorganised in 1996 and Hampshire came under the South and West Regional Health Authority.", "Royal Hampshire Regiment __knowledge__ The Hampshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot and the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot.", "Royal Hampshire Regiment __knowledge__ The regiment existed continuously for 111 years and served in the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II.", "Royal Hampshire Regiment __knowledge__ In 1946, due to distinguished service in World War II, the regiment was retitled as the Royal Hampshire Regiment.", "Royal Hampshire Regiment __knowledge__ On 9 September 1992, after over 111 years of service, the Royal Hampshire Regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Regiment to form a new large regiment, the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment, which continues the traditions of the Royal Hampshires.", "Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital __knowledge__ Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital (BNHH) is a 450-bed National Health Service (NHS) hospital in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England run by Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.", "Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital __knowledge__ It employs around 2,800 staff.", "Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital __knowledge__ Each year it has around 47,000 admissions, sees 43,000 patients in the Emergency Department, sees around 175,000 outpatients and delivers over 2,800 babies.", "Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital __knowledge__ In 1999 BNHH became the first hospital in Europe to perform surgery using equipment operated by voice commands.", "Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital __knowledge__ In 2002 a new education centre, The Ark Centre, was opened on the hospital campus, run by the North Hampshire Medical Education Trust, a registered charity.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule is a one of the major cities in India and a municipal corporation in Dhule District in the northwestern part known as Khandesh of Maharashtra state, India.The town planning of this city was done by Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.", "Dhule __knowledge__ The city, with industrial areas, schools, hospitals, supermarkets and residential areas, has communications and transport infrastructures.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule has a municipal corporation.", "Dhule __knowledge__ According to the 2011 census, Dhule has a population of 2,050,862 of which male and female are 1,054,031 and 996,831 respectively.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule is largely emerging as one of the upcoming hubs of textile, edible oil, and power-loom across the state and has gained a strategic advantage for being on the junction of three National Highways viz.", "37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot __knowledge__ The 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in Ireland in February 1702.", "37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot __knowledge__ Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot to become the Hampshire Regiment (later the Royal Hampshire Regiment) in 1881.", "37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot __knowledge__ The regiment was raised in Ireland by Lieutenant-General Thomas Meredyth as Meredyth's Regiment in February 1702.", "37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot __knowledge__ It embarked for the Netherlands in May 1703 and fought under the Duke of Marlborough at the Battle of Schellenberg in July 1704, the Battle of Blenheim in August 1704 and the Battle of Ramillies in May 1706 as well as the Battle of Oudenarde in July 1708 and the Battle of Malplaquet in September 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ This page lists the characters that appear in \"Star Wars Rebels\".", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ Ezra Bridger (voiced by Taylor Gray) is a 15-year-old human street urchin and con-artist with Force abilities, whose parents were imprisoned by Imperial forces.", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ The episode \"Empire Day\" reveals he was born the same day Palpatine officiated the Galactic Empire.", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ At the start of the series, his main motivation is find his parents.", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ In the pilot episode the Jedi padawan Kanan Jarrus decides to take him as his apprentice.", "List of Star Wars Rebels characters __knowledge__ In \"Path of the Jedi\", Ezra is formally inducted into the Jedi Order, when Yoda's voice helps him to find a kyber crystal to create his first lightsaber, which after being constructed, is blue and features a built-in stun blaster patterned after his street urchin trademark weapon, an energy slingshot.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds is a real-time strategy video game set in the Star Wars universe.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ It was developed by \"Age of Empires\" developer Ensemble Studios and LucasArts, who also published the game in North America.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ The Japanese version published by Electronic Arts and Squaresoft Joint Venture Electronic Arts Square.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ It was released in November 11, 2001.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ An expansion pack, \"Clone Campaigns\", was released in May 14, 2002, adding two new factions and campaigns.", "Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds __knowledge__ Later that year, both \"Galactic Battlegrounds\" and \"Clone Campaigns\" were released in a box set, \"Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds Saga\".", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ Darth Maul is a fictional character in the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ Trained as Darth Sidious's first apprentice, he serves as a Sith Lord and a master of wielding a double-bladed lightsaber.", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ He first appears in \"\" (portrayed by Ray Park and voiced by Peter Serafinowicz), as the main antagonist.", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ Darth Maul later makes appearances in \"\" and \"Star Wars Rebels\", voiced by Samuel Witwer.", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ After getting frustrated with a drawing of production designer Gavin Bocquet, Iain McCaig started covering it in tape.", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ Both he and Lucas liked the result, described as \"a kind of Rorschach pattern\".", "Darth Maul __knowledge__ The final drawing had McCaig's own face, with the skin removed, and some Rorschach experimentation (dropping ink onto paper, folding it in half then opening).", "Stars Hollow __knowledge__ Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show \"Gilmore Girls\".", "Stars Hollow __knowledge__ It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics, located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford.", "Stars Hollow __knowledge__ The show's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot, Connecticut; Kent, Connecticut; and New Milford, Connecticut to create the town, which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California.", "Stars Hollow __knowledge__ In the center of the town is a town square, complete with a gazebo and a statue of Casimir Pulaski.", "Stars Hollow __knowledge__ According to Luke, Stars Hollow has \"twelve stores... devoted entirely to peddling porcelain unicorns.\"", "Yezi __knowledge__ Lee Ye-ji (born August 26, 1994), better known by her stage name Yezi, is a South Korean rapper and singer.", "Yezi __knowledge__ She debuted as a member of South Korean girl group Fiestar in 2012.", "Yezi __knowledge__ Yezi was a semi-finalist on \"Unpretty Rapstar 2\" in 2015, during which she released several singles.", "Yezi __knowledge__ Her debut solo maxi single, \"Foresight Dream\", was released on January 28, 2016.", "Yezi __knowledge__ Yezi was born in Gangneung, Gangwon Province and grew up there.", "Yezi __knowledge__ She was a student at Kang Won-rae Dance School and learned dancing from Clon.", "Yezi __knowledge__ She traveled four hours to Seoul every weekend to perform as a backup dancer for singers such as and Hong Kyung-min.", "Fraser Town, Bangalore __knowledge__ Fraser Town (sometimes corrupted as Frazer Town, officially Pulakeshinagar), is a suburb of Bangalore Cantonment, in Bangalore North-East, spread over 4 km2.", "Fraser Town, Bangalore __knowledge__ It was established in 1906 and is named after Stuart Mitford Fraser (1864-1963), who was the tutor and guardian of Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore.", "Fraser Town, Bangalore __knowledge__ Fraser Town was established to de-congest the growing Bangalore Civil and Military Station (otherwise known as the Bangalore Cantonment).", "Fraser Town, Bangalore __knowledge__ The foundation of Fraser Town was laid in August 1910 by Mrs. F J Richards, with a commemorative plaque on the corner of Coles Road and Mosque Road .", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ It borders the U.S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Lake Champlain forms half of Vermont's western border with New York.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The Green Mountains run north-south for the length of the state.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont is the second smallest by population and the sixth smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state.", "New England __knowledge__ New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.", "New England __knowledge__ It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north, respectively.", "New England __knowledge__ The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south.", "New England __knowledge__ Boston is New England's largest city as well as the capital of Massachusetts.", "New England __knowledge__ The largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence (the capital and largest city of Rhode Island), with nearly a third of the entire region's population.", "Electoral College (United States) __knowledge__ The United States Electoral College is the mechanism established by the United States Constitution for the indirect election of the president and vice president of the United States.", "Electoral College (United States) __knowledge__ Citizens vote in each state and the District of Columbia at a general election to choose a slate of \"electors\" who are pledged to vote for a particular party's candidate.", "Electoral College (United States) __knowledge__ The Twelfth Amendment requires each elector to cast one vote for president and another vote for vice president.", "Electoral College (United States) __knowledge__ In each state and the District of Columbia, electors are chosen every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, and then meet to cast ballots on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.", "County (United States) __knowledge__ In the United States, an administrative or political subdivision of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority.", "County (United States) __knowledge__ The term \"county\" is used in 48 U.S. states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called parishes and boroughs respectively.", "County (United States) __knowledge__ Most counties have subdivisions which may include municipalities and unincorporated areas.", "County (United States) __knowledge__ Others have no further divisions, or may serve as a consolidated city-county.", "County (United States) __knowledge__ Some municipalities are in multiple counties; New York City is uniquely partitioned into multiple counties, referred to at the city government level as boroughs.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Pennsylvania (; Pennsylvania German: \"Pennsylvaani\" or \"Pennsilfaani\"), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.", "Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest, the 5th-most populous, and the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "Jackson's mongoose __knowledge__ Jackson's mongoose (\"Bdeogale jacksoni\") is a species of mongoose belonging to the genus \"Bdeogale\".", "Jackson's mongoose __knowledge__ Discovered in 1889 by Frederick John Jackson, Oldfield Thomas in 1894 described it as \"Galeriscus jacksoni\".", "Jackson's mongoose __knowledge__ It is most closely related to the black-footed mongoose of the same subgenus \"Galeriscus\" and both are sometimes united in a single species.", "Jackson's mongoose __knowledge__ With a head and body length of more than and a body weight of , it is a large mongoose.", "Jackson's mongoose __knowledge__ Its long and dense fur is grizzled black and white, the cheeks, the throat and the sides of the neck are very yellowish, the legs are dark brown or black, and the bushy tail is white.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ The bushy-tailed mongoose (\"Bdeogale crassicauda\") is a mammal in the family Herpestidae found in central Africa, from southern Kenya to central Mozambique.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ It has dense brown/black fur, short wooly ears, and a plush muzzle.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ It is often under reported because of its small size, strict nocturnal activity, and elusiveness.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ This species is not sexually dimorphic in color but there are slight differences in size.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ Martinoli et al.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ Tail is wide and bushy, They and their other closely related cousin, the Black- footed mongoose, have large posterior cusps on their p3 tooth.", "Bushy-tailed mongoose __knowledge__ These expanded molars indicate that it is primarily an insectivore, although other carnivorous habits have been documented.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ Robert Majzels (born May 12, 1950) is a Canadian novelist, poet, playwright and translator.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ Majzels was born in Montreal, Quebec.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ In 1986, he graduated with a Master's degree in English Literature from Concordia University in Montreal, where he would later teach creative writing for thirteen years.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ Between 2000 and 2002, he lived in Beijing, China and studied Chinese.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ He currently lives in Calgary, Alberta in Canada and teaches at the University of Calgary.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ Majzels is strongly influenced by critical and literary theory.", "Robert Majzels __knowledge__ His works explore both the limits of language and narrative forms and their ethical repercussions.", "Bdeogale __knowledge__ Bdeogale is a genus of three species of mongoose native to the rainforests of central Africa and western Africa.", "Bdeogale __knowledge__ They are primarily terrestrial and insectivorous.", "Bdeogale __knowledge__ The Sokoke bushy-tailed mongoose, \"Bdeogale omnivora\", is sometimes treated as a subspecies of \"B. crassicauda\", but is treated as a separate species by the IUCN.", "Bdeogale __knowledge__ The IUCN Red List lists \"B. jacksoni\" as vulnerable, and \"B. crassicauda\" as endangered, due largely to habitat loss and fragmentation.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ Travis Touchdown is a video game antihero and the main protagonist of the video game franchise \"No More Heroes\".", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ 27 years old in the original game, he is both an otaku and a professional assassin, wielding a Beam Katana.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He was created by Goichi Suda, and voiced by Kazuya Nakai in Japanese and Robin Atkin Downes in most English-language appearances.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He later appeared in the 2010 video game \"\", and will reappear in the upcoming 2018 video game \"\".", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He is named after the protagonist of the film \"Paris, Texas\" directed by Wim Wenders.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He lives a lifestyle that is often compared to those of average people because of his obsession with anime, professional wrestling, pornography, and action figures; however, this lifestyle has also been called an \"uber male fantasy.\"", "Machado River (Minas Gerais) __knowledge__ The Machado River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.", "Wooley v. Maynard __knowledge__ Wooley v. Maynard, , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that New Hampshire could not constitutionally require citizens to display the state motto upon their license plates when the state motto was offensive to their moral convictions.", "Wooley v. Maynard __knowledge__ Since 1969 New Hampshire has required that noncommercial vehicles bear license plates embossed with the state motto, \"Live Free or Die.\"", "Wooley v. Maynard __knowledge__ Another New Hampshire statute made it a misdemeanor \"knowingly [to obscure] ... the figures or letters on any number plate.\"", "Wooley v. Maynard __knowledge__ The term \"letters\" in this section had been interpreted by the State's highest court in \"State v. Hoskin\" to include the state motto.", "Vehicle registration plates of the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, license plates are issued by a department of motor vehicles, or the Motor Vehicle Agency, in the case of Maryland, an agency of the state or territorial government, or in the case of the District of Columbia, the city government.", "Vehicle registration plates of the United States __knowledge__ Some American Indian tribes also issue plates.", "Vehicle registration plates of the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. federal government issues plates only for its own vehicle fleet and for vehicles owned by foreign diplomats.", "Vehicle registration plates of the United States __knowledge__ Until the 1980s, diplomatic plates were issued by the state in which the consulate or embassy was located.", "Vehicle registration plates of the United States __knowledge__ The appearances of plates are frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction.", "Live Free or Die __knowledge__ \"Live Free or Die\" is the official motto of the U.S. state of New Hampshire, adopted by the state in 1945.", "Live Free or Die __knowledge__ It is possibly the best-known of all state mottos, partly because it conveys an assertive independence historically found in American political philosophy and partly because of its contrast to the milder sentiments found in other state mottos.", "Live Free or Die __knowledge__ The phrase was adopted from a toast written by General John Stark, New Hampshire's most famous soldier of the American Revolutionary War, on July 31, 1809.", "Live Free or Die __knowledge__ Poor health forced Stark to decline an invitation to an anniversary reunion of the Battle of Bennington.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ Live Free or Die Hard (released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America) is a 2007 American action film, and the fourth installment in the \"Die Hard\" film series.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film was directed by Len Wiseman and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film's name was adapted from New Hampshire's state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ McClane is attempting to stop cyber terrorists who hack into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal to start a \"fire sale\" of financial assets.", "Live Free or Die Hard __knowledge__ The film was based on the 1997 article \"A Farewell to Arms\" written for \"Wired\" magazine by John Carlin.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ Vehicle registration plates in Hungary are usually consisting of six characters on white background with black letters.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ The current system was introduced in 1990.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ The standard license plates for private vehicles carry three letters and three numbers, separated with a hyphen.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ The combination has no connection with geographic location.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ Plates issued 1958 to 1990 were in the format of two letter and four number, with small dashes between them (eg.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ : GA▪51▪34).", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ The letters were in connection with the type/nature/owner of the vehicle.", "Vehicle registration plates of Hungary __knowledge__ The current system was introduced in 1990 with the Hungarian flag above ‘H’ on the left side of the plate, separated by a black vertical line.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ Thailand's vehicle registration plates are issued by the Department of Land Transport (DLT) of the Ministry of Transport.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ They must be displayed on all motorized road vehicles (with the exception of royal-, police- and military-owned vehicles), as required by the Motor Vehicle Act, B.E.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ 2522 (1979 CE) and the Land Transport Act, B.E.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ 2522.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ The plates vary in design, colors and dimensions according to the type of vehicle, but usually display a registration number (usually a two-character letter or numerical prefix and a four-digit number) and the vehicle's province of registration.", "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand __knowledge__ Specifications are given in Ministry of Transport regulations.", "Vehicle registration plate __knowledge__ A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English) or a license plate (American English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes.", "Vehicle registration plate __knowledge__ All countries require registration plates for road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles.", "Vehicle registration plate __knowledge__ Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction.", "Vehicle registration plate __knowledge__ The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register.", "Vehicle registration plate __knowledge__ In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "Yule Marble __knowledge__ Yule Marble is a marble of metamorphosed limestone found only in the Yule Creek Valley, in the West Elk Mountains of Colorado, southeast of the town of Marble, Colorado.", "Yule Marble __knowledge__ First discovered in 1873, it is quarried today inside a mountain at above sea level, in contrast to most marble, which is quarried from an open pit and at much lower elevations.", "Yule Marble __knowledge__ The localized geology created a marble that is 99.5% pure calcite, with a grain structure that gives a smooth texture, a homogeneous look, and a luminous surface.", "Yule Marble __knowledge__ It is these qualities for which it was selected to clad the exterior of the Lincoln Memorial and a variety of other buildings throughout the United States, in spite of being more expensive than other marbles.", "Slate industry in Wales __knowledge__ The existence of a slate industry in Wales is attested since the Roman period, when slate was used to roof the fort at Segontium, now Caernarfon.", "Slate industry in Wales __knowledge__ The slate industry grew slowly until the early 18th century, then expanded rapidly until the late 19th century, at which time the most important slate producing areas were in northwest Wales, including the Penrhyn Quarry near Bethesda, the Dinorwic Quarry near Llanberis, the Nantlle Valley quarries, and Blaenau Ffestiniog, where the slate was mined rather than quarried.", "Slate industry in Wales __knowledge__ Penrhyn and Dinorwig were the two largest slate quarries in the world, and the Oakeley mine at Blaenau Ffestiniog was the largest slate mine in the world.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ Shenandoah Caverns is a commercial show cave in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ Shenandoah Caverns is the only cavern in Virginia that has elevator access.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ The Shenandoah Caverns has a mile-long guided tour.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ Seventeen \"rooms\" of connecting chambers are traveled through during this time.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ Geological formations have been named: the Diamond Cascade, the Grotto of the Gods, the Rainbow Lake, the Oriental Tea Garden, and the Capitol Dome, and these are lighted for display.", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ The \"bacon\" formations were featured in a 1964 issue of \"National Geographic Magazine.\"", "Shenandoah Caverns __knowledge__ The caverns' temperature naturally remains at 54 degrees year round.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ Crank Caverns is the common name of the remains of the Rainford Delph Quarry near Crank in St. Helens, Merseyside.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ It is a network of underground tunnels and caverns, as well as an extensive woodland.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ Information in the St. Helens local history archives states that sandstone quarrying began here as early as 1730.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ As the quarry expanded, the cost of purchasing land to open cast mine it increased, so it was decided to opt for a different method.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ Instead of quarrying out the stone, they would mine it out, following a seam of stone until it ran out.", "Crank Caverns __knowledge__ This resulted in the network of caves, tunnels and shafts we see today.", "Battle of La Malmaison __knowledge__ The Battle of La Malmaison () from 23 to 27 October, was the final French action of the 1917 campaign in the First World War, which had begun with the Nivelle Offensive.", "Battle of La Malmaison __knowledge__ The French captured the village and fort of La Malmaison and took control of the Chemin des Dames ridge.", "Battle of La Malmaison __knowledge__ The German 7th Army (General Max von Boehn) had discovered French preparations for the attack and also identified the date and time.", "Battle of La Malmaison __knowledge__ Boehn chose to defend the front positions, rather than treat them as an advanced zone and to conduct the main defence north of the Oise–Aisne Canal.", "Battle of La Malmaison __knowledge__ The German artillery was outnumbered three-to-one and on the front of the 14th Division, batteries were confronted by which silenced most of the German guns before the attack.", "Luray Caverns __knowledge__ Luray Caverns, originally called Luray Cave, is a commercial cave just west of Luray, Virginia, United States, which has drawn many visitors since its discovery in 1878.", "Luray Caverns __knowledge__ The underground cavern system is generously adorned with speleothems such as columns, mud flows, stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone, and mirrored pools.", "Luray Caverns __knowledge__ The caverns are perhaps best known for the Great Stalacpipe Organ, a lithophone made from solenoid-fired strikers that tap stalactites of various sizes to produce tones similar to those of xylophones, tuning forks, or bells.", "Luray Caverns __knowledge__ Entering the cave is a path that curves throughout the caverns, eventually reaching Dream Lake.", "DeSoto Caverns __knowledge__ DeSoto Caverns is a series of caves and a tourist attraction located in Childersburg, Talladega County, Alabama.", "DeSoto Caverns __knowledge__ Located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, it is touted as \"Alabama's Big Cave\".", "DeSoto Caverns __knowledge__ In addition to the caves, the park offers various other attractions, including a three-quarter acre maze known as the Lost Trail Maze, panning for gemstones, a climbing wall, and amusement park style rides.", "DeSoto Caverns __knowledge__ While on the caverns tour, visitors can view a sound, light, and water show that changes with the holidays and seasons.", "DeSoto Caverns __knowledge__ Before being commercialized as DeSoto Caverns, the cave was well known locally as Kymulga Cave.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ Cape Mountain is located southeast of Cape Prince of Wales on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ It was named by the surveyor, Alfred Hulse Brooks, in 1900.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ Cape Mountain on Cape Prince of Wales is the northern terminus point of the Continental Divide of the Americas.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ At one time, it was considered to be the most western point of the United States.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ The mountain's elevation is , with a sharp peak above the York Plateau, and a well-marked bench formation at ; the east base has an elevation below .", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ There is a sharp pinnacle at its western edge.", "Cape Mountain __knowledge__ Tin City developed on the southeastern side, while Kingegan is situated to the northwest; Teller is to the southeast.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ Cape Nome is a headland on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ It is situated on the northern shore of Norton Sound, to the east of Nome also on Norton Sound.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ It is delimited by the Norton Sound to the south, Hastings Creek on the west, a lagoon on the east and an estuary formed by the Flambeau River and the Eldorado River.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ From the sea shore, Cape Nome extends inland by about , connected by road with Nome.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ Named Tolstoi ( \"blunt\" or \"broad\") by Mikhail Tebenkov (1833), it was named Sredul (\"middle\") on an 1852 Russian Hydrographic Service chart, with Tolstoi added as a synonym.", "Cape Nome __knowledge__ The name Nome, used by Henry Kellett in 1849, first appears on British Admiralty charts after the John Franklin search expeditions.", "Barberton Greenstone Belt __knowledge__ The Barberton Greenstone Belt, also known as the Makhonjwa Mountains, is situated on the eastern edge of Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa.", "Barberton Greenstone Belt __knowledge__ It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt.", "Barberton Greenstone Belt __knowledge__ Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton greenstone belt of the Swaziland–Barberton areas and these contain some of the oldest traces of life on earth.", "Barberton Greenstone Belt __knowledge__ Only the rocks found in the Isua Greenstone Belt of Western Greenland are older.", "Barberton Greenstone Belt __knowledge__ In April 2014, scientists reported finding evidence of the largest terrestrial meteor impact event to date near the Barberton Greenstone Belt.", "Longside __knowledge__ Longside is a village located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and consists of a single main street.", "Longside __knowledge__ It lies seven miles inland from Peterhead and two miles from Mintlaw on the A950.", "Longside __knowledge__ Its population in 2001 was 721.", "Longside __knowledge__ The River Ugie flows through it.", "Longside __knowledge__ It lies in the centre of what was the ancient parish of Longside, which was established in 1641 and covered an extensive area.", "Longside __knowledge__ There are a number of listed buildings in the village.", "Longside __knowledge__ During the first World War the most northerly Royal Navy air station was based within the parish and there was also an active airfield used during World War II on a different site close to the village.", "Mount Pleasant Caldera __knowledge__ The Mount Pleasant Caldera is a large eroded Late Devonian volcanic caldera complex, located in the northern Appalachian Mountains of southwestern New Brunswick, Canada.", "Mount Pleasant Caldera __knowledge__ It is one of few noticeable pre-Cenozoic calderas, and its formation is associated to a period of crustal thinning that followed the Acadian orogeny in the northern Appalachian Mountains.", "Mount Pleasant Caldera __knowledge__ It sits relatively near to the coastline.", "Mount Pleasant Caldera __knowledge__ The large elliptical feature is dated back to the late Devonian Period, and is partially covered in the north by overlying Middle Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Period strata.", "Mount Pleasant Caldera __knowledge__ The volcano is north-south trending in its elliptical shape, with minimum dimensions of as outlined by regional gravitational and magnetic studies.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ Bukit Batok Town Park is a nature park located in the precinct of Guilin in the town of Bukit Batok, Singapore.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ The park was created from a disused granite quarry.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ As such, it has a resemblance to the granite rock formations in Guilin, China.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ Hence it is also known as Little Guilin or Xiao Guilin () among the Chinese.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ Together with the neighbouring Bukit Batok Nature Park, Bukit Batok Town Park occupies 77 hectares of land in Bukit Batok planning area, which covers the subzones Bukit Gombak, Hong Kah, Brickworks and Hillview.", "Bukit Batok Town Park __knowledge__ The park was a granite quarry for extracting a form of norite called Gombak norite." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle.", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\".", "New Hampshire __knowledge__ The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ Indian tax forms are used to document information in compliance with the Income Tax Act of 1961 and in accordance with the Income Tax Rules (codified in 1962), which govern the process of filing income tax returns in India.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ Form 10BA is a document that is used by a certain section of \"assessees\" while filing income tax returns in India.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ The form is a declaration by the assessee.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ The format is specified by the Income Tax Department of India.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ Form 10BA applies to a certain section of assessees who are required to claim deductions under section 80GG.", "Indian tax forms __knowledge__ This declaration is filed by the assessee himself.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In 2010, taxes collected by federal, state, and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In the OECD, only Chile and Mexico are taxed less as a share of their GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ However, taxes fall much more heavily on labor income than on capital income.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Divergent taxes and subsidies for different forms of income and spending can also constitute a form of indirect taxation of some activities over others.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, a tax is imposed on income by the federal government, most state governments, and many local governments.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ The income tax is determined by applying a tax rate, which may increase as income increases, to taxable income as defined.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ Individuals and corporations are directly taxable, and estates and trusts may be taxable on undistributed income.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the term 'payroll tax' usually refers to 'FICA taxes' that pay into Social Security and Medicare, while 'income tax' refers to taxes that pay into state and federal general funds.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ Partnerships are not taxed, but their partners are taxed on their shares of partnership income.", "Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base __knowledge__ The Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) is a proposal for a common tax scheme for the European Union developed by the European Commission and first proposed in March 2011 which would create a single set of rules for how EU corporations calculate their EU taxes and provide the ability to consolidate EU taxes.", "Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base __knowledge__ Corporate tax rates in the EU would not be changed by the CCCTB, as EU countries would continue to have their own corporate tax rates.", "Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base __knowledge__ The original proposal stalled, largely due to objections from countries such as Ireland and the UK.", "Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base __knowledge__ In June 2015, the Commission announced they will submit a relaunched CCCTB proposal in 2016, featuring two key changes compared to the initial proposal: First it would become mandatory (not voluntary) for corporations to apply the CCCTB regime, and second the \"consolidation part\" will be postponed for a later follow-up proposal.", "Transfer pricing __knowledge__ In taxation and accounting, transfer pricing refers to the rules and methods for pricing transactions between enterprises under common ownership or control.", "Transfer pricing __knowledge__ Because of the potential for cross-border controlled transactions to distort taxable income, tax authorities in many countries can adjust intragroup transfer prices that differ from what would have been charged by unrelated enterprises dealing at arm’s length (the arm’s-length principle).", "Transfer pricing __knowledge__ The OECD and World Bank recommend intragroup pricing rules based on the arm’s-length principle, and 19 of the 20 members of the G20 have adopted similar measures through bilateral treaties and domestic legislation, regulations, or administrative practice.", "Income trust __knowledge__ An income trust is an investment that may hold equities, debt instruments, royalty interests or real properties.", "Income trust __knowledge__ The trust can receive interest, royalty or lease payments from an operating entity carrying on a business, as well as dividends and a return of capital.", "Income trust __knowledge__ The main attraction of income trusts (in addition to certain tax preferences for some investors) is their stated goal of paying out consistent cash flows for investors, which is especially attractive when cash yields on bonds are low.", "Income trust __knowledge__ They are especially useful for financial requirements of institutional investors such as pension funds., and for investors such as retired individuals seeking yield.", "International taxation __knowledge__ International taxation is the study or determination of tax on a person or business subject to the tax laws of different countries or the international aspects of an individual country's tax laws as the case may be.", "International taxation __knowledge__ Governments usually limit the scope of their income taxation in some manner territorially or provide for offsets to taxation relating to extraterritorial income.", "International taxation __knowledge__ The manner of limitation generally takes the form of a territorial, residence-based, or exclusionary system.", "International taxation __knowledge__ Some governments have attempted to mitigate the differing limitations of each of these three broad systems by enacting a hybrid system with characteristics of two or more.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Sales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Forty-five states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ States may also delegate to local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Sales and use taxes in California are among the highest in the United States and are imposed by the state and by local governments.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Sales taxes are regressive.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Local sales tax increases also create geographical variations in sales tax rates which can place local businesses at a competitive disadvantage.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Poor families pay almost eight times more of their incomes in sales taxes than the best-off families.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Local sales tax rate increases also create geographical variations in sales tax rates which can place local businesses at a competitive disadvantage.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ At 7.25%, California has the highest minimum statewide sales tax rate in the United States, which can total up to 10.25% with local sales taxes included.", "FairTax __knowledge__ The FairTax is a proposal to reform the federal tax code of the United States.", "FairTax __knowledge__ It would replace all federal income taxes (including the alternative minimum tax, corporate income taxes, and capital gains taxes), payroll taxes (including Social Security and Medicare taxes), gift taxes, and estate taxes with a single broad national consumption tax on retail sales.", "FairTax __knowledge__ The \"Fair Tax Act\" (/) would apply a tax, once, at the point of purchase on all new goods and services for personal consumption.", "FairTax __knowledge__ The proposal also calls for a monthly payment to all family households of lawful U.S. residents as an advance rebate, or \"prebate\", of tax on purchases up to the poverty level.", "Tax __knowledge__ A tax (from the Latin \"taxo\") is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.", "Tax __knowledge__ A failure to pay, or evasion of or resistance to taxation, is punishable by law.", "Tax __knowledge__ Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent.", "Tax __knowledge__ Most countries have a tax system in place to pay for public/common/agreed national needs and government functions: some levy a flat percentage rate of taxation on personal annual income, some on a scale based on annual income amounts, and some countries impose almost no taxation at all, or a very low tax rate for a certain area of taxation.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Optimal tax theory or the theory of optimal taxation is the study of designing and implementing a tax that reduces inefficiency and distortion in the market under given economic constraints.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Generally, this criterion consists of individuals' utility and the optimization problem involves minimizing the distortions caused by taxation.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ A neutral tax is a theoretical tax which avoids distortion and inefficiency completely.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Other things being equal, if a tax-payer must choose between two mutually exclusive economic projects (say investments) that have the same pre-tax risk and returns, the one with the lower tax or with a tax exemption would be chosen by a rational actor.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon tax collection policy has changed over the years.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In the U.S., state and local sales taxes are levied by state and local governments, not at the federal level.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In most countries where Amazon operates, a sales tax or value added tax is uniform throughout the country, and Amazon is obliged to collect it from all customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Many U.S. states have passed online shopping sales tax laws designed to compel Amazon.com and other e-commerce retailers to collect state and local sales taxes from its customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon.com originally collected sales tax only from five states as of 2011, but as of April 2017 collects sales taxes from customers in all 45 states that have a state sales tax and in Washington, D.C. Alabama is the highest tax rate charged by Amazon, the Alabama tax rate is 8.45%." ] ]

[ 3, 9, 10, 7, 54 ]

[ "Really? Despite the fact that New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 10th least populous of the 50 United States?", "Is that true the license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\"?", "Have you ever been to the extensive granite formations and quarries the state have?", "I think it's great the fact New Hampshire has no general sales tax, nor is personal income it's taxed at either the state or local level.", "That is why we need the FairTax,a proposal to reform the federal tax code of the United States." ]

[ "New Hampshire", "New Hampshire", "New Hampshire", "New Hampshire", "New Hampshire" ]

[ "Aircraft pilot\nI like airplanes, one day I hope to fly them.", "I'm a real big Amelia Earhart fan, I've been reading about her since I was a kid.", "yes, I thought it was a good movie.", "i have never heard of it, maybe because it is bad." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "First Army Air Service __knowledge__ The First Army Air Service was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service, First United States Army.", "First Army Air Service __knowledge__ The First Army Air Service was the largest and most diverse Air Service combat organization of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, and most American Air Service combat units were assigned to it when assigned to the front.", "First Army Air Service __knowledge__ The organization was demobilized in France on 15 April 1919 with the demobilization of the United States First Army.", "First Army Air Service __knowledge__ There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women have been involved in aviation from the beginnings of both lighter-than air travel and as airplanes, helicopters and space travel were developed.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women pilots were also called \"aviatrices\" (singular: \"aviatrix\").", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women have been flying powered aircraft since 1908, however most, prior to 1970, were restricted to working privately or in support roles in the aviation industry.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Aviation also allowed women to \"travel alone on unprecedented journeys.\"", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women who have been successful in various aviation fields have served as mentors to younger women, helping them along in their careers.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Within the first two decades of powered flight, women on every continent except Antarctica had begun to fly, perform in aerial shows, parachute, and even transport passengers.", "History of aviation __knowledge__ The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years, from the earliest forms of aviation, kites and attempts at tower jumping, to supersonic, and hypersonic flight by powered, heavier-than-air jets.", "History of aviation __knowledge__ Kite flying in China dates back to several hundred years BC and slowly spread around the world.", "History of aviation __knowledge__ It is thought to be the earliest example of man-made flight.", "History of aviation __knowledge__ Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several rational but unscientific designs, though he did not attempt to construct any of them.", "History of aviation __knowledge__ The discovery of hydrogen gas in the 18th century led to the invention of the hydrogen balloon, at almost exactly the same time that the Montgolfier brothers rediscovered the hot-air balloon and began manned flights.", "Radio-controlled aircraft __knowledge__ A radio-controlled aircraft (often called RC aircraft or RC plane) is a small flying machine that is controlled remotely by an operator on the ground using a hand-held radio transmitter.", "Radio-controlled aircraft __knowledge__ The transmitter communicates with a receiver within the craft that sends signals to servomechanisms (servos) which move the control surfaces based on the position of joysticks on the transmitter.", "Radio-controlled aircraft __knowledge__ The control surfaces, in turn, affect the orientation of the plane.", "Radio-controlled aircraft __knowledge__ Flying RC aircraft as a hobby grew substantially from the 2000s with improvements in the cost, weight, performance and capabilities of motors, batteries and electronics.", "Gustave Whitehead __knowledge__ Gustave Albin Whitehead (born Gustav Albin Weisskopf; 1 January 1874 – 10 October 1927) was an aviation pioneer who emigrated from Germany to the United States where he designed and built gliders, flying machines and engines between 1897 and 1915.", "Gustave Whitehead __knowledge__ Controversy surrounds published accounts and Whitehead's own claims that he flew a powered machine successfully several times in 1901 and 1902, predating the first flights by the Wright Brothers in 1903.", "Gustave Whitehead __knowledge__ Much of Whitehead's reputation rests on a newspaper article which was written as an eyewitness report and described a powered and sustained flight by Whitehead in Connecticut on 14 August 1901.", "1st Reconnaissance Squadron __knowledge__ The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron (1 RS) is a United States Air Force squadron, assigned to the 9th Operations Group, Beale Air Force Base, California.", "1st Reconnaissance Squadron __knowledge__ The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is the United States military's oldest flying unit, first established on 5 March 1913.", "1st Reconnaissance Squadron __knowledge__ The squadron has maintained an unbroken heritage of over a century from its founding.", "1st Reconnaissance Squadron __knowledge__ Originally organized in anticipation of a potential breach in security along the border between the United States and Mexico, General John J. Pershing directed the 1st Aero Squadron to become the first tactical aviation unit to participate in American military action." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ Amelia Mary Earhart (, born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ She received the U.S.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ In 1935, Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students.", "Amelia Earhart __knowledge__ She was also a member of the National Woman's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.", "George P. Putnam __knowledge__ George Palmer Putnam (September 7, 1887 – January 4, 1950) was an American publisher, author and explorer.", "George P. Putnam __knowledge__ Known for his marriage to (and being the widower of) Amelia Earhart, he had also achieved fame as one of the most successful promoters in the United States during the 1930s.", "George P. Putnam __knowledge__ Born in Rye, New York, he was the son of John Bishop Putnam and the grandson of his namesake, George Palmer Putnam, the founder of the prominent publishing firm that became G. P. Putnam's Sons.", "George P. Putnam __knowledge__ He studied at Harvard University and the University of California.", "George P. Putnam __knowledge__ In 1911, Putnam married Dorothy Binney (1888–1982), the daughter of Edwin Binney, inventor and co-owner, with cousin C. Harold Smith, of Binney & Smith Inc., the company that made Crayola crayons.", "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight __knowledge__ Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight (also known as \"Amelia Earhart\") is a 1994 television film starring Diane Keaton, Rutger Hauer and Bruce Dern.", "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight __knowledge__ The series is based on Doris L. Rich's \"Amelia Earhart: A Biography\".", "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight __knowledge__ The film depicts events in the life of Amelia Earhart, focusing on her final flight and disappearance in 1937, with her exploits in aviation and her marriage to publisher G.P.", "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight __knowledge__ Putnam being revealed in flashbacks.", "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight __knowledge__ This film was not the first television dramatization of Earhart's life, as \"Amelia Earhart\" appeared in 1976, starring Susan Clark as Earhart and John Forsythe as her husband George Putnam.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ Amelia is a 2009 Canadian-American biographical film about the life of Amelia Earhart.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ Most of the story is told in flashbacks before ending with Earhart's mysterious disappearance.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Mira Nair and starred Hilary Swank as Earhart and Richard Gere as her husband, George Putnam.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ The cast list also included Christopher Eccleston and Ewan McGregor.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ The film was written by Ronald Bass and Anna Hamilton Phelan, using research from sources including \"East to the Dawn\" by Susan Butler and \"The Sound of Wings\" by Mary S. Lovell.", "Amelia (film) __knowledge__ The film has garnered predominantly negative reviews.", "Fred Noonan __knowledge__ Frederick Joseph \"Fred\" Noonan (born April 4, 1893; declared missing July 2, 1937 and dead June 20, 1938), was an American flight navigator, sea captain and aviation pioneer who first charted many commercial airline routes across the Pacific Ocean during the 1930s.", "Fred Noonan __knowledge__ He was last seen in Lae, New Guinea, on July 2, 1937, on the last land stop with famed aviator Amelia Earhart (1897-1937), as her navigator when they disappeared somewhere over the Central Pacific Ocean during one of the last legs of their attempted pioneering round-the-world flight.", "Fred Noonan __knowledge__ Fred Noonan was born in Cook County, Illinois (the Chicago area).", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ Linda Finch is an aviator and aviation historian born in San Antonio, Texas.", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ During Finch’s early 20s she decided that she wanted to learn to fly a World War II F4U Corsair fighter aircraft.", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ Whenever she could afford it she purchased flying and training lessons.", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ Finch finally obtained her pilot's license in 1972.", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ After graduating from a rented Grumman trainer in 1980 to her own Piper Arrow, Finch flew regularly to nursing homes that she managed throughout Texas.", "Linda Finch __knowledge__ In her 30s, she bought a North American T-6 Texan, a wartime trainer which she completely restored, modified and raced, primarily to prepare her to fly the Corsair.", "Irene Craigmile Bolam __knowledge__ Irene Craigmile Bolam (October 1, 1904 – July 7, 1982) was a New York City banker and resident of Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey.", "Irene Craigmile Bolam __knowledge__ In 1970, a book that was soon widely discredited set forth an allegation that she was Amelia Earhart.", "Irene Craigmile Bolam __knowledge__ Bolam denied the claim and took legal action against the publisher, resulting in the book being withdrawn.", "Irene Craigmile Bolam __knowledge__ In 1965, Major Joseph Gervais was invited to speak at a gathering of retired pilots where he was introduced to Mrs. Bolam by one of Amelia Earhart's 1930s pilot friends, Viola Gentry.", "Irene Craigmile Bolam __knowledge__ Gervais felt he instantly recognized her as an older version of Amelia Earhart, and commenced to research her past.", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ Zigrasimecia is an extinct genus of ants which existed in the Cretaceous period approximately 98 million years ago.", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ The first specimens were collected from Burmese amber in Kachin State, west of Myitkyina town in Myanmar.", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ In 2013, palaeoentomologists Phillip Barden and David Grimaldi published a paper describing and naming \"Zigrasimecia tonsora\".", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ They described a dealate female with unusual features, notably the highly specialized mandibles.", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ Other features include large ocelli, short scapes, 12 antennomeres, small eyes, and a clypeal margin that has a row of peg-like denticles.", "Zigrasimecia __knowledge__ The genus \"Zigrasimecia\" was originally \"incertae sedis\" (uncertain placement) within Formicidae until a second species, \"Zigrasimecia ferox\", was described in 2014, confirming its placement in the subfamily Sphecomyrminae.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women have been involved in aviation from the beginnings of both lighter-than air travel and as airplanes, helicopters and space travel were developed.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women pilots were also called \"aviatrices\" (singular: \"aviatrix\").", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women have been flying powered aircraft since 1908, however most, prior to 1970, were restricted to working privately or in support roles in the aviation industry.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Aviation also allowed women to \"travel alone on unprecedented journeys.\"", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Women who have been successful in various aviation fields have served as mentors to younger women, helping them along in their careers.", "Women in aviation __knowledge__ Within the first two decades of powered flight, women on every continent except Antarctica had begun to fly, perform in aerial shows, parachute, and even transport passengers.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Fictional military aircraft are imagined military aircraft which are used in fiction, in its various media, but do not exist in the real world.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ These aircraft may be conjectured variants of real-world aircraft or they may be completely fabricated by the author.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Some may be physically impossible.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ The Allied Nations' Black Eagles are high-speed VTOL jets used mostly by The Republic of Korea in .", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles feature forward-swept wings but otherwise resemble a Harrier Jump Jet.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ They are loaded with powerful missiles used for engaging surface targets.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles are usually painted black in reference to their name.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Ski flying is a winter sport discipline derived from ski jumping, in which much greater distances can be achieved.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ It is a form of competitive Nordic skiing where athletes descend individually at very fast speeds along a specially built takeoff ramp using skis only; jump from the end of it with as much power as they can generate; then glide – or 'fly' – as far as possible down a steeply sloped hill; and ultimately land within a target zone in a stable manner.", "Ski flying __knowledge__ Points are awarded for distance and stylistic merit by five judges, and events are governed by the International Ski Federation (FIS).", "Ski flying __knowledge__ The rules and scoring in ski flying are mostly the same as they are in ski jumping, and events under the discipline are usually contested as part of the Ski Jumping World Cup season, but the hills (of which there are only five remaining, all in Europe) are constructed to a different standard in order to enable jumps of up to 66% longer in distance.", "Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting __knowledge__ The Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting occurred on June 24, 1947, when private pilot Kenneth Arnold claimed that he saw a string of nine, shiny unidentified flying objects flying past Mount Rainier at speeds that Arnold estimated at a minimum of 1,200 miles an hour (1,932 km/hr).", "Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting __knowledge__ This was the first post-War sighting in the United States that garnered nationwide news coverage and is credited with being the first of the modern era of UFO sightings, including numerous reported sightings over the next two to three weeks.", "Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting __knowledge__ Arnold's description of the objects also led to the press quickly coining the terms \"flying saucer\" and \"flying disc\" as popular descriptive terms for UFOs.", "Early flying machines __knowledge__ Early flying machines include all forms of aircraft studied or constructed before the development of the modern aeroplane by 1910.", "Early flying machines __knowledge__ The story of modern flight begins more than a century before the first successful manned aeroplane, and the earliest aircraft thousands of years before.", "Early flying machines __knowledge__ From the earliest times there have been legends of men mounting flying devices or strapping birdlike wings, stiffened cloaks or other devices to themselves and attempting to fly, typically by jumping off a tower.", "Early flying machines __knowledge__ The Greek legend of Daedalus and Icarus is one of the earliest to come down to us.", "Early flying machines __knowledge__ According to Ovid, Daedalus tied feathers together to mimic the wings of a bird.", "Sphecomyrminae __knowledge__ Sphecomyrminae is an extinct subfamily of ants in family Formicidae known from a series of Cretaceous fossils found in North America, Europe, and Asia.", "Sphecomyrminae __knowledge__ Sphecomyrminae contains ten genera, divided into two tribes, Haidomyrmecini and Sphecomyrmini.", "Sphecomyrminae __knowledge__ The tribe Haidomyrmecini contains the four genera \"Ceratomyrmex\", \"Haidomyrmex\", \"Haidomyrmodes\", \"Haidoterminus\" and \"Linguamyrmex\", while Sphecomyrmini contains \"Baikuris\", \"Cretomyrma\", \"Dlusskyidris\", \"Sphecomyrma\", and \"Zigrasimecia\".", "Sphecomyrminae __knowledge__ The genus \"Sphecomyrmodes\" was formerly placed into Sphecomyrmini; however, in 2016, it was made a synonym of the stem group genus \"Gerontoformica\", which is considered \"incertae sedis\" in Formicidae." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Union is the thirteenth studio album by the English rock band Yes, released on 30 April 1991 by Arista Records.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Production began in 1990 following the amalgamation of two bands featuring current and previous members of Yes at the time: Yes, consisting of Chris Squire, Trevor Rabin, Tony Kaye, and Alan White; and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (ABWH), consisting of Jon Anderson, Steve Howe, Rick Wakeman, and Bill Bruford.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ The album is a collection of tracks written and performed by each group separately.", "Union (Yes album) __knowledge__ Recording was met with differences from the beginning, including the merger of the two groups, internal relations, and the decision by producer Jonathan Elias to have session musicians play parts already put down by Wakeman and Howe.", "Good Movie __knowledge__ Good Movie is San Diego, California-based singer-songwriter Greg Laswell's debut release.", "Good Movie __knowledge__ The album was his first release following the dissolution of his band Shillglen in late 2001.", "Good Movie __knowledge__ \"Good Movie\" won a San Diego Music Award for \"Best Local Recording\" in 2004.", "Good Movie __knowledge__ It was released on All the Rest Records, a now-defunct label owned and operated by Laswell before he founded his current label, 20 Inch Records.", "Good Movie __knowledge__ All songs written by Greg Laswell.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Jaws (franchise) __knowledge__ Jaws is an American natural horror film series that started with a 1975 film that expanded into three sequels, a theme park ride, and other tie-in merchandise, based on a 1974 novel.", "Jaws (franchise) __knowledge__ The main subject of the saga is a great white shark, and its attacks on people in specific areas of the United States.", "Jaws (franchise) __knowledge__ The Brody family is featured in all of the films as the primary antithesis to the shark.", "Jaws (franchise) __knowledge__ The original film was based on a novel written by Peter Benchley, which itself was inspired by the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916.", "Jaws (franchise) __knowledge__ Benchley adapted his novel, along with help from Carl Gottlieb and Howard Sackler, into the 1975 film \"Jaws\", which was directed by Steven Spielberg.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ Underworld is a series of action horror films directed by Len Wiseman, Patrick Tatopoulos, Måns Mårlind, Björn Stein, and Anna Foerster.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ The first film, \"Underworld\", was released in 2003.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ It tells the story of Selene (Kate Beckinsale), a vampire who works as a Death Dealer, killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ The second film, \"\", was released in 2006.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ In this film, Selene takes Michael Corvin, a lycan/vampire hybrid, to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor's estate to awaken another elder Markus, whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy.", "Underworld (film series) __knowledge__ The third film, \"\", is the prequel to the series, chronicling the origins of the vampire-lycan war (it was released on January 23, 2009).", "Airdrome Aeroplanes __knowledge__ Airdrome Aeroplanes is an American aircraft manufacturer, founded by Robert Baslee, that offers a large selection of kit aircraft for amateur construction.", "Airdrome Aeroplanes __knowledge__ The company is based in Holden, Missouri.", "Airdrome Aeroplanes __knowledge__ The company produces a range of kits specializing in replica aircraft from the pre-World War I \"pioneer period\" and from both the Central Powers and Allies of World War I. Baslee started in aviation as a teenager, building model aircraft.", "Airdrome Aeroplanes __knowledge__ He paid for his hobby by mowing lawns and shoveling snow in Lee's Summit, Missouri.", "Airdrome Aeroplanes __knowledge__ A week before he turned 16, he sold all his models and started work on his private pilot certificate, completing it at age 17, with money earned working in the fast food industry.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ Glaucopsyche alexis, the green-underside blue, is a butterfly of the Lycaenidae family.", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ It is found in the Palearctic.", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ The butterfly flies from April to July depending on the location, lingering in warm, lush meadows with plenty of its host plant, vetch (\"Vicia\").", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ L. cyllarus Rott.", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ (= damoetas Schiff.)", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ (82 f).", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ Male above light cyaneous blue with a violet sheen and narrow black border; female darker blue with the black border gradually shading off, so that it occupies nearly the whole outer half of the wings.", "Glaucopsyche alexis __knowledge__ Beneath silver-grey (male) or ashy grey (female), the forewing with 5 or 6 large rounded black spots, the hindwing with small ocelli and in its whole basal half with metallic blue-green dusting.", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ Proserpine was a 38-gun \"Hébé\"-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1785 that captured on 13 June 1796.", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ The Admiralty commissioned \"Proserpine\" into the Royal Navy as the fifth rate, HMS \"Amelia\".", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ She spent 20 years in the Royal Navy, participating in numerous actions in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, capturing a number of prizes, and serving on anti-smuggling and anti-slavery patrols.", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ Her most notable action was her intense and bloody, but inconclusive, fight with \"Aréthuse\" in 1813.", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ \"Amelia\" was broken up in December 1816.", "HMS Amelia (1796) __knowledge__ \"Proserpine\" was a \"Hébé\"-class frigate built for the French Navy of the \"Ancien Régime\" in Brest.", "Friday the 13th (2009 film) __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is a 2009 American slasher film written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift, and directed by Marcus Nispel.", "Friday the 13th (2009 film) __knowledge__ The film is a reboot of the \"Friday the 13th\" film series, which began in 1980, and is the twelfth installment in the film series.", "Friday the 13th (2009 film) __knowledge__ Nispel also directed the 2003 remake of Tobe Hooper's \"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre\" (1974), while Shannon and Swift had written the screenplay for the 2003 crossover \"Freddy vs. Jason\".", "Friday the 13th (2009 film) __knowledge__ \"Friday the 13th\" follows Clay Miller (Jared Padalecki) as he searches for his missing sister, Whitney (Amanda Righetti), who is captured by Jason Voorhees (Derek Mears) while camping in woodland at Crystal Lake.", "Vanity Fair (novel) __knowledge__ Vanity Fair is an English novel by William Makepeace Thackeray which follows the lives of Becky Sharp and Emmy Sedley amid their friends and families during and after the Napoleonic Wars.", "Vanity Fair (novel) __knowledge__ It was first published as a 19-volume monthly serial from 1847 to 1848, carrying the subtitle PenandPencilSketches of EnglishSociety, reflecting both its satirisation of early 19th-century British society and the many illustrations drawn by Thackeray to accompany the text.", "Vanity Fair (novel) __knowledge__ It was published as a single volume in 1848 with the subtitle ANovelwithoutaHero, reflecting Thackeray's interest in deconstructing his era's conventions regarding literary heroism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ \"Call Me Maybe\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen for her EP \"Curiosity\" (2012) which also appears on her international debut studio album, \"Kiss\" (2012).", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre was modified to pop following the production by Josh Ramsay.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the EP on September 20, 2011, through 604 Records.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Jepsen was signed to Schoolboy Records, releasing her single in the United States through the label, as the first single from \"Kiss\".", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Musically, \"Call Me Maybe\" is a pop and teen pop track that alludes to the inconvenience that a love at first sight brings to a girl who hopes for a call back from a new crush.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Louis J. Gasnier __knowledge__ Louis Joseph Gasnier (September 15, 1875 – February 15, 1963) was a French-born American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor.", "Louis J. Gasnier __knowledge__ A cinema pioneer, Gasnier shepherded the early career of comedian Max Linder, co-directed the enormously successful film serial \"The Perils of Pauline\" (1914) and capped his output with the notorious low-budget exploitation film \"Reefer Madness\" (1936) which was both a critical and box office failure.", "Louis J. Gasnier __knowledge__ Born in Paris, Louis J. Gasnier began his career in the theatre as an actor and director.", "Louis J. Gasnier __knowledge__ Accounts vary as to when his film career began; according to Gasnier himself, his association with Pathé Frères commenced in 1899, during the earliest days of the company.", "Reefer Madness __knowledge__ Reefer Madness (originally made as Tell Your Children and sometimes titled as The Burning Question, Dope Addict, Doped Youth, and Love Madness) is a 1936 American propaganda film revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, hallucinations, and descent into madness due to marijuana addiction.", "Reefer Madness __knowledge__ The film was directed by Louis Gasnier and featured a cast of mainly little-known actors.", "Reefer Madness __knowledge__ Originally financed by a church group under the title \"Tell Your Children,\" the film was intended to be shown to parents as a morality tale attempting to teach them about the dangers of cannabis use.", "Reefer Madness (musical) __knowledge__ Reefer Madness is a musical satire of the 1936 cult classic \"Reefer Madness\" that opened in Los Angeles in 1998.", "Reefer Madness (musical) __knowledge__ The book and lyrics were written by Kevin Murphy and the book and music by Dan Studney.", "Reefer Madness (musical) __knowledge__ Directed by Andy Fickman, it was initially shown at the Hudson Theater on Santa Monica Boulevard in Los Angeles and then moved to the New York City \"Off-Broadway\" scene.", "Reefer Madness (musical) __knowledge__ The show opened Off Broadway on September 15, 2001, and closed shortly thereafter.", "Reefer Madness (musical) __knowledge__ Rodgers and Hammerstein Theatricals now administers the stock/amateur rights, and the show has been produced by local theater groups in several cities, including Toronto, Seattle, Philadelphia, Charleston, Sacramento, Raleigh, Norfolk, Minneapolis, and London.", "Reefer Madness (2005 film) __knowledge__ Reefer Madness, also known as Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical, is a 2005 American made-for-television musical comedy film directed by Andy Fickman, written by Kevin Murphy and Dan Studney, and produced by the three.", "Reefer Madness (2005 film) __knowledge__ It is a film adaptation of the trio's musical of the same name, itself based on the 1936 exploitation film also of the same title.", "Reefer Madness (2005 film) __knowledge__ It premiered on Showtime on April 16, 2005.", "Reefer Madness (2005 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Kristen Bell, Christian Campbell, and John Kassir reprising their stage roles, with the notable addition of Alan Cumming and Ana Gasteyer in other lead roles.", "Reefer Madness (2005 film) __knowledge__ Robert Torti, who played the characters of both Jack and Jesus onstage, portrays only the latter in this version.", "Thelma White __knowledge__ Thelma White (December 4, 1910 – January 11, 2005) was an American radio and film actress.", "Thelma White __knowledge__ White is best known for her role in the 1936 exploitation film \"Reefer Madness\".", "Thelma White __knowledge__ Born Thelma Wolpa in Lincoln, Nebraska, White debuted in her family's circus show at age 2, acting as a \"living doll\" who would stand in place until she got a cue to begin cooing and wriggling.", "Thelma White __knowledge__ At the age of 10 she was dancing in vaudeville as part of The White Sisters, leading to jobs with the Ziegfeld Follies and Earl Carroll revue before she moved to Hollywood in the late 1920s.", "Thelma White __knowledge__ Her first film was \"A Night in a Dormitory\" (1930) co-starring Ginger Rogers.", "Eric Schlosser __knowledge__ Eric Matthew Schlosser (born August 17, 1959) is an American journalist and author known for his investigative journalism, such as in his books \"Fast Food Nation\" (2001), \"Reefer Madness\" (2003), and \"\" (2013).", "Eric Schlosser __knowledge__ Schlosser was born in Manhattan, New York; he spent his childhood there and in Los Angeles, California.", "Eric Schlosser __knowledge__ His parents are Judith (née Gassner) and Herbert Schlosser, a former Wall Street lawyer who turned to broadcasting later in his career, eventually becoming the President of NBC in 1974 and later becoming the vice president of RCA.", "Eric Schlosser __knowledge__ Schlosser studied American History at Princeton University and earned a graduate degree in British Imperial History from Oxford." ] ]

[ 19, 26, 11, 49 ]

[ "That's cool. I like aircraft history, like the fact that women have been flying since 1908.", "Did you see the 2009 film Amelia?", "Reefer Madness is a good example of a really bad film!", "Probably. They actually made a musical satire about it in 1998." ]

[ "Aircraft pilot", "Aircraft pilot", "Aircraft pilot", "Aircraft pilot" ]

[ "Piano", "I don't believe a piano is a stringed instrument. Perhaps you meant guitar?", "Oh I wasn't aware of that. Can you tell me more about how a piano works." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ This list of recorded works is not complete.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ The recording artists are listed under each item with a link (ᵛ) to the recording description in the section Recording details.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ Details for some recordings are on the individual artist's page, and these links are indicated with ( • ).", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ The date given is for the completion of composition.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ Concertstück [Concert Piece] for piano and orchestra, Op.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ 31a (1890) BV 236 Violin Concerto in D, Op.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ 35a (1897) BV 243 Piano Concerto in C major, Op.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ 39, with choral finale (1904) BV 247 Indian Fantasy Op.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ 44, for piano and orchestra (1914) BV 264 Concertino, Op.", "Ferruccio Busoni discography __knowledge__ 48, for clarinet and small orchestra (1918) BV 276 Divertimento, Op.", "Piano music of Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ The French composer Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924) wrote in many genres, including songs, chamber music, orchestral pieces, and choral works.", "Piano music of Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ His compositions for piano, written between the 1860s and the 1920s, include some of his best known works.", "Piano music of Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ Fauré's major sets of piano works are thirteen nocturnes, thirteen barcarolles, six impromptus, and four valses-caprices.", "Piano music of Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ These sets were composed during several decades in his long career, and display the change in his style from uncomplicated youthful charm to a final enigmatic, but sometimes fiery introspection, by way of a turbulent period in his middle years.", "Musical works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Although Franz Liszt provided opus numbers for some of his earlier works, they are rarely used today.", "Musical works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Instead, his works are usually identified using one of two different cataloging schemes: Liszt was a prolific composer.", "Musical works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Most of his music is for the piano and much of it requires formidable technique.", "Musical works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ His thoroughly revised masterwork, \"Années de pèlerinage\" (\"Years of Pilgrimage\") includes arguably his most provocative and stirring pieces.", "Musical works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ This set of three suites ranges from the pure virtuosity of the Suisse \"Orage\" (Storm) to the subtle and imaginative visualizations of artworks by Michelangelo and Raphael in the second set.", "Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ Gabriel Urbain Fauré (; 12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher.", "Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th-century composers.", "Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ Among his best-known works are his \"Pavane\", Requiem, nocturnes for piano and the songs \"Après un rêve\" and \"Clair de lune\".", "Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ Although his best-known and most accessible compositions are generally his earlier ones, Fauré composed many of his most highly regarded works in his later years, in a more harmonically and melodically complex style.", "Gabriel Fauré __knowledge__ Fauré was born into a cultured but not especially musical family.", "Dmitri Shostakovich __knowledge__ Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (, ; 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist.", "Dmitri Shostakovich __knowledge__ He is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century.", "Dmitri Shostakovich __knowledge__ Shostakovich achieved fame in the Soviet Union under the patronage of Soviet chief of staff Mikhail Tukhachevsky, but later had a complex and difficult relationship with the government.", "Dmitri Shostakovich __knowledge__ Nevertheless, he received accolades and state awards and served in the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1947–1962) and the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (from 1962 until his death).", "Dmitri Shostakovich __knowledge__ A polystylist, Shostakovich developed a hybrid voice, combining a variety of different musical techniques into his works.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ Margaret Fingerhut (born 30 March 1955) is a British classical pianist.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ A fascination with exploring lesser-known repertoire is reflected in her eclectic recital programmes and also in her recordings.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ She teaches at Trinity Laban Conservatoire and Birmingham Conservatoire where she is an Honorary Fellow.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ Fingerhut attended North London Collegiate School.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ She studied at the Royal College of Music with Cyril Smith and Angus Morrison, and afterwards with Vlado Perlemuter in Paris and Leon Fleisher and Adele Marcus in the USA.", "Margaret Fingerhut __knowledge__ Fingerhut's career was launched when she was selected as a Young Musician of the Year by the Greater London Arts Association in 1981.", "Maurice Ravel __knowledge__ Joseph Maurice Ravel (; 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor.", "Maurice Ravel __knowledge__ He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term.", "Maurice Ravel __knowledge__ In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.", "Maurice Ravel __knowledge__ Born to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music college, the Paris Conservatoire; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment, whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal.", "Maurice Ravel __knowledge__ After leaving the Conservatoire, Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity, incorporating elements of baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Piano pedals are foot-operated levers at the base of a piano which change the instrument's sound in various ways.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Modern pianos usually have three pedals, from left to right, the soft pedal (or una corda), the sostenuto pedal, and the sustaining pedal (or damper pedal).", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Some pianos omit the sostenuto pedal, or have a middle pedal with a different purpose such as a muting function also known as silent piano.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ The development of the piano's pedals is an evolution that began from the very earliest days of the piano, and continued through the late 19th century.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Throughout the years, the piano had as few as one modifying stop, and as many as six or more, before finally arriving at its current configuration of three.", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ The hammered dulcimer is a percussion-stringed instrument which consists of strings typically stretched over a trapezoidal resonant sound board.", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ The hammered dulcimer is set before the musician, who, in more traditional styles, may sit cross legged on the floor, or at a more modern style of standing or sitting at a wooden stand on legs.", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ The player holds a small spoon shaped mallet hammer in each hand to strike the strings (\"cf.\"", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ Appalachian dulcimer).", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ The Graeco-Roman \"dulcimer\" (sweet song) derives from the Latin \"dulcis\" (sweet) and the Greek \"melos\" (song).", "Hammered dulcimer __knowledge__ The dulcimer, in which the strings are beaten with small hammers, originated from the psaltery, in which the strings are plucked.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (; May 4, 1655 – January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview carried out by Scipione Maffei.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ From the latter, both Maffei's notes and the published journal article are preserved.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Nothing is known of his early life.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ A tale is told that he served as an apprentice to the great violin maker Nicolò Amati, based on the appearance in a 1680 census record of a \"Christofaro Bartolomei\" living in Amati's house in Cremona.", "Piano maintenance __knowledge__ The piano requires various forms of maintenance to produce its best sound.", "Piano maintenance __knowledge__ Maintenance is also important for the appearance of the piano.", "Piano maintenance __knowledge__ Pianos that are prized by their owners are tuned regularly, usually once every six months for domestic pianos, and always just before a performance in concert halls.", "Piano maintenance __knowledge__ The longer a piano remains out of tune, the more time and effort it will take for a technician to restore it to proper pitch.", "Piano maintenance __knowledge__ When a piano is only slightly out of tune, it loses the glowing tonal quality characteristic of a freshly tuned piano, especially because each note in the middle and upper range is sounded by more than one string, and these may get slightly out of tune with each other.", "Robert Wornum __knowledge__ Robert Wornum (1780–1852) was a piano maker working in London during the first half of the 19th century.", "Robert Wornum __knowledge__ He is best known for introducing small cottage and oblique uprights and an action considered to be the predecessor of the modern upright action which was used in Europe through the early 20th century.", "Robert Wornum __knowledge__ His piano manufacturing business eventually became Robert Wornum & Sons and continued half a century after his death.", "Robert Wornum __knowledge__ Art historian Ralph Nicholson Wornum (1812–1877) was his son.", "Robert Wornum __knowledge__ Robert Wornum was born on 1 October 1780, son of music seller and violin maker Robert Wornum (1742–1815), who worked at Glasshouse street, London, and after about 1777, at 42 Wigmore Street, near Cavendish Square.", "Yangqin __knowledge__ The trapezoidal yangqin () is a Chinese hammered dulcimer, originally from Persia (modern-day Iran).", "Yangqin __knowledge__ It used to be written with the characters 洋琴 (lit.", "Yangqin __knowledge__ \"foreign zither\"), but over time the first character changed to 揚 (also pronounced \"yáng\"), which means \"acclaimed\".", "Yangqin __knowledge__ It is also spelled yang quin or yang ch'in.", "Yangqin __knowledge__ Hammered dulcimers of various types are now very popular not only in China, but also Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India, Iran, and Pakistan.", "Yangqin __knowledge__ The instruments are also sometimes known by the names \"santur\" and \"cymbalom\".", "Yangqin __knowledge__ This instrument had an influence on Thai classical instrument, known as Khim (ขิม)." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "I enjoy playing piano a lot. It is an acoustic , stringed instrument", "No piano. The strings are struck by hammers", "It is played using a keyboard, and you press it down with fingers to cause the hammers to strike the strings" ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "Glasses\nI wear prescription glasses that help me see better. Do you wear glasses?", "I have transition glasses that turn dark when exposed to sunlight. It is much more convenient than carrying two pairs!", "I only recently started wearing prescription glasses. I chose a style that I think makes me look good. Glasses design have come a long way since the huge spectacles of the 1980s!", "Indeed. They also protect against harmful ultraviolet rays. People with cataracts require very strong sunglasses.", "That is interesting. Good thing x-rays are not naturally occurring outside!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off during movement or sports.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck, to prevent the loss of the glasses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect one's eyes against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Typical sunglasses are darkened for protection against bright light or glare; some specialized glasses are clear in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when in bright light.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ They can sometimes also function as a visual aid, as variously termed spectacles or glasses exist, featuring lenses that are colored, polarized or darkened.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, they were also known as sun cheaters (cheaters being an American slang term for glasses).", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ The American Optometric Association recommends sunglasses whenever a person is in the sun to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light, which can cause several serious eye problems.", "Contact lens __knowledge__ A contact lens, or simply contact, is a thin lens placed directly on the surface of the eye.", "Contact lens __knowledge__ Contact lenses are considered medical devices and can be worn to correct vision, or for cosmetic or therapeutic reasons.", "Contact lens __knowledge__ In 2004, it was estimated that 125 million people worldwide use contact lenses, including 28 to 38 million in the United States.", "Contact lens __knowledge__ In 2010, the worldwide market for contact lenses was estimated at $6.1 billion, while the US soft lens market was estimated at $2.1 billion.", "Contact lens __knowledge__ Multiple analysts estimated that the global market for contact lenses would reach $11.7 billion by 2015. , the average age of contact lens wearers globally was 31 years old, and two-thirds of wearers were female.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ New Eyes for the Needy is a non-profit organization started in 1932 as New Eyes (incorporated 1948) and based in Short Hills, New Jersey, which provides people in the United States with eyeglasses and sends recycled eyeglasses to needy people overseas.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ The organization was founded by Julia Lawrence Terry in 1932 in Short Hills, New Jersey.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ Terry worked in the Red Cross during the Great Depression and realized the need for eyeglasses in the US.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ Area residents donated basement space for sorting eyeglasses.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ By the end of the 1940s, the organization was receiving an average of 1,194 glasses monthly.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ Glasses fetishism is the name used to describe a fetishistic attraction to people wearing mainly prescription glasses, although it may include any of several elements, such as a partner wearing prescription glasses, sunglasses, or cosmetic contact lenses, or the fetishists themselves wearing any of these glasses.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ Other related activities include wearing these glasses during sexual acts, and/or ejaculation on glasses.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ In pornography, the term refers to a subgenre also known as spex appeal in which the actresses wear glasses.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ A corrective lens is a lens typically worn in front of the eye to improve vision.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Glasses or \"spectacles\" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Intraocular lenses are surgically implanted most commonly after cataract removal, but can be used for purely refractive purposes.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Corrective lenses are typically prescribed by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ The prescription consists of all the specifications necessary to make the lens.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ An optical head-mounted display (OHMD) is a wearable device that has the capability of reflecting projected images as well as allowing the user to see through it that is augmented reality.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Various techniques have existed for see-through HMDs.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Most of these techniques can be summarized into two main families: \"Curved Mirror\" (or Curved Combiner) based and \"Waveguide\" or \"Light-guide\" based.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ The curved mirror technique has been used by Vuzix in their Star 1200 product, by Olympus, and by Laster Technologies.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Various waveguide techniques have existed for some time.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ These techniques include diffraction optics, holographic optics, polarized optics, and reflective optics: Head-mounted displays are not designed to be workstations, and traditional input devices such as keyboards do not support the concept of smart glasses." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off during movement or sports.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck, to prevent the loss of the glasses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect one's eyes against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Typical sunglasses are darkened for protection against bright light or glare; some specialized glasses are clear in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when in bright light.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ They can sometimes also function as a visual aid, as variously termed spectacles or glasses exist, featuring lenses that are colored, polarized or darkened.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, they were also known as sun cheaters (cheaters being an American slang term for glasses).", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ The American Optometric Association recommends sunglasses whenever a person is in the sun to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light, which can cause several serious eye problems.", "Sun __knowledge__ The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.", "Sun __knowledge__ It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth.", "Sun __knowledge__ Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, i.e.", "Sun __knowledge__ 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.", "Sun __knowledge__ About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph 3D is the name given to the stereoscopic 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different (usually chromatically opposite) colors, typically red and cyan.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph 3D images contain two differently filtered colored images, one for each eye.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ When viewed through the \"color-coded\" \"anaglyph glasses\", each of the two images reaches the eye it's intended for, revealing an integrated stereoscopic image.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ The visual cortex of the brain fuses this into the perception of a three-dimensional scene or composition.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph images have seen a recent resurgence due to the presentation of images and video on the Web, Blu-ray Discs, CDs, and even in print.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model (; ), named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic \"spins\" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1).", "Ising model __knowledge__ The spins are arranged in a graph, usually a lattice, allowing each spin to interact with its neighbors.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model allows the identification of phase transitions, as a simplified model of reality.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model is one of the simplest statistical models to show a phase transition.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model was invented by the physicist , who gave it as a problem to his student Ernst Ising.", "Optical flat __knowledge__ An optical flat is an optical-grade piece of glass lapped and polished to be extremely flat on one or both sides, usually within a few tens of nanometres (billionths of a meter).", "Optical flat __knowledge__ They are used with a monochromatic light to determine the flatness (surface accuracy) of other surfaces, whether optical, metallic, ceramic, or otherwise, by interference.", "Optical flat __knowledge__ When an optical flat is placed on another surface and illuminated, the light waves reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the surface it is resting on.", "Optical flat __knowledge__ This causes a phenomenon similar to thin-film interference.", "Optical flat __knowledge__ The reflected waves interfere, creating a pattern of interference fringes visible as light and dark bands.", "Smartglasses __knowledge__ Smartglasses or smart glasses are wearable computer glasses that add information alongside or to what the wearer sees.", "Smartglasses __knowledge__ Alternatively smartglasses are sometimes defined as wearable computer glasses that are able to change their optical properties at runtime.", "Smartglasses __knowledge__ Smart sunglasses which are programmed to change tint by electronic means are an example of the latter type of smartglasses .", "Smartglasses __knowledge__ Superimposing information onto a field of view is achieved through an optical head-mounted display (OHMD) or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads-up display (HUD) or augmented reality (AR) overlay that has the capability of reflecting projected digital images as well as allowing the user to see through it, or see better with it.", "List of Gin Tama characters __knowledge__ The characters from the anime and manga series \"Gin Tama\" were created by Hideaki Sorachi.", "List of Gin Tama characters __knowledge__ The story is set in Edo, the \"Land of the Samurai\", which has been invaded by aliens named Amanto, who subsequently coexist with humans.", "List of Gin Tama characters __knowledge__ Despite the time, there are various advanced technologies and even spaceships which allow people to travel across space.", "List of Gin Tama characters __knowledge__ Although the series' story is commonly episodic, there are also a few story arcs which are developed through various chapters.", "List of Gin Tama characters __knowledge__ The story starts with teenager Shinpachi Shimura who is saved from a group of Amanto attacking him by the samurai Gintoki Sakata.", "Browline glasses __knowledge__ Browline glasses are a style of eyeglass frames which were very popular during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the United States of America.", "Browline glasses __knowledge__ The name derives from the fact that the bold upper part of the frames frame the lenses in the same way that eyebrows frame the eyes.", "Browline glasses __knowledge__ The glasses were first manufactured by Shuron Ltd. in 1947 under the \"Ronsir\" brand and quickly emulated by various other manufacturers.", "Browline glasses __knowledge__ The design became the most common style of eyeglasses throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s before it was surpassed in popularity by solid plastic styles.", "Browline glasses __knowledge__ Browlines enjoyed a renaissance as sunglasses in the 1980s before returning to popularity in the 2010s, with the rise of retro style and the hipster subculture.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ An optical head-mounted display (OHMD) is a wearable device that has the capability of reflecting projected images as well as allowing the user to see through it that is augmented reality.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Various techniques have existed for see-through HMDs.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Most of these techniques can be summarized into two main families: \"Curved Mirror\" (or Curved Combiner) based and \"Waveguide\" or \"Light-guide\" based.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ The curved mirror technique has been used by Vuzix in their Star 1200 product, by Olympus, and by Laster Technologies.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ Various waveguide techniques have existed for some time.", "Optical head-mounted display __knowledge__ These techniques include diffraction optics, holographic optics, polarized optics, and reflective optics: Head-mounted displays are not designed to be workstations, and traditional input devices such as keyboards do not support the concept of smart glasses.", "PvP __knowledge__ PvP, also known as Player vs Player, is an early video game webcomic, written and drawn by Scott Kurtz.", "PvP __knowledge__ The webcomic follows the events at a fictional video game magazine company.", "PvP __knowledge__ Featuring many running gags and references, with a focus on nerd culture.", "PvP __knowledge__ Dylan Meconis was added as a co-writer in 2013.", "PvP __knowledge__ By 2005, \"PvP\" was receiving around 100,000 unique visitors per day, and the webcomic has seen various print releases.", "PvP __knowledge__ On February 1, 2007, it became the subject of its own animated series.", "PvP __knowledge__ The comic chronicles the adventures of a fictional video game magazine company (later to become a video game publisher) and its employees." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off during movement or sports.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck, to prevent the loss of the glasses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect one's eyes against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Typical sunglasses are darkened for protection against bright light or glare; some specialized glasses are clear in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when in bright light.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ They can sometimes also function as a visual aid, as variously termed spectacles or glasses exist, featuring lenses that are colored, polarized or darkened.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, they were also known as sun cheaters (cheaters being an American slang term for glasses).", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ The American Optometric Association recommends sunglasses whenever a person is in the sun to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light, which can cause several serious eye problems.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ A corrective lens is a lens typically worn in front of the eye to improve vision.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Glasses or \"spectacles\" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Intraocular lenses are surgically implanted most commonly after cataract removal, but can be used for purely refractive purposes.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ Corrective lenses are typically prescribed by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist.", "Corrective lens __knowledge__ The prescription consists of all the specifications necessary to make the lens.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ New Eyes for the Needy is a non-profit organization started in 1932 as New Eyes (incorporated 1948) and based in Short Hills, New Jersey, which provides people in the United States with eyeglasses and sends recycled eyeglasses to needy people overseas.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ The organization was founded by Julia Lawrence Terry in 1932 in Short Hills, New Jersey.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ Terry worked in the Red Cross during the Great Depression and realized the need for eyeglasses in the US.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ Area residents donated basement space for sorting eyeglasses.", "New Eyes for the Needy __knowledge__ By the end of the 1940s, the organization was receiving an average of 1,194 glasses monthly.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ Glasses fetishism is the name used to describe a fetishistic attraction to people wearing mainly prescription glasses, although it may include any of several elements, such as a partner wearing prescription glasses, sunglasses, or cosmetic contact lenses, or the fetishists themselves wearing any of these glasses.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ Other related activities include wearing these glasses during sexual acts, and/or ejaculation on glasses.", "Glasses fetishism __knowledge__ In pornography, the term refers to a subgenre also known as spex appeal in which the actresses wear glasses.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 – December 6, 1988) was an American singer-songwriter known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex song structures, and dark emotional ballads.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, nicknaming him \"the Caruso of Rock\" and \"the Big O\".", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ While most male rock-and-roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbison's songs instead conveyed vulnerability.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ His voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range.", "Roy Orbison __knowledge__ During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes, to match his dyed jet black hair and dark sunglasses (Orbison was actually blonde), which lent an air of mystery to his persona." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off during movement or sports.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck, to prevent the loss of the glasses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect one's eyes against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Typical sunglasses are darkened for protection against bright light or glare; some specialized glasses are clear in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when in bright light.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ They can sometimes also function as a visual aid, as variously termed spectacles or glasses exist, featuring lenses that are colored, polarized or darkened.", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, they were also known as sun cheaters (cheaters being an American slang term for glasses).", "Sunglasses __knowledge__ The American Optometric Association recommends sunglasses whenever a person is in the sun to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation (UV) and blue light, which can cause several serious eye problems.", "Cataract __knowledge__ A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.", "Cataract __knowledge__ Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes.", "Cataract __knowledge__ Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night.", "Cataract __knowledge__ This may result in trouble driving, reading, or recognizing faces.", "Cataract __knowledge__ Poor vision caused by cataracts may also result in an increased risk of falling and depression.", "Cataract __knowledge__ Cataracts are the cause of half of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide.", "Cataract __knowledge__ Cataracts are most commonly due to aging but may also occur due to trauma or radiation exposure, be present from birth, or occur following eye surgery for other problems.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.\"", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Non-ionizing radiation __knowledge__ Non-ionizing (or non-ionising) radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionize atoms or molecules—that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule.", "Non-ionizing radiation __knowledge__ Instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, the electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state.", "Non-ionizing radiation __knowledge__ \"Ionizing radiation\" which has a higher frequency and shorter wavelength than nonionizing radiation, has many uses but can be a health hazard; exposure to it can cause burns, radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic damage.", "Electromagnetic radiation and health __knowledge__ Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on the capability of a single photon with more than 10 eV energy to ionize oxygen or break chemical bonds.", "Electromagnetic radiation and health __knowledge__ Ultraviolet and higher frequencies, such as X-rays or gamma rays are ionizing, and these pose their own special hazards: see \"radiation\" and \"radiation poisoning\".", "Electromagnetic radiation and health __knowledge__ The electric currents that flow through power sockets have associated line-frequency electromagnetic fields.", "Electromagnetic radiation and health __knowledge__ By far the most common health hazard of radiation is sunburn, which causes over one million new skin cancers annually.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is communication through a visual aid and is described as the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication in part or whole relies on vision, and is primarily presented or expressed with two-dimensional images, it includes signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation colour and electronic resources.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ It also explores the idea that a visual message accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or audience to make an impact.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is carried out through visual aids.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Model (person) __knowledge__ A model is a person with a role either to promote, display or advertise commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows), or to serve as a visual aid for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography.", "Model (person) __knowledge__ Modelling (\"modeling\" in American English) is considered to be different from other types of public performance, such as acting or dancing.", "Model (person) __knowledge__ Although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be \"modelling\".", "Model (person) __knowledge__ Types of modelling include: fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, promotional and commercial print models.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off during movement or sports.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck, to prevent the loss of the glasses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect one's eyes against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Typical sunglasses are darkened for protection against bright light or glare; some specialized glasses are clear in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when in bright light.", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ Gamma rays (also called gamma radiation), denoted by the lower-case Greek letter gamma (γ or formula_1 ), are penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ It consists of photons in the highest observed range of photon energy.", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium.", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation \"gamma rays\".", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ Rutherford had previously discovered two other types of radioactive decay, which he named alpha rays and beta rays.", "Gamma ray __knowledge__ The decay of an atomic nucleus from a high energy state to a lower energy state, a process called \"gamma decay\", produces gamma radiation.", "Chemical element __knowledge__ A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or \"Z\").", "Chemical element __knowledge__ 118 elements are identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements.", "Chemical element __knowledge__ There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements.", "Chemical element __knowledge__ Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.", "Chemical element __knowledge__ Chemical elements constitute all of the ordinary matter of the universe.", "Radioactive decay __knowledge__ Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.", "Radioactive decay __knowledge__ A material containing such unstable nuclei is considered radioactive.", "Radioactive decay __knowledge__ Certain highly excited short-lived nuclear states can decay through neutron emission, or more rarely, proton emission.", "Radioactive decay __knowledge__ Radioactive decay is a stochastic (i.e.", "Radioactive decay __knowledge__ random) process at the level of single atoms, in that, according to quantum theory, it is impossible to predict when a particular atom will decay, regardless of how long the atom has existed.", "Carbon __knowledge__ Carbon (from \"coal\") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.", "Carbon __knowledge__ It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.", "Carbon __knowledge__ It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table.", "Carbon __knowledge__ Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years.", "Carbon __knowledge__ Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.", "Carbon __knowledge__ Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.", "Carbon __knowledge__ Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life.", "Astatine __knowledge__ Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with symbol At and atomic number 85.", "Astatine __knowledge__ It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements.", "Astatine __knowledge__ All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.", "Astatine __knowledge__ A sample of the pure element has never been assembled, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity.", "Astatine __knowledge__ The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty.", "Astatine __knowledge__ Many of them have been estimated based on the element's position on the periodic table as a heavier analog of iodine, and a member of the halogens (the group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine).", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations.", "History of chemistry __knowledge__ However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry.", "Radiation __knowledge__ In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This includes: Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles.", "Radiation __knowledge__ Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms.", "Radiation __knowledge__ A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging or photoageing (also known as \"dermatoheliosis\") is a term used for the characteristic changes to skin induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging The deterioration of biological functions and ability to manage metabolic stress is one of the major consequences of the aging process.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Aging is a complex, progressive process that leads to functional and esthetic changes in the skin.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ This process can result from both intrinsic (i.e., genetically determined) as well as extrinsic processes (i.e., environmental factors).", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging is attributed to continuous, long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of approximately 300–400 nm, either natural or synthetic, on an intrinsically aged skin.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UV-C light is weak at the Earth's surface as the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks it.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI devices can produce strong enough UV-C light in circulating air or water systems to make them inhospitable environments to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, molds and other pathogens.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.\"", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave." ] ]

[ 1, 10, 11, 10, 10 ]

[ "Nope I don't wear glasses! But I do like wearing sunglasses, do you have glasses that also work as sunglasses or one of each?", "Oh wow that's cool! I really like wearing sunglasses also because they make me look pretty cool, do you like the way you look with your glasses?", "Sunglasses also work as a visual aid, I think that's really great!", "Yea I've learned about the effects of UV during my studies in nucear engineering. UV rays are strong but not as intense as x-rays", "Nope, but gamma rays are! There's a lot of naturally occurring radiation out there" ]

[ "Glasses", "Glasses", "Glasses", "Glasses", "Glasses" ]

[ "The Hershey Company\nAs crazy as I sound I loved in Hershey Pa. Where the company was based. The entire town smells like chocolate. ", "Yea, I've been The Hershey Museum. They have this corny ride where singing cows tell you the history. ", "I've been to his house. It's actually located about 20 minutes north of Hershey. Yea, even the street lights around down are shaped like Hershey Kisses. ", "I can't imagine what people like it so much. The only good thing in the city was Hershey Park. It's a theme park. I think they have one of the steepest roller coasters in the country. ", "Yes, we lived so close to Hershey park stadium you can hear all the music from the concerts in our yard. Sting was the best show we heard. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is an American company and one of the largest chocolate manufacturers in the world.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolate is available across the United States, due to their wide network of distribution.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ They have three mega distribution centers, with modern technology and labor management systems.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's products are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ In addition, Hershey is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It is also associated with the Hersheypark Stadium and the Giant Center.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After an apprenticeship to a confectioner in 1873, Milton S. Hershey founded a candy shop in Philadelphia.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ This candy shop was only open for six years, after which Hershey apprenticed with another confectioner in Denver, where he learned to make caramel.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After another failed business attempt in New York, Hershey returned to Pennsylvania, where in 1886 he founded the Lancaster Caramel Company.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit __knowledge__ \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit __knowledge__ It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit __knowledge__ The unexpected success of \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" in late 1991 propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where alternative rock entered the mainstream.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit __knowledge__ \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit, reaching number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and placing high on music industry charts all around the world in 1991 and 1992.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit __knowledge__ \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received many critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television.", "Smells Like Nirvana __knowledge__ \"Smells Like Nirvana\" is a parody of Nirvana's song \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", written and performed by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic; it was released both as a single and as part of Yankovic's \"Off the Deep End\" album in April 1992.", "Smells Like Nirvana __knowledge__ \"Smells Like Nirvana\" was written during a three-year career low for Yankovic after the financial failure of his film \"UHF\", but captured the quickly-rising popularity of the grunge style and Nirvana's success.", "Smells Like Nirvana __knowledge__ The song was written to poke fun at the fact that many people had a hard time understanding Nirvana singer Kurt Cobain's lyrics in the original song.", "Smells Like Nirvana __knowledge__ After being unable to contact Nirvana by conventional means, Yankovic called Cobain while the band was on the set of \"Saturday Night Live\", where Cobain quickly gave permission to record the parody.", "&quot;Weird Al&quot; Yankovic __knowledge__ Alfred Matthew \"Weird Al\" Yankovic ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author.", "&quot;Weird Al&quot; Yankovic __knowledge__ He is known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts, original songs that are style pastiches of the work of other acts, and polka medleys of several popular songs, featuring his favored instrument, the accordion.", "&quot;Weird Al&quot; Yankovic __knowledge__ Since his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has sold more than 12 million albums (), recorded more than 150 parody and original songs, and has performed more than 1,000 live shows.", "Smells Like Children __knowledge__ Smells Like Children is an EP by American rock band Marilyn Manson.", "Smells Like Children __knowledge__ It was released on October 24, 1995 in the US through Nothing and Interscope Records.", "Smells Like Children __knowledge__ It was produced by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails.", "Smells Like Children __knowledge__ The release represents an era of the band full of drugs, abuses, tours, sound experiments, and references the Child Catcher, a villain from the 1968 musical film \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\".", "Smells Like Children __knowledge__ The release was initially proposed to strictly be a remix single for \"Dope Hat\", but various contributions by engineer and Skinny Puppy producer Dave Ogilvie, Nine Inch Nails live keyboardist Charlie Clouser and new material by the band resulted in an eclectic and unusual combination of material.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American confectioner and philanthropist.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He founded the Hershey Chocolate Company and the \"company town\" of Hershey, Pennsylvania, eventually becoming a great success.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ As he and his wife had no children, they turned to philanthropy.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He was honored by the United States Postal Service with the issue on September 13, 1995 of a 32¢ Great Americans series (1980–2000) definitive postage stamp (Scott #2933).", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Hershey was born on September 13, 1857 to Henry and Veronica \"Fanny\" Snavely Hershey.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Born the son of a Christian father, his family were members of Pennsylvania's Mennonite community.", "Nevermind __knowledge__ Nevermind is the second studio album by American rock band Nirvana, released on September 24, 1991 by DGC Records.", "Nevermind __knowledge__ Produced by Butch Vig, \"Nevermind\" was the band's first release on DGC.", "Nevermind __knowledge__ It was also their first album to feature drummer Dave Grohl.", "Nevermind __knowledge__ Despite low commercial expectations by the band and its record label, \"Nevermind\" became a surprise success in late 1991, largely due to the popularity of its first single, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\".", "Nevermind __knowledge__ By January 1992, it had replaced Michael Jackson's album \"Dangerous\" at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Nevermind __knowledge__ The album also produced three other successful singles: \"Come as You Are\", \"Lithium\", and \"In Bloom\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is an American company and one of the largest chocolate manufacturers in the world.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolate is available across the United States, due to their wide network of distribution.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ They have three mega distribution centers, with modern technology and labor management systems.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's products are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ In addition, Hershey is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It is also associated with the Hersheypark Stadium and the Giant Center.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After an apprenticeship to a confectioner in 1873, Milton S. Hershey founded a candy shop in Philadelphia.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ This candy shop was only open for six years, after which Hershey apprenticed with another confectioner in Denver, where he learned to make caramel.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After another failed business attempt in New York, Hershey returned to Pennsylvania, where in 1886 he founded the Lancaster Caramel Company.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American confectioner and philanthropist.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He founded the Hershey Chocolate Company and the \"company town\" of Hershey, Pennsylvania, eventually becoming a great success.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ As he and his wife had no children, they turned to philanthropy.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He was honored by the United States Postal Service with the issue on September 13, 1995 of a 32¢ Great Americans series (1980–2000) definitive postage stamp (Scott #2933).", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Hershey was born on September 13, 1857 to Henry and Veronica \"Fanny\" Snavely Hershey.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Born the son of a Christian father, his family were members of Pennsylvania's Mennonite community.", "Hershey's Chocolate World __knowledge__ Hershey’s Chocolate World is the name of eight visitor centers that started in Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Hershey's Chocolate World __knowledge__ Open year-round, Hershey's Chocolate World offers marketplace shops and restaurants, specializing in Hershey's chocolate products.", "Hershey's Chocolate World __knowledge__ Attractions include Hershey's Great Chocolate Factory Mystery in 4D, the Hershey Trolley Works, Wrap Happiness, and a free Chocolate Tour ride.", "Hershey's Chocolate World __knowledge__ The first Hershey's Chocolate World is located off of Hersheypark Drive, in Hershey, Pennsylvania, and is in an entertainment complex that also includes Hersheypark, Hersheypark Stadium, Hersheypark Arena, Hershey Museum, and Giant Center.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat, was built.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ From then on, rides were regularly added, except during World War II.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Hersheypark (known as Hershey Park until 1970) is a family theme park situated in Hershey, Derry Township, Pennsylvania, United States, about east of Harrisburg, and west of Philadelphia.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Founded in 1906 by Milton S. Hershey, as a leisure park for the employees of the Hershey Chocolate Company, the park is wholly and privately owned by Hershey Entertainment & Resorts Company .", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park has won several awards, including the IAAPA Applause Award.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park opened its first roller coaster in 1923, the Wild Cat, an early Philadelphia Toboggan Company coaster.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ In 1970, it began redevelopment plan, which led to new rides, an expansion of the park, and the park's renaming.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team based in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The current Bears club has played in the American Hockey League since the 1938-39 season making it the longest continuously operating member club of the league still playing in its original city.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The Bears currently serve as the primary development club for the NHL's Washington Capitals and have been since the 2005-06 season.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ Since the 2002–03 season the hockey club's home games have been played at Giant Center, located less than half a mile west of Hersheypark Arena, the AHL club's previous home from 1938 to 2002.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Hershey Creamery Company, also known as Hershey's Ice Cream, is a creamery that produces Hershey's brand ice cream, sorbet, sherbet, and frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats such as smoothies and frozen slab style ice cream mixers.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Founded by Jacob Hershey and four of his brothers in 1894 (all of whom have no relation to Milton S. Hershey and the chocolate company that he founded, also in 1894), it was taken over by the Holder family in the 1920s.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ The company was one of the first to offer consumers pre-packaged ice cream pints.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ In 1998, it modernized its operations to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is a British multinational confectionery company owned by Mondelēz International.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is headquartered in Uxbridge, London, and operates in more than fifty countries worldwide.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ Its best known products include Dairy Milk chocolate.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ In 1824, John Cadbury began to sell tea, coffee and drinking chocolate from his premises in Birmingham.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, and later his sons Richard and George.", "History of Cadbury __knowledge__ George developed the Bournville estate, a model village designed to improve the living conditions of company employees." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is an American company and one of the largest chocolate manufacturers in the world.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolate is available across the United States, due to their wide network of distribution.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ They have three mega distribution centers, with modern technology and labor management systems.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's products are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ In addition, Hershey is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It is also associated with the Hersheypark Stadium and the Giant Center.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After an apprenticeship to a confectioner in 1873, Milton S. Hershey founded a candy shop in Philadelphia.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ This candy shop was only open for six years, after which Hershey apprenticed with another confectioner in Denver, where he learned to make caramel.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After another failed business attempt in New York, Hershey returned to Pennsylvania, where in 1886 he founded the Lancaster Caramel Company.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ Hershey's Kisses is a brand of chocolate manufactured by The Hershey Company.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ The bite-sized pieces of chocolate have a distinctive shape, commonly described as flat-bottomed teardrops.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ Hershey's Kisses chocolates are wrapped in squares of lightweight aluminum foil with a narrow strip of paper protruding from the top.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ The Hershey Kisses were first introduced in 1907.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ It is believed that the candy was named Kisses because of the sound and motion made by machine while depositing the chocolate.", "Hershey's Kisses __knowledge__ At first, the Hershey Kisses were wrapped by hand, but in 1921, a machine was made so the Kisses would be wrapped automatically.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Hershey Creamery Company, also known as Hershey's Ice Cream, is a creamery that produces Hershey's brand ice cream, sorbet, sherbet, and frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats such as smoothies and frozen slab style ice cream mixers.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Founded by Jacob Hershey and four of his brothers in 1894 (all of whom have no relation to Milton S. Hershey and the chocolate company that he founded, also in 1894), it was taken over by the Holder family in the 1920s.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ The company was one of the first to offer consumers pre-packaged ice cream pints.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ In 1998, it modernized its operations to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.", "Judge Hershey __knowledge__ Chief Judge Barbara Hershey is a fictional character in the \"Judge Dredd\" series that appears in British comic \"2000 AD\".", "Judge Hershey __knowledge__ For nearly two decades she regularly appeared as Dredd's junior colleague, before being promoted to become his superior in 1999.", "Judge Hershey __knowledge__ She also had her own solo series, \"Judge Hershey\", in the \"Judge Dredd Megazine\" (1992–1996).", "Judge Hershey __knowledge__ Shortly after her graduation from the Academy of Law in 2102 at age eighteen, Judge Hershey was the surprise choice to join the crew of the spaceship \"Justice 1\" for the dangerous deep-space mission to find the Judge Child, who had been abducted by the Angel Gang.", "2012–13 Hershey Bears season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 Hershey Bears season was the franchise's 75th season in the American Hockey League, starting on October 13, 2012, and ending on May 8, 2013, when they were eliminated during the first round of the Calder Cup playoffs.", "2012–13 Hershey Bears season __knowledge__ Due to the 2012–13 National Hockey League lockout, Washington Capitals coach Adam Oates served as co-coach of the Bears alongside head coach Mark French until November.", "2012–13 Hershey Bears season __knowledge__ Several Washington players also played with the Bears for a time, including defenseman Dmitry Orlov and goaltender Braden Holtby, who recorded four season shutouts.", "2012–13 Hershey Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears experienced major offensive problems at the start of the season, resulting in the team's worst 17-game start in eight years.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ U.S. Route 422 (US 422) is a long spur route of US 22 split into two segments in the U.S. states of Ohio and Pennsylvania.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ The western spur of US 422 begins in downtown Cleveland and ends at Ebensburg, Pennsylvania.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ The eastern spur, located entirely within Pennsylvania, begins in Hershey and ends at King of Prussia, PA, near Philadelphia.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ U.S. Route 422 Business is the offshoot road into each of 4 towns along the way.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ The segmented nature of US 422 violates AASHTO numbering, as two separate roadways traditionally do not carry the same route number.", "U.S. Route 422 __knowledge__ However, the two sections of US 422 are connected by US 22 and US 322, allowing the two halves of US 422 to carry the same designation.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American confectioner and philanthropist.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He founded the Hershey Chocolate Company and the \"company town\" of Hershey, Pennsylvania, eventually becoming a great success.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ As he and his wife had no children, they turned to philanthropy.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ He was honored by the United States Postal Service with the issue on September 13, 1995 of a 32¢ Great Americans series (1980–2000) definitive postage stamp (Scott #2933).", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Milton Hershey was born on September 13, 1857 to Henry and Veronica \"Fanny\" Snavely Hershey.", "Milton S. Hershey __knowledge__ Born the son of a Christian father, his family were members of Pennsylvania's Mennonite community.", "Milton Hershey School __knowledge__ The Milton Hershey School is a private philanthropic (pre-K through 12) boarding school in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Hershey School __knowledge__ Originally named the Hershey Industrial School, the institution was founded and funded by chocolate industrialist Milton Snavely Hershey and his wife, Catherine Sweeney Hershey.", "Milton Hershey School __knowledge__ The school was originally established for impoverished, healthy, male orphans, while today it serves students of various backgrounds.", "Milton Hershey School __knowledge__ The Milton Hershey School Trust, which funds the school, owns controlling interest in The Hershey Company and owns the Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company (HE&R) which oversees many of the area hotels along with a theme park called Hersheypark.", "Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 __knowledge__ Hershey, Pennsylvania witnessed a six-day sit-down strike of workers at the Hershey Chocolate Corporation in 1937.", "Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 __knowledge__ The strike ended in violence, as dairy workers and loyal Hershey employees stormed the factory to force out strikers.", "Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 __knowledge__ Eventually, Hershey Corporation workers signed an agreement with the American Federation of Labor through the Bakery and Confectionery International Union, becoming one of the first American candy companies to unionize.", "Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 __knowledge__ Founded in 1894 by Milton Hershey, the Hershey Chocolate Corporation became one of the richest candy companies in existence.", "Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 __knowledge__ In its first three decades, Hershey, Pennsylvania was an idyllic company town that thrived no matter what was going on in the rest of the country.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat, was built.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ From then on, rides were regularly added, except during World War II.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company is a privately held corporation based in Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Milton S. Hershey established HE&R in 1927 to distinguish and separate his chocolate manufacturing company from his other business ventures.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ All his non-chocolate producing businesses were established as Hershey Estates, renamed Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company in 1980.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ In 1894, Milton S. Hershey founded the Hershey Chocolate Company as a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ In 1900, the American Caramel Company offered to purchase the Lancaster Caramel Company for $1 million.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Hershey accepted the offer, maintaining ownership of the Hershey Chocolate Company." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is an American company and one of the largest chocolate manufacturers in the world.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolate is available across the United States, due to their wide network of distribution.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ They have three mega distribution centers, with modern technology and labor management systems.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's products are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ In addition, Hershey is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It is also associated with the Hersheypark Stadium and the Giant Center.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After an apprenticeship to a confectioner in 1873, Milton S. Hershey founded a candy shop in Philadelphia.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ This candy shop was only open for six years, after which Hershey apprenticed with another confectioner in Denver, where he learned to make caramel.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After another failed business attempt in New York, Hershey returned to Pennsylvania, where in 1886 he founded the Lancaster Caramel Company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat, was built.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ From then on, rides were regularly added, except during World War II.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Hersheypark (known as Hershey Park until 1970) is a family theme park situated in Hershey, Derry Township, Pennsylvania, United States, about east of Harrisburg, and west of Philadelphia.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Founded in 1906 by Milton S. Hershey, as a leisure park for the employees of the Hershey Chocolate Company, the park is wholly and privately owned by Hershey Entertainment & Resorts Company .", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park has won several awards, including the IAAPA Applause Award.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park opened its first roller coaster in 1923, the Wild Cat, an early Philadelphia Toboggan Company coaster.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ In 1970, it began redevelopment plan, which led to new rides, an expansion of the park, and the park's renaming.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Roller coaster elements are the individual parts of roller coaster design and operation, such as a track, hill, loop, or turn.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Variations in normal track movement that add thrill or excitement to the ride are often called \"thrill elements\" or \"thrill factor\".", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of track meant to slow or stop a roller coaster train.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Brake runs may be located anywhere or hidden along the circuit of a coaster and may be designed to bring the train to a complete halt or to simply adjust the train's speed.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ The vast majority of roller coasters do not have any form of braking on the train but rather forms of braking that exist on track sections.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ A wooden roller coaster is most often classified as a roller coaster with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on laminated wooden track.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ Occasionally, the support structure may be made out of a steel lattice or truss, but the ride remains classified as a wooden roller coaster due to the track design.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ Because of the limits of wood, wooden roller coasters, in general, do not have inversions (when the coaster goes upside down), steep drops, or extremely banked turns (overbanked turns).", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions; the defunct Son of Beast at Kings Island had a drop and originally had a loop until the end of the 2006 season, although the loop had steel supports.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ Six Flags Magic Mountain is a theme park located in the Santa Clarita, California neighborhood of Valencia, 35 miles northwest of Downtown Los Angeles.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ It opened on May 30, 1971, as Magic Mountain, a development of the Newhall Land and Farming Company.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 1979, Six Flags purchased the park and added the name \"Six Flags\" to the park's title.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ With 19 roller coasters, Six Flags Magic Mountain holds the world record for most roller coasters in an amusement park.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 2015, the park had an estimated 3.3 million visitors ranking it seventeenth in attendance in North America.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ When the park opened, there were 500 employees and 33 attractions, many of which were designed and built by Arrow Development Co. which designed and built many of the original attractions at Disneyland.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is a amusement park located on a Lake Erie peninsula in Sandusky, Ohio.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Opened in 1870, it is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States behind Lake Compounce.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is owned and operated by Cedar Fair and is considered the flagship of the amusement park chain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Known as \"America's Roller Coast\", the park features a world-record 72 rides, including 16 roller coasters – the second-most in the world behind Six Flags Magic Mountain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Its newest roller coaster, Steel Vengeance, is set to open in May 2018.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point's normal operating season runs from early May until Labor Day in September.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Organic farming continues to be developed by various organic agriculture organizations today.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ It relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged.", "Organic farming __knowledge__ In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances.", "Nissan Leaf __knowledge__ The Nissan Leaf is a compact five-door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011.", "Nissan Leaf __knowledge__ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2016 model year Leaf with the 30 kWh battery is on a full battery charge, while the trim with the smaller 24 kWh battery is , the same as the 2014/15 model year.", "Nissan Leaf __knowledge__ Leaf battery packs can be charged from fully discharged to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes using DC fast charging.", "Nissan Leaf __knowledge__ More than 300,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide through January 2018, making the Leaf the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car in history.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ Food irradiation is the process of exposing foodstuffs to ionizing radiation.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ Ionizing radiation is energy that can be transmitted without direct contact to the source of the energy (radiation) capable of freeing electrons from their atomic bonds (ionization) in the targeted food.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ This treatment is used to preserve food, reduce the risk of food borne illness, prevent the spread of invasive pests, and delay or eliminate sprouting or ripening.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ Irradiated food does not become radioactive.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ The radiation can be emitted by a radioactive substance or generated electrically.", "Food irradiation __knowledge__ Irradiation is also used for non-food applications, such as medical devices.", "Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield is a city in western New England, and the seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.", "Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers: the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern Mill River.", "Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 153,060.", "Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Metropolitan Springfield, as one of two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts (the other being Greater Boston), had a population of 692,942 as of 2010.", "Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The first Springfield in the New World, it is the largest city in western New England, and the urban, economic, and cultural capital of Massachusetts' Connecticut River Valley (colloquially known as the Pioneer Valley).", "Norway __knowledge__ Norway ( ; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); ), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.", "Norway __knowledge__ The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom.", "Norway __knowledge__ Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land.", "Norway __knowledge__ Until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland.", "Norway __knowledge__ It also included Bohuslän until 1658, Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266.", "Samsung Electronics __knowledge__ Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼성전자; Hanja: (Literally \"tristar electronics\")) is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea.", "Samsung Electronics __knowledge__ Through extremely complicated ownership structure with some circular ownership, it is the flagship company of the Samsung Group, accounting for 70% of the group's revenue in 2012.", "Samsung Electronics __knowledge__ Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 80 countries and employs around 308,745 people.", "Samsung Electronics __knowledge__ It is the world's largest information technology company by revenue.", "Samsung Electronics __knowledge__ As of October 2017, Samsung Electronics' market cap stood at US$372.0 billion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is an American company and one of the largest chocolate manufacturers in the world.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolate is available across the United States, due to their wide network of distribution.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ They have three mega distribution centers, with modern technology and labor management systems.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ Hershey's products are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ In addition, Hershey is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ It is also associated with the Hersheypark Stadium and the Giant Center.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After an apprenticeship to a confectioner in 1873, Milton S. Hershey founded a candy shop in Philadelphia.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ This candy shop was only open for six years, after which Hershey apprenticed with another confectioner in Denver, where he learned to make caramel.", "The Hershey Company __knowledge__ After another failed business attempt in New York, Hershey returned to Pennsylvania, where in 1886 he founded the Lancaster Caramel Company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat, was built.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ From then on, rides were regularly added, except during World War II.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Hersheypark (known as Hershey Park until 1970) is a family theme park situated in Hershey, Derry Township, Pennsylvania, United States, about east of Harrisburg, and west of Philadelphia.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ Founded in 1906 by Milton S. Hershey, as a leisure park for the employees of the Hershey Chocolate Company, the park is wholly and privately owned by Hershey Entertainment & Resorts Company .", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park has won several awards, including the IAAPA Applause Award.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park opened its first roller coaster in 1923, the Wild Cat, an early Philadelphia Toboggan Company coaster.", "Hersheypark __knowledge__ In 1970, it began redevelopment plan, which led to new rides, an expansion of the park, and the park's renaming.", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ ZooAmerica is a zoo located in Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ The zoo was founded in 1910 by Milton S. Hershey with a few animals, including bears, birds, and deer.", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ Today, the zoo covers 11 acres and is home to more than 75 species and 200 individual animals, including some that are rare and endangered.", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ The zoo is privately controlled by the Hershey Trust Company and is connected to Hershey Park.", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ ZooAmerica is also an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).", "ZooAmerica __knowledge__ In 1905, Franz and Louise Zinner moved to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, from Weisenberg, Germany.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company is a privately held corporation based in Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Milton S. Hershey established HE&R in 1927 to distinguish and separate his chocolate manufacturing company from his other business ventures.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ All his non-chocolate producing businesses were established as Hershey Estates, renamed Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company in 1980.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ In 1894, Milton S. Hershey founded the Hershey Chocolate Company as a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ In 1900, the American Caramel Company offered to purchase the Lancaster Caramel Company for $1 million.", "Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company __knowledge__ Hershey accepted the offer, maintaining ownership of the Hershey Chocolate Company.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ The Miniature Railroad was a ride at Hersheypark from 1910 until 1971.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ The train ran a course along Park Boulevard, near the intersection with Park Avenue, around Spring Creek into Comet Hollow.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ It was the second ride Milton S. Hershey purchased for his park, after buying a carousel.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ While the railroad is no longer in operation, the train has been undergoing restoration since 2007, and was first publicly displayed in 2011.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ Milton S. Hershey, owner of what was then called Hershey Park, had made the decision to purchase a carousel for his amusement park in 1908.", "Miniature Railroad (Hersheypark) __knowledge__ Hershey decided to place the ride on the western side of the park, a considerable distance from the town center of Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, author and former bodybuilder.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is currently signed with WWE under a Legends contract.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Sting is known for his time spent as the public face of two major professional wrestling promotions: the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which displaced the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as the leading professional wrestling organization in the United States from 1995 to 1998, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Borden is regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, having cultivated a legacy over a career spanning more than three decades in which he held 15 world championships.", "Sting (musician) __knowledge__ Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, (born 2 October 1951), better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor.", "Sting (musician) __knowledge__ He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band the Police from 1977 to 1986, and launched a solo career in 1985.", "Sting (musician) __knowledge__ He has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and worldbeat in his music.", "Sting (musician) __knowledge__ As a solo musician and a member of the Police, he has received 16 Grammy Awards (his first in the category of best rock instrumental in 1980, for \"Reggatta de Blanc\"), three Brit Awards, including Best British Male in 1994 and Outstanding Contribution in 2002, a Golden Globe, an Emmy and four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.", "Hershey Entertainment Complex __knowledge__ The Hershey Entertainment Complex is a multi acre facility in Derry Township, Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Entertainment Complex __knowledge__ It houses Hersheypark, Hersheypark Stadium, Star Pavilion, Hersheypark Arena, Giant Center, and the former Parkview Golf Course.", "Hershey Entertainment Complex __knowledge__ The owner of the complex and all of the facilities (excluding the Giant Center - see below) is the Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company (HE&R), based at 300 Park Boulevard in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Entertainment Complex __knowledge__ The premier attraction at the complex is Hersheypark.", "Hershey Entertainment Complex __knowledge__ Hersheypark is a multi acre amusement park featuring over eleven roller coasters and many water rides (see \"The Boardwalk at Hersheypark\" - below.)", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team based in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The current Bears club has played in the American Hockey League since the 1938-39 season making it the longest continuously operating member club of the league still playing in its original city.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ The Bears currently serve as the primary development club for the NHL's Washington Capitals and have been since the 2005-06 season.", "Hershey Bears __knowledge__ Since the 2002–03 season the hockey club's home games have been played at Giant Center, located less than half a mile west of Hersheypark Arena, the AHL club's previous home from 1938 to 2002.", "Pennsylvania Route 39 __knowledge__ Pennsylvania Route 39 (PA 39) is a state highway located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Pennsylvania Route 39 __knowledge__ PA 39 begins at North Front Street near Harrisburg and ends at U.S. Route 322 and U.S. Route 422 near Hummelstown and Hershey.", "Pennsylvania Route 39 __knowledge__ The route passes through the northern and eastern suburbs of Harrisburg and passes by Hersheypark, Giant Center, as well as the primary production factory for The Hershey Company.", "Pennsylvania Route 39 __knowledge__ Between Harrisburg and Manada Hill, it is known as Linglestown Road, from Manada Hill to Hershey as Hershey Road and from Hershey to near Hummelstown and Hershey as Hersheypark Drive.", "Pennsylvania Route 39 __knowledge__ Prior to the establishment of PA 39 in 1937, PA 39, had previously been designated as a route in northeastern Pennsylvania during the 1920s.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Hershey is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The community is located east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Hershey has no legal status as an incorporated municipality, and all its municipal services are provided by Derry Township.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ It is popularly called \"Chocolatetown, USA\".", "Hershey, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Hershey is also referred to as \"The Sweetest Place on Earth\".", "Giant Center __knowledge__ Giant Center is a 10,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place in the Harrisburg metropolitan area.", "Giant Center __knowledge__ It is home to the Hershey Bears ice hockey team, the longest-existing member of the American Hockey League since 1938.", "Giant Center __knowledge__ Giant Center replaced the Hersheypark Arena as the Bears' home venue in 2002.", "Giant Center __knowledge__ Giant Center is owned by the Derry Township Industrial and Commercial Development Authority, as much of the money for its construction was provided by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.", "Giant Center __knowledge__ It is operated by Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company, with the naming rights owned by the Giant-Carlisle grocery store chain based in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.", "Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association __knowledge__ The Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, Inc. (PIAA) is one of the governing bodies of high school and junior high school sports for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.", "Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association __knowledge__ The PIAA main office is located in the Harrisburg suburb of Mechanicsburg.", "Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association __knowledge__ Beginning in Pittsburgh, on December 29, 1913, the PIAA was charged with serving its member schools and registered officials by establishing policies and adopting contest rules that emphasize the educational values of interscholastic athletics, promote safe and sportsmanlike competition, and provide uniform standards for all interscholastic levels of competition." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6, 8, 7 ]

[ "Oh man that would be awesome! The Hershey Company is America's largest chocolate manufacturer (and the world)", "Ha! Really? That's awesome. It was founded by Milton Hershey in 1894!", "That's so cool. I love that! Herhey's products are sold in over 60 countries!", "Well, it's iconic I suppose. That tends to draw in crowds. It is also associated with Hersheypark stadium and Giant Center", "I would love to live near a stadium...but I feel it might get annoying after a time. Hershey is also a member of the World Cocoa Foundation" ]

[ "The Hershey Company", "The Hershey Company", "The Hershey Company", "The Hershey Company", "The Hershey Company" ]

[ "Perfectionism (psychology)", "Wow, it must be rough being crazy, huh?", "Yikes, have you went to seek help from a doctor? ", "Nah, just set your mind to it and you can do anything. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionism, in psychology, is a personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting high performance standards, accompanied by critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists agree that there are many positive and negative aspects.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives people to attempt to achieve an unattainable ideal, while their adaptive perfectionism can sometimes motivate them to reach their goals.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In the end, they derive pleasure from doing so.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ When perfectionists do not reach their goals, they often fall into depression.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable goals, and measure their self-worth by productivity and accomplishment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Pressuring oneself to achieve unrealistic goals inevitably sets the person up for disappointment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists tend to be harsh critics of themselves when they fail to meet their standards.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ D. E. Hamachek in 1978 argued for two contrasting types of perfectionism, classifying people as tending towards normal perfectionism or neurotic perfectionism.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Normal perfectionists are more inclined to pursue perfection without compromising their self-esteem, and derive pleasure from their efforts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionism, in psychology, is a personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting high performance standards, accompanied by critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists agree that there are many positive and negative aspects.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives people to attempt to achieve an unattainable ideal, while their adaptive perfectionism can sometimes motivate them to reach their goals.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In the end, they derive pleasure from doing so.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ When perfectionists do not reach their goals, they often fall into depression.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable goals, and measure their self-worth by productivity and accomplishment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Pressuring oneself to achieve unrealistic goals inevitably sets the person up for disappointment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists tend to be harsh critics of themselves when they fail to meet their standards.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ D. E. Hamachek in 1978 argued for two contrasting types of perfectionism, classifying people as tending towards normal perfectionism or neurotic perfectionism.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Normal perfectionists are more inclined to pursue perfection without compromising their self-esteem, and derive pleasure from their efforts.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Ben Huh is a South-Korean-American internet entrepreneur and the CEO of The Cheezburger Network, which at its peak in 2010 received 375 million views a month across its 50 sites.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Rancho Cordova, California, attending Cordova High School there.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ In 1999, Huh graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in journalism, although English was not his first language.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ With regards to this, he said “I got a degree in a language I didn’t speak because I felt something in the power of media that attracted me.” The Web's influence on journalism was growing, and Huh decided to go into a career in the Internet.", "John Huh __knowledge__ John Huh (Korean: 허찬수, born May 21, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in New York City to Korean parents.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He moved to South Korea shortly after his birth and he lived there for 12 years, then moved to Chicago, Illinois for three years, and then to Los Angeles, California.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He attended California State University, Northridge for two weeks before turning professional in 2008.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh left college due to the lack of core courses, preventing him from receiving a scholarship and being approved for NCAA competition.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh played on the Korean Tour for three years.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man (born June 26, 1947) is a South Korean manhwa artist.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man was born Heo Hyeong-man in present-day Yeosu, a far southern coastal city of South Jeolla Province, South Korea in 1947.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ He was the third child of eight children born to father Heo Jong (허종) and mother Park Ok-jeong (박옥정).", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Before and after the liberation of Korea from Japan in 1945, Huh's father had worked as a local policeman.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ When the Yeosu Rebellion occurred in 1948, Huh's family was in danger of being killed by the rebels.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ In contrast to Huh's father, his uncle was a communist, so that Huh's family was ironically protected by both sides.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Inner critic __knowledge__ The inner critic or \"critical inner voice\" is a concept used in popular psychology and psychotherapy to refer to a subpersonality that judges and demeans a person.", "Inner critic __knowledge__ A concept similar in many ways to the Freudian superego as inhibiting censor, or the negative Jungian animus, the inner critic is usually experienced as an inner voice attacking a person, saying that he or she is bad, wrong, inadequate, worthless, guilty, and so on.", "Inner critic __knowledge__ The inner critic often produces feelings of shame, deficiency, low self-esteem, and depression.", "Inner critic __knowledge__ It may also cause self-doubt and undermine self-confidence.", "Inner critic __knowledge__ It is common for people to have a harsh inner critic that is debilitating.", "Operation Bribie __knowledge__ Operation Bribie (17–18 February 1967), also known as the Battle of Ap My An, was fought during the Vietnam War in Phuoc Tuy province between Australian forces from the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (6 RAR) and two companies of Viet Cong from D445 Battalion, likely reinforced by North Vietnamese regulars.", "Operation Bribie __knowledge__ During the night of 16 February the Viet Cong attacked a South Vietnamese Regional Force compound at Lang Phuoc Hai, before withdrawing the following morning after heavy fighting with South Vietnamese forces.", "Operation Bribie __knowledge__ Two hours later, a Viet Cong company was reported to have formed a tight perimeter in the rainforest north of Lang Phuoc Hai, near the abandoned hamlet of Ap My An.", "Self-compassion __knowledge__ Self-compassion is extending compassion to one's self in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering.", "Self-compassion __knowledge__ Kristin Neff has defined self-compassion as being composed of three main components – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.", "Self-compassion __knowledge__ Self-compassion has been considered to resemble Carl Rogers' notion of \"unconditional positive regard\" applied both towards clients and oneself; Albert Ellis' \"unconditional self-acceptance\"; Maryhelen Snyder's notion of an \"internal empathizer\" that explored one's own experience with \"curiosity and compassion\"; Ann Weiser Cornell's notion of a gentle, allowing relationship with all parts of one's being; and Judith Jordan's concept of \"self-empathy\", which implies acceptance, care and empathy towards the self.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from \"The Walking Dead\" television series based on the eponymous comic book series.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Although some characters appear in both the television and comic serieses, the continuity of the television series is not shared with the original comic book series.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Rick Grimes, portrayed by Andrew Lincoln, is a former sheriff's deputy from a small Georgia town.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ He is often described as an everyman — smart, calm, just, and a good friend, husband and father, but with his own set of flaws.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Rick is a natural leader even when he might doubt himself, but these doubts contribute to the ups and downs his character experiences throughout the series.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ In ethics and value theory, perfectionism is the persistence of will in obtaining the optimal quality of spiritual, mental, physical, and material being.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ The neo-Aristotelean Thomas Hurka describes perfectionism as follows: This moral theory starts from an account of the good life, or the intrinsically desirable life.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ And it characterizes this life in a distinctive way.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ Certain properties, it says, constitute human nature or are definitive of humanity—they make humans human.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ The good life, it then says, develops these properties to a high degree or realizes what is central to human nature.", "Perfectionism (philosophy) __knowledge__ Different versions of the theory may disagree about what the relevant properties are and so disagree about the content of the good life.", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one's environment, at the expense of flexibility, openness to experience, and efficiency.", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Workaholism and miserliness are also seen often in those with this personality disorder.", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Persons affected with this disorder may find it hard to relax, always feeling that time is running out for their activities, and that more effort is needed to achieve their goals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionism, in psychology, is a personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting high performance standards, accompanied by critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists agree that there are many positive and negative aspects.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives people to attempt to achieve an unattainable ideal, while their adaptive perfectionism can sometimes motivate them to reach their goals.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In the end, they derive pleasure from doing so.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ When perfectionists do not reach their goals, they often fall into depression.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable goals, and measure their self-worth by productivity and accomplishment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Pressuring oneself to achieve unrealistic goals inevitably sets the person up for disappointment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists tend to be harsh critics of themselves when they fail to meet their standards.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ D. E. Hamachek in 1978 argued for two contrasting types of perfectionism, classifying people as tending towards normal perfectionism or neurotic perfectionism.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Normal perfectionists are more inclined to pursue perfection without compromising their self-esteem, and derive pleasure from their efforts.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Internet interventions for posttraumatic stress __knowledge__ Internet Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress have grown in popularity due to the limits that many patients face in their ability to seek therapy to treat their symptoms.", "Internet interventions for posttraumatic stress __knowledge__ These limits include lack of resources and residing in small towns or in the countryside.", "Internet interventions for posttraumatic stress __knowledge__ These patients may find it difficult to seek treatment because they do not have geographical access to treatment, and this can also limit the time they have to seek help.", "Internet interventions for posttraumatic stress __knowledge__ Additionally, those who live in rural areas may experience more stigma related to mental health issues.", "Internet interventions for posttraumatic stress __knowledge__ Internet interventions can increase the possibility that those who suffer from PTSD can seek help by eliminating these barriers to treatment.", "Help-seeking __knowledge__ Help-seeking theory postulates that people follow a series of predictable steps to seek help for their inadequacies, it is a series of well-ordered and purposeful cognitive and behavioral steps, each leading to specific types of solutions.", "Help-seeking __knowledge__ Help seeking theory falls into two categories where some consider similarity in the process' (e.g.", "Help-seeking __knowledge__ Cepeda-Benito & Short, 1998) while others consider it as dependent upon the problem (e.g.", "Help-seeking __knowledge__ Di Fabio & Bernaud, 2008).", "Help-seeking __knowledge__ In general help seeking behaviors are dependent upon three categories, attitudes (beliefs and willingness) towards help-seeking, intention to seek help, and actual help-seeking behavior.", "Symptoms of victimization __knowledge__ Victimization refers to a person being made into a victim by someone else and can take on psychological as well as physical forms, both of which are damaging to victims.", "Symptoms of victimization __knowledge__ Forms of victimization include (but are not limited to) bullying or peer victimization, physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, robbery, and assault.", "Symptoms of victimization __knowledge__ Some of these forms of victimization are commonly associated with certain populations, but they can happen to others as well.", "Symptoms of victimization __knowledge__ For example, bullying or peer victimization is most commonly studied in children and adolescents but also takes place between adults.", "Symptoms of victimization __knowledge__ Although anyone may be victimized, particular groups (e.g.", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ Steven Weissman (b. June 4, 1968, in California) is an award-winning alternative cartoonist best known for his offbeat and bizarre explorations of childhood friendships.", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ His work has been published by Alternative Comics, Fantagraphics, Retrofit and Vice.", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ Weissman made his name with the Harvey and Ignatz award-nominated 1997 series \"Yikes!", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ \", published by Alternative Comics.", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ Described as a \"light tragedy,\" \"Yikes\" comics featured Li'l Bloody, the Pullapart Boy and additional \"Peanuts\" sized children modeled after popular monsters.", "Steven Weissman __knowledge__ As a comic magazine, \"Yikes\" was short lived, but the title continued to be published as book-length collections through Fantagraphics Books until 2010.", "Bipolar II disorder __knowledge__ Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced \"type two bipolar\" or \"bipolar type two\" disorder) is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression.", "Bipolar II disorder __knowledge__ Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode (unless caused by an antidepressant; otherwise one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder).", "Bipolar II disorder __knowledge__ Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania and does not significantly impact quality of life.", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes of ABS-CBN's \"May Bukas Pa.\" This soap opera premiered on February 2, 2009 and ended on February 5, 2010.", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ \"Found abounded as an infant in a cemetery, Santino is adopt by a group of priests in a small town, who all pitch in to raise him as a little boy.", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ Santino grows up happily in the church living with the priests, who raise him as their own. \"", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ \"Santino was kidnapped by an unknown man in the middle of the night.", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ It was later revealed that this man is Olegario Pineda, a criminal who Mario have imprisoned years ago.", "List of May Bukas Pa episodes __knowledge__ Mario suspects that Olegario kidnapped Santino to take revenge, however, this is not the real reason.", "Great Depression __knowledge__ The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, originating in the United States.", "Great Depression __knowledge__ The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until 1941.", "Great Depression __knowledge__ It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.", "Great Depression __knowledge__ In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.", "Great Depression __knowledge__ The depression started in the United States after a major fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday).", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Causes of the Great Depression __knowledge__ The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century have been extensively discussed by economists and remain a matter of active debate.", "Causes of the Great Depression __knowledge__ They are part of the larger debate about economic crises.", "Causes of the Great Depression __knowledge__ The specific economic events that took place during the Great Depression are well established.", "Causes of the Great Depression __knowledge__ There was an initial stock market crash that triggered a \"panic sell-off\" of assets.", "Causes of the Great Depression __knowledge__ This was followed by a deflation in asset and commodity prices, dramatic drops in demand and credit, and disruption of trade, ultimately resulting in widespread unemployment (over 13 million people were unemployed by 1932) and impoverishment.", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt __knowledge__ The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4, 1933, when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States, and ended upon his death on April 12, 1945, a span of (4422 days).", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt __knowledge__ Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression.", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt __knowledge__ Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election.", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt __knowledge__ He won a record four presidential terms, and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II.", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt __knowledge__ His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as the New Deal, involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy.", "New Deal __knowledge__ The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression.", "New Deal __knowledge__ Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA).", "New Deal __knowledge__ These programs included support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly as well as new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and changes to the monetary system.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms present.", "Major depressive disorder __knowledge__ Major depressive disorder can negatively affect a person's personal, work, or school life, as well as sleeping, eating habits, and general health.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1990 Pacific hurricane season is the fifth-most active season on record and is the third-most active season in terms of ACE Indices.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The season was officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ However, these bounds were slightly exceeded when Hurricane Alma formed on May 12.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Hurricane Alma became the third earliest tropical cyclone in the Eastern Pacific basin since the satellite era began in 1966, while Trudy is the third strongest October eastern Pacific hurricane on record." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionism, in psychology, is a personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting high performance standards, accompanied by critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional characteristic, as psychologists agree that there are many positive and negative aspects.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In its maladaptive form, perfectionism drives people to attempt to achieve an unattainable ideal, while their adaptive perfectionism can sometimes motivate them to reach their goals.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ In the end, they derive pleasure from doing so.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ When perfectionists do not reach their goals, they often fall into depression.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists strain compulsively and unceasingly toward unobtainable goals, and measure their self-worth by productivity and accomplishment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Pressuring oneself to achieve unrealistic goals inevitably sets the person up for disappointment.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Perfectionists tend to be harsh critics of themselves when they fail to meet their standards.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ D. E. Hamachek in 1978 argued for two contrasting types of perfectionism, classifying people as tending towards normal perfectionism or neurotic perfectionism.", "Perfectionism (psychology) __knowledge__ Normal perfectionists are more inclined to pursue perfection without compromising their self-esteem, and derive pleasure from their efforts.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ Natalia de Barros Cardoso (born 22 March 1993) is a Brazilian actress, blogger, and YouTuber with more than 6 million followers on social networks, her blogs are a fashion reference for many young people.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ In 2016 she was named one of the celebrities on the Notorious Brazil's list.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ Natalia de Barros Cardoso, known only as Nah Cardoso, is an actress, blogger and YouTuber, Nah Cardoso is one of the most influential personalities of the Internet in Brazil.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ In 2013 Nah Cardoso had 200,000 followers on Instagram, today she has over 5 million and 700 thousand followers.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ \"Nah Cardoso rose on the internet and won thousands of fans with her charisma, transmitted through her photos, phrases and videos posted on social networks\" says Natalia in a blog.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong, yet combustible base in organic synthesis.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ NaH is representative of the saline hydrides, meaning it is a salt-like hydride, composed of Na and H ions, in contrast to the more molecular hydrides such as borane, methane, ammonia and water.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ It is an ionic material that is insoluble in organic solvents (although soluble in molten Na), consistent with the fact that H remains an unknown anion in solution.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ Because of the insolubility of NaH, all reactions involving NaH occur at the surface of the solid.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Rama is one of the indigenous languages of the Chibchan family spoken by the Rama people on the island of Rama Cay and south of lake Bluefields on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Other indigenous languages of this region include Miskito and Sumu .", "Rama language __knowledge__ Rama is one of the northernmost languages of the Chibchan family .", "Rama language __knowledge__ The Rama language is severely endangered.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Their language was described as \"dying quickly for lack of use\" as early as the 1860s .", "Rama language __knowledge__ By 1980, the Rama were noted as having \"all but lost their original ethnic language\", and had become speakers of a form of English creole instead .", "Rama language __knowledge__ In 1992, only approximately 36 fluent speakers could be found among an ethnic population of 649 individuals in 1992 .", "Keith Nah __knowledge__ Keith Nah (born 20 July 1995), is a Liberian footballer who plays for Yadanarbon as a striker.", "Keith Nah __knowledge__ He is a right-footed attacker, and is the first Liberian footballer to become top scorer in consecutive seasons in two different leagues in the same country.", "Keith Nah __knowledge__ Born July 20, 1995, Nah started his football career with club Vinton Professional playing in the Liberian third division league.", "Keith Nah __knowledge__ After playing several seasons with Vinton in the third league, he helped his side gain promotion to the Liberia Football second division league.", "Keith Nah __knowledge__ Vinton finished as runner up to league winners Green Pasture FC, and Nah won himself the second division Most Valuable Player (MVP) title.", "CODCO __knowledge__ CODCO was a Canadian comedy troupe from Newfoundland, best known for a sketch comedy series which aired on CBC Television from 1987 to 1992.", "CODCO __knowledge__ Founded as a theatrical revue in 1973, \"CODCO\" drew on the province's cultural history of self-deprecating \"Newfie\" humour, frequently focusing on the cod fishing industry.", "CODCO __knowledge__ The troupe's name was an abbreviation of \"Cod Company\".", "CODCO __knowledge__ Following the end of \"CODCO\", two of the troupe's core members and an occasional guest collaborator, as well as some of their sketch characters, moved on to the new series \"This Hour Has 22 Minutes\".", "CODCO __knowledge__ In 1973, Tommy Sexton and Diane Olsen wrote a comedic show about Canadian stereotypes of Newfoundlanders, \"Cod on a Stick\".", "Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich __knowledge__ Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich (from Spanish and Yucatec Maya meaning \"Giant Birdcage System\"), is located south of Akumal in Tulum Municipality of Quintana Roo state, southeastern Mexico.", "Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich __knowledge__ It is part of the group of underwater cave systems.", "Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich __knowledge__ It is an extensive water filled cave system connected with the Caribbean Sea, fed via a coastal spring in a cenote with a variety of names, including \"Cenote Manati\", \"Cenote Tankah\", and \"Casa Cenote\" after a nearby restaurant.", "Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich __knowledge__ The explored cave system extends to approximately inland from the coast.", "Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich __knowledge__ Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich was discovered to be connected to the Sistema Sac Actun, making the Sac Actun the longest surveyed underwater cave system in the world.", "Behaalotecha __knowledge__ Behaalotecha, Beha'alotecha, Beha'alothekha, or Behaaloscha ( — Hebrew for \"when you step up,\" the 11th word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 36th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Numbers.", "Behaalotecha __knowledge__ The parashah tells of the Menorah in the Tabernacle, the consecration of the Levites, the Second Passover, how a cloud and fire led the Israelites, the silver trumpets, how the Israelites set out on their journeys, complaining by the Israelites, and how Miriam and Aaron questioned Moses.", "Behaalotecha __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes It is made up of 7,055 Hebrew letters, 1,840 Hebrew words, and 136 verses, and can occupy about 240 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Scream/Childhood __knowledge__ \"Scream\"/\"Childhood\" is the lead single from Michael Jackson's ninth studio album, \"\".", "Scream/Childhood __knowledge__ The A-side of the single, \"Scream\", is a duet with his younger sister Janet Jackson, while the corresponding B-side, \"Childhood\", is a solo piece.", "Scream/Childhood __knowledge__ The single was released on May 31, 1995.", "Scream/Childhood __knowledge__ \"Scream\" is cited primarily as an aggressive, retaliatory song directed at the tabloid media and their coverage of the child sexual abuse accusations made against Michael Jackson in 1993.", "Scream/Childhood __knowledge__ \"Scream\" was written, composed and produced by Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson; Michael played many of the instruments.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Development of Deus Ex __knowledge__ An approximately 20-person team at Ion Storm developed \"Deus Ex\", a cyberpunk-themed action-role playing video game, over the course of 34 months, culminating in a June 2000 release.", "Development of Deus Ex __knowledge__ Team director and producer Warren Spector began to plan the game in 1993 after releasing \"\" with Origin Systems and attempted the game both there and at Looking Glass Technologies before going into production with Ion Storm.", "Development of Deus Ex __knowledge__ Official preproduction began around August 1997, lasted for six months, and was followed by 28 months of production.", "Development of Deus Ex __knowledge__ Spector saw their work as expanding on the precedent set by Origin, Looking Glass, and Valve Corporation.", "GQM+Strategies __knowledge__ GQMStrategies is a method that provides concepts and actionable steps for creating the link between goals and strategies across an organization and allows for measurement-based decision-making.", "GQM+Strategies __knowledge__ It was developed by Victor Basili, Jens Heidrich, Mikael Lindvall, Jürgen Münch, Myrna Regardie, Carolyn B.", "GQM+Strategies __knowledge__ Seaman, and Adam Trendowicz.", "GQM+Strategies __knowledge__ The method was originally developed for organizations having a strong focus on IT and the development of software systems, but the method's popularity has grown to other domains and can be applied to any organization.", "GQM+Strategies __knowledge__ The book Aligning Organizations through Measurement gives a comprehensive overview of the method, provides actionable guidance, case studies, and practical applications.", "World War I __knowledge__ World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.", "World War I __knowledge__ More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.", "World War I __knowledge__ Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 7, 8 ]

[ "i have a harsh inner critic. i want perfectionism where I strive for flawlessness.", "Just a little. When I do not reach my goals, I fall into a depression.", "Luckily no. But I need to stop pressuring myself to achieve unrealistic goals.", "Thank you. I am a harsh critic when I fail to meet my standards." ]

[ "Perfectionism (psychology)", "Perfectionism (psychology)", "Perfectionism (psychology)", "Perfectionism (psychology)" ]

[ "Golden Retriever\nI just love the Golden Retriever breed! Pretty much all my dogs where retrievers ", "Yes they do!! I had a swamp by my house growing up and she always went in ", "We did, but, she always got out, It's okay we lived in a small town in the country so she ALWAYS came home", "much better, but she did love the beach!! WE now live in the south and I see a lot of GR on the dog beach! They LOVE the ocean", "she was!! After my surgery she would help me pass notes back and forth to my mom in the other room! She would even bring me things I needed! I would say \" Ginger get me my sweater\" and she would!!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Flat-Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Flat-Coated Retriever is a gundog breed originating from the United Kingdom.", "Flat-Coated Retriever __knowledge__ It was developed as a retriever both on land and in the water.", "Flat-Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Flat-Coated Retriever breed standard calls for males to be tall at the withers, with a recommended weight of 60–80 lb (27–36 kg), and for females to be , with a recommended weight of 55–75 lb (25–34 kg).", "Flat-Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Flat-Coated Retriever has strong muscular jaws and a relatively long muzzle to allow for the carrying of birds and upland game.", "Flat-Coated Retriever __knowledge__ Its head is unique to the breed and is described as being \"of one piece\" with a minimal stop and a backskull of about the same length as the muzzle.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is often referred to as a \"toller\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ Tollers are known to be intelligent, easy to please, alert, and high-energy dogs.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The name \"toller\" is derived from their ability to lure waterfowl within gunshot range.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed originated in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club ranks the toller as the 87th most popular dog breed.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the community of Little River Harbour in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, around the beginning of the 19th century.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ It is best known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.", "Tweed Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being \"long famous\" for a breed of water spaniel of which were \"invariably brown\".", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ The Swamp Thing (Dr. Alec Holland) is a fictional character and antihero in comic books published by DC Comics.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ He is a humanoid/plant elemental creature, created by writer Len Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ Swamp Thing has had several humanoid or monster incarnations in various different storylines.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ He first appeared in \"House of Secrets\" #92 (July 1971) in a stand-alone horror story set in the early 20th century.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ The character then returned in a solo series, set in the contemporary world and in the general DC continuity.", "Swamp Thing __knowledge__ The character is a swamp monster that resembles an anthropomorphic mound of vegetable matter.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ The fictional character Swamp Thing has appeared in five American comic book series to date, including several specials, and has crossed over into other DC Comics titles.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ The series found immense popularity upon its 1970s debut and during the mid-late 1980s under Alan Moore, Steve Bissette, and John Totleben.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ These eras were met with high critical praise and numerous awards.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ However, over the years, Swamp Thing comics have suffered from low sales which have resulted in numerous series cancellations and revivals.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ The first \"Swamp Thing\" series ran for 24 issues, from 1972 to 1976.", "Swamp Thing (comic book) __knowledge__ Len Wein was the writer for the first 13 issues before David Michelinie and Gerry Conway finished up the series.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Monster Swamp __knowledge__ \"Monster Swamp\" is the fourth episode of the supernatural drama television series, \"Preacher\", which originally aired on AMC in the United States on June 19, 2016.", "Monster Swamp __knowledge__ The episode was written by Sara Goodman and directed by Craig Zisk.", "Monster Swamp __knowledge__ Cassidy (Joseph Gilgun) tries to tell Jesse (Dominic Cooper) about Fiore (Tom Brooke) and DeBlanc (Anatol Yusef), though it falls on deaf ears as Jesse is distracted by the thought of rebooting All Saints Congregational, wanting more visitors.", "Monster Swamp __knowledge__ He later converts atheist Odin Quincannon (Jackie Earle Haley) to Christianity, using his power, in front of the entire congregation to achieve that goal.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ Abigail \"Abby\" Arcane Cable Holland is a fictional comic book character in the DC Comics Universe.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ She is the wife and partner of the Swamp Thing and is the mother of Tefé Holland.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ Holland possesses natural shining white hair, the color of fresh snow, with two overlapping black streaks of hair starting from above her evenly wide forehead.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ Holland's psychic powers include empathy, telepathy and telekinesis.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ She first appeared in \"Swamp Thing\" #3 (1973) and was created by Len Wein and Bernie Wrightson Abby Holland is born Abigail Arcane, in Transylvania, Romania in late 1955.", "Abby Holland __knowledge__ The birth takes place at Castle Arcane, her family's ancestral home.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ A hunting dog refers to a canine that hunts with or for humans.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ There are several types of hunting dogs developed for various tasks.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ The major categories of hunting dogs include hounds, terriers, dachshunds, cur type dogs, and gun dogs.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Among these categories further divisions can be made based upon the dogs' skill sets.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ For a list of breeds of each type, see the detailed articles for each category: Spaniels definitively fall into two types: ones that seek prey in water and others that seek it on land.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Spaniels are the oldest class of gundog in existence, going back at least to the late Renaissance.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Neutering, from the Latin \"neuter\" (\"of neither sex\"), is the removal of an animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part.", "Neutering __knowledge__ \"Neutering\" is often used incorrectly to refer only to male animals, but the term actually applies to both sexes.", "Neutering __knowledge__ The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing.", "Neutering __knowledge__ In male horses, castrating is referred to as \"gelding\".", "Neutering __knowledge__ Modern veterinary practice tends to use the term de-sexing.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Neutering is the most common method for the sterilization of animals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman of the Liberal Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ He was the last Prime Minister to lead a majority Liberal government and played a central role in the design and passage of major liberal legislation.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ In August 1914, Asquith took the United Kingdom into the First World War, but resigned amid political conflict in December 1916 and was succeeded by his War Secretary, David Lloyd George.", "H. H. Asquith __knowledge__ Asquith's father owned a small business but died when Asquith was seven.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark\", he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim, originally envisioned by King as a separate character, in \"The Dark Tower\" series.", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ \"I've Always Got You\" is a single by American vocalist Robin Zander, best known as lead vocalist for the American rock band Cheap Trick.", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ The single was released in 1993 as the lead single from Zander's debut solo album \"Robin Zander\".", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ The song was written by Mike Campbell of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers fame, Zander and J.D.", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ Souther.", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ Released as the lead single from the \"Robin Zander\" album, the track was a Top 20 hit on the American Mainstream Rock Chart, peaking at #13 and lasting within the chart for seven weeks.", "I've Always Got You __knowledge__ In Canada, it peaked at #64 on the singles chart, lasting within the Top 100 for four weeks.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The freedom to roam, or \"everyman's right\", is the general public's right to access certain public or privately owned land for recreation and exercise.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The right is sometimes called the right of public access to the wilderness or the \"right to roam\".", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ In Scotland, the Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Central European countries of Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland, the freedom to roam takes the form of general public rights which are sometimes codified in law.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The access is ancient in parts of Northern Europe and has been regarded as sufficiently basic that it was not formalised in law until modern times.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Dead Dog Beach __knowledge__ Dead Dog Beach,\" also known as Sato Beach,\" is located within the municipality of Yabucoa on Puerto Rico's south-eastern coast.", "Dead Dog Beach __knowledge__ The name \"Dead Dog Beach\" is attributed to this spot because it is known as the dumping spot for a large number of stray animals, mainly dogs, which the inhabitants of Yabucoa can no longer afford to keep.", "Dead Dog Beach __knowledge__ Most of the dogs at Sato beach are not spayed or neutered because, in Puerto Rican \"culture\", the cutting of a dog's \"manhood\" is frowned upon and even seen as cruel.", "Dead Dog Beach __knowledge__ This lack of neutering allows the stray dogs to breed uncontrollably, which gives rise to more homeless dogs.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County in Southern California.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ The city is named after American businessman Henry E. Huntington.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ The population was 189,992 during the 2010 census, making it the most populous beach city in Orange County and the seventh most populous city in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ Its estimated 2014 population was 200,809.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ It is bordered by Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area on the west, the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, by Seal Beach on the northwest, by Westminster on the north, by Fountain Valley on the northeast, by Costa Mesa on the east, and by Newport Beach on the southeast.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ Long Beach is a city on the Pacific Coast of the United States, within the Greater Los Angeles area of Southern California.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ As of 2010, its population was 462,257.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ It is the 36th most populous city in the United States and the 7th most populous in California.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ Long Beach is the second largest city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and the third largest in Southern California behind Los Angeles and San Diego.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world's largest shipping ports.", "Long Beach, California __knowledge__ The city also maintains a progressively declining oil industry with minor wells located both directly beneath the city as well as offshore.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ Ocean Beach (also known as O.B.)", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ is a beachfront neighborhood of San Diego, California.", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ Ocean Beach lies on the Pacific Ocean at the estuary of the San Diego River, at the western terminus of Interstate 8.", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ Located about northwest of Downtown San Diego, it sits south of Mission Bay and Mission Beach and directly north of Point Loma.", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ The O.B.", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ community planning area comprises about 1 square mile (742 acres), bounded on the north by the San Diego River, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Froude St., Seaside St. and West Point Loma Boulevard, and on the south by Adair Street.", "Ocean Beach, San Diego __knowledge__ The beach's initial name was Mussel Beach, for the mussels available there.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ Nugzar Valeryevich Kvirtia (; born September 16, 1984) is a Georgian professional football player who plays for Shuvalan in the Azerbaijan First Division.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ Kvirtia was born in Tbilisi on 16 September 1984.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ His father Valeriy Appolonovich Kvirtia was a professional football player in Khobi, Squri, FC Guria Lanchkhuti and his mother is a cook.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ The family was forced to move from Georgia to Moscow because of the war in the country.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ The first steps in football began in the Russian FSHM school in the Luzhniki Stadium, two years became the winner of the Cup among his age.", "Nugzar Kvirtia __knowledge__ Kvirtia started his career in 2000 at FC Dinamo Tbilisi (Youth).", "Country Life (Show of Hands album) __knowledge__ Country Life is the eleventh studio album by English acoustic roots duo Show of Hands.", "Country Life (Show of Hands album) __knowledge__ Released in 2003, it marks a departure for the band, with stronger socially and politically lyrics than the duo's previous albums, as well as showcasing the duo exploring a larger musical palette.", "Country Life (Show of Hands album) __knowledge__ Some of the album's lyrics concern rural issues which Knightley had taken to heart in previous years, including in the aftermath of their previous lyrical album \"Cold Frontier\" (2001).", "Country Life (Show of Hands album) __knowledge__ Prior to the release of \"Country Life\", the duo had released an instrumental album named \"The Path\".", "Country Life (Show of Hands album) __knowledge__ Both \"The Path\" and \"Country Life\" were released close together.", "Metro-land __knowledge__ Metro-land (or Metroland) is a name given to the suburban areas that were built to the north-west of London in the counties of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Middlesex in the early part of the 20th century that were served by the Metropolitan Railway (the Met).", "Metro-land __knowledge__ The railway company was in the privileged position of being allowed to retain surplus land; from 1919 this was developed for housing by the nominally independent Metropolitan Railway Country Estates Limited (MRCE).", "Metro-land __knowledge__ The term \"Metro-land\" was coined by the Met's marketing department in 1915 when the \"Guide to the Extension Line\" became the \"Metro-land guide\".", "The Path (album) __knowledge__ The Path is the tenth studio album by English acoustic roots duo Show of Hands, released in April 2003.", "The Path (album) __knowledge__ The album was conceived as an \"instrumental journey\" around the South West Coast Path, a 630-mile coastline path opened in 1978 in the duo's native West Country, and a celebration of the coastline's \"sights and sounds\".", "The Path (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's only completely instrumental album, with each of its songs named after and inspired by different locations on the path.", "The Path (album) __knowledge__ It was a project between Show Of Hands and The South West Coast Path Team, as part of the latter's celebrations for the silver jubilee (25th anniversary) of the path.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Pastoral __knowledge__ A pastoral lifestyle (see pastoralism) is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.", "Pastoral __knowledge__ It lends its name to a genre of literature, art, and music that depicts such life in an idealized manner, typically for urban audiences.", "Pastoral __knowledge__ A \"pastoral\" is a work of this genre, also known as bucolic, from the Greek , from , meaning a cowherd.", "Pastoral __knowledge__ Pastoral is a mode of literature in which the author employs various techniques to place the complex life into a simple one.", "Pastoral __knowledge__ Paul Alpers distinguishes pastoral as a mode rather than a genre, and he bases this distinction on the recurring attitude of power; that is to say that pastoral literature holds a humble perspective toward nature.", "Country Life (magazine) __knowledge__ Country Life is a British weekly perfect-bound, glossy magazine, based in London at 110 Southwark Street (until March 2016 when it became based in Farnborough, Hampshire), and owned by Time Inc UK.", "Country Life (magazine) __knowledge__ \"Country Life\" was launched in 1897, incorporating \"Racing Illustrated\".", "Country Life (magazine) __knowledge__ At this time it was owned by Edward Hudson, the owner of Lindisfarne Castle and various Lutyens-designed houses including The Deanery in Sonning.", "Country Life (magazine) __knowledge__ At that time golf and racing served as its main content, as well as the property coverage, initially of manorial estates, which is still such a large part of the magazine.", "Country Life (magazine) __knowledge__ Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the late Queen Mother, used to appear frequently on its front cover." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Pass Notes __knowledge__ Pass Notes is a regular tongue-in-cheek feature in UK newspaper \"The Guardian\", first published in the short-lived \"Sunday Correspondent\" newspaper in 1989.", "Pass Notes __knowledge__ It has been published in \"The Guardian\" since 1992, with a 4-year hiatus between 2005 and 2009.", "Pass Notes __knowledge__ On 28 June 2011, the 3,000th Pass Notes was published.", "Pass Notes __knowledge__ Pass Notes - usually published four times a week on page 3 of \"The Guardian\" - was originally billed as 'A daily briefing on contemporary people and events which may be of use to those whose commitments do not permit them to immerse themselves in current affairs as fully as they might wish'.", "Pass Notes __knowledge__ It follows a question-and-answer pattern between two unidentified persons, one of whom apparently asks (or answers) rather dumb questions about the subject, which can be anything from real people (living or dead) to buildings, countries, food or more abstract entities.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Throughout the various episodes in \"As Told by Ginger\", a number of recurring characters appear.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Prominent characters are listed here.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Ginger Foutley is an average 14-year-old girl and the main protagonist in the series.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ She was not considered \"popular\" until Courtney Gripling, the stereotypical \"school diva\", decided to befriend her.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Through Ginger, Courtney is able to view how the world works outside of the popular clique.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ However, Courtney's \"right-hand woman\", Miranda Killgallen, becomes increasingly jealous of Courtney and Ginger's relationship, and stops at nothing to relegate Ginger to her previous role of geek.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Guiding Eyes for the Blind is one of eleven accredited schools in the U.S. for training guide dogs — dogs trained to lead the blind and visually impaired.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ With its headquarters, training center and veterinary clinic in Yorktown Heights, New York, Guiding Eyes also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York and a training site in White Plains, New York.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ The school offers a program designed for blind and visually impaired students with additional developmental or physical challenges, such as deafness or seizure disorders.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Dogs and staff are specifically selected and receive extra training to enable them to assist these students.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 4, 8, 8 ]

[ "I love Golden Retrievers and am considering buying one! I would love to go swimming with one since they love the water and are very obedient!", "Oh that is awesome! Did you have her fenced in? I would imagine she would have a tendency to roam around and maybe get lost.", "Oh that sounds perfect since they are better suited for suburban or country life!", "Really? Did you notice she was helpful with daily activities? Golden Retrievers are usually used for assisting people with disabilities, such as blindness or deafness.", "That is really sweet! They are such amazing companions. They also help in hunting, aiding people with hearing issues, and search and rescue efforts!" ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever" ]

[ "Pizza\nI'm pretty sure pizza is the most perfect food in the world. It's comforting, can be healthy or not, and such a great dish to share or eat alone. ", "Can be suited for any and every taste. My personal favorite is a thin, crispy crust. ", "I'm lazy, so I actually prefer to have my pizza delivered. St. Louis style is similar to Detroit style I think, but is on that thin crispy crust like I mentioned. ", "Right, food, no matter what it is, is so much better when you basically don't have to do any work for it. ", "Exactly, pizza is never a wrong choice." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Mildenhall Treasure __knowledge__ The Mildenhall Treasure is a large hoard of masterpieces of Roman silver tableware from the 4th century AD, and by far the most valuable Roman objects artistically and by weight of bullion in Britain.", "Mildenhall Treasure __knowledge__ It was found at West Row, near Mildenhall, Suffolk, in the year 1942.", "Mildenhall Treasure __knowledge__ It consists of over thirty items and includes the Great Dish weighing over 8kg alone.", "Mildenhall Treasure __knowledge__ The collection is on view in the British Museum because of its immense importance and value, and replicas are on show in the local museum at Mildenhall.", "Mildenhall Treasure __knowledge__ The hoard was discovered while ploughing in January 1942 by Gordon Butcher, who removed it from the ground with help from Sydney Ford, for whom he was working at the time.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators __knowledge__ The Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) is a comprehensive source of information on agricultural research and development (R&D) statistics.", "Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators __knowledge__ ASTI compiles, analyzes, and publicizes data on institutional developments, investments, and capacity trends in agricultural R&D in low- and middle-income countries worldwide.", "Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators __knowledge__ ASTI has published a broad set of country briefs and regional synthesis reports that describe general human and financial capacity trends in agricultural R&D at national, regional, and global levels.", "Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators __knowledge__ ASTI comprises a network of national, regional, and international agricultural R&D agencies and is hosted and facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "KVYE __knowledge__ KVYE, virtual channel 7 (UHF digital channel 22), is a Univision-affiliated television station located in El Centro, California, that also serves Yuma, Arizona.", "KVYE __knowledge__ Owned by Entravision Communications (minority owned by Univision's parent, Univision Communications), the station is operated as part of a virtual duopoly with UniMás affiliate KAJB (channel 54), which is owned by Calipatria Broadcasting Company but operated by Entravision via a joint sales agreement.", "KVYE __knowledge__ KYVE maintains transmitter facilities located atop Black Mountain, while KYVE and KAJB share studio facilities located on North Imperial Avenue in El Centro.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ Scorched rice is a thin crust of slightly browned rice at the bottom of the cooking pot.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is produced during the cooking of rice over direct heat from a flame.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ Scorched rice is known as \"cucayo\", \"pegao\", \"cocolón\", \"concolón\", \"raspa\", \"raspado\", and \"concón\" in the Caribbean.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Colombian cuisine, scorched rice is called \"pega\" or \"pego\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is often consumed with vegetable toppings as a cracker, or served in soups.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ It is also eaten alone or used to make leftovers.", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Dominican cuisine, scorched rice is called \"concón\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ In Puerto Rican cuisine, scorched rice is called \"pegao\".", "Scorched rice __knowledge__ \"Cucayo\" is the name given to the bottom layer of rice when prepared in an iron cauldron in the Caribbean Coast.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Butterbrot __knowledge__ The German word \"Butterbrot\" (literally: butter bread = bread with butter) describes a slice of bread topped with butter.", "Butterbrot __knowledge__ The words in formal and colloquial German and the different dialects for \"butterbrot\" (different from \"belegtes Brot\" - with cheese, sausages etc.", "Butterbrot __knowledge__ ), simply \"Brot\" (\"bread\"), \"Butterstulle\", \"Stulle\", \"Schnitte\" (all three Northeast/Berlin dialect), \"Bütterken\" (Rheinland dialect) to \"Bemme\" (Saxon dialect) or \"Knifte\" (Ruhr dialect).", "Butterbrot __knowledge__ Although it is increasingly replaced by other foods, it remains a common staple food in Germany.", "Butterbrot __knowledge__ Since 1999, the last Friday in the month of September was made the day of butterbrot by the Marketing Organization of German Agricultural Industries.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ Veggies of Nottingham, also known as Veggies Catering Campaign, is a company and a campaigning group based in Nottingham, England, promoting ethical alternatives to mainstream fast food.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ It does this by hosting events such as the annual East Midlands Vegan Festival, publishing books and leaflets, and maintaining an extensive website, including a Contacts Directory of groups with similar aims.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ As a non-profit worker co-operative it also provides affordable, wholesome, minimally-packaged vegan catering at a wide range of events and protests using fair trade, organic and/or locally sourced ingredients." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, which marks Missouri's border with Illinois.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It took its name, short for \"Arts Décoratifs\", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.", "Blues __knowledge__ The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, and the folk music of white Americans of European heritage.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.", "Blues __knowledge__ The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.", "Techno __knowledge__ Techno is a form of electronic dance music that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, in the United States during the mid-to-late 1980s.", "Techno __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the word \"techno\" in reference to a specific genre of music was in 1988.", "Techno __knowledge__ Many styles of techno now exist, but Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.", "Techno __knowledge__ In Detroit, techno resulted from the melding of African American music including Chicago house, funk, electro, and electric jazz with electronic music by artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder, and Yellow Magic Orchestra.", "Techno __knowledge__ Added to this is the influence of futuristic and fictional themes relevant to life in American late capitalist society, with Alvin Toffler's book \"The Third Wave\" being a notable point of reference." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This article is designed to give background into the organization and tactics of Civil War armies.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This brief survey is by no means exhaustive, but it should give enough material to have a better understanding of the capabilities of the forces that fought the American Civil War.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ Understanding these capabilities should give insight into the reasoning behind the decisions made by commanders on both sides.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ The Regular Army of the United States on the eve of the Civil War was essentially a frontier constabulary whose 16,000 officers and men were organized into 198 companies scattered across the nation at 79 different posts.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ The Summit Series, or Super Series (in Russian \"Суперсерия СССР — Канада\"; \"Superseriya SSSR — Canada\"), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League (NHL), known as \"Team Canada\".", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "Turing's proof __knowledge__ Turing's proof is a proof by Alan Turing, first published in January 1937 with the title \"On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.\"", "Turing's proof __knowledge__ It was the second proof of the assertion (Alonzo Church's proof was first) that some decision problems are \"undecidable\": there is no single algorithm that infallibly gives a correct \"yes\" or \"no\" answer to each instance of the problem.", "Turing's proof __knowledge__ In his own words: \"...what I shall prove is quite different from the well-known results of Gödel ...", "Turing's proof __knowledge__ I shall now show that there is no general method which tells whether a given formula U is provable in K [\"Principia Mathematica\"]...\" (\"Undecidable\", p. 145).", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.", "Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan by his parents George and Lenore Romney, he spent 2½ years in France as a Mormon missionary, starting in 1966.", "Mitt Romney __knowledge__ He married Ann Davies in 1969, and they have five sons.", "Mitt Romney __knowledge__ By 1971, he had participated in the political campaigns of both parents.", "Mitt Romney __knowledge__ He earned a BA from Brigham Young University in 1971 and a joint JD–MBA from Harvard University in 1975.", "McDelivery __knowledge__ McDelivery is a McDonald's service that delivers food to the customer's door.", "McDelivery __knowledge__ The service was introduced in parts of the United States beginning in 1993 and is available in many Asian, Middle Eastern and Latin American countries using motorcycle couriers.", "McDelivery __knowledge__ In some countries, delivery is available 24 hours a day, and in at least one location, the service is free with a minimum order.", "McDelivery __knowledge__ McDelivery is available in Australia, Bahrain, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, Germany, Georgia, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.", "Food delivery __knowledge__ Food delivery is a service in which a restaurant, store, or independent food delivery company delivers food to a customer.", "Food delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either through a restaurant or grocer's website or phone, or through a food ordering company, like GrubHub or UberEATS.", "Food delivery __knowledge__ The delivered items can include entrees, sides, drinks, desserts, or grocery items and are typically delivered in boxes or bags.", "Food delivery __knowledge__ The delivery person will normally drive a car, but in bigger cities where homes and restaurants are closer together, they may use bikes or motorized scooters.", "Food delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the delivery company, choose to pay online or in person, with cash or card.", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ \"The March to Freedom\" is the eighth episode of the first season of the television series \"\".", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ Written by Adam Armus and Nora Kay Foster and directed by Harley Cokeliss, it first aired in the United States on March 6, 1995.", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ A man named Bellus is leading a group of settlers to a new home, one of whom is a man named Cyrus and his fiancée Oi-Lan.", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ They are attacked by a group of men and Bellus is revealed to be in on the trap.", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ Bellus is the leader of these men and the settlers are now hostages that Bellus intends to auction off as slaves in Hercules' home town.", "The March to Freedom __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Hercules came home to visit.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ This is a list of products and services offered by American corporation Amazon.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ Amazon product lines include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs, videotapes, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry and watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ The company launched amazon.com Auctions, a web auctions service, in March 1999.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ However, it failed to chip away at the large market share of the industry pioneer, eBay.", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ Uber Eats (previously stylized as UberEATS) is an American online meal ordering and delivery platform based in San Francisco, California and launched by the ride hailing company Uber Technologies in 2014.", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ It partners with restaurants in dozens of cities around the world.", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ Ordering can be done on their website or with a smartphone/tablet application (only iOS and Android).", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ The website claims a delivery time of 30 minutes or less.", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ Uber Technologies Inc. was founded in 2009 by Garrett Camp (also the founder of StumbleUpon), and Travis Kalanick.", "Uber Eats __knowledge__ The company made its foray into food delivery in August, 2014 with the launch of the UberFRESH service in Santa Monica, California.", "Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid __knowledge__ The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, also known as Prius PHV and Prius Prime (U.S.), is a plug-in hybrid manufactured by Toyota.", "Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid __knowledge__ The first generation Prius plug-in was produced from 2012 to 2016.", "Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid __knowledge__ Its total all-electric range in blended mode is as rated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).", "Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid __knowledge__ The EPA fuel economy rating is 95 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (2.5 L/100 km; 114 mpg-imp) in charge-depleting (all-electric or EV mode) and a combined city/highway rating of in hybrid mode, the same as the conventional Prius liftback.", "Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid __knowledge__ The second generation Prius plug-in is called the \"Prius Prime\" in the United States and \"Prius PHV\" in Japan and Europe." ] ]

[ 2, 31, 4, 55, 68 ]

[ "It also can be topped with all kinds of things. Veggies, Meats, and many other condiments.", "There are many different styles of pizza, including Detroit style. Similar to Chicago style, yet it's rectangular.", "I love delivery. I feel like we're so lucky to have the ability to get on the internet, type some stuff in, and 20 minutes later a pizza arrives, lol. Not like back when it was invented in Naples.", "And with a modest delivery fee and a tip for the driver, it's totally worth it.", "Hopefully Uber Eats partners with pizza restaurants in everyones town so they can have the best pizza delivered!" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "No, but i really want a big truck with a lift kit", "I'm not a big fan of Fords. I've heard they aren't that reliable" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Big Truck (horse) __knowledge__ Big Truck (February 12, 2005 – March 4, 2010) was an American Thoroughbred Racehorse.", "Big Truck (horse) __knowledge__ Sired by Hook and Ladder, he was a great-grandson of Northern Dancer, out of the mare Just A Ginny, a daughter of the 1994 Kentucky Derby winner, Go for Gin.", "Big Truck (horse) __knowledge__ Trained until the fall of 2009 by Barclay Tagg, owned by Eric Fein and ridden by Ramon Dominguez, Big Truck broke his maiden on August 23, 2007, at Saratoga Race Course, winning by about 6 and half lengths over runner-up Post Exchange.", "Big Truck (horse) __knowledge__ Prior to his next start in the Bertram F. Bongard Stakes at Belmont Park on September 23, 2007, trainer Tagg noted that Big Truck might be his best two-year-old in a barn that had many promising colts for the Triple Crown.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo studio album by American singer-actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965, by Imperial Records.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced for Cher by her then husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ At the same time that the duo Sonny & Cher were debuting on Atco Records, Sonny Bono arranged a solo deal for Cher on the Imperial label.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Coal Chamber (album) __knowledge__ Coal Chamber is the eponymous debut album by American nu metal band Coal Chamber.", "Coal Chamber (album) __knowledge__ It was released on February 11, 1997 by Roadrunner Records and contains the single \"Loco\".", "Coal Chamber (album) __knowledge__ The Special Edition of the album contains the bonus tracks \"Headstones and the Walking Dead\", \"Big Truck (Hand-On-Wheel Mix)\", \"Pig (Demo)\", \"Sway (Demo)\", \"Unspoiled (Demo)\", and \"Loco (Demo)\" (all of which are available on \"Giving the Devil His Due\").", "Coal Chamber (album) __knowledge__ The DVD features 2 of the band's concerts, a live video of \"Loco\", and the music video of \"Loco\".", "Coal Chamber (album) __knowledge__ The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA, with an excess of 500,000 copies in the United States and is the band's most successful album.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music).", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\".", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol.", "Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company __knowledge__ The Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company (1909-1939) was a manufacturer of trucks in Syracuse, New York.", "Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company __knowledge__ The Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company was founded in 1909 and manufactured trucks in Syracuse for over 30 years until 1939.", "Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company __knowledge__ The company was backed by prominent Syracusans such as; J. F. Durston, head of the Lefever Arms Company, which was making automobile transmissions as a side venture, and C. Hamilton Sanford, a local banking executive.", "Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company __knowledge__ The first truck produced was called the \"Sanbert\" and was designed by Charles Herbert.", "Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company __knowledge__ He had been an engineer for Franklin Automobile Company and served in the same capacity in the new organization until ill health forced him to retire in 1912.", "The Byrds __knowledge__ The Byrds were an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964.", "The Byrds __knowledge__ The band underwent multiple lineup changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn (known as Jim McGuinn until mid-1967) remaining the sole consistent member, until the group disbanded in 1973.", "The Byrds __knowledge__ Although they only managed to attain the huge commercial success of contemporaries like the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Rolling Stones for a short period in the mid-60s, the Byrds are today considered by critics to be one of the most influential bands of the 1960s.", "The Byrds __knowledge__ Their signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinn's jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar was immediately absorbed into the vocabulary of popular music and has continued to be influential up to the present day.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full -size pickup truck line from 1960 until 2000 in the United States, from 1965 to 2000 in Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed.", "Chevrolet Silverado __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Silverado, and its mechanically identical cousin, the GMC Sierra, are a series of full-size and heavy-duty pickup trucks manufactured by General Motors and introduced in 1998 as the successor to the long-running Chevrolet C/K line.", "Chevrolet Silverado __knowledge__ The Silverado name was taken from a trim level previously used on its predecessor, the Chevrolet C/K pickup truck from 1975 through 1998.", "Chevrolet Silverado __knowledge__ General Motors continues to offer a GMC-badged variant of the Chevrolet full-size pickup under the GMC Sierra name, first used in 1987 for its variant of the GMT400 platform trucks.", "Chevrolet Silverado __knowledge__ Although General Motors introduced its first pickup truck in 1930, the term \"Silverado\" was a designation used only to detail the trim for the Chevrolet C/K pickup trucks, Suburbans, and Tahoes from 1975 through 1999.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Ford Bronco is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV, predating the term SUV) manufactured and marketed by Ford from 1966 to 1996, over five generations of vehicles.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Ford has described plans to reintroduce the Bronco in 2020.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Bronco was introduced in 1966 as a competitor to the small four-wheel-drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout; it was built on its own platform.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ A major redesign in 1978 enlarged the Bronco, using a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with the similarly adapted Chevy K5 Blazer and the Dodge Ramcharger.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Most Broncos are equipped with a swing-away spare tire carrier on the outside of the rear door.", "Ford Excursion __knowledge__ The Ford Excursion is a heavy duty (Class 2), extended-length sport utility vehicle that was produced by Ford from 1999 to 2005, launched in late September 1999 for the North American market.", "Ford Excursion __knowledge__ The longest and heaviest SUV ever to enter mass production, the Excursion was based upon the Ford F-250 Super Duty pickup truck.", "Ford Excursion __knowledge__ A ¾-ton chassis vehicle, the Ford Excursion was designed as a competitor for the 2500-series (also ¾-ton) Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon XL.", "Ford Excursion __knowledge__ Due to criticism over its large size, poor fuel economy, and declining sales, the Excursion was discontinued after the 2005 model year in the United States (Mexico received a short 2006 production run).", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ A pickup truck is a light duty truck having an enclosed cab and an open cargo area with low sides and tailgate.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ Once a work tool with few creature comforts, in the 1950s consumers began purchasing pickups for lifestyle reasons and by the 1990s less than 15 percent of owners reported use in work as the pickup truck's primary purpose.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ Today in North America, the pickup is mostly used like a passenger car and accounts for about 18 per cent of total vehicles sold in the US.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ The term pickup is of unknown origin.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ It was used by Studebaker in 1913 and by the 1930s \"pick-up\" (hyphenated) had become the standard term." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters who appear in the series Static Shock.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Virgil Ovid Hawkins/Static (Phil LaMarr) He is an African-American 9th grade high school student in Dakota City.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ As a result of accidental exposure to an experimental mutagen in an event known as the Big Bang, he gained the ability to control and manipulate electromagnetism, and uses these powers to become a superhero named \"Static.\"", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Countless others who were also exposed gained a wide variety of mutations and abilities, and Static spends much of his time dealing with these \"Bang Babies\", many of whom use their abilities in selfish, harmful, and even criminal ways.Virgil is named after the first African-American to go to law school (who was himself named for the Roman poets Virgil and Ovid).", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Gauntlgrym is a fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore set in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting; it is the first book in the Neverwinter Saga.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Released in October 2010, it follows the continued adventures of drow elf renegade, Drizzt Do'Urden.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ This story is set 24 years after the end of \"Transitions: The Ghost King\".", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ \"Gauntlgrym\" begins in the year 1409, DR in the dwarven complex of Mithral Hall.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ King Bruenor Battlehammer, with Drizzt Do'Urden, sits on his throne and mourns over the loss of his friend Regis and his adoptive daughter Catti-brie nearly 24 years before.", "Gauntlgrym __knowledge__ Both Companions of the Hall were lost to the deadly effects of the Spellplague.", "Christchurch Transport Board __knowledge__ The Christchurch Transport Board was an autonomous special-purpose municipal authority responsible for the construction, acquisition, and ownership of local transport assets and the operation of public transport services in the Christchurch region of New Zealand’s South Island.", "Christchurch Transport Board __knowledge__ Constituted as the Christchurch Tramway Board in 1902, it operated trams and buses to Christchurch's outer suburbs and satellite towns for years until being disestablished in 1989 by local government reforms.", "Christchurch Transport Board __knowledge__ The Board assumed control of the existing network of privately run tramways and converted these to electric operation whilst also extending the network.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ Neverwinter is a fantasy novel by American author R. A. Salvatore.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ Released in October 2011, it is set in the Forgotten Realms campaign world.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ It is the second book in the Neverwinter Saga.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ It follows the continued adventures of drow elf renegade Drizzt Do'Urden.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ This story is set days after the events of \"Gauntlgrym\" and brings back both familiar and unfamiliar characters.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ The story begins shortly after the events occurring in Gauntlgrym.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ Drizzt and Dahlia are in the wilderness of the north planning on returning to Neverwinter.", "Neverwinter (novel) __knowledge__ Dahlia explains to Drizzt that although the Dread Ring has been broken Sylora Salm will make it her priority to reestablish it by any means necessary.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ Full-size Ford is the popular term for a long-running line of Ford vehicles which have been produced in North America with a large degree of similarity since the Model T in 1908, up to the Crown Victoria, which ceased production in late 2011.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ The term full-size does not necessarily indicate it was large relative to its competitors, but that it was the largest and most complete model offered by Ford.", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ The Model T's 134-inch overall length makes it substantially shorter than a current-generation Fiesta hatchback (160.1\" OAL).", "Full-size Ford __knowledge__ American automobiles in the early years were usually only identified by make and year (such as a 1952 Ford).", "Eileen Ford __knowledge__ Eileen Ford (née Ottensoser; March 25, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an American model agency executive and co-founder, in 1946, with her husband, Gerard \"Jerry\" Ford, of Ford Models, one of the earliest and internationally best known modelling agencies in the world.", "Eileen Ford __knowledge__ Eileen Cecile Ottensoser was born in Manhattan and raised in suburban Great Neck, Long Island, the only daughter of four children of Loretta Marie (née Laine) and Nathaniel Ottensoser.", "Eileen Ford __knowledge__ Eileen had been a model during the summers of her freshman and sophomore years at Barnard College, modeling for the Harry Conover Modeling Agency, one of the first in the United States.", "Big Fan __knowledge__ Big Fan is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Robert D. Siegel, and starring Patton Oswalt, Kevin Corrigan, Marcia Jean Kurtz, Michael Rapaport, and Scott Ferrall.", "Big Fan __knowledge__ The story revolves around the bleak yet amiable life of the self-described \"world’s biggest New York Giants fan\", Paul Aufiero (Oswalt).", "Big Fan __knowledge__ \"Big Fan\" garnered positive reviews at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival.", "Big Fan __knowledge__ The film had a limited release in the United States beginning on August 28, 2009.", "Big Fan __knowledge__ Paul Aufiero (Patton Oswalt) is a parking garage attendant who lives with his mother (Marcia Jean Kurtz) in Staten Island, New York.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Ford Bronco is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV, predating the term SUV) manufactured and marketed by Ford from 1966 to 1996, over five generations of vehicles.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Ford has described plans to reintroduce the Bronco in 2020.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Bronco was introduced in 1966 as a competitor to the small four-wheel-drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout; it was built on its own platform.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ A major redesign in 1978 enlarged the Bronco, using a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with the similarly adapted Chevy K5 Blazer and the Dodge Ramcharger.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Most Broncos are equipped with a swing-away spare tire carrier on the outside of the rear door.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition is the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing body and mechanical components.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Currently in its third model generation, a fourth-generation Ford Expedition is slated to enter production for the 2018 model year.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ The Ford E-Series (also known as the Ford Econoline and Ford Club Wagon throughout various stages of its production) is a range of full-size vans produced by the American automaker Ford since 1960.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1961 model year as the replacement for the Ford F-Series panel van, four generations of the model line have been produced.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ In addition to cargo van and passenger van body styles, the Ford E-Series has been produced as a cutaway van chassis and stripped chassis (a chassis without bodywork).", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ With a 56-year production run, the Ford E-Series is the second longest-produced nameplate by Ford worldwide; only the Ford F-Series (1948–present) has been produced longer." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "I own a Ford F-Series light duty pickup. Do you own a truck?", "That would be very useful. You should consider the Ford F-Series as it's been the best selling truck in the United States since 1981.", "Well Canada sure likes them. They're the best selling vehicle there too." ]

[ "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series" ]

[ "Vegetarianism", "I see, and what made you come to such a decision? ", "Did all the recent debate on animal cruelty in farms also influence your decision? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Criminal procedure in South Africa refers to the adjudication process of that country's criminal law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It forms part of procedural or adjectival law, and describes the means by which its substantive counterpart, South African criminal law, is applied.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has its basis mainly in English law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ When the British occupied the Cape permanently in 1806, they retained the Roman-Dutch legal system.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ They concluded, however, that the criminal justice system was archaic, and so introduced one based on their own in 1828.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has been developed over the years to suit local conditions.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The South African system today is basically accusatorial: that is, the state accuses and the accused defends.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Buddhist vegetarianism is the belief that following a vegetarian diet is implied in the Buddha's teaching.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, however, the views on vegetarianism vary between different schools of thought.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ According to Theravada, the Buddha allowed his monks to eat pork, chicken and fish if the monk was aware that the animal was not killed on their behalf.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ The Mahayana schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet; according to some sutras the Buddha himself insisted that his followers should not eat the flesh of any sentient being.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Monks of the Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma Net Sutra are forbidden by their vows from eating flesh of any kind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (animal neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, regardless of whether the act is against the law.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievement, such as killing animals for food or for their fur; opinions differ about the extent of cruelty associated with a given method of slaughter.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, defined as zoosadism.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Divergent approaches to laws concerning animal cruelty occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "RSPCA Australia __knowledge__ RSPCA Australia (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is an Australian peak organisation established in 1981 to promote animal welfare.", "RSPCA Australia __knowledge__ Each state and territory of Australia has an RSPCA organisation that predates and is affiliated with RSPCA Australia.", "RSPCA Australia __knowledge__ The national body is funded in part by the Australian Government but relies on corporate sponsorship, fundraising events and voluntary donations for its income.", "RSPCA Australia __knowledge__ It describes itself as a \"federated organisation made up of the eight independent state and territory RSPCA Societies.\"", "RSPCA Australia __knowledge__ RSPCA Australia defines its purpose as being the leading authority in animal care and protection, and to prevent cruelty to animals by actively promoting their care and protection.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Steven Omar \"Steve\" Hindi (born ) is an American animal rights activist and businessman.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He is the founder and president of the animal rights organization Showing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK).", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Hindi grew up in a hunting and fishing culture.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ In 1985, he caught a 230-pound Mako shark in a feat that received a writeup in the \"New York Daily News\".", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He ceased hunting and fishing after witnessing a live pigeon shoot in Pennsylvania on Labor Day, September 4, 1989.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Shocked and disgusted by the sight of thousands of pigeons getting shot after flying from boxes, Hindi vowed to give up his hunting hobby and fight against it instead.", "Ag-gag __knowledge__ Ag-gag is a term used to describe a class of anti-whistleblower laws that apply within the agriculture industry.", "Ag-gag __knowledge__ Coined by Mark Bittman in an April 2011 \"New York Times\" column, the term \"ag-gag\" typically refers to state laws that forbid the act of undercover filming or photography of activity on farms without the consent of their owner—particularly targeting whistleblowers of animal rights abuses at these facilities.", "Ag-gag __knowledge__ These laws originated in the United States, but have also begun to appear elsewhere, such as in Australia.", "Ag-gag __knowledge__ Some of these laws, such as the failed proposal in Pennsylvania, have a wider scope and could be used to criminalize actions by activists in other industries.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ It is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ The Under-Five Mortality Rate is also an important statistic, considering the Infant Mortality Rate focuses only on children under one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Premature birth is the biggest contributor to the IMR.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Other leading causes of infant mortality are birth asphyxia, pneumonia, term birth complications such as abnormal presentation of the foetus umbilical cord prolapse, or prolonged labor, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malaria, measles and malnutrition.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Globalization __knowledge__ Globalization (or globalisation; see spelling differences) is the increasing interaction of people, states, or countries through the growth of the international flow of money, ideas, and culture.", "Globalization __knowledge__ Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects.", "Globalization __knowledge__ It involves goods and services, and the economic resources of capital, technology, and data.", "Globalization __knowledge__ The steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships are some of the advances in the means of transport while the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet and mobile phones show development in telecommunications infrastructure.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 6 ]

[ "I recently became a vegetarian! I abstain from eating any kind of meat.", "Mainly for health-related issues, but environmental and economic factors also helped me to my decision.", "It definitely did! I am a lacto vegetarian, which means I don't eat meat or eggs, but I do consume some dairy products. I couldn't give up cheese!" ]

[ "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism" ]

[ "Muffin\nIt's really very nice recipe", "yes, I like very much...", "oh yes", "yes. it's very popular in quickbreads", "ya.. i am also sometimes took breakfast muffin" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Muffin __knowledge__ A muffin is an individual-sized, baked product.", "Muffin __knowledge__ It can refer to two distinct items, a part-raised flatbread and a cupcake-like quickbread.", "Muffin __knowledge__ The flatbread is of British or European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Both are common worldwide today.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Quickbread muffins (known in Britain as “American muffins” or simply as “muffins”) originated in the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ They are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet desserts using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar frosting.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are available in both savory varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, chocolate chip, lemon or banana flavours.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Coffee may be served to accompany muffins.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Fresh baked muffins are sold by bakeries, donut shops and some fast food restaurants and coffeehouses.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Factory baked muffins are sold at grocery stores and convenience stores and they are also served in some coffee shops and cafeterias.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Recipes for quick bread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ Kind Hearts and Coronets is a 1949 British black comedy film.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ It features Dennis Price, Joan Greenwood, Valerie Hobson and Alec Guinness; Guinness plays nine characters.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ The plot is loosely based on the novel \"Israel Rank: The Autobiography of a Criminal\" (1907) by Roy Horniman.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ It concerns Louis D'Ascoyne Mazzini, the son of a woman disowned by her aristocratic family for marrying out of her social class.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ After her death Louis decides to take revenge on the family, and to take the dukedom, by murdering the eight people ahead of him in succession to the title.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets __knowledge__ Michael Balcon, the head of Ealing Studios and the producer of \"Kind Hearts and Coronets\", appointed Robert Hamer as director.", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ Salade niçoise (), la salada nissarda in the Niçard dialect of the Occitan language, is a salad that originated in the French city of Nice.", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ It is traditionally made of tomatoes, hard-boiled eggs, Niçoise olives, anchovies, and dressed with olive oil.", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ It has been popular worldwide since the early 20th century, and has been prepared and discussed by many famous chefs.", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ Delia Smith called it \"one of the best combinations of salad ingredients ever invented\" and Gordon Ramsay said that \"it must be the finest summer salad of all.\"", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ It can be served either as a composed salad or as a tossed salad.", "Salade niçoise __knowledge__ Freshly cooked or canned tuna may be used.", "Anne Valery __knowledge__ Anne Valery (née Firth) (24 February 1926 – 29 April 2013) was an English screenwriter, author and actress noted for co-writing episodes for the BAFTA-nominated drama \"Tenko\" in the early 1980s.", "Anne Valery __knowledge__ The daughter of actress Doriel Paget, she joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in World War II and later became part of Fitzrovia's literary scene, establishing friendships with several writers.", "Anne Valery __knowledge__ After modelling on the Paris and London catwalks and working as a producer's secretary, Valery's began a career in acting in 1949 but was unable to establish a career in this field and turned to presenting on television for the BBC and Associated-Rediffusion.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the protection of trade secrets in Canada.", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ It also describes the difference between trade secrets and patents under Canadian law.", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ In 1969, a new cocktail known as the Bloody Caesar was created in Calgary, Alberta.", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ The main ingredients of a Bloody Caesar are tomato juice, clam broth and vodka.", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ Shortly thereafter, Duffy-Mott, an American juice manufacturer, began to produce and market a mixture of tomato juice, clam broth and spices under the name \"Clamato\".", "Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd __knowledge__ The Bloody Caesar became one of the most popular cocktails in Canada, greatly increasing sales of Clamato in Canada along the way.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ The KFC Original Recipe is the secret mix of ingredients that fast food restaurant chain KFC uses to produce fried chicken.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ By the late 1930s, Harland Sanders' Corbin, Kentucky gas station was so well known for his fried chicken, that Sanders decided to remove the gas pumps and build a restaurant and motel in its place.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ While perfecting his secret recipe with 11 herbs and spices, Sanders found that pan frying chicken was too slow, requiring 30 minutes per order.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ French frying the chicken in a wire basket immersed in deep fat required half the time, but produced dry, unevenly done chicken.", "KFC Original Recipe __knowledge__ In 1939 he found that using a pressure cooker produced tasty, moist chicken in eight or nine minutes.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Muffin __knowledge__ A muffin is an individual-sized, baked product.", "Muffin __knowledge__ It can refer to two distinct items, a part-raised flatbread and a cupcake-like quickbread.", "Muffin __knowledge__ The flatbread is of British or European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Both are common worldwide today.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Quickbread muffins (known in Britain as “American muffins” or simply as “muffins”) originated in the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ They are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet desserts using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar frosting.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are available in both savory varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, chocolate chip, lemon or banana flavours.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Coffee may be served to accompany muffins.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Fresh baked muffins are sold by bakeries, donut shops and some fast food restaurants and coffeehouses.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Factory baked muffins are sold at grocery stores and convenience stores and they are also served in some coffee shops and cafeterias.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Recipes for quick bread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Quick bread __knowledge__ Quick bread is any bread leavened with leavening agents other than yeast or eggs.", "Quick bread __knowledge__ An advantage of quick breads is their ability to be prepared quickly and reliably, without requiring the time-consuming skilled labor and the climate control needed for traditional yeast breads.", "Quick bread __knowledge__ Quick breads include many cakes, brownies and cookies—as well as banana bread, beer bread, biscuits, cornbread, muffins, pancakes, scones, and soda bread.", "Quick bread __knowledge__ \"Quick bread\" most probably originated in the United States at the end of the eighteenth century.", "Quick bread __knowledge__ Before the creation of quick bread, baked goods were leavened either with yeast or by mixing dough with eggs.", "Lactylate __knowledge__ Lactylates are organic compounds that are FDA approved for use as food additives and cosmetic ingredients (i.e.", "Lactylate __knowledge__ lactylates are food grade emulsifiers).", "Lactylate __knowledge__ These additives are non-toxic, biodegradable, and typically manufactured using biorenewable feedstocks.", "Lactylate __knowledge__ Owing to their safety and versatile functionality, lactylates are used in a wide variety of food and non-food applications.", "Lactylate __knowledge__ In the United States, the Food Chemicals Codex specifies the labeling requirements for food ingredients including lactylates.", "Lactylate __knowledge__ In the European Union, lactylates must be labelled in accordance with the requirements of the applicable EU regulation.", "English muffin __knowledge__ English muffins are a small, round, flat yeast-leavened bread which is commonly sliced horizontally, toasted, and buttered.", "English muffin __knowledge__ Toasted English muffins, which are often used as a breakfast food, may be served with sweet toppings – e.g., jam or honey – or savoury toppings – e.g., eggs, sausage rounds or bacon, and cheese.", "English muffin __knowledge__ English muffins are also used as the bread in a variety of breakfast sandwiches, and are an essential ingredient in Eggs Benedict and most of its variations.", "English muffin __knowledge__ In the US and US-influenced territories they are called \"English muffins\" to distinguish them from American muffins, which are larger and sweeter miniature baked quick breads.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Martha and the Muffins are a Canadian art pop band, active from 1977 to the present.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Although they only had one major international hit single \"Echo Beach\" under their original band name, they had a number of hits in their native Canada, and the core members of the band also charted in Canada and internationally as M + M. The group's initial line-up came together in Toronto in 1977, when David Millar asked his fellow Ontario College of Art student Mark Gane to help him start a band.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Millar recruited Martha Johnson to play keyboards; Johnson brought in a friend from high school, Carl Finkle, to play bass; and Gane's brother Tim signed on as the drummer.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ The Muffins are an American Maryland-based progressive rock/avant-jazz group.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ They were formed in Washington, DC in the early 1970s and recorded four albums before disbanding in 1981.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ In 1998 the group reformed and recorded a further five albums and a DVD.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ The Muffins played at Symphony Space on Broadway in NYC with Marion Brown in 1979, and also performed at a number of festivals, starting with the ZU Manifestival in New York City in 1978, The Villa Celimontana festival in Rome, Italy in 2000, two appearances at Progday in 2001 and 2002, NEARfest in 2005, and the \"Rock in Opposition\" festival in France in 2009.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ In comparison to the more French-influenced Baden cuisine, Swabian cuisine is rather simple and down-to-earth.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ It is native to Swabia, which comprises great parts of Wurttemberg and the Bavarian part of Swabia, as well as the Allgäu which has parts lying in Austria.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ Of very essential importance are egg noodle products in many variations, e.g.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ Spätzle or Maultaschen.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ Also typical are substantial soups and stews.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ As the conditions for cattle with meagre and stony soils weren't really good, the people on the Schwäbische Alb did not breed many and meat was a luxury good.", "Swabian cuisine __knowledge__ Meat was mainly consumed by lords and rich people while the ordinary people had to be content with tripe and simple flour dishes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Muffin __knowledge__ A muffin is an individual-sized, baked product.", "Muffin __knowledge__ It can refer to two distinct items, a part-raised flatbread and a cupcake-like quickbread.", "Muffin __knowledge__ The flatbread is of British or European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Both are common worldwide today.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Quickbread muffins (known in Britain as “American muffins” or simply as “muffins”) originated in the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ They are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet desserts using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar frosting.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are available in both savory varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, chocolate chip, lemon or banana flavours.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Coffee may be served to accompany muffins.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Fresh baked muffins are sold by bakeries, donut shops and some fast food restaurants and coffeehouses.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Factory baked muffins are sold at grocery stores and convenience stores and they are also served in some coffee shops and cafeterias.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Recipes for quick bread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon Louis James (born February 18, 1982), better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper and actor.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is from the Harlem neighborhood in New York City, and is a member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He appeared on Cam'ron's 2002 singles, \"Oh Boy\" and \"Hey Ma\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ In 2003, his debut album \"From Me to U\" was released by Roc-A-Fella Records; his next album \"What the Game's Been Missing!\"", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ contained the top-ten single \"There It Go (The Whistle Song)\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is currently working on his third studio album \"Born to Lose, Built to Win\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon James was born in New York City, to an African-American father & a Dominican mother.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born in 1934 in West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Scott is a contemporary self-taught artist whose work began to be recognized in the United States in the late 1980s.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born on July 23, 1934 in the small, bustling mill village and railroad hub of West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ When his mother, who worked in the fields supplying cotton to the local mills, lost her job during the Depression, the family moved to Atlanta in search of work.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ One of eleven children, Lorenzo tells of a time in his youth when he first saw his mother make a sketch, and knew even at an early age that he wanted to be able to draw like that.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Oh Yes! You're Beautiful __knowledge__ \"Oh Yes!", "Oh Yes! You're Beautiful __knowledge__ You're Beautiful\" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter, written by Glitter with Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander.", "Oh Yes! You're Beautiful __knowledge__ It was released as a standalone single in the UK in 1974, and peaked at No.", "Oh Yes! You're Beautiful __knowledge__ 2 on the UK Singles Chart.", "Oh Yes! You're Beautiful __knowledge__ The single features the non-album track, \"Thank You, Baby, For Myself\" as its B-side, which was exclusive to the single.", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ Touch Me is the second studio album by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter.", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ It was originally released in June 1973, on the label Bell.", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ It is Glitter's bestselling album, peaking at No.", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ 2 on the UK Albums Chart.", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ It features the Top 5 hits \"Do You Wanna Touch Me\" and \"Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again\".", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ In 1996, the album was reissued as a picture disc that was limited to 5,000 copies, which had a slightly differing track listing to the original album (including four added tracks: \"Oh Yes!", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ You're Beautiful\", \"I Would If I Could but I Can't\", \"I'm Right, You're Wrong, I Win!\"", "Touch Me (Gary Glitter album) __knowledge__ and \"I'll Carry Your Picture Everywhere\".", "Cupcake __knowledge__ A cupcake (also British English: fairy cake; Hiberno-English: bun; Australian English: fairy cake or patty cake) is a small cake designed to serve one person, which may be baked in a small thin paper or aluminum cup.", "Cupcake __knowledge__ As with larger cakes, icing and other cake decorations such as fruit and candy may be applied.", "Cupcake __knowledge__ The earliest extant description of what is now often called a cupcake was in 1796, when a recipe for \"a light cake to bake in small cups\" was written in \"American Cookery\" by Amelia Simmons.", "Cupcake __knowledge__ The earliest extant documentation of the term \"cupcake\" itself was in \"Seventy-five Receipts for Pastry, Cakes, and Sweetmeats\" in 1828 in Eliza Leslie's \"Receipts\" cookbook.", "Screwdriver (cocktail) __knowledge__ A screwdriver is a popular alcoholic highball drink made with orange juice and vodka.", "Screwdriver (cocktail) __knowledge__ While the basic drink is simply the two ingredients, there are many variations; the most common one is made with one part vodka, one part of any kind of orange soda, and one part of orange juice.", "Screwdriver (cocktail) __knowledge__ Many of the variations have different names in different parts of the world.", "Screwdriver (cocktail) __knowledge__ The International Bartenders Association has designated this cocktail as an IBA Official Cocktail.", "Screwdriver (cocktail) __knowledge__ This drink appears in literature as early as 1938 \"And answered it 'The famous Smirnoff Screwdriver', Just pour a jigger of smirnoff vodka over ice cubes, fill glass with orange juice and serve\".", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ Cake in a Cup is a cupcake shop, located in Toledo, Ohio.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ Owned by friends Lori Jacobs and Dana Iliev, Cake in a Cup is Toledo's first and only specialty cupcake shop.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ The shop opened Valentines Day 2008.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ Lori Jacobs and Dana Iliev met while working at Grumpy's, a deli restaurant in Toledo.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ After living in New York City, Jacobs did not like the gourmet cupcake shops found in the city but thought that a cupcake shop would be a good addition in Toledo.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ Agreeing with Jacobs, the two bought a cupcake book, started making recipes, and developed their own business plan.", "Cake in a Cup __knowledge__ Before opening the shop, the two sold cupcakes out of Iliev's kitchen, neither one having any formal training.", "Hostess CupCake __knowledge__ Hostess CupCake is a brand of snack cake formerly produced and distributed by Hostess Brands and currently owned by private equity firms Apollo Global Management and Metropoulos & Co. Its most common form is a chocolate cupcake with chocolate icing and vanilla creme filling, with eight distinctive white squiggles across the top.", "Hostess CupCake __knowledge__ However, other flavors have been available at times.", "Hostess CupCake __knowledge__ It has been claimed to be the first commercially produced cupcake and has become an iconic American brand.", "Hostess CupCake __knowledge__ The Hostess CupCake was first sold on May 11, 1919.", "Hostess CupCake __knowledge__ According to author Andrew F. Smith, it was the first commercially produced cupcake, originally produced by the Taggart Bakery as the Chocolate Cup Cake.", "Georgetown Cupcake __knowledge__ Georgetown Cupcake is a cupcakery based in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. that has now expanded to 6 other locations nationwide.", "Georgetown Cupcake __knowledge__ Sisters Katherine Berman (née Kallinis) and Sophie LaMontagne (née Kallinis) opened the shop in February 2008.", "Georgetown Cupcake __knowledge__ Growing up in Toronto, Katherine Berman and Sophie LaMontagne learned baking from their Greek grandmother.", "Georgetown Cupcake __knowledge__ When they were children, their grandmother allowed them to use leftover cake batter to make miniature cakes, such as cupcakes.", "Georgetown Cupcake __knowledge__ Before opening the shop, LaMontagne was working in Boston for a venture capital firm, and Berman worked for Gucci in Toronto.", "Mandopop __knowledge__ Mandopop refers to Mandarin popular music.", "Mandopop __knowledge__ The English term was coined around 1980 soon after \"Cantopop\" became a popular term for describing popular songs in Cantonese; \"Mandopop\" was used to describe Mandarin-language popular songs of that time, some of which were versions of Cantopop songs sung by the same singers with different lyrics to suit the different rhyme and tonal patterns of Mandarin.", "Mandopop __knowledge__ It is now used as a general term to describe popular songs performed in Mandarin.", "Mandopop __knowledge__ Mandopop is categorized as a subgenre of commercial Chinese-language music within C-pop.", "Mandopop __knowledge__ Mandopop was the first variety of popular music in Chinese to establish itself as a viable industry." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Muffin __knowledge__ A muffin is an individual-sized, baked product.", "Muffin __knowledge__ It can refer to two distinct items, a part-raised flatbread and a cupcake-like quickbread.", "Muffin __knowledge__ The flatbread is of British or European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Both are common worldwide today.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Quickbread muffins (known in Britain as “American muffins” or simply as “muffins”) originated in the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ They are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet desserts using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar frosting.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are available in both savory varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, chocolate chip, lemon or banana flavours.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Coffee may be served to accompany muffins.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Fresh baked muffins are sold by bakeries, donut shops and some fast food restaurants and coffeehouses.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Factory baked muffins are sold at grocery stores and convenience stores and they are also served in some coffee shops and cafeterias.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Recipes for quick bread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ Jason Hoyte is a New Zealand screen and voice actor, with at least 25 television shows to his credit.", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ He is best known for his roles as Steve Mudgeway in \"Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby\" and Malcolm \"Smudge\" in \"Nothing Trivial\".", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ He is also known for starring in the film \"The Insatiable Moon\".", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ Jason Hoyte is also a radio host on Radio Hauraki's drive-time show 'Daily Bhuja' with Leigh and Jase from 4pm - 7pm weekdays.", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ Hoyte won acclaim for his portrayal of an untrustworthy, but politically correct guidance counsellor, Steve Mudgeway in the comedy Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby.", "Jason Hoyte __knowledge__ He has also narrated for New Zealand reality shows City Beat, Coastwatch, Dog Squad and Animal House.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ Leigh Hart (born 20 July 1970) is a New Zealand comedian and performance artist who is also known as \"That Guy\".", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ He has made various appearances on New Zealand television, including \"Sports Cafe\" and his own show, \"Moon TV\".", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ Hart was born in Greymouth and went to Christ's College in Christchurch.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ He was the singer/songwriter for the New Zealand rock band Wild Turkey.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ The band was briefly jailed and then deported from France.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ He also worked on the Channel Tunnel in the early 1990s.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ He appeared on \"Moon TV\", a late night comedy show.", "Leigh Hart __knowledge__ Hart also wrote a column for the \"Herald on Sunday\", and worked for the television show \"Fair Go\".", "IBM System/370 __knowledge__ The IBM System/370 (S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframe computers announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family.", "IBM System/370 __knowledge__ The series mostly maintained backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for customers; this, plus improved performance, were the dominant themes of the product announcement.", "IBM System/370 __knowledge__ In September 1990, the System/370 line was replaced by the System/390.", "IBM System/370 __knowledge__ The original System/370 line was announced on June 30, 1970 with first customer shipment of the Models 155 and 165 planned for February 1971 and April 1971 respectively.", "IBM System/370 __knowledge__ System/370 underwent several architectural improvements during its roughly 20-year lifetime.", "Radio Hauraki __knowledge__ Radio Hauraki is a New Zealand rock music station that started in 1966.", "Radio Hauraki __knowledge__ It was the first private commercial radio station of the modern broadcasting era in New Zealand and operated illegally until 1970 to break the monopoly held by the state-owned New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation.", "Radio Hauraki __knowledge__ From its founding until 2012 Hauraki played a mix of classic and mainstream rock music.", "Radio Hauraki __knowledge__ In 2013, it changed its music content, playing modern rock and alternative music from the last 25–30 years.", "Radio Hauraki __knowledge__ In its modern legal form, Radio Hauraki's head office and main studios are now located at 2 Graham Street in the Auckland CBD, as one of eight stations of NZME Radio.", "Aztec calendar stone __knowledge__ The Sun Stone, Stone of the Five Eras, or sometimes (erroneously) called Aztec calendar stone is a late post-classic Mexica sculpture housed in the National Anthropology Museum in Mexico City, and is perhaps the most famous work of Aztec sculpture.", "Aztec calendar stone __knowledge__ The stone is in diameter and thick, and it weighs about 24 tons.", "Aztec calendar stone __knowledge__ Shortly after the Spanish conquest, the monolithic sculpture was buried in the Zócalo, the main square of Mexico City.", "Aztec calendar stone __knowledge__ It was rediscovered on December 17, 1790 during repairs on the Mexico City Cathedral.", "Aztec calendar stone __knowledge__ Following its rediscovery, the calendar stone was mounted on an exterior wall of the Cathedral, where it remained until 1885.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Martha and the Muffins are a Canadian art pop band, active from 1977 to the present.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Although they only had one major international hit single \"Echo Beach\" under their original band name, they had a number of hits in their native Canada, and the core members of the band also charted in Canada and internationally as M + M. The group's initial line-up came together in Toronto in 1977, when David Millar asked his fellow Ontario College of Art student Mark Gane to help him start a band.", "Martha and the Muffins __knowledge__ Millar recruited Martha Johnson to play keyboards; Johnson brought in a friend from high school, Carl Finkle, to play bass; and Gane's brother Tim signed on as the drummer.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ The Muffins are an American Maryland-based progressive rock/avant-jazz group.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ They were formed in Washington, DC in the early 1970s and recorded four albums before disbanding in 1981.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ In 1998 the group reformed and recorded a further five albums and a DVD.", "The Muffins __knowledge__ The Muffins played at Symphony Space on Broadway in NYC with Marion Brown in 1979, and also performed at a number of festivals, starting with the ZU Manifestival in New York City in 1978, The Villa Celimontana festival in Rome, Italy in 2000, two appearances at Progday in 2001 and 2002, NEARfest in 2005, and the \"Rock in Opposition\" festival in France in 2009.", "Cities 97 Sampler __knowledge__ The Cities 97 Sampler (also titled Cities Sampler and The Cities' Sampler) is a series of albums containing \"live in studio\" recordings from Studio C located at radio station Cities 97 (KTCZ 97.1 FM) in Minneapolis, Minnesota (earlier brande \"The Cities' 97\").", "Cities 97 Sampler __knowledge__ Occasionally there is a live track which is recorded from a local concert in the Twin Cities.", "Cities 97 Sampler __knowledge__ It has been released annually since 1989, and new volumes appear in November at local Target stores (in time for the Christmas season), with proceeds benefiting various charitable organizations.", "Cities 97 Sampler __knowledge__ The CD usually generates over $500,000 every year for Minnesota charities.", "English muffin __knowledge__ English muffins are a small, round, flat yeast-leavened bread which is commonly sliced horizontally, toasted, and buttered.", "English muffin __knowledge__ Toasted English muffins, which are often used as a breakfast food, may be served with sweet toppings – e.g., jam or honey – or savoury toppings – e.g., eggs, sausage rounds or bacon, and cheese.", "English muffin __knowledge__ English muffins are also used as the bread in a variety of breakfast sandwiches, and are an essential ingredient in Eggs Benedict and most of its variations.", "English muffin __knowledge__ In the US and US-influenced territories they are called \"English muffins\" to distinguish them from American muffins, which are larger and sweeter miniature baked quick breads.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Reflection seismology __knowledge__ Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.", "Reflection seismology __knowledge__ The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis.", "Reflection seismology __knowledge__ Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and echolocation.", "Reflection seismology __knowledge__ This article is about surface seismic surveys; for vertical seismic profiles, see VSP.", "Reflection seismology __knowledge__ Reflections and refractions of seismic waves at geologic interfaces within the Earth were first observed on recordings of earthquake-generated seismic waves." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Muffin __knowledge__ A muffin is an individual-sized, baked product.", "Muffin __knowledge__ It can refer to two distinct items, a part-raised flatbread and a cupcake-like quickbread.", "Muffin __knowledge__ The flatbread is of British or European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Both are common worldwide today.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Quickbread muffins (known in Britain as “American muffins” or simply as “muffins”) originated in the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Muffin __knowledge__ They are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet desserts using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar frosting.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are available in both savory varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, chocolate chip, lemon or banana flavours.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Coffee may be served to accompany muffins.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Fresh baked muffins are sold by bakeries, donut shops and some fast food restaurants and coffeehouses.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Factory baked muffins are sold at grocery stores and convenience stores and they are also served in some coffee shops and cafeterias.", "Muffin __knowledge__ Recipes for quick bread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ Muffin The Mule is a puppet character in British television programmes for children.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ The puppet had been made in 1933 for Hogarth Puppets.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ The original TV programmes featuring the character were presented by Annette Mills, sister of John Mills, and broadcast live by the BBC from their studios at Alexandra Palace from 1946 to 1952.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ Mills and the puppet continued with programmes that were broadcast until 1955, when Mills died.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ The series then transferred to ITV in 1956 and 1957.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ A modern animated version of Muffin appeared on BBC2 in 2005.", "Muffin the Mule __knowledge__ The original mule puppet was created in 1933 by Punch and Judy puppet maker Fred Tickner for husband-and-wife puppeteers Jan Bussell (1909-1984) and Ann Hogarth to form part of a puppet circus for the Hogarth Puppet Theatre.", "The Muffin Man __knowledge__ \"The Muffin Man\" is a traditional nursery rhyme or children's song of English origin.", "The Muffin Man __knowledge__ It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7922.", "The Muffin Man __knowledge__ The most widely known lyrics are as follows: Do [or \"Oh, do\"] you know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man, Do you know the muffin man, Who lives on Drury Lane?", "The Muffin Man __knowledge__ Yes [or \"Oh, yes\"], I know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man, Yes, I know the muffin man, Who lives on Drury Lane. The rhyme was first recorded in a British manuscript circa 1820, that is preserved in the Bodleian Library with lyrics very similar to those used today: Do you know the muffin man?", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ Margaret Ann Gildart Jackson (1910–1993) better known as Ann Hogarth (married name Margaret Ann Gildart Bussell) was a leading British puppeteer.", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ She, her husband and \"Hogarth Puppets\" toured the world.", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ She is best known for her puppet Muffin the Mule, which was one of the first stars of early BBC televeision in the 1940s and 1950s.", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ She and her husband created a large collection of puppets Hogarth was born to Olive Mary (née Howle) and William Gildart Jackson who had been a school teacher.", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ She was born the fourth of five children on 19 July 1910 at Hazelgrove, Shottermill, Frensham, Surrey.", "Ann Hogarth __knowledge__ Her father remarried after her mother died when she was a small child.", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ Abra-Catastrophe!", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ is the twelfth episode of Season 3 of \"The Fairly OddParents\", serving as the series' first television film.", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ All the fairies in Fairy World celebrate Timmy Turner's Fairy-versary, a magical event that only occurs when a godchild is able to keep his/her fairies a secret for an entire year.", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ After receiving numerous magical gifts, Jorgen Von Strangle gives Timmy a magical muffin that allows anyone who eats it to have a \"rule-free\" wish.", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ Timmy then asks how he got Cosmo and Wanda as his godparents.", "Abra-Catastrophe __knowledge__ Wanda shows through a flashback that his parents lied to an 8-year old Timmy and tricked him into hiring Vicky as his babysitter.", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ \"The Muffin Tops\" is the 155th episode of the sitcom \"Seinfeld\".", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ This was the 21st episode of the eighth season.", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ It aired on May 8, 1997.", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ While George and Jerry are walking down the street, a man (Barry Kramer) asks George to watch a bag of luggage for a minute.", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ When the stranger doesn't return, George starts wearing some of the clothing from the bag, using the rationale that \"I'm still watching them.\"", "The Muffin Tops __knowledge__ While he walks down the street in the tourist's clothing, looking at a map, a woman who works for the New York Visitor's Center mistakes George for a tourist and introduces herself as Mary Anne (Rena Sofer).", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Dutch cuisine () is formed from the cooking traditions and practices of the Netherlands.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The country's cuisine is shaped by its location in the fertile North Sea river delta of the European Plain, giving rise to fishing, farming (for crops and domesticated animals), and trading over sea (colonialism and the spice trade).", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is simple and straightforward, with many vegetables and little meat: breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings like cheese, while dinner is , supplemented with seasonal vegetables.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The diet contains many dairy products and was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the laborers whose culture molded the country." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 ]

[ "Muffins are a great individual baked good. ", "One part can be partly flatbread and one part can be like a cupcake style quickbread.", "The flatbread and quickbread muffins are popular all around the world too.", "Most people always think of muffins as a baked good for breakfast, as it is often eaten then. But, it can be a great bread choice for dinner too, if made more savory.", "Well, if you're like me, you also enjoy a cup of coffee with your muffin in the morning!" ]

[ "Muffin", "Muffin", "Muffin", "Muffin", "Muffin" ]

[ "Running\nI really like running to help me lose weight! Do you like running?", "Of course that's what I mean! And no, I haven't. Have you?", "That sounds really nice! Ever ran any marathons?", "Damn that's way more than I've ever tried! ", "That's true, you really don't need anything but a pair of legs and an open space to be able to run!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Richard Butler (general) __knowledge__ Richard Butler (April 1, 1743 – November 4, 1791) was an officer in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, who later was killed while fighting Indians in a battle known as St. Clair's Defeat.", "Richard Butler (general) __knowledge__ Born in St. Bridget's Parish, Dublin, Ireland, Richard Butler was the oldest son of Thomas and Eleanor (Parker) Butler.", "Richard Butler (general) __knowledge__ Thomas Butler was an Irish aristocrat who served in the British army.He was the brother of Colonel Thomas Butler and Captain Edward Butler.", "Richard Butler (general) __knowledge__ All three brothers served in the American Revolution and in the Northwest Indian War against the Western Confederacy of Native American tribes in the Northwest Territories.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ The Psychedelic Furs are an English rock band founded in London in February 1977.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ Led by singer Richard Butler and his brother Tim Butler on bass guitar, the Psychedelic Furs are one of the many acts spawned from the British post-punk scene.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ Their music went through several phases, from an initially austere art rock sound, later touching on new wave and hard rock.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ The band scored several hits in their early career.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ In 1986 film director John Hughes used their song \"Pretty in Pink\" for his movie of the same name.", "The Psychedelic Furs __knowledge__ The band went on hiatus after they finished touring in 1992, but later regrouped in 2000 and continue to perform around the world.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 2 is the seventh season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The season premiered on January 6, 2009, with eleven overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Alison Sweeney is featured as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Helen Phillips won the competition with a total weight loss percentage of 54.47%.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Total Votes counts only votes that are revealed at elimination.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The total doesn't count unrevealed votes (if the contestant has already received the require number of votes needed to be eliminated).", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Contestants are listed in chronological order of elimination.", "Body image __knowledge__ Body image is a person's perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body.", "Body image __knowledge__ The phrase \"body image\" was first coined by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder in his book \"The Image and Appearance of the Human Body\" (1935).", "Body image __knowledge__ Human society has at all times placed great value on beauty of the human body, but a person's perception of their own body may not correspond to society's standards.", "Body image __knowledge__ The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy and cultural and feminist studies.", "Body image __knowledge__ The term is also often used in the media.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Second Chances is the eighth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Danny Cahill, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight lost.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ This season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, September 15, 2009.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ The season's theme meant that each of the candidates had met with heartbreak and tragedy during their lifetime.", "The Biggest Loser (season 8) __knowledge__ Among notable stories, Shay Sorrells grew up in foster care while her mother unsuccessfully struggled with heroin addiction, while Abby Rike lost her husband and children in a head-on collision caused by a speeding driver.", "Forever Now (The Psychedelic Furs album) __knowledge__ Forever Now is the third studio album by English rock band the Psychedelic Furs.", "Forever Now (The Psychedelic Furs album) __knowledge__ The ten-song album was recorded in the spring of 1982 and released in September of that year by Columbia/CBS and includes the hit single \"Love My Way\".", "Forever Now (The Psychedelic Furs album) __knowledge__ A twentieth-anniversary reissue included six related bonus tracks.", "Forever Now (The Psychedelic Furs album) __knowledge__ The album represented a turning point in the musical maturation of the band, after a turbulent period of personnel changes in which it shrank from a six-man ensemble to a quartet.", "Forever Now (The Psychedelic Furs album) __knowledge__ Working with the Furs for the first time, Todd Rundgren placed his own sonic imprint upon the album as producer and guest musician." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized by two positive shape parameters, denoted by \"α\" and \"β\", that appear as exponents of the random variable and control the shape of the distribution.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ The beta distribution has been applied to model the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite length in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In Bayesian inference, the beta distribution is the conjugate prior probability distribution for the Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial and geometric distributions.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ In statistics, regression toward (or to) the mean is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ To avoid making incorrect inferences, regression toward the mean must be considered when designing scientific experiments and interpreting data.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ The conditions under which regression toward the mean occurs depend on the way the term is mathematically defined.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ Sir Francis Galton first observed the phenomenon in the context of simple linear regression of data points.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ Typically, it is appropriate for situations when the average of rates is desired.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ The harmonic mean can be expressed as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the given set of observations.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ As a simple example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is formula_1 The harmonic mean \"H\" of the positive real numbers formula_2 is defined to be The third formula in the above equation expresses the harmonic mean as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals.", "Equation of time __knowledge__ The equation of time describes the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time.", "Equation of time __knowledge__ The word \"equation\" is used in the medieval sense of \"reconcile a difference\".", "Equation of time __knowledge__ The two times that differ are the \"apparent\" solar time, which directly tracks the diurnal motion of the Sun, and \"mean\" solar time, which tracks a theoretical mean Sun with noons 24 hours apart.", "Equation of time __knowledge__ Apparent solar time can be obtained by measurement of the current position (hour angle) of the Sun, as indicated (with limited accuracy) by a sundial.", "Equation of time __knowledge__ \"Mean\" solar time, for the same place, would be the time indicated by a steady clock set so that over the year its differences from apparent solar time would resolve to zero.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns across generations and descendant lines.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes summaries only of the underlying genetics.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which indicates the central tendency or typical value of a set of numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum).", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ The geometric mean is defined as the th root of the product of numbers, i.e., for a set of numbers , the geometric mean is defined as For instance, the geometric mean of two numbers, say 2 and 8, is just the square root of their product, that is, formula_2.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ As another example, the geometric mean of the three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 is the cube root of their product (1/8), which is 1/2, that is, formula_3.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's law (also known as Taylor's power law) is an empirical law in ecology that relates the variance of the number of individuals of a species per unit area of habitat to the corresponding mean by a power law relationship.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ It is named after the ecologist who first proposed it in 1961, Lionel Roy Taylor (1924–2007).", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's original name for this relationship was the law of the mean.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ This law was originally defined for ecological systems, specifically to assess the spatial clustering of organisms.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ For a population count \"Y\" with mean \"µ\" and variance var(\"Y\"), Taylor’s law is written, where \"a\" and \"b\" are both positive constants.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animals Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of the leg and foot.", "Undulatory locomotion __knowledge__ Undulatory locomotion is the type of motion characterized by wave-like movement patterns that act to propel an animal forward.", "Undulatory locomotion __knowledge__ Examples of this type of gait include crawling in snakes, or swimming in the lamprey.", "Undulatory locomotion __knowledge__ Although this is typically the type of gait utilized by limbless animals, some creatures with limbs, such as the salamander, choose to forgo use of their legs in certain environments and exhibit undulatory locomotion.", "Undulatory locomotion __knowledge__ This movement strategy is important to study in order to create novel robotic devices capable of traversing a variety of environments.", "Undulatory locomotion __knowledge__ In limbless locomotion, forward locomotion is generated by propagating flexural waves along the length of the animal's body.", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.", "Knuckle-walking __knowledge__ Knuckle-walking is a form of quadrupedal walking in which the forelimbs hold the fingers in a partially flexed posture that allows body weight to press down on the ground through the knuckles.", "Knuckle-walking __knowledge__ In technical terms, knuckle-walking is locomotion with the manus (Latin for hand) distally flexed on contact with the substratum.", "Knuckle-walking __knowledge__ Gorillas and chimpanzees use this style of locomotion as do anteaters and platypuses.", "Knuckle-walking __knowledge__ Anthropologists once thought that the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans engaged in knuckle-walking, and humans evolved upright walking from knuckle-walking: a view thought to be supported by reanalysis of overlooked features on hominid fossils.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ Biomimicry and bio-inspired design are sometimes confused.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ Biomimicry is copying the nature while bio-inspired design is learning from nature and making a mechanism that is simpler and more effective than the system observed in nature.", "Bio-inspired robotics __knowledge__ Biomimicry has led to the development of a different branch of robotics called soft robotics.", "Fin and flipper locomotion __knowledge__ Fin and flipper locomotion occurs mostly in aquatic locomotion, and rarely in terrestrial locomotion.", "Fin and flipper locomotion __knowledge__ From the three common states of matter — gas, liquid and solid, these appendages are adapted for liquids, mostly fresh or saltwater and used in locomotion, steering and balancing of the body.", "Fin and flipper locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion is important in order to escape predators, acquire food, find mates and bury for shelter, nest or food.", "Fin and flipper locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion consists of swimming, whereas terrestrial locomotion encompasses walking, 'crutching', jumping, digging as well as covering.", "Fin and flipper locomotion __knowledge__ Some animals such as sea turtles and mudskippers use these two environments for different purposes, for example using the land for nesting, and the sea to hunt for food." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "SODAR __knowledge__ SODAR (SOnic Detection And Ranging), also written as sodar, is a meteorological instrument used as a wind profiler to measure the scattering of sound waves by atmospheric turbulence.", "SODAR __knowledge__ SODAR systems are used to measure wind speed at various heights above the ground, and the thermodynamic structure of the lower layer of the atmosphere.", "SODAR __knowledge__ Sodar systems are in fact nothing more than sonar systems used in the air rather than in water; more specifically, since they operate using the Doppler effect with a multi-beam configuration to determine wind speed, they are the exact in-air equivalent to a subclass of sonar systems known as acoustic Doppler current profilers.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles, or 26 miles 385 yards), usually run as a road race.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921.", "Marathon __knowledge__ More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Sarah Louise Platt (also Tilsley and Grimshaw) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\".", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was born on-screen during the episode broadcast on 2 February 1987.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was played by Leah King in 1987 and by Lynsay King from 1987 until 8 October 1999 when King opted to leave to focus on her education.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Tina O'Brien took over the role on 31 October 1999; she opted to leave in 2007 and made her final on-screen appearance on 30 December 2007.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ A number of false rumours about O'Brien returning to the role surfaced during her absence from the serial.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ In October 2014, it was announced that O'Brien was going to reprise the role, she returned to filming in February 2015 and returned on screen on 30 March 2015.", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly are an English band formed in London in 2003.", "McFly __knowledge__ The band took its name from the \"Back to the Future\" character Marty McFly.", "McFly __knowledge__ The band consists of Tom Fletcher (lead vocals, guitar and piano), Danny Jones (lead vocals, harmonica and guitar), Dougie Poynter (bass guitar) and Harry Judd (drums).", "McFly __knowledge__ They were signed to Island Records from their 2004 launch until December 2007, before creating their own label, Super Records.", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly rose to fame after fellow band Busted helped launch them by inviting them to tour in 2004.", "McFly __knowledge__ In 2005, they won the Brit Award for Best British Pop Act.", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly's debut album \"Room on the 3rd Floor\" debuted at number 1 in the UK Album Chart and is certified as double platinum; this led to them becoming known as the youngest band ever to have an album debut at number one—a title taken from The Beatles.", "Marathon (media) __knowledge__ A marathon is an event in which viewers or readers engage many hours-worth of media (film, television, books, YouTube videos etc.)", "Marathon (media) __knowledge__ in a condensed time period.", "Marathon (media) __knowledge__ This phrase represents a two-fold shift from binge-watch in that it incorporates other media (not just television) and it reduces the negative connotations associated with bingeing.", "Marathon (media) __knowledge__ In the 2014 book \"Media Marathoning: Immersions in Morality,\" Lisa Perks describes media marathoning as a “comprehensive and complimentary phrase” that “connotes a conjoined triumph of commitment and stamina.", "Marathon (media) __knowledge__ This phrase also captures viewers’ or readers’ engrossment, effort, and sense of accomplishment surrounding their media interaction.” Netflix Executive Todd Yellin is quoted as saying \"I don't like the term 'binge,' because it sounds almost pathological.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Race and sports __knowledge__ Issues related to race and sports have been examined by scholars for a long time.", "Race and sports __knowledge__ Among these issues are racial discrimination in sports as well as the observation that there are overrepresentations and underrepresentations of different races in different sports.", "Race and sports __knowledge__ Various individuals, including scholars and sportswriters, have commented on the apparent overrepresentations and underrepresentations of different races in different sports.", "Race and sports __knowledge__ African Americans accounted for 75% of players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) near the end of 2008.", "Race and sports __knowledge__ According to the latest National Consortium for Academics and Sports equality report card, 65% of National Football League players were African Americans.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Willow Bunch is a small community located in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, southwest of the provincial capital of Regina.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The population was 286 at the 2011 census.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Previous names for Willow Bunch have been \"Hart-Rouge\" and \"Talle-de-Saules\".", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The area has seen influences from Métis and Fransaskois.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ About 19 kilometres north-west of Willow Bunch is one of Saskatchewan’s biggest archaeological mysteries.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The St. Victors Petroglyph site is a provincial park that is host to over 300 rock carvings.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The carvings are located on a sandstone cliff that is elevated at 950m.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The uniqueness of the plateau is characterized by being only one of five sites in Canada where petroglyphs are on a horizontal structure of a rock.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys or driven over a set distance for competition.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ It is one of the most ancient of all sports and its basic premise – to identify which of two or more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance – has remained unchanged since the earliest times.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse races vary widely in format.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Often, countries have developed their own particular horse racing traditions.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles, running over different distances, running on different track surfaces and running in different gaits.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ Athletics is a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The Best Damn Sports Show Period is an American sports television show that aired on Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show regularly featured irreverent and opinionated interviews with top athletes, coaches, celebrities, and entertainers.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ It also aired \"Top 50\" countdown shows and other sports specialty shows.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ Since its debut on July 23, 2001, \"BDSSP\" welcomed thousands of guests and aired more than 1,300 episodes.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The last original show aired June 30, 2009; however, FSN will tape a handful of \"Top 50\" specials.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show aired weeknights at 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. local time, usually after \"FSN Final Score\", or later if there was a local live sporting event that ran longer than expected, depending on the region and telecast schedule.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ Damn (stylized as DAMN.)", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ is the fourth studio album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ It was released on April 14, 2017, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ The album features production from a variety of record producers, including executive producer and Top Dawg Entertainment label-head Anthony \"Top Dawg\" Tiffith, Sounwave, DJ Dahi, Mike Will Made It and Ricci Riera; as well as further production contributions from James Blake, Steve Lacy, BadBadNotGood, Greg Kurstin, The Alchemist and 9th Wonder, among others.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ \"Damn\" received widespread critical acclaim and topped the charts in the United States and Canada while reaching number two in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The Best Damn Thing is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ It was released on 17 April 2007 by RCA Records.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album represents a musical departure from her earlier studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004) which incorporates more elements of post-grunge music.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ \"The Best Damn Thing\" is seen by critics as Lavigne's most commercial effort.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album was noted as her first effort to feature a wide range of producers for the studio album, including Matt Beckley, Rob Cavallo, Dr. Luke and Lavigne herself who was referenced as the executive producer.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"The Best Damn Thing\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised her transition from grungey alternative rock music to more pop-punk music, with it being catchy and very radio-friendly.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ Ronald Simmons (born May 15, 1958) is an American retired professional wrestler and football player.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He performed for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) under his real name, and in the World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (WWF/E) under both his real name and the ring names Faarooq Asaad (sometimes spelled Asad) and Faarooq (sometimes spelled Farooq).", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He is signed with WWE, working in their Legends program.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ In WCW, Simmons was a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion; as the first African American to win the title, he is recognized by WWE as the first black world champion in professional wrestling history.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ James McMillan III (born December 1, 1946) is an American political activist, perennial candidate, and Vietnam War veteran.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ McMillan is best known as the founder of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party, a New York-based political party.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ McMillan has run for office at least six times since 1993, most notably in the 2010 gubernatorial election.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ He declared in December 2010 that he would run in the 2012 U.S. presidential election as a Republican.", "Jimmy McMillan __knowledge__ He did not appear on the ballot in any state and suspended his campaign to return to the Rent Is Too Damn High Party and run for Mayor of New York City in the 2013 election.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American Old West gambler, a deputy sheriff in Pima County, and deputy town marshal in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, who took part in the Gunfight at the O.K.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Corral, during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ He is often mistakenly regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone, although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and deputy U.S. marshal that day, and had far more experience as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier in combat.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Earp lived a restless life.", "Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ He was at different times a constable, city policeman, county sheriff, deputy U.S. marshal, teamster, buffalo hunter, bouncer, saloon-keeper, gambler, brothel keeper, miner, and boxing referee.", "Herbert Jay Stern __knowledge__ Herbert Jay Stern (born November 8, 1936) is a New Jersey criminal defense lawyer.", "Herbert Jay Stern __knowledge__ Earlier in his career, Stern served as a federal judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey and the United States Court for Berlin.", "Herbert Jay Stern __knowledge__ He presided over a hijacking trial that was the only case ever tried in an American court in the occupied American Sector of West Berlin.", "Herbert Jay Stern __knowledge__ He wrote a book about that case, \"Judgment in Berlin\", which became a movie in which his role was played by Martin Sheen.", "Herbert Jay Stern __knowledge__ He was part of the team that successfully handled several major corruption and organized crime trials in New Jersey.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ The term originated in Japan, although the concept of a long distance relay race is not unique to any country.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ The first \"ekiden\" race was sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun in 1917, and was run over three days between the old Japanese capital of Kyoto and the modern capital of Tokyo, a distance of 508 km, to celebrate the anniversary of the moving of the capital to Tokyo.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ As written in Japanese, \"Ekiden\" combines the characters for \"station\" (駅) and \"transmit\" (伝).", "Ekiden __knowledge__ This name was coined by the poet Toki Zemmaro (1885–1980), who was head of the Yomiuri Shimbun's Social Affairs Department at the time.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles, or 26 miles 385 yards), usually run as a road race.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory.", "Marathon __knowledge__ The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921.", "Marathon __knowledge__ More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season was a very deadly, destructive and Hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season, with over 3,000 deaths and more than $60 billion (2004 USD) in damage.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ More than half of the 16 tropical cyclones brushed or struck the United States.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season was typically active due to a Modoki El Niño – a rare type of El Niño in which unfavorable conditions are produced over the eastern Pacific instead of the Atlantic basin due to warmer sea surface temperatures farther west along the equatorial Pacific – activity was above average.", "2004 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, though the last storm dissipated on December 3.", "All-Japan Corporate Ekiden Championships __knowledge__ The corporate ekiden competition is a series of races contested between Japan's corporate (business) running teams.", "All-Japan Corporate Ekiden Championships __knowledge__ The championships are officially the ),The structure involves regional qualifying races and a national championship for women and for men.", "All-Japan Corporate Ekiden Championships __knowledge__ The All-Japan Women’s Corporate (Jitsugyodan) Ekiden Championship is held in mid December after 3 regional qualifying ekiden (2011 summary) events, narrowing the field to 24 to 27 teams, although new qualification standards in 2011 increased the field to 33 teams.", "All-Japan Corporate Ekiden Championships __knowledge__ In addition to teams coming from the East Japan qualifying meet, there are teams from the Central Japan and Western Japan qualifying meets.", "2000–01 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season __knowledge__ The 2000–01 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was fairly quiet with only five named storms, although there was an additional unnamed tropical storm and two subtropical cyclones with gale-force winds.", "2000–01 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season __knowledge__ It started early, with a tropical disturbance forming on August 1 – the first day of the cyclone year.", "2000–01 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season __knowledge__ However, the first named storm, Ando, was not named until January 2, which at the time was the 4th latest on record.", "2000–01 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season __knowledge__ Ando would become the most intense cyclone of the year, reaching peak winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) according to the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion, the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the basin.", "1944 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1944 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 16, 1944, and lasted until October 31, 1944.", "1944 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.", "1944 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1944 season was an active season: the accumulated cyclone energy index was 104, and the season featured eight hurricanes, of which three were major storms.", "1944 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ A major August hurricane struck near Kingston, Jamaica, causing severe damage as it crossed the island to Montego Bay.", "1944 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ A large and potent hurricane, known as the Great Atlantic hurricane, attained Category 4—possibly even Category 5—intensity and then struck the Eastern Seaboard, though only at Category 2 strength, in September.", "Supercars Championship __knowledge__ The Supercars Championship (known as the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship for sponsorship purposes and often shortened to just Supercars or its long-standing name V8 Supercars) is a touring car racing category based in Australia and run as an International Series under Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) regulations.", "Supercars Championship __knowledge__ Supercars events take place in all Australian states and the Northern Territory, with the Australian Capital Territory formerly holding the Canberra 400.", "Supercars Championship __knowledge__ An international round is held in New Zealand, while events have previously been held in China, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.", "Running __knowledge__ Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).", "Running __knowledge__ This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion.", "Running __knowledge__ A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.", "Running __knowledge__ The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.", "Running __knowledge__ It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably in order to hunt animals.", "Running __knowledge__ Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.", "Running __knowledge__ Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE, while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.", "Running __knowledge__ Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Open spaces in urban environments, such as parks, playgrounds, and natural areas, can provide many health, cultural, recreational, and economic benefits to the communities nearby.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ However, access to open spaces can be unequal for people of different incomes.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ In California's two largest metropolitan regions, Los Angeles County in Southern California and the Bay Area in Northern California, access to green space and natural areas varies with the predominate races and classes of the communities.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ This also holds true in San Diego County in Southern California.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Both expanding urbanization and diminishing funding for open space tend to widen these gaps in accessibility.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The following is an alphabetical list of the minor characters in the various versions of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", by Douglas Adams.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The descriptions of the characters are accompanied by information on details about appearances and references to the characters.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Major characters— Arthur Dent, Ford Prefect, Zaphod Beeblebrox, Marvin the Paranoid Android, Trillian, and Slartibartfast—are separately described.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Lists are also available for places in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", races and species in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", technology in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", phrases from \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", and cast lists for \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2014 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ All new characters in 2014 were introduced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Nancy Carter arrived in January with her fiancé, Wayne Ladlow, Stan Carter, Babe Smith and new market inspector, Aleks Shirovs.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ February saw Stacey Branning return with her daughter Lily and also her new boyfriend, Luke Riley, followed by Tosh Mackintosh.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ On 10 March, Charlie Cotton and on 4 April, Lee Carter.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Donna Yates, a new market stallholder and Pam Coker, Les Coker's wife, both arrived on 14 April.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2010 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ Executive producer Diederick Santer left \"EastEnders\" on 26 February 2010, handing over to Bryan Kirkwood, who fully took control from 1 March 2010.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ Santer introduced five new main characters in January, three from the online spin-off \"\" (Zsa Zsa Carter, Leon Small and Fatboy) as well as two members of the long-established Mitchell family, Glenda Mitchell and her son Danny.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ February saw the show's first birth of 2010, with Kamil Masood, the fourth child of the established Zainab Masood and Masood Ahmed.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2011 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ The first main character to be announced was Eddie Moon, the father of Michael Moon.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ Poppy Meadow was introduced in January 2011 as the best friend of Jodie Gold, and Rob Grayson joined the series in February, as did Shenice Quinn.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ashley Chubb was introduced in March as the father of established character Fatboy.", "List of EastEnders characters (2011) __knowledge__ In April, Janine Butcher's grandmother, Lydia Simmonds, and Tanya Branning and Rainie Cross's mother, Cora Cross, both joined the series and Martin was introduced as the new love interest for Jane Beale.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Robert Paul \"Tad\" Williams (born 14 March 1957 in San Jose, California) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He is the author of the multivolume \"Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn\" series, \"Otherland\" series, and \"Shadowmarch\" series as well as the standalone novels \"Tailchaser's Song\" and \"The War of the Flowers\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Most recently, Williams published \"The Bobby Dollar\" series.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Cumulatively, over 17 million copies of Williams's works have been sold.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Williams's work in comics includes a six issue mini-series for DC Comics called \"The Next\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He also wrote \"\" issue #50 to #57.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Other comic work includes \"Mirrorworld: Rain\" and \"The Helmet of Fate: Ibis the Invincible #1\" (DC)." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 17, 9, 7 ]

[ "If by running you mean the method of terrestrial locomotion, then definitely! I was out for a jog today! Have you ever done a race? ", "Yep! I've done a bunch. While the term running can actually mean anything from jogging to sprinting. I mostly do long distance races. I highly recommend it!", "Yes I have ran on before, and I'm currently training for another one right now! It's a 42.195 km race. Pretty intense!", "Running is probably the worlds most accessible sport. You don't need much to do it. Just start slow and be patient, it doesn't take long to build up the distance with consistancy. ", "Yeah! And there are so many races to do now, some of them are very fun with colored powders and live music. Originally competitive running came from religious festivals!" ]

[ "Running", "Running", "Running", "Running", "Running" ]

[ "Agriculture\nHello, I am seriously interested in agriculture. Are in involved in agriculture at all?", "I bet. I grew up in the midwest so farming is something I have always been around. ", "I believe biofuels is an up and coming industry. ", "That is a step in the right in direction for environmentally friendly fuel. Hopefully other states can follow in their footsteps. ", "I could imagine that place would be on the cutting edge of the industry. I am sure that there is a lot one could learn by going there" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Midwest Airlines __knowledge__ Midwest Airlines (formerly Midwest Express) was a U.S.-based airline and, for a short time, an operating brand of Republic Airways Holdings based in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, operating from Milwaukee's General Mitchell International Airport.", "Midwest Airlines __knowledge__ On April 13, 2010, parent company Republic announced that Midwest Airlines and Frontier Airlines would merge, with the Midwest brand disappearing in late 2011.", "Midwest Airlines __knowledge__ Midwest Airlines' final flight operated with a Boeing 717-200 and staffed with Midwest Airlines flight crews landed in Milwaukee on November 2, 2009.", "Midwest Airlines __knowledge__ Effective November 3, 2009, Midwest Airlines ceased to exist as an actual operating airline (allowing its DOT air carrier operator certificate to lapse).", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil and the United States led the industrial production of ethanol fuel in 2014, together accounting for 83.4 percent of the world's production.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ In 2014 Brazil produced 23.4 billion liters (6.19 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 25.2 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol \"the most successful alternative fuel to date.\"", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ However, some authors consider that the successful Brazilian ethanol model is sustainable only in Brazil due to its advanced agri-industrial technology and its enormous amount of arable land available; while according to other authors it is a solution only for some countries in the tropical zone of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ United States policy in regard to biofuels, such as ethanol fuel and biodiesel, began in the early 1990s as the government began looking more intensely at biofuels as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and increase the nation's overall sustainability.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ Since then, biofuel policies have been refined, focused on getting the most efficient fuels commercially available, creating fuels that can compete with petroleum-based fuels, and ensuring that the agricultural industry can support and sustain the use of biofuels.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ \"See also: Oil Crisis, Ethanol Fuel, Alternative Fuels, Biofuel, Peak Oil, Oil Depletion, Oil Reserves\", In 2010, the United States imported about of crude oil.", "Biofuels by region __knowledge__ The use of biofuels varies by region and with increasing oil prices there is a renewed interest in it as an energy source.", "Biofuels by region __knowledge__ Recognizing the importance of implementing bioenergy, there are international organizations such as IEA Bioenergy, established in 1978 by the OECD International Energy Agency (IEA), with the aim of improving cooperation and information exchange between countries that have national programs in bioenergy research, development and deployment.", "Biofuels by region __knowledge__ The U.N. International Biofuels Forum is formed by Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the United States and the European Commission.", "Biofuels by region __knowledge__ The world leaders in biofuel development and use are Brazil, United States, France, Sweden and Germany.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ There are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the \"food vs fuel\" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, effect on water resources, the possible modifications necessary to run the engine on biofuel, as well as energy balance and efficiency.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ The International Resource Panel, which provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of resource-related themes, assessed the issues relating to biofuel use in its first report \"Towards sustainable production and use of resources: Assessing Biofuels\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ United States policy in regard to biofuels, such as ethanol fuel and biodiesel, began in the early 1990s as the government began looking more intensely at biofuels as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and increase the nation's overall sustainability.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ Since then, biofuel policies have been refined, focused on getting the most efficient fuels commercially available, creating fuels that can compete with petroleum-based fuels, and ensuring that the agricultural industry can support and sustain the use of biofuels.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ \"See also: Oil Crisis, Ethanol Fuel, Alternative Fuels, Biofuel, Peak Oil, Oil Depletion, Oil Reserves\", In 2010, the United States imported about of crude oil.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Biofuels Center of North Carolina is a private, nonprofit corporate facility located on a Biofuels Campus in Oxford, North Carolina.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center is funded by the North Carolina General Assembly to implement \"North Carolina's Strategic Plan for Biofuels Leadership\" and to reduce the state's dependence on imported liquid fuel.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center's mission is to develop a sustainable, statewide biofuels industry to reduce this dependence, create jobs and opportunities for prosperity for North Carolinians.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The strategic goal: by 2017, 10% of North Carolina’s liquid fuels—or about a year—will be produced in-state from locally grown biomass.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ Sustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ In 2008, the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels released its proposed standards for sustainable biofuels.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ This includes 12 principles: Several countries and regions have introduced policies or adopted standards to promote sustainable biofuels production and use, most prominently the European Union and the United States.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ The 2009 EU Renewable Energy Directive, which requires 10 percent of transportation energy from renewable energy by 2020, is the most comprehensive mandatory sustainability standard in place as of 2010.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ \"The EU Renewable Energy Directive requires that the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels consumed be at least 50 percent less than the equivalent emissions from gasoline or diesel by 2017 (and 35 percent less starting in 2011).", "Low-carbon fuel standard __knowledge__ A low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is a rule enacted to reduce carbon intensity in transportation fuels as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel.", "Low-carbon fuel standard __knowledge__ The most common low-carbon fuels are alternative fuels and cleaner fossil fuels, such as natural gas (CNG and LPG).", "Low-carbon fuel standard __knowledge__ The main purpose of a low-carbon fuel standard is to decrease carbon dioxide emissions associated with vehicles powered by various types of internal combustion engines while also considering the entire life cycle (\"well to wheels\"), in order to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation.", "Low-carbon fuel standard __knowledge__ The first low-carbon fuel standard mandate in the world was enacted by California in 2007, with specific eligibility criteria defined by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in April 2009 but taking effect in January 2011.", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ Renewable fuels are fuels produced from renewable resources.", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ Examples include: biofuels (e.g.", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ Vegetable oil used as fuel, ethanol, methanol from clean energy and carbon dioxide or biomass, and biodiesel) and Hydrogen fuel (when produced with renewable processes).", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ This is in contrast to non-renewable fuels such as natural gas, LPG (propane), petroleum and other fossil fuels and nuclear energy.", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ Renewable fuels can include fuels that are synthesized from renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar.", "Renewable fuels __knowledge__ Renewable fuels have gained in popularity due to their sustainability, low contributions to the carbon cycle, and in some cases lower amounts of greenhouse gases.", "Photosynthesis __knowledge__ Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).", "Photosynthesis __knowledge__ This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"photosynthesis\", from the Greek φῶς, \"phōs\", \"light\", and σύνθεσις, \"synthesis\", \"putting together\".", "Photosynthesis __knowledge__ In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product.", "Photosynthesis __knowledge__ Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs.", "Energy development __knowledge__ Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.", "Energy development __knowledge__ These activities include production of conventional, alternative and renewable sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted.", "Energy development __knowledge__ Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.", "Energy development __knowledge__ Societies use energy for transportation, manufacturing, illumination, heating and air conditioning, and communication, for industrial, commercial, and domestic purposes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Green vehicle __knowledge__ A green vehicle, or clean vehicle, or eco-friendly vehicle or environmentally-friendly vehicle is a road motor vehicle that produces less harmful impacts to the environment than comparable conventional internal combustion engine vehicles running on gasoline or diesel, or one that uses certain alternative fuels.", "Green vehicle __knowledge__ Presently, in some countries the term is used for any vehicle complying or surpassing the more stringent European emission standards (such as Euro6), or California's zero-emissions vehicle standards (such as ZEV, ULEV, SULEV, PZEV), or the low-carbon fuel standards enacted in several countries.", "Environmental enterprise __knowledge__ An environmental enterprise is an environmentally friendly/compatible business.", "Environmental enterprise __knowledge__ Specifically, an environmental enterprise is a business that produces value in the same manner which an ecosystem does, neither producing waste nor consuming unsustainable resources.", "Environmental enterprise __knowledge__ In addition, an environmental enterprise rather finds alternative ways to produce one’s products instead of taking advantage of animals for the sake of human profits.", "Environmental enterprise __knowledge__ To be closer to the goal of being an environmentally friendly company, some environmental enterprises invest their money to develop or improve their technologies which are also environmentally friendly.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentives to plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ These mainly include tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional perks that range from access to bus lines to waivers on fees (charging, parking, tolls, etc.).", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ The amount of these incentives usually depend on battery size and the vehicle all-electric range, and some countries extend the benefits to fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Greenwashing __knowledge__ Greenwashing (a compound word modelled on \"whitewash\"), also called \"green sheen\", is a form of spin in which green PR or green marketing is deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization's products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly.", "Greenwashing __knowledge__ Evidence that an organization is greenwashing often comes from pointing out the spending differences: when significantly more money or time has been spent advertising being \"green\" (that is, operating with consideration for the environment), than is actually spent on environmentally sound practices.", "Greenwashing __knowledge__ Greenwashing efforts can range from changing the name or label of a product to evoke the natural environment on a product that contains harmful chemicals to multimillion-dollar advertising campaigns portraying highly polluting energy companies as eco-friendly.", "History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas) __knowledge__ Natural gas has been used almost as long as crude oil in Canada, but its commercial development was not as rapid.", "History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas) __knowledge__ This is because of special properties of this energy commodity: it is a gas, and it frequently contains impurities.", "History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas) __knowledge__ The technical challenges involved to first process and then pipe it to market are therefore considerable.", "History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas) __knowledge__ Furthermore, the costs of pipeline building make the whole enterprise capital intensive, requiring both money and engineering expertise, and large enough markets to make the business profitable.", "History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas) __knowledge__ Until it became commercially viable, natural gas was often a nuisance.", "Public transport __knowledge__ Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, or mass transit) is transport of passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip.", "Public transport __knowledge__ Examples of public transport include city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail) and passenger trains, rapid transit (metro/subway/underground, etc.)", "Public transport __knowledge__ and ferries.", "Public transport __knowledge__ Public transport between cities is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail.", "Public transport __knowledge__ High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts of the world.", "Membraneless Fuel Cells __knowledge__ Membraneless Fuel Cells convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy without the use of a conducting membrane as with other types of fuel cells.", "Membraneless Fuel Cells __knowledge__ In Laminar Flow Fuel Cells (LFFC) this is achieved by exploiting the phenomenon of non-mixing laminar flows where the interface between the two flows works as a proton/ion conductor.", "Membraneless Fuel Cells __knowledge__ The interface allows for high diffusivity and eliminates the need for costly membranes.", "Membraneless Fuel Cells __knowledge__ The operating principles of these cells mean that they can only be built to millimeter-scale sizes.", "Membraneless Fuel Cells __knowledge__ The lack of a membrane means they are cheaper but the size limits their use to portable applications which require small amounts of power.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Biofuels Center of North Carolina is a private, nonprofit corporate facility located on a Biofuels Campus in Oxford, North Carolina.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center is funded by the North Carolina General Assembly to implement \"North Carolina's Strategic Plan for Biofuels Leadership\" and to reduce the state's dependence on imported liquid fuel.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center's mission is to develop a sustainable, statewide biofuels industry to reduce this dependence, create jobs and opportunities for prosperity for North Carolinians.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The strategic goal: by 2017, 10% of North Carolina’s liquid fuels—or about a year—will be produced in-state from locally grown biomass.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ United States policy in regard to biofuels, such as ethanol fuel and biodiesel, began in the early 1990s as the government began looking more intensely at biofuels as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and increase the nation's overall sustainability.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ Since then, biofuel policies have been refined, focused on getting the most efficient fuels commercially available, creating fuels that can compete with petroleum-based fuels, and ensuring that the agricultural industry can support and sustain the use of biofuels.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ \"See also: Oil Crisis, Ethanol Fuel, Alternative Fuels, Biofuel, Peak Oil, Oil Depletion, Oil Reserves\", In 2010, the United States imported about of crude oil.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ It is a biofuel produced from grasses, wood, algae, or other plants.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ The fibrous parts of the plants are mostly inedible to animals, including humans, except for ruminants (grazing, cud-chewing animals such as cows or sheep).", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Considerable interest in cellulosic ethanol exists because it has the potential for strong economic importance.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Growth of cellulose by plants is a mechanism that captures and stores solar energy chemically in nontoxic ways with resultant supplies that are easy to transport and store.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, but has been classed as a renewable energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks, because plant stocks can be replaced with new growth.", "Biomass __knowledge__ It has become popular among coal power stations, which switch from coal to biomass in order to convert to renewable energy generation without wasting existing generating plant and infrastructure.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Biomass most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produces mainly biodiesel and ethanol fuel, which uses corn as the main feedstock.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ In 2005 the US overtook Brazil as the world's largest ethanol producer.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ In 2006 the US produced of ethanol.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ The United States, together with Brazil accounted for 70 percent of all ethanol production, with total world production of (40 million metric tons).", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ When accounting just for fuel ethanol production in 2007, the U.S. and Brazil are responsible for 88% of the total world production.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ Biodiesel is commercially available in most oilseed-producing states.", "Biofuel in the United States __knowledge__ , it was somewhat more expensive than fossil diesel, though it is still commonly produced in relatively small quantities (in comparison to petroleum products and ethanol fuel)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ Cutting Edge is a series of recordings made by the British rock band Delirious?.", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ The songs were originally written for a regular youth event, Cutting Edge, in the band's home town of Littlehampton.", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ Through this, the band gained its first name, The Cutting Edge Band, which was later changed to Delirious?", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ when the band went full-time in 1996.", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ Reviewing the 1998 United States release, \"CCM\" magazine found that the band had created \"a modern hymnody for generations raised on rock 'n 'roll.\"", "Cutting Edge (recordings) __knowledge__ One major lyrical break from older styles of hymns, however, was the lack of masculine and patriarchal pronouns.", "Straight razor __knowledge__ A straight razor is a razor with a blade that can fold into its handle.", "Straight razor __knowledge__ They are also called open razors and cut-throat razors.", "Straight razor __knowledge__ The predecessors of the modern straight razors include bronze razors, with cutting edges and fixed handles, produced by craftsmen from Ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (1569 - 1081 BC).", "Straight razor __knowledge__ Solid gold and copper razors were also found in Ancient Egyptian tombs dating back to the 4th millennium BC.", "Straight razor __knowledge__ The first steel-edged cutthroat razors were manufactured in Sheffield in 1680.", "Straight razor __knowledge__ By the late 1680s, early 1690s, razors with silver-covered handles along with other Sheffield-made products known as \"Sheffield wares\" were being exported to ports in the Gulf of Finland, approximately 1200 miles from Sheffield.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of holes in many different materials.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ In order to create holes drill bits are usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut through the workpiece, typically by rotation.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the \"shank\" in the chuck.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ Drill bits come in standard sizes, described in the drill bit sizes article.", "Drill bit __knowledge__ A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drill bits alongside the required screw tap sizes.", "Delirious? __knowledge__ Delirious?", "Delirious? __knowledge__ (formerly known as The Cutting Edge Band) were an English contemporary Christian band.", "Delirious? __knowledge__ For the majority of their career, the lineup featured Martin Smith on vocals and guitar, Stu G (full name Stuart Garrard) on guitar and backing vocals, Jon Thatcher on bass guitar, Tim Jupp on keys and piano, and Stew Smith on drums and percussion.", "Delirious? __knowledge__ During their final two years, drumming duties were assumed by Paul Evans.", "Delirious? __knowledge__ They are perhaps best known for their modern worship songs \"Rain Down\", \"Majesty\", \"Lord You Have My Heart\", \"Thank You for Saving Me\", \"Did You Feel the Mountains Tremble?", "Delirious? __knowledge__ \", \"What a Friend I've Found\" and their 1994 song \"I Could Sing of Your Love Forever\", which has been called a \"modern worship classic\" and is their most popular song in the United States.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ Adam Joseph Copeland (born October 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor, podcaster, and retired professional wrestler better known by his ring name Edge.", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is best known for his long tenure in the professional wrestling promotion WWE, where he is a member of the WWE Hall of Fame.", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ Copeland was trained by professional wrestlers Sweet Daddy Siki and Ron Hutchison.", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ Throughout the 1990s, he wrestled in various U.S. independent promotions.", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ During his time in these promotions, he competed in singles and tag team competition, the latter with long-time friend Christian.", "Edge (wrestler) __knowledge__ In 1997, Copeland signed a developmental deal with the WWF and began competing for the company later that year; he made his televised debut the following June under the ring name Edge.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Biofuels Center of North Carolina is a private, nonprofit corporate facility located on a Biofuels Campus in Oxford, North Carolina.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center is funded by the North Carolina General Assembly to implement \"North Carolina's Strategic Plan for Biofuels Leadership\" and to reduce the state's dependence on imported liquid fuel.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The Center's mission is to develop a sustainable, statewide biofuels industry to reduce this dependence, create jobs and opportunities for prosperity for North Carolinians.", "Biofuels Center of North Carolina __knowledge__ The strategic goal: by 2017, 10% of North Carolina’s liquid fuels—or about a year—will be produced in-state from locally grown biomass.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ Oxford is a town in Granville County, North Carolina, United States, with a population of 8,461 as of the 2010 census.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Granville County.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ The town's history dates to 1761, when local legislator Samuel Benton built a plantation home and called it \"Oxford\".", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ The legislature ordered the area around his plantation to be the seat of Granville County.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ The town was not incorporated until 1816.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ The first Masonic orphanage for children in the United States was built in Oxford.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ It was originally established as St. John's College in 1858.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ The college floundered, however.", "Oxford, North Carolina __knowledge__ In 1872 the community suggested that the property be used to educate the less fortunate.", "Public Facilities Privacy &amp; Security Act __knowledge__ The Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, officially called An Act to Provide for Single-sex Multiple Occupancy Bathroom and Changing Facilities in Schools and Public Agencies and to Create Statewide Consistency in Regulation of Employment and Public Accommodations but commonly known as House Bill 2 or HB2, is an act passed in the U.S. state of North Carolina in March 2016.", "Public Facilities Privacy &amp; Security Act __knowledge__ It was signed into law by Governor Pat McCrory.", "Public Facilities Privacy &amp; Security Act __knowledge__ Some opponents of the bill describe it as the most anti-LGBT legislation in the United States.", "Public Facilities Privacy &amp; Security Act __knowledge__ Some proponents of HB2 call it \"common sense\" legislation, while advocates of repeal say replacing it with an anti-discrimination law is \"common sense\".", "Walter M. Williams High School __knowledge__ Walter M. Williams High School, the flagship school of the Alamance-Burlington School System, is a high school (grades 9–12) in Burlington, North Carolina.", "Walter M. Williams High School __knowledge__ The school was named in honor of philanthropist, industrialist, and former Burlington City Schools chairman Walter M. Williams.", "Walter M. Williams High School __knowledge__ The school will enter its seventh decade of operation on August 25, 2011.", "Walter M. Williams High School __knowledge__ In past years, the school has been recognized by the United States Department of Education as one of the top six high schools in North Carolina, and received the Blue Ribbon School designation in 1993..", "Walter M. Williams High School __knowledge__ This designation is considered the highest honor that an American school can achieve.", "North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (also known as North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina A&T, N.C. A&T, or simply A&T) is a public, coeducational, historically black, research university located in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.", "North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ It is a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina, one of the oldest public universities in the United States.", "North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ Founded by act of the North Carolina General Assembly, on March 9, 1891, as the Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race, it is the second college established under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, and first for people of color in the state of North Carolina.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ Raleigh (; ) is the capital of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ Raleigh is the second-largest city in the state of North Carolina, behind only Charlotte.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ Raleigh is known as the \"City of Oaks\" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ The city covers a land area of .", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population as 451,066 as of July 1, 2015.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country.", "Raleigh, North Carolina __knowledge__ The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County." ] ]

[ 1, 56, 19, 35, 46 ]

[ "I studied agriculture a little bit in school. The course mainly focused on biofuel and medicinial plants. Very interesting subject.", "Biofuels is a good field to get in to. Renewable biofuels involve contemporary carbon fixation, like microalgae through photosynthesis", "North Carolina is very active in using biofuels. Their goal for 2017 was 10% of it's liquid fuels will be produced in-state from locally grown biomass.", "The Biofuels Center of North Carolina is a private, nonprofit corporate facility located in Oxford, North Carolina. I'd like to visit someday", "Yes, they are helping to reduce the state's dependence on imported liquid fuel so they are doing a very important job there." ]

[ "Agriculture", "Agriculture", "Agriculture", "Agriculture", "Agriculture" ]

[ "Iceland", "That sounds awesome, how far away was that from home?", "That sounds like a long travel though, I am glad it turned out well", "That sounds amazing, it seems to have i all, I always wanted to see lava fields" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ \"Gorilla\" is a song by American recording artist Bruno Mars from his 2012 studio album \"Unorthodox Jukebox\".", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine, while production was handled by the former along with Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson, who had all previously co-produced the single \"Locked Out of Heaven\" for the same album.", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ Atlantic Records serviced the track to Contemporary hit radio in the United States on September 10, 2013, as the fourth single from \"Unorthodox Jukebox\".", "Gorilla (song) __knowledge__ The official remix (G-Mix) of the song features American singers Pharrell Williams and R. Kelly, and was released in Canada and US on November 12.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Wildflower (The Avalanches album) __knowledge__ Wildflower is the second studio album recorded by Australian electronic music group the Avalanches.", "Wildflower (The Avalanches album) __knowledge__ It was first released for streaming on Apple Music on 1 July 2016, and saw a full release a week later on 8 July.", "Wildflower (The Avalanches album) __knowledge__ It was issued through Modular Recordings, Astralwerks, XL Recordings, and EMI.", "Wildflower (The Avalanches album) __knowledge__ Production of the album was led by Robbie Chater with assistance from Tony Di Blasi and lasted nearly 16 years, commencing shortly after the release of their debut album, \"Since I Left You\", in November 2000 and not concluding until March 2016.", "Wildflower (The Avalanches album) __knowledge__ The album features multiple guest collaborators providing vocals and live instrumentation across its 21 tracks.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ \"In the Air Tonight\" is the debut solo single by the English singer-songwriter and drummer Phil Collins.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from Collins' debut solo album, \"Face Value\", in January 1981.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ Collins co-produced the single with Hugh Padgham, who became a frequent collaborator in the following years.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ The song was an instant hit, quickly climbing to No.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ 2 on the UK Singles chart but was held off the top spot by the posthumous release of John Lennon's \"Woman\".", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ It was also an international hit, peaking at No.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States and No.", "In the Air Tonight __knowledge__ 1 in the Netherlands.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "John Acland (died 1553) __knowledge__ John VI Acland (died 1553) was described as \"the first of the (Acland) family to emerge from the shadows of history as a visible human being\".", "John Acland (died 1553) __knowledge__ His great-grandson was the Royalist colonel Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (d. 1648) of Columb John.", "John Acland (died 1553) __knowledge__ Little if anything is known of his life and career, he was possibly a minor Tudor official, but he is chiefly remembered for his surviving portrait which is displayed at Killerton House, the earliest surviving image of an Acland and the most cherished in that family's former collection, now owned by the National Trust.", "John Acland (died 1553) __knowledge__ He was seated at Acland Barton in the parish of Landkey, near Barnstaple in North Devon, which had been the family's seat since 1155.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about .", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west.", "Atlantic Ocean __knowledge__ As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica).", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ The Norwegian Sea () is a marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean, northwest of Norway.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ It is located between the North Sea (i.e.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ north of the United Kingdom) and the Greenland Sea and adjoins the Barents Sea to the northeast.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ In the southwest, it is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a submarine ridge running between Iceland and the Faroe Islands.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ To the North, the Jan Mayen Ridge separates it from the Greenland Sea.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ Unlike many other seas, most of the bottom of the Norwegian Sea is not part of a continental shelf and therefore lies at a great depth of about two kilometres on average.", "Norwegian Sea __knowledge__ Rich deposits of oil and natural gas are found under the sea bottom and are being explored commercially, in the areas with sea depths of up to about one kilometre.", "North Atlantic right whale __knowledge__ The North Atlantic right whale (\"Eubalaena glacialis\", which means \"good, or true, whale of the ice\") is a baleen whale, one of three right whale species belonging to the genus \"Eubalaena\", all of which were formerly classified as a single species.", "North Atlantic right whale __knowledge__ Because of their docile nature, their slow surface-skimming feeding behaviors, their tendencies to stay close to the coast, and their high blubber content (which makes them float when they are killed, and which produced high yields of whale oil), right whales were once a preferred target for whalers.", "North Atlantic right whale __knowledge__ At present, they are among the most endangered whales in the world, and they are protected under the U.S.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks had settled Iceland before that date.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The land was settled quickly, mainly by Norwegians who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ By 930, the chieftains had established a form of governance, the \"Althing\", making it one of the world's oldest parliaments.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Norway __knowledge__ Norway ( ; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); ), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.", "Norway __knowledge__ The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom.", "Norway __knowledge__ Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land.", "Norway __knowledge__ Until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland.", "Norway __knowledge__ It also included Bohuslän until 1658, Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: Only appearing in \"Captain Marvel Adventures\" #139.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Niatpac Levram was the creation of the devilish Wizzo the Wizard!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ The wizard created Levram as a mirror duplicate of Captain Marvel by casting a spell and animating Cap's image from a mirror.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Wizzo used Niatpac Levram to wreak havoc on Captain Marvel's city for the sole purpose of graduating from the School of Black Magicians!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Cap was able to defeat Wizzo and send Nia back to the mirror universe!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ 1948, \"Mary Marvel\" #24.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The Chemistry Set are a cult London psychedelic band.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Composed of veterans of the late 1980s neo-psychedelic boom, the group received regular airplay on John Peel's show, were covered in the mainstream and underground music press and appeared on Tony Wilson's BBC2 television show, \"100%\".", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The original line up consisted of Ashley Wood (rhythm guitar/vocals), Paul Lake (lead guitar/vocals), Henry Taprell (bass) and Dave McLean (drums/vocals) with Neil Pond (Harmonica and percussion) joining them both onstage and in the studio.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Wood and Lake had previously played in school bands for a number of years having met at secondary school in south east London.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden ( ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.", "Sweden __knowledge__ At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden has a total population of 10 million of which 2.3 million has a foreign background.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It has a low population density of ; the highest concentration is in the southern half of the country.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ Lithuania (; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania (), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ Lithuanians are a Baltic people.", "Lithuania __knowledge__ The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.", "Empire of Brazil __knowledge__ The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay.", "Empire of Brazil __knowledge__ Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II.", "Empire of Brazil __knowledge__ A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom João VI, fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.", "Empire of Brazil __knowledge__ João VI later returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir, Pedro, to rule the Kingdom of Brazil as regent.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The Netherlands (; ), also known informally as Holland, is a country in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij).", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The geography of the Soviet Union includes the geographic features of the countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, covering approximately one sixth of the earth's land surface.", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It was two and a half times the size of the United States, and only slightly smaller in land area than the entire continent of North America.", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It covered most of the northern half of Asia and a large part of Eastern Europe, extending even into the Middle East.", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ About one quarter of its territory was in Europe, and the rest in Asia.", "Geography of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The territory of the USSR was dominated by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic—having the same borders as contemporary Russia—which covered roughly three quarters of the surface area of the union." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is a U.S. National Monument and national preserve in the Snake River Plain in central Idaho.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ It is along US 20 (concurrent with US 93 and US 26), between the small towns of Arco and Carey, at an average elevation of 5,900 feet (1,800 m) above sea level.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ The protected area's features are volcanic and represent one of the best-preserved flood basalt areas in the continental United States.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ The Monument was established on May 2, 1924.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ In November 2000, a presidential proclamation by President Clinton greatly expanded the Monument area.", "Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve __knowledge__ The National Park Service portions of the expanded Monument were designated as Craters of the Moon National Preserve in August 2002.", "Mount Edziza volcanic complex __knowledge__ The Mount Edziza volcanic complex is a large and potentially active north-south trending complex volcano in Stikine Country, northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located southeast of the small community of Telegraph Creek.", "Mount Edziza volcanic complex __knowledge__ It occupies the southeastern portion of the Tahltan Highland, an upland area of plateau and lower mountain ranges, lying east of the Boundary Ranges and south of the Inklin River, which is the east fork of the Taku River.", "Mount Edziza volcanic complex __knowledge__ As a volcanic complex, it consists of many types of volcanoes, including shield volcanoes, calderas, lava domes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cones.", "Mount Edziza volcanic complex __knowledge__ Most of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex is encompassed within a large provincial park called Mount Edziza Provincial Park.", "Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province __knowledge__ The volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province presents a record of volcanic activity in northwestern British Columbia, central Yukon and the U.S. state of easternmost Alaska.", "Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province __knowledge__ The volcanic activity lies in the northern part of the Western Cordillera of the Pacific Northwest region of North America.", "Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province __knowledge__ Extensional cracking of the North American Plate in this part of North America has existed for millions of years.", "Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province __knowledge__ Continuation of this continental rifting has fed scores of volcanoes throughout the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province over at least the past 20 million years (see Geology of the Pacific Northwest) and occasionally continued into geologically recent times.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field __knowledge__ Hell's Half Acre Lava Field is a basaltic lava plain located on the Snake River Plain of Idaho in the United States.", "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field __knowledge__ It is the easternmost of the basaltic lava fields on the Snake River Plain, located about west of Idaho Falls, Idaho and north of Pocatello, Idaho.", "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field __knowledge__ In 1976, the National Park Service designated the northwestern portion of the site a National Natural Landmark.", "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field __knowledge__ In 1986, the Bureau of Land Management recommended that of the site, located just southeast of the National Natural Landmark, to be a wilderness study area.", "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field __knowledge__ The Hell's Half Acre lava plain is located in Bingham and Bonneville counties in the state of Idaho.", "Chã das Caldeiras __knowledge__ Chã das Caldeiras (“Plain or Plateau of the Calderas”) is a small community of approximately 1,000 inhabitants within the crater of the volcanic \"Pico do Fogo\" on the island of Fogo, one of nine inhabited islands comprising Cape Verde and a volcanic plateau being the largest in Cape Verde, it is at the foot of the rim mountain of Bordeira.", "Chã das Caldeiras __knowledge__ The village consists of two parts: \"Portela\" is the upper part with the Tourist Information, a school, Catholic Church, Adventist Church and the Cooperative.", "Chã das Caldeiras __knowledge__ At an elevation of about 1,700 meters, it is the highest village in Cape Verde, higher than other settlements especially in Santo Antão, it is also considered being the highest place in the whole of West Africa including its mainland as its elevation stands higher than much of the areas in the entire West Africa with the mainland.", "Geology of Venus __knowledge__ Venus is a planet with striking geology.", "Geology of Venus __knowledge__ Of all the other planets in the Solar System, it is the one nearest to Earth and most like it in terms of mass, but has no magnetic field or recognizable plate tectonic system.", "Geology of Venus __knowledge__ Much of the ground surface is exposed volcanic bedrock, some with thin and patchy layers of soil covering, in marked contrast with Earth, the Moon, and Mars.", "Geology of Venus __knowledge__ Some impact craters are present, but Venus is similar to Earth in that there are much fewer craters than on the other rocky planets that are largely covered by them.", "Geology of Venus __knowledge__ This is due in part to the thickness of the Venusian atmosphere disrupting small impactors before they strike the ground, but the paucity of large craters may be due to volcanic re-surfacing, possibly of a catastrophic nature.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ Sarek National Park () is a national park in Jokkmokk Municipality, Lapland in northern Sweden.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ Established in 1909–1910, the park is one of the oldest national parks in Europe.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ It is adjacent to two other national parks, namely Stora Sjöfallet and Padjelanta.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ The shape of Sarek National Park is roughly circular with an average diameter of about .", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ The most noted features of the national park are six of Sweden's thirteen peaks over located within the park's boundaries.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ Among these is the second highest mountain in Sweden, Sarektjåkkå, whilst the massif Áhkká is located just outside the park.", "Sarek National Park __knowledge__ The park has about 200 peaks over , 82 of which have names.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use, mountain recreation, animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and, in the longer term, the level of the oceans.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ Studied by glaciologists, the temporal coincidence of glacier retreat with the measured increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases is often cited as an evidentiary underpinning of global warming.", "Retreat of glaciers since 1850 __knowledge__ Mid-latitude mountain ranges such as the Himalayas, Alps, Rocky Mountains, Cascade Range, and the southern Andes, as well as isolated tropical summits such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, are showing some of the largest proportionate glacial losses." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 5 ]

[ "I just came back from Iceland, the European country in the North Atlantic Ocean. I learned so much about the place.", "Im from the USA so very far. Iceland happens to be the most sparsely populated European countries. This makes it great to travel to.", "Iceland was absolutely beautiful. You can see lava fields, glaciers, and massive mountains.", "Iceland is also geologically active because of the movements of the glaciers. It is also still volcanically active." ]

[ "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland" ]

[ "Fisherman", "That's amazing! What kind of fish do you cast for? Sounds like I'd love to come to your house!", "Mmmm. Smoked fish sounds delicious. I don't think I've heard of mullet. That's interesting. Is mullet a pretty common fish?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fisherman __knowledge__ A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishermen may be professional or recreational and may be both men or women.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing had become a major means of survival as well as a business venture.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing and the fisherman have also influenced Ancient Egyptian religion; mullets were worshiped as a sign of the arriving flood season.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Bastet was often manifested in the form of a catfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ In ancient Egyptian literature, the method that Amun used to create the world is associated with the tilapia's method of mouth-brooding.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there were about 39 million fishers in countries producing more than 200,000 tonnes in 2012, which is nearly 140% the number in 1995.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ The total fishery production of 66 million tonnes equated to an average productivity of 3.5 tonnes per person.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Most of this growth took place in Asian countries, where four-fifths of world fishers and fish farmers dwell." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fisherman __knowledge__ A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishermen may be professional or recreational and may be both men or women.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing had become a major means of survival as well as a business venture.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing and the fisherman have also influenced Ancient Egyptian religion; mullets were worshiped as a sign of the arriving flood season.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Bastet was often manifested in the form of a catfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ In ancient Egyptian literature, the method that Amun used to create the world is associated with the tilapia's method of mouth-brooding.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there were about 39 million fishers in countries producing more than 200,000 tonnes in 2012, which is nearly 140% the number in 1995.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ The total fishery production of 66 million tonnes equated to an average productivity of 3.5 tonnes per person.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Most of this growth took place in Asian countries, where four-fifths of world fishers and fish farmers dwell.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ This is a character list of the Taiwanese television series \"The X-Family\", which was aired between August 8 and October 23, 2007.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Full name: Xia Lan Xing De Xiong (夏蘭荇德‧雄).Blood status: Pure-blood.Age: 43 years old.Aura: Red.Position in the family: Mother of Xia Yu (夏宇), Xia Tian (夏天), and Xia Mei (夏美).Status: Alive.Fighting Points 11500+.Actress: Pauline Lan (藍心湄).", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Biography: As the sole bread winner in the family and owner of a truck company, she takes on the roles that traditionally belong to fathers and sons.", "List of The X-Family characters __knowledge__ Despite her tough exterior, she desires the closeness and comfort of a normal family life.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The Chemistry Set are a cult London psychedelic band.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Composed of veterans of the late 1980s neo-psychedelic boom, the group received regular airplay on John Peel's show, were covered in the mainstream and underground music press and appeared on Tony Wilson's BBC2 television show, \"100%\".", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The original line up consisted of Ashley Wood (rhythm guitar/vocals), Paul Lake (lead guitar/vocals), Henry Taprell (bass) and Dave McLean (drums/vocals) with Neil Pond (Harmonica and percussion) joining them both onstage and in the studio.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Wood and Lake had previously played in school bands for a number of years having met at secondary school in south east London.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ They do not represent a distinct taxon or systematic grouping, but rather have a polyphyletic relation due to convergent evolution, as in they do not have an immediate common ancestor.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ They are also unified by their reliance on the marine environment for feeding.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ Marine mammal adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle varies considerably between species.", "Marine mammal __knowledge__ Both cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic and therefore are obligate water dwellers.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ The sea otter (\"Enhydra lutris\") is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ Although it can walk on land, the sea otter lives mostly in the ocean.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ The sea otter inhabits offshore environments, where it dives to the sea floor to forage.", "Sea otter __knowledge__ It preys mostly on marine invertebrates such as sea urchins, various molluscs and crustaceans, and some species of fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ It is less commonly spelled aquiculture), and is also known as aquafarming.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture \"is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fisherman __knowledge__ A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishermen may be professional or recreational and may be both men or women.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing had become a major means of survival as well as a business venture.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Fishing and the fisherman have also influenced Ancient Egyptian religion; mullets were worshiped as a sign of the arriving flood season.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Bastet was often manifested in the form of a catfish.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ In ancient Egyptian literature, the method that Amun used to create the world is associated with the tilapia's method of mouth-brooding.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there were about 39 million fishers in countries producing more than 200,000 tonnes in 2012, which is nearly 140% the number in 1995.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ The total fishery production of 66 million tonnes equated to an average productivity of 3.5 tonnes per person.", "Fisherman __knowledge__ Most of this growth took place in Asian countries, where four-fifths of world fishers and fish farmers dwell.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Smoked fish is fish that has been cured by smoking.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Foods have been smoked by humans throughout history.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Originally this was done as a preservative.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ In more recent times fish is readily preserved by refrigeration and freezing and the smoking of fish is generally done for the unique taste and flavour imparted by the smoking process.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ According to Jeffrey J. Rozum \"The process of smoking fish occurs through the use of fire.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ Wood contains three major components that are broken down in the burning process to form smoke.", "Smoked fish __knowledge__ The burning process is called pyrolysis, which is simply defined as the chemical decomposition by heat.", "Traditional Grimsby smoked fish __knowledge__ Traditional Grimsby smoked fish are regionally processed fish food products from the British fishing town of Grimsby, England.", "Traditional Grimsby smoked fish __knowledge__ Grimsby has long been associated with the sea fishing industry, which once gave the town much of its wealth.", "Traditional Grimsby smoked fish __knowledge__ At its peak in the 1950s, it was the largest and busiest fishing port in the world.", "Traditional Grimsby smoked fish __knowledge__ The UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), defines Traditional Grimsby smoked fish \"as fillets of cod and haddock, weighing between 200 and 700 grams, which have been cold smoked in accordance with the traditional method and within a defined geographical area around Grimsby.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ The flathead grey mullet (\"Mugil cephalus\") is an important food fish species in the mullet family Mugilidae.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ It is found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ Its length is typically .", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ It is known with numerous English names, including the flathead mullet, striped mullet (US, American Fisheries Society name), black mullet, bully mullet, common mullet, grey mullet, sea mullet and mullet, among others.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ The flathead grey mullet is a mainly diurnal coastal species that often enters estuaries and rivers.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ It usually schools over sand or mud bottoms, feeding on zooplankton.", "Flathead grey mullet __knowledge__ The adult fish normally feed on algae in fresh water.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ \"Home and Away\" is an Australian soap opera first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ The 3rd season of \"Home and Away\" began airing from 8 January 1990.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 1990, by order of first appearance.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by the show's executive producer Des Monaghan.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ In January, Rebekah Elmaloglou began appearing as Sophie Simpson.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ The following month Craig McLachlan and Julian McMahon took on the respective roles of school teacher Grant Mitchell and soldier Ben Lucini.", "List of Home and Away characters (1990) __knowledge__ March saw the introduction of Jaiman Paget Bayly as recurring character Murray \"Mullet\" Jensen.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ Tormented is a 2009 British comedy horror slasher film directed by Jon Wright and written by Stephen Prentice.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The film stars Alex Pettyfer, April Pearson, Dimitri Leonidas, Calvin Dean and Tuppence Middleton.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The plot centers around a group of students being stalked and murdered by the ghost of a bullied teenager.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The film was released on 22 May 2009 in the United Kingdom by Pathé and was produced by BBC Films, Pathé, Slingshot Studios, Forward Films, and Screen West Midlands.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ It received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with many praising the humour and cast, but criticizing the formulaic plot.", "Roe __knowledge__ Roe () or hard roe is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses of fish and certain marine animals, such as shrimp, scallop and sea urchins.", "Roe __knowledge__ As a seafood, roe is used both as a cooked ingredient in many dishes and as a raw ingredient.", "Roe __knowledge__ The roe of marine animals, such as the roe of lumpsucker, hake and salmon, is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids.", "Roe __knowledge__ Roe from a sturgeon or sometimes other fishes is the raw base product from which caviar is made.", "Roe __knowledge__ The term soft roe or white roe denotes fish milt.", "Roe __knowledge__ The large Indian population in KwaZulu-Natal consumes fish roe in the form of slightly sour curry or battered and deep fried.", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ Bokkoms (or Bokkems) is whole, salted and dried mullet (more specifically the Southern mullet, \"Liza richardsonii\", a type of fish commonly known in the Western Cape of South Africa as \"harders\"), and is a well-known delicacy from the West Coast region of South Africa.", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ This salted fish is dried in the sun and wind and is eaten after peeling off the skin.", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ In some cases it is also smoked.", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as \"fish biltong\".", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ The word \"bokkom\" comes from the Dutch word \"bokkem\", which is a variant of the word \"bokking\" (or \"buckinc\" in Middle Dutch).", "Bokkoms __knowledge__ The word \"bokking\" is derived from the word \"bok\" (the Dutch word for \"buck\" or \"goat\"), and refers to the fact that bokkoms reminds of goat, because bokkoms has the same shape as the horns of a goat, it is just as hard as a goat's horns, and it stinks just as much as the horn of a goat (goats have scent glands behind their horns which causes the smell).", "Mullet (haircut) __knowledge__ The mullet is a hairstyle that is short at the front and sides and long in the back.", "Mullet (haircut) __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", use of the term \"mullet\" to describe this hairstyle was \"apparently coined, and certainly popularized, by U.S. hip-hop group the Beastie Boys\", who used \"mullet\" and \"mullet head\" as epithets in their 1994 song \"Mullet Head\".", "Mullet (haircut) __knowledge__ The term \"mullet head\" had previously always or nearly always been used to refer to a person of dubious intelligence, e.g.", "Mullet (haircut) __knowledge__ as in the movie \"Cool Hand Luke\", where defeated villains had been referred to as \"mullet heads\".", "Mullet (haircut) __knowledge__ In the sixth century, Byzantine scholar Procopius wrote that some factions of young males wore their hair long at the back and cut it short over the forehead.", "Miketz __knowledge__ Miketz or Mikeitz ( — Hebrew for \"at the end,\" the second word, and first distinctive word of the \"parashah\"), is the tenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Miketz __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah tells of Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams, Joseph's rise to power in Egypt, and Joseph's testing of his brothers.", "Miketz __knowledge__ The parashah has the most letters (although not the most words or verses) of any of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Genesis.", "Miketz __knowledge__ It is made up of 7,914 Hebrew letters, 2,022 Hebrew words, 146 verses, and can occupy about 255 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ South-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida, Fort De Soto Park is a park operated by Pinellas County on five offshore keys, or islands: Madelaine Key, St. Jean Key, St. Christopher Key, Bonne Fortune Key and the main island, Mullet Key.", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ The keys are connected by either bridge or causeway.", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ The island group is accessible by toll road from the mainland.", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ Historically, the islands were used for military fortifications; remnants and a museum exhibit this history.", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ Two piers, beaches, picnic area, hiking trails, bicycling trails, kayak trail, and a ferry to Egmont Key State Park are available.", "Fort De Soto Park __knowledge__ The park is a 'gateway site' for the Great Florida Birding Trail.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 0 ]

[ "I am a fisherman. Actually fisher woman I go out and capture fish and other animals like shellfish from the water in order to cook them up and eat them.", "I do like st for mullet sometime to smoke. Heard the other day that the Egyptians worshiped mullet as a sign of the food season.", "Down south It is pretty common. Most people think it's a poor mans fish but they don't know what their missing. more for me." ]

[ "Fisherman", "Fisherman", "Fisherman" ]

[ "Equestrianism\nI love horses but I don't know much about riding.", "Wow! Do you know what they were first used for?", "That's really cool, I remember reading about that as a kid. What else do you know?", "I've never heard of horse hacking, what's that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "List of Infinite Ryvius characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the anime \"Infinite Ryvius\".", "List of Infinite Ryvius characters __knowledge__ From Earth, 16-year-old Kouji is brother to Yuki, childhood friend to Aoi, good friends with fellow piloting student and roommate Ikumi and an honest and good person.", "List of Infinite Ryvius characters __knowledge__ The main character, Kouji along with Yuki was raised by their mother after their parents divorced, and unconsciously acts as a patronizing guardian to his brother.", "List of Infinite Ryvius characters __knowledge__ He is an average student, ranking 26th on the piloting exams (compared to Yuki and Ikumi, who ranked first and second place respectively).", "List of Infinite Ryvius characters __knowledge__ Seemingly weak and spineless, Kouji is in fact very diplomatic and good at dealing with people.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ Anna Rose \"Rosie\" Napravnik (born February 9, 1988) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey and two-time winner of the Kentucky Oaks.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ Beginning her career in 2005, she was regularly ranked among the top jockeys in North America in both earnings and total races won.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ By 2014 she had been in the top 10 by earnings three years in a row and was the highest-ranked woman jockey in North America.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ In 2011, she won the Louisiana Derby for her first time and was ninth in the 2011 Kentucky Derby with the horse Pants on Fire.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ In 2012, she broke the total wins and earnings record for a woman jockey previously held by Julie Krone, in the process becoming the first woman rider to win the Kentucky Oaks, riding Believe You Can, winning the race for a second time in 2014 on Untapable.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Consequently, specific types of horse developed, many of which have no modern equivalent.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ While an understanding of modern horse breeds and equestrianism is vital for any analysis of the medieval horse, researchers also need to consider documentary (both written and pictorial) and archaeological evidence.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages were rarely differentiated by breed, but rather by use.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Tex Perkins __knowledge__ Tex Perkins (born Gregory Stephen Perkins on 28 December 1964 in Darwin, Australia) is an Australian singer-songwriter widely known for fronting the popular Australian rock-band The Cruel Sea, but has also performed with the Beasts of Bourbon, Thug, James Baker Experience, The Butcher Shop, Salamander Jim, and Tex, Don and Charlie.", "Tex Perkins __knowledge__ He has also released many solo records.", "Tex Perkins __knowledge__ In 1997, a portrait of Tex Perkins by artist Bill Leak won the Packing Room award at the Archibald Prize.", "Tex Perkins __knowledge__ Perkins started his musical career in Brisbane cowpunk outfit Tex Deadly and the Dum-Dums, before moving to Sydney in 1982, garnering considerable attention in the Sydney independent music scene and also touring Melbourne, before the departure of guitarist Mark Halstead ended the band." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ \"Daddy Wouldn’t Buy Me a Bow Wow\" is a song written in 1892 by prolific English songwriter Joseph Tabrar.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ It was written for, and first performed in 1892 by, Vesta Victoria at the South London Palace, holding a kitten.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The same year it was recorded by Silas Leachman for the North American Phonograph Co. of Chicago (Talking Machine Company of Chicago/Chicago Talking Machine).", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ In 1895 Toulouse-Lautrec painted May Belfort singing it.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The comedian Arthur Roberts also had success in the 1890s with the song.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The song featured in the 1934 musical movie \"Evergreen\", sung by Jessie Matthews, and was also revived after World War II.", "Cucuteni–Trypillia culture __knowledge__ The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture ( and ), also known as the Tripolye culture (), is a Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture ( 5200 to 3500 BC) in Eastern Europe.", "Cucuteni–Trypillia culture __knowledge__ It extends from the Carpathian Mountains to the Dniester and Dnieper regions, centred on modern-day Moldova and covering substantial parts of western Ukraine and northeastern Romania, encompassing an area of , with a diameter of 500 km (300 mi; roughly from Kiyv in the northeast to Brașov in the southwest).", "Cucuteni–Trypillia culture __knowledge__ The majority of Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements consisted of high-density, small settlements (spaced 3 to 4 kilometres apart), concentrated mainly in the Siret, Prut and Dniester river valleys.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Cradle of civilization __knowledge__ The term \"cradle of civilization\" refers to locations where, according to current archeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.", "Cradle of civilization __knowledge__ Current thinking is that there was no single \"cradle\", but several civilizations that developed independently, with the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt) understood to be the earliest.", "Cradle of civilization __knowledge__ Other civilizations arose in Asia among cultures situated along large river valleys, such as Indo-Gangetic Plain in the Indian subcontinent and the Yellow River in China.", "Cradle of civilization __knowledge__ The extent to which there was significant influence between the early civilizations of the Near East and those of East Asia is disputed.", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean islands which flourished from about 2600 to 1100 BC.", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ It preceded the Mycenaean civilization of Ancient Greece.", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ The civilization was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans.", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ It has been described as the earliest of its kind in Europe, with historian Will Durant calling the Minoans \"the first link in the European chain\".", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ The term \"Minoan\", which refers to the mythical King Minos, originally described in the pottery of the period.", "Minoan civilization __knowledge__ Minos was associated in Greek mythology with the labyrinth and the Minotaur, which Evans identified with the site at Knossos (the largest Minoan site).", "Neolithic __knowledge__ The Neolithic () was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.", "Neolithic __knowledge__ Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age or The New Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene \"Epipaleolithic\" period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the \"Neolithic Revolution\".", "Neolithic __knowledge__ It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age).", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place that is now the country Egypt.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ It is one of six historic civilizations to arise independently.", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer).", "Ancient Egypt __knowledge__ The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ It consists of a ring of standing stones, with each standing stone around high, wide and weighing around 25 tons.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ The stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ Archaeologists believe it was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC.", "Stonehenge __knowledge__ Radiocarbon dating suggests that the first bluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ Shemot, Shemoth, or Shemos ( — Hebrew for \"names,\" the second word, and first distinctive word, of the parashah) is the thirteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the first in the Book of Exodus.", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the Israelites' affliction in Egypt, the hiding and rescuing of the infant Moses, Moses in Midian, the calling of Moses, circumcision on the way, meeting the elders, and Moses before Pharaoh.", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ It is made up of 6,762 Hebrew letters, 1,763 Hebrew words, 124 verses, and can occupy about 215 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy’s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Adium __knowledge__ Adium is a free and open source instant messaging client for macOS that supports multiple IM networks, including Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo!", "Adium __knowledge__ Messenger, Google Talk, AIM, ICQ and XMPP.", "Adium __knowledge__ It is written using macOS's Cocoa API, and it is released under the GNU General Public License and many other licenses for components that are distributed with Adium.", "Adium __knowledge__ Adium was created by college student Adam Iser, and the first version, \"Adium 1.0\", was released in September 2001 and supported only AIM.", "Adium __knowledge__ The version numbers of Adium since then have followed a somewhat unusual pattern.", "Adium __knowledge__ There were several upgrades to Adium 1.0, ending with Adium 1.6.2c.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ Gjensidige Forsikring ASA is a Norwegian insurance company.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ The company traces its roots back to 1816 when a fire mutual was founded at Land in what is today Oppland county.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ Gjensidige demutualised and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in December 2010.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ The firm, headquartered in Oslo, has a market share of some 25% (2016) in the Norwegian insurance market.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ The company has 36 branch offices in Norway, not including affiliated fire mutuals, and 1 million customers.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ Gjensidige has subsidiaries in Denmark, Sweden and The Baltics.", "Gjensidige __knowledge__ The company offers all kinds of insurance for Retail customers, agriculture and business.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear (\"Ursus arctos\") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ The device uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human.", "Crane (machine) __knowledge__ Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials, and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.", "Reindeer __knowledge__ The reindeer (\"Rangifer tarandus\"), also known as caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.", "Reindeer __knowledge__ This includes both sedentary and migratory populations.", "Reindeer __knowledge__ \"Rangifer\" herd size varies greatly in different geographic regions.", "Reindeer __knowledge__ The Taimyr herd of migrating tundra reindeer (\"R.t. sibiricus\") in Russia is the largest wild reindeer herd in the world, with numbers varying between 400,000 and 1,000,000.", "Reindeer __knowledge__ The second largest is the migratory woodland caribou (\"R.t. caribou\") George River herd in Canada, with variations between 28,000 and 385,000." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "News International phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ The News International phone-hacking scandal is a controversy involving the now defunct \"News of the World\" and other British newspapers published by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation.", "News International phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Employees of the newspaper were accused of engaging in phone hacking, police bribery, and exercising improper influence in the pursuit of stories.", "News International phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Whilst investigations conducted from 2005 to 2007 appeared to show that the paper's phone hacking activities were limited to celebrities, politicians, and members of the British Royal Family, in July 2011 it was revealed that the phones of murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler, relatives of deceased British soldiers, and victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings had also been hacked.", "News media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ By 2002, the practice of publications using private investigators to acquire confidential information was widespread in the United Kingdom, with some individuals using illegal methods.", "News media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Information was allegedly acquired by accessing private voicemail accounts, hacking into computers, making false statements to officials to obtain confidential information, entrapment, blackmail, burglaries, theft of mobile phones and making payments to officials in exchange for confidential information.", "News media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ The kind of information acquired illegally included private communication, physical location of individuals, bank account records, medical records, phone bills, tax files, and organisational strategies.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ This article provides a narrative beginning in 1999 of investigations by the Metropolitan Police Service (Met) of Greater London into the illegal acquisition of confidential information by agents of the news media that is commonly referred to as the phone hacking scandal.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ The article discusses seven phases of investigations by the Met and several investigations of the Met itself, including critiques and responses regarding the Met's performance.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Separate articles provide an overview of the scandal and a comprehensive set of reference lists with detailed background information.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ By 2002, the practice by news media organizations of using private investigators to acquire confidential information was widespread.", "News of the World phone hacking scandal investigations __knowledge__ The \"News of the World\" phone hacking scandal investigations followed the revelations in 2005 of voicemail interception on behalf of \"News of the World\".", "News of the World phone hacking scandal investigations __knowledge__ Despite wider evidence of wrongdoing, the \"News of the World\" royal phone hacking scandal appeared resolved with the 2007 conviction of the \"News of the World\" royal editor Clive Goodman and the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire, and the resignation of editor Andy Coulson.", "News of the World phone hacking scandal investigations __knowledge__ However, a series of civil legal cases and investigations by newspapers, parliament and the police ultimately saw evidence of \"industrial scale\" phone hacking, leading to the closure of the \"News of the World\" on 10 July 2011.", "ROM hacking __knowledge__ ROM hacking is the process of modifying a ROM image of a video game to alter the game's graphics, dialogue, levels, gameplay, and/or other elements.", "ROM hacking __knowledge__ This is usually done by technically inclined video game fans to breathe new life into a cherished old game, as a creative outlet, or to make essentially \"new\" unofficial games using the old game's engine.", "ROM hacking __knowledge__ ROM hacking is generally accomplished through use of a hex editor (a program for editing non-textual data) and various specialized tools such as tile editors, and game-specific tools which are generally used for editing levels, items, and the like, although more advanced tools such as assemblers and debuggers are occasionally used.", "Ian Hacking __knowledge__ Ian MacDougall Hacking (born February 18, 1936) is a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science.", "Ian Hacking __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, and been a member of many prestigious groups, including the Order of Canada, the Royal Society of Canada and the British Academy.", "Ian Hacking __knowledge__ Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, he earned undergraduate degrees from the University of British Columbia (1956) and the University of Cambridge (1958), where he was a student at Trinity College, Cambridge.", "Ian Hacking __knowledge__ Hacking also earned his PhD at Cambridge (1962), under the direction of Casimir Lewy, a former student of Ludwig Wittgenstein.", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ The United States Intelligence Community concluded with high confidence that the Russian government engaged in electoral interference during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ A January 2017 assessment by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) stated that Russian leadership favored presidential candidate Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton, and that Russian president Vladimir Putin personally ordered an \"influence campaign\" to harm Clinton's electoral chances and \"undermine public faith in the US democratic process.\"", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ On October 7, 2016, the ODNI and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) jointly stated that the U.S. Intelligence Community was confident that the Russian Government directed recent hacking of e-mails with the intention of interfering with the U.S. election process. According to the ODNI′s January 6, 2017 report, the Russian military intelligence service (GRU) had hacked the servers of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and the personal Google email account of Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta and forwarded their contents to WikiLeaks.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Consequently, specific types of horse developed, many of which have no modern equivalent.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ While an understanding of modern horse breeds and equestrianism is vital for any analysis of the medieval horse, researchers also need to consider documentary (both written and pictorial) and archaeological evidence.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages were rarely differentiated by breed, but rather by use.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship." ] ]

[ 25, 51, 6, 54 ]

[ "i lovehorse too and it seems they have been a domesticated animal since around 3000 BC ", "i would guess they were used for farming and moving heavy things since they are so strong. some of them still live in the wild as a subspecies", "Horses are also used for hunting, riding, or hacking. Some things that make it easier for people sine horses are so athletic and easy to manuver", "it is riding a horse for light excersize. it is good for people to get out and be active. this also helped horse in warfare when they started using them 5000 years ago in wars" ]

[ "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism" ]

[ "Prince (musician)", "What type of music does he do?", "Oh cool. I like all those. How old is his music?", "Wow! That's amazing. Sounds like he was very successful. Did he play any instruments?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ This article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Japanese Army from their first use after World War I, into the interwar period, during World War II, the Cold War and modern era.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ The First World War established the validity of the tank concept.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ After the war, many nations needed to have tanks, but only a few had the industrial resources to design and build them.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ During and after World War I, Britain and France were the intellectual leaders in tank design, with other countries generally following and adopting their designs.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ Japan took interest in tanks and procured some of the foreign designs, and then went to build its own.", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey is a country on the northeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroad of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus and South and Central Asia The roots of traditional music in Turkey span across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks migrated to Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences.", "Type system __knowledge__ In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.", "Type system __knowledge__ These types formalize and enforce the otherwise implicit categories the programmer uses for data structures and components (e.g.", "Type system __knowledge__ \"string\", \"array of float\", \"function returning boolean\").", "Type system __knowledge__ The main purpose of a type system is to reduce possibilities for bugs in computer programs by defining interfaces between different parts of a computer program, and then checking that the parts have been connected in a consistent way.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ The Compact Audio Cassette (CAC) or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called the cassette tape or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ It was released by Philips in 1963, having been developed in Hasselt, Belgium.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ Compact cassettes come in two forms, either already containing content as a pre-recorded cassette, or as a fully recordable \"blank\" cassette.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ Both forms are reversible by the user.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ The compact cassette technology was originally designed for dictation machines, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant the Stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional applications.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks employed by various military forces belonging to the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China within China.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ From the early half of the 20th century, tanks were initially obtained from other countries; eventually indigenously designed Chinese tanks started manufacture and became used during the Cold War and towards the modern era.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ The first tanks and armored cars in Chinese hands were whatever imports they could acquire and some armoured vehicles they fashioned ad hoc, as China had few factories and a weak industrial base to build them.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ John Lewis Nelson (June 29, 1916 – August 25, 2001), also known as his stage name Prince Rogers, was an American jazz musician and songwriter.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ He was the father of musicians Prince and Tyka Nelson and a credited co-writer on some of his son's songs.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ Nelson was born in Webster Parish, Louisiana, the son of Carrie (Jenkins) and Clarence Nelson.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ The Nelsons had four other children.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ He traveled to Minneapolis to become a musician in 1948.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ Playing the piano, he used \"Prince Rogers\" as a stage name and started a band called \"The Prince Rogers Trio\" with local musicians.", "John L. Nelson __knowledge__ In 1956, he met Mattie Della Shaw (November 11, 1933 – February 15, 2002) at a show on the north side of Minneapolis.", "Old Kentucky Chocolates __knowledge__ Old Kentucky Chocolates Old Kentucky Chocolates, LLC.", "Old Kentucky Chocolates __knowledge__ is a chocolate retail store founded by Don Hurt, owned and operated by Julia Kirkpatrick and Bill Hurt on Southland Drive in Lexington, Kentucky.", "Old Kentucky Chocolates __knowledge__ Hurt came into the candy-making business while working as a cook in the army in the late 1950's.", "Old Kentucky Chocolates __knowledge__ He eventually specialized in baking for large groups, which led to his success after he was discharged After leaving the army he purchased his first bakery \"Magee's Bakery\" in Frankfort, Kentucky.", "Old Kentucky Chocolates __knowledge__ He started making candy in the back of his shop, starting with peanut brittle, eventually buying a chocolate-making machine when a local factory went out of business.", "Kenny Rogers __knowledge__ Kenneth Ray Rogers (born August 21, 1938) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Kenny Rogers __knowledge__ He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Kenny Rogers __knowledge__ Though he has been most successful with country audiences, Rogers has charted more than 120 hit singles across various music genres, topped the country and pop album charts for more than 200 individual weeks in the United States alone, and has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Kenny Rogers __knowledge__ On September 25, 2015, Rogers announced on NBC's \"Today Show\" that he was retiring from show business after a final tour to spend more time with his wife and twin boys.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart (13 or more).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any \"Billboard\" chart.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Janet Jackson has accumulated 19 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Mariah Carey and Kristine W are tied with 17, the latter generating the most consecutive number-ones in the chart's history with her first nine singles.", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ Christopher Moon, better known as Chris Moon, is an American music producer, recording engineer and songwriter of British origin.", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ He is best known for discovering Prince, helping him create his artistic name and style, and co-writing his early songs, most notably his first single \"Soft and Wet\".", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ At the age of 13, Chris Moon moved with his family from the United Kingdom to Hawaii.", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ He arrived in Minneapolis in 1967.", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ When he was 17, he purchased a multi-channel reel-to-reel and a camera in Hong Kong in order to start a career in music and photography.", "Chris Moon __knowledge__ Moon built his first recording studio in the basement of his house in Minneapolis and did fashion photography on location.", "List of Jo Stafford compilation albums (2000–09) __knowledge__ The following is a list of compilation albums of songs recorded by U.S. singer Jo Stafford that were released between 2000 and 2009.", "List of Jo Stafford compilation albums (2000–09) __knowledge__ They include material from her solo career, and recordings she made with artists such as Gordon MacRae, as well as her foray into comedy with husband Paul Weston as New Jersey lounge act Jonathan and Darlene Edwards.", "List of Jo Stafford compilation albums (2000–09) __knowledge__ Just Reminiscin' is a 2000 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford.", "List of Jo Stafford compilation albums (2000–09) __knowledge__ The album was released on January 1, 2000, in the United Kingdom on the Dutton Laboratories/Vocalion label.", "List of Jo Stafford compilation albums (2000–09) __knowledge__ Jo & Friends is a 2000 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford and various other artists." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ \"Uma Thurman\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released digitally on January 12, 2015.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song prominently features sampled theme music from the television series \"The Munsters\" (1964–66) and lyrics celebrating the character actress Uma Thurman, famous for films such as \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Kill Bill\".", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song was the fifth digital track released in build up to the band's 2015 album, \"American Beauty/American Psycho\".", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song was released to modern rock radio as the album's third single (second in the U.S.) in early February.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ On March 31, 2015, \"Uma Thurman\" was released as the album's second U.S. Top 40 single.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Soul music __knowledge__ Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Soul music __knowledge__ It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz.", "Soul music __knowledge__ Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement.", "Soul music __knowledge__ Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa.", "Soul music __knowledge__ According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is \"music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying\".", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid-1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B).", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground.", "Funk __knowledge__ Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.", "British rhythm and blues __knowledge__ British rhythm and blues (or R&B) was a musical movement that developed in the United Kingdom between the late 1950s and the early 1960s, and reached a peak in the mid-1960s.", "British rhythm and blues __knowledge__ It overlapped with, but was distinct from, the broader British beat and more purist British blues scenes, attempting to emulate the music of African American blues and rock and roll pioneers, such as Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf, Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley.", "British rhythm and blues __knowledge__ It often placed greater emphasis on guitars and was often played with greater energy.", "British rhythm and blues __knowledge__ The origins of the movement were in the British jazz, skiffle and folk movements of the 1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album \"For You\" in 1978.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His 1979 album \"Prince\" went platinum, and his next three records—\"Dirty Mind\" (1980), \"Controversy\" (1981), and \"1999\" (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released \"Purple Rain\", the soundtrack album to his film debut.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The Chemistry Set are a cult London psychedelic band.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Composed of veterans of the late 1980s neo-psychedelic boom, the group received regular airplay on John Peel's show, were covered in the mainstream and underground music press and appeared on Tony Wilson's BBC2 television show, \"100%\".", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ The original line up consisted of Ashley Wood (rhythm guitar/vocals), Paul Lake (lead guitar/vocals), Henry Taprell (bass) and Dave McLean (drums/vocals) with Neil Pond (Harmonica and percussion) joining them both onstage and in the studio.", "The Chemistry Set (British band) __knowledge__ Wood and Lake had previously played in school bands for a number of years having met at secondary school in south east London.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Synthesizer __knowledge__ A synthesizer (often abbreviated as synth, also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones.", "Synthesizer __knowledge__ Synthesizers may either imitate traditional musical instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals; natural sounds like ocean waves, etc.", "Synthesizer __knowledge__ ; or generate novel electronic timbres.", "Synthesizer __knowledge__ They are often played with a musical keyboard, but they can be controlled via a variety of other input devices, including music sequencers, instrument controllers, fingerboards, guitar synthesizers, wind controllers, and electronic drums.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "The Seekers __knowledge__ The Seekers are an Australian folk-influenced pop quartet, originally formed in Melbourne in 1962.", "The Seekers __knowledge__ They were the first Australian pop music group to achieve major chart and sales success in the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The Seekers __knowledge__ They were popular during the 1960s with their best-known configuration as: Judith Durham on vocals, piano, and tambourine; Athol Guy on double bass and vocals; Keith Potger on twelve-string guitar, banjo, and vocals; and Bruce Woodley on guitar, mandolin, banjo, and vocals.", "The Seekers __knowledge__ The group had Top 10 hits in the 1960s with \"I'll Never Find Another You\", \"A World of Our Own\", \"Morningtown Ride\", \"Someday, One Day\" (written by Paul Simon), \"Georgy Girl\" (the title song of the film of the same name), and \"The Carnival Is Over\" by Tom Springfield, the last being an adaptation of the Russian folk song \"Stenka Razin\".", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress.", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child.", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ She rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of the R&B girl-group Destiny's Child.", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups in history.", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ Their hiatus saw Beyoncé's theatrical film debut in \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\" (2002) and the release of her debut album, \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Beyoncé __knowledge__ The album established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards, and featured the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"Crazy in Love\" and \"Baby Boy\".", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress.", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ After signing to Columbia Records, she released her debut album, \"Mariah Carey\" (1990), which spawned four number-one singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart: \"Vision of Love\", \"Love Takes Time\", \"Someday\", and \"I Don't Wanna Cry\".", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Following her marriage to Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey became the label's highest-selling act with the albums \"Music Box\" (1993), \"Merry Christmas\" (1994), and \"Daydream\" (1995).", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ These albums spawned a string of successful singles including the international number-one \"Without You\", holiday track \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", and \"One Sweet Day\", which became the longest-running U.S. number-one single in history with a total of 16 weeks.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 9 ]

[ "Prince rogers nelso in an american singer and songwriter ", "He had a wide variety of styles including funk, rock, r and b , and soul music. ", "Not much information on that but i did find another fact is that he sold over 100 million records world wide ", "Not much information but to answer your previous question i did find that his first album came out in 1979!" ]

[ "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)", "Prince (musician)" ]

[ "Surfing", "I have terrified of sharks so I will probably never try surfing even though it looks like so much fun!", "HaHa You mean you don't like the surfer shorts! lol Surfers definitely have their own culture!", "I wasn't aware there was any other way to surf than standing up! lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\" centers on Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carlotta \"Carly\" Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carly's best friends are Sam Puckett, Freddie Benson (who lives in the same apartment building), and Gibby Gibson.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird Hamilton (born March 2, 1964) is an American big-wave surfer, co-inventor of tow-in surfing, and an occasional fashion and action-sports model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ He is married to Gabrielle Reece, a professional volleyball player, television personality, and model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Hamilton and his family split their time between residences in Maui, Hawaii, and Malibu, California.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird was born Laird John Zerfas in San Francisco on March 2, 1964, in an experimental salt-water sphere at UCSF Medical Center designed to ease the mother's labor.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ His father, L. G. Zerfas, left the family before his first birthday.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ While he was an infant, Laird and his mother, Joann (née Zyirek), moved to Hawaii.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character also appears in a number of movies, television, and video game adaptations.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character was created by Jack Kirby, and first appeared in the comic book \"Fantastic Four\" #48, published in 1966.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a humanoid with metallic skin who can travel space with the aid of his surfboard-like craft.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Originally a young astronomer named Norrin Radd on the planet Zenn-La, he saved his homeworld from the planet devourer, Galactus, by serving as his herald.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus's Power Cosmic, Radd acquired vast power, a new body and a surfboard-like craft on which he could travel faster than light.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ The World Surf League (WSL) is the governing body for professional surfers and is dedicated to showcasing the world’s best talent in a variety of progressive formats.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ The World Surf League was previously known as the Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP) from 1983 to 2014.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ The organization was founded in 1976 by Fred Hemmings and Randy Rarick.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ In 2013, the ASP was acquired by ZoSea, backed by Paul Speaker, Terry Hardy, and Dirk Ziff.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ At the start of the 2015 season, the ASP changed its name to the World Surf League (WSL).", "World Surf League __knowledge__ Sophie Goldschmidt was appointed as WSL CEO on July 19, 2017.", "World Surf League __knowledge__ Paul Speaker had stepped down as CEO on January 11, 2017, and Dirk Ziff acted as the interim WSL CEO until Goldschmidt's appointment.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into or are towed onto waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as \"guns\" or towboards.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ The current world No.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ 1 big wave rider is Makua Rothman.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Signaling game __knowledge__ In game theory, a signaling game is a simple type of a dynamic Bayesian game.", "Signaling game __knowledge__ It is a game with two players, called the \"sender\" (S) and the \"receiver\" (R): The game has two steps: The two players receive payoffs dependent on the sender's type, the message chosen by the sender and the action chosen by the receiver.", "Signaling game __knowledge__ The equilibrium concept that is relevant for signaling games is Perfect Bayesian equilibrium - a refinement of both Bayesian Nash equilibrium and subgame-perfect equilibrium.", "Signaling game __knowledge__ A sender of type formula_1 sends a message formula_2 in the set of probability distributions over M. (formula_3 represents the probabilities that type formula_1 will take any of the messages in M.) The receiver observing the message m takes an action formula_5 in the space of probability distributions over A.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lawrence Plackett, known as Lol Plackett, (born 1869) was an English footballer who played for Derby County and Nottingham Forest.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ His brother Harry was also a footballer.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett joined Derby County sometime in 1886 and he was signed from local club Long Eaton Alexandra.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ He made his Football League debut at Pike's Lane, Bolton, then the home of Bolton Wanderers in September.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ Lol Plackett was selected to play outside-left.", "Lawrence Plackett __knowledge__ The match, apart from its historic context, was an extraordinary game with the home team racing into a 3-0 lead, scoring the first ever League goal and nine goals by both teams.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt." ] ]

[ 2, 53, 6, 51 ]

[ "I've never tried surfing, I'm intimidated because of the waves in the ocean.", "Yeah I'm not even sure about the culture to be honest. The fashion might not be for me.", "Yeah and stand up surfing is modern so I don't know.", "Yes and some advances over the years have been including the fins on the surfboard themselves." ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Marketing", "I don't know much about exchange relationships in relation to marketing? How does it benefit that?", "Oh, like a complaint or how a person shops? Do you know what it researches to figure that out?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ The leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership that focuses on the two-way (dyadic) relationship between leaders and followers.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ It suggests that leaders develop an exchange with each of their subordinates, and that the quality of these leader–member exchange relationships influences subordinates' responsibility, decisions, and access to resources and performance.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ Relationships are based on trust and respect and are often emotional relationships that extend beyond the scope of employment.", "Leader–member exchange theory __knowledge__ Leader–member exchange may promote positive employment experiences and augment organizational effectiveness.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ This contrasts with a barter economy or a market economy, where goods and services are primarily exchanged for value received.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Social norms and custom govern gift exchange.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Gifts are not given in an explicit exchange of goods or services for money or some other commodity.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ The nature of gift economies forms the subject of a foundational debate in anthropology.", "Gift economy __knowledge__ Anthropological research into gift economies began with Bronisław Malinowski's description of the Kula ring in the Trobriand Islands during World War I.", "Power distance __knowledge__ Power distance is the extent to which the lower ranking individuals of a society \"accept and expect that power is distributed unequally\".", "Power distance __knowledge__ It is primarily used in psychological and sociological studies on societal management of inequalities between individuals, and individual's perceptions of that management.", "Power distance __knowledge__ People in societies with a high power distance are more likely to conform to a hierarchy where \"everybody has a place and which needs no further justification\".", "Power distance __knowledge__ In societies with a low power distance, individuals tend to try to distribute power equally.", "Power distance __knowledge__ In such societies, inequalities of power among people would require additional justification.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ Trait activation theory is a personality theory of work performance based on the concept of trait activation, that is derived from an integration of trait theory, situationism, and personality-job fit theory.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ \"Trait theory\" is a psychological approach that includes studying personality traits as relatively stable individual differences that describe general predispositions or predictable common patterns of thinking and experiencing emotions that influence behavior.", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ In fact, personality traits have been associated with important life outcomes (see Personality and life outcomes).", "Trait activation theory __knowledge__ The most well-known description or categorization of personality traits is called the \"Big Five personality traits\" which includes five broad personality dimensions: conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism (or emotional stability).", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ Marketing communications (MC, marcom, marcomm) uses different marketing channels and tools in combination: Marketing communication channels focuses on any way a business communicates a message to its desired market, or the market in general.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ A marketing communication tool can be anything from: advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, promotion and public relations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4P's: Price, Promotion, Place and Product, for a business selling goods, and made up of the 7P's: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service based business.", "Societal marketing __knowledge__ The societal marketing concept is a marketing concept that holds that a company should make marketing decisions not only by considering consumers' wants, the company's requirements, but also society's long-term interests.", "Societal marketing __knowledge__ The societal marketing concept holds that the organization's task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of a target market and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the well being of both the individual consumer and society in general.", "Societal marketing __knowledge__ Therefore, marketers must endeavor to satisfy the needs and wants of their target markets in ways that preserve and enhance the well-being of consumers and society as a whole.", "Destination Marketing Association International __knowledge__ Destination Marketing Association International (DMAI) is a professional organization representing destination marketing organizations and convention and visitor bureaus worldwide.", "Destination Marketing Association International __knowledge__ As the world’s largest resource for official destination marketing organizations (DMOs), Destination Marketing Association International represents over 1,500 professionals from 658+ destination marketing organizations in more than 25 countries.", "Destination Marketing Association International __knowledge__ They provide members professionals, industry partners, students and educators with educational resources, networking opportunities and marketing benefits available worldwide." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Micrometer __knowledge__ A micrometer ( ), sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.", "Micrometer __knowledge__ Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame).", "Micrometer __knowledge__ The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the object to be measured is placed between the spindle and the anvil.", "Micrometer __knowledge__ The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the spindle and the anvil.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ Super Bowl XXXVIII – which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004 from Houston, Texas on the CBS television network in the United States – was noted for a controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a \"wardrobe malfunction\".", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was widely discussed.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.", "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy __knowledge__ The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined CBS a record US$550,000 which was fought in the Supreme Court, but that fine was appealed and ultimately voided by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in a 2011 ruling, and a case to reinstate the fine was refused in 2012.", "Bill Cosby sexual assault allegations __knowledge__ American comedian Bill Cosby has been the subject of publicized sexual assault allegations.", "Bill Cosby sexual assault allegations __knowledge__ With the earliest incidents allegedly taking place in the mid-1960s, Cosby has been accused by numerous women of rape, drug facilitated sexual assault, sexual battery, child sexual abuse, or sexual misconduct.", "Bill Cosby sexual assault allegations __knowledge__ Assault allegations against Cosby became more public after an October 2014 comedy routine by comedian Hannibal Buress alluding to Cosby's covert sexual misbehavior went viral, and many additional claims were made after that date.", "Bill Cosby sexual assault allegations __knowledge__ The dates of the alleged incidents span from 1965 to 2008 across 10 U.S. states and one Canadian province.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Human rights complaints against Maclean's magazine __knowledge__ Human rights complaints against \"Maclean's\" magazine were filed in December 2007 by Mohamed Elmasry of the Canadian Islamic Congress with the Canadian Human Rights Commission, the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal and the Ontario Human Rights Commission.", "Human rights complaints against Maclean's magazine __knowledge__ \"Maclean's\" magazine was accused of publishing eighteen Islamophobic articles between January 2005 and July 2007.", "Human rights complaints against Maclean's magazine __knowledge__ The articles in question included a column by Mark Steyn titled \"The Future Belongs to Islam\", an excerpt from a book written by Steyn.", "Human rights complaints against Maclean's magazine __knowledge__ The Ontario Human Rights Commission ruled that it did not have the jurisdiction to hear the complaint.", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ \"Keep the Customer Satisfied\" is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from the group's fifth studio album, \"Bridge over Troubled Water\" (1970).", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ It was included as the B side of their signature hit, \"Bridge Over Troubled Water\".", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ \"Keep the Customer Satisfied\" recounts the exhausting tours that Simon grew tired of, a similar theme to that of their earlier song, \"Homeward Bound\".", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ The song was covered by Gary Puckett for Puckett's solo LP, \"The Gary Puckett Album\" (1971) \"Keep the Customer Satisfied\" reached No.", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ 71 on \"Billboard\" in the winter of 1971.", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ It reached No.", "Keep the Customer Satisfied (song) __knowledge__ 50 on the \"Cash Box\" chart, and No.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Target market __knowledge__ A target market is a group of customers within a business's serviceable available market that the business has decided to aim its marketing efforts towards.", "Target market __knowledge__ Target markets consist of consumers who exhibit similar characteristics (such as age, location, income, and lifestyle) and are considered most likely to buy a business's product or service.", "Target market __knowledge__ Target markets can be broken down into two categories: primary and secondary target markets.", "Target market __knowledge__ Primary target markets are those market segments to which marketing efforts are primarily directed, while secondary markets are smaller or less vital to a product's success.", "Operations management for services __knowledge__ Operations management for services has the functional responsibility for producing the services of an organization and providing them directly to its customers.", "Operations management for services __knowledge__ It specifically deals with decisions required by operations managers for simultaneous production and consumption of an intangible product.", "Operations management for services __knowledge__ These decisions concern the process, people, information and the system that produces and delivers the service.", "Operations management for services __knowledge__ It differs from operations management in general, since the processes of service organizations differ from those of manufacturing organizations.", "Operations management for services __knowledge__ In a post-industrial economy, service firms provide most of the GDP and employment.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ In commerce, customer experience (CX) is the product of an interaction between an organization and a customer over the duration of their relationship.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ This interaction is made up of three parts: the customer journey, the brand touchpoints the customer interacts with, and the environments the customer experiences (including digital environment) during their experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ A good customer experience means that the individual's experience during all points of contact matches the individual's expectations.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Gartner asserts the importance of managing the customer's experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Customer experience implies customer involvement at different levels – such as rational, emotional, sensorial, physical, and spiritual.", "Perception management __knowledge__ Perception management is a term originated by the US military.", "Perception management __knowledge__ The US Department of Defense (DOD) gives this definition: Actions to convey and/or deny selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, and objective reasoning as well as to intelligence systems and leaders at all levels to influence official estimates, ultimately resulting in foreign behaviors and official actions favorable to the originator's objectives.", "Perception management __knowledge__ In various ways, perception management combines truth projection, operations security, cover and deception, and psychological operations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ Marketing communications (MC, marcom, marcomm) uses different marketing channels and tools in combination: Marketing communication channels focuses on any way a business communicates a message to its desired market, or the market in general.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ A marketing communication tool can be anything from: advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, promotion and public relations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4P's: Price, Promotion, Place and Product, for a business selling goods, and made up of the 7P's: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service based business." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 50 ]

[ "Marketing benefits from the study of exchange relationships", "what marketing does is that it researches how people behave to create something that will keep a customer satisfied", "well what it does is that they can target groups of very specific people, in order to try to get the reaction they want. Not a complaint but how a person shops." ]

[ "Marketing", "Marketing", "Marketing" ]

[ "Lawyer\nMy husband is a lawyer", "COntract law. I think he loves it", "Of course. Sometimes he gets out of his scope because he can", "He has been into this for so long and has won so many cases", "Of course. His firm loves him a lot. He is planning of owning his own firm" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Gerald Garson __knowledge__ Gerald Phillip \"Gerry\" Garson (August 3, 1932-February 6, 2016) was a former New York Supreme Court Justice who heard matrimonial divorce and child custody cases in Brooklyn.", "Gerald Garson __knowledge__ He was convicted in 2007 of accepting bribes to manipulate the outcomes of divorce proceedings.", "Gerald Garson __knowledge__ Garson was imprisoned from June 2007 until December 2009.", "Gerald Garson __knowledge__ In the bribery scheme, a \"fixer\" told people divorcing in Brooklyn that for a price he could steer their case to a sympathetic judge.", "Gerald Garson __knowledge__ After the fixer received a payment, he would refer the person to a lawyer contact of his, who had given Garson drinks, meals, cigars, and cash—accepting (and receiving) preferential treatment in return.", "Clair Huxtable __knowledge__ Clair Olivia Hanks Huxtable is a fictional character who appears in the American sitcom \"The Cosby Show\".", "Clair Huxtable __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Phylicia Rashad, Clair, the wife of Dr. Cliff Huxtable and mother of their five children, is the matriarch of the show's central Huxtable family.", "Clair Huxtable __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer, Clair values the importance of maintaining a successful career while running a strong household.", "Clair Huxtable __knowledge__ The character debuted alongside her family in \"The Cosby Show\"'s pilot, \"Theo's Economic Lesson\", which premiered on September 20, 1984.", "Clair Huxtable __knowledge__ Created by comedian Bill Cosby, Clair is based on Cosby's own wife, Camille.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "English contract law __knowledge__ English contract law is a body of law regulating contracts in England and Wales.", "English contract law __knowledge__ With its roots in the lex mercatoria and the activism of the judiciary during the industrial revolution, it shares a heritage with countries across the Commonwealth (such as Australia, Canada, India), and to a lesser extent the United States.", "English contract law __knowledge__ It is also experiencing gradual change because of the UK's membership of the European Union and international organisations like Unidroit.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Any agreement that is enforceable in court is a contract.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Because a contract is a voluntary obligation, in contrast to paying compensation for a tort and restitution to reverse unjust enrichment, English law places a high value on ensuring people have truly consented to the deals that bind them in court.", "European civil code __knowledge__ The European civil code (ECC) is a proposed harmonisation of private law across the European Union.", "European civil code __knowledge__ The ultimate aim of a European civil code is, like a national civil code, to deal comprehensively with the core areas of private law.", "European civil code __knowledge__ Private law typically covered in a civil code includes the family law, the law of inheritance, property law and the Law of Obligations.", "European civil code __knowledge__ The law of obligations includes the law of contracts, delicts (or torts) and restitution.", "European civil code __knowledge__ It was from work on European contract law that the push for a comprehensive European civil code arose.", "European civil code __knowledge__ The development of a European civil code has primarily focused on creating a unified law of contracts.", "Principles of European Contract Law __knowledge__ The Principles of European Contract Law is a set of model rules drawn up by leading contract law academics in Europe.", "Principles of European Contract Law __knowledge__ It attempts to elucidate basic rules of contract law and more generally the law of obligations which most legal systems of the member states of the European Union hold in common.", "Principles of European Contract Law __knowledge__ The Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) are based on the concept of a uniform European contract law system, and were created by the self-styled Commission on European Contract Law set up by Ole Lando (\"Lando Commission\").", "Principles of European Contract Law __knowledge__ The PECL take into account the requirements of the European domestic trade.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ South African contract law is ‘essentially a modernised version of the Roman-Dutch law of contract’, which is itself rooted in canon and Roman laws.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ In the broadest definition, a contract is an agreement two or more parties enter into with the serious intention of creating a legal obligation.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ Contract law provides a legal framework within which persons can transact business and exchange resources, secure in the knowledge that the law will uphold their agreements and, if necessary, enforce them.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ The law of contract underpins private enterprise in South Africa and regulates it in the interest of fair dealing.", "The Death of Contract __knowledge__ The Death of Contract is a book by American law professor Grant Gilmore, written in 1974, about the history and development of the common law of contracts.", "The Death of Contract __knowledge__ Gilmore's central thesis was that the Law of Contracts, at least as it existed in the 20th-century United States was largely artificial: it was the work of a handful of scholars and judges building a system, rather than a more organic, historically rooted development based on the evolution of case law.", "The Death of Contract __knowledge__ This book is required supplemental reading in the first year program at many U.S. law schools.", "The Death of Contract __knowledge__ A second edition was published in 1995, which was edited with a new introduction by Ronald K.L.", "Contract __knowledge__ A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal agreement.", "Contract __knowledge__ Contract is a branch of the law of obligations in jurisdictions of the civil law tradition.", "Contract __knowledge__ Contract law concerns the rights and duties that arise from agreements.", "Contract __knowledge__ A contract arises when the parties agree that there is an agreement.", "Contract __knowledge__ Formation of a contract generally requires an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound.", "Contract __knowledge__ Each party to a contract must have capacity to enter the agreement.", "Contract __knowledge__ Minors, intoxicated persons, and those under a mental affliction may have insufficient capacity to enter a contract.", "Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd __knowledge__ Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's (2001) 69 NSWLR 558 was an Australian court case decided in the New South Wales Court of Appeal on 21 June 2001, concerning a dispute between United States-based fast food chain Burger King, and its Australian franchisee Hungry Jack's.", "Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd __knowledge__ It related to the breach of a business development agreement between the two companies, and the resulting attempts of Burger King to terminate the contract.", "Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd __knowledge__ The Court of Appeal decided that Burger King could not terminate the contract, for several reasons, one of which was that it was in breach of an implied term of good faith, having taken steps to engineer the breach of the contract.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Western Church.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ The Bachelor of Laws (; LL.B.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ or B.L.)", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ is an undergraduate degree in law (or a first professional degree in law, depending on jurisdiction) originating in England and offered in Japan and most common law jurisdictionsexcept the United States and Canadaas the degree which allows a person to become a lawyer.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ It historically served this purpose in the U.S. as well, but was phased out in the mid-1960s in favor of the Juris Doctor degree, and Canada followed suit.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ Historically, in Canada, Bachelor of Laws was the name of the first degree in common law, but is also the name of the first degree in Quebec civil law awarded by a number of Quebec universities.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship __knowledge__ The Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the DDT Pro-Wrestling promotion.", "Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship __knowledge__ It is viewed as a comedic championship, having had two wrestlers, Yuko Miyamoto and Shinobu, exchange the belt 62 times with each other in one night (some of those title changes via Rock, Paper, Scissors), being won from a wrestling fan winning an auction for the belt, and a title change that occurred in a dream.", "Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship __knowledge__ Champions also include children, animals, and inanimate objects.", "Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship __knowledge__ The title is defended anywhere against anyone, even during non-title matches or tag team matches, under 24/7 rules (if there is an official DDT referee present, the title can be won and lost), and unlike other Ironman championships does not need to be defended under 'Ironman' rules.", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ David Bowie (1947–2016) was an English singer-songwriter, whose recording career spanned from 1964 until his death in 2016.", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ This list includes songs that he recorded as a group leader or a solo artist, or credited featured or guest artist that have been officially released in various formats.", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"col\"| Song !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| Writer(s) !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"col\"| Original release !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"col\"| Year !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"1917\" !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"1984\" !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"\" !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"Abdulmajid\" !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"Absolute Beginners\" !", "List of songs recorded by David Bowie __knowledge__ scope=\"row\"| \"Across the Universe\" !", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "Scope (computer science) __knowledge__ In computer programming, the scope of a name binding – an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable – is the region of a computer program where the binding is valid: where the name can be used to refer to the entity.", "Scope (computer science) __knowledge__ Such a region is referred to as a .", "Scope (computer science) __knowledge__ In other parts of the program the name may refer to a different entity (it may have a different binding), or to nothing at all (it may be unbound).", "Scope (computer science) __knowledge__ The scope of a binding is also known as the visibility of an entity, particularly in older or more technical literature – this is from the perspective of the referenced entity, not the referencing name.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ He is also a screenwriter, director, producer, playback singer and choreographer who works primarily in the Tamil film industry.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ He debuted as a child actor in the 1960 Tamil film \"Kalathur Kannamma\", which won him the President's Gold Medal.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ Since then he has acted in over 200 films in several languages including: Malayalam, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Bengali.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ After a few projects as a child artist he took a break to continue his education.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ He later concentrated on dance choreography and worked as an assistant choreographer.", "Kamal Haasan filmography __knowledge__ During this time, he made uncredited appearances in a few films which he worked on.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Lady Gaga is an American singer and songwriter who has received many awards and nominations for her contributions to the music industry.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence with the release of her debut album \"The Fame\" in 2008.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album won several awards and was nominated for six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album and its single \"Poker Face\" won Best Electronic/Dance Album and Best Dance Recording, respectively, at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album also won Best International Album at the 2010 BRIT Awards.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, titled \"The Fame Monster\", was released in 2009, and included the singles \"Bad Romance\" and \"Telephone\".", "NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship __knowledge__ The NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling title that has existed since the 1930s.", "NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship __knowledge__ Though its exact date of creation isn't known, it is among the oldest championships used in professional wrestling today.", "NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship __knowledge__ The title has used a variety of different names over the years, which consists of initial changes to represent the various companies that have controlled the title at different times.", "NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship __knowledge__ Originally, it was simply known as the Texas Heavyweight Championship until its name was changed after the formation of the National Wrestling Alliance in 1948.", "NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship __knowledge__ For most of the title's existence, at least until the early 1990s, it was defended almost exclusively within the Dallas, Ft. Worth, Houston and San Antonio areas of Texas.", "Barrister __knowledge__ A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions.", "Barrister __knowledge__ Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation.", "Barrister __knowledge__ Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions.", "Barrister __knowledge__ Often, barristers are also recognised as \"legal scholars\".", "Barrister __knowledge__ Barristers are distinguished from solicitors, who have more direct access to clients, and may do transactional-type legal work.", "Barrister __knowledge__ It is mainly barristers who are appointed as judges, and they are rarely hired by clients directly.", "Lester Brickman __knowledge__ Lester Brickman is an emeritus professor at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of the Yeshiva University and a legal scholar.", "Lester Brickman __knowledge__ He is one of the founding faculty members of the Cardozo, recruited by Yeshiva University in 1976 from the University of Toledo College of Law.", "Lester Brickman __knowledge__ On May 31, 2016, Professor Brickman received the Monrad Paulsen Award of the Cardozo School, upon his retirement from teaching.", "Lester Brickman __knowledge__ He taught contracts, legal ethics and Land Use and Zoning at the Cardozo School of Law.", "Lester Brickman __knowledge__ He is the author of a book, \"Lawyer Barons: What Their Contingency Fees Really Cost America\" (Cambridge University Press, 2011), a detailed critique of perceived abuses and excessive costs of the American tort system, with proposals for reform.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ The Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto is made up of several litigators, academics, arbitrators, and mediators from the Greater Toronto Area.", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ The group promotes arbitration as an alternative method of conflict resolution over litigation, especially in commercial suits.", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ Members include commercial litigators from Toronto law firms including some of the Seven Sisters of Bay Street.", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ Each member has experience and interest in promoting commercial Arbitration.", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ The group dedicates its time to encouraging this form of Dispute resolution through seminars, papers, and talks.", "Arbitration Roundtable of Toronto __knowledge__ Founded in summer 2004 when John Judge and William G. Horton talked about bringing several prominent ADR Chambers members together after noticing how well suited to arbitration Toronto representatives were during an ICC arbitration with counsel from Canada, France, Germany, and the United States.", "Tort reform __knowledge__ Tort reform refers to proposed changes in the civil justice system that aim to reduce the ability of victims to bring tort litigation or to reduce damages they can receive.", "Tort reform __knowledge__ Tort actions are civil common law claims first created in the English commonwealth system as a non-legislative means for compensating wrongs and harm done by one party to another person, property or other protected interests (e.g.", "Tort reform __knowledge__ physical injury or reputation, under libel and slander laws).", "Tort reform __knowledge__ Tort reform advocates focus on personal injury common law rules in particular.", "Tort reform __knowledge__ In the United States, tort reform is a contentious political issue.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ United Kingdom insolvency law regulates companies in the United Kingdom which are unable to repay their debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ While UK bankruptcy law concerns the rules for natural persons, the term insolvency is generally used for companies formed under the Companies Act 2006.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ \"Insolvency\" means being unable to pay debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ Since the Cork Report of 1982, the modern policy of UK insolvency law has been to attempt to rescue a company that is in difficulty, to minimise losses and fairly distribute the burdens between the community, employees, creditors and other stakeholders that result from enterprise failure.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ If a company cannot be saved it is \"liquidated\", so that the assets are sold off to repay creditors according to their priority.", "United States corporate law __knowledge__ United States corporate law regulates the governance, finance and power of corporations in US law.", "United States corporate law __knowledge__ Every state and territory has its own basic corporate code, while federal law creates minimum standards for trade in company shares and governance rights, found mostly in the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended by laws like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010.", "United States corporate law __knowledge__ The US Constitution was interpreted by the US Supreme Court to allow corporations to incorporate in the state of their choice, regardless of where their headquarters are.", "United States corporate law __knowledge__ Over the 20th century, most major corporations incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law, which offered lower corporate taxes, fewer shareholder rights against directors, and developed a specialized court and legal profession." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Romanesque architecture in Spain __knowledge__ Romanesque architecture in Spain is the architectural style reflective of Romanesque architecture, with peculiar influences both from architectural styles outside the Iberian peninsula via Italy and France as well as traditional architectural patterns from within the peninsula.", "Romanesque architecture in Spain __knowledge__ Romanesque architecture was developed in and propagated throughout Europe for more than two centuries, ranging approximately from the late tenth century until well into the thirteenth century.", "Romanesque architecture in Spain __knowledge__ During the eighth century, though Carolingian Renaissance extended its influence to Christian Western Europe, Christian Spain remained attached to the traditional Hispano-Roman and Gothic culture, without being influenced by European cultural movements, until the arrival of the Romanesque.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ These episodes can result in physical injuries including occasionally broken bones.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and as a rule, have no immediate underlying cause.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ People with epilepsy in some areas of the world experience varying degrees of social stigma due to their condition.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown.", "2014 Israel–Gaza conflict __knowledge__ The 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict also known as Operation Protective Edge (, \"Miv'tza Tzuk Eitan\", lit.", "2014 Israel–Gaza conflict __knowledge__ \"Operation Strong Cliff\") and sometimes referred to as the 2014 Gaza war, was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip.", "2014 Israel–Gaza conflict __knowledge__ Following the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers by Hamas members, the IDF conducted \"Operation Brother's Keeper\" to arrest militant leaders, Hamas fired rockets into Israel and a seven-week conflict broke out.", "2014 Israel–Gaza conflict __knowledge__ The Israeli strikes, the Palestinian rocket attacks and the ground fighting resulted in the death of thousands of people, the vast majority of them Gazans.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Today, around 800 million people are native speakers worldwide, mainly in Europe, Africa and the Americas, but also elsewhere.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Additionally, the major Romance languages have many non-native speakers and are in widespread use as lingua francas.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ This is especially the case for French, which is in widespread use throughout Central and West Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Maghreb.", "Emergency medical dispatcher __knowledge__ An emergency medical dispatcher is a professional telecommunicator, tasked with the gathering of information related to medical emergencies, the provision of assistance and instructions by voice, prior to the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS), and the dispatching and support of EMS resources responding to an emergency call.", "Emergency medical dispatcher __knowledge__ The term \"emergency medical dispatcher\" is also a certification level and a professional designation, certified through the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO), the National Academies of Emergency Dispatch, and PowerPhone, Inc.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests, nuns and members of religious orders, and subsequent cover-ups, in the 20th and 21st centuries have led to numerous allegations, investigations, trials and convictions.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The abused include boys and girls, some as young as 3 years old, with the majority between the ages of 11 and 14.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The accusations began to receive isolated, sporadic publicity in the late 1980s.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Many of these involved cases in which a figure was accused of abuse for decades; such allegations were frequently made by adults or older youths years after the abuse occurred.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases have also been brought against members of the Catholic hierarchy who covered up sex abuse allegations and moved abusive priests to other parishes where abuse continued.", "Civil law notary __knowledge__ Civil-law notaries, or Latin notaries, are agents of noncontentious private civil law who draft, take, and record instruments for private parties and are vested as public officers with the authentication power of the State.", "Civil law notary __knowledge__ As some notaries public, their common-law counterparts, civil-law notaries are highly trained, licensed practitioners providing a range of regulated services, and whereas they hold a public office, they nonetheless operate usually—but not always—in private practice and are paid on a fee-for-service basis.", "Civil law notary __knowledge__ They often receive the same education as attorneys at civil law but without qualifications in advocacy, procedural law, or the law of evidence, somewhat comparable to solicitor training in certain common-law countries.", "Law clerk __knowledge__ A law clerk or a judicial clerk is an individual—generally an attorney—who provides direct assistance and counsel to a judge in making legal determinations and in writing opinions by researching issues before the court.", "Law clerk __knowledge__ Judicial clerks often play significant roles in the formation of case law through their influence upon judges' decisions.", "Law clerk __knowledge__ Judicial clerks should not be confused with legal clerks (also called \"law clerks\" in Canada), court clerks, or courtroom deputies who only provide secretarial and administrative support to attorneys and/or judges.", "Law clerk __knowledge__ Judicial clerks are generally recent law school graduates who performed at or near the top of their class.", "Clerks __knowledge__ Clerks is a 1994 American independent black-and-white comedy film written, directed, and co-produced by Kevin Smith.", "Clerks __knowledge__ Starring Brian O'Halloran as Dante Hicks and Jeff Anderson as Randal Graves, it presents a day in the lives of two store clerks and their acquaintances.", "Clerks __knowledge__ \"Clerks\" is the first of Smith's View Askewniverse films, and introduces several recurring characters, notably Jay and Silent Bob, the latter played by Smith himself.", "Clerks __knowledge__ The structure of the movie contains nine scene breaks, signifying the nine rings of hell as in Dante Alighieri's \"Divine Comedy\", from which the main character, Dante, gets his name.", "Scribes: The American Society of Legal Writers __knowledge__ Scribes is an organization dedicated to encouraging legal writers and improving legal writing throughout the entire legal community: in court, in the law office, in the publishing house, and in law school.", "Scribes: The American Society of Legal Writers __knowledge__ Founded in 1953, Scribes is the oldest organization of its kind.", "Scribes: The American Society of Legal Writers __knowledge__ Scribes has almost 2,700 members, including state and federal judges, practicing lawyers, law-school deans and professors, and legal editors.", "Scribes: The American Society of Legal Writers __knowledge__ Since 2017, its executive office has been located in Chicago, Illinois at the John Marshall Law School (Chicago).", "Scribes: The American Society of Legal Writers __knowledge__ From 2015 to 2017, it was located in Lubbock, Texas at Texas Tech University, and before that, it was located in Michigan at Western Michigan University Cooley Law School.", "List of View Askewniverse characters __knowledge__ This is a list of major and recurring characters in Kevin Smith's fictional universe known as the View Askewniverse.", "List of View Askewniverse characters __knowledge__ Dante Hicks, played by Brian O'Halloran, is 22 (33 in \"Clerks II\"), works at the Quick Stop Market in Leonardo, New Jersey, and still lives with his parents.", "List of View Askewniverse characters __knowledge__ He feels that because he runs the store, he is independent and in control of his life, and yet, he is a push-over who often agrees to work when he doesn't have to (hence his catch phrase, \"I'm not even supposed to be here today!\").", "List of View Askewniverse characters __knowledge__ He frequently gets into debates ranging from philosophy to \"Star Wars\" with his best friend, fellow clerk Randal Graves, who works at the adjacent RST Video Store.", "Torah scroll (Yemenite) __knowledge__ Yemenite scrolls of the Law containing the first five books of Moses (henceforth: \"Torah\") represent one of three authoritative scribal traditions for the transmission of the Torah, the other two being the Ashkenazi and Sephardic traditions that slightly differ.", "Torah scroll (Yemenite) __knowledge__ While all three traditions purport to follow the Masoretic traditions of the renowned Masorete, Aaron ben Asher, slight differences between the three major traditions have developed over the years.", "Torah scroll (Yemenite) __knowledge__ Biblical texts proofread by Ben-Asher survive in two extant codices (the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex), although the latter is said to have been patterned after texts proofread by Ben-Asher.", "Kevin Smith __knowledge__ Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American filmmaker, actor, comic book writer, author, and podcaster.", "Kevin Smith __knowledge__ He came to prominence with the low-budget comedy film \"Clerks\" (1994), which he wrote, directed, co-produced, and acted in as the character Silent Bob of stoner duo Jay and Silent Bob.", "Kevin Smith __knowledge__ Jay and Silent Bob have appeared in Smith's follow-up films \"Mallrats\", \"Chasing Amy\", \"Dogma\", and \"Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back\" which were set primarily in his home state of New Jersey.", "Kevin Smith __knowledge__ While not strictly sequential, the films frequently featured crossover plot elements, character references, and a shared canon described by fans as the \"View Askewniverse\", named after his production company View Askew Productions, which he co-founded with Scott Mosier." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had previously been kept private.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ While offshore business entities are legal (see Offshore Magic Circle), reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ \"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ The relationship between transgender people and religion varies widely around the world.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ Religions range from condemning any gender variance to honoring transgender people as religious leaders.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ Views within a single religion can vary considerably.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ Abrahamic religions have creation stories in which God creates people, \"male and female\".", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ This is sometimes interpreted as a divine mandate against gender variance.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ The Torah contains specific prohibitions on cross-dressing and damaged genitals.", "Transgender people and religion __knowledge__ The term \"saris\", generally translated to English as \"eunuch\" or \"chamberlain\", appears 45 times in the Tanakh.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ LGBT themes in mythology occur in mythologies and religious narratives that include stories of romantic affection or sexuality between figures of the same sex or that feature divine actions that result in changes in gender.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ These myths have been interpreted as forms of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) expression, and modern conceptions of sexuality and gender have been applied to them.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ Many mythologies ascribe homosexuality and gender fluidity in humans to the action of gods or of other supernatural interventions.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ The presence of LGBT themes in Western mythologies has become the subject of intense study.", "Capability management in business __knowledge__ Capability management is the approach to the management of an organization, typically a business organization or firm, based on the \"theory of the firm\" as a collection of capabilities that may be exercised to earn revenues in the marketplace and compete with other firms in the industry.", "Capability management in business __knowledge__ \"Capability Management\" seeks to manage the stock of capabilities within the firm to ensure its position in the industry and its ongoing profitability and survival.", "Capability management in business __knowledge__ Prior to the emergence of capability management, the dominant theory explaining the existence and competitive position of firms, based on Ricardian economics, was the resource-based view of the firm (RBVF).", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The Phantom Stallion books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The main character is a girl named Samantha \"Sam\" Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called The Phantom Stallion.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Having spent two years away from her family's Las Vegas, Nevada ranch to recover from a riding accident, Sam returns home to find that things are never easy where horses are concerned.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ There are 24 books in the series with one million copies sold worldwide.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Almost every book has a new equine character as its focus and Sam and her friends battle horse thieves, cougars, earthquakes and more to keep their horses safe.", "Law firm __knowledge__ A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law.", "Law firm __knowledge__ The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.", "Law firm __knowledge__ Law firms are organized in a variety of ways, depending on the jurisdiction in which the firm practices.", "Law firm __knowledge__ Common arrangements include: In many countries, including the United States, there is a rule that only lawyers may have an ownership interest in, or be managers of, a law firm.", "Lobbying in the United States __knowledge__ Lobbying in the United States describes paid activity in which special interests hire well-connected professional advocates, often lawyers, to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress.", "Lobbying in the United States __knowledge__ It is a highly controversial phenomenon, often seen in a negative light by journalists and the American public, with some critics describing it as a legal form of bribery or extortion.", "Lobbying in the United States __knowledge__ While lobbying is subject to extensive and often complex rules which, if not followed, can lead to penalties including jail, the activity of lobbying has been interpreted by court rulings as constitutionally protected free speech and a way to petition the government for the redress of grievances, two of the freedoms protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution.", "Women in law __knowledge__ Women in law describes the role played by women in the legal profession and related occupations, which includes lawyers (also called barristers, advocates, solicitors, attorneys or legal counselors), paralegals, prosecutors (also called District Attorneys or Crown Prosecutors), judges, legal scholars (including feminist legal theorists), law professors and law school deans.", "Women in law __knowledge__ In the US, while women made up 34% of the legal profession in 2014, women are underrepresented in senior positions in all areas of the profession.", "Women in law __knowledge__ There has been an increase in women in the law field from the 1970s to 2010, but the increase has been seen in entry level jobs.", "Legal history of China __knowledge__ The origin of the current law of the People's Republic of China can be traced back to the period of the early 1930s, during the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic.", "Legal history of China __knowledge__ In 1931 the first supreme court was established.", "Legal history of China __knowledge__ Though the contemporary legal system and laws have no direct links to traditional Chinese law, their impact and influence of historical norms still exist.", "Legal history of China __knowledge__ In the period between 1980 and 1987,important progress was made in replacing the \"rule of men\" with the \"rule of law\".", "Legal history of China __knowledge__ Laws originally passed in 1979 and earlier were amended and augmented, and law institutes and university law departments that had been closed during the Cultural Revolution were opened to train lawyers and court personnel.", "Legal education in the United States __knowledge__ Legal education in the United States generally refers to a graduate degree, the completion of which makes a graduate eligible to sit for an examination for a license to practice as a Lawyer.", "Legal education in the United States __knowledge__ Around 60 percent of those who complete a law degree typically practice law, with the remainder primarily working in business (especially finance, insurance, real estate, and consulting) or government or policy roles, where their degrees also confer advantages.", "Legal education in the United States __knowledge__ (Other types of legal education, such as that of paralegals, of Limited Practice Officers (in Washington), and of the citizenry in general, and of the education of lawyers after admission to the bar (continuing legal education) are not covered in this article.)", "Paralegal __knowledge__ A paralegal is an individual, qualified by education, training or work experience, who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency, or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ However, this definition varies depending on the jurisdiction; in Ontario, Canada, paralegals are independent legal practitioners, licensed by The Law Society of Upper Canada to provide legal services to members of the public.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ Licensed paralegals in Ontario may manage their own legal firm.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ They are employed as municipal and provincial prosecutors and may be appointed as justices of the peace." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 42, 42 ]

[ "What kind of law do they practice?", "Lawyers have a pretty hard job. They have to memorize so many different laws and litigation.", "A lot of a lawyer's job can be written off to scribes and clerks as well.", "Most lawyers that are picked up by firms were the top of their class so he must be very smart.", "His best bet would be to partner up with some lawyer friends he has to practice law." ]

[ "Lawyer", "Lawyer", "Lawyer", "Lawyer", "Lawyer" ]

[ "Cosmetics\nMy wife is crazy about Cosmetics", "Yes, you are rigth.It is a huge industry worldwide.", "6000 years?? I had no idea it was that old.", "It looks like you know a lot about cosmetics.", "Your research was on the money, congrats." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The history of cosmetics spans at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society on Earth.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence of cosmetics certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Greece.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ According to one source, early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater described by the Romans.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ Crazy Horse (Lakota: in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:, literally \"His-Horse-Is-Crazy\"; 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safety and hypoallergenic properties of products for use by humans.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Due to the harm done to the animal subjects, this testing is opposed by animal rights activists and others.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetic animal testing is banned in the European Union, India, Israel, and Norway.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Using animal testing in the development of cosmetics may involve testing either a finished product or the individual ingredients of a finished product on animals, often rabbits, as well as mice, rats, and other animals.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetics can be defined as products applied to the body in various ways in order to enhance the body's appearance or to cleanse the body.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Cruelty free cosmetic is a cosmetic which has a certification ensuring that the product has not been tested on animals, it means the final product nor the ingredients that compose it must not have been tested on animals.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Moreover, manufacturers must provide an attestation affirming that they do not practice the animal experimentation.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Finally, the brand accept to be controlled at any moment by an independent organism.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Under the impulse of the public shocked by the conditions of experimentation on animals and the suffering that engenders, a collective consciousness around the world has gradually immersed and many actors of this movement have emerged in the industry to avoid use animal testing and look for new alternatives.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ Francisco Islas Rueda (born December 3, 1973) is a Mexican professional wrestler, or \"luchador\", best known by his ring name Super Crazy.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ In Mexico, Islas has worked for AAA (AAA) and made appearances for various independent promotions but is not currently associated with one specific Mexican promotion.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ As Super Crazy, Islas gained American exposure by working for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) between 1998 and 2000 and for World Wrestling Entertainment between 2005 and 2008.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ He has also toured Japan on several occasions, working for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), Pro Wrestling Zero-One (Zero-1), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Pro Wrestling Noah.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ Belts may be used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need not be parallel.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on parallel shafts).", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ Charles N. \"Charlie\" Papazian (born January 23 ca.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ 1950) is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote \"The Complete Joy of Home Brewing\" (1984).", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He is the longtime former president (1979-2016) of the Brewers Association.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ Papazian, an American of Armenian descent attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering.", "Charlie Papazian __knowledge__ He lives in the Boulder, Colorado area with his wife Sandra.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "International Federation of the Phonographic Industry __knowledge__ The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide.", "International Federation of the Phonographic Industry __knowledge__ It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland and founded in Italy in 1933.", "International Federation of the Phonographic Industry __knowledge__ It operates a Secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong and Miami.", "International Federation of the Phonographic Industry __knowledge__ Its stated mission is to promote the value of recorded music, safeguard the rights of record producers and expand the commercial uses of recorded music.", "International Federation of the Phonographic Industry __knowledge__ Its services to members include legal policy advice (lobbying), copyright enforcement, litigation and regulatory affairs, market research and communications support.", "Entertainment industry in India __knowledge__ The media and entertainment industry in India consists of many different segments under its folds such as television, print, and films.", "Entertainment industry in India __knowledge__ It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH, animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising.", "Entertainment industry in India __knowledge__ Entertainment industry in India has registered an explosive growth in last two decades making it one of the fastest growing industries in India.", "Entertainment industry in India __knowledge__ From a single state owned channel, Doordarshan in the 1990s there are more than 400 active channels in the country.", "Entertainment industry in India __knowledge__ Worldwide, 2010 saw the global economy begin to recover from a steep decline in 2009.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ The cruise ship industry is a significant and growing contributor to the United States economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Although cruise ships represent a small fraction of the entire shipping industry worldwide, public attention to their environmental impacts comes in part from the fact that cruise ships are highly visible and in part because of the industry’s desire to promote a positive image.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to “floating cities,” and the volume of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (graywater); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico (; ; , ), officially the United Mexican States (, ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.", "Mexico __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.", "Mexico __knowledge__ With an estimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin America.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ \"Pretty Much Dead Already\" is the seventh episode and mid-season finale of the second season, and 13th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 27, 2011.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ In the episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) reveals to the group that there are walkers in the Greenes' barn, dividing the group on what to do.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) sets a deadline for the group to leave, unless Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) does a difficult task.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) slowly loses his sanity after many secrets around him are revealed and Carol Peletier begins to question whether her daughter, Sophia will be found.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The history of cosmetics spans at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society on Earth.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence of cosmetics certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Greece.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ According to one source, early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater described by the Romans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Shaktimaan () is an Indian superhero from the television series of the same name produced by Mukesh Khanna and directed by Dinkar Jani.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Around 400 episodes of the series originally aired on Doordarshan, India's national television network, from 27 September 1997 (barring the introductory episode on 15 September 1997) to 27 March 2005, on Sundays at 12 noon IST.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ The telecast slot, however was shifted to 9:30 a.m. for the latter episodes.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ It has also aired on Pogo in English, Tarang in Odia and Chutti TV in Tamil, Kochu TV in Malayalam and repeated its Hindi telecast on STAR Utsav.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Mukesh Khanna plays the roles of Shaktimaan, the main protagonist and his alter ego \"Pandit Gangadhar\" Mayadhar Omkarnath Shastri (also known as Vehaan Arya in animated version), a photographer for the newspaper \"Aaj Ki Aawaz\".", "Watch Tower Society unfulfilled predictions __knowledge__ Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society publications have made a series of predictions about Christ's Second Coming and the advent of God's Kingdom, each of which has gone unfulfilled.", "Watch Tower Society unfulfilled predictions __knowledge__ Almost all the predictions for 1878, 1881, 1914, 1918 and 1925 were later reinterpreted as a confirmation of the eschatological framework of the Bible Student movement and Jehovah's Witnesses, with many of the predicted events viewed as having taken place invisibly.", "Watch Tower Society unfulfilled predictions __knowledge__ Further expectations were held for the arrival of Armageddon in 1975, but resulted in a later apology to members from the society's leadership.", "Watch Tower Society unfulfilled predictions __knowledge__ English researcher George D. Chryssides has argued that although there have been some \"unrealized expectations\", changes in Watch Tower chronology are attributable more to changed chronological schemes, rather than to failed predictions.", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ The Vampire Chronicles is a series of novels by American writer Anne Rice that revolves around the fictional character Lestat de Lioncourt, a French nobleman turned into a vampire in the 18th century.", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ Rice said in a 2008 interview that her vampires were a \"metaphor for lost souls\".", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ The homoerotic overtones of \"The Vampire Chronicles\" are also well-documented.", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ As of November 2008, \"The Vampire Chronicles\" had sold 80 million copies worldwide.", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ \"Interview with the Vampire\" (1976) was made into a 1994 film starring Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas, Christian Slater and Kirsten Dunst.", "The Vampire Chronicles __knowledge__ 1988's \"The Queen of the Damned\" was adapted into a 2002 film of the same name, starring Stuart Townsend and Aaliyah and using some material from 1985's \"The Vampire Lestat\".", "Creation–evolution controversy __knowledge__ The creation–evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. evolution debate or the origins debate) involves an ongoing, recurring cultural, political, and theological dispute about the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life.", "Creation–evolution controversy __knowledge__ Within the Christian world, creationism was once widely believed to be true, but since the mid-19th century evolution by natural selection has been established as an empirical scientific fact.", "Creation–evolution controversy __knowledge__ The debate is philosophical, not scientific: in the scientific community, evolution is accepted as fact and efforts to sustain the traditional view are almost universally regarded as pseudoscience.", "History of skiing __knowledge__ Skiing, or traveling over snow on skis, has a history of at least eight millennia.", "History of skiing __knowledge__ The earliest archaeological examples of skis were found in Russia and date to 6000 BCE.", "History of skiing __knowledge__ Although modern skiing has evolved from beginnings in Scandinavia, 10,000-year-old wall paintings suggest use of skis in the Xinjiang region of what is now China.", "History of skiing __knowledge__ Originally purely utilitarian, starting in the mid-1800s skiing became a popular recreational activity and sport, becoming practiced in snow-covered regions worldwide, and providing a market for the development of ski resorts and their related communities.", "History of skiing __knowledge__ The word ski comes from the Old Norse word \"skíð\" which means stick of wood or ski.", "Chronicles of Ancient Darkness __knowledge__ Chronicles of Ancient Darkness is a series of six historical fantasy novels by the British author Michelle Paver, her first books for children.", "Chronicles of Ancient Darkness __knowledge__ The books chronicle the adventures of Torak, an adolescent boy, and his friends Renn and Wolf.", "Chronicles of Ancient Darkness __knowledge__ The main story arc revolves around Torak and his quest to defeat the Soul Eaters, a group of power hungry mages who seek out to destroy all life in the forest.", "Chronicles of Ancient Darkness __knowledge__ Paver has called it simply \"a single story: the tale of Torak's discovery of himself and his world.\"", "Chronicles of Ancient Darkness __knowledge__ Since the 30 May 2004 release of the first book in the series, \"Wolf Brother\", the series has gained critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide.", "Architecture of Scotland __knowledge__ The architecture of Scotland includes all human building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the Neolithic era to the present day.", "Architecture of Scotland __knowledge__ The earliest surviving houses go back around 9500 years, and the first villages 6000 years: Skara Brae on the Mainland of Orkney being the earliest preserved example in Europe.", "Architecture of Scotland __knowledge__ Crannogs, roundhouses, each built on an artificial island, date from the Bronze Age and stone buildings called Atlantic roundhouses and larger earthwork hill forts from the Iron Age.", "Architecture of Scotland __knowledge__ The arrival of the Romans from about 71 AD led to the creation of forts like that at Trimontium, and a continuous fortification between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde known as the Antonine Wall, built in the second century AD.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The history of cosmetics spans at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society on Earth.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence of cosmetics certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Greece.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ According to one source, early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater described by the Romans.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ Oh Yeah is a music centre located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the Cathedral Quarter.", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ It was founded primarily to support young talented musicians and bands from Northern Ireland and its huge and growing music scene by providing help and promotion, technical equipment for rehearsing, recording, gigs and event organisation, performing space and releases of band compilations (\"Oh Yeah Sessions\").", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ The Oh Yeah music centre's genres are varying in its manifoldness of Alternative rock, Indie rock, Electronica, Post rock, Post punk, Crossover, Experimental rock and further musical stylistic ways and conceptions.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Sexy\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-seventh episode overall.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Ryan Murphy, and first aired on the Fox network on March 8, 2011.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode mainly revolves around the topics of sex and adolescent sexuality.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ In it, Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) returns to McKinley High School as a substitute teacher in a class devoted to sex education.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) begins to develop feelings for Holly, and guidance counselor and celibacy club advisor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays) is less than pleased with Holly's lessons.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ Rangitoto Island is a volcanic island in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland, New Zealand.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ The 5.5 km wide island is an iconic and widely visible landmark of Auckland with its distinctive symmetrical shield volcano cone rising 260 metres (850 ft) high over the Hauraki Gulf.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ Rangitoto is the most recent and the largest (2311 hectares) of the approximately 50 volcanoes of the Auckland volcanic field.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ It is separated from the mainland of Auckland's North Shore by the Rangitoto Channel.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ Since World War II, it has been linked by a causeway to the much older, non-volcanic Motutapu Island.", "Rangitoto Island __knowledge__ \"Rangitoto\" is Māori for 'Bloody Sky', with the name coming from the full phrase \"Ngā Rangi-i-totongia-a Tama-te-kapua\" (\"The days of the bleeding of Tama-te-kapua\").", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\" is the debut single of American industrial singer-songwriter Porcelain Black, featuring American rapper Lil Wayne.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ This song serves as the lead single from the singer's debut studio album, \"Mannequin Factory\".", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ Produced by Moroccan-Swedish producer RedOne, who had originally discovered Black, \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\" is influenced by the genre of rock, lyrically stating how the listener should be proud of who they are.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ The song was released digitally in the United States on March 29, 2011, and managed to chart at number forty-four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Songs.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The history of cosmetics spans at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society on Earth.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence of cosmetics certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Greece.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ According to one source, early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater described by the Romans.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.", "Pigment __knowledge__ This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Many materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials.", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors.", "Pigment __knowledge__ It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.", "Cosmetic packaging __knowledge__ The term cosmetic packaging is used for cosmetic containers (primary packaging) and secondary packaging of cosmetic products.", "Cosmetic packaging __knowledge__ Cosmetic products are substances intended for human cleansing, beautifying and promoting an enhanced appearance without altering the body's structure or functions.", "Cosmetic packaging __knowledge__ Cosmetic packaging is standardized by an international norm set by the International Organization for Standardization and regulated by national or regional regulations such as those issued by the EU or the FDA.", "Cosmetic packaging __knowledge__ Marketers and manufacturers of cosmetic products must be compliant to these regulations to be able to market their cosmetic products in the corresponding areas of jurisdiction.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Ceramics in Mexico date back thousands of years before the Pre-Columbian period, when ceramic arts and pottery crafts developed with the first advanced civilizations and cultures of Mesoamerica.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ With one exception, pre-Hispanic wares were not glazed, but rather burnished and painted with colored fine clay slips.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ The potter's wheel was unknown as well; pieces were shaped by molding, coiling and other methods.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ After the Spanish Invasion and Conquest, European techniques and designs were introduced, nearly wiping out the native traditions.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Indigenous traditions survive in a few pottery items such as comals, and the addition of indigenous design elements into mostly European motifs.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetology (from Greek , \"kosmētikos\", \"beautifying\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study and application of beauty treatment.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL).", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ A cosmetologist is defined as a person who gives beauty treatments to skin and hair etc.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetologists can be expanded into multiple parts including cutting and chemically treating hair, chemical hair removal without a sharp blade, fashion trends, wigs, nails and skin care, skin and hair analysis; relaxation techniques including head, neck, scalp, hand and feet basic massage and aroma therapies; plus ability to expertly apply makeup applications to cover or promote and can expand into further specialties such as reflexology; theatrical applications; cosmetics and others as listed below.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ The ISO 22715 standard provides guidelines for manufacturers in the best practices for cosmetic packaging and labelling of all cosmetic products.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ This standard applies to products that fall under the category of cosmetics that are sold or given away as free samples.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ ISO 22715 was initially published in April 2006.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ The intent of Standard ISO 22715 is to specify how cosmetic products should be packaged and labeled to maintain a certain level of standards within the cosmetic industry.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ This standard applies to cosmetic products whether the product is sold or given away.", "ISO 22715 __knowledge__ It is one of 26 published standards that are devoted to the cosmetic industry sector." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Reactions to the Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ The reactions to the Orlando nightclub shooting include the responses by political and religious leaders, media and the general public, both within the United States where the 2016 Orlando shooting took place, other nations and international organizations.", "Reactions to the Orlando nightclub shooting __knowledge__ Public reactions to the shooting at Pulse LGBT nightclub on June 12, by Omar Mateen, included the domestic U.S. debate about constitutional rights and gun control; messages of condolences to the victims, their families, and friends; organized vigils, prayers and moments of silence or thoughts; and support for the LGBT community both in the U.S. and the rest of the world.", "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song) __knowledge__ \"Wherever You Are\" is a song written by Paul Mealor and performed by the Military Wives Choir, sung by ladies from Chivenor and Plymouth under the direction of Gareth Malone.", "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song) __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of the BBC Two television series \"\".", "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song) __knowledge__ It was released on 19 December 2011 following a campaign to make it the 2011 UK Christmas number one.", "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song) __knowledge__ The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 1, claiming the Christmas number 1 – selling more than 556,000 copies in the week, more than the rest of the Top 12 combined.", "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song) __knowledge__ The song also claimed the status of the biggest first week sales since \"A Moment Like This\" by Leona Lewis sold over 571,000 copies in its first week in 2006.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ Drew Christopher Brees (;) (born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL).", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ After a prolific college football career at Purdue University, he was chosen by the San Diego Chargers with the first pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ He left college as one of the most decorated players in Purdue and Big Ten Conference history, establishing two NCAA records, 13 Big Ten Conference records, and 19 Purdue University records.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ As of 2017, he remains the Big Ten record-holder in several passing categories, including completions (1,026), attempts (1,678), and yards (11,792).", "Wladimir Klitschko __knowledge__ Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Klitschko (born 25 March 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2017.", "Wladimir Klitschko __knowledge__ He is a two-time world heavyweight champion, having held the WBA (Super), IBF and WBO titles, as well as the IBO, \"Ring\" magazine, and lineal titles.", "Wladimir Klitschko __knowledge__ A strategic and intelligent boxer, Klitschko is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight champions of all time.", "Wladimir Klitschko __knowledge__ He was known for his exceptional knockout power, using a strong jab, straight right hand and left hook, as well as excellent footwork and mobility, unusual for boxers of his size.", "Wladimir Klitschko __knowledge__ As an amateur, Klitschko represented Ukraine at the 1996 Olympics, winning a gold medal in the super-heavyweight division.", "West Berlin __knowledge__ West Berlin ( or colloquially \"West-Berlin\") was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War.", "West Berlin __knowledge__ There was no specific date on which the sectors of Berlin occupied by the Western Allies became \"West Berlin\", but 1949 is widely accepted as the year in which the name was adopted.", "West Berlin __knowledge__ West Berlin was formally controlled by the Western Allies and formed a \"de facto\" part of West Germany, even though it was entirely surrounded by the Soviet-controlled East Berlin and East Germany.", "West Berlin __knowledge__ West Berlin had great symbolic significance during the Cold War, as it was widely considered by westerners as an \"island of freedom\".", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas is the series finale for \"\".", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ It was presented as a two-hour television movie that originally aired on NBC in 1994.", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ When aired in syndication, it is commonly split into two double-length or four half-hour episodes.", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ The hit Crosby, Stills & Nash song \"Live It Up\" was featured in the opening titles instead of the regular theme song and featured shots of Las Vegas at night.", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and at The Stardust Resort & Casino in Las Vegas.", "Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas __knowledge__ The movie deals with Zack (Mark-Paul Gosselaar) and Kelly's (Tiffani Amber Thiessen) impending wedding, and all of the hijinks and pitfalls that occur on the road to and in Las Vegas.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ Edward Christopher Sheeran, (born 17 February 1991) is an English singer, songwriter, guitarist, and record producer.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ Sheeran was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, and raised in Framlingham, Suffolk.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ He attended the Academy of Contemporary Music in Guildford as an undergraduate from the age of 18 in 2009.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ In early 2011, Sheeran independently released the extended play, \"No.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ 5 Collaborations Project\".", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ After signing with Asylum Records, his debut album, \"+\" (read as \"plus\"), was released in September 2011.", "Ed Sheeran __knowledge__ It topped the UK and Australian charts, reached number five in the US, and has since been certified seven-times platinum in the UK.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ Zoe Carpenter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Zoë Lister.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen on 1 September 2006, as one of three new students at Hollyoaks Community College.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ It was announced in 2009 that Lister had quit her role in order to pursue other projects; she subsequently left the series in January 2010.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ During Zoe's time in \"Hollyoaks\" she has been portrayed as a bubbly tomboy who often makes the wrong choices in life and has had a number of failed relationships.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ In March 2017, it was reported that Lister would be reprising the role and it was later confirmed that she would return for Amy Barnes' (Ashley Slanina-Davies) funeral.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "BioShock __knowledge__ BioShock is a first-person shooter video game developed by 2K Boston (later Irrational Games) and 2K Australia, and published by 2K Games.", "BioShock __knowledge__ The game was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360 platforms in August 2007; a PlayStation 3 port by Irrational, 2K Marin, 2K Australia and Digital Extremes was released in October 2008, and an OS X port by Feral Interactive in October 2009.", "BioShock __knowledge__ A mobile version was developed by IG Fun.", "BioShock __knowledge__ The game's concept was developed by Irrational's creative lead, Ken Levine, and incorporates ideas by 20th century dystopian and utopian thinkers such as Ayn Rand, George Orwell, and Aldous Huxley, as well as historical figures such as John D. Rockefeller.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead, London.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival." ] ]

[ 1, 74, 52, 0, 0 ]

[ "You can't be too surprised, pretty much all women nowadays are into cosmetics since it is so mainstream and makes them look so much better (at least to them).", "Oh yeah, it's a massive market. Cosmetics have been around for at least 6000 years so this is nothing new.", "Yeah it's crazy to think about. It wasn't like they had cosmetic products back then, but they utilized red mineral pigments for their appearance back then. ", "What can I say, I've done my research. It's really interesting reading about how they've changed and evolved over the years.", "Thanks, I pride myself in being accurate and as interesting as I can be in the process." ]

[ "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics" ]

[ "Romance (love)", "I'm sure that's common for it to take a long time. I'm still looking too.", "I've heard of it, but have never watched an episode of Supernatural. What's it about?", "It sounds interesting! I usually like dramas, sci-fi, and comedy shows. Do you think I would like it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ This feeling is associated with, but does not necessitate, sexual attraction.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ For most people it is eros rather than agape, philia, or storge.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately or romantically.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historically, the term \"\"romance\"\" originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its \"chivalric romance\" literature.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Humans have a natural inclination to form bonds with one another through social interactions, be it through verbal communication or nonverbal gestures.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ The debate over an exact definition of romantic love may be found in literature as well as in the works of psychologists, philosophers, biochemists and other professionals and specialists.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romantic love is a relative term, but generally accepted as a definition that distinguishes moments and situations within intimate relationships to an individual as contributing to a significant relationship connection.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historians believe that the actual English word \"romance\" developed from a vernacular dialect within the French language meaning \"verse narrative\"—referring to the style of speech, writing, and artistic talents within elite classes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ This feeling is associated with, but does not necessitate, sexual attraction.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ For most people it is eros rather than agape, philia, or storge.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately or romantically.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historically, the term \"\"romance\"\" originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its \"chivalric romance\" literature.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Humans have a natural inclination to form bonds with one another through social interactions, be it through verbal communication or nonverbal gestures.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ The debate over an exact definition of romantic love may be found in literature as well as in the works of psychologists, philosophers, biochemists and other professionals and specialists.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romantic love is a relative term, but generally accepted as a definition that distinguishes moments and situations within intimate relationships to an individual as contributing to a significant relationship connection.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historians believe that the actual English word \"romance\" developed from a vernacular dialect within the French language meaning \"verse narrative\"—referring to the style of speech, writing, and artistic talents within elite classes.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ The 2010 Buffalo Bills season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League and their 51st overall.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ It was Buffalo's first season with Buddy Nix in the role of general manager and head coach Chan Gailey.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ The Bills hoped to improve on their 6–10 record from the 2009 season, and attempt to make the playoffs for the first time since 1999, the longest standing playoff drought in the NFL.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ The Bills had the 9th pick in the first round of the 2010 NFL Draft selecting C. J. Spiller, a running back from Clemson.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ This season marks the first 0–8 start since 1984, in which they finished 2-14.", "2010 Buffalo Bills season __knowledge__ They were eliminated from playoff contention in Week 12, extending their playoff drought to 11 seasons.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "2008–09 Stoke City F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2008–09 season was Stoke City's first season in the Premier League and the 53rd in the top tier of English football.", "2008–09 Stoke City F.C. season __knowledge__ After gaining promotion to the Premier League for the first time, Stoke were immediately tipped to go straight back down by the media.", "2008–09 Stoke City F.C. season __knowledge__ Dave Kitson became the first signing and he was followed by Seyi Olofinjana, Thomas Sørensen, Amdy Faye, Abdoulaye Faye and the returning Danny Higginbotham.", "2008–09 Stoke City F.C. season __knowledge__ Stoke started the campaign at Bolton Wanderers and were dealt a harsh reality check losing 3–1.", "2008–09 Stoke City F.C. season __knowledge__ Stoke's first home game in the Premier League produced an exciting 3–2 win over Aston Villa with Mamady Sidibé getting the winner in the 93rd minute.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ It is the sixth feature film based on \"Star Trek\", and a sequel to the 1966–1969 \"\" television series.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ Taking place after the events of \"\", it is the last film featuring the entire cast of .", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation, the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\" must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series, with younger actors portraying the crew of the \"Enterprise\" while attending Starfleet Academy, but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Love __knowledge__ Love encompasses a variety of different emotional and mental states, typically strongly and positively experienced, ranging from the deepest interpersonal affection to the simplest pleasure.", "Love __knowledge__ An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse differs from the love of food.", "Love __knowledge__ Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment.", "Love __knowledge__ Love can also be a virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection—\"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another\".", "Love __knowledge__ It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one's self or animals.", "Sexual desire and intimate relationships __knowledge__ Definitions of sexual desire are broad and understandings of sexual desire are subjective.", "Sexual desire and intimate relationships __knowledge__ However, the development of various ways of measuring the construct allows for extensive research to be conducted that facilitates the investigation of influences of sexual desire.", "Sexual desire and intimate relationships __knowledge__ Particular differences have been observed between the sexes in terms of understanding sexual desire both with regard to one's own sexual desires, as well as what others desire sexually.", "Sexual desire and intimate relationships __knowledge__ These beliefs and understandings all contribute to how people behave and interact with others, particularly in terms of various types of intimate relationships.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney.", "Valentine's Day __knowledge__ Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14.", "Valentine's Day __knowledge__ It originated as a Western Christian liturgical feast day honoring one or more early saints named \"Valentinus\", and is recognized as a significant cultural and commercial celebration in many regions around the world, although it is not a public holiday in any country.", "Valentine's Day __knowledge__ Several martyrdom stories associated with the various Valentines that were connected to February 14 were added to later martyrologies, including a popular hagiographical account of Saint Valentine of Rome which indicated he was imprisoned for performing weddings for soldiers who were forbidden to marry and for ministering to Christians, who were persecuted under the Roman Empire.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ This feeling is associated with, but does not necessitate, sexual attraction.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ For most people it is eros rather than agape, philia, or storge.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately or romantically.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historically, the term \"\"romance\"\" originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its \"chivalric romance\" literature.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Humans have a natural inclination to form bonds with one another through social interactions, be it through verbal communication or nonverbal gestures.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ The debate over an exact definition of romantic love may be found in literature as well as in the works of psychologists, philosophers, biochemists and other professionals and specialists.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romantic love is a relative term, but generally accepted as a definition that distinguishes moments and situations within intimate relationships to an individual as contributing to a significant relationship connection.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historians believe that the actual English word \"romance\" developed from a vernacular dialect within the French language meaning \"verse narrative\"—referring to the style of speech, writing, and artistic talents within elite classes.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on September 13, 2005, on The WB, and subsequently became part of successor The CW's lineup.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Warner Bros. Television, in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Along with Kripke, executive producers have been McG, Robert Singer, Phil Sgriccia, Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, John Shiban, Ben Edlund and Adam Glass.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined \"Power of Three\" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of the Itchy & Scratchy cartoons shown on \"The Simpsons\".", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ There are currently 107 of them in total (some unnamed).", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ Season 24 of \"The Simpsons\" has no Itchy & Scratchy cartoons.", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ Title Pun: 100-Yard DashSimpsons Episode: \"Lisa's First Word\", Year: 1984, 1992Synopsis: At the Olympic Games, a fanfare is heard and the theme for \"Chariots of Fire\" plays.", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ Scratchy participates in the 100-Yard Dash event.", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ Shortly before the starting gun is sounded, Itchy drives a spike though Scratchy's tail with a sledgehammer, pinning Scratchy to the ground.", "List of Itchy &amp; Scratchy episodes __knowledge__ Scratchy takes off skinless and wins the race.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, \"The Originals\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The focal points of the show are a love triangle – involving Elena Gilbert and vampire brothers Stefan and Damon Salvatore – and the town's supernatural history, involving Elena's friends and relatives.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ Castiel is a fictional character portrayed by Misha Collins on the CW Television Network's American television series \"Supernatural\".", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ An Angel of the Lord, he first appears in the fourth season, and is used to introduce the theme of Christian theology to the series.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ In the series, Castiel brings Dean Winchester back from Hell and frequently helps him and his brother Sam in their battles with various demons and angels along the way.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ During his travels with the Winchesters, Castiel develops friendships with both men.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ As an angel, he possesses a number of supernatural abilities, including the ability to kill demons.", "Dean Winchester __knowledge__ Dean Winchester is a fictional character and one of the two protagonists of the American drama television series \"Supernatural\".", "Dean Winchester __knowledge__ He is portrayed primarily by Jensen Ackles.", "Dean Winchester __knowledge__ Other versions of the character having been portrayed by Hunter Brochu (toddler), Ridge Canipe (child), Nicolai Lawton-Giustra (pre-teen), Brock Kelly and Dylan Everett (teen), and Chad Everett (elderly).", "Dean Winchester __knowledge__ Dean hunts demons, spirits and other supernatural creatures with the help of his younger brother Sam and occasionally with their friend and father figure Bobby Singer and, since season four, his friend the angel Castiel.", "Dean Winchester __knowledge__ Dean Winchester was created by Eric Kripke, creator and original showrunner of \"Supernatural\", when he pitched a show to the WB about two brothers who investigate the supernatural.", "Bobby Singer __knowledge__ Robert Steven \"Bobby\" Singer is a fictional character in The CW Television Network's horror-drama television series \"Supernatural\" portrayed by Jim Beaver.", "Bobby Singer __knowledge__ Named after the show's executive producer, Bobby first appears in the first season finale \"Devil's Trap.\"", "Bobby Singer __knowledge__ Although Beaver believed his role would merely be a \"one-shot deal,\" Bobby has become a recurring character on the series, and is one of the characters who has appeared in every season of the show.", "Bobby Singer __knowledge__ The character, a \"rough but warmhearted\" working-class man who hunts supernatural creatures, has evolved over time into a father figure for series protagonists Sam and Dean Winchester.", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ John Eric Winchester is a fictional character on The CW's series \"Supernatural\", and the protagonist of the comic book spin-off series \"\".", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ Developed by series creator Eric Kripke, the character is mainly portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan.", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ John is the father of Sam and Dean Winchester, the show's protagonists.", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ Seeking revenge after his wife Mary was killed by the demon Azazel, John Winchester became a hunter and raised his two sons to fight the supernatural.", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ John disappears early in \"Supernatural\", and the first season revolves primarily around Sam and Dean trying to find him.", "John Winchester (Supernatural) __knowledge__ Morgan was also filming episodes of \"Grey's Anatomy\" while the first season of \"Supernatural\" was under production, and future appearances of the character were hindered by his busy schedule.", "Jo Harvelle __knowledge__ Joanna Beth Harvelle is a fictional character on The CW Television Network's drama/horror television series \"Supernatural\" portrayed by Alona Tal.", "Jo Harvelle __knowledge__ Aspiring to be a hunter of supernatural creatures like her parents, she was introduced in the second season in order to explore a mother-daughter relationship in the hunting world.", "Jo Harvelle __knowledge__ Jo was originally intended to serve as a love interest for lead character Dean Winchester, but instead turned into a sister-like figure for him.", "Jo Harvelle __knowledge__ She was ultimately removed from the series by the end of the second season—Kripke admitted the conception of the character was flawed from the beginning—but returned in the fifth and seventh seasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ This feeling is associated with, but does not necessitate, sexual attraction.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ For most people it is eros rather than agape, philia, or storge.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately or romantically.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historically, the term \"\"romance\"\" originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its \"chivalric romance\" literature.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Humans have a natural inclination to form bonds with one another through social interactions, be it through verbal communication or nonverbal gestures.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ The debate over an exact definition of romantic love may be found in literature as well as in the works of psychologists, philosophers, biochemists and other professionals and specialists.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Romantic love is a relative term, but generally accepted as a definition that distinguishes moments and situations within intimate relationships to an individual as contributing to a significant relationship connection.", "Romance (love) __knowledge__ Historians believe that the actual English word \"romance\" developed from a vernacular dialect within the French language meaning \"verse narrative\"—referring to the style of speech, writing, and artistic talents within elite classes.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ Sci-Fi on the Rock is an annual science fiction, fantasy and horror festival held in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ It was founded by Darren Hann and Melanie Collins in mid-to-late 2006, and held its first festival in 2007.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ It began in 2007 at the Hotel Mount Pearl, moving on to be housed in the Holiday Inn in St. John's as of April 2008.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ The convention made another move in 2016 to the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland.", "Sci-Fi on the Rock __knowledge__ The festival has had a number a notable guests both from Newfoundland and beyond, including science-fiction author Kenneth Tam (\"Defense Command\", \"His Majesty's New World\"), comic-book artist Paul Tucker (\"The Underworld Railroad\", \"Google John Smith\"), actor Brian Downey (\"Lexx\", \"Millennium\"), actor Jeremy Bulloch (\"The Empire Strikes Back\", \"Octopussy\"), author William Meikle (\"The Midnight Eye\" series), horror author Matthew LeDrew (\"Black Womb\", \"Roulette\") and author Shannon Patrick Sullivan (\"The Dying Days\").", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a military science fiction adventure television series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"Stargate\" franchise.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The show, created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, is based on the 1994 science fiction film \"Stargate\" by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The television series was filmed in and around the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The series premiered on Showtime on July 27, 1997 and moved to the Sci Fi Channel on June 7, 2002; the final episode first aired on Sky1 on March 13, 2007.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ With 214 episodes over ten seasons, \"Stargate SG-1\" had surpassed \"The X-Files\" as the longest-running North American science fiction television series, until it was surpassed by the series \"Smallville\" in 2011.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1997.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ A 60-episode syndication package titled \"The Mystery Science Theater Hour\" was produced in 1995.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another season to follow in the near future.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\".", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.", "Sanctuary (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the Canadian science fiction–fantasy television series \"Sanctuary\" premiered on the Sci Fi Channel in the United States on October 3, 2008, and concluded on ITV4 in the United Kingdom on January 5, 2009, after 13 episodes.", "Sanctuary (season 1) __knowledge__ It follows the actions of a secret organization known as the Sanctuary, who track down a series of creatures known as abnormals, and then bring them to the Sanctuary for refuge.", "Sanctuary (season 1) __knowledge__ The main story arc of the season involves the Sanctuary working against the Cabal, an organization who seek to control all abnormals for their own gain.", "Sanctuary (season 1) __knowledge__ Amanda Tapping, Robin Dunne, Emilie Ullerup, and Christopher Heyerdahl are billed in the opening credits as the main cast.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant is a theme restaurant at Disney's Hollywood Studios, one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Established in May 1991, the restaurant is modeled after a 1950s drive-in theater.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Walt Disney Imagineering designed the booths to resemble convertibles of the period, and some servers act as carhops while wearing roller skates.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ While eating, guests watch a large projection screen displaying film clips from such 1950s and 1960s films as \"Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster\", \"Plan 9 from Outer Space\", and \"Attack of the 50 Foot Woman\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on September 13, 2005, on The WB, and subsequently became part of successor The CW's lineup.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Warner Bros. Television, in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Along with Kripke, executive producers have been McG, Robert Singer, Phil Sgriccia, Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, John Shiban, Ben Edlund and Adam Glass.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Elf __knowledge__ An elf (plural: \"elves\") is a type of human-shaped supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore.", "Elf __knowledge__ In medieval Germanic-speaking cultures, elves seem generally to have been thought of as beings with magical powers and supernatural beauty, ambivalent towards everyday people and capable of either helping or hindering them.", "Elf __knowledge__ However, the details of these beliefs have varied considerably over time and space, and have flourished in both pre-Christian and Christian cultures.", "Elf __knowledge__ The word \"elf\" is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant 'white being'.", "Elf __knowledge__ Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ The characters within the Warrior Nun Areala comic series are well developed.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ Through the serial nature of publication of these fictitious adventures several heroes have been developed.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ The chief among them is the Warrior Nun Areala, Sister Shannon Masters.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ Behind her are her fellow Christian soldiers, who like her have devoted their lives to the service of God and His Church.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ They are her friends and through trial and tribulation have become the family she otherwise would not have.", "List of Warrior Nun Areala characters __knowledge__ That is seen in Sister Shannon's foster sister joining the Warrior Nuns and her looking at her fellow Sisters as just that, sisters.", "Three Corpses __knowledge__ The \"sanshi\" 三尸 \"Three Corpses\" or \"sanchong\" 三蟲 \"Three Worms\" are a Daoist physiological belief that demonic creatures live inside the human body, and they seek to hasten the death of their host.", "Three Corpses __knowledge__ These three supernatural parasites allegedly enter the person at birth, and reside in the three \"dantian\" \"energy centers\", respectively located within the head, chest, and abdomen.", "Three Corpses __knowledge__ After their human host dies, they are freed from the body and become malevolent ghosts.", "Three Corpses __knowledge__ The pernicious Three Corpses/Worms work to harm their host's health and fate by initiating sicknesses, inviting other disease-causing agents into the body, and reporting their host's transgressions to the gods.", "Hollows (series) __knowledge__ The Hollows series (also called the Rachel Morgan series) is a series of thirteen mystery novels, eight short stories, two graphic novels, and one compendium resource by Kim Harrison, published by HarperCollins Publishers, in an urban fantasy alternate history universe and set primarily in the city of Cincinnati and its suburbs.", "Hollows (series) __knowledge__ The alternate history is built upon two premises: the recent open existence of magical and supernatural species, primarily witches, vampires, and werewolves, with the human population; and the historical investment of Cold War military spending in genetic engineering as opposed to the Space Race, which resulted in the accidental release of a genetically modified tomato in the 1960s that killed a significant portion of the human population." ] ]

[ 6, 49, 16, 48 ]

[ "I've had a lot of failed romantic love interests, it's a natural inclination for humans to want love though so I'll keep trying.", "I'm actually thinking of giving up and holding out for Dean Winchester from the show Supernatural. Have you ever seen it?", "It's about 2 brothers who travel the country saving people while they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings.", "I think you would, it's more fantasy horror but that's not too far from sci-fi really" ]

[ "Romance (love)", "Romance (love)", "Romance (love)", "Romance (love)" ]

[ "Ice cream\nIce cream is one of the greatest creations culinary wise since the invention of sliced bread. What is your favorite ice cream?", "That sounds simply amazing especially since cookies and cream is one of my favorites. Have you ever tried a Carvel ice cream cake?", "This is very true because in italy i think they have their own style of ice cream called gelato, Do you know of any other style of ice cream?", "I love frozen yogurt! I used to work at pinkberry when i was in highschool it was heaven on earth" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream.", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ Sliced bread is a loaf of bread that has been sliced with a machine and packaged for convenience.", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ It was first sold in 1928, advertised as \"the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped\".", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ This led to the popular phrase \"greatest thing since sliced bread\".", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ Otto Frederick Rohwedder of Davenport, Iowa, United States, invented the first loaf-at-a-time bread-slicing machine.", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ A prototype he built in 1912 was destroyed in a fire and it was not until 1928 that Rohwedder had a fully working machine ready.", "Sliced bread __knowledge__ The first commercial use of the machine was by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri, which sold their first slices on July 7, 1928.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel is an ice cream franchise owned by Focus Brands.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel is best known for their soft serve ice cream and ice cream cakes, which feature a layer of distinctive 'crunchies'.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ It also sells a variety of novelty ice cream bars and ice cream sandwiches.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel was founded and operated by Tom Carvel for its first 60 years.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ In 1929, Carvel borrowed $15 ($ today) from his future wife Agnes and used it to buy and operate an ice cream truck.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Over Memorial Day weekend of 1934, Carvel's truck had a flat tire in Hartsdale, New York.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel sold his custard at the site of the breakdown.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Within two days Carvel had sold his entire stock, much of it partly melted.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ An ice cream cake is ice cream in the shape of cake with layers of sponge cake in between.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ A popular form is a three-layer cake, with a layer of ice cream between two layers of cake.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ In a typical assembly, the cake component is baked in the normal way, cut to shape if necessary, and then frozen.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ Ice cream is shaped in a mold as appropriate, and these components are then assembled while frozen.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ Whipped cream is often used for frosting, as a compliment to the two other textures, and because many typical frostings will not adhere successfully to frozen cake.", "Ice cream cake __knowledge__ The whole cake is then kept frozen until prior to serving, when it is allowed to thaw until it can be easily sliced but not so much as to melt the ice cream.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ Ice Cream Cake is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group Red Velvet.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ It marks the first appearance of the group's fifth member, Yeri.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ An extended play that introduced both the group's \"Red\" and \"Velvet\" concept, it was released digitally on March 17, 2015, and was released physically on March 18.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ The EP was released in two versions and contains six tracks, while spawning two singles (marketed as double title-tracks), \"Automatic\" and \"Ice Cream Cake\", with the latter becoming the group's breakthrough success.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ On March 11, 2015, S.M.", "Ice Cream Cake (EP) __knowledge__ Entertainment officially introduced former SM Rookies member, Yeri, as a new member of Red Velvet through a video uploaded on their YouTube channel.", "Ice Cream Cake (Red Velvet song) __knowledge__ \"Ice Cream Cake\" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Red Velvet for their debut extended play \"Ice Cream Cake\" (2015).", "Ice Cream Cake (Red Velvet song) __knowledge__ Primarily a dance-pop track with influences from drum and bass, the song was written by lyricist Jo Yoon-kyung and Kim Dong-hyun, while production and arrangement was handled by Hayley Aitken and Trinity Music.", "Ice Cream Cake (Red Velvet song) __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Automatic\", it was released as the group's second single (marketed as the \"main\" title track) from the EP on March 15, 2015 by S.M.", "Ice Cream Cake (Red Velvet song) __knowledge__ Entertainment, along with an accompanying music video.", "Ice Cream Cake (Red Velvet song) __knowledge__ It is their second single to follow the \"Red\" concept, following the release of their debut single \"Happiness\" in 2014.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ Hartsdale is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ The population was 5,293 at the 2010 census.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ It is a suburb of New York City.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ Hartsdale is located at (41.03, −73.80).", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ Major roads include NY 100 and the Bronx River Parkway.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ For mass transit to NYC, residents can take either Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line or the Bee-Line Bus routes 1X, 3, 20, 21, and BxM4C.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ Bee-Line also provides local service on bus routes 34, 38, 39, 43, and 65.", "Hartsdale, New York __knowledge__ According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , all land.", "Reaganing __knowledge__ \"Reaganing\" is the of the fifth season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\", and the 85th overall episode of the series.", "Reaganing __knowledge__ It was written by co-executive producer Matt Hubbard and directed by Todd Holland.", "Reaganing __knowledge__ It originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on October 21, 2010.", "Reaganing __knowledge__ Guest stars in this episode include Kelsey Grammer, Seth Kirschner, and Jen Ponton.", "Reaganing __knowledge__ In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) is succeeding at all of his tasks, and as a result of having a good day, as he is on a roll, he decides to help Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) figure out her relationship status with Carol (Matt Damon).", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ Cookie dough refers to a blend of cookie ingredients which has been mixed into a malleable form which has not yet been hardened by heat.", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ The dough is often then separated and the portions baked to individual cookies, or eaten as is.", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ Cookie dough can be homemade or bought pre-made in packs (frozen logs, buckets, etc.).", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ Desserts containing cookie dough, such as ice cream, candy, and milkshakes are also frequently marketed.", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ Pre-made cookie doughs may be sold in different flavors.", "Cookie dough __knowledge__ When being made at home, the recipe can consist of common ingredients, including flour, butter, white sugar, salt, vanilla extract, and eggs.", "Chocolate chip cookie __knowledge__ A chocolate chip cookie is a drop cookie that originated in the United States and features chocolate chips (small morsels of sweetened chocolate) as its distinguishing ingredient.", "Chocolate chip cookie __knowledge__ Circa 1938, Ruth Graves Wakefield added chopped up bits from a Nestlé semi-sweet chocolate bar into a cookie.", "Chocolate chip cookie __knowledge__ The traditional recipe combines a dough composed of butter and both brown and white sugar, semi-sweet chocolate chips and vanilla.", "Chocolate chip cookie __knowledge__ Variations include recipes with other types of chocolate as well as additional ingredients such as nuts or oatmeal.", "Chocolate chip cookie __knowledge__ There are also vegan versions with ingredient substitutions such as vegan chocolate chips, vegan margarine, and so forth.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream is an ice cream flavor in which unbaked chunks of chocolate chip cookie dough are embedded in vanilla flavored ice cream.", "Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream __knowledge__ It originated at the Ben & Jerry's Burlington Scoop Shop from an anonymous suggestion on their flavor suggestion board.", "Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream __knowledge__ Because this outlet made most of its own flavors, the combination was only available there for several years.", "Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream __knowledge__ Ben and Jerry's \"primal ice cream therapist\" Peter Lind collaborated with Rhino Foods' Ted Castle to produce a variety of cookie dough that retained dough-like consistency at ice cream temperatures.", "Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream __knowledge__ Rhino was able to gear up production of the dough in 1990, and in 1991, Ben and Jerry's introduced it to the larger public in pint-sized containers.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ JUST is an American food company headquartered in San Francisco that sells plant-based foods.", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ It was founded in December 2011 by Josh Balk and CEO Joshua Tetrick.", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ With around 130 employees, the company makes mayos, dressings, cookies, cookie dough, breakfast proteins and cultured meat.", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ JUST (formerly Hampton Creek) was founded in the summer of 2011 by Josh Balk and Joshua Tetrick.", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ Balk at the time was the senior director of food policy for The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) farm animal division, and prior to that had been known for his work at Compassion Over Killing (COK).", "Hampton Creek __knowledge__ Tetrick was an American entrepreneur who had worked on social campaigns as a Fulbright Scholar." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Morelli's __knowledge__ Morelli's Gelato is a producer and retailer of ice cream.", "Morelli's __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1907 by Giuseppe Morelli.", "Morelli's __knowledge__ Initially he sold ice cream from a bicycle with his son Mario.", "Morelli's __knowledge__ As the business grew, an ice cream van was used.", "Morelli's __knowledge__ In 1932, an ice cream parlour was opened on the seafront of the seaside resort of Broadstairs.", "Morelli's __knowledge__ The company now has several branches which included a flagship concession in Harrods Food Hall and more recently, the historic Covent Garden market building and Portobello Road as well as global franchises in Dubai (Dubai Mall, JBR and Mall of Emirates), Kuwait (Avenues Mall), Bahrain Bahrain City Centre , Saudi Arabia (Mall of Dhahran), Manila, (Rockwell and Shangri-La), Kuala Lumpur (Bangsar), Tbilisi (Saburtalo), Libreville (Pont Gué Gué) and the Café de Paris, Monte Carlo.", "Gelato __knowledge__ Gelato (; plural: gelati , from the Italian word \"gelato\" meaning \"frozen\") is Italian ice cream.", "Gelato __knowledge__ Gelato is made with a base of milk, cream, and sugar, and flavored with fruit and nut purees and other flavourings.", "Gelato __knowledge__ It is generally lower in fat than other styles of ice cream.", "Gelato __knowledge__ Gelato typically contains less air and more flavoring than other kinds of frozen desserts, giving it a density and richness that distinguishes it from other ice creams.", "Gelato __knowledge__ In Italy, by law, gelato must have at least 3.5% butterfat.", "Gelato __knowledge__ In the United States, there is no legal standard of definition for gelato as there is for ice cream, which must contain at least 10% butterfat.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ Pinkberry is a franchise of frozen dessert restaurants headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ There are currently over 260 stores in 20 countries.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ The first store was opened in January 2005 by Hye Kyung (Shelly) Hwang and Young Lee.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ The tart, frozen dessert has a cult following.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ Hwang's first business venture was to open a formal English teahouse on a tiny residential street called Huntley Drive in West Hollywood, California.", "Pinkberry __knowledge__ However, after the city refused to approve an alcohol permit for Hwang and her business partner, architect Young Lee, they decided to go with their second plan, which was a frozen yogurt concept reviving the craze of the 1980s.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Frozen yogurt (also spelled frozen yoghurt; also known as frogurt or by the tradename Froyo ) is a frozen dessert made with yogurt and sometimes other dairy products.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ It is usually more tart than ice cream, as well as lower in fat (due to the use of milk instead of cream).", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ It is different from ice milk (more recently termed low-fat or light ice cream) and conventional soft serve.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Unlike yogurt, frozen yogurt is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but is regulated by some U.S. states.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Frozen yogurt may or may not contain live and active bacteria cultures.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ People have been eating plain yogurt for over four millennia, particularly in the Middle East and India.", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY (The Country's Best Yogurt) is an American chain of frozen yogurt stores.", "TCBY __knowledge__ It is one of the largest U.S. retailers of soft-serve frozen yogurt.", "TCBY __knowledge__ In 1981, Frank D. Hickingbotham opened the first TCBY in Little Rock, Arkansas.", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY began franchising the following year, and by 1984 there were over 100 stores.", "TCBY __knowledge__ Prior to 1984, the company's name was \"This Can't Be Yogurt,\" but a lawsuit from a competitor, I Can't Believe It's Yogurt!, forced TCBY to create a new name from its initials, eventually using \"The Country's Best Yogurt\".", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY began co-branding with Taco Bell, McDonald's, Subway, and Burger King in 1995.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ Red Mango FC, LLC is a frozen yogurt and smoothie brand known for its all-natural frozen yogurt, fresh fruit smoothies, yogurt parfaits, and fresh juices.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ There are now more than 200 locations in over 25 states in the United States and 100 in Mexico and Central America.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ In 2011, Red Mango was named the No.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ 1 Zagat Rated chain in America for smoothies and frozen yogurt.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ Daniel J. Kim, the company's founder, graduated from UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business in 1998, and first worked as an investment banker with Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ According to the company website, Red Mango gets its name because “the mango, distinctly delicious and high in nutrition, becomes red at its optimal stage of ripeness.” After opening their first store in California, Red Mango opened stores in Nevada, Utah, Washington, and New York.", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ Spoon Me Franchising, LLC is a frozen yogurt and smoothie company based in Salt Lake City.", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ The company attempts to distinguish itself from other frozen yogurt chains by focusing on ambiance and personal connections with customers.", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ The company maintains an eco-friendly stance, with a philosophy of, \"giving back to the community.\"", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ Spoon Me's mission statement is, \"the body we live in, the people we live with, the planet we live on.\"", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ Spoon Me uses edible spoons to reduce the amount of waste their stores produce.", "Spoon Me Frozen Yogurt __knowledge__ Spoon Me was founded in 2007, with the first store opening in Salt Lake City that same year.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ 16 Handles is an American brand of self-serve frozen yogurt restaurants headquartered in New York City.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ There are 42 stores in seven states, all on the East Coast.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ 16 Handles was founded by Solomon Choi, who serves as president and CEO.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ In July 2008, Choi opened the first 16 Handles store in the East Village in Manhattan, near the New York University dorms.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ It was the first self-serve frozen yogurt shop in New York, and the success of the self-serve format spawned hundreds of imitators on the East Coast.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ In November 2009, Choi opened a second location, at the Garden State Plaza in Paramus, New Jersey.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ Yogurtland is an American international franchise chain of frozen yogurt restaurants headquartered in Irvine, California, United States.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ Yogurtland provides self-serve soft-serve frozen yogurt with active cultures.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ Yogurtland has stores in twenty states in the United States and also several other countries.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ In 2009, it had a revenue of $42 million.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ In 2013, it had a revenue of $132 million.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ Each store costs from $385,000 to $435,200.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ The yogurt chain is popular partly due to its self-serve format, and because it is relatively inexpensive compared to other yogurt businesses such as Pinkberry.", "Yogurtland __knowledge__ Yogurtland was founded in February 2006 by Phillip Chang, who is also the chain's CEO and president.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Hershey Creamery Company, also known as Hershey's Ice Cream, is a creamery that produces Hershey's brand ice cream, sorbet, sherbet, and frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats such as smoothies and frozen slab style ice cream mixers.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Founded by Jacob Hershey and four of his brothers in 1894 (all of whom have no relation to Milton S. Hershey and the chocolate company that he founded, also in 1894), it was taken over by the Holder family in the 1920s.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ The company was one of the first to offer consumers pre-packaged ice cream pints.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ In 1998, it modernized its operations to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ Ice milk, or iced milk, is a frozen dessert with less than 10 percent milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ Ice milk is sometimes priced lower than ice cream.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ A 1994 change in United States Food and Drug Administration rules allowed ice milk to be labeled as low-fat ice cream in the United States.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ Products containing less milk fat but higher sweetener content are sold as sherbet, and products with no milk fat or dairy analogues are sold as sorbet.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ Products which use nonfat or lowfat yogurt or dairy analogues are sold as frozen yogurt.", "Ice milk __knowledge__ Ice milk mix, the primary ingredient of ice milk, is defined as the unfrozen and pasteurized combinations of milk or milk products.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours." ] ]

[ 3, 8, 9, 4 ]

[ "My favorite one is down here in Texas call the Texas two step. it is cookies and cream mixed with cookie dough ice cream. it has alot of sugar in it.", "no i haven't. I bet it is good. The word Ice cream varies depending on what country you are in.", "Frozen yogurt and sorbet are considered ice cream. :)", "I Bet! Flavorings and colors are added once the cream is made." ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]

[ "Extraterrestrial life", "What exactly does that mean though?", "Ok, then ... I guess I do! Why can't there be other life like ours?", "And have we found any? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life (or, if it is a sentient or relatively complex individual, an \"extraterrestrial\" or \"alien\"), is life that occurs outside of Earth and that probably did not originate from Earth.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ These hypothetical life forms may range from simple prokaryotes to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Since the mid-20th century, there has been an ongoing search for signs of extraterrestrial life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ This encompasses a search for current and historic extraterrestrial life, and a narrower search for extraterrestrial intelligent life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Depending on the category of search, methods range from the analysis of telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect and send communication signals.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life (or, if it is a sentient or relatively complex individual, an \"extraterrestrial\" or \"alien\"), is life that occurs outside of Earth and that probably did not originate from Earth.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ These hypothetical life forms may range from simple prokaryotes to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Since the mid-20th century, there has been an ongoing search for signs of extraterrestrial life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ This encompasses a search for current and historic extraterrestrial life, and a narrower search for extraterrestrial intelligent life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Depending on the category of search, methods range from the analysis of telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect and send communication signals.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team was founded on January 16, 1966.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the United Center, an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s, when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ The Bulls–Heat rivalry is an NBA rivalry between the Chicago Bulls and Miami Heat.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ It began once the Heat became contenders during the 1990s, a decade dominated by the Bulls.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ They were eliminated three times by Chicago, who went on to win the title each time.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry came back in the post-Michael Jordan era due to the Heat and the Bulls becoming favorites in the Eastern Conference.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ The Bulls, led by Derrick Rose, Luol Deng and Joakim Noah, battled the Heat's 'Big 3' LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh for dominance.", "Bulls–Heat rivalry __knowledge__ These contests were fierce and hard fought battles featuring many fouls and ejections.", "Panentheism __knowledge__ Panentheism (from the Ancient Greek expression πᾶν ἐν θεῷ, \"pān en theṓ\", literally \"all in God\") is the belief that the divine pervades and interpenetrates every part of the universe and also extends beyond time and space.", "Panentheism __knowledge__ The term was coined by the German philosopher Karl Krause in 1828 to distinguish the ideas of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854) about the relation of God and the universe from the supposed pantheism of Baruch Spinoza.", "Panentheism __knowledge__ Unlike pantheism, which holds that the divine and the universe are identical, panentheism maintains an ontological distinction between the divine and the non-divine and the significance of both.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ The McLaren M2B was the McLaren team's first Formula One racing car, used during the 1966 season.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ It was conceived in 1965 and preceded by the M2A development car.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ Designed by Robin Herd, the innovative but problematic Mallite material was used in its construction.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ The car was powered by Ford and Serenissima engines but both lacked power and suffered from reliability issues.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ Driven by team founder Bruce McLaren, the M2B had a short Grand Prix career, entering six races and starting only four.", "McLaren M2B __knowledge__ It scored the team's first point at the British Grand Prix and two more points at the United States Grand Prix.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized by two positive shape parameters, denoted by \"α\" and \"β\", that appear as exponents of the random variable and control the shape of the distribution.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ The beta distribution has been applied to model the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite length in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In Bayesian inference, the beta distribution is the conjugate prior probability distribution for the Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial and geometric distributions.", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ The media in Cornwall has a long and distinct history.", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ The county has a wide range of different types and quality of media.", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ Cornwall's geography, a long, narrowing peninsula, pointing into the Atlantic, made travel by land (Cornwall is only joined to Devon by a short four-mile stretch of land—the River Tamar divides the rest) slow, unreliable and poor.", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ (Crossing the Tamar was by a few ancient stone bridges and two ferries to Plymouth).", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ Selling and distribution of market goods used the sea and major rivers.", "Media in Cornwall __knowledge__ However, improved telecommunications stimulated growth in the ports of Cornwall and the exchange of goods, particularly of mining products, like copper and tin.", "Tenimyu __knowledge__ , also known as TeniPuri Musical or Tenimyu, is a series of live action stage musicals directed by Yukio Ueshima based on the manga series \"The Prince of Tennis\" created by Takeshi Konomi and serialized by Shueisha in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "Tenimyu __knowledge__ The first musical premièred in the Golden Week of 2003, and the unexpected popularity, especially among girls, and requests for merchandise of the show encouraged Marvelous Entertainment to follow through with the series.", "Tenimyu __knowledge__ Each new show covers an arc of the manga storyline, though adaptations to the original story were made to fit the format.", "Tenimyu __knowledge__ Female characters were removed, and irrelevant scenes or minor arcs were cut to move the plot forward.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The Fermi paradox or Fermi's paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The basic points of the argument, made by physicists Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) and Michael H. Hart (born 1932), are: According to this line of reasoning, the Earth should have already been visited by extraterrestrial aliens.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ In an informal conversation, Fermi noted no convincing evidence of this, leading him to ask, \"Where is everybody?\"", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ There have been many attempts to explain the Fermi paradox, primarily either suggesting that intelligent extraterrestrial life is extremely rare or proposing reasons that such civilizations have not contacted or visited Earth.", "List of Alien characters __knowledge__ \"Alien\", a science-fiction action horror franchise, tells the story of humanity's ongoing encounters with Aliens: a hostile, endoparasitoid, extraterrestrial species.", "List of Alien characters __knowledge__ Set between the 21st and 24th centuries over several generations, the film series centers around a character ensemble's struggle for survival against the Aliens and against the greedy, unscrupulous megacorporation Weyland-Yutani.", "List of Alien characters __knowledge__ The main series consists of four films, \"Alien\" (1979), \"Aliens\" (1986), \"Alien 3\" (1992) and \"Alien Resurrection\" (1997), about Ellen Ripley's fight against the Aliens.", "List of Alien characters __knowledge__ Ripley is the sole survivor of an Alien rampage on the space freighter \"Nostromo\", which leads her to a series of conflicts with the species and Weyland-Yutani.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ Scientific investigation began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s, and focused international efforts have been going on since the 1980s.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ In 2015 Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort called the Breakthrough Initiatives.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ There have been many earlier searches for extraterrestrial intelligence within the Solar System.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Douglas Vakoch (born June 16, 1961) is an American search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) researcher, psychologist, and president of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a nonprofit research and educational organization devoted to transmitting intentional signals to extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ On February 13, 2015 he engaged in a debate at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on whether humankind should send signals to other worlds in hope of reply.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Vakoch advocates ongoing transmission projects, arguing that this does not increase risks of an alien invasion as suggested by British cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact is the corpus of changes to terrestrial science, technology, religion, politics, and ecosystems resulting from contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ It is closely related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which attempts to locate intelligent life as opposed to analyzing the implications of contact with that life.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The potential changes from extraterrestrial contact could vary greatly in magnitude and type, based on the extraterrestrial civilization's level of technological advancement, degree of benevolence or malevolence, and level of mutual comprehension between itself and humanity.", "Mythology of The X-Files __knowledge__ The mythology of \"The X-Files\", sometimes referred to as its \"mytharc\" by the show's staff and fans, follows the quest of FBI Special Agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), a believer in supernatural phenomena, and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), his skeptical partner.", "Mythology of The X-Files __knowledge__ Their boss, FBI Assistant Director Walter Skinner, was also often involved.", "Mythology of The X-Files __knowledge__ Beginning with season 8, another skeptic named John Doggett, and Monica Reyes, a believer like Mulder, were also introduced.", "Mythology of The X-Files __knowledge__ The overarching story, which spans events as early as the 1940s, is built around a government conspiracy to hide the truth about alien existence and their doomsday plan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life (or, if it is a sentient or relatively complex individual, an \"extraterrestrial\" or \"alien\"), is life that occurs outside of Earth and that probably did not originate from Earth.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ These hypothetical life forms may range from simple prokaryotes to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Since the mid-20th century, there has been an ongoing search for signs of extraterrestrial life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ This encompasses a search for current and historic extraterrestrial life, and a narrower search for extraterrestrial intelligent life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Depending on the category of search, methods range from the analysis of telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect and send communication signals.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life.", "Videocon d2h __knowledge__ Videocon d2h is an Indian pay TV company, providing direct broadcast satellite service—including satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services—to commercial Videocon d2h hyderabad 7396356333 9640395262 residential customers in India.", "Videocon d2h __knowledge__ It uses H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4 AVC) with DVB S2 digital compression technology, transmitting using ST-2 satellite.", "Videocon d2h __knowledge__ Videocon d2h 9115691156 has 11.86 million subscribers as of March 2016.", "Videocon d2h __knowledge__ On 11 November 2016, the Board of Directors of Videocon d2h and Dish TV agreed to an all-stock merger of their DTH operations.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "God Fires Man __knowledge__ God Fires Man was an American rock band that formed in the summer 2006 in Brooklyn, New York.", "God Fires Man __knowledge__ The band consisted of Arthur Shepherd (vocals/guitar), Joseph Grillo (vocals/guitar), John Wilkinson (bass), and Drew Thomas (drums).", "God Fires Man __knowledge__ The members of God Fires Man had been involved in several bands before God Fires Man’s creation.", "God Fires Man __knowledge__ Arthur Shepherd (\"Arty\") had been part of Mind Over Matter, , Instruction, and Gay For Johnny Depp (using the name Marty Leopard), and he is currently a member of Primitive Weapons.", "God Fires Man __knowledge__ Joseph Grillo had been a member of Garrison, Instruction, and Gay For Johnny Depp (using the name Sid Jagger), and he is currently a member of I Hate Our Freedom.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Don Hertzfeldt (born August 1, 1976) is an American animator, writer, and independent filmmaker.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ He is a two-time Academy Award nominee who is best known for the animated films \"World of Tomorrow\", \"It's Such a Beautiful Day\", \"Rejected\", and \"World of Tomorrow Episode Two\".", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ In 2014, his work appeared on The Simpsons.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Eight of his short films have competed at the Sundance Film Festival, a festival record.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ He is also the only filmmaker to have won the Sundance Film Festival's Grand Jury Prize for Short Film twice.", "Don Hertzfeldt __knowledge__ Hertzfeldt's work has been described as \"some of the most influential animation ever created,\", \"some of the most vital and expressive animation of the millennium,\" and \"some of the most essential short films of the past 20 years.\"", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The Fermi paradox or Fermi's paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The basic points of the argument, made by physicists Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) and Michael H. Hart (born 1932), are: According to this line of reasoning, the Earth should have already been visited by extraterrestrial aliens.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ In an informal conversation, Fermi noted no convincing evidence of this, leading him to ask, \"Where is everybody?\"", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ There have been many attempts to explain the Fermi paradox, primarily either suggesting that intelligent extraterrestrial life is extremely rare or proposing reasons that such civilizations have not contacted or visited Earth.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact is the corpus of changes to terrestrial science, technology, religion, politics, and ecosystems resulting from contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ It is closely related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which attempts to locate intelligent life as opposed to analyzing the implications of contact with that life.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The potential changes from extraterrestrial contact could vary greatly in magnitude and type, based on the extraterrestrial civilization's level of technological advancement, degree of benevolence or malevolence, and level of mutual comprehension between itself and humanity.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture is a fictional interstellar utopian society in which anarchy and socialism are balanced by direct democracy.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture was created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks and features in a number of his space opera novels and works of short fiction, collectively called the Culture series.", "The Culture __knowledge__ In the series, the Culture is composed primarily of sentient beings of the pan-human variety, artificially intelligent sentient machines, and a small number of other sentient \"alien\" life forms.", "The Culture __knowledge__ Machine intelligences range from human-equivalent drones to hyper-intelligent Minds.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture's economy is maintained automatically by its non-sentient machines, with high-level work entrusted to the Minds' subroutines, which allows its humanoid and drone citizens to indulge their passions, romances, hobbies, or other activities, without servitude.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ In the fictional universe of the \"Stargate\" franchise, the people of Earth have encountered numerous extraterrestrial races on their travels through the Stargate.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ In addition to a diversity of alien life, there is also an abundance of other humans, scattered across the cosmos by advanced aliens in the distant past.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ Some of the most significant species in \"Stargate SG-1\" are the Goa'uld, the Asgard, and the Replicators.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ \"Stargate Atlantis\", set in the Pegasus galaxy, introduced the Wraith and the Asurans.", "Mythology of Stargate __knowledge__ One of the most influential species in \"Stargate\", the Ancients, have moved on to a higher plane of existence.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Douglas Vakoch (born June 16, 1961) is an American search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) researcher, psychologist, and president of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a nonprofit research and educational organization devoted to transmitting intentional signals to extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ On February 13, 2015 he engaged in a debate at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on whether humankind should send signals to other worlds in hope of reply.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Vakoch advocates ongoing transmission projects, arguing that this does not increase risks of an alien invasion as suggested by British cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ Scientific investigation began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s, and focused international efforts have been going on since the 1980s.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ In 2015 Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort called the Breakthrough Initiatives.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ There have been many earlier searches for extraterrestrial intelligence within the Solar System." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life (or, if it is a sentient or relatively complex individual, an \"extraterrestrial\" or \"alien\"), is life that occurs outside of Earth and that probably did not originate from Earth.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ These hypothetical life forms may range from simple prokaryotes to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Since the mid-20th century, there has been an ongoing search for signs of extraterrestrial life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ This encompasses a search for current and historic extraterrestrial life, and a narrower search for extraterrestrial intelligent life.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Depending on the category of search, methods range from the analysis of telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect and send communication signals.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction.", "Extraterrestrial life __knowledge__ Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ During the Australian gold rushes, significant numbers of workers (both from other areas within Australia and from overseas) relocated to areas in which gold had been discovered.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ A number of gold finds occurred in Australia prior to 1851, but only the gold found from 1851 onwards created gold rushes.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ This is mainly because, prior to 1851, the colonial government of New South Wales (Victoria did not become a separate colony until 1 July 1851) had suppressed news of gold finds which it believed would reduce the workforce and destabilise the economy.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ After the California gold rush began in 1848, which caused many people to leave Australia for California to look for gold there, the New South Wales government rethought its position, and sought approval from the Colonial Office in England to allow the exploitation of the mineral resources and also offered rewards for the finding of payable gold.", "Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country __knowledge__ In human genetics, Haplogroup G (M201) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup None of the sampling done by research studies shown here would qualify as true random sampling, and thus any percentages of haplogroup G provided country by country are only rough approximations of what would be found in the full population.", "Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country __knowledge__ In 46 samples taken in Algeria in a 2008 study, 2% were found to be G. SNP testing was not done, but this one sample was predicted G based on haplotype.", "Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country __knowledge__ When originally tested for SNPs, G was not an available test.", "Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country __knowledge__ In a 2011 study, none of 20 samples from Berber Mozabites in Algeria were G. In a 2011 study of 577 men in the Comoros Islands off the southeastern African coast, 1.8% were G2a (P15+) and 0.3% were in other unspecified G categories, but none were G1.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ In healthcare, the weekend effect is the finding of a difference in mortality rate for patients admitted to hospital for treatment at the weekend compared to those admitted on a weekday.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ The effects of the weekend on patient outcomes has been a concern since the late 1970s, and a ‘weekend effect’ is now well documented.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ Although this is a controversial area, the balance of opinion is that the weekend (and bank holidays) have a deleterious effect on patient care (and specifically increase mortality)—based on the larger studies that have been carried out.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ Variations in the outcomes for patients treated for many acute and chronic conditions have been studied.", "Demographics of atheism __knowledge__ Accurate demographics of atheism are difficult to obtain since conceptions of atheism vary across different cultures and languages from being an active concept to being unimportant or not developed.", "Demographics of atheism __knowledge__ In global studies, the number of people without a religion is usually higher than the number of people without a belief in a God and the number of people who agree with statements on lacking a belief in God is usually higher than the number of people who self-identify as \"atheists\".", "Demographics of atheism __knowledge__ According to sociologist Phil Zuckerman, broad estimates of those who have an absence of belief in a God range from 500 to 750 million people worldwide.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ China's vast and diverse landscape is home to a profound variety and abundance of wildlife.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ As of one of 17 megadiverse countries in the world, China has, according to one measure, some 7,516 species of vertebrates including 4,936 fish, 1,269 bird, 562 mammal, 403 reptile and 346 amphibian species.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ In terms of the number of species, China ranks third in the world in mammals, eighth in birds, seventh in reptiles and seventh in amphibians.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ In each category, China is the most biodiverse country outside of the tropics.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ Many species of animals are endemic to China, including the country's most famous wildlife species, the giant panda.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is a key component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ TCM theory and practice are not based upon scientific knowledge, and acupuncture is a pseudoscience.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ There is a diverse range of acupuncture theories based on different philosophies, and techniques vary depending on the country.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ The method used in TCM is likely the most widespread in the United States.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ It is most often used for pain relief, though it is also used for a wide range of other conditions.", "Acupuncture __knowledge__ Acupuncture is generally used only in combination with other forms of treatment.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact is the corpus of changes to terrestrial science, technology, religion, politics, and ecosystems resulting from contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ It is closely related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which attempts to locate intelligent life as opposed to analyzing the implications of contact with that life.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The potential changes from extraterrestrial contact could vary greatly in magnitude and type, based on the extraterrestrial civilization's level of technological advancement, degree of benevolence or malevolence, and level of mutual comprehension between itself and humanity.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Douglas Vakoch (born June 16, 1961) is an American search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) researcher, psychologist, and president of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a nonprofit research and educational organization devoted to transmitting intentional signals to extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ On February 13, 2015 he engaged in a debate at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on whether humankind should send signals to other worlds in hope of reply.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Vakoch advocates ongoing transmission projects, arguing that this does not increase risks of an alien invasion as suggested by British cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The Fermi paradox or Fermi's paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ The basic points of the argument, made by physicists Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) and Michael H. Hart (born 1932), are: According to this line of reasoning, the Earth should have already been visited by extraterrestrial aliens.", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ In an informal conversation, Fermi noted no convincing evidence of this, leading him to ask, \"Where is everybody?\"", "Fermi paradox __knowledge__ There have been many attempts to explain the Fermi paradox, primarily either suggesting that intelligent extraterrestrial life is extremely rare or proposing reasons that such civilizations have not contacted or visited Earth.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ Scientific investigation began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s, and focused international efforts have been going on since the 1980s.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ In 2015 Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort called the Breakthrough Initiatives.", "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence __knowledge__ There have been many earlier searches for extraterrestrial intelligence within the Solar System.", "Astrobiology __knowledge__ Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe: extraterrestrial life and life on Earth.", "Astrobiology __knowledge__ Astrobiology addresses the question of whether life exists beyond Earth, and how humans can detect it if it does.", "Astrobiology __knowledge__ The term exobiology is similar but more specific—it covers the search for life beyond Earth, and the effects of extraterrestrial environments on living things.", "Astrobiology __knowledge__ Astrobiology makes use of physics, chemistry, astronomy, biology, molecular biology, ecology, planetary science, geography, and geology to investigate the possibility of life on other worlds and help recognize biospheres that might be different from that on Earth.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to have habitable environments hospitable to life, or its ability to generate life endogenously.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ A planet in the habitable zone has no guarantee of actually being habitable, and habitable environments do not need to contain life.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a hypothetical process known as panspermia.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favorable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 7 ]

[ "Do you believe in extraterrestrial life which is also called alien life? It's hard for me to believe aliens life lives outside of earth and didn't originate on earth.", "Do you believe in aliens? They hypothetical beings range from simple prokaryotes to advanced civilizations that are way more advanced than we are as human beings on earth.", "It's just hard for me to imagine I guess. We have been searching since the mid 20th century for any signs of extraterrestrial life.", "Not that I am aware of! lol There have been searches with telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect sounds and signals from outerspace." ]

[ "Extraterrestrial life", "Extraterrestrial life", "Extraterrestrial life", "Extraterrestrial life" ]

[ "McDonald's\nMcDonald's has some solid fast food", "yea they are great", "wow thats older than i thought", "seems like everything forms in cali" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Criticism of fast food includes claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Fast food chains have come under fire from consumer groups, such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a longtime fast food critic over issues such as caloric content, trans fats and portion sizes.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Social scientists have highlighted how the prominence of fast food narratives in popular urban legends suggests that modern consumers have an ambivalent relationship (characterized by guilt) with fast food, particularly in relation to children.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ Western-style fast food in China is a recent phenomenon, dating back only to January 1984 when McDonald's opened its first outlet in Taipei, Taiwan Province in the Republic of China.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In October 1987, Kentucky Fried Chicken, still the most popular fast food chain in China, established its first restaurant in the People's Republic of China (mainland area), located in Beijing.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ KFC was later followed by McDonald's, which remains China's number two foreign fast food option.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In addition to American style fast food, China has many local options, including a slew of restaurants that attempt to imitate fast food, particularly KFC.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River, an inland perennial river of the Goulburn Broken catchment, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the lower South Eastern Highlands bioregion and Northern Country/North Central regions of the Australian state of Victoria.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River rises in the Toolangi State Forest north-east of and northwest of Mount Tanglefoot, part of the Great Dividing Range.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river generally flows in a northerly direction, generally aligned with the Melba Highway which crosses the river in its lower reaches.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river is joined by six tributaries including the Murrindindi River, flows east and north of the town of before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River, near Ghin Ghin Bridge.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ McDonald's has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases in the course of the fast food chain's 70-year history.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ Many of these have involved trademark issues, but McDonald's has also launched a defamation suit which has been described as \"the biggest corporate PR disaster in history\".", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ On 30 August 2013, McDonald's published a public notice in select newspapers, declaring that McDonald's India partner Vikram Bakshi had ceased to be the managing director of Connaught Plaza Restaurants (CPRL) pursuant to the expiration of his term on July 17, 2013.", "McDonald's legal cases __knowledge__ CPRL, a joint venture between McDonald's and Vikram Bakshi, is responsible for managing the over 150 McDonald's outlets in North and East regions of India.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ \"You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home\" is a country pop song written for the 2009 film \"\".", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ The song is performed by Hannah Montana, a character Miley Cyrus portrays in the film.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ A karaoke version of the song is available in .", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ The song is musically country pop and pop rock.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ Lyrically, the track is about staying grounded and going back to one's roots.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ The song received critical success for its use in the film.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ \"You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home\" was met with average-to-low commercial outcomes for Cyrus in several countries, compared to those of her previous efforts as Montana.", "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home __knowledge__ It reached its highest international peak in the Canadian Hot 100, at number thirty-six.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Vichy France () is the common name of the French State (\"État français\") headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ It represented the unoccupied \"Free Zone\" (\"zone libre\") in the southern part of metropolitan France and theoretically, the French colonial empire.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ From 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of France as a whole, Germany militarily occupied northern France.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Thus, while Paris remained the \"de jure\" capital of France, the \"de facto\" capital of southern, \"unoccupied\" France was the town of Vichy, to the south.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, southern France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the leader of Free France (1940–1944) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946).", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Buddy Williams (5 September 1918 – 12 December 1986), born as Harry Taylor and also known as Harold Williams, was a pioneering Australian country musician, singer and songwriter, known as \"The Yodelling Jackaroo\".", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams was the first Australian to record country music in Australia, three years after the New Zealander Tex Morton made his first recording in Australia.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams recorded his own songs about life and times in the Australian bush.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ It was with Williams that the Bush Ballad was first born.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams' recording of \"Give A Little Credit To Dad\", complete with trademark yodel, was added to the Sounds of Australia project by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The French Resistance () was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The men and women of the Resistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.", "No Way Back (1976 film) __knowledge__ No Way Back is a 1976 blaxploitation film written and directed by Fred Williamson, who also stars as Jesse Crowder, a private detective who once used to belong to a police force but that now finds himself taking odd jobs for a little extra money.", "No Way Back (1976 film) __knowledge__ Catchphrases include “ Never trust a woman with her clothes off!” and “You pay the bill.", "No Way Back (1976 film) __knowledge__ I’ll deliver it, legal, illegal, moral or otherwise!” Jesse Crowder (Fred Williamson) plays by his own rules and will do anything he can within his power to complete his mission, all that he needs to ensure that he does this is some cold hard cash.", "No Way Back (1976 film) __knowledge__ Besides a thirst for money Crowder also has a thirst for women." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Cali __knowledge__ Santiago de Cali (), usually known by its short name \"Cali\", is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,319,655 residents according to 2005-2020/DANE population projections.", "Cali __knowledge__ The city spans with of urban area, making Cali the third-largest city proper and metropolitan area in population and the second-largest city by area in the country.", "Cali __knowledge__ As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast, Cali is the main urban and economic centre in southwest Colombia, and has one of the fastest-growing economies in the country.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ Sociedad Anónima Deportiva América S. A., best known as América de Cali, is a Colombian football team based in Cali and playing in the Categoría Primera A.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ They play their home games at the Olímpico Pascual Guerrero stadium.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ The club is regarded by FIFA and IFFHS as the best football team of Colombia and the ninth best of South America in the 20th century.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ Since its beginnings the color associated with the club has been scarlet, which in turn is associated to courage, force, passion, heat, joy and with sacrifice.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ América de Cali has successed at both domestic and international level.", "América de Cali __knowledge__ With thirteen national championships, they are the third most successful team in Colombia.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Cali Cartel __knowledge__ The Cali Cartel was based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca Department.", "Cali Cartel __knowledge__ Its founders were the Rodríguez Orejuela brothers, Gilberto and Miguel, and José Santacruz Londoño, also known as \"Chepe\".", "Cali Cartel __knowledge__ They broke away from Pablo Escobar and his Medellin associates in the late 1980s when Hélmer Herrera, also known as \"Pacho\", joined what became a four-man executive board that ran the cartel.", "Cali Cartel __knowledge__ With connections to British and Israeli mercenaries, allies among countries, countless spies and informants in the government, and its vast intelligence and surveillance network throughout the city of Santiago de Cali, the cartel was once renowned and compared to the Soviet KGB by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), which called it, \"One of the most powerful crime syndicates in history\", later dubbed \"The Cali KGB\".", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ I Love Money 2 or I Love Money (season 2) is the second season of the VH1 reality television series \"I Love Money\", created by Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The 19 contestants for the second season were drawn from \"I Love New York\", \"Flavor of Love\", \"Rock of Love\", and \"Real Chance of Love\" to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ Production began in late October 2008 & wrapped November 2008, and the show premiered on February 2, 2009 with Craig J. Jackson returning to host.", "I Love Money (season 2) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Angela Pitts, also known as Myammee.", "Deportivo Cali __knowledge__ Asociación Deportivo Cali, best known as Deportivo Cali, is a Colombian sports club based in Cali, most notable for its football team, which currently competes in the Categoría Primera A. Deportivo Cali is one of the most successful football teams in Colombia, having won nine domestic league championships, one Copa Colombia and one Superliga Colombiana, for a total of eleven titles.", "Deportivo Cali __knowledge__ Their stadium, Estadio Deportivo Cali, with an original capacity for 61,890, is the largest football stadium in Colombia and was officially inaugurated on 19 November 2008.", "Deportivo Cali __knowledge__ In 2010 its capacity was reduced to 55,000 people due to renovations.", "Frank Cali __knowledge__ Francesco Paolo Augusto Calì (born March 26, 1965), known as \"Frank\" or \"Franky Boy\", is a former Acting-Boss of the Gambino crime family.", "Frank Cali __knowledge__ Law enforcement considers Cali to be the Gambino \"ambassador to Sicilian mobsters\" and have linked him to the Inzerillo Mafia family from Palermo. \"", "Frank Cali __knowledge__ He is now seen running the Sicilian Faction due to his Uncle John Gambino's recent death.", "Frank Cali __knowledge__ Cali is seen as a man of influence and power by organized crime members in Italy\", according to Assistant U.S. Attorney Joseph Lipton.", "Frank Cali __knowledge__ Frank Cali was born in New York City to Augusto and Agata Cesare, both natives of Palermo, Sicily.", "San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area (sometimes called the \"Inland Empire\").", "San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States.", "San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ As one of the Inland Empire's anchor cities, San Bernardino spans on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 census.", "San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 100th-largest city in the United States.", "San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino is home to numerous diplomatic missions for the Inland Empire, being one of four cities in California with numerous consulates (the other three being Los Angeles, San Diego, and the greater metropolitan San Francisco Bay Area including San Jose and San Francisco).", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino, California, was named in 1810.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino's earliest known inhabitants were Serrano Indians (Spanish for \"people of the mountains\") who spent their winters in the valley, and their summers in the cooler mountains.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ They were known as the \"Yuhaviatam\" or People of the Pines.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ They have lived in the valley since approximately 1000 B.C.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ They lived in small brush covered structures.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ At the time the Spanish first visited the valley, approximately 1500 Serranos inhabited the area.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ They lived in villages of ten to thirty structures that the Spanish named rancherías.", "History of San Bernardino, California __knowledge__ The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Wa'aach in their language.", "Inland Empire __knowledge__ The Inland Empire (I.E.)", "Inland Empire __knowledge__ is a metropolitan area and region in Southern California.", "Inland Empire __knowledge__ The term may be used to refer to the cities of western Riverside County and southwestern San Bernardino County.", "Inland Empire __knowledge__ A broader definition will include eastern Los Angeles County cities in the Pomona Valley, and sometimes the desert communities of Palm Springs and the rest of the Coachella Valley; a much larger definition includes all of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.", "Inland Empire __knowledge__ The U.S. Census Bureau-defined Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area, which comprises Riverside County and San Bernardino County, California, covers more than 27,000 square miles (70,000 km) and has a population of approximately 4 million.", "California State University, San Bernardino __knowledge__ California State University, San Bernardino, (also known as Cal State San Bernardino or CSUSB), is a public university and one of the 23 general campuses of the California State University system.", "California State University, San Bernardino __knowledge__ The main campus sits on in the University District of San Bernardino, California, United States, with a branch campus of in Palm Desert, California, opened in 1986.", "California State University, San Bernardino __knowledge__ In 2013, California State University, San Bernardino was named a 2014 Best College in the Western Region by The Princeton Review for the tenth consecutive year, ranking CSUSB among the top 25 percent of universities across the nation.", "California State University, San Bernardino __knowledge__ Back in 2011, California State University, San Bernardino’s Jack H. Brown College of Business and Public Administration was recognized by \"European CEO Magazine\" as one of the top 20 schools of business in the world and one of the world's 18 most innovative business schools.", "San Bernardino County, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino County, officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California.", "San Bernardino County, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,035,210, making it the fifth-most populous county in California, and the 12th-most populous in the United States.", "San Bernardino County, California __knowledge__ The county seat is San Bernardino.", "San Bernardino County, California __knowledge__ San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Inland Empire, as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area.", "San Bernardino County, California __knowledge__ With an area of 20,105 square miles, San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area, although some of Alaska's boroughs and census areas are larger.", "San Bernardino Mountains __knowledge__ The San Bernardino Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in Southern California in the United States.", "San Bernardino Mountains __knowledge__ Situated north and northeast of San Bernardino and spanning two California counties, the range tops out at at San Gorgonio Mountain – the tallest peak in all of Southern California.", "San Bernardino Mountains __knowledge__ The San Bernardinos form a significant region of wilderness and are popular for hiking and skiing.", "San Bernardino Mountains __knowledge__ The mountains were formed about eleven million years ago by tectonic activity along the San Andreas Fault, and are still actively rising.", "San Bernardino Mountains __knowledge__ Many local rivers originate in the range, which receives significantly more precipitation than the surrounding desert.", "2015 San Bernardino attack __knowledge__ On December 2, 2015, 14 people were killed and 22 others were seriously injured in a terrorist attack consisting of a mass shooting and an attempted bombing at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California.", "2015 San Bernardino attack __knowledge__ The perpetrators, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple living in the city of Redlands, targeted a San Bernardino County Department of Public Health training event and Christmas party of about 80 employees in a rented banquet room.", "2015 San Bernardino attack __knowledge__ Farook was a U.S.-born citizen of Pakistani descent, who worked as a health department employee.", "2015 San Bernardino attack __knowledge__ Malik was a Pakistani-born lawful permanent resident of the United States." ] ]

[ 7, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Agreed, I love McDonald's fries.", "They were founded all the way back in 1940.", "Yeah I know. It was founded in San Bernardino California.", "It's weird, yeah. The first one was founded by Richard and Maurice McDonald." ]

[ "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's" ]

[ "Stand-up comedy\ndo you enjoy stand up comedy? its one of my favorite hobbies", "Yes, its such an exhilerating feeling seeing people laugh at my jokes. what is your favorite type of comedy?", "yes, if you have the right kind of jokes and audience, it makes it very interesting to perfomr", "that makes it the best! no one gets bored" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine or act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to \"enhance\" their acts.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Outside live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under pressure to deliver.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy \"hard, lonely and vicious\".", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a \"headline\" or a \"showcase\" format.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host, \"compère\" (UK), or master of ceremonies (MC), who usually warms up the crowd, interacts with the audience members, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ List of characters appearing in the animated television series \"Drawn Together\".", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ All eight of the four main housemates have physically appeared in every episode and the movie.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ However, there have been certain episodes where some of them have had no lines of dialogue.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ Toot didn't speak in the episodes \"Foxxy VS the Board of Education\" and \"Nipple Ring-Ring Goes to Foster Care.\"", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ Clara and Xandir didn't speak in \"Breakfast Food Killer\" and Ling-Ling had no dialogue in the episodes \"Dirty Pranking No.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ 2,\" \"A Tale of Two Cows,\" \"The Drawn Together Clip Show,\" \"Spelling Applebee's\" and \"Unrestrainable Trainable.\"", "Hobby __knowledge__ A hobby is a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Hobbies can include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements.", "Hobby __knowledge__ A list of hobbies is lengthy and always changing as interests and fashions change.", "Hobby __knowledge__ By continually participating in a particular hobby, one can acquire substantial skills and knowledge in that area.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Engagement in hobbies has increased since the late nineteenth century as workers have more leisure time and advancing production and technology have provided more support for leisure activities.", "Robert Duvall __knowledge__ Robert Selden Duvall (; born January 5, 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker.", "Robert Duvall __knowledge__ He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards (winning for his performance in \"Tender Mercies\"), seven Golden Globes (winning four), and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Emmy Award.", "Robert Duvall __knowledge__ He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005.", "Robert Duvall __knowledge__ Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series, including \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962), \"The Twilight Zone\" (1963), \"The Outer Limits\" (1964), \"Bullitt\" (1968), \"True Grit\" (1969), \"MASH\" (1970), \"THX 1138\" (1971), \"Joe Kidd\" (1972), \"The Godfather\" (1972), \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"Network\" (1976), \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), \"The Great Santini\" (1979), \"Lonesome Dove\" (1989), \"The Handmaid's Tale\" (1990), \"Rambling Rose\" (1991), and \"Falling Down\" (1993).", "Fred Gil __knowledge__ João Frederico Limpo Franco Gil (born 24 March 1985), known as Fred Gil (), is a Portuguese professional tennis player, who currently competes in the ITF Men's Circuit.", "Fred Gil __knowledge__ He is ranked no.", "Fred Gil __knowledge__ 432 in the world by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), as of 10 April 2017.", "Fred Gil __knowledge__ Gil made some Portuguese tennis major breakthroughs during his career.", "Fred Gil __knowledge__ At the 2010 Estoril Open, he was the first Portuguese to reach an ATP Tour final, and in April 2011, he achieved a career-high singles world ranking of 62 – the highest ever for a Portuguese player until he was surpassed by Rui Machado in September that same year.", "Peter Venkman __knowledge__ Peter Venkman, Ph.D., is a fictional character from the \"Ghostbusters\" franchise.", "Peter Venkman __knowledge__ He appears in the films \"Ghostbusters\" and \"Ghostbusters II\" and in the animated television series \"The Real Ghostbusters\".", "Peter Venkman __knowledge__ In both live action films, he was portrayed by Bill Murray, and was voiced in the animated series first by Lorenzo Music and then by Dave Coulier.", "Peter Venkman __knowledge__ He is a parapsychologist and the leader of the Ghostbusters.", "Peter Venkman __knowledge__ In 2008, Peter Venkman was selected by the magazine \"Empire\" as one of \"The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time\", described by Empire's Nick de Semlyen as \"the ultimate New York hero: cynical, sarcastic, secretly sweet-natured\", \"a man possessed by manic spontaneity, with a wont to twirl in circles around a public concourse or declare undying love for a woman he's just met\", and the \"most popular\" character played by Murray.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine or act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to \"enhance\" their acts.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Outside live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under pressure to deliver.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy \"hard, lonely and vicious\".", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a \"headline\" or a \"showcase\" format.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host, \"compère\" (UK), or master of ceremonies (MC), who usually warms up the crowd, interacts with the audience members, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers.", "Red Skelton __knowledge__ Richard \"Red\" Skelton (July 18, 1913September 17, 1997) was an American entertainer.", "Red Skelton __knowledge__ He was best known for his national radio and television acts between 1937 and 1971, and as host of the television program \"The Red Skelton Show\".", "Red Skelton __knowledge__ He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio and television, and also appeared in burlesque, vaudeville, films, nightclubs, and casinos, all while he pursued an entirely separate career as an artist.", "Red Skelton __knowledge__ Skelton began developing his comedic and pantomime skills from the age of 10, when he became part of a traveling medicine show.", "Red Skelton __knowledge__ He then spent time on a showboat, worked the burlesque circuit, then entered into vaudeville in 1934.", "Joke __knowledge__ A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously.", "Joke __knowledge__ It takes the form of a story, usually with dialogue, and ends in a punch line.", "Joke __knowledge__ It is in the punch line that the audience becomes aware that the story contains a second, conflicting meaning.", "Joke __knowledge__ This can be done using a pun or other word play such as irony, a logical incompatibility, nonsense, or other means.", "Joke __knowledge__ Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition: It is generally held that jokes benefit from brevity, containing no more detail than is needed to set the scene for the punchline at the end.", "Laugh track __knowledge__ A laugh track (or laughter track) is a separate soundtrack for a recorded comedy show containing the sound of audience laughter.", "Laugh track __knowledge__ In some productions, the laughter is a live audience response instead; in the United States, where it was most used, the term usually implies artificial laughter (canned laughter or fake laughter) made to be inserted into the show.", "Laugh track __knowledge__ This was invented by American sound engineer Charles \"Charley\" Douglass.", "Laugh track __knowledge__ The Douglass laugh track became a standard in mainstream television in the U.S., dominating most prime-time sitcoms from the late 1950s to the late 1970s.", "Laugh track __knowledge__ By the 1980s, the Douglass family was eventually outrivalled by other sound engineers who created stereophonic laugh tracks different from the original analog track.", "Jeff Dunham __knowledge__ Jeffrey \"Jeff\" Dunham (born April 18, 1962) is an American ventriloquist and comedian who has also appeared on numerous television shows, including \"Late Show with David Letterman\", \"Comedy Central Presents\", \"The Tonight Show\" and \"Sonny With a Chance\".", "Jeff Dunham __knowledge__ He has six specials that run on Comedy Central: \"\", \"\", \"Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special\", \"\", \"\", and \"\".", "Jeff Dunham __knowledge__ Dunham also starred in \"The Jeff Dunham Show\", a series on the network in 2009.", "Jeff Dunham __knowledge__ His style has been described as \"a dressed-down, more digestible version of Don Rickles with multiple personality disorder\".", "Jeff Dunham __knowledge__ Describing his characters, Time magazine said, \"All of them are politically incorrect, gratuitously insulting and ill tempered.\"", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Phyllis Diller __knowledge__ Phyllis Ada Driver (July 17, 1917 – August 20, 2012), better known as Phyllis Diller, was an American actress and stand-up comedienne, best known for her eccentric stage persona, her self-deprecating humor, her wild hair and clothes, and her exaggerated, cackling laugh.", "Phyllis Diller __knowledge__ Diller was a groundbreaking stand-up comic—one of the first female comics to become a household name in the U.S. She paved the way for Joan Rivers, Roseanne Barr, and Ellen DeGeneres, among others, who credit her influence.", "Phyllis Diller __knowledge__ Diller had a large gay following and is considered a gay icon.", "Phyllis Diller __knowledge__ She was also one of the first celebrities to openly champion plastic surgery, for which she was recognized by the industry.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ Marvin Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright, screenwriter and author.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ He has written more than thirty plays and nearly the same number of movie screenplays, mostly adaptations of his plays.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ He has received more combined Oscar and Tony nominations than any other writer.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ Simon grew up in New York during the Great Depression, with his parents' financial hardships affecting their marriage, giving him a mostly unhappy and unstable childhood.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ He often took refuge in movie theaters where he enjoyed watching the early comedians like Charlie Chaplin.", "Neil Simon __knowledge__ After a few years in the Army Air Force Reserve, and after graduating from high school, he began writing comedy scripts for radio and some popular early television shows.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ Created by Simon Cowell, the show began in 2004 and has since aired annually from August/September until December.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The show is produced by FremantleMedia's Thames (previously Talkback Thames) and Cowell's production company Syco Entertainment .", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ It is broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and simulcast on TV3 in Ireland.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ \"X Factor\" refers to the undefinable \"something\" that makes for star quality.", "The X Factor (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The series consists of auditions, bootcamp, judges' houses, several weeks of live shows, semi-finals and the final.", "National Lampoon's Funny Money __knowledge__ National Lampoon's Funny Money is a comedy game show that aired on GSN from June 15 to October 24, 2003.", "National Lampoon's Funny Money __knowledge__ The show was hosted by stand-up comedian Jimmy Pardo, and Budd Friedman served as the announcer.", "National Lampoon's Funny Money __knowledge__ Two contestants compete by answering comedy questions facing three celebrity comedians head-to-head for a fabulous vacation.", "National Lampoon's Funny Money __knowledge__ Jimmy asks both contestants a toss-up question about the world of comedy, and the first person to buzz-in with the correct answer gets 2 points (which Jimmy refers to as \"billion[s of] Funny Money dollars\"), and gets to pick one of the celebrity comedians to perform on the stage for 45 seconds.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" premiered on the Seven Network on 13 July 2014 and ended on 20 October 2014.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ The judging panel consisted of Ronan Keating, Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Redfoo and Dannii Minogue.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ Keating mentored the Under 25 Girls, Bassingthwaighte mentored the Under 25 Boys, Redfoo mentored the Overs 25s, and Minogue mentored the Groups.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ Marlisa Punzalan was declared the winner, with Keating emerging as the winning mentor for the second time.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ Adrien Nookadu was a 17-year-old contestant from New South Wales.", "List of The X Factor finalists (Australia season 6) __knowledge__ Nookadu comes from a musical family; his father is a musician and his brother is a record producer.", "America's Got Talent __knowledge__ America's Got Talent (often abbreviated as AGT) is an American reality television series on the NBC television network, and part of the global \"Got Talent\" franchise.", "America's Got Talent __knowledge__ It is a talent show that features singers, dancers, magicians, comedians, and other performers of all ages competing for the advertised top prize of one million dollars.", "America's Got Talent __knowledge__ The show debuted in June 2006 for the summer television season.", "America's Got Talent __knowledge__ From season three (2008) onwards, the prize includes the one million dollars, payable in a financial annuity over 40 years, and a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip.", "America's Got Talent __knowledge__ Among its significant features is that it gives an opportunity to talented amateurs or unknown performers, with the results decided by an audience vote." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine or act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to \"enhance\" their acts.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Outside live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under pressure to deliver.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy \"hard, lonely and vicious\".", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a \"headline\" or a \"showcase\" format.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host, \"compère\" (UK), or master of ceremonies (MC), who usually warms up the crowd, interacts with the audience members, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers.", "Joke __knowledge__ A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously.", "Joke __knowledge__ It takes the form of a story, usually with dialogue, and ends in a punch line.", "Joke __knowledge__ It is in the punch line that the audience becomes aware that the story contains a second, conflicting meaning.", "Joke __knowledge__ This can be done using a pun or other word play such as irony, a logical incompatibility, nonsense, or other means.", "Joke __knowledge__ Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition: It is generally held that jokes benefit from brevity, containing no more detail than is needed to set the scene for the punchline at the end.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ Russian jokes (), the most popular form of Russian humor, are short fictional stories or dialogs with a punch line.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ Russian joke culture includes a series of categories with fixed and highly familiar settings and characters.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ Surprising effects are achieved by an endless variety of plot twists.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ Russian jokes treat topics found everywhere in the world, including sex, politics, spousal relations, or mothers-in-law.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ This article discusses Russian joke subjects that are particular to Russian or Soviet culture.", "Russian jokes __knowledge__ A major subcategory is Russian political jokes, which are discussed in a separate article.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "History of Provence __knowledge__ The historic French province of Provence, located in the southeast corner of France between the Alps, the Mediterranean, the Rhone River and the upper reaches of the Durance River, was inhabited by Ligures since Neolithic times; by the Celtic since about 900 BC, and by Greek colonists since about 600 BC.", "History of Provence __knowledge__ It was conquered by Rome at the end of the 2nd century BC.", "History of Provence __knowledge__ From 879 until 1486, it was a semi-independent state ruled by the Counts of Provence.", "History of Provence __knowledge__ In 1481, the title passed to the Louis XI of France.", "History of Provence __knowledge__ and in 1486 Provence was legally incorporated into France.", "History of Provence __knowledge__ Provence has been a part of France for over 400 years, but the people of Provence, particularly in the interior, have kept a cultural identity that persists to this day.", "Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul __knowledge__ The Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul have a significant history of settlement, trade, cultural influence, and armed conflict in the Celtic territory of Gaul (modern France), starting from the 6th century BC during the Greek Archaic period.", "Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul __knowledge__ Following the founding of the major trading post of Massalia in 600 BC by the Phocaeans at present day Marseille, Massalians had a complex history of interaction with peoples of the region.", "Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul __knowledge__ The oldest city within modern France, Marseille, was founded around 600 BC by Greeks from the Asia Minor city of Phocaea (as mentioned by Thucydides Bk1,13, Strabo, Athenaeus and Justin) as a trading post or \"emporion\" () under the name Μασσαλία (\"Massalia\").", "History of Marseille __knowledge__ Marseille, France was originally founded circa 600 BC as the Greek colony of Massalia and populated by settlers from Phocaea (modern Foça, Turkey).", "History of Marseille __knowledge__ It became the preeminent Greek \"polis\" in the Hellenized region of southern Gaul.", "History of Marseille __knowledge__ The city-state allied with the Roman Republic against Carthage during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), retaining its independence and commercial empire throughout the western Mediterranean even as Rome expanded into Western Europe and North Africa.", "History of Marseille __knowledge__ However, the city lost its independence following the Roman Siege of Massilia in 49 BC, during Caesar's Civil War, in which Massalia sided with the exiled faction at war with Julius Caesar.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ 20 Massalia is a large and fairly bright main-belt asteroid.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ It is also the largest member of the Massalia family of asteroids.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ Its name is the Greek name for Marseille, the city from which one of the two independent co-discovers, Jean Chacornac, first sighted it.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ Massalia is an S-type asteroid.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ It orbits at very low inclination in the intermediate main belt, and is by far the largest asteroid in the Massalia family.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ The remaining family members are fragments ejected by a cratering event on Massalia.", "20 Massalia __knowledge__ Massalia has an above-average density for S-type asteroids, similar to the density of silicate rocks.", "Pytheas __knowledge__ Pytheas of Massalia (Ancient Greek: Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης \"Pythéas ho Massaliōtēs\"; Latin: \"Pytheas Massiliensis\"; fl.", "Pytheas __knowledge__ 4th century BC), was a Greek geographer and explorer from the Greek colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille).", "Pytheas __knowledge__ He made a voyage of exploration to northwestern Europe in about 325 BC, but his description of it, widely known in Antiquity, has not survived.", "Pytheas __knowledge__ In this voyage he circumnavigated and visited a considerable part of Great Britain.", "Pytheas __knowledge__ He is the first person on record to describe the Midnight Sun.", "Pytheas __knowledge__ The theoretical existence of a Frigid Zone, and temperate zones where the nights are very short in summer and the sun does not set at the summer solstice, was already known.", "Provence __knowledge__ Provence (; ; Provençal: \"Provença\" in classical norm or \"Prouvènço\" in Mistralian norm, ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Provence __knowledge__ It largely corresponds with the modern administrative \"région\" of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and includes the \"départements\" of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse.", "Provence __knowledge__ The largest city of the region is Marseille.", "Provence __knowledge__ The Romans made the region into the first Roman province beyond the Alps and called it \"Provincia Romana\", which evolved into the present name.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, which the word Hellenistic was derived from.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine or act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to \"enhance\" their acts.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Outside live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ In stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under pressure to deliver.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy \"hard, lonely and vicious\".", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a \"headline\" or a \"showcase\" format.", "Stand-up comedy __knowledge__ A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host, \"compère\" (UK), or master of ceremonies (MC), who usually warms up the crowd, interacts with the audience members, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ Orbital perturbation analysis is the activity of determining why a satellite's orbit differs from the mathematical ideal orbit.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ A satellite's orbit in an ideal two-body system describes a conic section, usually an ellipse.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ In reality, there are several factors that cause the conic section to continually change.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ These deviations from the ideal Kepler's orbit are called perturbations.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ It has long been recognized that the Moon does not follow a perfect orbit, and many theories and models have been examined over the millennia to explain it.", "Orbital perturbation analysis __knowledge__ Isaac Newton determined the primary contributing factor to orbital perturbation of the moon was that the shape of the Earth is actually an oblate spheroid due to its spin, and he used the perturbations of the lunar orbit to estimate the oblateness of the Earth.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ A cardioid (from the Greek καρδία \"heart\") is a plane curve traced by a point on the perimeter of a circle that is rolling around a fixed circle of the same radius.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ It can also be defined as an epicycloid having a single cusp.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ It is also a type of sinusoidal spiral, and an inverse curve of the parabola with the focus as the center of inversion.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ The name was coined by de Castillon in 1741 but had been the subject of study decades beforehand.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ Named for its heart-like form, it is shaped more like the outline of the cross section of a round apple without the stalk.", "Cardioid __knowledge__ A cardioid microphone exhibits an acoustic pickup pattern that, when graphed in two dimensions, resembles a cardioid, (any 2d plane containing the 3d straight line of the microphone body.)", "Ellipse __knowledge__ In mathematics, an ellipse is a curve in a plane surrounding two focal points such that the sum of the distances to the two focal points is constant for every point on the curve.", "Ellipse __knowledge__ As such, it is a generalization of a circle, which is a special type of an ellipse having both focal points at the same location.", "Ellipse __knowledge__ The shape of an ellipse (how \"elongated\" it is) is represented by its eccentricity, which for an ellipse can be any number from 0 (the limiting case of a circle) to arbitrarily close to but less than 1.", "Ellipse __knowledge__ Ellipses are the closed type of conic section: a plane curve resulting from the intersection of a cone by a plane (see figure to the right).", "Parabola __knowledge__ In mathematics, a parabola is a plane curve, which is mirror-symmetrical, and is approximately U-shaped when oriented as shown in the diagram below (it remains a parabola if is differently oriented).", "Parabola __knowledge__ It fits any of several superficially different mathematical descriptions, which can all be proved to define exactly the same curves.", "Parabola __knowledge__ One description of a parabola involves a point (the focus) and a line (the directrix).", "Parabola __knowledge__ The focus does not lie on the directrix.", "Parabola __knowledge__ The parabola is the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant from both the directrix and the focus.", "Parabola __knowledge__ Another description of a parabola is as a conic section, created from the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane which is parallel to another plane that is tangential to the conical surface.", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ In mathematics, a hyperbola (plural \"hyperbolas\" or \"hyperbolae\") is a type of smooth curve lying in a plane, defined by its geometric properties or by equations for which it is the solution set.", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ A hyperbola has two pieces, called connected components or branches, that are mirror images of each other and resemble two infinite bows.", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ The hyperbola is one of the three kinds of conic section, formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone.", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ (The other conic sections are the parabola and the ellipse.", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ A circle is a special case of an ellipse.)", "Hyperbola __knowledge__ If the plane intersects both halves of the double cone but does not pass through the apex of the cones, then the conic is a hyperbola.", "Circular section __knowledge__ In geometry a circular section is a circle on a quadric surface (such as an ellipsoid or hyperboloid).", "Circular section __knowledge__ It is a special plane section of the quadric, as this circle is the intersection with the quadric of the plane containing the circle.", "Circular section __knowledge__ Any plane section of a sphere is a circular section, if it contains at least 2 points.", "Circular section __knowledge__ Any quadric of revolution contains circles as sections with planes that are orthogonal to its axis; it does not contain any other circles, if it is not a sphere.", "Circular section __knowledge__ More hidden are circles on other quadrics, such as tri-axial ellipsoids, elliptic cylinders, etc.", "Circular section __knowledge__ Nevertheless, it is true that: Equivalently, all quadric surfaces contain circles except parabolic and hyperbolic cylinders and hyperbolic paraboloids.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Dane Cook __knowledge__ Dane Jeffrey Cook (born March 18, 1972) is an American stand-up comedian and film actor.", "Dane Cook __knowledge__ He has released five comedy albums: \"Harmful If Swallowed\"; \"Retaliation\"; \"\"; \"\"; and \"Isolated Incident\".", "Dane Cook __knowledge__ In 2006, \"Retaliation\" became the highest charting comedy album in 28 years and went platinum.", "Dane Cook __knowledge__ He performed an HBO special in the Fall of 2006, \"Vicious Circle\", a straight-to-DVD special titled \"Rough Around The Edges\" (which is included in the album of the same name), and a Comedy Central special in 2009 titled \"Isolated Incident\".", "Dane Cook __knowledge__ He is known for his use of observational, often vulgar, and sometimes dark comedy." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 10, 9 ]

[ "Stand-up comedy is great! When a comedian performs in front of a live audience", "I also like stand-up because of the audience interaction, it makes it so fun!", "Yeah, it's also fun when the show is a showcase where you get to watch more than one comedian", "I agree! You know Will Ferrell once described stand-up as \"hard, lonely and vicious\"" ]

[ "Stand-up comedy", "Stand-up comedy", "Stand-up comedy", "Stand-up comedy" ]

[ "Chicago metropolitan area", "Ahh, one of my favourite cities on earth! I love Chicago. Great restaurants! ", "Yes, it's a big, spread out city. Love that deep dish pizza.", "Interesting. The architecture is stunning. Some real beauties there. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "Owned-and-operated station __knowledge__ In the broadcasting industry, an owned-and-operated station (frequently abbreviated as O&O) usually refers to a television or radio station that is owned by the network with which it is associated.", "Owned-and-operated station __knowledge__ This distinguishes such a station from an affiliate, which is independently owned and carries network program by contract.", "Owned-and-operated station __knowledge__ The concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada (and to some extent, several other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Japan), where network-owned stations had historically been the exception rather than the rule.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" is a single by American Christian hip hop group GRITS featuring TobyMac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was recorded for their fourth studio album, \"The Art of Translation\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Ric \"DJ Form\" Robbins and Otto Price for Incorporated Elements.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Ric Robbins, Otto Price, Coffee and Bone of Grits, and Toby Mac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as \"My Life Be Like\" or \"My Life Be Like (Ooh Ahh)\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ A cut from the song is featured on tobyMac's song, \"Catchafire (Whoopsi-Daisy)\" from his album \"Welcome to Diverse City\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ To date, \"Ooh Ahh\" has been RIAA Digital Certified Gold for over 500,000 downloads and on-demand streams.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ This Morning With Richard Not Judy or TMWRNJ was a BBC comedy television programme, written by and starring Lee and Herring.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ Two series were broadcast in 1998 and 1999 on BBC Two.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The name was a satirical reference to ITV's \"This Morning\" which was at the time popularly referred to as \"This Morning with Richard and Judy\".", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The show was a reworking of old material from their previous work together (radio and TV) along with new characters.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The show was hosted in a daytime chat show format in front of a live studio audience, although it featured a small proportion of pre-recorded location inserts.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ It was structured by the often strange obsessions of Richard Herring; examples include his rating of the milk of all creatures and attempting to popularise the acronym of the show (\"TMWRNJ\") (in the style of \"Tiswas\").", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" is the debut single by Australian recording artist Tamara Jaber, released on 19 April 2005 through King Kyle Records.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Jaber, Christopher Lee-Joe, Philippe-Marc Anquetil and M. Carre.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Ooh Ahh\" peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 1 on the ARIA Dance Singles Chart.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" was written by Christopher Lee-Joe, Philippe-Marc Anquetil, Tamara Jaber and M. Carre.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics are based on childish chants popularised in playgrounds, including \"Ooh, ahh, I lost my bra / I left it in my boyfriend's car\" and \"Boys are rotten, made out of cotton / Girls are sexy, made out of Pepsi\".", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Poison is an American rock band that achieved great commercial success in the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Poison have sold over 45 million records worldwide and has sold 15 million records in the United States alone.", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ The band has also charted ten singles to the Top 40 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, including six Top 10 singles and the Hot 100 number-one, \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn\".", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ The band's breakthrough debut album, the multi-platinum \"Look What the Cat Dragged In\", was released in 1986 and they hit their peak with the second album, \"Open Up and Say...", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ Ahh!", "Poison (American band) __knowledge__ \", which became the band's most successful album, being certified 5x platinum in the US.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The demographics of Filipino Americans describe a heterogeneous group of people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to the Philippines.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, there were 3.4 million Filipino Americans, including Multiracial Americans who were part Filipino, with the United States Department of State in 2011 estimating the population at 4 million.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ Filipino Americans constitute the second-largest population of Asian Americans, and the largest population of Overseas Filipinos.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The first recorded presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates to October 1587, with the first permanent settlement of Filipinos in what is now the United States being established in Louisiana in 1763.", "Economy of metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ The metropolitan area surrounding and including Detroit, Michigan is a ten county area with a population of over 5.3 million, a workforce of 2.6 million, and about 247,000 businesses.", "Economy of metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ Detroit's six county Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of about 4.3 million, a workforce of about 2.1 million, and a Gross Metropolitan Product of $200.9 billion.", "Economy of metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ Detroit's urban area has a population of 3.9 million.", "Economy of metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ A 2005 PricewaterhouseCoopers study estimated that Detroit's urban area had a Gross Domestic Product of $203 billion.", "Economy of metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ About 80,500 people work in downtown Detroit, comprising one-fifth of the city's employment base.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ Metro Atlanta, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the most populous metro area in the US state of Georgia and the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ Its economic, cultural and demographic center is Atlanta, and it had a 2015 estimated population of 5.7 million people according to the U.S. Census Bureau.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area, the Atlanta–Athens-Clarke–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area.", "Atlanta metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and had an estimated 2015 population of 6.3 million people.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) divides the territories of its member countries into Numbering Plan Areas (NPAs), each identified by a three-digit code commonly called area code.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The rules for numbering NPAs do not permit the digits \"0\" and \"1\" as the leading digit of an area code, which also applies for central office codes.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ \"0\" has been used traditionally for operator-assisted telephone calls, and the digit \"1\" was traditionally ignored in switching equipment as a leading digit, because it could not be distinguished reliably from intermittent loop disconnections when subscribers operated telephones." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ Uno Pizzeria & Grill (formerly Pizzeria Uno and Uno Chicago Grill), or more informally as Unos, is a franchised pizzeria restaurant chain under the parent company Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ Uno Pizzeria and Grill is best known for its Chicago-style deep dish pizza.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ The first Uno's was established in 1943 by former University of Texas football star Ike Sewell and his friend, former World War II G.I.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ Ric Riccardo, in the River North neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.", "Uno Pizzeria &amp; Grill __knowledge__ Sewell originally intended to open a Mexican restaurant because \"there wasn't a really decent Mexican restaurant in Chicago then.\"", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ Detroit-style pizza is a style of pizza developed in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ It is a rectangular pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust and toppings such as pepperoni and mushrooms.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ What makes Detroit-style pizza different from Chicago and New York styles is the crust, which is extra thick and very crispy on the bottom.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The square shaped pizza is the result of being baked in a square pan, which is often not a pizza pan: industrial parts trays are often used, which were originally made to hold small parts in factories.", "Detroit-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust of a Detroit-style pizza is occasionally twice-baked, and it is usually baked in a well-oiled pan to a chewy medium-well-done state that gives the bottom and edges of the crust a fried or crunchy texture.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ Little Caesar Enterprises Inc. (doing business as Little Caesars) is the third-largest pizza chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ It operates and franchises pizza restaurants in the United States and internationally in Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1959 and is based in Detroit, Michigan, headquartered in the Fox Theatre building in Downtown.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings, Inc. Little Caesars Pizza was founded on May 8, 1959, by Mike Ilitch and his wife Marian Ilitch.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Domino’s Pizza, Inc. is an American pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The corporation is headquartered at the Domino's Farms Office Park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's, a small pizza store at 301 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan, near Eastern Michigan University.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The deal was secured by a $500 down payment, and the brothers borrowed $900 to pay for the store.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The brothers planned to split the work hours evenly, but James did not want to quit his job as a full-time postman to keep up with the demands of the new business.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Within eight months, James traded his half of the business to Tom for the Volkswagen Beetle they used for pizza deliveries.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The demographics of Filipino Americans describe a heterogeneous group of people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to the Philippines.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, there were 3.4 million Filipino Americans, including Multiracial Americans who were part Filipino, with the United States Department of State in 2011 estimating the population at 4 million.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ Filipino Americans constitute the second-largest population of Asian Americans, and the largest population of Overseas Filipinos.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The first recorded presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates to October 1587, with the first permanent settlement of Filipinos in what is now the United States being established in Louisiana in 1763.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area or commuter belt, is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ There have been various ethnic groups in Baltimore, Maryland and its surrounding area since it was founded as a British colony in 1661.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Native Americans lived in the Baltimore territory for millennia before European colonization, and some still reside in the city.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Since the first English settlers arrived, substantial immigration from all over Europe, migration of African-Americans from the Deep South, out-migration of White Southerners from Appalachia, and new waves of more recent immigrants from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia and Africa have added layers of complexity to the workforce and culture of Baltimore, as well as the religious and ethnic fabric of the city.", "Arizona __knowledge__ Arizona (; ; ) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.", "Arizona __knowledge__ It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states.", "Arizona __knowledge__ It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states.", "Arizona __knowledge__ Its capital and largest city is Phoenix.", "Arizona __knowledge__ Arizona is one of the Four Corners states.", "Arizona __knowledge__ It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado.", "Arizona __knowledge__ Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona __knowledge__ Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States, encompassing five counties in southern California, extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County on the east, with Los Angeles County in the center and Orange County to the southeast.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of nearly 13 million residents.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Meanwhile, the larger metropolitan region's population at the 2010 census was estimated to be over 17.8 million residents, and a 2015 estimate reported a population of about 18.7 million.", "North America __knowledge__ North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.", "North America __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.", "North America __knowledge__ North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface.", "North America __knowledge__ North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ With an estimated MSA population of 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana.", "Chicago metropolitan area __knowledge__ As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA.", "Beauty and the Geek Australia __knowledge__ Beauty and the Geek Australia is an Australian reality television series on the Seven Network.", "Beauty and the Geek Australia __knowledge__ It was originally hosted by Bernard Curry in the first four series and has been replaced by James Tobin as the new host.", "Beauty and the Geek Australia __knowledge__ It is based on the United States program \"Beauty and the Geek\" created by Ashton Kutcher.", "Beauty and the Geek Australia __knowledge__ The premise of the show consists of a group of \"Beauties\" (young women who have relied primarily on their looks) and a group of \"Geeks\" (young men who have relied primarily on intellect rather than social aptitude or looks) are paired up to compete as teams for a 100,000 prize.", "Beauty and the Geek Australia __knowledge__ As of 27 November 2014, 49 episodes have aired.", "Three Beauties of the Present Day __knowledge__ Utamaro was the leading ukiyo-e artist in the 1790s in the ' genre of pictures of female beauties.", "Three Beauties of the Present Day __knowledge__ He was known for his ', which focus on the heads.", "Three Beauties of the Present Day __knowledge__ The three models in \"Three Beauties of the Present Day\" were frequent subjects of Utamaro's portraiture.", "Three Beauties of the Present Day __knowledge__ Each figure in the work is adorned with an identifying family crest.", "Three Beauties of the Present Day __knowledge__ The portraits are idealized, and at first glance their faces seem similar, but subtle differences in their features and expressions can be detected—a level of realism at the time unusual in ukiyo-e, and a contrast with the stereotyped beauties in earlier masters such as Harunobu and Kiyonaga.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The Penghu National Scenic Area is one of the National Scenic Areas of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and covers most, but not all of the islands and islets that form Penghu County.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ These islands have a total of 320 kilometers of shoreline.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ A National Scenic Area is not a National Park.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ National Scenic Areas fall within the control of the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China, while national parks fall within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The philosophies that govern the development of the two types of areas differ.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ Anna Johnson Dupree (November 27, 1891- February 19, 1977) was a Houston businesswoman and philanthropist.", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ Dupree was born in Carthage and grew up in a family where they picked cotton to make a living.", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ She was the \"great-grandchild of a slaveholder and the grandchild of former slaves,\" and stories she heard about life in slavery had a deep affect on her.", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ Dupree grew up poor, living in a two-room house with her five siblings, her parents, and her grandmother.", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ Dupree's mother \"never permitted her to complain\" of their poverty and \"reminded her there were other children 'worse off' than she.\"", "Anna Johnson Dupree __knowledge__ As a young woman in 1904, she moved to Galveston where she earned a living as a domestic worker.", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ Ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese art which flourished from the 17th through 19th centuries.", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ Its artists produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as female beauties; kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers; scenes from history and folk tales; travel scenes and landscapes; flora and fauna; and erotica.", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ The term \"ukiyo-e\" () translates as \"picture[s] of the floating world\".", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ Edo (modern Tokyo) became the seat of government for the military dictatorship in the early 17th century.", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ The merchant class at the bottom of the social order benefited most from the city's rapid economic growth.", "Ukiyo-e __knowledge__ Many indulged in the entertainments of kabuki theatre, courtesans, and geisha of the pleasure districts.", "Betel nut beauty __knowledge__ In Taiwan, a betel nut beauty (also betel nut girl – ) is a young woman selling betel nuts and cigarettes from a brightly lit glass enclosure while wearing revealing clothing.", "Betel nut beauty __knowledge__ The term in Chinese names the women after Xi Shi, the legendary beauty of imperial China's Spring and Autumn period.", "Betel nut beauty __knowledge__ Though betel nuts are chewed in many regions of the Asia-Pacific, the betel nut beauty phenomenon is distinctly Taiwanese.", "Betel nut beauty __knowledge__ The original betel nut beauties were the \"Shuangdong Girls\" who, in the 1960s, brought glamour to the opening of the Shuangdong Betel Nut Stand in Guoxing Township, Nantou County.", "Betel nut beauty __knowledge__ The success of the marketing strategy led competitors to follow suit, and by the end of the century betel nut beauties and their neon-topped kiosks were a trademark feature of Taiwan's cities and countryside.", "List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita __knowledge__ This article presents a list of Indonesian provinces sorted by their gross regional product nominal (GRP Nominal) per capita.", "List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita __knowledge__ GRP Nominal is the regional or provincial counterpart of the national gross domestic product, the most comprehensive measure of national economic activity.", "List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita __knowledge__ The Statistics Indonesia (\"Badan Pusat Statistik\") derives GRP for a province as the sum of the GRP Nominal originating in all the industries in the province at current prices market.", "List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita __knowledge__ List of Indonesian administrative divisions by GRP Nominal, with 13,795 IDR = 1 USD term of Nominal while 4,099 IDR = 1 USD term of PPP .", "Waikato __knowledge__ Waikato ( or ) is a local government region of the upper North Island of New Zealand.", "Waikato __knowledge__ It covers the Waikato, Hauraki, Coromandel Peninsula, the northern King Country, much of the Taupo District, and parts of Rotorua District.", "Waikato __knowledge__ It is governed by the Waikato Regional Council.", "Waikato __knowledge__ The region stretches from Coromandel Peninsula in the north, to the north-eastern slopes of Mount Ruapehu in the south, and spans the North Island from the west coast, through the Waikato and Hauraki to Coromandel Peninsula on the east coast.", "Waikato __knowledge__ Broadly, the extent of the region is the Waikato River catchment.", "Waikato __knowledge__ Other major catchments are those of the Waihou, Piako, Awakino and Mokau rivers.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ The economy of Isan, Thailand's largest region, composed of 20 provinces in the northeast, is dominated by agriculture, although agricultural output is low and decreasing in importance while the trade and service sectors are growing.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ Much of the population is poor and badly educated.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ Many labourers have been driven by poverty to seek work in other parts of Thailand or abroad.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ Isan accounts for around a third of Thailand's population and a third of its area.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ In 2013 it contributed 10.9 percent of the kingdom's GDP.", "Economy of Isan __knowledge__ The gross regional product (GRP) per capita in 2013 was 74,532 baht per year, the lowest of all Thai regions, 5.8 times lower than that of the leading eastern region.", "Los Tuxtlas __knowledge__ Los Tuxtlas is a region in the south of the Mexican state of Veracruz.", "Los Tuxtlas __knowledge__ Politically it refers to four municipalities: Catemaco, San Andrés Tuxtla, Santiago Tuxtla and Hueyapan de Ocampo.", "Los Tuxtlas __knowledge__ It also refers to a high complex natural ecosystem, an isolated volcanic mountain range next to the Gulf of Mexico, home to the northern edge of tropical rainforest in the Americas.", "Los Tuxtlas __knowledge__ Although seriously deforested, most of it is under protection as the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, which stretches over eight municipalities, centering on the four mentioned above.", "Los Tuxtlas __knowledge__ The area’s early history was influenced by the Olmecs but had its own trajectory.", "List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP __knowledge__ The article is a list of Russia Federal subjects by Gross Regional Product (GRP) in main years.", "List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP __knowledge__ For an easy comparison, It is listed two kinds of GRP figures, the first is in Russian currency ruble (RUB), and the second is in USD figures converted according to exchange rates.", "List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP __knowledge__ all the GRP figures in RUB are from the State Statistics of Russian Federation, the annual average exchange rates are calculated according to UN Country GDP DATA in USD and national currency.", "List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP __knowledge__ Notes Gross regional product per capita at purchasing power parity in US dollars.", "Gross regional product __knowledge__ Gross regional product (GRP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a region or subdivision of a country in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.", "Gross regional product __knowledge__ A metropolitan area's GRP, i.e.", "Gross regional product __knowledge__ Gross metropolitan product or GMP, is one of several measures of the size of its economy." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Chicago Metro Area is metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburb", "It would shock you to know that it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.", "It generates an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion.", "It's such an amazing business place that it is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500" ]

[ "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area", "Chicago metropolitan area" ]

[ "Mental disorder\nI recently found out my friend has a mental disorder and I'm not sure what to think about it. I'm looking for information on how I can help her!", "Yes, she was. What do you think causes people to experience mental disorders?", "Oh, I see. What are some treatments for mental disorders? ", "I really hope she gets the help she needs! Maybe for now, I'll just make sure that I'm there for her if she needs me." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods such as psychometric tests but often relying on observation and questioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ The Mental Health Act 1983 (c.20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which applies to people in England and Wales.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ It covers the reception, care and treatment of mentally disordered persons, the management of their property and other related matters.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ In particular, it provides the legislation by which people diagnosed with a mental disorder can be detained in hospital or police custody and have their disorder assessed or treated against their wishes, unofficially known as \"sectioning\".", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ Its use is reviewed and regulated by the Care Quality Commission.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ The Act has been significantly amended by the Mental Health Act 2007.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ It is used, or relied upon, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, the legal system, and policy makers together with alternatives such as the , produced by the WHO.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM is now in its fifth edition, the DSM-5, published on May 18, 2013.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM evolved from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a United States Army manual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Insanity defense __knowledge__ The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is a defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act.", "Insanity defense __knowledge__ This is contrasted with an excuse of provocation, in which defendant is responsible, but the responsibility is lessened due to a temporary mental state.", "Insanity defense __knowledge__ It is also contrasted with a finding that a defendant cannot stand trial in a criminal case because a mental disease prevents him or her from effectively assisting counsel, from a civil finding in trusts and estates where a will is nullified because it was made when a mental disorder prevented a testator from recognizing the natural objects of their bounty, and from involuntary civil commitment to a mental institution, when a person is found to be gravely disabled or to be a danger to himself or herself or to others.", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy, is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for people who may be diagnosed.", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental disorders: Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain.", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ Other classification schemes may be in use more locally, for example the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods such as psychometric tests but often relying on observation and questioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ It is used, or relied upon, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, the legal system, and policy makers together with alternatives such as the , produced by the WHO.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM is now in its fifth edition, the DSM-5, published on May 18, 2013.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM evolved from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a United States Army manual.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ See glossary of psychiatry.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ On occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Mental disorders are often diagnosed in accordance with clinical concepts listed in diagnostic manuals such as the \"International Classification of Diseases\" (ICD), edited and used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the widely used \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy, is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for people who may be diagnosed.", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental disorders: Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain.", "Classification of mental disorders __knowledge__ Other classification schemes may be in use more locally, for example the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Mental disorders are classified as a psychological condition marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, and emotions to seriously impair the normal psychological and often social functioning of the individual.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with certain mental disorders can be unable to function normally in society.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Mental disorders occasionally consist of a combination of affective, behavioral, cognitive and perceptual components.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ The acknowledgement and understanding of mental health conditions has changed over time and across cultures.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ There are still variations in the definition, classification, and treatment of mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Eating disorder __knowledge__ An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health.", "Eating disorder __knowledge__ They include binge eating disorder where people eat a large amount in a short period of time, anorexia nervosa where people eat very little and thus have a low body weight, bulimia nervosa where people eat a lot and then try to rid themselves of the food, pica where people eat non-food items, rumination disorder where people regurgitate food, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder where people have a lack of interest in food, and a group of other specified feeding or eating disorders.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ There is often trouble remembering certain events, beyond what would be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ These states alternately show in a person's behavior.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Presentations, however, are variable.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ Associated condition often include borderline personality disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance misuse disorder, self-harm, or anxiety.", "Dissociative identity disorder __knowledge__ The cause is believed to be due to childhood trauma.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Child psychopathology refers to the scientific study of mental disorders in children and adolescents.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder are examples of psychopathology that are typically first diagnosed during childhood.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Mental health providers who work with children and adolescents are informed by research in developmental psychology, clinical child psychology, and family systems.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Lists of child and adult mental disorders can be found in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\", Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health is defined as \"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community\".", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as \"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\"", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological, psychiatric, and emotional health by means of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods such as psychometric tests but often relying on observation and questioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ See glossary of psychiatry.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ On occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used.", "Psychiatry __knowledge__ Mental disorders are often diagnosed in accordance with clinical concepts listed in diagnostic manuals such as the \"International Classification of Diseases\" (ICD), edited and used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the widely used \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ For thousands of years, humans have tried to explain and control problematic behavior.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ But our efforts always derive from theories or models of behavior popular at the time, and the purpose is to explain 'why someone is like that'.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ Three major models, namely, supernatural model, biological model and psychological model.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ For much of our recorded history, deviant behavior has been considered a reflection of the battle between good and evil.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ When confronted with unexplainable, irrational behavior and by suffering and upheaval, people have perceived evil.", "History of mental disorders __knowledge__ In fact, in the Great Persian Empire from 900 to 600 B.C., all physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ It is used, or relied upon, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, the legal system, and policy makers together with alternatives such as the , produced by the WHO.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM is now in its fifth edition, the DSM-5, published on May 18, 2013.", "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders __knowledge__ The DSM evolved from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a United States Army manual.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Mental disorders are classified as a psychological condition marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, and emotions to seriously impair the normal psychological and often social functioning of the individual.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with certain mental disorders can be unable to function normally in society.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ Mental disorders occasionally consist of a combination of affective, behavioral, cognitive and perceptual components.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ The acknowledgement and understanding of mental health conditions has changed over time and across cultures.", "Treatment of mental disorders __knowledge__ There are still variations in the definition, classification, and treatment of mental disorders.", "Psychopathy __knowledge__ Psychopathy, sometimes considered synonymous with sociopathy, is traditionally defined as a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, egotistical traits.", "Psychopathy __knowledge__ Different conceptions of psychopathy have been used throughout history.", "Psychopathy __knowledge__ These conceptions are only partly overlapping and may sometimes be contradictory.", "Psychopathy __knowledge__ Hervey M. Cleckley, an American psychiatrist, influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM), as did American psychologist George E. Partridge.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ The Mental Health Act 1983 (c.20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which applies to people in England and Wales.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ It covers the reception, care and treatment of mentally disordered persons, the management of their property and other related matters.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ In particular, it provides the legislation by which people diagnosed with a mental disorder can be detained in hospital or police custody and have their disorder assessed or treated against their wishes, unofficially known as \"sectioning\".", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ Its use is reviewed and regulated by the Care Quality Commission.", "Mental Health Act 1983 __knowledge__ The Act has been significantly amended by the Mental Health Act 2007." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods such as psychometric tests but often relying on observation and questioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Robert Jacob Sugden is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\".", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ The character originally appeared on the show regularly between 22 April 1986 and 3 October 2005.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ During that time he was first played as a baby by Richard Smith from 1986 and 1989 before the role was taken over by Christopher Smith from 1989 and 2001.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ In 2001, Karl Davies took over the role in order for the character to become involved in more adult storylines, as he grew older.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Karl Davies briefly reprised his role as Robert for one episode airing on 10 February 2009, when he returned for the funeral of his father and longest running character Jack Sugden (Clive Hornby).", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as a psychiatric problem.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It was called \"psychopathological mechanisms\" of dissent.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ During the leadership of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, psychiatry was used to disable and remove from society political opponents (\"dissidents\") who openly expressed beliefs that contradicted the official dogma.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The term \"philosophical intoxication\", for instance, was widely applied to the mental disorders diagnosed when people disagreed with the country's Communist leaders and, by referring to the writings of the Founding Fathers of Marxism–Leninism—Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin—made them the target of criticism.", "Mental health in Russia __knowledge__ Mental health in Russia is covered by a law, known under its official name—the Law of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens' Rights during Its Provision\"; , \"Zakon Possiyskoy Federatsii \"O psikhiatricheskoy pomoshchi i garantyakh prav grazhdan pri yeyo okazanii\"\"), which is the basic legal act that regulates psychiatric care in the Russian Federation and applies not only to persons with mental disorders but all citizens.", "Mental health in Russia __knowledge__ An notable exception of this rule is those vested with parliamentary or judicial immunity.", "Mental health in Russia __knowledge__ Providing psychiatric care is regulated by a special law regarding guarantees of citizens' rights.", "Psychiatric assessment __knowledge__ A psychiatric assessment, or psychological screening, is a process of gathering information about a person within a psychiatric service, with the purpose of making a diagnosis.", "Psychiatric assessment __knowledge__ The assessment is usually the first stage of a treatment process, but psychiatric assessments may also be used for various legal purposes.", "Psychiatric assessment __knowledge__ The assessment includes social and biographical information, direct observations, and data from specific psychological tests.", "Psychiatric assessment __knowledge__ It is typically carried out by a psychiatrist, but it can be a multi-disciplinary process involving nurses, psychologists, occupational therapist, social workers, and licensed professional counselors.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia __knowledge__ Political abuse of psychiatry is the purported misuse of psychiatric diagnosis, detention and treatment for the purposes of obstructing the fundamental human rights of certain groups and individuals in a society.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia __knowledge__ In other words, abuse of psychiatry including one for political purposes is deliberate action of getting citizens certified, who, because of their mental condition, need neither psychiatric restraint nor psychiatric treatment.", "Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia __knowledge__ Psychiatrists have been involved in human rights abuses in states across the world when the definitions of mental disease were expanded to include political disobedience.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The g\" factor (also known as general intelligence, general mental ability or general intelligence factor) is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the fact that an individual's performance on one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to that person's performance on other kinds of cognitive tasks.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The \"g\" factor typically accounts for 40 to 50 percent of the between-individual performance differences on a given cognitive test, and composite scores (\"IQ scores\") based on many tests are frequently regarded as estimates of individuals' standing on the \"g\" factor." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 11, 2 ]

[ "Was she properly diagnosed by a professional? Such disorders need to be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Sadly, the cause of having a mental disorder are sometimes unclear. There are so many factors involved.", "The first step would be to get an assessment done somewhere like a psychiatric hospital by a psychiatrist, psychologist and/or a clnical social worker. There are psychometric tests that can be done, or simple observation and questioning.", "Absolutely! It's always good to have someone to talk to. Just know that it may not be permanent either, some features of mental disorder can be persistent, others relapsing and remitting and some even in a single episode." ]

[ "Mental disorder", "Mental disorder", "Mental disorder", "Mental disorder" ]

[ "Pizza", "Do I like pizza? That's like asking if I like breathing.. Although I guess my dad doesn't like pizza. Something's wrong with him. I'd love to learn more about it though.", "I usually just get the gold standard, plain cheese. But sometimes I dabble in pepperoni or salami. I've learned to like it where it's like supreme or has onions, etc., but that's far from my favorite." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ \"Sleep Like Breathing\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Alison Moyet with David Freeman, released in 1987 as the fourth and final single from her second studio album \"Raindancing\".", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ The song was written by Freeman and Joseph Hughes, both of whom made up The Lover Speaks, and was produced by Jimmy Iovine, Freeman and Hughes.", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ During recording sessions of \"Raindancing\", The Lover Speaks contributed three songs to the project, although only \"Sleep Like Breathing\" was included on the album.", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ Upon release, \"Sleep Like Breathing\" peaked at No.", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ 80 and remained in the Top 100 for three weeks.", "Sleep Like Breathing __knowledge__ A promotional video was filmed to promote the single, which also featured Freeman.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian Argentines __knowledge__ Italian Argentines (, ) are Argentine-born citizens of Italian descent or Italian-born people who reside in Argentina.", "Italian Argentines __knowledge__ Italian inmigration is one of the largest and central ethnic origins of modern Argentinians, together with Spanish immigration as well as the colonial population that settled previously to the major migratory movements into Argentina.", "Italian Argentines __knowledge__ It is estimated up to 25 million Argentines have some degree of Italian descent (up to 62.5% of the total population), Italians began arriving in Argentina in great numbers from 1857 to 1940, totaling 44.9% of the entire post-colonial immigrant population; more than from any other country (including Spain at 31.5%).", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Breaded cutlet is a dish made from coating a cutlet of meat with breading or batter and either frying or baking it.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Breaded cutlet is known as schnitzel in German-speaking countries, cotoletta or scaloppine in Italy, escalope in France, \"filete empanado\" in Spain, milanesa in Latin America, katsu in Japan and Korea, and kotlet in Poland.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Chicken fingers or chicken tenders are an American dish prepared by breading and deep frying the pectoralis minor muscle of the chicken, which is the smaller cut of the chicken breast located along its underside, attached to the ribs.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak (also known as country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish that may have originated with German and Austrian immigrants to Texas in the 19th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni (also known as pepperoni sausage) is an American variety of salami, made from cured pork and beef mixed together and seasoned with paprika or other chili pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red in color.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Thinly sliced pepperoni is a popular pizza topping in American-style pizzerias and is used as filling in the West Virginia pepperoni roll.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The term \"pepperoni\" is a borrowing of \"peperoni\", the plural of \"peperone\", the Italian word for bell pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The first use of \"pepperoni\" to refer to a sausage dates to 1919.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Even if in Italian the word is plural (like the Italian word \"salami\", plural of \"salame\"), the English word pepperoni is used as a singular uncountable noun.", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing.", "Salami __knowledge__ Salami is a type of cured sausage consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically beef or pork.", "Salami __knowledge__ Historically, salami was popular among southern and central European peasants because it stores at room temperature for up to 40 days once cut, supplementing a potentially meager or inconsistent supply of fresh meat.", "Salami __knowledge__ Countries and regions across Europe make their own traditional varieties of salami.", "Salami __knowledge__ The word \"salami\" in English comes from the plural form of the Italian \"salame.\"", "Salami __knowledge__ It is a singular or plural word in English for cured meats of a European (particularly Italian) style.", "Salami __knowledge__ In Romanian, Bulgarian, and Turkish, the word is \"salam\"; in Hungarian, it is \"szalámi\"; while French, German, and Dutch have the same word as English.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 11 ]

[ "Do you like pizza? It is a traditional Italian dish.", "Ha! I am suspicious of anyone who doesnt like pizza. Do you have it topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments?", "I see, do you prefer it fresh or frozen?" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Tomato\nI really hate tomatoes. Especially fresh ones.", "I dont mind tomato sauce but fresh tomatoes are really gross to me.", "Yes I've tried quite a bit of italian foods what about you?", "My favorite would be fettucini alfredo, what about you?", "I also enjoy pizza hut very much. Their pan pizza crust is amazing. I have always liked it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Frozen vegetables __knowledge__ Frozen vegetables are vegetables that have had their temperature reduced and maintained to below their freezing point for the purpose of storage and transportation (often for far longer than their natural shelf life would permit) until they are ready to be eaten.", "Frozen vegetables __knowledge__ They may be commercially packaged or frozen at home.", "Frozen vegetables __knowledge__ A wide range of frozen vegetables are sold in supermarkets.", "Frozen vegetables __knowledge__ Examples of frozen vegetables which can be found in supermarkets include spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, peas, corn, yam (in Asia) either packaged as a single ingredient or as mixtures.", "Frozen vegetables __knowledge__ There are occasions when frozen vegetables are mixed with other food types, such as pasta or cheese.", "I Really Hate My Job __knowledge__ I Really Hate My Job is a 2007 British comedy film directed by Oliver Parker and starring Neve Campbell, Shirley Henderson, Alexandra Maria Lara, Anna Maxwell Martin, Oana Pellea, and Danny Huston as himself.", "I Really Hate My Job __knowledge__ It is an independent film distributed by TriStar Pictures and produced by 3DD Productions.", "I Really Hate My Job __knowledge__ \"I Really Hate My Job\" is the story of the lives of five women stuck working in a second-rate London restaurant with delusions of grandeur.", "I Really Hate My Job __knowledge__ The action takes place over a single evening.", "I Really Hate My Job __knowledge__ Customers come and go, unaware of the real concerns of these women: a rat or two in the kitchen, bitter arguments about life and art, as well as a coup d'état in the kitchen, all overshadowed by the anticipation of a booking by a famous Hollywood film star.", "Western Front tactics, 1917 __knowledge__ In 1917, during World War I, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry.", "Western Front tactics, 1917 __knowledge__ Tanks, railways, aircraft, lorries, chemicals, concrete and steel, photography, wireless and advances in medical science increased in importance in all of the armies, as did the influence of the material constraints of geography, climate, demography and economics.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Puerto Rican cuisine __knowledge__ Puerto Rican cuisine has its roots in the cooking traditions and practices of Europe (mostly Spain), Africa and the native Taínos.", "Puerto Rican cuisine __knowledge__ Starting from the latter part of the 19th century, the cuisine of Puerto Rico has been greatly influenced by the United States in the ingredients used in its preparation.", "Puerto Rican cuisine __knowledge__ Puerto Rican cuisine has transcended the boundaries of the island and also has a lot of Asian influence especially Japanese and Chinese, and can be found in several other countries.", "Puerto Rican cuisine __knowledge__ Puerto Rican cuisine has been influenced by an array of cultures including Taino Arawak, Spanish, African, and American.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ Arab cuisine () is the cuisine of the Arabs, defined as the various regional cuisines spanning the Arab world, from the Maghreb to the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisines are often centuries old and reflect the culture of great trading in spices, herbs, and foods.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The three main regions, also known as the Maghreb, the Fertile Crescent, and the Arabian Peninsula have many similarities, but also many unique traditions.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ These kitchens have been influenced by the climate, cultivating possibilities, as well as trading possibilities.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The kitchens of the Maghreb and Levant are relatively young kitchens that were developed over the past centuries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup (formerly catsup) is a condiment.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Traditionally, recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients, but in modern times the unmodified term usually refers to \"tomato ketchup\".", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup is a sweet and tangy sauce typically made from tomatoes, sweetener, and vinegar, with assorted seasonings and spices.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The latter vary by recipe, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, mustard and sometimes celery, cinnamon or ginger.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Hunt's has the second biggest share of the US market with less than 20%.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ Anni Emilia Swan (married name Anni Manninen; 4 January 1875 in Helsinki – 24 March 1958 in Helsinki) was a Finnish writer.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ Swan wrote many books for children and young adults, was a journalist for children's magazines and worked as a translator.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ She is considered the creator of Finnish literature for girls.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ Swan's father was Carl Gustaf Swan, a well-known figure of culture of his time, who founded the first newspaper of Lappeenranta.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ Anni Swan's mother Emilia Malin was a literature enthusiast and taught all of her nine daughters to read fairy tales and narratives at an early age.", "Anni Swan __knowledge__ The family lived in Lappeenranta from 1884 until the turn of the century.", "US Foods __knowledge__ US Foods (formerly known as U.S. Foodservice) is one of the largest foodservice distributors.", "US Foods __knowledge__ With $23 billion in annual revenue, US Foods was the 10th largest private company in America until its recent IPO.", "US Foods __knowledge__ Many of the entities that make up US Foods were founded in the 19th century, including one that sold provisions to travelers heading west during the 1850s gold rush.", "US Foods __knowledge__ The company used the name U.S. Foodservice until 1993.", "US Foods __knowledge__ US Foods offers more than 350,000 national brand products and its own “exclusive brand” items, ranging from fresh meats and produce to prepackaged and frozen foods.", "US Foods __knowledge__ The company employs approximately 25,000 people in more than 60 locations nationwide, and provides food and related products to more than 250,000 customers, including independent and multi-unit restaurants, healthcare and hospitality entities, government and educational institutions.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip, created by Jim Davis.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons, and movies centered on the Garfield character, and is organized by what medium they appeared in first.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ First Appearance: June 19, 1978 Garfield is the strip's title character.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is a lazy, fat Orange Tabby.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He also appears to be more anthropomorphic and/or humanoid-like as the series passes by and there are more strips being made.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ He is usually depicted eating or sleeping.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ His favorite food is lasagna.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Hates Mondays, spiders and raisins.", "List of Garfield characters __knowledge__ Loves bullying Odie and mailing Nermal to Abu Dhabi for being annoying.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American cuisine is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States of America.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American food has been shaped throughout history by various waves of immigrants and their descendants, called Italian Americans.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ As immigrants from the different regions of Italy settled throughout the various regions of the United States, many brought with them a distinct regional Italian culinary tradition.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for the townspeople and later for Americans nationwide.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Prominent American chefs and cooks working in the Italian-American tradition include Giada De Laurentiis, Mario Batali, Michael Chiarello, Frank Pellegrino, Rocco DiSpirito, Tom Colicchio, and Lidia Bastianich.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy is considered the birthplace of Western civilization and a cultural superpower.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy has been the starting point of phenomena of international impact such as the Magna Graecia, the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Risorgimento and the European integration.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ During its history, the nation gave birth to an enormous number of notable people.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Both the internal and external faces of Western culture were born on the Italian peninsula, whether one looks at the history of the Christian faith, civil institutions (such as the Senate), philosophy, law, art, science, or social customs and culture.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Linda McCartney Foods __knowledge__ Linda McCartney Foods is a British food brand specializing in vegetarian and vegan food.", "Linda McCartney Foods __knowledge__ Available in the UK, as well as Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, the range includes chilled and frozen meat analogues in the form of burgers, sausages, sausage rolls, meatballs, stir-fry dishes and pastas.", "Linda McCartney Foods __knowledge__ The company was created in 1991 by entertainer and activist Linda McCartney, and has been described as one of the most successful mass-market celebrity brands.", "Linda McCartney Foods __knowledge__ Linda McCartney Foods was established in April 1991, launching a range of frozen vegetarian products including golden nuggets, ploughman's pie (cheese pie), ploughman's pasties, lasagna, Italian style toppers, and beefless burgers.", "Fun Run __knowledge__ \"Fun Run\" is the first and second episode of the fourth season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the show's fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth episode overall.", "Fun Run __knowledge__ Written and directed by executive producer and showrunner Greg Daniels, the episode first aired on NBC in the United States on September 27, 2007.", "Fun Run __knowledge__ In the episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) believes the office is cursed after he accidentally hits Meredith Palmer (Kate Flannery) with his car.", "Fun Run __knowledge__ After being taken to the hospital, Meredith is found to have rabies.", "Fun Run __knowledge__ In an attempt to make amends with Meredith, Michael sponsors a fun run for rabies.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ The Care Bears Movie is a 1985 Canadian-American animated fantasy film and the second feature film from the Canadian animation studio Nelvana.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ One of the first films based directly on a toy line, it introduced the Care Bears characters and their companions the Care Bear Cousins.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ In the film, an orphanage owner (Mickey Rooney) tells a story about the Care Bears, who live in a cloud-filled land called Care-a-Lot.", "The Care Bears Movie __knowledge__ Traveling across Earth, the Bears help two lonely children named Kim and Jason find new parents, and also save a young magician's apprentice named Nicholas from an evil spirit's influence.", "La traviata __knowledge__ La traviata (, The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave.", "La traviata __knowledge__ It is based on \"La Dame aux Camélias\" (1852), a play adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, fils.", "La traviata __knowledge__ The opera was originally titled \"Violetta\", after the main character.", "La traviata __knowledge__ It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at the La Fenice opera house in Venice.", "La traviata __knowledge__ Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, \"c. 1700\".", "La traviata __knowledge__ It was not until the 1880s that the composer and librettist's original wishes were carried out and \"realistic\" productions were staged.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ In a thought experiment proposed by the Italian probabilist Bruno de Finetti in order to justify Bayesian probability, an array of wagers is coherent precisely if it does not expose the wagerer to certain loss regardless of the outcomes of events on which they are wagering, even if their opponent makes the most judicious choices.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ One must set the price of a promise to pay $1 if John Smith wins tomorrow's election, and $0 otherwise.", "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) __knowledge__ One knows that one's opponent will be able to choose either to buy such a promise from one at the price one has set, or require one to buy such a promise from them, still at the same price.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Spread betting is any of various types of wagering on the outcome of an event where the pay-off is based on the accuracy of the wager, rather than a simple \"win or lose\" outcome, such as fixed-odds (or money-line) betting or parimutuel betting.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ A \"spread\" is a range of outcomes and the bet is whether the outcome will be above or below the spread.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Spread betting has been a major growth market in the UK in recent years, with the number of gamblers heading towards one million.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Financial spread betting (see below) can carry a high level of risk if there is no \"stop\".", "Spread betting __knowledge__ In the UK, spread betting is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority rather than the Gambling Commission.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ \"Humpty Dumpty\" is the third episode of the second season of \"House\", which premiered on Fox on September 27, 2005.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ Dr. Lisa Cuddy's longtime handyman Alfredo falls off her roof, causing breathing problems.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ Alfredo, a construction worker at Cuddy's house, complains that his asthma is acting up.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ Cuddy tells him to continue working, and Alfredo falls off the roof onto the concrete.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ He cannot breathe, and Cuddy notices that two of the fingers on his right hand have turned purple.", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ House suggests disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC).", "Humpty Dumpty (House) __knowledge__ Stacy tells Cuddy that, for legal reasons, she should stay away from Alfredo.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ Pan pizza is a thin or thick pizza baked in a deep dish pan.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ The bottoms and sides of the crust become fried and crispy in the oil used to coat the pan.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ Chicago and Detroit-style pizza may be considered a form of pan pizza.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ Pan pizza generally refers to the thin to thick style popularized by Pizza Hut in the 1960s.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ Dan and Frank Carney opened a pizza parlor in Wichita, Kansas which would later become Pizza Hut.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ The brothers focused on pan style pizza.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ The initial version was a thin style pan pizza which included cheese, pepperoni and/or sausage.", "Pan pizza __knowledge__ The small sized pizza sold for $.95 and the large sold for $1.50.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel () is the Israeli franchise of Pizza Hut with 56 branches as of September 2014.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel is the largest pizza chain in Israel.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Pizza Hut Israel opened their first restaurant in 1990, under the master franchisee Clal Chains, a subsidiary of Clal Industries.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ Initially the chain opened many restaurants in Israeli and was very successful It was in 1996, when Shlomo Duhoki through his company Penthouse paid the sum of USD 12M and bought the business from Clal Chains.", "Pizza Hut Israel __knowledge__ In 2002 Pizza Hut Israel switch hands again, Dor Alon the Gas company takes over the business from Shlomo Duhoki.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Domino’s Pizza, Inc. is an American pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The corporation is headquartered at the Domino's Farms Office Park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's, a small pizza store at 301 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan, near Eastern Michigan University.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The deal was secured by a $500 down payment, and the brothers borrowed $900 to pay for the store.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The brothers planned to split the work hours evenly, but James did not want to quit his job as a full-time postman to keep up with the demands of the new business.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Within eight months, James traded his half of the business to Tom for the Volkswagen Beetle they used for pizza deliveries.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was an Australian fast food chain specialising in Italian-American cuisine, in particular pizza.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ The chain was acquired by Pizza Hut in November 2016 and was officially closed on the 1st of May 2017.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Eagle Boys was founded in Albury, New South Wales by businessman Tom Potter in 1987.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Since 1992, Eagle Boys national headquarters have been located in Annerley, Queensland.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ In 2007 NBC Capital, a Queensland-based venture capital group, bought Eagle Boys from Potter.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ At the chain's peak, in 2013, more than 340 Eagle Boys stores were operating across Australia.", "Eagle Boys __knowledge__ Outlet numbers fell drastically between the end of 2013 and the end of 2014 to around 170.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ The Pizza Head Show was the name of a live action spoof show used in Pizza Hut commercials from 1993 to 1997 to advertise their promotions and new kinds of pizza.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ The commercials starred a piece of pizza named Pizza Head, who had a face made out of different toppings and his pizza cutter nemesis named Steve who would try to cause him as much harm as possible.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ These advertising campaigns were from San Francisco's Goodby Silverstein & Partners were directed by Walter Williams in a style similar to his \"The Mr. Bill Show\", an early series of \"Saturday Night Live\" skits.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ A normal commercial would begin with Pizza Head saying something about the promotion, then Steve would somehow get involved demonstrating the promotion, with the help of an offscreen narrator.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ The presence of pizza restaurant chains has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in China.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ This also had an effect of introducing cheese as a culinary ingredient and everyday food in China, which was relatively uncommon in Chinese cuisine prior to the emergence of pizza chains.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and several pizza restaurant chains exist in China today.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza both expanded in the Chinese market in the 2000s.", "Pizza in China __knowledge__ Prior to entering the market, Pizza Hut performed market analysis and research into consumer food preferences, tastes, and dining habits, whereas Domino's simply entered the market providing their standard fare.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels." ] ]

[ 1, 28, 32, 60, 0 ]

[ "same tomatoes are horrible, do you like tomato sauce?", "i see, have you tried much italian cuisine", "yes i have tried it, it has lots of diverse foods such as pasta and pizza what is your favorite ?", "i really like pizza from pizza hut. where do you eat ouy ?", "i agree, pizza hut do them very nice" ]

[ "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato" ]

[ "Cinematography", "Hey, so what is it about cinematography that you love the most?", "Oh really could you tell me more about their wireless infrastructure?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from on 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978).", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ The original producer, Gavin Disney, left the program in the 1980s and Somers then jointly formed his own production company, \"Somers Carroll Productions\", with on-screen partner Ernie Carroll, the performer of Somers' puppet sidekick Ossie Ostrich.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ On 25 July 2009, the Nine Network announced the show would return for two reunion specials in late 2009 and hinted if they rated strongly, the show could return full-time.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ The ballad evolved from \"Hey Jules\", a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles' record label Apple Records.", "Hey Joe __knowledge__ \"Hey Joe\" is an American popular song from the 1960s that has become a rock standard and has been performed in many musical styles by hundreds of different artists.", "Hey Joe __knowledge__ \"Hey Joe\" tells the story of a man who is on the run and planning to head to Mexico after shooting his unfaithful wife.", "Hey Joe __knowledge__ The song was registered for copyright in the United States in 1962 by Billy Roberts.", "Hey Joe __knowledge__ However, diverse credits and claims have led to confusion about the song's authorship.", "Hey Joe __knowledge__ The earliest known commercial recording of the song is the late-1965 single by the Los Angeles garage band the Leaves; the band then re-recorded the track and released it in 1966 as a follow-up single which became a hit.", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Hey!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Say!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ JUMP is a nine-member Japanese all-male band under the Japanese talent agency, Johnny & Associates.", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ The name Hey!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Say!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ refers to the fact that all the members were born in the Heisei period, and JUMP is an acronym for Johnny's Ultra Music Power.", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ They are also known as HSJ or just JUMP.", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Like agency seniors, Hikaru Genji and V6, the group is split into two sub-groups: Hey!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Say!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ BEST (Boys Excellent Select Team) and Hey!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ Say!", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ 7 (not to be confused with the temporary group with the same name).", "Hey! Say! JUMP __knowledge__ The sub-groups consists of the five oldest members (BEST) and four youngest members (7) respectively.", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ Hey Venus!", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ is the eighth album by Welsh band Super Furry Animals.", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ It was released on 27 August 2007 in the United Kingdom.", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ \"Hey Venus!\"", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ is the band's first full-length release on current label Rough Trade Records and, at just over 36 minutes, is also their shortest-running studio release.", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ The title is taken from the first line of the song \"Into the Night\".", "Hey Venus! __knowledge__ The album was conceived as a \"rowdy pop record\", both in response to Rough Trade's request for \"one of those pop records like you used to make\" and as a result of the \"very different atmosphere\" the band encountered at shows on the \"Love Kraft\" tour when the 'slow' songs from that album were played.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ \"Hey Hey Hey\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her fifth studio album \"Witness\" (2017).", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ It was sent to Italian contemporary hit radio stations on January 12, 2018 by Universal Music Group as the album's fourth single.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ The song was written by Perry, Sia Furler, Sarah Hudson, Max Martin and Ali Payami, while production was handled by Martin and Payami.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ \"Hey Hey Hey\" is a rock and electronica-influenced, dark dream pop and electropop track; its lyrical theme is female empowerment.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ Reviewers speculated that the song was also about the 2016 United States presidential election nominees Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium Digital Systems developed and licensed standards-based communications source code software to telecommunications equipment manufacturers for the wireless, broadband, Internet and telephone network infrastructure.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was an early company to license source code.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ The Trillium Digital Systems business entity no longer exists, but the Trillium communications software is still developed and licensed by RadiSys.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium software is used in the network infrastructure as well as associated service platforms, clients and devices.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was founded in February 1988 in Los Angeles, California.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ Attacks from the Future (original title in Spanish: Ataques Del Futuro) is an independent film series of fantasy–science fiction–adventure made by Calderón Productions, with some valuable help from \"Subsuelo Audio\" and \"Sobrelcielo Video\".", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ Most films have been made in Mexico, however, part of the series has been produced in Sweden and Finland.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ The films started with their first release on the big screen in 2005 with \"Attacks from the Future Episode I\".", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ After the success of the first film, Calderon Productions decided to continue making these films, thus the Saga was born.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ It includes two series.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The Findlay's Dendrobium (Dendrobium findleyanum) is a species of orchid.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ It is native to Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar) and to the Yunnan region of China.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The epithet is sometimes spelled \"findleyanum\", sometimes \"findleyanum\".", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The species was named for James Findlay.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ The picture was Welles's first feature film.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film of all time, \"Citizen Kane\" was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute \"Sight & Sound\" polls of critics, until it was displaced by \"Vertigo\" in the 2012 poll.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ It topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "PCIA - The Wireless Infrastructure Association __knowledge__ The Wireless Infrastructure Association (WIA, formerly known as PCIA) is an American trade association for wireless providers and companies that build cell phone towers, rooftop wireless sites, and other facilities that transmit wireless communication signals.", "PCIA - The Wireless Infrastructure Association __knowledge__ \"The Washington Post\" described the industry as \"the people who build all those cell towers so you can actually make those calls, download that data.\"", "PCIA - The Wireless Infrastructure Association __knowledge__ These technologies are collectively referred to as \"wireless telecommunications infrastructure.\"", "PCIA - The Wireless Infrastructure Association __knowledge__ Examples of companies that are members of WIA include American Tower, Boingo Wireless, Graybar, SOLiD, and Advanced RF Technologies.", "Powerwave Technologies __knowledge__ Powerwave Technologies, Inc. was a global telecommunications corporation, with solutions designed to amplify coverage, capacity and data speed in wireless communications networks.", "Powerwave Technologies __knowledge__ Its products supported wireless services worldwide by providing wireless infrastructure such as antennas, base station and coverage systems, covering all major frequency bands and air interfaces to support customers’ existing wireless networks as well as efforts to deploy next-generation 4G WiMAX and LTE systems.", "Powerwave Technologies __knowledge__ Powerwave Technologies filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 28 January 2013.", "Powerwave Technologies __knowledge__ Powerwave ceased operations by extending the bankruptcy to Chapter 7 on 10 June 2013.", "Indoor positioning system __knowledge__ An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a system to locate objects or people inside a building using radio waves, magnetic fields, acoustic signals, or other sensory information collected by mobile devices.", "Indoor positioning system __knowledge__ There are several commercial systems on the market, but there is no standard for an IPS system.", "Indoor positioning system __knowledge__ IPSes use different technologies, including distance measurement to nearby anchor nodes (nodes with known positions, e.g., WiFi access points), magnetic positioning, dead reckoning.", "Indoor positioning system __knowledge__ They either actively locate mobile devices and tags or provide ambient location or environmental context for devices to get sensed.", "RF Micro Devices __knowledge__ RF Micro Devices (also known as RFMD or RF Micro), was an American company that designed and manufactured high-performance radio frequency systems and solutions for applications that drive wireless and broadband communications.", "RF Micro Devices __knowledge__ Headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina, RFMD traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol RFMD.", "RF Micro Devices __knowledge__ The Company was founded in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1991.", "RF Micro Devices __knowledge__ RF Micro has 3500 employees, 1500 of them in Guilford County, North Carolina.", "RF Micro Devices __knowledge__ The company's products, predominantly radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and packaged modules that utilize them, were used in cellular networks and mobile phones, for wireless connectivity such as wireless LAN, GPS and Bluetooth, in cable modems and cable TV infrastructure, and for other applications including military radar.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using wireless networks.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA).", "Wireless security __knowledge__ WEP is a notoriously weak security standard.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ The password it uses can often be cracked in a few minutes with a basic laptop computer and widely available software tools.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999, which was outdated in 2003 by WPA, or Wi-Fi Protected Access.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ WPA was a quick alternative to improve security over WEP.", "Wireless security __knowledge__ The current standard is WPA2; some hardware cannot support WPA2 without firmware upgrade or replacement.", "Anaren __knowledge__ Anaren, Inc. provides high-frequency microwave microelectronics, components, and assemblies for wireless, aerospace, and defense electronics applications.", "Anaren __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in East Syracuse, NY and operates five manufacturing facilities, each of which is subsidiary of Anaren, Inc.", "Anaren __knowledge__ These include Anaren Microwave, Syracuse, NY; Anaren Ceramics, Salem, NH; MS Kennedy, Syracuse, NY; Unicircuit, Littleton, CO; and Anaren Communications, Suzhou, China.", "Anaren __knowledge__ Anaren was founded by Hugh A.", "Anaren __knowledge__ Hair and Carl W. Gerst in 1967.", "Anaren __knowledge__ Both were RF engineers who left General Electric to focus on a new company that would develop several new RF technologies, including the circuit-etching technologies called stripline manufacturing.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ Positive train control (PTC) is a system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements and is a type of train protection system.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ The term stems from control engineering.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ The train is only allowed to move in case of \"positive\" movement allowance.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ It generally improves the safety of railway traffic.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ Train protection systems are used to control traffic movement by technical means.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ They are especially needed in cases of high speed transportation, dense traffic with short succession of trains and mixed type traffic at widely differing speeds.", "Positive train control __knowledge__ Train protection systems were in practical testing at least since the beginning of the 1930s in Europe.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium Digital Systems developed and licensed standards-based communications source code software to telecommunications equipment manufacturers for the wireless, broadband, Internet and telephone network infrastructure.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was an early company to license source code.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ The Trillium Digital Systems business entity no longer exists, but the Trillium communications software is still developed and licensed by RadiSys.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium software is used in the network infrastructure as well as associated service platforms, clients and devices.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was founded in February 1988 in Los Angeles, California.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Jeff Lawrence (born November 14, 1957) is an entrepreneur, technologist and philanthropist.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Jeff was born in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ His father was Ray Lawrence and his mother was Grace Lawrence.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ He has two younger sisters, Connie and Lisa.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Jeff was married to Diane Troth, who died on November 30, 2016, and they have two children, Christopher and Kathy.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ He lived briefly in Northridge, California and New York, New York and grew up in Van Nuys, California and Studio City, California.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ He was very interested in science and technology as a child.", "Jeff Lawrence (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ While going to college Jeff worked at Butterfly Media Dimensions, a company founded by Allen Secher, a rabbi, civil rights activist, radio personality and television producer.", "Continuous Computing __knowledge__ Founded in 1998, Continuous Computing is a privately held company based in San Diego that provides telecom systems made up of telecom platforms and Trillium software, including protocol software stacks for femtocells and 4G wireless / Long Term Evolution (LTE).", "Continuous Computing __knowledge__ The company also sells standalone Trillium software products and ATCA hardware components, as well as professional services.", "Continuous Computing __knowledge__ Continuous Computing’s Trillium software addresses LTE Femtocells (Home eNodeB) and pico / macro eNodeBs, as well as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SWG) and Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG).", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Sound can be recorded and stored and played using either digital or analog techniques.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Both techniques introduce errors and distortions in the sound, and these methods can be systematically compared.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ An analog recording is one where a property or characteristic of a physical recording medium is made to vary in a manner analogous to the variations in air pressure of the original sound.", "Comparison of analog and digital recording __knowledge__ Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted (by a transducer such as a microphone) into an electrical analog signal in which either the instantaneous voltage or current is analogous to the instantaneous air pressure." ] ]

[ 0, 52, 45 ]

[ "hi,i love cinematography,it really interests me.", "I love Trillium Digital Systems,their equipment especially wireless infrastructure is interesting.", "Sure,wireless infrastructure includes Wi-Fi which is a wireless fidelity which is usually dedicated to a specific user as long as you have the password.it helps in accessing the internet" ]

[ "Cinematography", "Cinematography", "Cinematography" ]

[ "Karaoke\nI love to sing some karaoke, although I am not very good.", "but then there is no fun in that! What do you think?", "Singing", "I have not, what type of music do they do?", "Oh okay I understand. What kind of instruments are used then?", "Oh hey that's pretty cool but yeah that is not karaoke material lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Karaoke Revolution and its many sequels are video games for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Nintendo GameCube, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360, developed by Harmonix and Blitz Games and published by Konami in its Bemani line of music games.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Original Concept for Karaoke Revolution was created by Scott Hawkins and Sneaky Rabbit Studios.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Technology and concepts from the game were subsequently incorporated into Harmonix's game \"Rock Band\".", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The Japanese versions of the game are developed by Konami themselves.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ The gameplay also differs significantly.", "Karaoke Revolution __knowledge__ Rather than a game per se, it is merely a karaoke system for the PlayStation 2, with no judgments.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ This article provides a list of songs featured in the \"Karaoke Revolution\" series of games.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ 632 songs are in the game \"Note: These songlists include the names of the artists who most famously recorded the song.", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ The songs as they appear in the game are covers, with the exceptions being the song \"Dance Like There's No Tomorrow\", which is the master recording of the Paula Abdul song, and 10 original Mowtown songs in the Xbox version of Karaoke Revolution\" \"Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.\"", "List of Karaoke Revolution songs __knowledge__ Note: Italics denotes a \"locked\" song, requiring certain requirements to be met in order to be accessed.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ David Fyodorovich Tukhmanov PAR (, was born on July 20, 1940, in Moscow, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian composer.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ People's Artist of Russia (2000), State Prize of Russian Federation (2003).", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ Tukhmanov is the son of the engineer, the Armenian Fyodor Davidovich Tukhmanov and the teacher of music Vera Anatolyevna Karasyova.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ He had engaged in music under the direction of mother and wrote first piece of music (\"Lezginka\"), when he was four years old.", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ Then he finished Gnesins musical school (1958) and composer's branch of Gnesins Musical College (1963).", "David Tukhmanov __knowledge__ His degree's work was the oratorio for soloists, chorus and an orchestra \"Distance After Distance\", which is based on fragments of the big poem by Alexander Tvardovsky.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ The series centers on Tori Vega, a student of Hollywood Arts High School, who gets into wacky screwball situations on a daily basis.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori Vega (Victoria Justice) is the younger sister of Trina Vega and attends Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school, along with her sister.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ When Trina experiences an allergic reaction to a Chinese herb before a big showcase at school, Tori is volunteered by Andre to take her place since she knew the piece meant to be played.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori performs \"Make it Shine\" (the \"Victorious\" theme song) and everyone is impressed with her performance, including the principal, who offers her enrollment to the school." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Fun __knowledge__ Fun is the enjoyment of pleasure, particularly in leisure activities.", "Fun __knowledge__ Fun is an experience — often unexpected, informal, generally not cerebral and generally purposeless.", "Fun __knowledge__ It is an enjoyable distraction, diverting the mind and body from any serious task or contributing an extra dimension to it.", "Fun __knowledge__ Although particularly associated with recreation and play, fun may be encountered during work, social functions, and even seemingly mundane activities of daily living.", "Fun __knowledge__ It may often have little to no logical basis, and opinions on whether an activity is fun may differ.", "Fun __knowledge__ A distinction between enjoyment and fun is difficult but possible to articulate, fun being a more spontaneous, playful, or active event.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ \"The Food Wife\" is the fifth episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\".", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 13, 2011, and was seen by around 7.5 million people during this broadcast.", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ In the episode, Homer feels left out when Marge, Bart, and Lisa join a group of foodies.", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ Their personal blog quickly becomes popular and the trio is invited to a molecular gastronomy restaurant.", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ Feeling pity toward Homer, Marge invites him along.", "The Food Wife __knowledge__ However, after beginning to worry that he will reclaim his position as the parent perceived as the most fun by the children, she sends him to the wrong address.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell and drummer Sean Kinney, who then recruited bassist Mike Starr and lead vocalist Layne Staley.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Mike Starr was replaced in 1993 by Mike Inez.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ The band took its name from Staley's previous group, the glam metal band Alice N' Chains.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Although widely associated with grunge music, the band's sound incorporates heavy metal elements.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, three EPs, three live albums, four compilations, two DVDs, 30 music videos and 28 singles.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ Myles Richard Kennedy (born Myles Richard Bass; November 27, 1969) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Alter Bridge, and as the lead vocalist in guitarist Slash's backing band, known as Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ A former guitar instructor from Spokane, Washington, he has worked as a session musician and songwriter, making both studio and live appearances with several artists, and has been involved with several projects throughout his career.", "Myles Kennedy __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Northern Idaho and Spokane, Kennedy attended Spokane Falls Community College to study music theory.", "Jerry Cantrell __knowledge__ Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr. (born March 18, 1966) is an American musician who is best known as the founder, lead guitarist, co-lead vocalist and main songwriter for the rock band Alice in Chains.", "Jerry Cantrell __knowledge__ The band rose to international fame in the early 1990s during Seattle's grunge movement, and is known for its distinctive vocal style, and the harmonized vocals between Cantrell and Layne Staley (and later Cantrell and William DuVall).", "Jerry Cantrell __knowledge__ He also has a solo career and released the albums \"Boggy Depot\" in 1998 and \"Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2\" in 2002.", "Jerry Cantrell __knowledge__ Cantrell has also collaborated and performed with Heart, Ozzy Osbourne, Metallica, Circus of Power, Metal Church, Gov't Mule, Damageplan, Pearl Jam, The Cult, Danzig, Glenn Hughes, Duff McKagan and Deftones.", "Disney Sing-Along Songs __knowledge__ Disney Sing-Along Songs is a series of videos, laserdiscs and DVDs with musical moments from various Disney films, TV shows and attractions.", "Disney Sing-Along Songs __knowledge__ Lyrics for the songs are displayed on-screen with the Mickey Mouse icon as a \"bouncing ball\".", "Disney Sing-Along Songs __knowledge__ Early releases open with a theme song introduction (written by Patrick DeRemer) containing footage featuring Professor Owl and his class, seen originally in 1953 in two Disney shorts, \"Melody\" and \"Toot, Whistle, Plunk, and Boom\" (voiced then by Bill Thompson).", "Disney Sing-Along Songs __knowledge__ Professor Owl (now voiced by Corey Burton) hosts some of the videos, while either Ludwig Von Drake or Jiminy Cricket host others, and later volumes, as well as the two Christmas videos, did not have a host at all.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Regina Encarnacion Ansong Velasquez (; born April 22, 1970) is a Filipino singer, actress and record producer.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ She gained recognition by winning both the 1984 Ang Bagong Kampeon and the 1989 Asia-Pacific Song Contest, representing the Philippines in the latter.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Velasquez rose to fame with the release of \"Kung Maibabalik Ko Lang\" from her self-titled debut album in 1987.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ The album was generally well received and produced two more singles, \"Urong Sulong\" and \"Isang Lahi\", that established her as a commercially viable Filipino pop artist.", "Regine Velasquez __knowledge__ Velasquez signed a recording contract with Polygram Records in 1994 and released \"Listen Without Prejudice\", marking her debut as an up-and-coming artist in the Southeast and East Asian region.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ Diablo Swing Orchestra, also shortened DSO, is a Swedish avant-garde metal band formed in 2003.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ They have released four albums: \"The Butcher's Ballroom\" (2006), \"Sing Along Songs for the Damned & Delirious\" (2009), \"Pandora's Piñata\" (2012) and \"Pacifisticuffs\" (2017).", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ Known for its blend of different genres, the band mixes numerous influences, most prominently from heavy metal, rock, swing, progressive, and classical, although various other influences are frequently mentioned by critics.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ The line-up features several instrumentists uncommon for rock or metal bands, such as a cellist, a trumpeter, and a trombonist, while their albums often prominently feature string and brass sections." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques.", "Singing __knowledge__ A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.)", "Singing __knowledge__ that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band.", "Singing school __knowledge__ A singing school is a school in which students are taught to sightread vocal music.", "Singing school __knowledge__ Singing schools are a long-standing cultural institution in the Southern United States.", "Singing school __knowledge__ While some singing schools are offered for credit, most are informal programs.", "Singing school __knowledge__ Historically, singing schools have been strongly affiliated with Protestant Christianity.", "Singing school __knowledge__ Some are held under the auspices of particular Protestant denominations that maintain a tradition of a cappella singing, such as the Church of Christ and the Primitive Baptists.", "Singing school __knowledge__ Others are associated with Sacred Harp, Southern Gospel, and similar singing traditions, whose music is religious in character but sung outside the context of church services.", "Vocal pedagogy __knowledge__ Vocal pedagogy is the study of the art and science of voice instruction.", "Vocal pedagogy __knowledge__ It is used in the teaching of singing and assists in defining what singing is, how singing works, and how proper singing technique is accomplished.", "Vocal pedagogy __knowledge__ Vocal pedagogy covers a broad range of aspects of singing, ranging from the physiological process of vocal production to the artistic aspects of interpretation of songs from different genres or historical eras.", "Vocal pedagogy __knowledge__ Typical areas of study include: All of these different concepts are a part of developing proper vocal technique.", "Vocal pedagogy __knowledge__ Not all vocal teachers have the same opinions within every topic of study which causes variations in pedagogical approaches and vocal technique.", "Sacred Harp __knowledge__ Sacred Harp singing is a tradition of sacred choral music that originated in New England and was later perpetuated and carried on in the American South of the United States.", "Sacred Harp __knowledge__ The name is derived from \"The Sacred Harp,\" a ubiquitous and historically important tunebook printed in shape notes.", "Sacred Harp __knowledge__ The work was first published in 1844 and has reappeared in multiple editions ever since.", "Sacred Harp __knowledge__ Sacred Harp music represents one branch of an older tradition of American music that developed over the period 1770 to 1820 from roots in New England, with a significant, related development under the influence of \"revival\" services around the 1840s.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Overtone singing __knowledge__ Overtone singing – also known as overtone chanting, harmonic singing or throat singing – is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out of the lips to produce a melody.", "Overtone singing __knowledge__ The harmonics (fundamental and overtones) of a sound wave made by the human voice can be selectively amplified by changing the shape of the resonant cavities of the mouth, larynx and pharynx.", "Overtone singing __knowledge__ This resonant tuning allows singers to create apparently more than one pitch at the same time (the fundamental and a selected overtone), while actually generating only a single fundamental frequency with their vocal folds.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ Diablo Swing Orchestra, also shortened DSO, is a Swedish avant-garde metal band formed in 2003.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ They have released four albums: \"The Butcher's Ballroom\" (2006), \"Sing Along Songs for the Damned & Delirious\" (2009), \"Pandora's Piñata\" (2012) and \"Pacifisticuffs\" (2017).", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ Known for its blend of different genres, the band mixes numerous influences, most prominently from heavy metal, rock, swing, progressive, and classical, although various other influences are frequently mentioned by critics.", "Diablo Swing Orchestra __knowledge__ The line-up features several instrumentists uncommon for rock or metal bands, such as a cellist, a trumpeter, and a trombonist, while their albums often prominently feature string and brass sections.", "Petter Karlsson __knowledge__ Petter Karlsson (born May 31, 1977) is a multi instrumentalist and singer of Holocoaster and was a member of Swedish symphonic metal band Therion (2004–2008), and member of other several bands: Diablo Swing Orchestra, Snowy Shaw, Kajarr.", "Petter Karlsson __knowledge__ Petter Karlsson joined Therion in 2004.", "Petter Karlsson __knowledge__ He had a big impact on Therion's 13th album Gothic Kabbalah, and was involved in the writing of 9 of the 15 songs (Gothic Kabbalah, The Perennial Sophia, Wisdom and the Cage, Tuna 1613: Momentum Excitationis, Trul, Path to Arcady, TOF - The Trinity, Chain of Minerva (2012) and The Falling Stone).", "Petter Karlsson __knowledge__ In 2010 he co-wrote the music for the song Hellequin and did the lead vocals in 2012 on Therion's Sitra Ahra.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ Pacifisticuffs is the fourth studio album by Swedish avant-garde metal band Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ It was released on December 8, 2017.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ It is the first album with singer Kristin Evegård and drummer Johan Norbäck.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ Recorded between July and October 2016, the album was originally set for a late 2016 release, before mixing issues led to significant delays.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ It features a reworked version of their 2014 non-album single \"Jigsaw Hustle\", as well as two new singles, \"Knucklehugs\" released on November 3, and \"The Age of Vulture Culture\" released on December 1.", "Pacifisticuffs __knowledge__ In the tradition of the band, \"Pacifisticuffs\" blends various genres such as heavy metal, rock, swing, progressive, and classical; influences such as jazz, bluegrass, schlager, disco, folk, gospel, blues, tango, and latin were also noted, as was the transition to the more pop-like vocals of Evegård from the operatic style of former singer AnnLouice Lögdlund.", "Daniel Håkansson __knowledge__ Daniel Håkansson is a Swedish singer, guitarist and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the avant-garde metal band Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Daniel Håkansson __knowledge__ Despite Diablo Swing Orchestra credits all its members as songwriters, he considers himself as one of the two main songwriters with other guitarist Pontus Mantefors.", "Daniel Håkansson __knowledge__ Håkansson is one of the founding members of Diablo Swing Orchestra in 2003.", "Daniel Håkansson __knowledge__ The same year, the band released its first EP, \"Borderline Hymns\".", "Daniel Håkansson __knowledge__ Since the band has released four albums: \"The Butcher's Ballroom\" in 2006, \"Sing Along Songs for the Damned & Delirious\" in 2009, \"Pandora's Piñata\" in 2012 and \"Pacifisticuffs\" in 2017.", "Sing Along Songs for the Damned &amp; Delirious __knowledge__ Sing Along Songs for the Damned & Delirious is the second studio album by the Swedish experimental metal band Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Sing Along Songs for the Damned &amp; Delirious __knowledge__ It was released on September 21, 2009 on Ascendance Records.", "Sing Along Songs for the Damned &amp; Delirious __knowledge__ It was produced by In Flames producer Roberto Laghi at IF Studios in Gothenburg, Sweden.", "Sing Along Songs for the Damned &amp; Delirious __knowledge__ It is the last album to feature Andreas Halvardsson as drummer, and the first with trombonist Daniel Hedin and trumpeter Martin Isaksson.", "Sing Along Songs for the Damned &amp; Delirious __knowledge__ However Hedin and Isaksson joined the band as full-time members in 2011 only, with \"Sing Along Songs for the Damned & Delirious\" becoming the last album with the band being a sextet.", "Johannes Bergion __knowledge__ Johannes Bergion is a Swedish cellist, songwriter and backing vocalist, most known for being one of the founding members of avant-garde metal band Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Johannes Bergion __knowledge__ He also played cello in various Hellsongs albums, and in the In Flames album \"Sounds of a Playground Fading\".", "Johannes Bergion __knowledge__ Bergion is credited as one of the writers/composers of Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Johannes Bergion __knowledge__ However, according to Daniel Håkansson, the songs are mostly written by Håkansson and Pontus Mantefors.", "Pandora's Piñata __knowledge__ Pandora's Piñata is the third studio album by Swedish avant-garde metal band Diablo Swing Orchestra.", "Pandora's Piñata __knowledge__ It was released on May 14, 2012 in Europe through Candlelight Records and on May 22, 2012 in North America through Sensory Records.", "Pandora's Piñata __knowledge__ It is the last album with singer AnnLouice Lögdlund, and the only album to feature Petter Karlsson on drums; he left the band prior to the release in 2011, after recording his parts.", "Pandora's Piñata __knowledge__ It is also the first album to feature trombonist Daniel Hedin and trompeter Martin Isaksson as full-time members, with \"Pandora's Piñata\" becoming the first album with the band being an octet." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ This article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Japanese Army from their first use after World War I, into the interwar period, during World War II, the Cold War and modern era.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ The First World War established the validity of the tank concept.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ After the war, many nations needed to have tanks, but only a few had the industrial resources to design and build them.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ During and after World War I, Britain and France were the intellectual leaders in tank design, with other countries generally following and adopting their designs.", "Tanks in the Japanese Army __knowledge__ Japan took interest in tanks and procured some of the foreign designs, and then went to build its own.", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey is a country on the northeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroad of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus and South and Central Asia The roots of traditional music in Turkey span across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks migrated to Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences.", "Type system __knowledge__ In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.", "Type system __knowledge__ These types formalize and enforce the otherwise implicit categories the programmer uses for data structures and components (e.g.", "Type system __knowledge__ \"string\", \"array of float\", \"function returning boolean\").", "Type system __knowledge__ The main purpose of a type system is to reduce possibilities for bugs in computer programs by defining interfaces between different parts of a computer program, and then checking that the parts have been connected in a consistent way.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ The Compact Audio Cassette (CAC) or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called the cassette tape or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ It was released by Philips in 1963, having been developed in Hasselt, Belgium.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ Compact cassettes come in two forms, either already containing content as a pre-recorded cassette, or as a fully recordable \"blank\" cassette.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ Both forms are reversible by the user.", "Compact Cassette __knowledge__ The compact cassette technology was originally designed for dictation machines, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant the Stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional applications.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks employed by various military forces belonging to the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China within China.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ From the early half of the 20th century, tanks were initially obtained from other countries; eventually indigenously designed Chinese tanks started manufacture and became used during the Cold War and towards the modern era.", "Tanks in China __knowledge__ The first tanks and armored cars in Chinese hands were whatever imports they could acquire and some armoured vehicles they fashioned ad hoc, as China had few factories and a weak industrial base to build them.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch Heidevolk, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech).", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ The earliest folk metal bands were Skyclad from England and Cruachan from Ireland.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Skyclad's debut album \"The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth\" was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan’s early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet).", "Chinese orchestra __knowledge__ The term Chinese orchestra is most commonly used to refer to the modern Chinese orchestra that is found in China and various overseas Chinese communities.", "Chinese orchestra __knowledge__ This modern Chinese orchestra first developed out of Jiangnan sizhu ensemble in the 1920s into a form that is based on the structure and principles of a Western symphony orchestra but using Chinese instruments.", "Chinese orchestra __knowledge__ The orchestra is divided into four sections - wind, plucked strings, bow strings, and percussion, and usually performs modernized traditional music called \"guoyue\".", "Chinese orchestra __knowledge__ The orchestra may be referred to as \"Minzu Yuetuan\" or \"Minzu Yuedui\" in mainland China, \"Zhongyuetuan\" in Hong Kong, \"Huayuetuan\" in South East Asia, or \"Guoyuetuan\" in Taiwan, all meaning Chinese orchestra.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok is a filk band fronted by Rand Bellavia and Adam English.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The two met as undergraduates while attending Houghton College in 1988.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after a character from the Ruby-Spears Productions cartoon \"Thundarr the Barbarian\", created by Steve Gerber.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They provided the theme song to Disney's \"Fillmore!", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ \", and scored the feature film \"Bite Me, Fanboy!\"", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They have won four Pegasus Awards for excellence in filk music, and the 2014 Logan Award for Outstanding Original Comedy Song (\"Mwahaha\").", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok had the most requested song on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show in both 2012 (\"Tantric Yoda\") and 2013.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ In 2000 and 2003, the professional explorer, Phil Buck, led international teams across the Pacific Ocean from South America to Easter Island via two separate ancient style reed rafts.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Both vessels were constructed in their entirety from only four Andean materials; totora reeds, natural fiber rope, cotton sails and wood.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ No one in recorded history has been able to reach the most isolated populated island in the world aboard an any ancient style vessel of any kind.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ The Viracocha expeditions proved that ancient South American mariners could have been the first to discover Easter Island.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Who first reached the island and carved the numerous stone monoliths (or Moai) still remains one of antiquities greatest mysteries and has baffled the scientific community for centuries.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ \"You Made Me Realise\" is a song by alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine, and was released as a single and also the lead track to the EP of the same name on 8 August 1988 through Creation Records.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ It was their first record for Creation.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ Both the single and EP versions were released on 8 August 1988.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ The single version was limited to 1,000 copies.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ The Mercury Records version of the EP was released in November 1988 and added the tracks from its successor EP, \"Feed Me with Your Kiss\".", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ The promotional video was directed by ex-Jesus and Mary Chain bassist Douglas Hart.", "You Made Me Realise __knowledge__ The \"You Made Me Realise\" EP has been very well-received critically.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch Heidevolk, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech).", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ The earliest folk metal bands were Skyclad from England and Cruachan from Ireland.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Skyclad's debut album \"The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth\" was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan’s early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound.", "List of Viking metal bands __knowledge__ This is a list of Viking metal bands.", "List of Viking metal bands __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music with origins in black metal and Nordic folk music, characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "List of Viking metal bands __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than genre, but it is typically manifested as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "List of Viking metal bands __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both clean and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Black metal __knowledge__ Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music.", "Black metal __knowledge__ Common traits include fast tempos, a shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw (lo-fi) recording, unconventional song structures, and an emphasis on atmosphere.", "Black metal __knowledge__ Artists often appear in corpse paint and adopt pseudonyms.", "Black metal __knowledge__ During the 1980s, several thrash and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal.", "Black metal __knowledge__ This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost.", "Black metal __knowledge__ A second wave arose in the early-1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon and Gorgoroth.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Norway is a rather sparsely populated country in Europe (5 million inhabitants in an area of some excluding Svalbard and Jan-Mayen), but even so its music and its musical life are as complex as those of most other countries.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Much has been learned about early music in Norway from physical artifacts found during archaeological digs.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ These include instruments such as the lur.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Viking and medieval sagas also describe musical activity, as do the accounts of priests and pilgrims from all over Europe coming to visit St Olaf's grave in Trondheim.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ In the later part of the 19th century, Norway experienced economic growth leading to greater industrialization and urbanization.", "Music of Finland __knowledge__ The music of Finland can be roughly divided into the categories of folk music, classical and contemporary art music, and contemporary popular music.", "Music of Finland __knowledge__ The folk music of Finland is typically influenced by Karelian traditional tunes and lyrics of the \"Kalevala\" metre.", "Music of Finland __knowledge__ Karelian heritage has traditionally been perceived as the purest expression of Finnic myths and beliefs, thought to be spared from Germanic and Slavic influences.", "Music of Finland __knowledge__ In the west of the country, more mainstream Nordic folk music traditions prevail.", "Music of Finland __knowledge__ The Sami people of northern Finland have their own musical traditions, collectively Sami music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The term \"karaoke\" is also used by recording engineers to refer to an instrumental version of a recording (i.e., to a version of a recording with no vocal track).", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Many artists, amateur and professional, perform in situations where a full band/orchestra is either logistically or financially impractical, so they use a \"karaoke\" recording; they are, however, the original artists.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ (This is not to be confused with \"lip synching,\" in which a performer mimes to a previously produced studio recording with the lead vocal intact.)", "Karaoke __knowledge__ From 1961–1966, the American TV network NBC carried a karaoke-like series, \"Sing Along with Mitch\", featuring host Mitch Miller and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology.", "Karaoke __knowledge__ In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring \"Saturday Night Live\" characters and sketches introduced between September 25, 2010, and May 21, 2011, the thirty-sixth season of \"SNL\".", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Vanessa Bayer plays teen Disney Channel star Miley Cyrus as the exuberant host of her own talk show.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ (Theme song: \"I've got guests, and a show, and I'm ready to go!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ So I guess that's pretty cool!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ It's pretty cool!\")", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bryan Cranston played her father and house band leader Billy Ray Cyrus in the sketch's debut; he was replaced by Jason Sudeikis in later installments.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bayer performed her impression of Cyrus during her auditions for SNL.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "Discharge (band) __knowledge__ Discharge are a British rock band formed in 1977 by Terence \"Tezz\" Roberts and Royston \"Rainy\" Wainwright.", "Discharge (band) __knowledge__ While the band had substantial line-up changes over its history, the classic line-up from the early 1980s featured bassist Wainwright, drummer Gary Maloney, Anthony \"Bones\" Roberts playing guitar, and vocalist Kelvin \"Cal\" Morris.", "Discharge (band) __knowledge__ The band is characterized by a minimalistic approach to music and lyrics, using a heavy, distorted, and grinding guitar-driven sound and raw, shouted vocals similar to a political speech, with lyrics on anarchist and pacifist themes, over intense drone-like rhythms.", "Heavy metal drumming __knowledge__ Heavy metal drumming is a style of rock music drumkit playing that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Heavy metal drumming __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock drum playing, heavy metal drummers play with emphatic beats, and overall loudness using an aggressive performing style.", "Heavy metal drumming __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or \"metal\") drumming is traditionally characterized by emphatic rhythms and dense bass guitar-and-drum sound.", "Heavy metal drumming __knowledge__ The essence of metal drumming is creating a loud, constant beat for the band using the \"trifecta of speed, power, and precision\".", "Heavy metal drumming __knowledge__ Metal drumming \"requires an exceptional amount of endurance\", and drummers have to develop \"considerable speed, coordination, and dexterity ... to play the intricate patterns\" used in metal.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.", "Thrash metal __knowledge__ Thrash metal (or simply thrash) is a subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its overall aggression and often fast tempo.", "Thrash metal __knowledge__ The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work.", "Thrash metal __knowledge__ The lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach of The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk.", "Thrash metal __knowledge__ The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM)." ] ]

[ 6, 64, 51, 62, 52, 44 ]

[ "well maybe you should try sing-along songs instead as then you don't need the lead vocalist.", "Have you heard of the Diablo Swing Orchestra? They formed in 2003.", "Sorry? THe line up features instruments that you don't usually see in a metal band, like a cello. ", "Metal. Like Viking metal which is black metal with influences from Nordic folk music. Not good for karaoke!", "Kind of like heavy metal with differences in tempo and drumming style and the guitar playing style.", "Kind of like heavy metal with differences in tempo and drumming style and the guitar playing style." ]

[ "Karaoke", "Karaoke", "Karaoke", "Karaoke", "Karaoke", "Karaoke" ]

[ "Paddleboarding\nHave you ever been paddleboarding? It's so relaxing!", "When was the first paddleboard created?", "How large is a traditional paddleboard?", "I've only used my 1-man paddleboard. How many does the largest one hold?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is an offshoot of surfing that originated in Hawaii.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Unlike traditional surfing where the rider sits until a wave comes, stand up paddle boarders stand on their boards and use a paddle to propel themselves through the water.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ The sport was documented in a 2013 report that identified it as the outdoor sporting activity with the most first-time participants in the United States that year.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Variations include flat water paddling for outdoor recreation, fitness, or sightseeing, racing on lakes, large rivers and canals, surfing on ocean waves, paddling in river rapids (whitewater SUP), Paddle board yoga and even fishing.", "Tilgate Lake __knowledge__ Tilgate Lake is the biggest of three lakes at Tilgate Park, and remains a popular water activity centre and tourist attraction in Crawley, West Sussex.Tilgate Lake has a wide variety of outdoor activities open to the general public, such as archery, canoeing, fishing, kayaking, mountain biking, raft building, rowing, running, sailing, standup paddleboarding, swimming, team building, navigational challenges, tree climbing and zip trekking.", "Tilgate Lake __knowledge__ As part of the Upper Mole Flood Alleviation Scheme, the raising of the dam at Tilgate Lake was completed in 2011, to provide additional flood storage, protecting hundreds of homes vulnerable to flooding in Furnace Green, Pound Hill, Three Bridges, Tinsley Green and Horley.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Roray Kam (born Dec 27, 1961) is a surfer, a multiple-time winner of longboard surfing competitions and an early participant in stand up paddle boarding in South Florida.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ He is a surfing coach and the founder of RK Ocean Gear, and in 2013 resides in Fort Lauderdale, FL and works for the Broward County Sherriff’s Office.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam has hosted a number of Stand Up Paddleboard (SUP) events and races.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam was born in The Big Island of Hawaii.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ As a child he joined his father Raymond Kam in surfing, outrigger paddling, diving and fishing.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam entered the surfing competition circuit at the young age of 12, and placed in many surfing competitions in Hawaii as a young teenager.", "Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands __knowledge__ Saint Croix (; ; ; ; Danish and , Taino: \"Ay Ay\") is an island in the Caribbean Sea, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.", "Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands __knowledge__ St. Croix is the largest of the islands in the territory.", "Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands __knowledge__ However, the territory's capital, Charlotte Amalie, is located on Saint Thomas.", "Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, St. Croix's population was 50,601, its highest point is Mount Eagle, at .", "Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands __knowledge__ St. Croix's nickname is \"Twin City\", for its two towns on opposite ends of the island, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the east.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Its population was 85,287 at the 2010 census.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is also home to Newport Harbor.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The Upper Bay of Newport is a canyon, which was carved by a stream in the Pleistocene period.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The lower bay of Newport was formed much later by sand that was brought along by ocean currents, which constructed the offshore beach that is now recognized as the Balboa Peninsula of Newport Beach.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Before settlers reached the coasts of California, the Newport area and surrounding areas were very prominent Indian lands.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Indian shells and relics can still be found today scattered throughout the area.", "College Club of Seattle __knowledge__ The College Club of Seattle is a private club in Seattle, Washington that was founded in 1910.", "College Club of Seattle __knowledge__ As of 2016, the club has evolved into a rowing and water sport club on Lake Union and has 200 members.", "College Club of Seattle __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1910 by five Yale graduates (Thomas Babcock, Ralph Angell, St. Clair Dickinson, Bob Forbes and Bob Chase) and one graduate from the University of Wisconsin.", "College Club of Seattle __knowledge__ After signing up 50 members and choosing a president by the name of Charles P. Spooner, a Princeton graduate with a law degree from Wisconsin and on the University of Washington Board of Regents, the club moved into a rented suite of rooms on the second floor of the old federal court building on the corner of Fourth Ave. and Marion Street." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Fractional cascading __knowledge__ In computer science, fractional cascading is a technique to speed up a sequence of binary searches for the same value in a sequence of related data structures.", "Fractional cascading __knowledge__ The first binary search in the sequence takes a logarithmic amount of time, as is standard for binary searches, but successive searches in the sequence are faster.", "Fractional cascading __knowledge__ The original version of fractional cascading, introduced in two papers by Chazelle and Guibas in 1986 (; ), combined the idea of cascading, originating in range searching data structures of and , with the idea of fractional sampling, which originated in .", "Fractional cascading __knowledge__ Later authors introduced more complex forms of fractional cascading that allow the data structure to be maintained as the data changes by a sequence of discrete insertion and deletion events.", "Organ Pipes National Park __knowledge__ The Organ Pipes National Park, abbreviated as OPNP, is a national park located in the Central region of Victoria, Australia.", "Organ Pipes National Park __knowledge__ The protected area was established with the focus on conservation of the native flora and fauna, and preservation of the geological features in the Jacksons Creek, a part of the valley, north-west of Melbourne.", "Organ Pipes National Park __knowledge__ It is situated in a deep gorge in the grassy, basalt Keilor plains.", "Organ Pipes National Park __knowledge__ Within Organ Pipes National Park, the valley walls of Jacksons Creek expose Pleistocene volcanic rocks of the New Volcanic Group.", "Organ Pipes National Park __knowledge__ These 2.5 to 2.8 million year-old basalt lavas, commonly known as \"trap rock,\" fractured during cooling into vertically standing, hexagonal basalt columns.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. (born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina on October 17, 1956) is a member of the UCF Athletics Hall of Fame, a paddleboarder, surfer, adventurer, real estate agent and philanthropist.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ He is currently living in Ponce Inlet, Florida.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ A two-sport athlete for the University of Central Florida Fighting Knights in baseball and football, O'Shaughnessy was a defensive lineman for the University of Central Florida|UCF football team during the program’s first two seasons of play in 1979 and 1980.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ As a defensive end on Don Jonas’ inaugural football team, O’Shaughnessy, a Winter Park, Florida|Winter Park native, was one of the top defensive players the Knights fielded.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Mother Mathilde Raclot (born Marie Justine Raclot) was a 19th-century Catholic nun and missionary from the Sisters of the Infant Jesus who traveled to different countries in East Asia to set up Christian schools and orphanages.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In Singapore she founded the Infant Jesus Convent girls' school and later traveled to Japan where she established a hospice and homeless shelter.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In 2014 owing to her contributions to Singapore, Mother Mathilde Raclot was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Marie Justine Raclot was born in 1814 in the small village of Surriauville in Lorraine, France.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ As the daughter of the village mayor she was sent to a boarding school in Langres run by the Sisters of the Infant Jesus where she returned at the age of 18 to join the sisterhood.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ Ramona d'Viola (born October 30, 1958 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American cyclist.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ d'Viola was a member of the 1985 Women's US National Cycling Team and competed in the second Women's Tour de France known as the Tour Feminin.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ During 1984, 1985, and 1986, the women's TDF was held simultaneously with the men's race before being rescheduled, renamed (the Grand Boucle), and largely forgotten by the cycling community.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ In 2003, d'Viola captained the first team of women to attempt crossing the Florida Straits from Marina Hemingway, Cuba to Key West by paddleboard (110 miles).", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ The team was pulled from the water mid-crossing due to bad weather, however, a 2004 attempt proved successful.", "Block sort __knowledge__ Block sort, or block merge sort, is a sorting algorithm combining at least two merge operations with an insertion sort to arrive at in-place stable sorting.", "Block sort __knowledge__ It gets its name from the observation that merging two sorted lists, and , is equivalent to breaking into evenly sized \"blocks\", inserting each block into under special rules, and merging pairs.", "Block sort __knowledge__ One practical algorithm for O(log n) in place merging was proposed by Pok-Son Kim and Arne Kutzner in 2008.", "Block sort __knowledge__ The outer loop of block sort is identical to a bottom-up merge sort, where each \"level\" of the sort merges pairs of subarrays, and , in sizes of 1, then 2, then 4, 8, 16, and so on, until both subarrays combined are the array itself.", "Waterman (occupation) __knowledge__ A waterman is a river worker who transfers passengers across and along city centre rivers and estuaries in the United Kingdom and its colonies.", "Waterman (occupation) __knowledge__ Most notable are those on the River Thames and River Medway, but other rivers such as the River Tyne and River Dee, Wales also had their watermen who formed guilds in medieval times.", "Waterman (occupation) __knowledge__ Watermen or wherrymen were an essential part of early London.", "Waterman (occupation) __knowledge__ Using a small boat called a wherry or skiff they would ferry passengers along and across the river.", "Waterman (occupation) __knowledge__ With bad rural roads and narrow congested city streets, the Thames was the most convenient highway in the region.", "Outrigger canoe __knowledge__ The outrigger canoe (Ketagalan: \"bangka\"; Filipino: \"bangka\"; Indonesian: \"bangka\" or \"Jukung\"; New Zealand Māori: \"waka ama\"; Cook Islands Maori: \"vaka\"; Hawaiian: \"waa\"; Tahitian and Samoan: \"vaa\", Proto-Austronesian *waŋkaŋ) is a type of canoe featuring one or more lateral support floats known as outriggers, which are fastened to one or both sides of the main hull.", "Outrigger canoe __knowledge__ Smaller canoes often employ a single outrigger on the port side, while larger canoes may employ a single-outrigger, double-outrigger, or double-hull configuration (see also catamaran).", "Outrigger canoe __knowledge__ The sailing canoes are an important part of the Polynesian heritage and are raced and sailed in Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa and by the Māori of New Zealand.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ A dragon boat is a human-powered watercraft.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ They were traditionally made in the Pearl River Delta region of China's southern Guangdong Province out of teak wood (mostly imported from Pontianak, Indonesia) to various designs and sizes.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ In other parts of China, different kinds of wood are used to build these traditional watercraft.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ It is one of a family of traditional paddled long boats found throughout Asia, Africa, the Pacific islands and also Puerto Rico.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ Currently, boats are being made for competitive purposes out of carbon fiber and other lightweight materials.", "Dragon boat __knowledge__ Dragon boats are the basis of the team paddling sport of dragon boat racing, a watersport which has its roots in an ancient folk ritual of contending villagers, which has been held for over 2000 years throughout southern China.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking is the sport of paddling a kayak on a moving body of water, typically a whitewater river.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking can range from active, moving water, to demanding, extreme whitewater.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Paddling on rivers, lakes and oceans is as old as the Stone Age.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The raft, the catamaran, the canoe and the kayak evolved depending on the needs and environment of the indigenous peoples in different parts of the world.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The modern day kayak most likely originated about 8,000 years ago along the Siberian coast line by the Yupik and then transformed from the open canoe, via the Aleut and Inuit, into an enclosed kayak.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ Rowing, often referred to as crew in the United States, is a sport whose origins reach back to Ancient Egyptian times.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ It involves propelling a boat (racing shell) on water using oars.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ By pushing against the water with an oar, a force is generated to move the boat.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ The sport can be either recreational for enjoyment or fitness, or competitive, when athletes race against each other in boats.", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ There are a number of different boat classes in which athletes compete, ranging from an individual shell (called a single scull) to an eight-person shell with coxswain (called a coxed eight).", "Rowing (sport) __knowledge__ Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 10th century when races were held between professional watermen on the River Thames in London, United Kingdom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. (born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina on October 17, 1956) is a member of the UCF Athletics Hall of Fame, a paddleboarder, surfer, adventurer, real estate agent and philanthropist.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ He is currently living in Ponce Inlet, Florida.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ A two-sport athlete for the University of Central Florida Fighting Knights in baseball and football, O'Shaughnessy was a defensive lineman for the University of Central Florida|UCF football team during the program’s first two seasons of play in 1979 and 1980.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ As a defensive end on Don Jonas’ inaugural football team, O’Shaughnessy, a Winter Park, Florida|Winter Park native, was one of the top defensive players the Knights fielded.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Mother Mathilde Raclot (born Marie Justine Raclot) was a 19th-century Catholic nun and missionary from the Sisters of the Infant Jesus who traveled to different countries in East Asia to set up Christian schools and orphanages.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In Singapore she founded the Infant Jesus Convent girls' school and later traveled to Japan where she established a hospice and homeless shelter.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In 2014 owing to her contributions to Singapore, Mother Mathilde Raclot was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Marie Justine Raclot was born in 1814 in the small village of Surriauville in Lorraine, France.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ As the daughter of the village mayor she was sent to a boarding school in Langres run by the Sisters of the Infant Jesus where she returned at the age of 18 to join the sisterhood.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ Ramona d'Viola (born October 30, 1958 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American cyclist.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ d'Viola was a member of the 1985 Women's US National Cycling Team and competed in the second Women's Tour de France known as the Tour Feminin.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ During 1984, 1985, and 1986, the women's TDF was held simultaneously with the men's race before being rescheduled, renamed (the Grand Boucle), and largely forgotten by the cycling community.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ In 2003, d'Viola captained the first team of women to attempt crossing the Florida Straits from Marina Hemingway, Cuba to Key West by paddleboard (110 miles).", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ The team was pulled from the water mid-crossing due to bad weather, however, a 2004 attempt proved successful.", "2015 CrossFit Games __knowledge__ The 2015 CrossFit Games were held on July 21–26, 2015 at the StubHub Center in Carson, California.", "2015 CrossFit Games __knowledge__ Ben Smith, of Virginia, was the men's winner.", "2015 CrossFit Games __knowledge__ A Games competitor every year since 2009, this was his first win (he placed third in 2011 and 2013).", "2015 CrossFit Games __knowledge__ Smith secured the win in a dramatic final event by holding off 2014's second-place finisher Mat Fraser who many had predicted would be the 2015 champion.", "2015 CrossFit Games __knowledge__ Iceland's Katrin Davidsdottir, making her third Games appearance, was the women's winner, overtaking countrywoman Ragnheiður Sara Sigmundsdottir, who led for much of the competition, in the final event.", "Lake Mission Viejo __knowledge__ Lake Mission Viejo is a reservoir created for recreation in Mission Viejo, Orange County, California.", "Lake Mission Viejo __knowledge__ The reservoir is formed by an earthfill dam across the canyon of Oso Creek, which is part of the Trabuco Creek and San Juan Creek drainage basin.", "Lake Mission Viejo __knowledge__ The lake is not fed by urban runoff; it is maintained so as to be safe for contact.", "Lake Mission Viejo __knowledge__ The Lake Association owns and operates the Lake facilities which include approximately 124 surface acres of water and 50 acres of land, including Playa del Norte (North Beach) and Marina, Playa del Este (East Beach), parking facilities, Market on the Lake Dock and dam.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is an offshoot of surfing that originated in Hawaii.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Unlike traditional surfing where the rider sits until a wave comes, stand up paddle boarders stand on their boards and use a paddle to propel themselves through the water.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ The sport was documented in a 2013 report that identified it as the outdoor sporting activity with the most first-time participants in the United States that year.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Variations include flat water paddling for outdoor recreation, fitness, or sightseeing, racing on lakes, large rivers and canals, surfing on ocean waves, paddling in river rapids (whitewater SUP), Paddle board yoga and even fishing.", "Quimper Cathedral __knowledge__ Quimper Cathedral, properly the Cathedral of Saint Corentin of Quimper (), is a Roman Catholic cathedral and national monument of Brittany in France.", "Quimper Cathedral __knowledge__ It is located in the town of Quimper and is the seat of the Diocese of Quimper and Léon.", "Quimper Cathedral __knowledge__ St. Corentin was its first bishop.", "Quimper Cathedral __knowledge__ The cathedral is notable in that, unlike other Gothic cathedrals, it slightly bends in the middle to match the contours of its location, and avoid an area that was swampy at the time of the construction.", "Quimper Cathedral __knowledge__ The cathedral was the site of a devastating fire in 1620 when the bell tower was burned and the populace saw a green devil in the flames.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by performers to immobilize their opponents or lead to a submission.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ This article covers the various pins, stretches and transition holds used in the ring.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Some wrestlers use these holds as their finishing maneuvers, often nicknaming them to reflect their character or persona.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ An element borrowed from professional wrestling's catch wrestling origins, stretches (or submission holds) are techniques in which a wrestler holds another in a position that puts stress on the opponent's body.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Gunpowder is the first physical explosive and propellant.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Before its invention, many incendiary and burning devices had been used, including Greek fire.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ The invention of gunpowder is attributed to experimentation in Chinese alchemy by Taoists in the pursuit of immortality, and is popularly listed as one of the \"Four Great Inventions\" of China.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ It was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) but the earliest record of a written formula appeared in the Song dynasty (11th century).", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly throughout the Old World possibly as a result of the Mongol conquests during the 13th century, with written formula for it appearing in the 1267 \"Opus Majus\" treatise by Roger Bacon and a 1280 treatise by Hasan al-Rammah.", "Reformed worship __knowledge__ Reformed worship is religious devotion to God as conducted by Reformed or Calvinistic Christians, including Presbyterians.", "Reformed worship __knowledge__ Despite considerable local and national variation, public worship in most Reformed and Presbyterian churches is governed by the Regulative principle of worship.", "Reformed worship __knowledge__ Huldrych Zwingli, who began his reforming work in Zurich in 1518, introduced many radical changes to worship.", "Reformed worship __knowledge__ His Sunday service, instituted in 1519, was apparently derived from a liturgy called Prone, a late Medieval service which was sometimes held before, during, or after mass.", "Reformed worship __knowledge__ It contained the Lord's Prayer, a Hail Mary, a sermon, a remembrance of those who had died the previous week, another Lord's Prayer and Hail Mary, the Apostle's Creed, the Decalogue, confession, and absolution.", "International Shooting Sport Federation __knowledge__ The International Shooting Sport Federation, also known with the acronym ISSF, is the governing body of the Olympic Shooting events in Rifle, Pistol and Shotgun disciplines, and of several non-Olympic Shooting sport events.", "International Shooting Sport Federation __knowledge__ ISSF’s activities include regulation of the sport, Olympic qualifications and organization of international competitions such as the ISSF World Cup Series, the ISSF World Cup Finals, the ISSF Separate World Championship in Shotgun events and the ISSF World Championship in all events.", "International Shooting Sport Federation __knowledge__ Founded in 1907 as the International Shooting Union, and then changing its name in 1998, the ISSF affiliates nowadays over 150 National Shooting Federations from Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Victoria Drummond __knowledge__ Victoria Alexandrina Drummond MBE (1894–1978), was the first woman marine engineer in Britain and first woman member of Institute of Marine Engineers.", "Victoria Drummond __knowledge__ During World War II she served at sea as an engineering officer in the British Merchant Navy and received awards for bravery under enemy fire.", "Victoria Drummond __knowledge__ Victoria Drummond was born on 14 October 1894 at Errol, Perthshire, Scotland.", "Victoria Drummond __knowledge__ Her father was Captain Malcolm Drummond of Megginch, Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria and Deputy Lieutenant of Perthshire.", "Victoria Drummond __knowledge__ Her mother, Geraldine Margaret Tyssen-Amherst was the daughter of William Tyssen-Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst of Hackney.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. (born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina on October 17, 1956) is a member of the UCF Athletics Hall of Fame, a paddleboarder, surfer, adventurer, real estate agent and philanthropist.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ He is currently living in Ponce Inlet, Florida.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ A two-sport athlete for the University of Central Florida Fighting Knights in baseball and football, O'Shaughnessy was a defensive lineman for the University of Central Florida|UCF football team during the program’s first two seasons of play in 1979 and 1980.", "Thomas Michael O'Shaughnessy Jr. __knowledge__ As a defensive end on Don Jonas’ inaugural football team, O’Shaughnessy, a Winter Park, Florida|Winter Park native, was one of the top defensive players the Knights fielded.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Mother Mathilde Raclot (born Marie Justine Raclot) was a 19th-century Catholic nun and missionary from the Sisters of the Infant Jesus who traveled to different countries in East Asia to set up Christian schools and orphanages.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In Singapore she founded the Infant Jesus Convent girls' school and later traveled to Japan where she established a hospice and homeless shelter.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ In 2014 owing to her contributions to Singapore, Mother Mathilde Raclot was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ Marie Justine Raclot was born in 1814 in the small village of Surriauville in Lorraine, France.", "Mother Mathilde Raclot __knowledge__ As the daughter of the village mayor she was sent to a boarding school in Langres run by the Sisters of the Infant Jesus where she returned at the age of 18 to join the sisterhood.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ Ramona d'Viola (born October 30, 1958 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American cyclist.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ d'Viola was a member of the 1985 Women's US National Cycling Team and competed in the second Women's Tour de France known as the Tour Feminin.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ During 1984, 1985, and 1986, the women's TDF was held simultaneously with the men's race before being rescheduled, renamed (the Grand Boucle), and largely forgotten by the cycling community.", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ In 2003, d'Viola captained the first team of women to attempt crossing the Florida Straits from Marina Hemingway, Cuba to Key West by paddleboard (110 miles).", "Ramona d'Viola __knowledge__ The team was pulled from the water mid-crossing due to bad weather, however, a 2004 attempt proved successful.", "X-Men (film) __knowledge__ X-Men is a 2000 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "X-Men (film) __knowledge__ The film, directed by Bryan Singer and written by David Hayter, features an ensemble cast: Hugh Jackman, Patrick Stewart, Ian McKellen, Halle Berry, Famke Janssen, James Marsden, Bruce Davison, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Ray Park, Tyler Mane, and Anna Paquin.", "X-Men (film) __knowledge__ It depicts a world in which a small proportion of people are mutants, whose possession of superhuman powers makes them distrusted by normal humans.", "X-Men (film) __knowledge__ The film focuses on mutants Wolverine and Rogue as they are brought into a conflict between two groups that have radically different approaches to bringing about the acceptance of mutant-kind: Professor Xavier's X-Men, and the Brotherhood of Mutants, led by Magneto.", "Dow Jones Industrial Average __knowledge__ The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), also called the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow 30 or simply the Dow, is a stock market index of thirty major companies and one of several indices created by \"Wall Street Journal\" editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow.", "Dow Jones Industrial Average __knowledge__ The industrial average was first calculated on May 26, 1896.", "Dow Jones Industrial Average __knowledge__ Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices, which is majority owned by S&P Global, it is the most notable of the Dow Averages, of which the first (non-industrial) was originally published on February 16, 1885.", "Dow Jones Industrial Average __knowledge__ The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear (\"Ursus arctos\") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Cherokee–American wars __knowledge__ The Cherokee–American wars, also known as the Chickamauga Wars, were a series of back-and-forth raids, campaigns, ambushes, minor skirmishes, and several full-scale frontier battles in the Old Southwest from 1776 to 1795 between the Cherokee (\"Ani-Yunwiya\" or \"Nana Waiya\", \"Tsalagi\") and the Americans on the frontier.", "Cherokee–American wars __knowledge__ Most of the events took place in the Upper South.", "Cherokee–American wars __knowledge__ While their fight stretched across the entire period, there were times, sometimes ranging over several months, of little or no action.", "Cherokee–American wars __knowledge__ The Cherokee leader Dragging Canoe (who has been recorded to have been in early Mobile Alabama), whom some historians call \"the Savage Napoleon\", and his warriors and other Cherokee fought alongside and in conjunction with Indians from a number of other tribes both in the Old Southwest and in the Old Northwest, most often Muscogee (\"Muskokulke\") in the former and the Shawnee (\"Saawanwa\") in the latter.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the sense that soils consist of a heterogeneous mixture of fluids (usually air and water) and particles (usually clay, silt, sand, and gravel) but soil may also contain organic solids and other matter.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Along with rock mechanics, soil mechanics provides the theoretical basis for analysis in geotechnical engineering, a subdiscipline of civil engineering, and engineering geology, a subdiscipline of geology.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, or structures that are buried in soils.", "Squamish people __knowledge__ The Squamish people (or in the \"Squamish language (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim)\" Skwxwú7mesh , sometimes seen in English as Skwxwu7mesh (The \"7\" represents a glottal stop), historically transliterated as Sko-ko-mish) are an indigenous people in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.", "Squamish people __knowledge__ In 2012, there was population of 3,893 band members registered with the Squamish Nation.", "Squamish people __knowledge__ Their language is the Squamish language or \"Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim\", considered a part of the Coast Salish languages, and is categorized as nearly extinct with just 10 fluent speakers as of 2010.", "Squamish people __knowledge__ The traditional territory covered Point Grey as the southern border." ] ]

[ 5, 2, 0, 3 ]

[ "I sure do! me and my buddies can paddlers can stroke for hours and we often have races is only, But its only for well-trained watermen.", "Well traditionally it was called prone or kneeling paddleboarding, So it must have been around 16th last century by my knowledge. ", "Well they are about the size of a canoe but usually no larger, But they can vary in size depending on how many people it accommodates. ", "Im not sure actually, I know that one man boards, you can usually stand up and paddle surf which seems like a lot of fun. " ]

[ "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding" ]

[ "Lady Gaga", "What does she do?", "What are some of her songs?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "Phineas Gage __knowledge__ Phineas P. Gage (18231860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his lifeeffects sufficiently profound (for a time at least) that friends saw him as \"no longer Gage\".", "Phineas Gage __knowledge__ Long known as the \"American Crowbar Case\"once termed \"the case which more than all others is to excite our wonder, impair the value of prognosis, and even to subvert our doctrines\"Phineas Gage influenced 19-century discussion about the mind and brain, debate on cerebral, and was perhaps the first case to suggest the brain's role in , and that damage to specific parts of the brain might induce specific changes.", "Thomas Gage __knowledge__ General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British Army officer best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as military commander in the early days of the American Revolution.", "Thomas Gage __knowledge__ Being born to an aristocratic family in England, he entered military service, seeing action in the French and Indian War, where he served alongside his future opponent George Washington in the 1755 Battle of the Monongahela.", "Thomas Gage __knowledge__ After the fall of Montreal in 1760, he was named its military governor.", "Thomas Gage __knowledge__ During this time he did not distinguish himself militarily, but proved himself to be a competent administrator.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ This article lists characters of the television series \"Emergency!\".", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ Roy DeSoto is portrayed by actor Kevin Tighe.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ DeSoto worked with partner John Gage as a firefighter/paramedic for the Los Angeles County Fire Department at Station 51.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He first met Gage when he was recruiting personnel for the newly designated paramedic program, of which he was in the first group of six graduates.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He assisted the physicians with instruction during Gage's class at Rampart General Hospital, where his mentors were Dr. Kelly Brackett, Nurse Dixie McCall, and Dr. Joe Early.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He was married, and had a son (Chris) and a daughter who was never canonically named, though only his wife, Joanne, appeared in the pilot of the series.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ Henry Tifft Gage (December 25, 1852 – August 28, 1924) was an American lawyer, politician and diplomat.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ A Republican, Gage was elected to a single term as the 20th governor of California from 1899 to 1903.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ Gage was also the U.S. Minister to Portugal for several months in 1910.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ Gage was born on Christmas Day, 1852 in Geneva, New York.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ Relocating with his family to East Saginaw, Michigan, Gage spent his teenage years in Michigan, studying law with his lawyer father.", "Henry Gage __knowledge__ In 1873 at the age of twenty-one, Gage was admitted to the Michigan Bar, working for his father's law practice in East Saginaw for over a year.", "Nick Gage __knowledge__ Nicholas W. Wilson is an American professional wrestler, best known for his work in Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW).", "Nick Gage __knowledge__ Wilson currently wrestles under the ring name Nick Gage in Game Changer Wrestling (GCW) and various promotions on the independent circuit.", "Nick Gage __knowledge__ Along with being the first-ever CZW World Heavyweight Champion, until early 2011, Gage had wrestled at nearly every CZW show and had competed in more CZW matches than any other wrestler.", "Nick Gage __knowledge__ In addition to these accomplishments, he has held the World Tag Team, Iron Man, Ultraviolent Underground, and Death Match championships during his CZW career.", "Nick Gage __knowledge__ Gage's brother Chris Wilson is also a professional wrestler and performed in CZW under the ring name Justice Pain.", "N-Gage (service) __knowledge__ The N-Gage service (also referred to as N-Gage 2.0) was a mobile gaming platform from Nokia that was available for several Nokia smartphones running on S60 (Symbian).", "N-Gage (service) __knowledge__ N-Gage provided numerous games with 3D graphics into an application featuring online (via N-Gage Arena) and social features.", "N-Gage (service) __knowledge__ It takes its name from the original 2003 N-Gage gaming device, which it succeeded.", "N-Gage (service) __knowledge__ The N-Gage platform was compatible with: Nokia N78, N79, N81, N81 8GB, N82, N85, N86, N86 8MP, N95, N95 8GB, N96, N97, Nokia 5320 XpressMusic, 5630 XpressMusic, 5730 XpressMusic Nokia 6210 Navigator, 6710 Navigator, 6720 Classic, E52, E55 and E75.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ The Medway and its tributaries and sub-tributaries have been used for over 1,150 years as a source of power.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ There are over two hundred sites where the use of water power is known.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ These uses included corn milling, fulling, paper making, iron smelting, pumping water, making gunpowder, vegetable oil extraction, and electricity generation.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ Today, there is just one watermill working for trade.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ Those that remain have mostly been converted.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ Such conversions include a garage, dwellings, restaurants, museums and a wedding venue.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ Some watermills are mere derelict shells, lower walls or lesser remains.", "Medway watermills (upper tributaries) __knowledge__ Of the majority, there is nothing to be seen." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Daina is the traditional name of vocal folk music in the Baltic languages, and is preserved in Lithuania and Latvia.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Lithuanian \"dainos\" (literally, \"songs\") are often noted not only for their mythological content, but also for relating historical events.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Most Lithuanian folk music is based around various types of \"dainos\", which include romantic songs, wedding songs, as well as work songs, and archaic war songs.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ These \"dainos\" are performed either solo, or in groups, and in parallel chords or unison.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, multi-voiced homophony, heterophony and polyphony.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Since 1992, Kabir Suman recorded a number of studio albums and soundtracks.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Most of those were his self-created songs sung by himself.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ However, his self-created songs were sung by many other artists also.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Beside this, he has recorded some songs which were created by Rabindra nath Tagore & composed by Himanshu Dutta.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Kabir Suman, recorded a number of albums between 1992 and 1999 under the name Suman Chattopaddhyay or Suman Chatterjee.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ In April 1992, Suman published his first album ‘Tomake Chai’, which had 12 songs.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ All songs were sung, written and composed by him.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Except 3 songs, all songs were accompanied by either electronic keyboard, or acoustic guitar, or both (mixed by a four track tape recorder and hardware sequencer) by him alone; those 3 songs were accompanied by tabla and percussion by other artists.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ The tradition of protest songs in the United States is a long one that dates back to the 18th century and colonial period, the American Revolutionary War and its aftermath.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 19th century topical subjects for protest in song included abolition, slavery, poverty, and the Civil War amongst other subjects.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 20th century civil liberties, civil rights, women's rights, economic injustice, politics and war were among the popular subjects for protest in song.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 21st century the long tradition continues.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ 19th-century protest songs dealt, for the most part, with three key issues: war, and the Civil War in particular (such as \"Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye\" from Ireland, and its American variant, \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\", among others); the abolition of slavery (\"Song of the Abolitionist\" \"\"No More Auction Block for Me\"\", \"Oh Freedom\", and \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child\", among others); and women's suffrage, both for and against in both Britain and the U.S. Hutchinson Family Singers were one of the protest voices in America at the time.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Protest song __knowledge__ A protest song is a song that is associated with a movement for social change and hence part of the broader category of \"topical\" songs (or songs connected to current events).", "Protest song __knowledge__ It may be folk, classical, or commercial in genre.", "Protest song __knowledge__ Among social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labor movement, the human rights movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement and 1960s counterculture, the feminist movement, the sexual revolution, the gay rights movement, animal rights movement, vegetarianism and veganism, gun control, and environmentalism.", "Protest song __knowledge__ Protest songs are often situational, having been associated with a social movement through context.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Joanne is the fifth studio album by American singer Lady Gaga.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 21, 2016, by Streamline and Interscope Records.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was led by Mark Ronson, Gaga herself and BloodPop, alongside a variety of collaborators including Kevin Parker, Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Josh Homme.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The music of \"Joanne\" features \"stripped-down\" soft rock and dance-pop styles in order to emphasize the singer's vocal abilities.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the album delves on the theme of family and life's emotions, with the death of her aunt, Joanne Stefani Germanotta, having a deep influence on the record.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The Fame Monster is a reissue of American singer Lady Gaga's debut studio album, \"The Fame\" (2008), and was released on November 18, 2009, through Interscope Records.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ Initially planned solely as a deluxe edition reissue of \"The Fame\", Interscope later decided to release the eight new songs as a standalone EP in some territories.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The decision was also because Gaga believed the re-release was too expensive and that the albums were conceptually different, describing them as yin and yang.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The deluxe edition is a double album featuring the eight new songs on the first disc and \"The Fame\" on the second disc.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ It was released as the fifth and final single from her second studio album, \"Born This Way\" (2011).", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Lady Gaga and Fernando Garibay, and was recorded on the tour bus during The Monster Ball Tour with Garibay.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ Revealed in February 2011, the song was inspired by the energy of Gaga's previous song \"Dance in the Dark\" and the love for her hometown, New York City.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was released for promotion on Farmville, six days before the release of \"Born This Way\".", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a dance-pop and synthpop song influenced by electro rock and house music.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour was the second worldwide concert tour by American singer Lady Gaga.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Staged in support of her extended play \"The Fame Monster\" (2009) and comprising a set list of songs from that and her debut album \"The Fame\" (2008), the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 2009 through 2011.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Described as \"the first-ever pop electro opera\" by Gaga, the tour was announced in October 2009 after an intended joint concert tour with hip-hop artist Kanye West was suddenly canceled.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour commenced four days after the release of \"The Fame Monster\" in November 2009.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ A revision of the tour occurred after only a few months of performances, due to Gaga's concern that the original version was constructed within a very short span of time.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ \"Bad Romance\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009).", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Gaga and RedOne.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Bad Romance\" explores Gaga's attraction to individuals with whom romance never works, her preference for lonely relationships and the paranoia she experienced while on tour.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Following an illegal demo leak, Gaga showcased the final product at Alexander McQueen's show at the Paris Fashion Week in October 2009, followed by the release of the single's cover art.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Musically, \"Bad Romance\" features a spoken bridge, a full-throated chorus and sung lyrics about being in love with one's best friend.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ \"Lisa Goes Gaga\" is the twenty-second and final episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\".", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 20, 2012.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ In the episode, American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga makes a visit to Springfield, where all of its residents are in a state of depression.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ Main character Lisa Simpson is arguably the most depressed person in the city, prompting Gaga to go out of her way to teach Lisa the meaning of happiness.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ The episode was written by Tim Long and directed by Matthew Schofield.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga guest-starred in the episode, portraying an animated version of herself." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 6 ]

[ "Lady Gage is known for being unconventional and provocative.", "Lady Gaga is a singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Her fame came about after hits like \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\"." ]

[ "Lady Gaga", "Lady Gaga", "Lady Gaga" ]

[ "Christianity\nI am a Christian.", "I go to church every Sunday.", "You should give it another chance.", "I lost my faith also, but I found it again." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal, also known as white metal, Jesus metal or heavenly metal, is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal bands exist in most of the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal bands are the lyrics.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter.", "Christian Cage __knowledge__ William Jason Reso (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor, podcaster and retired professional wrestler.", "Christian Cage __knowledge__ He is best known for his time in WWE under the ring name Christian, a shortened version of his original ring name Christian Cage that was also used during his tenure in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.", "Christian Cage __knowledge__ Reso was trained by former professional wrestlers Ron Hutchison and Dory Funk Jr., and made his wrestling debut in May 1992.", "Christian Cage __knowledge__ Reso wrestled in Canadian independent promotions early in his career, where he frequently competed in singles and tag team competition with longtime best friend Adam Copeland.", "Christian Clarke __knowledge__ Christian Clarke is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", portrayed by John Partridge.", "Christian Clarke __knowledge__ He first appeared in the show's 3,509th episode, originally broadcast in the United Kingdom on 17 January 2008, and was introduced as the brother of established character Jane Beale (Laurie Brett).", "Christian Clarke __knowledge__ He was introduced as a new homosexual character for the show, following the popularity of \"Coronation Street\" Sean Tully (Antony Cotton).", "Christian Clarke __knowledge__ Christian and Partridge's casting were announced on 20 November 2007.", "Christian Clarke __knowledge__ Christian's storylines have mostly revolved around his relationship with Syed Masood (Marc Elliott), but his other storylines have included a friendship with Roxy Mitchell (Rita Simons) and being involved in the coming out storylines of both Steven Beale (Aaron Sidwell) and Ben Mitchell (Joshua Pascoe).", "Christian Science __knowledge__ Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices belonging to the metaphysical family of new religious movements.", "Christian Science __knowledge__ It was developed in 19th-century New England by Mary Baker Eddy, who argued in her 1875 book \"Science and Health\" that sickness is an illusion that can be corrected by prayer alone.", "Christian Science __knowledge__ The book became Christian Science's central text, along with the Bible, and by 2001 had sold over nine million copies.", "Christian Science __knowledge__ Eddy and 26 followers were granted a charter in 1879 to found the Church of Christ, Scientist, and in 1894 the Mother Church, The First Church of Christ, Scientist, was built in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Christian right __knowledge__ Christian right or religious right is a term used mainly in the United States to label conservative Christian political factions that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies.", "Christian right __knowledge__ Christian conservatives principally seek to apply their understanding of the teachings of Christianity to politics and to public policy by proclaiming the value of those teachings or by seeking to use those teachings to influence law and public policy.", "Christian right __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Christian right is an informal coalition formed around a core of evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics.", "Christian right __knowledge__ The Christian right draws additional support from politically conservative mainline Protestants, Jews, and Mormons.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era based on the biblical account of Jesus to the present day.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.", "Christian democracy __knowledge__ Christian democracy is a political ideology and a form of paternalistic conservatism that advocates for a commitment to social market principles and qualified interventionism.", "Christian democracy __knowledge__ Christian democracy emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching, While Protestantism is associated with the idea of salvation through individual effort and has often recognized to endorse individualism; lauding the value of hard work, competition and personal responsibility.", "Christian democracy __knowledge__ Catholic social theory has traditionally focused upon the social group rather than the individual and has stressed organic harmony rather than competition.It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ideas and traditional Christian values." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ Markets in Sydney offer an extensive range of produce, new and second-hand merchandise.", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ There are both outdoor and covered markets in Sydney, Australia.", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ Opera House Market has been running for over 12 years, and has up to 40 stalls with Australian made products including art and craft works, jewellery, paintings, fragrances, clothing and souvenirs.", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ The market is closed for renovations.", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ Paddy's Markets are located at Haymarket (near Chinatown) and are part of Sydney Markets at Flemington (near Sydney Olympic Park).", "List of markets in Sydney __knowledge__ The markets cater for both locals and tourists and are home to over 1,000 stalls that sell almost everything from fashion and accessories, sporting goods, fresh fruits and vegetables, pet supplies, clothing, electrical goods, arts and crafts, and souvenirs.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ Sunday shopping or Sunday trading refers to the ability of retailers to operate stores on Sunday, a day that Christian tradition typically recognises as a day of rest.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ Rules governing shopping hours, such as Sunday shopping, vary around the world but some countries and subnational jurisdictions continue to ban or restrict Sunday shopping.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ Sunday shopping has its main argument in the consumer welfare.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ Extended opening hours afford more time to individuals in order to make their choices.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ They allow individuals to avoid peak shopping hours and having to queue in their free time.", "Sunday shopping __knowledge__ A deontological argument based on individualist principles holds that business owners should be free to set whatever hours they please and to hire whatever workers are available, able, and willing to work during those hours.", "Drumcree conflict __knowledge__ The Drumcree conflict or Drumcree standoff is an ongoing dispute over yearly parades in the town of Portadown, Northern Ireland.", "Drumcree conflict __knowledge__ The Orange Order (a Protestant, unionist organization) insists that it should be allowed to march its traditional route to-and-from Drumcree Church (see map).", "Drumcree conflict __knowledge__ However, most of this route is through the mainly Catholic/Irish nationalist part of town.", "Drumcree conflict __knowledge__ The residents, who see the march as sectarian, triumphalist and supremacist, have sought to ban it from their area.", "Drumcree conflict __knowledge__ The Orangemen see this as an attack on their traditions; they had marched the route since 1807, when the area was mostly farmland.", "Efrem Zimbalist Jr. __knowledge__ Efrem Zimbalist Jr. (November 30, 1918 – May 2, 2014) was an American actor known for his starring roles in the television series \"77 Sunset Strip\" and \"The F.B.I.\"", "Efrem Zimbalist Jr. __knowledge__ He is also known as recurring character \"Dandy Jim Buckley\" in the series \"Maverick\" and as the voice behind the character Alfred Pennyworth in \"\" and associated spin-offs.", "Efrem Zimbalist Jr. __knowledge__ He also voiced Doctor Octopus in the 1990s \"Spider-Man\" animated series and the 2000 PC, Dreamcast and Playstation \"Spider-Man\" action-adventure video game, and Justin Hammer from the second season of the 1994 \"Iron Man\" animated series.", "Efrem Zimbalist Jr. __knowledge__ Zimbalist was born in New York City, the son of Jewish parents.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ Jesus Piece is the fifth studio album by American West Coast hip hop recording artist The Game, released on December 11, 2012, by DGC Records and Interscope Records, his last release on the label.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ Within a three-year gap between Game's third album, \"LAX\" (2008), and his follow-up, \"The R.E.D.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ Album\" (2011), before the latter was finally released in August 2011.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ The \"R.E.D.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ Album\" was a fall from his previous three released album sales, but became Game's third number one album on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Jesus Piece (album) __knowledge__ Shortly after the release of the long delayed album, Game announced he had begun work on his fifth studio album.", "Ciclovía __knowledge__ Ciclovía (, ), also \"ciclovia\" or \"cyclovia\", is a Spanish term that means \"cycleway\", either a permanent bike path or the closing of certain streets to automobiles for cyclists and pedestrians, a practice sometimes called open streets.", "Ciclovía __knowledge__ Each Sunday and public holiday from 7 am until 2 pm certain main streets of Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, and other municipalities are blocked off to cars for runners, skaters, and bicyclists.", "Ciclovía __knowledge__ At the same time, stages are set up in city parks.", "Ciclovía __knowledge__ Aerobics instructors, yoga teachers and musicians lead people through various performances.", "Ciclovía __knowledge__ Bogotá's weekly ciclovías are used by approximately 2 million people (about 30% of the population) on over 120 km of car-free streets.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ The Eucharist (; also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper, among other names) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ According to the New Testament, the rite was instituted by Jesus Christ during his Last Supper; giving his disciples bread and wine during the Passover meal, Jesus commanded his followers to \"do this in memory of me\" while referring to the bread as \"my body\" and the wine as \"my blood\".", "Eucharist __knowledge__ Through the Eucharistic celebration Christians remember Christ's sacrifice of himself on the cross.", "Eucharist __knowledge__ The elements of the Eucharist, bread (leavened or unleavened) and wine (or grape juice), are consecrated on an altar (or table) and consumed thereafter.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ Merupu Daadi or Merupudadi is a 1984 Telugu action-adventure Western film directed by Ramachandra Rao P.N.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ Written and produced by Giri Babu; and Music composed by Ilayaraja.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ This successful movie was released in the banner of Sri Bramarambika films and was shot in Talakona forests of Chittoor district.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ Professor Varma discovers a hidden treasure belonging to Ratnagiri Dynasty, by his researching ancient books and maps.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ Professor Varma decides to achieve the treasure, by gathering a team of some brave people.", "Merupu Daadi __knowledge__ Bhanu, an orphan cowboy robs a bank, but the loot is robbed by Raja, another orphan cowboy.", "Blasphemy law __knowledge__ A blasphemy law is a law relating to blasphemy, or irreverence toward holy personages, religious artefacts, customs, or beliefs.", "Blasphemy law __knowledge__ In the past blasphemy laws protected the majority religion within a jurisdiction from irreverence but there is now a trend to repeal all blasphemy and religious offence laws.", "Blasphemy law __knowledge__ National and international experts and bodies looking at human rights, freedom of expression, freedom of religion and belief, and violence based on religion or belief have consistently found that blasphemy laws conflict with freedom of religion and belief, freedom of expression, and with international law.", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler __knowledge__ Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs have been a matter of debate; the wide consensus of historians consider him to have been irreligious and anti-Christian.", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler __knowledge__ In light of evidence such as his vocal rejection of the tenets of Christianity, numerous private statements to confidants denouncing Christianity as a harmful superstition, and his strenuous efforts to reduce the influence and independence of Christianity in Germany after he came to power, Hitler's major academic biographers conclude that he was irreligious and an opponent of Christianity.", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler __knowledge__ Historian Laurence Rees found no evidence that \"Hitler, in his personal life, ever expressed belief in the basic tenets of the Christian church\".", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "Bahá'í Faith in Russia __knowledge__ The history of the Bahá'í Faith (Вера Бахаи) in Russia began soon after the founding in 1844 of the Bábí religion, viewed by Bahá'ís as the direct predecessor of the Bahá'í Faith, with Russian diplomats to Qajar Persia observing, reacting to, and sending updates about the Bábís.", "Bahá'í Faith in Russia __knowledge__ The woman later known as Táhirih, who played a central role in the religion of the Báb, was from an influential clerical family from Azerbaijan, which was then ruled by Russia.", "Bahá'í Faith in Russia __knowledge__ Russian diplomats later protected Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, before and after his exile from Persia.", "Bahá'í Faith in Russia __knowledge__ Around 1884, the religion began to spread into the Russian Empire, where the Bahá'í community in Ashgabat built the first Bahá'í House of Worship, elected one of the first Bahá'í local administrative institutions and became a center of scholarship.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christendom, and the Church with its various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity spread to all of Europe in the Middle Ages.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity expanded throughout the world and became the world's largest religion due to European colonialism.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ Today there are more than two billion Christians worldwide.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ During its early history, Christianity grew from a 1st-century Jewish following to a religion that existed across the entire Greco-Roman world and beyond.", "History of Christianity __knowledge__ Early Christianity may be divided into 2 distinct phases: the apostolic period, when the first apostles were alive and led the Church, and the post-apostolic period, when an early episcopal structure developed, and persecution was periodically intense." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ \"Don't Stand Another Chance\" is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson, included on her second studio album, \"Dream Street\" (1984).", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ It was written by Janet Jackson, her brother Marlon Jackson and John Barnes.", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ Marlon also produced it, and provided backing vocals along with his brothers Michael, Tito, and Jackie.", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ \"Don't Stand Another Chance\" was released as the lead single from \"Dream Street\" on August 13, 1984 by A&M Records.", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ \"Don't Stand Another Chance\" received generally positive reviews from critics.", "Don't Stand Another Chance __knowledge__ Although it did not chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the song managed to reach number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.", "2012 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ The 2012 Football League Cup Final was a football match between Cardiff City and Liverpool on 26 February 2012 at Wembley Stadium, London.", "2012 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ It was the final match of the 2011–12 Football League Cup, the 52nd season of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in the Premier League and the Football League.", "2012 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ Cardiff were appearing in their first final, while Liverpool were appearing in the final for the eleventh time; they had previously won seven and lost three finals.", "2012 Football League Cup Final __knowledge__ As Cardiff were in the Football League, they played one more round than Liverpool who received a bye in the first round.", "First Contact (album) __knowledge__ First Contact is the debut studio album by American house producer Roger Sanchez, released in July 2001 by Defected Records.", "First Contact (album) __knowledge__ After establishing himself as a popular DJ and remixer throughout the 1990s, Sanchez decided he wanted to create more of his own music and record a studio album, feeling he had \"a bit of a story to tell with [his life],\" and conceived the album to be a very personal \"reflection of his life\", recording the album from 1997–2001.", "First Contact (album) __knowledge__ Music critics have described \"First Contact\" as a disco house album which displays a disparate array of influences and styles, including garage, Latin and electro.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ The fourth season of \"Objetivo Fama\" began on February 3, 2007 with a pre-show in Los Angeles, California where they announced the final 20 contestants out of 30 semi-finalists.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ The season officially started on February 10.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ This season the judges are Roberto Sueiro, Hilda Ramos, and Fernando Allende.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ The show was hosted again by Mexican singer Yuri.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ Auditions were held in 23 cities among the United States and Puerto Rico in the summer and early fall of 2006.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ Out of each audition, a group of semi-finalists were selected.", "Objetivo Fama (season 4) __knowledge__ This year, the producers held a preliminary show in Los Angeles, California where they announced the official 20 contestants of the show.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ The Unholy Alliance (; literally \"Alliance\") is an action crime-thriller television drama created by Jazz Boon and TVB.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in Hong Kong in September 2016, and continued in Taiwan in December 2016.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ It premiered on TVB Jade on 7 August 2017, and ran for 28 episodes.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ Boon has described \"The Unholy Alliance\" as a \"\"-style action thriller that features modern martial arts, including MMA, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Krav Maga and gun fu.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ It stars Nina Paw, Ruco Chan, Nancy Wu, Joel Chan, Elaine Yiu, Kwok Fung, Jimmy Au, KK Cheung, and Elena Kong.", "The Unholy Alliance (TV series) __knowledge__ \"The Unholy Alliance\" follows a modern Hong Kong crime family, led by the matriarch Ling Hung (Paw).", "Joseph Rabinowitz __knowledge__ Joseph Rabinowitz, also \"Rabinovich\" (23 September 1837 – 17 May 1899) was a member of a Jewish Christian congregation in Russia.", "Joseph Rabinowitz __knowledge__ Rabinowitz was born on September 23, 1837 in Rezina, Bessarabia, Russian Empire, and lived in Kishinev, now the capital of the Moldova.", "Joseph Rabinowitz __knowledge__ He died in Kishinev on 17 May 1899.", "Joseph Rabinowitz __knowledge__ We are aware of the worldwide phenomena of Messianic Jewish expression in its many different forms and styles, with some Messianic Jewish congregations modelled upon a Conservative or Orthodox Synagogue, while on the other extreme there are some that are virtually like a church with a possible Jewish symbol or two such as a seven branch candlestick or an Israeli flag.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The role of the Church during the Nazi years was always, and remains however, a matter of much contention.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Many writers, echoing Klaus Scholder, have concluded, \"There was no Catholic resistance in Germany, there were only Catholics who resisted.\"", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The Vatican policy meant that the Pope never challenged Catholics to side either with National Socialism or with Catholic morality, and Pius XII was so adamant that Bolshevism represented the most terrible threat to the world that he remarked, 'Germany are a great nation who, in their fight against Bolshevism, are bleeding not only for their friends but also for the sake of their present enemies'.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ Joseph René Vilatte (January 24, 1854 – July 8, 1929), also known religiously as \"Mar\" Timotheus I, was a French–American Christian leader active in France and the United States.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ He was associated with several Christian denominations before his ordination as a priest by a Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland (CKS) bishop at the request of a Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA) bishop for service in a diocese.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ He was later consecrated as a bishop by Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church bishops with the knowledge and permission of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.", "Aimee Semple McPherson __knowledge__ Aimee Semple McPherson (\"Aimée\", in the original French; October 9, 1890 – September 27, 1944), also known as Sister Aimee or simply Sister, was a Canadian-American Pentecostal evangelist and media celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s, famous for founding the Foursquare Church.", "Aimee Semple McPherson __knowledge__ McPherson has been noted as a pioneer in the use of modern media, because she used radio to draw on the growing appeal of popular entertainment in North America and incorporated other forms into her weekly sermons at Angelus Temple, one of the first megachurches.", "Aimee Semple McPherson __knowledge__ In her time she was the most publicized Christian evangelist, surpassing Billy Sunday and her other predecessors.", "List of minor Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters __knowledge__ Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American franchise which spans several media and genres.", "List of minor Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters __knowledge__ It began in 1992 with the film \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", written by Joss Whedon and directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui, and was resurrected as the television series, \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" in 1997.", "List of minor Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters __knowledge__ The show's popularity caused it to spawn a multitude of Expanded Universe tie-in material such as comic books, novels, and video games, as well as a spin-off program entitled \"Angel\".", "List of minor Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters __knowledge__ In 2007, four years after the television series' seventh and final season, \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" was officially continued in the comic book \"Season Eight\".", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, faith (, ) refers to a serene commitment in the practice of the Buddha's teaching and trust in enlightened or highly developed beings, such as Buddhas or \"bodhisattvas\" (those aiming to become a Buddha).", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Buddhists usually recognize multiple objects of faith, but many are especially devoted to one particular object of faith, such as one particular Buddha.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Faith is not only related to devotion to a person, but is also connected with impersonal ideas such as the efficacy of karma and the possibility of enlightenment.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Faith in early Buddhism focused on the Triple Gem, that is, the Buddha; his teaching (the Dhamma); and the community of spiritually developed followers, or the monastic community seeking enlightenment (the Sangha).", "Hurricane Faith __knowledge__ Hurricane Faith reached the northernmost latitude and had the longest track of any Atlantic tropical cyclone.", "Hurricane Faith __knowledge__ The sixth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1966 Atlantic hurricane season, Faith developed from an area of disturbed weather between Cape Verde and the west coast of Africa on August 21.", "Hurricane Faith __knowledge__ Tracking westward, the depression gradually intensified and became Tropical Storm Faith on the following day.", "Hurricane Faith __knowledge__ Moving westward across the Atlantic Ocean, it continued to slowly strengthen, reaching hurricane status early on August 23.", "Hurricane Faith __knowledge__ About 42 hours later, Faith reached an initial peak with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h), before weakening slightly on August 26.", "Percy Faith __knowledge__ Percy Faith (April 7, 1908 – February 9, 1976) was a Canadian bandleader, orchestrator, composer and conductor, known for his lush arrangements of pop and Christmas standards.", "Percy Faith __knowledge__ He is often credited with popularizing the \"easy listening\" or \"mood music\" format.", "Percy Faith __knowledge__ Faith became a staple of American popular music in the 1950s and continued well into the 1960s.", "Percy Faith __knowledge__ Though his professional orchestra-leading career began at the height of the swing era, Faith refined and rethought orchestration techniques, including use of large string sections, to soften and fill out the brass-dominated popular music of the 1940s.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions).", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ American composer Richard Faith (born 1926) has been known primarily in university music circles as a concert pianist, professor of piano, and a published composer of piano pedagogy literature, orchestral and chamber works, opera and most prolifically, song.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ A neo-romantic, Faith has always been first and foremost a melodist.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Richard Bruce Faith was born on March 20, 1926, in Evansville, Indiana.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ His mother was a homemaker active in community affairs, and his father, a dentist.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Both parents were very supportive of his choice to become a musician as they too came from musical backgrounds.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Faith's mother studied piano before her five children were born; his father picked up musical skills without a teacher and played piano, violin and sang in the church choir.", "Faith Connors __knowledge__ Faith Connors, also known by her alias Phoenix Carpenter, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 2008 action video game \"Mirror's Edge\".", "Faith Connors __knowledge__ Presented in the game as a \"Runner\", Faith transports items for revolutionary groups hiding from the totalitarian government.", "Faith Connors __knowledge__ In addition to the game, Faith also starred in its comic tie-in, and appears in the game's reboot, \"Mirror's Edge Catalyst\".", "Faith Connors __knowledge__ Her voice is provided by Jules de Jongh in \"Mirror's Edge\" and Faye Kingslee in \"Mirror's Edge Catalyst\".", "Faith Connors __knowledge__ Developers placed the game in a first-person perspective partly to connect the player with the character.", "Knight of faith __knowledge__ The knight of faith is an individual who has placed complete faith in himself and in God and can act freely and independently from the world.", "Knight of faith __knowledge__ The 19th-century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard vicariously discusses the knight of faith in several of his pseudonymic works, with the most in-depth and detailed critique exposited in \"Fear and Trembling\" and in \"Repetition\".", "Knight of faith __knowledge__ Johannes de Silentio, Kierkegaard's pseudonymous author of \"Fear and Trembling\", argues that the knight of faith is the paradox, is the individual, absolutely nothing but the individual, without connections or pretensions.", "Knight of faith __knowledge__ The \"knight of faith\" is the individual who is able to gracefully embrace life: Kierkegaard put it this way in \"Either/Or\", \"When around one everything has become silent, solemn as a clear, starlit night, when the soul comes to be alone in the whole world, then before one there appears, not an extraordinary human being, but the eternal power itself, then the heavens open, and the I chooses itself or, more correctly, receives itself.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the country.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millenniums old.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact across the world.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India has 29 states with different culture and civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world.", "Indian people __knowledge__ Indians are the people who are the nationals or citizens of India, the second most populous nation containing 17.50% of the world's population.", "Indian people __knowledge__ \"Indian\" refers to nationality, but not ethnicity or language.", "Indian people __knowledge__ The Indian nationality consists of many regional ethno-linguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of India.", "Indian people __knowledge__ India hosts all major ethnic groups found in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Indian people __knowledge__ The diaspora populations with Indian ancestry, as a result of emigration, are somewhat widespread most notably in Asia and North America.", "Indian people __knowledge__ The name \"Bhārata\" has been used as a self-ascribed name by people of the Indian subcontinent and the Republic of India.", "Enron scandal __knowledge__ The Enron scandal, publicized in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the \"de facto\" dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world.", "Enron scandal __knowledge__ In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was cited as the biggest audit failure.", "Enron scandal __knowledge__ Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth.", "Enron scandal __knowledge__ Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that – by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting – were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The external debt is the amount of debt a country owes to foreign or international creditors.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The debtors can be the government, corporations or citizens of that country.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The estimated Philippines foreign debt under the Aquino administration in early 2016 was US$77,319,196,000.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The public debt is the total amount of debt a central government or country owes.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ It is also known as national debt.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The debtors can be the government, corporations or citizens of that country.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ The estimated Philippines public debt under the Aquino administration in 2016 was $ 972,678.", "External debt of the Philippines __knowledge__ Developing countries use external borrowing as a mechanism to address the gap between domestic savings and desired investment and the export-import gap.", "Islam __knowledge__ Islam () is a universalizing Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is a messenger of God.", "Islam __knowledge__ It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the global population, known as Muslims.", "Islam __knowledge__ Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries.", "Islam __knowledge__ Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, unique and has guided mankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs.", "Islam __knowledge__ The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative example (called the \"sunnah\", composed of accounts called \"hadith\") of Muhammad ( 570–8 June 632 CE).", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ The economy of Iran is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector.", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ Some 60 percent of the economy is centrally planned.", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ It is dominated by oil and gas production, although over 40 industries are directly involved in the Tehran Stock Exchange, one of the best performing exchanges in the world over the past decade.", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ With 10 percent of the world's proven oil reserves and 15 percent of its gas reserves, Iran is considered an \"energy superpower\".", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ Iran has fifth highest total estimated value of natural resources, valued at US$27.3 trillion in 2016.", "Economy of Iran __knowledge__ It is the world's eighteenth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) and twenty-seventh by nominal gross domestic product." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "I don't follow Christianity or any religion personally.", "Cool, I used to be a Christian but I lost my faith over time as I grew up, personally.", "I don't know about that, even though it has over 2.4 billion followers.", "Nice, so you're now one of the 33% of the global population that follows that religion." ]

[ "Christianity", "Christianity", "Christianity", "Christianity" ]

[ "Parrot\nA coworker has a parrot for a pet. It whistles the Andy Griffith tune!", "Oh I'm not sure. What is the most common?", "Is the Timheh Parrot green? Hers is green.", "Hum. I'm not sure about type she has. I always thought of birds as dumb, but seeing her parrot is making me rethink that." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea (\"true\" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots).", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum.", "Parrot __knowledge__ They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material.", "Parrot __knowledge__ A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.", "Andy Griffith __knowledge__ Andy Samuel Griffith (June 1, 1926 – July 3, 2012) was an American actor, comedian, television producer, Southern gospel singer, and writer.", "Andy Griffith __knowledge__ He was a Tony Award nominee for two roles, and gained prominence in the starring role in director Elia Kazan's film \"A Face in the Crowd\" (1957) before he became better known for his television roles, playing the lead roles of Andy Taylor in the sitcom \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (1960–1968) and Ben Matlock in the legal drama \"Matlock\" (1986–1995).", "Andy Griffith __knowledge__ Griffith was born on June 1, 1926 in Mount Airy, North Carolina, the only child of Carl Lee Griffith and his wife, Geneva (Nunn).", "The Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ The Andy Griffith Show is an American situation comedy which aired on CBS from October 3, 1960, to April 1, 1968, with a total of 249 half-hour episodes spanning over eight seasons, 159 in black and white and 90 in color, which partially originated from an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\".", "The Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ The show originally starred Andy Griffith in the role of Andy Taylor, the widowered sheriff of the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina.", "The Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ Other major characters include Andy's inept but well-meaning deputy, who is also his cousin, Barney Fife (Don Knotts); Andy's spinster aunt and housekeeper, \"Aunt\" Bee Taylor (Frances Bavier), and Andy's precocious young son, Opie (Ron Howard).", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ is an American situation comedy that originally aired on CBS from September 25, 1964, to May 2, 1969.", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ The series was a spin-off of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and the pilot episode was aired as the season finale of the fourth season of its parent series on May 18, 1964.", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ The show ran for a total of 150 half-hour episodes spanning over five seasons, first in black-and-white for the first season, and then in color for all the remaining four seasons.", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ In 2006, CBS Home Entertainment (distributed by Paramount) began releasing the series on DVD.", "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. __knowledge__ The final season was released in November 2008.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor and in earlier episodes as Cousin Andy by Barney Fife is the major character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960–1968).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \"Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ (1968–1971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ In the CBS special \"The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters.", "Return to Mayberry __knowledge__ Return to Mayberry is a 1986 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1960s sitcoms \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and \"Mayberry R.F.D.\".", "Return to Mayberry __knowledge__ The film premiered on April 13, 1986 on NBC, and was the highest-rated television film of 1986.", "Return to Mayberry __knowledge__ Sixteen of the original cast members reunited and reprised their roles for the film and its success could have led to additional Mayberry programs, but Griffith was committed to \"Matlock\" (also airing on NBC at the time) for the 1986-87 season.", "Return to Mayberry __knowledge__ Most of the characters from the old series are revisited.", "Return to Mayberry __knowledge__ The slightly milquetoast Howard Sprague (Jack Dodson), in an attempt to look younger, is seen in various hues of hair color.", "Floyd Lawson __knowledge__ Floyd Lawson (Floyd the Barber) is a fictional character on the American sitcom \"The Andy Griffith Show\", who was likely inspired by barbers in Andy Griffith's real-life hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina.", "Floyd Lawson __knowledge__ One barber named Russell Hiatt was known as \"the real-life Floyd\".", "Floyd Lawson __knowledge__ Hiatt may have cut Andy Griffith's hair while Griffith was young and living in Mount Airy, and was still cutting hair daily at \"Floyd's City Barber Shop\" in Downtown Mount Airy until several years before his death on May 3, 2016.", "Floyd Lawson __knowledge__ Griffith denied that Hiatt was the inspiration for Floyd Lawson, however, saying, \"A barber up there says he cut my hair when I was a child.", "The New Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ The New Andy Griffith Show is an American television situation comedy that was broadcast in the United States on CBS in 1971 on Fridays at 8:30 EST.", "The New Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ It debuted on January 8, 1971, and ended on May 21, 1971.", "The New Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ Actor Andy Griffith had left his first sitcom, \"The Andy Griffith Show\", voluntarily after the 1967-68 season while it was still number one in the Nielsen ratings and despite a high-dollar offer from CBS to continue it, in order to pursue his other interests, singing and motion picture acting, and to prevent his being typecast solely as a rural Southern sheriff.", "The New Andy Griffith Show __knowledge__ When he decided to return to network television two years later, in the fall of 1970, it was in \"Headmaster\", a drama, in which he played the headmaster of an exclusive California private school." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea (\"true\" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots).", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum.", "Parrot __knowledge__ They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material.", "Parrot __knowledge__ A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ \"Old Aunt Jemima\" was an American song composed by African American comedian, songwriter and minstrel show performer Billy Kersands (c. 1842–1915).", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ The Old Aunt Jemima song was the inspiration for the Aunt Jemima brand of pancakes, as well as several characters in film, television and on radio named \"Aunt Jemima\".", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ Kersands wrote his first version of \"Old Aunt Jemima\" in 1875.", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ It was to become Kersands' most popular song.", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ Robert Toll claimed that Kersands had performed this song over 2000 times by 1877.", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ There were at least 3 different sets of \"Old Aunt Jemima\" lyrics by 1889.", "Old Aunt Jemima __knowledge__ Often \"Old Aunt Jemima\" would be sung while a man in drag playing the part of Aunt Jemima performed on stage.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Companion parrot __knowledge__ A companion parrot is a parrot kept as a pet that interacts abundantly with their human counterpart.", "Companion parrot __knowledge__ Generally, most species of parrot can make excellent companions.", "Companion parrot __knowledge__ Species of parrots that are kept as companions include large parrots, such as amazons, African greys, cockatoos, eclectus, hawk-headed parrots, and macaws; mid-sized birds, such as caiques, conures, quakers, \"Pionus\", \"Poicephalus\", rose-ringed parakeets, and rosellas; and many of the smaller types, including \"Brotogeris\", budgies, cockatiels, parakeets, lovebirds, parrotlets and lineolated parakeets.", "Companion parrot __knowledge__ Some species of lories and lorikeets are kept as pets but are quite messy, and often more popular as aviary birds.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ Psittacus is a genus of African parrots in the subfamily \"Psittacinae\".", "Psittacus __knowledge__ It contains the two species: the grey parrot (\"Psittacus erithacus\") and the Timneh parrot (\"Psittacus timneh\").", "Psittacus __knowledge__ For many years, the grey parrot and Timneh parrot were classified as subspecies; the former as the nominate, the latter as \"P. e. timneh\".", "Psittacus __knowledge__ However, in 2012 the taxa were recognized as separate species by BirdLife International on the basis of genetic, morphological, plumage and vocal differences.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ These parrots are found in the primary and secondary rainforest of West and Central Africa.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ They are among the most intelligent birds in the world.", "Conure __knowledge__ Conures are a diverse, loosely defined group of small to medium-sized parrots.", "Conure __knowledge__ They belong to several genera within a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae.", "Conure __knowledge__ The term \"conure\" is used primarily in bird keeping, though it has appeared in some scientific journals.", "Conure __knowledge__ The American Ornithologists' Union uses the generic term \"parakeet\" for all species elsewhere called \"conure\", though Joseph Forshaw, a prominent Australian ornithologist, uses \"conure\".", "Conure __knowledge__ Conures are either large parakeets or small parrots found in the Western Hemisphere.", "Conure __knowledge__ They are analogous in size and way of life to the Old World's rose-ringed parakeets or the Australian parakeets.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot or Mascarin (\"Mascarinus mascarin\") is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The taxonomic relationships of this species have been subject to debate; it has historically been grouped with either the Psittaculini parrots or the vasa parrots, with the latest genetic study favouring the former group.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot was in length with a large red bill and long, rounded tail feathers.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ Its legs were red, and it had naked red skin around the eyes and nostrils.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ It had a black facial mask and partially white tail feathers, but the colouration of the body, wings and head is unclear.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot or raven parrot (\"Lophopsittacus mauritianus\") is a large extinct parrot in the family Psittaculidae.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It was endemic to the Mascarene island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It is unclear what other species it is most closely related to, but it has been classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It had similarities with the Rodrigues parrot (\"Necropsittacus rodricanus\"), and may have been closely related.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot's head was large in proportion to its body, and there was a distinct crest of feathers on the front of the head.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ The Rodrigues parrot (\"Necropsittacus rodricanus\") is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ It is unclear to which other species it is most closely related, but it is classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ The Rodrigues parrot bore similarities to the broad-billed parrot of Mauritius, and may have been related.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ Two additional species have been assigned to its genus (\"N. francicus\" and \"N. borbonicus\"), based on descriptions of parrots from the other Mascarene islands, but their identities and validity have been debated." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea (\"true\" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots).", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum.", "Parrot __knowledge__ They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material.", "Parrot __knowledge__ A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The orange-bellied parrot (\"Neophema chrysogaster\") is a small broad-tailed parrot endemic to southern Australia, and one of only three species of parrot that migrate.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ It was described by John Latham in 1790.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ A small parrot around long, it exhibits sexual dimorphism.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The adult male is distinguished by its bright grass-green upperparts, yellow underparts and orange belly patch.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The adult female and juvenile are duller green in colour.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ All birds have a prominent two-toned blue frontal band and blue outer wing feathers.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The orange-bellied parrot breeds in Tasmania and winters near the coast, foraging on saltmarsh species, beach or dune plants and a variety of exotic weed species on southern mainland Australia.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ The Rodrigues parrot (\"Necropsittacus rodricanus\") is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ It is unclear to which other species it is most closely related, but it is classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ The Rodrigues parrot bore similarities to the broad-billed parrot of Mauritius, and may have been related.", "Rodrigues parrot __knowledge__ Two additional species have been assigned to its genus (\"N. francicus\" and \"N. borbonicus\"), based on descriptions of parrots from the other Mascarene islands, but their identities and validity have been debated.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The turquoise parrot (\"Neophema pulchella\") is a species of parrot in the genus \"Neophema\" native to Eastern Australia, from southeastern Queensland, through New South Wales and into North-Eastern Victoria.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ It was described by George Shaw in 1792.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ A small lightly built parrot at around 20 cm (8 in) long and in weight, it exhibits sexual dimorphism.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The male is predominantly green with more yellowish underparts and a bright turquoise blue face.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ Its wings are predominantly blue with red shoulders.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The female is generally duller and paler, with a pale green breast and yellow belly, and lacks the red wing patch.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot or Mascarin (\"Mascarinus mascarin\") is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The taxonomic relationships of this species have been subject to debate; it has historically been grouped with either the Psittaculini parrots or the vasa parrots, with the latest genetic study favouring the former group.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot was in length with a large red bill and long, rounded tail feathers.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ Its legs were red, and it had naked red skin around the eyes and nostrils.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ It had a black facial mask and partially white tail feathers, but the colouration of the body, wings and head is unclear.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot or raven parrot (\"Lophopsittacus mauritianus\") is a large extinct parrot in the family Psittaculidae.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It was endemic to the Mascarene island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It is unclear what other species it is most closely related to, but it has been classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It had similarities with the Rodrigues parrot (\"Necropsittacus rodricanus\"), and may have been closely related.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot's head was large in proportion to its body, and there was a distinct crest of feathers on the front of the head.", "Blue-winged parrot __knowledge__ The blue-winged parrot (\"Neophema chrysostoma\"), also known as the blue-banded parakeet or blue-banded grass-parakeet, is a small parrot found in Tasmania and southeast mainland Australia.", "Blue-winged parrot __knowledge__ It is partly migratory, with populations of blue-winged parrots travelling to Tasmania for the summer.", "Blue-winged parrot __knowledge__ The parrot is sexually dimorphic – the males have more blue on the wings and a two-toned blue frontal band on the head, while females are duller and have more green on the wings and a wingbar.", "Blue-winged parrot __knowledge__ Both sexes have predominantly olive-green plumage.", "Blue-winged parrot __knowledge__ Predominantly a feeder on the ground, the blue-winged parrot mainly eats seeds of grasses.", "Timneh parrot __knowledge__ The Timneh parrot (\"Psittacus timneh\"), also known as the Timneh grey parrot or Timneh African grey parrot, is a West African parrot that is variously considered a subspecies of the grey parrot \"Psittacus erithacus timneh\", or a full species \"Psittacus timneh\".", "Timneh parrot __knowledge__ In aviculture, it is often referred to by the initials TAG and is commonly kept as a companion parrot.", "Timneh parrot __knowledge__ Growing to in length and weighing , the Timneh is a medium-sized parrot.", "Timneh parrot __knowledge__ Its plumage is mainly a mottled grey, with a white face mask and pale yellow eyes.", "Timneh parrot __knowledge__ Compared with the only other recognised \"Psittacus\" species, often known as the African grey parrot or Congo grey parrot (\"Psittacus erithacus\"), the Timneh is smaller and darker, with a dull, dark maroon (rather than crimson) tail and a horn-coloured patch on the upper mandible.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ Psittacus is a genus of African parrots in the subfamily \"Psittacinae\".", "Psittacus __knowledge__ It contains the two species: the grey parrot (\"Psittacus erithacus\") and the Timneh parrot (\"Psittacus timneh\").", "Psittacus __knowledge__ For many years, the grey parrot and Timneh parrot were classified as subspecies; the former as the nominate, the latter as \"P. e. timneh\".", "Psittacus __knowledge__ However, in 2012 the taxa were recognized as separate species by BirdLife International on the basis of genetic, morphological, plumage and vocal differences.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ These parrots are found in the primary and secondary rainforest of West and Central Africa.", "Psittacus __knowledge__ They are among the most intelligent birds in the world.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ The grey parrot or African grey parrot (\"Psittacus erithacus\") is an Old World parrot in the family Psittacidae.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ This article describes the Congo grey parrot.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ The Timneh parrot \"(Psittacus timneh)\" was earlier treated as conspecific but has since been split as a full species.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ The grey parrot is a medium-sized, predominantly grey, black-billed parrot.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ Their average weight is , with an average length of and an average wingspan of .", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ The Congo species is a lighter grey, with darker grey over the head and both wings, while the head and body feathers have a slight white edge to them.", "Grey parrot __knowledge__ The tail feathers are red.", "Talking bird __knowledge__ Talking birds are birds that can mimic the spoken language of humans.", "Talking bird __knowledge__ There is debate within the scientific community over whether some talking parrots also have some cognitive understanding of the language.", "Talking bird __knowledge__ Birds have varying degrees of talking ability: some, like the corvids, are able to mimic only a few words and phrases, while some budgerigars have been observed to have a vocabulary of almost 2,000 words.", "Talking bird __knowledge__ The hill myna, a common pet, is well known for its talking ability and its relative, the European starling, is also adept at mimicry.", "Talking bird __knowledge__ Wild cockatoos in Australia have been reported to have learned human speech by cultural transmission from ex-captive birds that have integrated into the flock.", "Mascarene grey parakeet __knowledge__ The Mascarene grey parakeet or Thirioux’s grey parrot (\"Psittacula bensoni\"), is an extinct species of parrot which was endemic to the Mascarene islands of Mauritius and Réunion in the western Indian Ocean.", "Mascarene grey parakeet __knowledge__ It has been classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other parrots from the islands.", "Mascarene grey parakeet __knowledge__ Subfossil bones of the Mascarene grey parakeet found on Mauritius were first described in 1973 as belonging to a smaller relative of the broad-billed parrot in the genus \"Lophopsittacus\".", "Mascarene grey parakeet __knowledge__ Apart from their size, the bones were very similar to those of other Mascarene parrots.", "Mascarene grey parakeet __knowledge__ The subfossils were later connected with 17th- and 18th-century descriptions of small grey parrots on Mauritius and Réunion, together with a single illustration published in a journal describing a voyage in 1602, and the species was instead reassigned to the genus \"Psittacula\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea (\"true\" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots).", "Parrot __knowledge__ Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum.", "Parrot __knowledge__ They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.", "Parrot __knowledge__ The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material.", "Parrot __knowledge__ A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits.", "Parrot __knowledge__ Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The orange-bellied parrot (\"Neophema chrysogaster\") is a small broad-tailed parrot endemic to southern Australia, and one of only three species of parrot that migrate.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ It was described by John Latham in 1790.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ A small parrot around long, it exhibits sexual dimorphism.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The adult male is distinguished by its bright grass-green upperparts, yellow underparts and orange belly patch.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The adult female and juvenile are duller green in colour.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ All birds have a prominent two-toned blue frontal band and blue outer wing feathers.", "Orange-bellied parrot __knowledge__ The orange-bellied parrot breeds in Tasmania and winters near the coast, foraging on saltmarsh species, beach or dune plants and a variety of exotic weed species on southern mainland Australia.", "Kakapo __knowledge__ The kakapo (Māori: kākāpō or \"night parrot\"), also called owl parrot (\"Strigops habroptila\"), is a species of large, flightless, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot of the super-family Strigopoidea, endemic to New Zealand.", "Kakapo __knowledge__ It has finely blotched yellow-green plumage, a distinct facial disc of sensory, vibrissa-like feathers, a large grey beak, short legs, large feet, and wings and a tail of relatively short length.", "Kakapo __knowledge__ A combination of traits make it unique among its kind; it is the world's only flightless parrot, the heaviest parrot, nocturnal, herbivorous, visibly sexually dimorphic in body size, has a low basal metabolic rate and no male parental care, and is the only parrot to have a polygynous lek breeding system.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot or raven parrot (\"Lophopsittacus mauritianus\") is a large extinct parrot in the family Psittaculidae.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It was endemic to the Mascarene island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It is unclear what other species it is most closely related to, but it has been classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ It had similarities with the Rodrigues parrot (\"Necropsittacus rodricanus\"), and may have been closely related.", "Broad-billed parrot __knowledge__ The broad-billed parrot's head was large in proportion to its body, and there was a distinct crest of feathers on the front of the head.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The turquoise parrot (\"Neophema pulchella\") is a species of parrot in the genus \"Neophema\" native to Eastern Australia, from southeastern Queensland, through New South Wales and into North-Eastern Victoria.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ It was described by George Shaw in 1792.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ A small lightly built parrot at around 20 cm (8 in) long and in weight, it exhibits sexual dimorphism.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The male is predominantly green with more yellowish underparts and a bright turquoise blue face.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ Its wings are predominantly blue with red shoulders.", "Turquoise parrot __knowledge__ The female is generally duller and paler, with a pale green breast and yellow belly, and lacks the red wing patch.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot or Mascarin (\"Mascarinus mascarin\") is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The taxonomic relationships of this species have been subject to debate; it has historically been grouped with either the Psittaculini parrots or the vasa parrots, with the latest genetic study favouring the former group.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ The Mascarene parrot was in length with a large red bill and long, rounded tail feathers.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ Its legs were red, and it had naked red skin around the eyes and nostrils.", "Mascarene parrot __knowledge__ It had a black facial mask and partially white tail feathers, but the colouration of the body, wings and head is unclear.", "Lovebird __knowledge__ A lovebird is the common name of \"Agapornis\" (Greek: αγάπη \"agape\" 'love'; όρνις \"ornis\" 'bird'), a small genus of parrot.", "Lovebird __knowledge__ Eight species are native to the African continent, with the grey-headed lovebird being native to Madagascar.", "Lovebird __knowledge__ Social and affectionate, the name comes from the parrots' strong, monogamous pair bonding and the long periods which paired birds spend sitting together.", "Lovebird __knowledge__ Lovebirds live in small flocks and eat fruit, vegetables, grasses, and seeds.", "Lovebird __knowledge__ Black-winged lovebirds also eat insects and figs, and the black-collared lovebirds have a special dietary requirement for native figs, making them problematic to keep in captivity.", "Plumage __knowledge__ Plumage ( \"feather\") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers.", "Plumage __knowledge__ The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies, and may vary with age classes.", "Plumage __knowledge__ Within species there can be different colour morphs.", "Plumage __knowledge__ The placement of feathers on a bird are not haphazzard, but rather emerge in organized, overlapping rows and groups, and these are known by standardized names.", "Plumage __knowledge__ Most birds moult, usually before and after breeding, resulting in a breeding or nuptial plumage and a basic plumage.", "Plumage __knowledge__ Many ducks and some other species such as the red junglefowl have males wearing a bright nuptial plumage while breeding and a drab eclipse plumage for some months afterwards.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ The earliest extant copy of the Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor is included in the late 6th century manuscript, British Library Manuscript #17,202.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ It has been published by Dr. Land under the title of Zachariae Ep.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ Mitylenes aliorumque scripta historica Graece plerumque deperdita.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ British Library Manuscript #17,202 is an anthology compiled by an anonymous individual.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ Scholars call this person “Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor” because his compilation contains the important church history by the real Zacharias Rhetor.", "Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor __knowledge__ He entitled his collection, \"A Volume of Records of Events Which Have Happened in the World'.", "Joseph and Aseneth __knowledge__ Joseph and Aseneth is a narrative that dates from before the 6th century CE.", "Joseph and Aseneth __knowledge__ It seems to relate the romance, marriage and children of the Israelite patriarch Joseph and his Egyptian wife Asenath.", "Joseph and Aseneth __knowledge__ Some have regarded it as a Jewish midrash or elaboration on the story in Genesis (Genesis 37-50).", "Joseph and Aseneth __knowledge__ Others question this interpretation partly because of its provenance (early Syriac Christianity), language (Son of God, Bride of God), symbolism (Eucharistic) and covering letter which appear to indicate a Christian context.", "Joseph and Aseneth __knowledge__ British Library manuscript #17,202 is an anthology containing a variety of writings including the oldest existing manuscript of this work.", "List of birds of Ethiopia __knowledge__ This is an incomplete list of the bird species recorded in Ethiopia.", "List of birds of Ethiopia __knowledge__ The avifauna of Ethiopia include a total of 924 species, of which 23 are endemic and three are rare or accidental.", "List of birds of Ethiopia __knowledge__ This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of \"The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World\", 6th edition.", "List of birds of Ethiopia __knowledge__ The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account.", "List of birds of Ethiopia __knowledge__ Accidental species are included in the total species count for Ethiopia.", "List of birds of India __knowledge__ This is a list of the bird species of India and includes extant and recently extinct species recorded within the political limits of the Republic of India as defined by the Indian government are known to have around 1266 species as of 2016, of which sixty-one are endemic to the country, one has been introduced by humans and twenty-five are rare or accidental.", "List of birds of India __knowledge__ Two species are suspected have been extirpated in India and eighty-two species are globally threatened.", "List of birds of India __knowledge__ The Indian peacock (\"Pavo cristatus\") is the national bird of India.", "List of birds of India __knowledge__ This list does not cover species in Indian jurisdiction areas such as Dakshin Gangothri and oceanic species are delineated by an arbitrary cutoff distance.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ This is a list of the bird species recorded in Eritrea.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ The avifauna of Eritrea include a total of 566 species, of which two are endemic and two are rare or accidental.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of \"The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World\", 6th edition.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ Accidental species are included in the total species count for Eritrea.", "List of birds of Eritrea __knowledge__ The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ This is a list of the bird species recorded in Mozambique.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ The avifauna of Mozambique include a total of 740 species, of which two have been introduced by humans and thirteen are rare or accidental.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ Twenty species are globally threatened.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of \"The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World\", 6th edition.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account.", "List of birds of Mozambique __knowledge__ Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Mozambique." ] ]

[ 1, 59, 47, 6 ]

[ "That's cool! Do you know what kind of parrot it is? There are roughly 393 species of parrots found a in regions all over the world", "I'm not sure, but two types of parrots are they grey parrot and the Timneh Parrot", "No it's plumage is actually molted grey with white. ", "Yeah the Timne parrot is strange because most parrots are vividly colored and some are even multicolored. " ]

[ "Parrot", "Parrot", "Parrot", "Parrot" ]

[ "Dog\nI have three dogs, two are pets and one is a working dog but he is a big sweetie too!", "Yes indeed my two females are mostly inside dogs and guard my home, they do go out in the day but they are protective and territorial", "Yes my girls seem to be in tune with me. My male is a working livestock guardian dog and keeps livestock safe from predators", "Yes he seems to know its his job I can't even call him up if he sense danger near the herd he will not leave them, super intelligent!", "They are so tuned in to their owners too, that is why people say they are mans best friend. Cats are just self centered and weird lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The Military Working Dog Teams National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ It was founded by John C. Burnam, published author and Vietnam Veteran Infantryman and German Shepherd Scout Dog Handler (1966-1968).", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The monument was designed by the John Burnam Monument Foundation.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ It represents all wars since World War II and all five U.S. Armed Services (Army, Marines, Navy Air Force, and Coast Guard).", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The monument grounds encompass a 3,000 square feet granite plaza, granite pedestals, granite history wall, and granite benches.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The granite pedestals have large bronze statues of dogs and handlers.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in Jeff Kinney's book series \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" as well as the film versions of the first, , and book.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is a series of graphic novels written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ The books are written as the journals of the main character named Greg Heffley.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is also a series of films based on the books.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Jeff Kinney was an executive producer.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Like the books, the movies are the journals of Greg Heffley, played by Zachary Gordon in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", \"\", and \"\", and Jason Drucker in \"\".", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Gregory \"Greg\" Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Dogs in warfare have a long history starting in ancient times.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ From war dogs trained in combat to their use as scouts, sentries and trackers, their uses have been varied and some continue to exist in modern military usage.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ War dogs were used by the Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Sarmatians, Baganda, Alans, Slavs, Britons, and the Romans.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The Molossus dog of the Molossia region of Epirus was the strongest known to the Romans, and was specifically trained for battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Among the Greeks and Romans, dogs served most often as sentries or patrols, though they were sometimes taken into battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest use of war dogs in a battle recorded in classical sources was by Alyattes of Lydia against the Cimmerians around 600 BC.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.", "Selective breeding __knowledge__ Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ A livestock guardian dog (LGD) is a type of pastoral dog bred for the purpose of protecting livestock from predators.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Unlike the often smaller herding dogs that control the movement of the livestock, LGDs blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ The mere presence of a guardian dog is usually enough to ward off some predators, and LGDs will confront predators by vocal intimidation, barking, and displaying very aggressive behavior.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Shepherd Dog is an ancient breed of dog from the regions of Central Asia.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ It is not the result of artificial selection but rather a native breed called alabai historically common among Central Asian peoples.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Traditionally, the breed was used for shepherding, as well as to protect and for guard duty.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Ovcharka () is a large breed of dog recognized by FCI, as a Molossoid type dog breed of Soviet-era origin under Russian patronage.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Numerous breed representatives reside in Russia, and local kennel club officials refer to Central Asians as one of the most popular dog breeds in the country, rating them as the #1 breed in the country around 2000.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ The Akbash Dog (from 'white head' ) is native to Turkey, and it is primarily used as a livestock guardian dog or shepherd dog.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ It is officially recognized by the KIF, a.k.a.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ the Turkish Kennel Club.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ This dog is one of the national dog breeds of Turkey.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ This breed was introduced to North America in the 1970s by Americans Judith and David Nelson who had been conducting research on white coloured dogs in the historical Armenian highlands.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ Archeological evidence suggests that the earliest civilizations arose in this region of the world where plants were first cultivated and the first livestock were domesticated.", "Komondor __knowledge__ The Komondor (in Hungarian, the plural form of komondor is \"komondorok\"), also known as the Hungarian sheepdog, is a large, white-coloured Hungarian breed of livestock guardian dog with a long, corded coat.", "Komondor __knowledge__ Sometimes referred to as 'mop dogs', the Komondor is a long-established powerful dog breed that has a natural guardian instinct to guard livestock and other property.", "Komondor __knowledge__ The Komondor was brought to Europe by the Cumans and the oldest known mention of it is in a Hungarian codex from 1544.", "Komondor __knowledge__ The Komondor breed has been declared one of Hungary’s national treasures, to be preserved and protected from modification.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Cão de Gado Transmontano __knowledge__ The Cão de Gado Transmontano (; English: Transmontano Mastiff or Transmontano Cattle Dog) is a rare molosser working giant dog breed, originating in and largely limited to the region of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province, Portugal.", "Cão de Gado Transmontano __knowledge__ Their primary function is flock and herd protection, and their success is interlinked to the welfare of the flock and the presence of wolves, particularly.", "Cão de Gado Transmontano __knowledge__ Although they are a regional breed, their wolf defense capacity has led to limited experimental importation elsewhere.", "Cão de Gado Transmontano __knowledge__ The origin of this mountain dog conjoins the history of all the Iberian mastiffs, and its evolution is linked to the transhumance route on the Iberian Peninsula.", "Semperviva __knowledge__ The Bulgarian Biodiversity Preservation Society, Semperviva, is a non-governmental, biodiversity conservation organization.", "Semperviva __knowledge__ Semperviva was founded in 1997, and works in close partnership with the Balkani Wildlife society.", "Semperviva __knowledge__ A project house in Vlahi provides the Balkani Wildlife society with a base from which to undertake biological field research on large carnivores, and also provides accommodation for volunteers.", "Semperviva __knowledge__ Semperviva is a network partner of the European SAVE Foundation.", "Semperviva __knowledge__ Semperviva is focused on studying and saving the rare autochthonic breeds of domestic animals in Bulgaria and also on the Balkan region.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters in the \"Ice Age\" films, mentioned by a name either presented in the films or in any other official material.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ Manfred \"Manny\", is a woolly mammoth, in all five \"Ice Age\" films.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ His personality is shown to be aloof, grumpy, and standoffish, but is otherwise loving and courageous.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ In the first film, while passing through the icy cave, the herd discovers cave paintings of Manny with his wife and child, who were killed by humans; this is a very sentimental moment for Manny, since he failed to protect them.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ At the end of the film, Manny and Sid return Roshan to the neanderthals with an injured Diego trailing behind them.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ This is a listing of significant characters in Charlaine Harris's \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\" / Sookie Stackhouse novels only.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ HBO created a television series called \"True Blood\" based on the novels.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ Sookie is the main character of \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\", and resides in the fictional town of Bon Temps, in rural, northern Louisiana.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ In the first novel, \"Dead Until Dark\", she describes herself as being 25 years old, with blond hair and blue eyes.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She also states: “my legs are strong and my bosom is substantial, and I have a waspy waistline”.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She is written to wear a ladies size 8-10, most of the time a 10.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Shepherd Dog is an ancient breed of dog from the regions of Central Asia.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ It is not the result of artificial selection but rather a native breed called alabai historically common among Central Asian peoples.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Traditionally, the breed was used for shepherding, as well as to protect and for guard duty.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Ovcharka () is a large breed of dog recognized by FCI, as a Molossoid type dog breed of Soviet-era origin under Russian patronage.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Numerous breed representatives reside in Russia, and local kennel club officials refer to Central Asians as one of the most popular dog breeds in the country, rating them as the #1 breed in the country around 2000.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ A livestock guardian dog (LGD) is a type of pastoral dog bred for the purpose of protecting livestock from predators.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ Unlike the often smaller herding dogs that control the movement of the livestock, LGDs blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock.", "Livestock guardian dog __knowledge__ The mere presence of a guardian dog is usually enough to ward off some predators, and LGDs will confront predators by vocal intimidation, barking, and displaying very aggressive behavior.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Sheep __knowledge__ The sheep (\"Ovis aries\") is a quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.", "Sheep __knowledge__ Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates.", "Sheep __knowledge__ Although the name \"sheep\" applies to many species in the genus \"Ovis\", in everyday usage it almost always refers to \"Ovis aries\".", "Sheep __knowledge__ Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep.", "Sheep __knowledge__ An adult female sheep is referred to as a \"ewe\" (), an intact male as a \"ram\" or occasionally a \"tup\", a castrated male as a \"wether\", and a younger sheep as a \"lamb\".", "Sheep __knowledge__ Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ Other than parasites and disease, predation is a threat to sheep health and thereby the profitability of sheep raising.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ Sheep have very little ability to defend themselves, even when compared with other prey species kept as livestock.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ Even if sheep are not directly bitten or survive an attack, they may die from panic or from injuries sustained.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ However, the impact of predation varies dramatically with region.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ In Africa, Australia, the Americas, and parts of Europe and Asia predators can be a serious problem.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ In contrast, some nations are virtually devoid of sheep predators.", "Domestic sheep predation __knowledge__ Many islands that are known for extensive sheep husbandry are suitable largely because of their predator-free status.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ The Akbash Dog (from 'white head' ) is native to Turkey, and it is primarily used as a livestock guardian dog or shepherd dog.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ It is officially recognized by the KIF, a.k.a.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ the Turkish Kennel Club.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ This dog is one of the national dog breeds of Turkey.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ This breed was introduced to North America in the 1970s by Americans Judith and David Nelson who had been conducting research on white coloured dogs in the historical Armenian highlands.", "Akbash dog __knowledge__ Archeological evidence suggests that the earliest civilizations arose in this region of the world where plants were first cultivated and the first livestock were domesticated.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series is based on the book of the same name by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ It ran on for five series from 2002 to 2005.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series was followed by \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012 and then \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Tracy Beaker, played by actress Dani Harmer, is the main (and title) character throughout \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Cats and the Internet __knowledge__ Images and videos of domestic cats make up some of the most viewed content on the web, particularly image macros in the form of lolcats.", "Cats and the Internet __knowledge__ ThoughtCatalog has described cats as the \"unofficial mascot of the Internet\".", "Cats and the Internet __knowledge__ Cats as human companions \"are now sharing not only people's real life but also their virtual world\" as a scientific study points out.", "Cats and the Internet __knowledge__ The subject has attracted the attention of various scholars and critics, who have analysed why this form of low art has reached iconic status.", "Cats and the Internet __knowledge__ Though it may be considered frivolous, cat-related internet content contributes to how people interact with media and culture.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The role of the Church during the Nazi years was always, and remains however, a matter of much contention.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Many writers, echoing Klaus Scholder, have concluded, \"There was no Catholic resistance in Germany, there were only Catholics who resisted.\"", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The Vatican policy meant that the Pope never challenged Catholics to side either with National Socialism or with Catholic morality, and Pius XII was so adamant that Bolshevism represented the most terrible threat to the world that he remarked, 'Germany are a great nation who, in their fight against Bolshevism, are bleeding not only for their friends but also for the sake of their present enemies'.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ Counterintelligence refers to information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or international terrorist activities, sometimes including personnel, physical, document or communications security programs.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ Modern tactics of espionage and dedicated government intelligence agencies were developed over the course of the late 19th century.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ A key background to this development was the Great Game, a period denoting the strategic rivalry and conflict that existed between the British Empire and the Russian Empire throughout Central Asia.", "School social worker __knowledge__ School social workers are one of the three professional pupil services groups that provide counseling services to children and adolescents in schools.", "School social worker __knowledge__ School social workers have worked in schools for over 100 years and are recognized in North America and other several countries.", "School social worker __knowledge__ Learning is both an individual process and a relational process.", "School social worker __knowledge__ School is conceptualized as a community of families and school personnel engaged in the educational process.", "School social worker __knowledge__ A School social worker dons in roles as a mental health expert and leader of social and emotional development within the school community.", "School social worker __knowledge__ School social workers address student community issues by working with parents and the community." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 13, 7, 2 ]

[ "I'm with you. Dogs over cats, any day. There's a reason dogs were one of the first species to be domesticated, and they've essentially been hand-picked over the decades, as they've been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, physical attributes, etc.", "They've been around us, as humans, for so long that they've kind of evolved to suit us as much as themselves, and have become attuned to our behaviors. They can eat starch-rich diets that other canid species couldn't, for example.", "Livestock guardian dogs are so impressive. Even just the sight of them keeps predators at bay. It's interesting how instinctual a lot of dog behavior is, how intuitive they can be. Your dog sees the herd and knows as its core that it must protect it.", "It's that intelligence that leads them to fill so many roles in society... hunting, herding, pulling loads, protecting, assisting police/military, and not to mention companionship. They've been great in social work too, to provide therapeutic assistance to individuals with disabilities.", "How useful and admirable they are as pets today makes you want to study their past... They're slightly related to the gray wolf, which is considered their \"sister taxa,\" but we don't really know the first direct ancestor of the dog these days, and likely means that they're extinct." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Red wine", "I love red wine! It's made from dark colored.... Grapes, maybe?", "Very interesting! I've heard some people like red wine warm, others cold. What's the correct way to serve red wine?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The history of wine-making stretches over millennia.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ A winemaker may also be called a vintner.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation — natural or injected).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Red wine, white wine, and rose are the other main categories.", "Grenache __knowledge__ Grenache () or Garnacha () is one of the most widely planted red wine grape varieties in the world.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It ripens late, so it needs hot, dry conditions such as those found in Spain, where the grape most likely originated.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It is also grown in the Italian isle of Sardinia, the south of France, Australia, and California's San Joaquin Valley.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It is generally spicy, berry-flavored and soft on the palate and produces wine with a relatively high alcohol content, but it needs careful control of yields for best results.", "Grenache __knowledge__ Characteristic flavor profiles on Grenache include red fruit flavors (raspberry and strawberry) with a subtle, white pepper spice note.", "Wine __knowledge__ Wine (from Latin \"vinum\") is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes, generally \"Vitis vinifera\", fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.", "Wine __knowledge__ Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide.", "Wine __knowledge__ Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process.", "Wine __knowledge__ Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins).", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The best known example of a sparkling wine is champagne, which is exclusively produced in the Champagne region of France.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Usually sparkling wine is white or rosé, but there are examples of red sparkling wines such as the Italian Brachetto, Bonarda, and Lambrusco, Australian sparkling Shiraz, and Azerbaijani \"Pearl of Azerbaijan\" made from Madrasa grapes.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sweetness of sparkling wine can range from very dry \"brut\" styles to sweeter \"doux\" varieties (French for 'raw' and 'sweet', respectively).", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sparkling quality of these wines comes from its carbon dioxide content and may be the result of natural fermentation, either in a bottle, as with the traditional method, in a large tank designed to withstand the pressures involved (as in the Charmat process), or as a result of simple carbon dioxide injection in some cheaper sparkling wines.", "Champagne __knowledge__ Champagne () is a type of sparkling wine and type of an alcoholic drink produced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France following rules that demand, among other things, secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to create carbonation, specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from specific parcels in the Champagne appellation and specific pressing regimes unique to the region.", "Champagne __knowledge__ Most people use the term \"Champagne\" as a generic term for sparkling wine, but in some countries, it is illegal to label any product \"Champagne\" unless it both comes from the Champagne region and is produced under the rules of the appellation.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Slovenian wine is wine from Slovenia.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Viticulture and winemaking has existed in this region since the time of the Celts and Illyrians tribes, long before the Romans would introduce winemaking to the lands of France, Spain and Germany.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Today Slovenia has more than 28,000 wineries making between 80 and 90 million litres annually from the country's 22,300 ha of vineyards.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ About 75% of the country's production is white wine.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Almost all of the wine is consumed domestically with only 6.1 million l a year being exported—mostly to the United States, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and lately the Czech Republic.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The result is similar to that of the ice wine process, but suitable for warmer climates.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The classic method dries clusters of grapes on mats of straw in the sun, but some regions dry them under cover, on roofs, or on modern racks, while some hang up the grapes or leave them to dry on the vine.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The technique dates back to pre-Roman times, and most production of these wines has been in Northern Italy, Greece, and the French Alps.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ However producers in other areas are now starting to experiment with the method.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The wine regions of Bordeaux are a large number of wine growing areas, differing widely in size and sometimes overlapping, which lie within the overarching wine region of Bordeaux, centred on the city of Bordeaux and covering the whole area of the Gironde department of Aquitaine.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The Bordeaux region is naturally divided by the Gironde Estuary into a Left Bank area which includes the Médoc and Graves and a Right Bank area which includes the Libournais, Bourg and Blaye.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The Médoc is itself divided into Haut-Médoc (the upstream or southern portion) and Bas-Médoc (the downstream or northern portion, often referred to simply as \"Médoc\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Mulled wine is a beverage usually made with red wine along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is served hot or warm and is alcoholic, although there are non-alcoholic versions of mulled wine.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Wine was first recorded as spiced and heated in Rome during the 2nd century.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Romans travelled across Europe, conquering much of it and trading with the rest.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The legions brought wine and viticulture with them up to the Rhine and Danube rivers and to the Scottish border, along with their recipes.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Forme of Cury, a medieval English cookery book from 1390, which mentioned mulled wine, says: \"Pur fait Ypocras …\" grinding together cinnamon, ginger, galangal, cloves, long pepper, nutmeg, marjoram, cardamom and grains of paradise (\"spykenard de Spayn\", rosemary may be substituted).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The history of wine-making stretches over millennia.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ A winemaker may also be called a vintner.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation — natural or injected).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Red wine, white wine, and rose are the other main categories.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Wine __knowledge__ Wine (from Latin \"vinum\") is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes, generally \"Vitis vinifera\", fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.", "Wine __knowledge__ Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide.", "Wine __knowledge__ Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process.", "Wine __knowledge__ Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins).", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region of Germany.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is an aromatic grape variety displaying flowery, almost perfumed, aromas as well as high acidity.", "Riesling __knowledge__ It is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and sparkling white wines.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling wines are usually varietally pure and are seldom oaked.", "Riesling __knowledge__ As of 2004, Riesling was estimated to be the world's 20th most grown variety at (with an increasing trend), but in terms of importance for quality wines, it is usually included in the \"top three\" white wine varieties together with Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc.", "Riesling __knowledge__ Riesling is a variety which is highly \"\"terroir\"-expressive\", meaning that the character of Riesling wines is greatly influenced by the wine's place of origin.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 10 ]

[ "Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored\\", "actually,the color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "What about white wine,wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold" ]

[ "Red wine", "Red wine", "Red wine" ]

[ "Dragon\nall i know about dragons is from Game of Thrones", "they are cool on Game of Thrones, have you seen it?", "too bad, it's very good, what tv shows do you enjoy?", "I watched SoA and i loved Breaking Bad, have you seen Better Call Saul?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fictional world in which the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Most of the story takes place on the continent Westeros, in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The \"Seven Kingdoms\" actually consist of nine regions (the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne), and there is a largely unmapped area to the north, separated from the Seven Kingdoms by a massive wall of ice and old magic.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The vast continent of Essos lies to the east of Westeros, across the Narrow Sea.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots is the official expansion pack to the real-time strategy video game \"Rise of Nations\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ The game is the second in a series of \"Rise of Nations\" games by Big Huge Games.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" had its premiere release for Microsoft Windows on April 27, 2004 in North America.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ It was ported to and released for Mac OS X in November 2004.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Rise of Nations: Extended Edition\" was released on Steam on June 12, 2014 and includes both the original game and \"Thrones and Patriots\" with updated graphics and Steamworks integration for multiplayer.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" expanded on a variety of features in the original game, such as new monuments (called \"Wonders\"), nations, governments, and campaigns.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She is a prominent character in Martin's award-winning \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She subsequently appeared in the following three novels, \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005).", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ While absent from the fifth novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" as the books are separated geographically, Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ Chinese dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology and Chinese folklore.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ The dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ Chinese dragons traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, typhoons, and floods.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck for people who are worthy of it.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ With this, the Emperor of China usually used the dragon as a symbol of his imperial power and strength.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ In Chinese daily language, excellent and outstanding people are compared to a dragon, while incapable people with no achievements are compared with other, disesteemed creatures, such as a worm.", "Draconic creature __knowledge__ The \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game contains many monsters that are similar or related to dragons but which are not \"true dragons\".", "Draconic creature __knowledge__ These can be magical beasts, or creatures of other types, which resemble dragons.", "Draconic creature __knowledge__ Alternatively, they could have the dragon type or keyword, but not be true dragons, or they could have the \"dragonblood\" subtype in the 3rd edition of \"Dungeons & Dragons\".", "Draconic creature __knowledge__ Ambush drakes are dragons that are lupine in form rather than feline like true dragons.", "Draconic creature __knowledge__ They are short, squat and compact compared to normal dragons, but still grow to be at least as large as an adult human.", "European dragon __knowledge__ European dragons are legendary creatures in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In the modern period, the European dragon is typically depicted as a large, fire-breathing, scaly, horned, lizard-like creature; the creature also has leathery, bat-like wings, four legs, and a long, muscular prehensile tail.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Some depictions show dragons with feathered wings, crests, ear frills, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine, and various exotic decorations.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Others have no legs or multiple heads.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In folktales, dragon's blood often contains unique powers, keeping them alive for longer or giving them poisonous or acidic properties.", "List of Magic: The Gathering keywords __knowledge__ This is a list of keywords in the trading card game \"\".", "List of Magic: The Gathering keywords __knowledge__ A keyword in \"Magic: The Gathering\" is a word or phrase (usually one or two words) appearing on a card, used to indicate that the card possesses a certain attribute or ability.", "List of Magic: The Gathering keywords __knowledge__ These keywords are used in place of the full explanation of the attribute or ability, and are instead explained in detail in sections 701 and 702 of the Comprehensive Rules.", "List of Magic: The Gathering keywords __knowledge__ However, in certain sets some keywords are immediately followed by italicized, parenthesized text (known as \"reminder text\") fully explaining the meaning behind the keyword.", "List of Magic: The Gathering keywords __knowledge__ Every keyword in a Core Set has reminder text.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ His theory that \"hierophanies\" form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of \"Eternal Return\", which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.", "Japanese dragon __knowledge__ Japanese dragons (日本の竜 \"Nihon no ryū\") are diverse legendary creatures in Japanese mythology and folklore.", "Japanese dragon __knowledge__ Japanese dragon myths amalgamate native legends with imported stories about dragons from China, Korea and India.", "Japanese dragon __knowledge__ The style of the dragon was heavily influenced by the Chinese dragon.", "Japanese dragon __knowledge__ Like these other Asian dragons, most Japanese ones are water deities associated with rainfall and bodies of water, and are typically depicted as large, wingless, serpentine creatures with clawed feet.", "Japanese dragon __knowledge__ The modern Japanese language has numerous \"dragon\" words, including indigenous \"tatsu\" from Old Japanese \"ta-tu\", Sino-Japanese \"ryū\" or \"ryō\" from Chinese , \"nāga\" ナーガ from Sanskrit \"nāga\", and \"doragon\" ドラゴン from English \"\" (the latter being used almost exclusively to refer to the European dragon and derived fictional creatures)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media and gender refers to the relationship between media and gender, and how representations of the different genders created for and by mass media.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media can range from newspapers, magazines, comic strips, novels, CDs and music videos.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ These representations can influence the general public's perception of the different genders.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ It is important to continue exploring interactions of media and gender to dismiss personal choices, but to see the larger context, and potential consequences for ourselves and others.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Advertisements and pictures in magazines carry significant messages about cultural norms and values, but also norms of gendered relations for both men and women.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1997.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ A 60-episode syndication package titled \"The Mystery Science Theater Hour\" was produced in 1995.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another season to follow in the near future.", "Mithraism __knowledge__ Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries, was a mystery religion centered around the god Mithras that was practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to the 4th century CE.", "Mithraism __knowledge__ The religion was inspired by Persian worship of the god Mithra (proto-Indo-Iranian Mitra), though the Greek \"Mithras\" was linked to a new and distinctive imagery, and the level of continuity between Persian and Greco-Roman practice is debated.", "Mithraism __knowledge__ The mysteries were popular in the Roman military.", "Mithraism __knowledge__ Worshippers of Mithras had a complex system of seven grades of initiation and communal ritual meals.", "Mithraism __knowledge__ Initiates called themselves \"syndexioi\", those \"united by the handshake\".", "Black-figure pottery __knowledge__ Black-figure pottery painting, also known as the black-figure style or black-figure ceramic (Greek, \"μελανόμορφα\", \"melanomorpha\") is one of the styles of painting on antique Greek vases.", "Black-figure pottery __knowledge__ It was especially common between the 7th and 5th centuries BC, although there are specimens dating as late as the 2nd century BC.", "Black-figure pottery __knowledge__ Stylistically it can be distinguished from the preceding orientalizing period and the subsequent red-figure pottery style.", "Black-figure pottery __knowledge__ Figures and ornaments were painted on the body of the vessel using shapes and colors reminiscent of silhouettes.", "Black-figure pottery __knowledge__ Delicate contours were incised into the paint before firing, and details could be reinforced and highlighted with opaque colors, usually white and red.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.", "Reptile __knowledge__ The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"reptiles\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping (or clade).", "Reptile __knowledge__ For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class.", "Representation theory of the Lorentz group __knowledge__ The Lorentz group is a Lie group of symmetries of the spacetime of special relativity.", "Representation theory of the Lorentz group __knowledge__ This group can be realized as a collection of matrices, linear transformations, or unitary operators on some Hilbert space; it has a variety of representations.", "Representation theory of the Lorentz group __knowledge__ In any relativistically invariant physical theory, these representations must enter in some fashion; physics itself must be made out of them.", "Representation theory of the Lorentz group __knowledge__ Indeed, special relativity together with quantum mechanics are the two physical theories that are most thoroughly established, and the conjunction of these two theories is the study of the infinite-dimensional unitary representations of the Lorentz group.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ The representation theory of groups is a part of mathematics which examines how groups act on given structures.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ Here the focus is in particular on operations of groups on vector spaces.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ Nevertheless, groups acting on other groups or on sets are also considered.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ For more details, please refer to the section on permutation representations.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ Please note, that except for a few marked exceptions only finite groups will be considered in this article.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ We will also restrain to vector spaces over fields of characteristic zero.", "Representation theory of finite groups __knowledge__ Because the theory of algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero is complete, a theory valid for a special algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is also valid for every other algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece and its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture, arts, and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ Better Call Saul is an American television crime drama series created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould.", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ It is a spin-off prequel of Gilligan's prior series \"Breaking Bad\".", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ Set in 2002, \"Better Call Saul\" follows the story of small-time lawyer James Morgan \"Jimmy\" McGill (Bob Odenkirk), six years before his appearance on \"Breaking Bad\" as Saul Goodman; events after the original series are briefly explored as well.", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ The first season, which premiered on AMC on February 8, 2015, consists of 10 episodes.", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ The show's 10-episode second season premiered on February 15, 2016.", "Better Call Saul __knowledge__ The series was renewed for a 10-episode third season, which premiered April 10, 2017.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ \"Breaking Bad\" is an American television series created by Vince Gilligan.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ The show was followed, in 2015, by the prequel series \"Better Call Saul\".", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from both series.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ Walter Hartwell White (also known by his clandestine alias Heisenberg) (played by Bryan Cranston) is an underachieving Albuquerque, New Mexico high school chemistry teacher who, after being diagnosed with lung cancer, starts manufacturing methamphetamine to provide for his family upon his death.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ Knowing nothing about the drug trade, he enlists the aid of his former student, Jesse Pinkman, to sell the meth he produces.", "Uno (Better Call Saul) __knowledge__ \"Uno\" is the series premiere of the AMC television series \"Better Call Saul\", the spinoff series of \"Breaking Bad\".", "Uno (Better Call Saul) __knowledge__ The series takes place in 2002, approximately six years prior to the title character Saul Goodman (Bob Odenkirk) meeting Walter White (Bryan Cranston).", "Uno (Better Call Saul) __knowledge__ The episode aired on February 8, 2015 on AMC.", "Uno (Better Call Saul) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series creators Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould, and directed by Gilligan.", "Uno (Better Call Saul) __knowledge__ The episode received highly favorable reviews from critics, and it also broke the record for the highest-rated series premiere for a scripted series in U.S. cable history, with 6.9 million viewers before it was overtaken by \"Fear the Walking Dead\".", "Breaking Bad __knowledge__ Breaking Bad is an American neo-western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan.", "Breaking Bad __knowledge__ The show originally aired on the AMC network for five seasons, from January 20, 2008 to September 29, 2013.", "Breaking Bad __knowledge__ It tells the story of Walter White (Bryan Cranston), a struggling high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer.", "Breaking Bad __knowledge__ Together with his former student Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), White turns to a life of crime by producing and selling crystallized methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal world.", "Saul Goodman __knowledge__ James Morgan \"Jimmy\" McGill, also known as Saul Goodman and Gene, is a fictional character who appears in the television series \"Breaking Bad\" and serves as the title character of its spin-off prequel series \"Better Call Saul\".", "Saul Goodman __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Bob Odenkirk, and was created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould.", "Saul Goodman __knowledge__ \"Better Call Saul\" revolves around the life of Jimmy McGill beginning around 2002, prior to (and, to a limited extent, after) the events of \"Breaking Bad\".", "Saul Goodman __knowledge__ McGill starts the series as a talented but unsuccessful lawyer overshadowed by his older brother Chuck, working closely with his fellow attorney and on-off partner Kim Wexler.", "Mike Ehrmantraut __knowledge__ Michael Ehrmantraut is a fictional character in \"Breaking Bad\" and its prequel spin-off series \"Better Call Saul\".", "Mike Ehrmantraut __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Jonathan Banks in both series.", "Mike Ehrmantraut __knowledge__ Mike is a former Philadelphia police officer who, nominally, works for Los Pollos Hermanos as the head of corporate security; in reality, he is an assassin and enforcer in Gus Fring's crystal meth operation.", "Mike Ehrmantraut __knowledge__ On occasion, he works for Saul Goodman as a private investigator, cleaner, and fixer.", "Mike Ehrmantraut __knowledge__ For his portrayal, Banks was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series; first for season 5 of \"Breaking Bad\", and three more for seasons 1–3 of \"Better Call Saul\".", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ Thomas Schnauz is an American television producer and television writer.", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ His credits include \"The X-Files\", \"The Lone Gunmen\", \"Night Stalker\", \"Reaper\", \"Breaking Bad\", and \"Better Call Saul\".", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ Schnauz was born in New Jersey.", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ He attended New York University's Tisch School of Arts, where he first met fellow student Vince Gilligan.", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ Schnauz graduated Tisch in 1988.", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ Schnauz started his career in various production jobs.", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ His first screenplay was called \"Spirits in Passing\".", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ He eventually joined Vince Gilligan on the writing staffs of \"The X-Files\" and its spinoff show, \"The Lone Gunmen\".", "Thomas Schnauz __knowledge__ He also co-wrote the screenplays for the 2008 film \"Otis\" and the 2008 television film \"Infected\".", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ Becomes SAMCRO's President following Jax stepping down and being voted to \"meet Mr. Mayhem\".", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ Alexander \"Tig\" Trager (Kim Coates) Is Clay's most entrusted and right-hand man as his Sergeant-at-Arms.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ He does much of the dirty work and killings for Clay.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ He has 2 daughters, Dawn (deceased) and Fawn.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ He has strange and unusual sexual desires that are mentioned throughout the series.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ Later he becomes Vice President under Chibs following Jax stepping down and being voted to \"meet Mr. Mayhem\" in the series finale.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ Happy Lowman (David LaBrava) is SAMCRO's Sergeant-at-Arms as of Season 6.", "List of Sons of Anarchy characters __knowledge__ His real name is never revealed and has the nickname happy because he gets a happy face tattoo every time he does a hit or kill.", "Box Cutter (Breaking Bad) __knowledge__ \"Box Cutter\" is the fourth season premiere of the American television drama series \"Breaking Bad\", and its 34th episode overall.", "Box Cutter (Breaking Bad) __knowledge__ Written by series creator Vince Gilligan and directed by Adam Bernstein, \"Box Cutter\" originally aired on AMC in the United States on July 17, 2011.", "Box Cutter (Breaking Bad) __knowledge__ The narrative follows protagonist Walter White (Bryan Cranston) and his partner Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul) as they face repercussions from drug kingpin Gustavo Fring (Giancarlo Esposito) for killing Gale during the previous season.", "Box Cutter (Breaking Bad) __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Skyler White (Anna Gunn) breaks into her husband Walter's condominium to investigate his sudden disappearance, and Marie Schrader (Betsy Brandt) struggles to help Hank Schrader (Dean Norris) recover from his injuries.", "List of dragons in Dragon Booster __knowledge__ The following section will explain each of the fictional dragons featured in the Canadian animated series Dragon Booster.", "List of dragons in Dragon Booster __knowledge__ This also includes dragons from which are not common within the show, as you may see them only in a few episodes.", "List of dragons in Dragon Booster __knowledge__ This section will provide a general overview of each particular dragon, as well as get into more specifics later on.", "List of dragons in Dragon Booster __knowledge__ Along with the information concerning the various dragons in Dragon Booster, it will also discuss various types of gears from which the various dragons can use (if applicable to that particular dragon).", "List of dragons in Dragon Booster __knowledge__ Also this section explains each dragon's personality traits and bonds with their riders.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 0, 9 ]

[ "Dragons are legendary creatures, that spew fire and are featured in many myths around the world. They are very cool.", "No, I don't watch that show. Surprises me that they feature mythological representations of reptiles in that show.", "I like Sons of Anarchy, Breaking Bad, The Killing, Fringe, etc. But I normally don't watch shows about dragons either. ", "Yes, but I found it very slow and didn't enjoy it much. I'd rather watch a show about dragons to be honest. Dragons are usually depicted as a huge lizard in modern movies." ]

[ "Dragon", "Dragon", "Dragon", "Dragon" ]

[ "Stephen King\nHave you ever read or seen anything by Stephen King? He is very prolific", "I have never read that one, what is it about?", "That does not sound fun, almost sounds like the start of Luigi's Mansion! I have seen IT which may be his mos popular work", "I remmeber that, I still think it was a classic, I would love to see a sequel on the Nintendo Switch!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King was born September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His father, Donald Edwin King, was a merchant seaman.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Donald was born under the surname Pollock, but as an adult, used the surname King.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King's mother was Nellie Ruth (née Pillsbury).", "Stephen King __knowledge__ When Stephen King was two years old, his father left the family under the pretense of \"going to buy a pack of cigarettes\", leaving his mother to raise Stephen and his older brother, David, by herself, sometimes under great financial strain.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ \"The Dark Tower\" is a series of eight novels written by American author Stephen King, which incorporate multiple genres including fantasy, science fantasy, horror and western.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Below are \"The Dark Tower\" characters that come into play as the series progresses.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland Deschain, son of Steven Deschain, was born in the Barony of Gilead, in In-World.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland is the last surviving gunslinger, a man whose goal is finding and climbing to the top of the Dark Tower, purported to be the very center of existence, so that he may right the wrongs in his land.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ This quest is his obsession, monomania and geas to Roland: In the beginning the success of the quest is more important than the lives of his family and friends.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark\", he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim, originally envisioned by King as a separate character, in \"The Dark Tower\" series.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ Rocky Wood (19 October 1959 – 1 December 2014) was an award-winning New Zealand-born Australian writer and researcher best known for his books about horror author Stephen King.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ He is the first author from outside North America or Europe to hold the position of President of the Horror Writers Association.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ Wood was born in Wellington, New Zealand and lived in Melbourne, Australia with his family.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ He has been a freelance writer for over 35 years.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ His writing career began at university, where he wrote a national newspaper column in New Zealand on extra-terrestrial life and UFO-related phenomena and published other articles about the phenomenon worldwide, in the course of which research he met such figures as Erich von Däniken and J. Allen Hynek; and had articles on the security industry published in the US, Canada, the UK, New Zealand and South Africa.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The Dollar Baby (or Dollar Deal) is an arrangement where best-selling author Stephen King grants permission to students and aspiring filmmakers or theatre producers to adapt one of his short stories for $1.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to the film or play itself, or the maker (for example, \"The Sun Dog\" was made as a Dollar Baby, or writer/director Frank Darabont was a Dollar Baby).", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The production budgets range from a few hundred dollars to over $60,000 (\"Umney's Last Case\") and the film formats range from home video to professional 35 mm film.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ A book about the Dollar Baby films was released in July 2015 by Dollar Baby filmmaker Shawn S. Lealos." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King was born September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His father, Donald Edwin King, was a merchant seaman.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Donald was born under the surname Pollock, but as an adult, used the surname King.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King's mother was Nellie Ruth (née Pillsbury).", "Stephen King __knowledge__ When Stephen King was two years old, his father left the family under the pretense of \"going to buy a pack of cigarettes\", leaving his mother to raise Stephen and his older brother, David, by herself, sometimes under great financial strain.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Enrico Mattei (April 29, 1906 – October 27, 1962) was an Italian public administrator.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ After World War II he was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency Agip, a state enterprise established by the Fascist regime.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Instead Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust, \"Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi\" (ENI).", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Under his direction ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union which helped break the oligopoly of the 'Seven Sisters' that dominated the mid 20th century oil industry.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.", "Mattei family __knowledge__ The House of Mattei was one of the most powerful noble families of Rome during the Middle Ages and early modern era, holding high positions in the papal curia and government office.", "Mattei family __knowledge__ The family amassed significant art collections under art enthusiasts such as Ciriaco Mattei.", "Mattei family __knowledge__ The Mattei gave eight Cardinals to the Catholic Church, among them Girolamo Mattei (1586), Gaspare Mattei (1643), Alessandro Mattei (1803), Mario Mattei (1832), Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (1833) and (as late as 1875) Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei.", "Mattei family __knowledge__ The founder of one powerful branch of the Mattei was Giovanni Giacomo Mattei.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Bruno Mattei (30 July 1931 – 21 May 2007) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and editor who directed exploitation films in many genres, including women in prison, nunsploitation, zombie, cannibal and Naziploitation films.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei's films were often following the popular genre trends of the era.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei continued work as a director until his death in 2007.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Bruno Mattei was born on July 30, 1931 in Rome, Italy.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei grew up around films as his father owned a film editing studio.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ He studied at the Centro Sperimentale Centrale, the national film school, and graduated in 1951.", "Bruno Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei initially worked as a screenwriter and claimed to have worked on over 100 films as an editor, a claim that film historian Louis Paul stated was \"difficult to verify\".", "Fontana delle Tartarughe __knowledge__ The Fontana delle Tartarughe (The Turtle Fountain) is a fountain of the late Italian Renaissance, located in Piazza Mattei, in the Sant'Angelo district of Rome, Italy.", "Fontana delle Tartarughe __knowledge__ It was built between 1580 and 1588 by the architect Giacomo della Porta and the sculptor Taddeo Landini.", "Fontana delle Tartarughe __knowledge__ The bronze turtles around the upper basin, usually attributed either to Gian Lorenzo Bernini or Andrea Sacchi, were added in either 1658 or 1659 when the fountain was restored.", "Fontana delle Tartarughe __knowledge__ The Fontana delle Tatarughe, like all Renaissance fountains, was designed to supply drinking water to the Roman population.", "Fontana delle Tartarughe __knowledge__ It was one of a group of eighteen new fountains built in Rome in the sixteenth century following the restoration of a ruined first century Roman acqueduct, the Acqua Vergine, by Pope Gregory XIII.", "Mauro De Mauro __knowledge__ Mauro De Mauro (born September 6, 1921 – disappeared September 16, 1970) was an Italian investigative journalist.", "Mauro De Mauro __knowledge__ Originally a supporter of the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini he eventually became a journalist with the left-leaning newspaper \"L'Ora\" in Palermo.", "Mauro De Mauro __knowledge__ He disappeared in September 1970 and his body has not yet been found.", "Mauro De Mauro __knowledge__ The disappearance and probable death of the \"inconvenient journalist\" (\"giornalista scomodo\") – as he became known as a result of his investigative reporting – remains one of the unsolved mysteries in Italian history.", "Mauro De Mauro __knowledge__ Several explanations for his disappearance are current.", "Asdrubale Mattei __knowledge__ Asdrubale Mattei (died 1638), Duca di Giove, was an Italian nobleman of the House of Mattei, an avid art collector and a patron of Caravaggio.", "Asdrubale Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei was the third of three sons of Alessandro Mattei and Emilia Mazzatosta and the younger brother of Ciriaco Mattei and Cardinal Girolamo Mattei.", "Asdrubale Mattei __knowledge__ He married Costanza Gonzaga (of the House of Gonzaga) and they had three sons: In 1597, Mattei and his brother Ciriaco paid 65,000 scudi for the fortified comune of Giove which allowed Mattei to be appointed \"Duca di Giove\" (Duke of Giove).", "Asdrubale Mattei __knowledge__ Mattei passed the title and property to his son, Girolamo.", "Asdrubale Mattei __knowledge__ Between 1598 and 1618, Mattei commissioned architect Carlo Maderno to build the Palazzo Mattei.", "Antonio Mattei Lluberas __knowledge__ Antonio Mattei Lluberas (September 7, 1857 – January 15, 1908), was a businessman and politician who in 1897 planned and led the second and last major uprising against Spanish colonial rule in Puerto Rico, known as the Intentona de Yauco.", "Antonio Mattei Lluberas __knowledge__ Mattei Lluberas was born in the town of Yauco, Puerto Rico to Antonio Mattei Casanova and Mercedes Lluberas Torres de Figueroa.", "Antonio Mattei Lluberas __knowledge__ Mattei Lluberas' father's parents, who were of Corsican descent, sent him to France where he received his primary and secondary education.", "Antonio Mattei Lluberas __knowledge__ He returned to Puerto Rico and became a wealthy businessman after he established a successful coffee plantation.", "Supernatural fiction __knowledge__ Supernatural fiction or supernaturalist fiction is a genre of literary and media fiction exploiting or requiring as plot devices or themes some contradictions of the commonplace natural world and materialist assumptions about it.", "Supernatural fiction __knowledge__ It is a genre of speculative fiction.", "Supernatural fiction __knowledge__ In its broadest definition, supernatural fiction includes examples of weird fiction, horror fiction, vampire literature, ghost story, and fantasy.", "Supernatural fiction __knowledge__ Elements of supernatural fiction can be found in writing from the genre of science fiction.", "Supernatural fiction __knowledge__ Amongst academics, readers and collectors, however, supernatural fiction is often classed as a discrete genre defined by the elimination of \"horror\", \"fantasy\", and elements important to other genres.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "H. P. Lovecraft __knowledge__ Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American writer who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction.", "H. P. Lovecraft __knowledge__ He was virtually unknown and published only in pulp magazines before he died in poverty, but he is now regarded as one of the most significant 20th-century authors in his genre.", "H. P. Lovecraft __knowledge__ Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island, where he spent most of his life.", "H. P. Lovecraft __knowledge__ Among his most celebrated tales are \"The Rats in the Walls\", \"The Call of Cthulhu\", \"At the Mountains of Madness\" and \"The Shadow Out of Time\", all canonical to the Cthulhu Mythos.", "Walter de la Mare __knowledge__ Walter John de la Mare (; 25 April 1873 – 22 June 1956) was a British poet, short story writer and novelist.", "Walter de la Mare __knowledge__ He is probably best remembered for his works for children, for his poem \"The Listeners\", and for a highly acclaimed selection of subtle psychological horror stories, amongst them \"Seaton's Aunt\" and \"All Hallows\".", "Walter de la Mare __knowledge__ His 1921 novel \"Memoirs of a Midget\" won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction, and his post-war \"Collected Stories for Children\" won the 1947 Carnegie Medal for British children's books.", "Walter de la Mare __knowledge__ De la Mare was born in Kent at 83 Maryon Road, Charlton (now part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich), partly descended from a family of French Huguenots, and was educated at St Paul's Cathedral School.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ Robert Bausch (born April 18, 1945) is an American fiction writer, the author of nine novels and one collection of short stories.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He is currently a Professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College, and he has taught at the University of Virginia, The American University, Johns Hopkins University, George Mason University, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ His fourth novel, \"A Hole in the Earth\", was a \"New York Times\" Notable Book of the Year and a \"Washington Post\" Favorite Book of the Year.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He has been awarded the Fellowship of Southern Writers' award for fiction for his fifth novel, \"The Gypsy Man\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King was born September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His father, Donald Edwin King, was a merchant seaman.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Donald was born under the surname Pollock, but as an adult, used the surname King.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King's mother was Nellie Ruth (née Pillsbury).", "Stephen King __knowledge__ When Stephen King was two years old, his father left the family under the pretense of \"going to buy a pack of cigarettes\", leaving his mother to raise Stephen and his older brother, David, by herself, sometimes under great financial strain.", "SN 2006gy __knowledge__ SN 2006gy was an extremely energetic supernova, also referred to as a hypernova or quark-nova, that was discovered on September 18, 2006.", "SN 2006gy __knowledge__ It was first observed by Robert Quimby and P. Mondol, and then studied by several teams of astronomers using facilities that included the Chandra, Lick, and Keck Observatories.", "SN 2006gy __knowledge__ In May 2007 NASA and several of the astronomers announced the first detailed analyses of the supernova, describing it as the \"brightest stellar explosion ever recorded\".", "SN 2006gy __knowledge__ In October 2007 Quimby announced that SN 2005ap had broken SN 2006gy's record as the brightest ever recorded supernova, and several subsequent discoveries are brighter still.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ \"Luigi's Mansion\" was well received by reviewers, despite being criticized for its short length.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ The game has sold over 2.5 million copies, and is the fifth best-selling Nintendo GameCube game in the United States.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ It was one of the first games to be re-released as a Player's Choice title on the system.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ The game was later followed by a sequel entitled \"\", released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ In \"Luigi's Mansion\", the main story is played out over four stages, with players able to also access a training room and a gallery at the laboratory of Professor E. Gadd between stages.", "Luigi's Mansion __knowledge__ In each stage, players control Luigi as he explores the mansion's rooms and hunts down the ghosts that lay within them, acquiring keys to get through locked doors and eventually dealing with a boss ghost hidden at the end of the stage, with more rooms becoming accessible as each stage is completed.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ The Ecstatic is the 2009 fourth studio album by American rapper Mos Def.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ After venturing further away from hip hop with an acting career and two poorly received albums, Mos Def signed with Downtown Records and recorded \"The Ecstatic\" primarily at the Record Plant in Los Angeles.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ He worked with producers such as Preservation, Mr.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ Flash, Oh No, and Madlib, the latter two of whom reused instrumentals they had produced on Stones Throw Records.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ Singer Georgia Anne Muldrow, formerly of the record label, was one of the album's few guest vocalists, along with rappers Slick Rick and Talib Kweli.", "The Ecstatic __knowledge__ For its front cover, a still from Charles Burnett's 1978 film \"Killer of Sheep\" was reproduced in red tint.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Bitch I'm Madonna __knowledge__ \"Bitch I'm Madonna\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her thirteenth studio album, \"Rebel Heart\" (2015), featuring guest vocals from rapper Nicki Minaj.", "Bitch I'm Madonna __knowledge__ The artists co-wrote the song with MoZella, Toby Gad, Ariel Rechtshaid, Diplo, and Sophie; the latter two co-produced it with Madonna.", "Bitch I'm Madonna __knowledge__ It was released as the third single from the album by Interscope Records on June 15, 2015, along with a number of remixes commissioned.", "Bitch I'm Madonna __knowledge__ An EDM song, its lyrics speak about Madonna having continuous fun because she is Madonna.", "Bitch I'm Madonna __knowledge__ The song divided music critics, as some called it \"energetic\", applauding Minaj's rap verse and its unusual composition, while others criticized it for being \"desperate to shock\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on September 13, 2005, on The WB, and subsequently became part of successor The CW's lineup.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Warner Bros. Television, in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision.", "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Along with Kripke, executive producers have been McG, Robert Singer, Phil Sgriccia, Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, John Shiban, Ben Edlund and Adam Glass.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "Ghost __knowledge__ In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living.", "Ghost __knowledge__ Descriptions of ghosts vary widely from an invisible presence to translucent or barely visible wispy shapes, to realistic, lifelike visions.", "Ghost __knowledge__ The deliberate attempt to contact the spirit of a deceased person is known as necromancy, or in spiritism as a \"séance\".", "Ghost __knowledge__ The belief in the existence of an afterlife, as well as manifestations of the spirits of the dead is widespread, dating back to animism or ancestor worship in pre-literate cultures.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ This list is of characters featured in the \"Gaunt's Ghosts\" series of novels by Dan Abnett, which are set in the fictional \"Warhammer 40,000\" universe.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Biographical details are included.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt is the commanding officer of the Tanith First-and-Only during the Sabbat Worlds Crusade.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Not much is known of Gaunt's past prior to his training under Commissar-General Delane Oktar, but several flashbacks in \"First and Only\" tell enough to form a picture of his early years (according to the records, his mother died shortly after he was born and his father was killed in action by Orks on the planet Kentaur).", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King was born September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His father, Donald Edwin King, was a merchant seaman.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Donald was born under the surname Pollock, but as an adult, used the surname King.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King's mother was Nellie Ruth (née Pillsbury).", "Stephen King __knowledge__ When Stephen King was two years old, his father left the family under the pretense of \"going to buy a pack of cigarettes\", leaving his mother to raise Stephen and his older brother, David, by herself, sometimes under great financial strain.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ The Nintendo Switch is the seventh major video game console developed by Nintendo.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Known in development by its codename NX, it was unveiled in October 2016 and was released worldwide on March 3, 2017.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Nintendo considers the Switch a \"hybrid\" console: it is designed primarily as a home console, with the main unit inserted onto a docking station to connect to a television.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Alternatively, it can be removed from the dock and used similarly to a tablet computer through its LCD touchscreen, or placed in a standalone tabletop mode visible to several players.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ The Nintendo Switch uses the wireless Joy-Con controllers, which include standard buttons and directional analog sticks for user input, motion sensing, and high-definition tactile feedback.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ The Nintendo Network is Nintendo's online service which provides online functionality for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U systems and their compatible games.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ Announced on January 26, 2012 at an investors' conference, it is Nintendo's second online service after Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ Former president of Nintendo Satoru Iwata said, \"Unlike Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, which has been focused upon specific functionalities and concepts, we are aiming to establish a platform where various services available through the network for our consumers shall be connected via Nintendo Network service so that the company can make comprehensive proposals to consumers.\"", "Nintendo eShop __knowledge__ The Nintendo eShop is a digital distribution service powered by the Nintendo Network for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, and by a dedicated online infrastructure for Nintendo Switch.", "Nintendo eShop __knowledge__ Launched in June 2011 on the Nintendo 3DS, the eShop was enabled by the release of a system update that added the functionality to the Nintendo 3DS's HOME Menu.", "Nintendo eShop __knowledge__ It is the successor to both the Wii Shop Channel and DSi Shop.", "Nintendo eShop __knowledge__ Unlike on the Nintendo 3DS, the eShop was made available on the launch date of the Wii U, although a system update is required in order to access it.", "Nintendo eShop __knowledge__ It is also a multitasking application, which means it is easily accessible even when a game is already running in the background through the system software, though this feature is exclusive to the Wii U and the Nintendo Switch.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ Virtual Console is a line of downloadable retro games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home gaming consoles and the Nintendo 3DS portable gaming console.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation (excluding GBA titles on 3DS), and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points (Wii), US$2.99 and US$6.99 (3DS) and US$4.99 and US$9.99 (Wii U) depending on system, rarity, and/or demand.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ Virtual Console's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS, as well as Sega's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive, NEC's TurboGrafx-16, and SNK's Neo Geo AES.", "Wii U __knowledge__ The Wii U ( ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo, and the successor to the Wii.", "Wii U __knowledge__ The console was released in November 2012 and was the first eighth-generation video game console, as it competed with Sony's PlayStation 4 and Microsoft's Xbox One.", "Wii U __knowledge__ The Wii U is the first Nintendo console to support HD graphics.", "Wii U __knowledge__ The system's primary controller is the Wii U GamePad, which features an embedded touchscreen, and combines directional buttons, analog sticks, and action buttons.", "Wii U __knowledge__ The screen can be used either as a supplement to the main display (either providing an alternate, asymmetric gameplay experience, or a means of local multiplayer without resorting to a split screen), or in supported games, to play the game directly on the GamePad independently of the television.", "Nintendo mobile games __knowledge__ Up through 2015, Nintendo, a home and handheld video game console manufacturer and game developer, has traditionally focused on games that utilize unique elements of its consoles.", "Nintendo mobile games __knowledge__ However, the growth of the mobile gaming market in the early 2010s led to several successive fiscal quarters where they were running at a loss.", "Nintendo mobile games __knowledge__ Nintendo, led by president Satoru Iwata at the time, developed a strategy for entering into the mobile games market with development partner DeNA, as a means of introducing their franchise properties to mobile players with a goal of bringing them to buy Nintendo's consoles later.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Bad Little Kid __knowledge__ Bad Little Kid is a short horror story by Stephen King, which was originally published in German and French in an electronic version.", "Bad Little Kid __knowledge__ The first paper print in English was in Kings 2015 short story collection, The Bazaar of Bad Dreams.", "Bad Little Kid __knowledge__ Leonard Bradley, a Lawyer, visits his client, George Hallas, a man sentenced to death by lethal injection for the murder of a young boy, in prison.", "Bad Little Kid __knowledge__ Hallas will be executed next morning, despite all Bradley’s attempts to prevent it, but so far has never given a statement for why he committed this brutal act.", "Bad Little Kid __knowledge__ Now, however, he finally feels like talking about what he calls “the bad little kid”; a six or seven-year-old, rather pudgy boy with orange hair, green eyes and a beanie, that made his life a living hell for years.", "1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team __knowledge__ The 1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1922 Southern Conference football season.", "1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team __knowledge__ During the season, Dan McGugin's 18th as head coach, Vanderbilt compiled a record of 8–0–1 (5–0 in conference games) and outscored its opponents 177 to 16.", "1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team __knowledge__ The Commodores' defense was unrivaled in the South, leading the nation in giving up just 1.8 points per game, none of them at home.", "1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team __knowledge__ The season was immediately dubbed one of the best in Vanderbilt and Southern football history.", "1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team __knowledge__ It was also the Commodores' first year in the newly formed Southern Conference (SoCon), in which the team tied with North Carolina and Georgia Tech for the conference championship.", "Characters of Chrono Cross __knowledge__ While its predecessor, like most role-playing games at the time, only offered a handful of playable characters, \"Chrono Cross\" was notable for making 45 different characters available for recruitment over the course of the game, each with distinct backstory and speech patterns.", "Characters of Chrono Cross __knowledge__ The game's writer, Masato Kato, started with the core characters from \"Radical Dreamers\", a rare, Japan-only visual novel he felt ultimately went unfinished, and greatly expanded the cast and scenario, while leaving the creation of some minor characters to various other members of the development team.", "Characters of Chrono Cross __knowledge__ The developers also created an \"auto accent program\", to apply accents and other quirks to character's dialogue, making the dialogue altered depending on who was present in the player's party.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter.", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Raised in Compton, California, Lamar embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot, releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE).", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ He began to gain recognition in 2010, after his first retail release, \"Overly Dedicated\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ The following year, he independently released his first studio album, \"Section.80\", which included his debut single, \"HiiiPoWeR\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ By that time, he had amassed a large online following and collaborated with several prominent artists in the hip hop industry, including The Game, Busta Rhymes, and Snoop Dogg." ] ]

[ 1, 47, 16, 17 ]

[ "I think he is the best supernatural fiction writer, I think 1408 is my favorite book of his by far.", "It's basically a supernatural fiction piece about a man who hunts ghosts and hears of a hotel to get a real spook. He doesnt take it seriously and stays the night against the hotel managers word and basically he gets transported from the natural world straight to hell via this room, 1408", "Man that game was so good, so many publications criticized it for being so short, but as a little kid it seemed huge and was my favorite game.", "Nintendo as a whole is amazing as far as video game companies go, although I wish games all released cross platform. Maybe one day." ]

[ "Stephen King", "Stephen King", "Stephen King", "Stephen King" ]

[ "Washington Wizards", "No, I've never heard of you guys! How long has your team been around for? ", "Woah. Do you know why you were renamed so much?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the Capital One Arena, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The franchise was established in 1961 as the Chicago Packers based in Chicago, and were renamed to Chicago Zephyrs the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1963, they relocated to Baltimore, Maryland and became the Baltimore Bullets, taking the name from previous team of the same name.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1973, the team changed its name to the Capital Bullets to reflect their move to the Washington metropolitan area, and then to Washington Bullets in the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1997, they rebranded themselves as the Wizards.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards have appeared in four NBA Finals, and won in 1978.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ They have had a total of 28 playoff appearances, won four conference titles (1971, 1975, 1978, 1979), and seven division titles (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1979, 2017).", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Their best season came in 1975 with a record of 60-22.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Wes Unseld is the only player in franchise history to become the MVP (1969), and win the Finals MVP award (1978)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the Capital One Arena, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The franchise was established in 1961 as the Chicago Packers based in Chicago, and were renamed to Chicago Zephyrs the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1963, they relocated to Baltimore, Maryland and became the Baltimore Bullets, taking the name from previous team of the same name.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1973, the team changed its name to the Capital Bullets to reflect their move to the Washington metropolitan area, and then to Washington Bullets in the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1997, they rebranded themselves as the Wizards.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards have appeared in four NBA Finals, and won in 1978.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ They have had a total of 28 playoff appearances, won four conference titles (1971, 1975, 1978, 1979), and seven division titles (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1979, 2017).", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Their best season came in 1975 with a record of 60-22.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Wes Unseld is the only player in franchise history to become the MVP (1969), and win the Finals MVP award (1978).", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "WMCA (AM) __knowledge__ WMCA (570 AM, \"The Mission\") is an AM radio station in New York City, owned by Salem Media Group and broadcasting with a Christian radio format consisting of teaching and talk programs.", "WMCA (AM) __knowledge__ The station's studios are in Lower Manhattan and are shared with co-owned WNYM (970 AM).", "WMCA (AM) __knowledge__ WMCA's transmitter is located along Belleville Turnpike in Kearny, New Jersey.", "WMCA (AM) __knowledge__ The station's daytime coverage includes New York City and portions of Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley in New York State, as well as parts of New Jersey and Connecticut.", "WMCA (AM) __knowledge__ Prior to switching to its current programming in 1989, WMCA's best-known incarnations were as a locally programmed talk radio outlet during the 1970s and 1980s; and before that as a Top 40 outlet featuring its lineup of disc jockeys, known as the \"Good Guys\".", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ Camp Confidential is a US book series for preteens written by Melissa J. Morgan.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ It focuses around a group of girls at Camp Lakeview (Later Camp Walla Walla).", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ There are 25 books in this series so far.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ The series is also sold in the UK under the name Summer Camp Secrets published by Usborne Publishing.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ Natalie Goode- Natalie lives in New York City and is a city girl, so when she finds out she has to go to Camp Lakeview, she isn't happy about the idea.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ But eventually she learns to love it and loves all the girls in her bunk and decides to come back for the second summer.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Tad Maxwell, a famous movie star.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American retired professional basketball player, businessman, and principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Jordan played 15 seasons in the NBA for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards.", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ His biography on the NBA website states: \"By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.\"", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ The Suns compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member team of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division, and are the only team in their division not to be based in California.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ Since 1992, the Suns have played their home games at Talking Stick Resort Arena in downtown Phoenix.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ The Suns began play as an expansion team in 1968.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ The franchise owns the NBA's fourth-best all-time winning percentage, winning 55 percent of its games, as of the end of the 2014–15 season.", "Phoenix Suns __knowledge__ In 47 years of play, they have made the playoffs 29 times, posted 19 seasons of 50 or more wins, made nine trips to the Western Conference Finals, and advanced to the NBA Finals twice, in 1976 and 1993.", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ Johnathan Hildred Wall Jr. (born September 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ A Raleigh, North Carolina native, Wall was chosen with the first overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft by the Wizards after playing one year at the University of Kentucky.", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ He plays the point guard position and is a five-time NBA All-Star.", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ He was named to his first All-NBA Team in 2017.", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ Wall is the son of Frances Pulley and John Carroll Wall, Sr.", "John Wall (basketball) __knowledge__ When Wall was 8 years old, his father was released from prison but died of liver cancer a month later, on August 24, 1999 at the age of 52.", "Gilbert Arenas __knowledge__ Gilbert Jay Arenas Jr. (; born January 6, 1982) is a former American professional basketball player.", "Gilbert Arenas __knowledge__ Arenas attended Grant High School in the Valley Glen district of Los Angeles, and accepted a scholarship offer to the University of Arizona late in his junior year.", "Gilbert Arenas __knowledge__ He entered the 2001 NBA draft and was selected in the second round (31st pick) by the Golden State Warriors.", "Gilbert Arenas __knowledge__ Arenas is a three-time NBA All-Star, three-time member of the All-NBA Teams, and was voted the NBA Most Improved Player in the 2002–03 season.", "Gilbert Arenas __knowledge__ Arenas was most often nicknamed \"Agent Zero\", due to his former jersey number and his clutch shot-making ability, but has increasingly been referred to as \"Hibachi\", a nod to the small Japanese barbequing device, which literally translates to \"bowl of fire.\"", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks, are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, located in the borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City; the other is the Brooklyn Nets.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team, established by Ned Irish in 1946, was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949.", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ Kirk James Hinrich (born January 2, 1981) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ He has also been a member of the USA National Team.", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ Growing up in Sioux City, Iowa, Hinrich was exposed to basketball at an early age.", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ His father, Jim, coached him from the third grade through high school.", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ As a high school senior, Hinrich was named the 1999 Co-Iowa Mr. Basketball, along with future college teammate and roommate Nick Collison.", "Kirk Hinrich __knowledge__ Hinrich originally committed to play basketball at Iowa State but when the coach at the time, Tim Floyd, took the head coaching position for the NBA's Chicago Bulls, Hinrich changed his mind and decided to attend the University of Kansas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the Capital One Arena, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The franchise was established in 1961 as the Chicago Packers based in Chicago, and were renamed to Chicago Zephyrs the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1963, they relocated to Baltimore, Maryland and became the Baltimore Bullets, taking the name from previous team of the same name.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1973, the team changed its name to the Capital Bullets to reflect their move to the Washington metropolitan area, and then to Washington Bullets in the following season.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ In 1997, they rebranded themselves as the Wizards.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ The Wizards have appeared in four NBA Finals, and won in 1978.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ They have had a total of 28 playoff appearances, won four conference titles (1971, 1975, 1978, 1979), and seven division titles (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1979, 2017).", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Their best season came in 1975 with a record of 60-22.", "Washington Wizards __knowledge__ Wes Unseld is the only player in franchise history to become the MVP (1969), and win the Finals MVP award (1978).", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ Joseph M. Woah-Tee (16 August 1948 - 31 May 2009) was a Liberian politician and member of the Labor Party of Liberia (LPL).", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ A native of Bong County, he founded the Woah-Tee Progressive Movement.", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ Woah-Tee was born on August 16, 1949, in Gbaomu, Bong County.", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ He earned a bachelor of science degree from the University of Liberia as well as two masters degrees in the United States from Morgan State University.", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ Woah-Tee also was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Maryland, College Park.", "Joseph Woah-Tee __knowledge__ Running as the LPL presidential candidate in the 11 October 2005 elections, Woah-Tee placed 14th out of 22 candidates, receiving 0.6% of the vote.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ Woah Dave!", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ is a 2014 platform video game developed and published by MiniVisions for iOS, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ The game was released on iOS, Windows, and Nintendo 3DS on October 30, 2014.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ It was then released for the PlayStation Vita on January 6, 2015.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ A PlayStation 4 version released in March 31, 2015.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ The PS4 version of \"Woah Dave!\"", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ released with two new levels, six new characters, boss battles, new enemy types, UFOs players can hitch a ride on, other hidden Easter eggs and the ability to play the original version of the game.", "Woah Dave! __knowledge__ The added features were patched onto \"Woah Dave!\"", "Cinderella's Eyes __knowledge__ Cinderella's Eyes is the debut studio album by English recording artist Nicola Roberts.", "Cinderella's Eyes __knowledge__ A member of the British girl group Girls Aloud, Roberts drew inspiration from her time with the group.", "Cinderella's Eyes __knowledge__ Her experience with Girls Aloud's formation found her being labelled \"ugly\" by the media, and the constant negative attention and subsequent personal problems resulted in her struggling with her confidence.", "Cinderella's Eyes __knowledge__ She started recording for the album in 2010 and co-wrote all of the original tracks on the album, working closely with producers Dimitri Tikovoi, Maya von Doll (from electro group Sohodolls) and Diplo on the album, as well as Canadian electropop band Dragonette.", "Fucking A __knowledge__ Fucking A is a play written by American playwright Suzan-Lori Parks.", "Fucking A __knowledge__ It was produced by DiverseWorks for Infernal Bridegroom Productions, and premiered at the DiverseWorks Artspace in Houston, Texas on February 24, 2000.", "Fucking A __knowledge__ \"Fucking A\" is inspired by the novel \"The Scarlet Letter\", written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850.", "Fucking A __knowledge__ \"Fucking A\" shares several similarities with this work; both of the main characters are named Hester and are strong females with an unwavering love for their illegitimate child.", "Fucking A __knowledge__ Both Hesters also bear the letter “A” as a symbol of how society defines them: the modern Hester is an abortionist, the original is branded for adultery.", "Lucky Day (Nicola Roberts song) __knowledge__ \"Lucky Day\" is a song by British recording artist Nicola Roberts.", "Lucky Day (Nicola Roberts song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 18, 2011 under label Polydor Records as the second single from Roberts debut album \"Cinderella's Eyes\".", "Lucky Day (Nicola Roberts song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Roberts and was produced by Canadian electropop group Dragonette.", "Lucky Day (Nicola Roberts song) __knowledge__ \"Lucky Day\" is an upbeat pop song featuring synths; lyrically the song talks of a boy not succumbing to advances—but doing so eventually—although Roberts stated the concept relates to all aspects of life and luckiness.", "Lucky Day (Nicola Roberts song) __knowledge__ Roberts' vocals have been compared to that of Liza Minnelli and the track has been compared to the music of David Guetta and the Katy Perry track \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\".", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ \"Feels Like Woah\" is the second single from Wes Carr's second studio album, \"The Way the World Looks\".", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ It was released on 7 March 2009 and has been used as the theme song for the 2009 NRL season.", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ A music video was created and released for the song.", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ It was filmed in Sydney's inner-west suburbs.", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ On March 4, 2009 the music video was released when uploaded to Carr's official YouTube channel.", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ \"Feels Like Woah\" debuted at #46 on the ARIA Top Singles chart because some record stores sold the single a week early.", "Feels Like Woah __knowledge__ Feels Like Woah reached a peak of #14.", "The Way the World Looks __knowledge__ The Way The World Looks is the second studio album by Australian singer and songwriter Wes Carr.", "The Way the World Looks __knowledge__ The album was released on 20 March 2009 and contains Carr's \"Australian Idol\" winners single, \"You\" as well as the other released singles, \"Feels Like Woah\", \"Fearless\" and \"Love Is An Animal\".", "The Way the World Looks __knowledge__ The single, \"Love Is An Animal\" was written by Carr when he was only fifteen.", "The Way the World Looks __knowledge__ He also wrote the single, \"East Coast\" and the title track \"The Way the World Looks\".", "The Way the World Looks __knowledge__ Carr stated that, \"This new album is definitely more upbeat and a positive outlook for me, and has flavors from all my past and present influences.", "Dick Klein (basketball) __knowledge__ Dick Öland Klein (September 16, 1920 – October 10, 2000) was an American athlete and businessman who founded the National Basketball Association's Chicago Bulls in 1966.", "Dick Klein (basketball) __knowledge__ He served as the team's first general manager and later worked as a scout for the Phoenix Suns.", "Dick Klein (basketball) __knowledge__ Hailing from Iowa, Klein played basketball at Northwestern University.", "Dick Klein (basketball) __knowledge__ He then competed for the United States Navy's Great Lakes Blue Jackets, who traveled throughout the United States raising money for the Navy Relief Society.", "Dick Klein (basketball) __knowledge__ From 1945 to 1946, Klein played professionally for the National Basketball League's Chicago American Gears.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The Packers are the last of the \"small town teams\" which were common in the NFL during the 1920s and 30s.", "Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ Founded in 1919 by Earl \"Curly\" Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun, the franchise traces its lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ The 1962 NBA draft was the 16th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ The draft was held on March 26, 1962, before the 1962–63 season.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ In this draft, nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ In each round, the teams selected in reverse order of their won–loss record in the previous season.", "1962 NBA draft __knowledge__ Before the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick, then select any player from within a 50-mile radius of its home arena as their territorial pick.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team that has played since 1919 and played professionally in the National Football League since 1921.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by Curly Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ Lambeau solicited funds for uniforms from his employer, the Indian Packing Company.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ He was given $500 for uniforms and equipment.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The 1919 Green Bay Packers season was their first season of competitive football.", "History of the Green Bay Packers __knowledge__ The club played against other teams in Wisconsin and Michigan and ended the season with a 10-1 record, losing only to the Beloit Fairies.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ The 1961 NBA draft was the 15th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ The draft was held on March 27, 1961, before the 1961–62 season.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ In this draft, nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season.", "1961 NBA draft __knowledge__ Before the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick and then select any player from within a 50-mile radius of its home arena as their territorial pick." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 6 ]

[ "Have you heard of the Washington Wizards? We are an American professional basketball team based here in the wonderful Washington, D.C., Do you like our team? ", "Our franchise was established way back in 1961, We were originally the Chicago Packers, and then renamed to Chicago Zephyrs the following season. Its been a crazy time. ", "the team kept changing its name to other things like the \"Capital Bullets\" to reflect their move to the Washington area, and then to Washington Bullets in the following season. " ]

[ "Washington Wizards", "Washington Wizards", "Washington Wizards" ]

[ "Kayaking\nI love kayaking on weekends. I usually go out to a lake or a spring and just paddle.", "Really! I didn't know that. I am guessing they used kayaks for more utilitarian reasons versus recreational?", "What does that word mean?", "Oh wow, so it literally fits the definition of a kayak...What about canoes? What are the differences between the two?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the Inuit, formerly known as Eskimos, of the northern Arctic regions.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whale, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to \"hunter's boat\" was for hunting and fishing.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The kayak's stealth capabilities, allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline, and successfully catch their prey.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the Europeans became interested.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ German and French men began kayaking for sport.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ In 1931, a man named Adolf Anderle became the first person to kayak down the Salzachofen Gorge, this is where the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking is believed to have begun.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking is the sport of paddling a kayak on a moving body of water, typically a whitewater river.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking can range from active, moving water, to demanding, extreme whitewater.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Paddling on rivers, lakes and oceans is as old as the Stone Age.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The raft, the catamaran, the canoe and the kayak evolved depending on the needs and environment of the indigenous peoples in different parts of the world.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The modern day kayak most likely originated about 8,000 years ago along the Siberian coast line by the Yupik and then transformed from the open canoe, via the Aleut and Inuit, into an enclosed kayak.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Paddle steamer __knowledge__ A paddle steamer is a steamship or riverboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water.", "Paddle steamer __knowledge__ In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans.", "Paddle steamer __knowledge__ Modern paddle wheelers may be powered by diesel engines.", "Paddle steamer __knowledge__ But for their role as tourist attractions and small pedal-powered paddle boats, paddle propulsion has been largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.", "Paddle steamer __knowledge__ The paddle wheel is a large steel framework wheel.", "Playboating __knowledge__ Playboating is a discipline of whitewater kayaking or canoeing where the paddler performs various technical moves in one place (a playspot), as opposed to downriver whitewater canoeing or kayaking where the objective is to travel the length of a section of river (although whitewater paddlers will often stop and play en route).", "Playboating __knowledge__ Specialised canoes or kayaks (boats) known as playboats are often used, but any boat can be used for playing.", "Playboating __knowledge__ The moves and tricks are often similar to those performed by snowboarders, surfers or skaters, where the athlete completes spins, flips, turns, etc.", "Playboating __knowledge__ With modern playboats it is possible to get the kayak and the paddler completely airborne while performing tricks.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ Surf kayaking is the sport, technique, and equipment, used in surfing ocean waves with kayaks.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ Surf kayaking has many similarities to surf board surfing, but with boats designed for use in surf zones, and with a paddle.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ A number of kayak designs are used, but all are aimed at better using the waves to propel the craft.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ Surf kayaking is popular in many areas frequented by surf board surfers.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ The sport has grown in popularity over the last decades, in pace with the rise of sea kayaking, and modern materials and techniques.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ There are a number of speciality surf kayak designs available.", "Surf kayaking __knowledge__ They are often equipped with up to four fins with a three fin thruster set up being the most common." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the Inuit, formerly known as Eskimos, of the northern Arctic regions.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whale, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to \"hunter's boat\" was for hunting and fishing.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The kayak's stealth capabilities, allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline, and successfully catch their prey.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the Europeans became interested.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ German and French men began kayaking for sport.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ In 1931, a man named Adolf Anderle became the first person to kayak down the Salzachofen Gorge, this is where the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking is believed to have begun.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ A sea kayak or touring kayak is a kayak developed for the sport of paddling on open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ Sea kayaks are seaworthy small boats with a covered deck and the ability to incorporate a spray deck.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ They trade off the maneuverability of whitewater kayaks for higher cruising speed, cargo capacity, ease of straight-line paddling, and comfort for long journeys.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ Sea kayaks are used around the world for marine (sea) journeys from a few hours to many weeks, as they can accommodate one to three paddlers together with room for camping gear, food, water, and other supplies.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ A sea kayak usually ranges anywhere from for solo craft, and up to for tandem craft.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name \"Yup'ik\" \"Yupiik\" \"Yupiit\" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ Jackson Kayak is a producer of kayaks and was founded by its namesake, Eric \"EJ\" Jackson.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ After working with Wave Sport Kayaks as a team member and as a designer, Eric Jackson and business partner, Tony Lunt formed Jackson Kayak in Rock Island, Tennessee in October 2003.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ Already in their first year, the company sold 2,500 boats, resulting in $1.5 million annual sales.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ Year-on-year sales increased by 80% until 2007, and the company sold 7,515 boats in 2008.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ In the United States, the company sold 40% of whitewater kayaks in 2008/2009, and the expected sales in 2009 was 7,000 boats.", "Jackson Kayak __knowledge__ It also has the largest market share in England and Japan, and increases its share in France.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayak fishing is fishing from a kayak.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ The \"kayak\" has long been a means of transportation and a stealth means of approaching easily spooked fish, such as cobia and flounder.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayak fishing has gained popularity in recent times due to its broad appeal as an environmentally friendly and healthy method of transportation, as well as its relatively low cost of entry compared to motorized boats.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayaks (Inuktitut: \"qajaq\", Inuktitut syllabics: \"ᖃᔭᖅ\") were originally developed by indigenous people living in the Arctic regions, who used the boats to hunt on inland lakes, rivers and the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic, Bering Sea and North Pacific oceans.", "Negative utilitarianism __knowledge__ Negative utilitarianism is a version of the ethical theory utilitarianism that gives greater priority to reducing suffering (negative utility or 'disutility') than to increasing happiness (positive utility).", "Negative utilitarianism __knowledge__ This differs from classical utilitarianism, which does not claim that reducing suffering is intrinsically more important than increasing happiness.", "Negative utilitarianism __knowledge__ Both versions of utilitarianism hold that morally right and morally wrong actions depend solely on the consequences for overall well-being.", "Negative utilitarianism __knowledge__ 'Well-being' refers to the state of the individual.", "Negative utilitarianism __knowledge__ The term 'negative utilitarianism' is used by some authors to denote the theory that reducing negative well-being is the \"only\" thing that ultimately matters morally.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess (or an act of guessing) is a swift conclusion drawn from data directly at hand, and held as probable or tentative, while the person making the guess (the guesser) admittedly lacks material for a greater degree of certainty.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess is also an unstable answer, as it is \"always putative, fallible, open to further revision and interpretation, and validated against the horizon of possible meanings by showing that one interpretation is more probable than another in light of what we already know\".", "Guessing __knowledge__ In many of its uses, \"the meaning of guessing is assumed as implicitly understood\", and the term is therefore often used without being meticulously defined.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ This article lists major characters from the anime and manga \"Samurai Deeper Kyo\" his real name is Mibu Kyo, is a legendary man known for his red, demon-like eyes, and called the \"Thousand Slayer\" for killing over one thousand samurai during the Battle of Sekigahara before being defeated by a young man named Mibu Kyoshiro.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ After his defeat, his mind fused with Kyoshiro and his body was hidden away somewhere in the forest of Aokigahara.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ He is very sadistic and enjoys slaughtering anyone.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ Over time, his bloodlust slowly decreases though he still kills without mercy.", "List of Samurai Deeper Kyo characters __knowledge__ It continues to surface at times, though training with Muramasa helps fully calm him." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the Inuit, formerly known as Eskimos, of the northern Arctic regions.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whale, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to \"hunter's boat\" was for hunting and fishing.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The kayak's stealth capabilities, allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline, and successfully catch their prey.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the Europeans became interested.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ German and French men began kayaking for sport.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ In 1931, a man named Adolf Anderle became the first person to kayak down the Salzachofen Gorge, this is where the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking is believed to have begun.", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ An auto-antonym or autantonym, also called a contronym or contranym, is a word with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is the reverse of another.", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ For example, the word \"cleave\" can mean \"to cut apart\" or \"to bind together\".", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ This phenomenon is called enantiosemy, enantionymy or antilogy (\"enantio-\" means \"opposite\").", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ An enantiosemic term is necessarily polysemic.", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ The terms \"autantonym\" and \"contronym\" were coined by Joseph T. Shipley in 1960 and Jack Herring in 1962, respectively.", "Auto-antonym __knowledge__ An auto-antonym is alternatively called an antagonym, Janus word (after the Roman god with two faces), enantiodrome, self-antonym, antilogy, or addad (Arabic, singular didd).", "Gaijin __knowledge__ Some feel the word has come to have a negative or pejorative connotation, while other observers maintain it is neutral or even positive.", "Gaijin __knowledge__ is a more neutral and somewhat more formal term widely used in the Japanese government and in media.", "Gaijin __knowledge__ The word \"gaijin\" can be traced in writing to the 13th-century \"Heike Monogatari\": Here, \"gaijin\" refers to outsiders and potential enemies.", "Gaijin __knowledge__ Another early reference is in \"Renri Hishō\" () by Nijō Yoshimoto, where it is used to refer to a Japanese person who is a stranger, not a friend.", "Gaijin __knowledge__ The Noh play, \"\" has a scene where a servant objects to the appearance of a traveling monk: Here, \"gaijin\" also means an outsider or unfamiliar person.", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ The Mardudunera, more accurately, \"Martuthunira,\" are an indigenous people in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ The ethnonym 'Martuthunira' reflects the word \"Martuthuni\" used to denote the lower reaches of the Fortescue River.", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ The \"ra\" is a suffix indicating place of origin or provenience.", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ Various theories have been advanced to analyse the word in terms of a root \"martu\" - not available in the Martuthunira language itself - and the suffix -\"thuni\", the latter recurring in a few toponyms.", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ In Yindjibarndi \"martu\" means 'place, space, spot.'", "Mardudunera people __knowledge__ von Brandenstein proposed an etymology which would make the word mean 'flat-' or 'river-landers'.", "Pashkevil __knowledge__ A pashkevil (; pl.", "Pashkevil __knowledge__ pashkevilim פשקווילים) is a broadside or poster that has been situated on a public wall or location in an Orthodox Jewish community, and most commonly within Hareidi enclaves.", "Pashkevil __knowledge__ Pashkevilim are sometimes distributed anonymously; however, many are posted with rabbinic endorsements or the name of an activist group appended to the bottom.", "Pashkevil __knowledge__ Per Samuel Heilman, the pashkevilim: \"...make clear what is virtuous or acceptable behavior and what is not.", "Pashkevil __knowledge__ They serve as expressive media that show what those who prepare and post as well as those who allow the poster to be displayed (the latter by attending to its meaning and not removing or covering it) consider to be acceptable or worthy of notice… The informed observer can thus use such signs as a window through which to glimpse what is appropriate behavior as well as what is on the mind of the community, its interests and concerns.\"", "Safed __knowledge__ Safed ( \"Tsfat\", Ashkenazi: \"Tzfas\", Biblical: \"Ṣ'fath\"; , \"Ṣafad\") is a city in the Northern District of Israel.", "Safed __knowledge__ Located at an elevation of , Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel.", "Safed __knowledge__ Due to its high elevation, Safed experiences warm summers and cold, often snowy, winters.", "Safed __knowledge__ Safed has been identified with \"Sepph,\" a fortified town in the Upper Galilee mentioned in the writings of the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus.", "Safed __knowledge__ It is mentioned in the Jerusalem Talmud as one of five elevated spots where fires were lit to announce the New Moon and festivals during the Second Temple period.", "Safed __knowledge__ In the 12th century, Safed was a fortified city in the Crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem, known by the Crusaders as \"Saphet\".", "Shibi (roof tile) __knowledge__ A is a Japanese ornamental tile set on both ends of the ridgepole that tops a shingled roof.", "Shibi (roof tile) __knowledge__ The kanji for the word mean \"kite\" and \"tail\" respectively.", "Shibi (roof tile) __knowledge__ Because it resembles a shoe, it is sometimes also called a , meaning \"shoe shape\".", "Shibi (roof tile) __knowledge__ Shibi often take the form of a \"shachihoko\".", "Shibi (roof tile) __knowledge__ Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent Japanese-language version (accessed April 1, 2006).", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ Dastangoi is a 13th century Urdu oral storytelling art form.", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ The Persian style of dastan evolved in 16th century.", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ This form of the art was revived in 2005 and thousands of shows have been performed in India and abroad since then.", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ One of the earliest references in print to dastangoi is a 19th-century text containing 46 volumes of the adventures of Amir Hamza titled \"Dastan e Amir Hamza\".", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ The art form reached its zenith in the Indian sub-continent in the 19th century and is said to have died with the demise of Mir Baqar Ali in 1928.", "Dastangoi __knowledge__ Indian poet and Urdu critic Shamsur Rahman Faruqi and his nephew, writer, director Mahmood Farooqui, have played significant roles in its revival in the 21st century.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayak fishing is fishing from a kayak.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ The \"kayak\" has long been a means of transportation and a stealth means of approaching easily spooked fish, such as cobia and flounder.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayak fishing has gained popularity in recent times due to its broad appeal as an environmentally friendly and healthy method of transportation, as well as its relatively low cost of entry compared to motorized boats.", "Kayak fishing __knowledge__ Kayaks (Inuktitut: \"qajaq\", Inuktitut syllabics: \"ᖃᔭᖅ\") were originally developed by indigenous people living in the Arctic regions, who used the boats to hunt on inland lakes, rivers and the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic, Bering Sea and North Pacific oceans.", "Karabournaki __knowledge__ Karabournaki (), also called Mikro Karabournou (Μικρό Καραμπουρνού) and Mikro Emvolo (Μικρό Έμβολο), is the cape of Kalamaria in northeastern Thessaloniki and a district of the local municipality.", "Karabournaki __knowledge__ Its name comes from \"kara burun\" in Turkish, meaning 'black peninsula'.", "Karabournaki __knowledge__ + Greek \"-aki\" (diminutive).", "Karabournaki __knowledge__ An excavation site, believing to possibly be the ancient city of Therma (located in the area before the founding of Thessaloniki), is situated within the former \"Kodras Barracks\" which occupy a large part of the cape.", "Karabournaki __knowledge__ The former barracks grounds belong to this day to the Ministry of National Defence and are being claimed by the municipal government to be turned over to the local community, and redeveloped into a large metropolitan park for the whole city.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ Kiviuq (also spelled \"Qiviuq,\" \"Kiviok\" and other variants) is a legendary hero of the epic stories of the Inuit of the Arctic regions of northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ Kiviuq is an eternal Inuit wanderer.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ Spirits, giants, cannibals, bears and sea monsters intermingle in Kiviuq's world, creating havoc for him.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ He walks, or travels by dog sled, kayak, or may be borne by huge fishes.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ His supernatural powers allow him to overcome all manner of obstacles in his travels across the North.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ Stories about Kiviuq's many adventures are told across the Arctic.", "Kiviuq __knowledge__ Kiviuq has lived a long time and has had many lives.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ Kayak.com, sometimes styled as KAYAK, is a fare aggregator and travel metasearch engine operated by The Priceline Group.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ Its products are available in 18 languages.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ The company also runs travel search engines checkfelix and swoodoo.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ Formerly a separate company, the KAYAK Software Corporation was acquired by The Priceline Group on May 21, 2013.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ KAYAK was founded in 2004 by Steve Hafner and Paul M. English.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ Before KAYAK, Steve Hafner, KAYAK's current CEO, helped found Orbitz in November 1999 and led its business development, advertising sales, marketing, and product marketing activities.", "Kayak.com __knowledge__ The company was originally incorporated in Delaware in 2004 under the name Travel Search Company, Inc.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ Kayak are a Dutch progressive rock band formed in 1972 in the city Hilversum by Ton Scherpenzeel and Pim Koopman.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ In 1973, their debut album \"See See The Sun\" was released, including three hit singles.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ Their main popularity was in the Netherlands, with their top hit (Ruthless Queen) reaching No.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ 6 on the Dutch charts in March 1979.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ They disbanded in 1982 after releasing nine albums.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ In 1999 the band was asked to perform on the TV show De Vrienden van Amstel Live.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ After this performance, they decided to reform, and released seven further studio albums and three live albums.", "Kayak (band) __knowledge__ On 4 January 2008 they released \"Coming Up For Air\".", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ A sea kayak or touring kayak is a kayak developed for the sport of paddling on open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ Sea kayaks are seaworthy small boats with a covered deck and the ability to incorporate a spray deck.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ They trade off the maneuverability of whitewater kayaks for higher cruising speed, cargo capacity, ease of straight-line paddling, and comfort for long journeys.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ Sea kayaks are used around the world for marine (sea) journeys from a few hours to many weeks, as they can accommodate one to three paddlers together with room for camping gear, food, water, and other supplies.", "Sea kayak __knowledge__ A sea kayak usually ranges anywhere from for solo craft, and up to for tandem craft." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the Inuit, formerly known as Eskimos, of the northern Arctic regions.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whale, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to \"hunter's boat\" was for hunting and fishing.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ The kayak's stealth capabilities, allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline, and successfully catch their prey.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the Europeans became interested.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ German and French men began kayaking for sport.", "Kayaking __knowledge__ In 1931, a man named Adolf Anderle became the first person to kayak down the Salzachofen Gorge, this is where the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking is believed to have begun.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Folding kayak __knowledge__ A folding kayak is a direct descendant of the original Inuit kayak made of animal skins stretched over frames made from wood and bones.", "Folding kayak __knowledge__ A modern folder has a collapsible frame made of some combination of wood, aluminium and plastic, and a skin made of a tough fabric with a waterproof coating.", "Folding kayak __knowledge__ Many have integral air chambers inside the hull, making them virtually unsinkable.", "Folding kayak __knowledge__ The first workable folding kayak was built by Alfred Heurich in 1905, a German architectural student.", "Folding kayak __knowledge__ Heurich paddled his creation on the Isar River near Munich and took out a patent on the design, called the Delphin (German: Dolphin), the following year.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking is the sport of paddling a kayak on a moving body of water, typically a whitewater river.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Whitewater kayaking can range from active, moving water, to demanding, extreme whitewater.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ Paddling on rivers, lakes and oceans is as old as the Stone Age.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The raft, the catamaran, the canoe and the kayak evolved depending on the needs and environment of the indigenous peoples in different parts of the world.", "Whitewater kayaking __knowledge__ The modern day kayak most likely originated about 8,000 years ago along the Siberian coast line by the Yupik and then transformed from the open canoe, via the Aleut and Inuit, into an enclosed kayak.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "William (Bill) Masters __knowledge__ William (Bill) Masters is an engineer, inventor, designer, manufacturing entrepreneur and business advisor/mentor.", "William (Bill) Masters __knowledge__ He holds the first 3D printing patent., along with patents for other 3D printing technologies (piezo transducer, extrusion, lithography, surface tension, and pin array) and computer assisted manufacturing.", "William (Bill) Masters __knowledge__ He founded Perception Kayaks, at one time the largest kayak manufacturer in the U.S., and has served as a small business delegate to the Reagan and Clinton administrations.", "William (Bill) Masters __knowledge__ Masters is widely recognized as a pioneer in kayak manufacturing and for his success in connecting whitewater enthusiasts with his kayaks.", "Greenlandic language __knowledge__ Greenlandic is an Eskimo–Aleut language spoken by about 57,000 Greenlandic Inuit in Greenland.", "Greenlandic language __knowledge__ It is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada such as Inuktitut.", "Greenlandic language __knowledge__ The main variety, Kalaallisut or West Greenlandic, has been the official language of the Greenlandic autonomous territory since June 2009; this is a move by the Naalakkersuisut (government of Greenland) to strengthen the language in its competition with the colonial language, Danish.", "Greenlandic language __knowledge__ The second variety is Tunumiit oraasiat or East Greenlandic.", "Greenlandic language __knowledge__ The Thule Inuit of Greenland, Inuktun or Polar Eskimo, is a recent arrival and a dialect of Inuktitut.", "Paddling __knowledge__ Paddling with regard to watercraft is the act of manually propelling a boat using a paddle.", "Paddling __knowledge__ The paddle, which consists of one or two blades joined to a shaft, is also used to steer the vessel.", "Paddling __knowledge__ The paddle is not connected to the boat (unlike in rowing where the oar is connected to the boat).", "Paddling __knowledge__ Canoeing is the activity of paddling a canoe for leisure, navigation or exploration.", "Paddling __knowledge__ In America the term refers exclusively to using one or more single blades or paddles to propel a canoe.", "Paddling __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and some other countries in Europe however, canoeing is also used to refer to kayaking and Canadian canoeing is used then to distinguish canoeing from kayaking.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end of 2004, the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2.7 million were undecked (open) boats.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ The remaining 1.8 million boats were traditional craft of various types, operated by sail and oars.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ The following outline is provided as an overview of canoeing and kayaking: Canoeing – recreational boating activity or paddle sport in which you kneel or sit facing forward in an open or closed-decked canoe, and propel yourself with a single-bladed paddle, under your own power.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ Kayaking – use of a kayak for moving across water.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ A kayak is a boat where the paddler faces forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ Most kayaks have closed decks.", "Outline of canoeing and kayaking __knowledge__ Some of the many popular uses of canoes and kayaks include: Differences between a canoe and a kayak: Materials used in modern designs – modern kayaks are usually made from Rotationally Molded Plastic (Rotomold), Fiberglass or Kevlar, each of which has advantages and disadvantages.", "Inuit __knowledge__ The Inuit (pronounced ; Inuktitut: , \"the people\") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska.", "Inuit __knowledge__ Inuit is a plural noun; the singular is Inuk.", "Inuit __knowledge__ The Inuit languages are part of the Eskimo-Aleut family.", "Inuit __knowledge__ Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate spoken in Nunavut.", "Inuit __knowledge__ In the United States and Canada, the term \"Eskimo\" was commonly used by ethnic Europeans to describe the Inuit and Alaska's Yupik and Iñupiat peoples.", "Inuit __knowledge__ However, \"Inuit\" is not accepted as a term for the Yupik, and \"Eskimo\" is the only term that applies to Yupik, Iñupiat and Inuit." ] ]

[ 5, 13, 51, 14 ]

[ "Nice, I wish I knew how to kayak. It's pretty interesting considering kayaks were created thousands of years ago by a clan called Inuits aka Eskimos.", "I think both? But the word kayak originates from the Greendlandic word \"qajaq\"", "It means kayak in Greenlandic language which is a small, narrow watercraft designed to propel by the means of a double bladed paddle.", "I think canoes can fit more people than a kayak. The traditional kayak has a covered deck designed for 1 paddler while a canoe has a larger cockpit for more people." ]

[ "Kayaking", "Kayaking", "Kayaking", "Kayaking" ]

[ "Teacher\nI want to be a teacher when I graduate college. I am thinking about elementary education.", "Definitely in the US. I plan to teach in public school. I think public education is important for the country to thrive.", "I actually prefer autonomy at the county level to decide on standards. I am a big opponent of Common Core.", "Yeah, there was a big push about 10 years ago to get the whole country on the same curriculum. It's caused a huge headache.", "Agreed. What country are you from?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Education in Thailand is provided mainly by the Thai government through the Ministry of Education from pre-school to senior high school.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ A free basic education of twelve years is guaranteed by the constitution, and a minimum of nine years' school attendance is mandatory.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ In 2009 the Ministry of Education announced the extension of a free, mandatory education to fifteen years.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Formal education consists of at least twelve years of basic education, and higher education.", "Education in Thailand __knowledge__ Basic education is divided into six years of elementary education and six years of secondary education, the latter being further divided into three years of lower- and upper-secondary levels.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ The National Taichung University of Education (NTCU; ) is a university in West District, Taichung, Taiwan.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ Founded in 1899 at the Confucian Temple in Changhwa, it moved to the current site in 1923.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ In 2005, the University was renamed National Taichung University, consisting of the College of Education, College of Humanities and Liberal Arts, and College of Mathematics and Information Science.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ In 2008, departments of management were established, and would be developed for the future college of management.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ In 1899, the school was established in Changhua Wunwu Temple.", "National Taichung University of Education __knowledge__ In 1902, the school was suspended and the students were transferred to the Taiwan Mandarin School and Tainan Normal School.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ The Philippine Normal University (PNU) is a public research university in Manila, Philippines established during the early days of American colonial rule.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ Pursuant to Republic Act No.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ 9647, it is now funded and operated as a National Center for Teacher Education in the country.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ The Philippine Normal University (PNU) was originally established as the Philippine Normal School (PNS) by virtue Act No.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ 74 of the Philippine Commission.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ Enacted on 21 January 1901, Act No.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ 74 mandated for the establishment of a normal and trade school.", "Philippine Normal University __knowledge__ The Philippine Normal School formally opened on 1 September 1901, as an institution for the training of teachers.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of education, examining definitions, goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers, administrators and policymakers.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ It can involve the examination of particular visions or approaches by researchers and policy-makers in education that often address contemporary debates and assumptions about innovations and practices in teaching and learning by considering the profession within broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ As an academic field, study involves \"the philosophical study of education and its problems...its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy\".", "Union Graduate College __knowledge__ Union Graduate College (UGC) merged into Clarkson University on February 1, 2016, becoming the \"Clarkson University Capital Region Campus,\" which serves as a recruiting hub for graduate and professional degree program admissions at all of the institution’s operations in New York State and online.", "Union Graduate College __knowledge__ The history of Union Graduate College (now the Clarkson University Capital Region Campus) begins in the early 20th century.", "Union Graduate College __knowledge__ Advanced degree study was being conducted on the Union College Campus in several disciplines.", "Union Graduate College __knowledge__ The master's degree in electrical engineering was available as early as 1905 and was the first graduate degree awarded by Union to a woman, when Florence Buckland received her a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1925." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ Shamokin Area School District is a small, rural public school district located in Coal Township, Pennsylvania, US.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The Shamokin Area School District community consists of the city of Shamokin and the townships of Coal, East Cameron and Shamokin.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ It is located at the southern end of the anthracite coal region in Northumberland County in central Pennsylvania with a population of approximately 21,000.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ According to the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 20,876 people.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shamokin Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 82.4% high school graduates and 9.3% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ Selinsgrove Area School District is a mid-sized, suburban/rural public school district centered in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania in eastern Snyder County, Pennsylvania.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The Selinsgrove Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 21,015 people.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ In 2010 the district's population increased to 22,259 people.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ District enrollment has declined to approximately 2700 students clustered on a campus located in the borough of Selinsgrove.", "Selinsgrove Area School District __knowledge__ The Pennsylvania Department of Education projected a continued decline in enrollment to 2,500 in 2010.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The Carbondale Area School District is a small, suburban school district that provides education services to the children residing in the City of Carbondale and Fell Township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses an area of .", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The school district had a population of 11,641, according to the 2000 federal census.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population declined to 11,065 people.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Carbondale Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 87.4% high school graduates and 16.4% college graduates.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania an done of 12 districts operating in Lackawanna County.", "Education reform __knowledge__ Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing(improving) public education and the goal of making education available to more children.", "Education reform __knowledge__ Historically, reforms have taken different forms because the motivations of reformers have differed.", "Education reform __knowledge__ However, since the 1980s, education reform has been focused on changing the existing system from one focused on inputs to one focused on outputs (i.e., student achievement).", "Education reform __knowledge__ In the United States, education reform acknowledges and encourages public education as the primary source of K-12 education for American youth.", "Education reform __knowledge__ Education reformers desire to make public education into a market (in the form of an input-output system), where accountability creates high-stakes from curriculum standards tied to standardized tests.", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ The Central Columbia School District is a small, rural, public school district that serves the Borough of Orangeville and Mifflin Township, Mount Pleasant Township, North Centre Township, Orange Township, Scott Township and South Centre Township in Columbia County, Pennsylvania.", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ Central Columbia School District encompasses approximately .", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, the District served a resident population of 14,107.", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the District's population increased to 14,833 people.", "Central Columbia School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Central Columbia School District population (25 years old and over) were 89.9% high school graduates and 23% college graduates.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Homeschooling in the United States constitutes the education of about 3.4% of U.S. students (approximately 2 million students).", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled that parents have a fundamental right to direct the education of their children.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ The right to homeschool is not frequently questioned in court.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ But, the amount of state regulation and help that can or should be expected continues to be subject to legal debate.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ United States Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, as long as states set standards.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Originally homeschooling in the United States was practiced mainly underground or in rural areas.", "School voucher __knowledge__ A school voucher, also called an education voucher, in a voucher system, is a certificate of government funding for a student at a school chosen by the student or the student's parents.", "School voucher __knowledge__ The funding is usually for a particular year, term or semester.", "School voucher __knowledge__ In some countries, states or local jurisdictions, the voucher can be used to cover or reimburse home schooling expenses.", "School voucher __knowledge__ In some countries, vouchers only exist for tuition at private schools.", "School voucher __knowledge__ According to a 2017 review of the economics literature on school vouchers, \"the evidence to date is not sufficient to warrant recommending that vouchers be adopted on a widespread basis; however, multiple positive findings support continued exploration.\"", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to the educational disparities between various ethnic groups.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ It manifests itself in a variety of ways: among students, blacks and Hispanics are more likely to receive lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, who similarly score lower than Asians.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The evidence, antecedents, implications, and successes of the achievement gap are discussed below.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ Over the past 45 years, students in the United States have made notable gains in academic achievement.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ The Haitian Educational System yields the lowest total rate in the education realm of the Western Hemisphere.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ Haiti's literacy rate of about 61% (64.3% for males and 57.3% for females) is below the 90% average literacy rate for Latin American and Caribbean countries.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ The country faces shortages in educational supplies and qualified teachers.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ The rural population is less educated than the urban.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ The 2010 Haiti earthquake exacerbated the already constrained parameters on Haiti's educational system by destroying infrastructure and displacing 50-90% of the students, depending on locale.", "Education in Haiti __knowledge__ International private schools (run by Canada, France, or the United States) and church-run schools educate 90% of students.", "Private school __knowledge__ Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments; thus, they retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding; at some private schools students may be able to get a scholarship, lowering this tuition fee, dependent on a student's talents or abilities (e.g.", "Private school __knowledge__ sport scholarship, art scholarship, academic scholarship), need for financial aid, or tax credit scholarships that might be available.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The Common Core State Standards Initiative is an educational initiative in the United States that details what K–12 students should know in English language arts and mathematics at the end of each grade.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The initiative is sponsored by the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and seeks to establish consistent educational standards across the states as well as ensure that students graduating from high school are prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ In the 1990s, the \"Standards & Accountability Movement\" began in the U.S. as states began writing standards (a) outlining what students were expected to know and to be able to do at each grade level, and (b) implementing assessments designed to measure whether students were meeting the standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ In the United States, each state has an adopted set of academic standards for education that help define the curriculum for that state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ Most states adopted a common set of standards under the Common Core State Standards initiative.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The following is a list of academic standards for each state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alabama adopted the use of Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alaska, through the Alaska Department of Education, adopted the Alaska Standards, accessible online.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arizona adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arkansas adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ 46 states initially adopted the Common Core State Standards, although implementation has not been uniform.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ At least 12 states have introduced legislation to repeal the standards outright, and Indiana has since withdrawn from the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Among the territories of the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the American Samoa Islands have adopted the standards while Puerto Rico has not adopted the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Alabama initially adopted the Standards, but the state rescinded adoption in November 2013.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Governor Robert Bentley cited federal interventions as a reason for his opposition, saying he was opposed because of \"federal control of our education system.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Jeb Bush is a Republican politician in the United States.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Bush was governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ He was a candidate for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in the 2016 election.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ In 2013, statistician Nate Silver \"constructed ideological scores for a set of plausible 2016 Republican candidates based on a combination of three statistical indices.\"", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Bush's ideological score on this scale was similar to that of previous Republican nominees John McCain and Mitt Romney.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ A January 2015 Bloomberg News analysis suggested that Jeb Bush is more conservative than former presidents George W. Bush (Jeb's brother) and George H. W. Bush (Jeb's father).", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs.", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation is also one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior.", "Motivation __knowledge__ A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior.", "Motivation __knowledge__ According to Maehr and Meyer, \"Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are.\"", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation theories can be classified on a number of bases: Motivation as a desire to perform an action is usually defined as having two parts, directional such as directed towards a positive stimulus or away from a negative one, as well as the activated \"seeking phase\" and consummatory \"liking phase\".", "Medical ethics __knowledge__ Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values to the practice of clinical medicine and in scientific research.", "Medical ethics __knowledge__ Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict.", "Medical ethics __knowledge__ These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.", "Medical ethics __knowledge__ Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal without any conflict.", "Medical ethics __knowledge__ It is important to note that these four values are non-hierarchical, meaning no one principle routinely “trumps” another.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District is a midsized, suburban/rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ It serves Northumberland Borough, Point Township, Rockefeller Township, Snydertown Borough, the City of Sunbury, and Upper Augusta Township.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The administrative offices are located at Administration Center, 200 Island Blvd, Sunbury, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District encompasses approximately .", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Per the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 22,554 people.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shikellamy School District population 25 and over were 83.6% high school graduates and 15.3% college graduates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ \"\" is a Nintendo DS video game developed by Shu Takumi in 2010.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Like Takumi's other works, \"Ghost Trick\" has a strong emphasis on characters, while the plot's central theme is death and mystery.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ It stars Sissel, a ghost who is attempting to recover his memories.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Other major characters include Lynne, who acts as a sidekick to Sissel, and is seeking to uncover a mystery of 10 years ago; Jowd, a detective who is accused of murdering his wife; Kamila, the daughter of Jowd; Missile, a Pomeranian who, after dying, chooses to stay dead so that he can protect his owner Kamila; Ray, a ghost who inhabits a desk lamp and initiates Sissel's journey; Cabanela, a detective and friend of Jowd who enjoys dancing; The pigeon man, the superintendent of the junkyard where the game begins; The justice minister, a man who the protagonists beseech to stay Jowd's execution; Yomiel, a ghost who seeks revenge for the events of 10 years ago; and the antagonists, an unidentified organization from a foreign country who seek to kill anyone involved in the events of 10 years ago.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Headache __knowledge__ Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.", "Headache __knowledge__ It occurs in migraines (sharp, or throbbing pains), tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches.", "Headache __knowledge__ Frequent headaches can affect relationships and employment.", "Headache __knowledge__ There is also an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches.", "Headache __knowledge__ Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions whether serious or not.", "Headache __knowledge__ There are a number of different classification systems for headaches.", "Headache __knowledge__ The most well-recognized is that of the International Headache Society.", "Headache __knowledge__ Causes of headaches may include fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, the effects of medications, the effects of recreational drugs, viral infections, loud noises, common colds, head injury, rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage, and dental or sinus issues.", "Southern Rhodesia in World War I __knowledge__ When the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of World War I in August 1914, settler society in Southern Rhodesia, then administered by the British South Africa Company, received the news with great patriotic enthusiasm.", "Southern Rhodesia in World War I __knowledge__ The Company administrator, Sir William Milton, wired the UK government, \"All Rhodesia ... ready to do its duty\".", "Southern Rhodesia in World War I __knowledge__ Although it supported Britain, the Company was concerned about the possible financial implications for its chartered territory should it make direct commitments to the war effort, particularly at first, so most of the colony's contribution to the war was made by Southern Rhodesians individually—not only those who volunteered to fight abroad, but also those who remained at home and raised funds to donate food, equipment and other supplies.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a regional power, a nascent global power and a potential superpower.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: Only appearing in \"Captain Marvel Adventures\" #139.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Niatpac Levram was the creation of the devilish Wizzo the Wizard!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ The wizard created Levram as a mirror duplicate of Captain Marvel by casting a spell and animating Cap's image from a mirror.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Wizzo used Niatpac Levram to wreak havoc on Captain Marvel's city for the sole purpose of graduating from the School of Black Magicians!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Cap was able to defeat Wizzo and send Nia back to the mirror universe!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ 1948, \"Mary Marvel\" #24.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The Common Core State Standards Initiative is an educational initiative in the United States that details what K–12 students should know in English language arts and mathematics at the end of each grade.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The initiative is sponsored by the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and seeks to establish consistent educational standards across the states as well as ensure that students graduating from high school are prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ In the 1990s, the \"Standards & Accountability Movement\" began in the U.S. as states began writing standards (a) outlining what students were expected to know and to be able to do at each grade level, and (b) implementing assessments designed to measure whether students were meeting the standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ In the United States, each state has an adopted set of academic standards for education that help define the curriculum for that state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ Most states adopted a common set of standards under the Common Core State Standards initiative.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The following is a list of academic standards for each state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alabama adopted the use of Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alaska, through the Alaska Department of Education, adopted the Alaska Standards, accessible online.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arizona adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arkansas adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ 46 states initially adopted the Common Core State Standards, although implementation has not been uniform.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ At least 12 states have introduced legislation to repeal the standards outright, and Indiana has since withdrawn from the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Among the territories of the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the American Samoa Islands have adopted the standards while Puerto Rico has not adopted the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Alabama initially adopted the Standards, but the state rescinded adoption in November 2013.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Governor Robert Bentley cited federal interventions as a reason for his opposition, saying he was opposed because of \"federal control of our education system.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ David Coleman (born 1969) is the ninth president of the College Board, a not-for-profit corporation that is best known for designing the SAT exam and the Advanced Placement (AP) test.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ He is frequently described in the media as \"the architect\" of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ Coleman was born in Manhattan to a Jewish family.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ David Coleman's father is a psychiatrist; his mother, Elizabeth Coleman, was from 1987 to 2013 the president of Bennington College in Vermont.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ At the time Coleman was growing up, his mother was Dean of The New School in downtown Manhattan.", "David Coleman (education) __knowledge__ The family moved to Vermont when David was in college.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician who was the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a J.D.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ from Yale Law School in 1973.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975.", "Bobby Jindal __knowledge__ Piyush \"Bobby\" Jindal (born June 10, 1971) is an American politician who was the 55th Governor of Louisiana between 2008 and 2016, and previously served as a U.S.", "Bobby Jindal __knowledge__ Congressman and as the vice chairman of the Republican Governors Association.", "Bobby Jindal __knowledge__ In 1996, Jindal was appointed secretary of the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals and in 1999, at age 28, he was appointed as the youngest president in the history of the University of Louisiana System.", "Bobby Jindal __knowledge__ In 2001, President George W. Bush appointed Jindal as principal adviser to the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services.", "Bobby Jindal __knowledge__ He first ran for governor of Louisiana in 2003, but lost in the run-off election to Democratic candidate, Kathleen Blanco." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ Three countries—Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—had originally set 5 January 2005 as the date of signing the agreement relating to the CARICOM single market and economy (CSME).", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The ceremony had then been rescheduled to coincide with 19 February 2005 inauguration of the new CARICOM-headquarters building in Georgetown, Guyana, but this was later postponed after a ruling by the London Privy council caused alarm to several Caribbean countries.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The prospect was that ten of the remaining twelve CARICOM countries would join the CSME by the end of 2005.", "Projects of the Caribbean Community __knowledge__ The Bahamas and Haiti were not expected to be a part of the new economic arrangement at that time.", "Nuclear program of Iran __knowledge__ The nuclear program of Iran has included several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants.", "Nuclear program of Iran __knowledge__ In 1970, Iran ratified the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), making its nuclear program subject to the IAEA's verification.", "Nuclear program of Iran __knowledge__ Iran's nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program.", "Nuclear program of Iran __knowledge__ The participation of the United States and Western European governments in Iran's nuclear program continued until the 1979 Iranian Revolution that toppled the last Shah of Iran.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ The Mughal Empire's province Gujarat (now in India) was managed by the viceroys appointed by the emperors.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ The emperor Farrukhsiyar was deposed by influential Sayad brothers in 1719.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ He was succeeded by the short reigns of Rafi ud-Darajat and Shah Jahan II.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ Finally Muhammad Shah was raised to the throne by them.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ To make peace with powerful vassal, he appointed Ajítsingh of Márwár as a viceroy.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ The Maratha incursions continued and Píláji Gáikwár established himself at Songad near southern border of Gujarat.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ Ajit Singh had appointed Anopsingh Bhandari as his deputy.", "Gujarat under Muhammad Shah __knowledge__ For helping to depose the influential Sayad brothers, Haidar Kúli Khán was appointed the next viceroy.", "Macedonia naming dispute __knowledge__ The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute regarding the use of the name Macedonia between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia, formerly a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.", "Macedonia naming dispute __knowledge__ Pertinent to its background is an early 20th century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars.", "Macedonia naming dispute __knowledge__ The specific naming dispute, although an existing issue in Yugoslav–Greek relations since World War II, was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2013 until he was disqualified for life from office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2017.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ He had previously served as the Prime Minister twice in the 90s (1990–93 and 1997–99) and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ He is Pakistan's longest-serving prime minister.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ Born into the upper-middle class Sharif family in Lahore, he is the son of Ittefaq and Sharif Group founder, Muhammad Sharif, and the elder-brother of three-time elected Punjab Chief Minister, Shehbaz.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The Common Core State Standards Initiative is an educational initiative in the United States that details what K–12 students should know in English language arts and mathematics at the end of each grade.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ The initiative is sponsored by the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and seeks to establish consistent educational standards across the states as well as ensure that students graduating from high school are prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce.", "Common Core State Standards Initiative __knowledge__ In the 1990s, the \"Standards & Accountability Movement\" began in the U.S. as states began writing standards (a) outlining what students were expected to know and to be able to do at each grade level, and (b) implementing assessments designed to measure whether students were meeting the standards.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ In the United States, each state has an adopted set of academic standards for education that help define the curriculum for that state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ Most states adopted a common set of standards under the Common Core State Standards initiative.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The following is a list of academic standards for each state.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alabama adopted the use of Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Alaska, through the Alaska Department of Education, adopted the Alaska Standards, accessible online.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arizona adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "U.S. State Standards __knowledge__ The state of Arkansas adopted the use of the Common Core Standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ 46 states initially adopted the Common Core State Standards, although implementation has not been uniform.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ At least 12 states have introduced legislation to repeal the standards outright, and Indiana has since withdrawn from the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Among the territories of the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the American Samoa Islands have adopted the standards while Puerto Rico has not adopted the standards.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Alabama initially adopted the Standards, but the state rescinded adoption in November 2013.", "Common Core implementation by state __knowledge__ Governor Robert Bentley cited federal interventions as a reason for his opposition, saying he was opposed because of \"federal control of our education system.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Jeb Bush is a Republican politician in the United States.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Bush was governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ He was a candidate for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in the 2016 election.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ In 2013, statistician Nate Silver \"constructed ideological scores for a set of plausible 2016 Republican candidates based on a combination of three statistical indices.\"", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ Bush's ideological score on this scale was similar to that of previous Republican nominees John McCain and Mitt Romney.", "Political positions of Jeb Bush __knowledge__ A January 2015 Bloomberg News analysis suggested that Jeb Bush is more conservative than former presidents George W. Bush (Jeb's brother) and George H. W. Bush (Jeb's father).", "Curriculum __knowledge__ In education, a curriculum (; plural: curricula or curriculums) is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process.", "Curriculum __knowledge__ The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals.", "Curriculum __knowledge__ In a 2003 study Reys, Reys, Lapan, Holliday and Wasman refer to curriculum as a set of learning goals articulated across grades that outline the intended mathematics content and process goals at particular points in time throughout the K–12 school program.", "Curriculum __knowledge__ Curriculum may incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives." ] ]

[ 21, 14, 17, 48, 0 ]

[ "That's interesting, do you plan to teach in the US? If so do you plan to teach public or private school?", "That sounds impressive. I went to public school here and I learned a lot. I think it's important as well, are you OK with the government setting the standards?", "Interesting, this is the first I'm hearing about Common Core. It is interesting these days with so many resources to be able to learn with.", "I see, the Common Core seems to have made the mistake of underestimating the differences between each state and county. I think they need to customize the curriculum for maximum effectiveness.", "I'm from the United States I was just ignorant to how the Common Core works." ]

[ "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher" ]

[ "Bacon\nBacon is one of my favorite foods!", "No I haven't but it actually sounds pretty good! lol", "I think I could survive on bacon alone! lol", "LOL Seriously? Bacon means buttocks. That is really funny!", "Yes! I feel bad for them too. Bacon makes my world go round." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The peanut butter and banana sandwich, or peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich, sometimes referred to as an Elvis sandwich or simply the Elvis, consists of toasted bread slices with peanut butter, sliced or mashed banana, and sometimes bacon.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ Honey is seen in some variations of the sandwich.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The sandwich is frequently cooked in a pan or on a griddle.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The recipe for the sandwich has been published in numerous cookbooks and newspaper stories.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ It is sold commercially in restaurants that specialize in peanut butter sandwiches, such as Peanut Butter & Co.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The peanut butter and banana sandwich has been referred to as a favorite of Elvis Presley, who was renowned for his food cravings such as the Fool's Gold Loaf, a loaf of Italian bread filled with a pound of bacon, peanut butter, and grape jelly.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ The Bacon Cookbook: More than 150 Recipes from Around the World for Everyone's Favorite Food is a cookbook on bacon by James Villas.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ It was published by Wiley in 2007.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Villas is a former food editor for \"Town & Country\" magazine, and \"The Bacon Cookbook\" is his 15th book on food.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He notes on the book's jacket that he was \"beguiled by bacon since he was a boy.\"", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He describes the appeal of bacon in the book's preface, and in the introduction recounts the history of the product, as well as its variations from different locations internationally.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Chapters are structured by type of recipe and food course, and in total the book includes 168 recipes.", "Iu Mien people __knowledge__ The Iu Mien people are a Southeast Asian subset of the Yao people, a minority group originally from China.", "Iu Mien people __knowledge__ Displaced by the Vietnam War, many settled in the United States from the late 1970s to the mid 1990s.", "Iu Mien people __knowledge__ From China, the Iu Mien migrated to Vietnam, Laos and Thailand.", "Iu Mien people __knowledge__ The Iu Mien people were the first civilization in China according to the chanting song story, \"Iu Mien Elders\", a shaman’s worship book written by Iu Mien elders in ancient Chinese characters.", "Iu Mien people __knowledge__ The Iu Mien nation was located in the southern part of China today known as Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan provinces and was ruled by the king of the Iu Mien people.", "J&amp;D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ J&D's Down Home Enterprises, also known as J&D's Foods, is an American company based in Seattle, Washington, that produces bacon-related products such as Bacon Salt and Baconnaise.", "J&amp;D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ The company was founded in 2007 by Justin Esch and Dave Lefkow who used a $5,000 prize winning from \"America's Funniest Home Videos\" as start capital to launch the business.", "J&amp;D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ J&D's used an unconventional, yet successful advertising campaign consisting of on-line Social network services and personal telephone calls to the media to get stories written about them resulting in selling 20,000 jars of their initial product, Bacon Salt, in their first five months of operation.", "Day of the Dead __knowledge__ The Day of the Dead () is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places, especially the United States.", "Day of the Dead __knowledge__ It is acknowledged internationally in many other cultures.", "Day of the Dead __knowledge__ The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey.", "Day of the Dead __knowledge__ In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.", "Day of the Dead __knowledge__ The holiday is sometimes called \"Día de los Muertos\" in Anglophone countries, a back-translation of its original name, \"Día de Muertos\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ \"For Those About to Rock (We Salute You)\" is a song by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC.", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ The song was first released on AC/DC's eighth studio album \"For Those About to Rock We Salute You\" in 1981, and later as a single in 1982.", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ The single's B-side contains an edited live version of \"Let There Be Rock\", recorded in Landover, Maryland, in late-1981.", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ The video to \"For Those About to Rock (We Salute You)\" was filmed at that same concert.", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ The song was later included on AC/DC's first soundtrack album, \"Who Made Who\", released in 1986 for the Stephen King film \"Maximum Overdrive\".", "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) __knowledge__ The title and central lyric of the song are based on an ancient salute used by Roman prisoners to be executed in the Colosseum, \"Ave, Caesar, morituri te salutant\" (\"Hail Caesar, we who are about to die, salute you.\").", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves is an indietronica band from Chicago, Illinois in the United States.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their sound, sometimes also labeled as electropop, is influenced by 1980s new wave, electronic, pop and indie rock genres.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves started in 2007 in Chicago when Aaron and Jimmy met while bartending together in Chicago.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their parents are of Italian and Greek-Cyprian descent respectively.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves's first songs were \"P.G.D.M\" and \"Demons Dancing\" which were recorded between June and September 2007.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Jimmy and Aaron were looking for some female presence in the group and called up Genevieve Schatz from Chicago band Company of Thieves and started to create music together.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The peanut butter and banana sandwich, or peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich, sometimes referred to as an Elvis sandwich or simply the Elvis, consists of toasted bread slices with peanut butter, sliced or mashed banana, and sometimes bacon.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ Honey is seen in some variations of the sandwich.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The sandwich is frequently cooked in a pan or on a griddle.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The recipe for the sandwich has been published in numerous cookbooks and newspaper stories.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ It is sold commercially in restaurants that specialize in peanut butter sandwiches, such as Peanut Butter & Co.", "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich __knowledge__ The peanut butter and banana sandwich has been referred to as a favorite of Elvis Presley, who was renowned for his food cravings such as the Fool's Gold Loaf, a loaf of Italian bread filled with a pound of bacon, peanut butter, and grape jelly.", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground dry roasted peanuts.", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ It often contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners or emulsifiers.", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ Peanut butter is popular in many countries.", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ The United States is a leading exporter of peanut butter and itself consumes $800 million of peanut butter annually.", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ Peanut butter is served as a spread on bread, toast or crackers, and used to make sandwiches (notably the peanut butter and jelly sandwich).", "Peanut butter __knowledge__ It is also used in a number of confections, such as peanut-flavoured granola bars or croissants and other pastries.", "Fool's Gold Loaf __knowledge__ Fool's Gold Loaf is a sandwich made by the Colorado Mine Company, a restaurant in Denver, Colorado.", "Fool's Gold Loaf __knowledge__ The sandwich consists of a single warmed, hollowed-out loaf of bread filled with the contents of one jar of creamy peanut butter, one jar of grape jelly, and a pound of bacon.", "Fool's Gold Loaf __knowledge__ The sandwich's connection to Elvis Presley is the source of its legend and prolonged interest.", "Fool's Gold Loaf __knowledge__ According to \"The Life and Cuisine of Elvis Presley\", it was the focus of a midnight sandwich run by Elvis Presley and his friends.", "Fool's Gold Loaf __knowledge__ Taking his private jet from Graceland, Presley and his friends purchased 30 of the sandwiches and spent two hours eating them and drinking Perrier and champagne before flying home.", "Peanut __knowledge__ The peanut, also known as the groundnut and the goober and taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is classified as both a grain legume and, because of its high oil content, an oil crop.", "Peanut __knowledge__ World annual production of shelled peanuts was 42 million tonnes in 2014.", "Peanut __knowledge__ Atypically among crop plants, peanut pods develop underground rather than aboveground.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is this characteristic that the botanist Linnaeus used to assign the specific name \"hypogaea,\" which means \"under the earth.\"", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ Reese's Peanut Butter Cups are a popular American candy consisting of a milk, white, or dark chocolate cup filled with peanut butter, marketed by The Hershey Company.", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ They were created by H. B. Reese, a former dairy farmer and shipping foreman for Milton S. Hershey.", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ Reese was inspired by Hershey and left dairy farming to start his own candy business.", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ The Harry Burnett Reese Candy Co. was established in the basement of Reese's home in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ Reese had originally worked at a Hershey dairy farm, and from the start he used Hershey Chocolate in his confections.", "Reese's Peanut Butter Cups __knowledge__ Reese's Peanut Butter Cups were his most popular candy, and Reese eventually discontinued his other lines.", "Fluffernutter __knowledge__ A fluffernutter is a sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow fluff usually served on white bread.", "Fluffernutter __knowledge__ Variations of the sandwich include the substitution of wheat bread and the addition of various sweet, salty and savory ingredients.", "Fluffernutter __knowledge__ The term \"fluffernutter\" can also be used to describe other food items, primarily desserts, that incorporate peanut butter and marshmallow fluff.", "Fluffernutter __knowledge__ The sandwich was first created in the early twentieth century after marshmallow creme, a sweet marshmallow-like spread, was invented in Rhode Island.", "Fluffernutter __knowledge__ During World War I, a recipe for a peanut butter and marshmallow creme sandwich, the earliest known example of the sandwich, was published.", "Ed Miliband bacon sandwich photograph __knowledge__ A photograph of the then British Labour Party leader Ed Miliband eating a bacon sandwich was the source of sustained commentary in 2014 and 2015.", "Ed Miliband bacon sandwich photograph __knowledge__ Taken for the \"Evening Standard\" newspaper while Miliband was campaigning in local elections in May 2014, it was said by some to make him look awkward, error prone, incapable of performing simple tasks, or out of touch with ordinary working people.", "Ed Miliband bacon sandwich photograph __knowledge__ It sparked several internet memes, both supportive and mocking, and fuelled a debate about the lengths to which politicians attempt to control their public image.", "Ed Miliband bacon sandwich photograph __knowledge__ Miliband dismissed the debate, arguing it was unimportant, and others, including opponents, described the media focus on it as unfair or part of a wider negative personality-based media campaign." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "Shakespeare authorship question __knowledge__ The Shakespeare authorship question is the argument that someone other than William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon wrote the works attributed to him.", "Shakespeare authorship question __knowledge__ Anti-Stratfordians—a collective term for adherents of the various alternative-authorship theories—believe that Shakespeare of Stratford was a front to shield the identity of the real author or authors, who for some reason did not want or could not accept public credit.", "Shakespeare authorship question __knowledge__ Although the idea has attracted much public interest, all but a few Shakespeare scholars and literary historians consider it a fringe belief, and for the most part acknowledge it only to rebut or disparage the claims.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ The Baconian theory of Shakespearean authorship holds that Sir Francis Bacon, philosopher, essayist and scientist, wrote the plays which were publicly attributed to William Shakespeare.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Various explanations are offered for this alleged subterfuge, most commonly that Bacon's rise to high office might have been hindered were it to become known that he wrote plays for the public stage.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Thus the plays were credited to Shakespeare, who was merely a front to shield the identity of Bacon.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Bacon was the first alternative candidate suggested as the author of Shakespeare's plays.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ The theory was first put forth in the mid-nineteenth century, based on perceived correspondences between the philosophical ideas found in Bacon’s writings and the works of Shakespeare.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian or Magyar cuisine is the cuisine characteristic of the nation of Hungary and its primary ethnic group, the Magyars.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based on meats, seasonal vegetables, fruits, fresh bread, dairy products and cheeses.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian cuisine is mostly continental Central European, with some elements from Eastern Europe such as the use of poppy, and the popularity of kefir and quark (cottage cheese).", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Paprika, a quintessential spice and pepper is often associated with Hungary and is used prominently in a handful of dishes.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Typical Hungarian food is heavy on dairy, cheese and meats, similar to that of neighboring West Slavic cuisines (Czech, Polish and Slovak).", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus \"Musa\" whose fruits are generally used in cooking.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ They may be eaten while ripe or unripe and are generally starchy.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Some cooking bananas are also referred to as green bananas or plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ ( , ) The term \"plantain\" is loosely applied to any banana cultivar that is eaten when cooked.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ However, there is no formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking is also a matter of custom, rather than necessity.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Ripe plantains can be eaten raw, since the starches are converted to sugars as they ripen.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ In some countries, there may be a clear distinction between plantains and bananas, but in other countries, where many more cultivars are consumed, the distinction is not made in the common names used." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum Scientiarum ('new instrument of science'), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ The title is a reference to Aristotle's work \"Organon\", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ In \"Novum Organum\", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ This is now known as the Baconian method.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ For Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning.", "Novum Organum __knowledge__ In finding the cause of a 'phenomenal nature' such as heat, one must list all of the situations where heat is found.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ Terrance Casey Brennan (born August 11, 1948) is an American comic book writer.", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ During the 1970s, he wrote for Warren Publishing's black-and-white horror-comics anthologies \"Creepy\" and \"Eerie\", and \"Vampirella\".", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ He also wrote for DC Comics' \"House of Mystery\" and Archie Comics' \"Red Circle Sorcery\".", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ In the 1980s, Brennan campaigned to have depictions of smoking in comics banned, which led then-Gov.", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ Bill Clinton of Arkansas to issue a proclamation designating January 1990 as \"T. Casey Brennan Month.\"", "T. Casey Brennan __knowledge__ Kitaro's Sideshow, podcast in Hebrew from Israel, featured songs by T. Casey Brennan in episodes #36 and #37.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the culinary name for meat from a domestic pig (\"Sus scrofa domesticus\").", "Pork __knowledge__ It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BC.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved.", "Pork __knowledge__ Curing extends the shelf life of the pork products.", "Pork __knowledge__ Ham, smoked pork, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the most popular meat in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, and is also very common in the Western world, especially in Central Europe.", "Pork __knowledge__ It is highly prized in Asian cuisines for its fat content and pleasant texture.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ The BACHO record format is one of the two standard formats used for the interchange of financial transactions in the New Zealand banking system.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ The other standard format is QC.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ BACHO-format transactions are primarily used in batch processing systems running on MVS mainframe computers.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ A BACHO record is a fixed-length 160-byte entity.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ This length restriction has led to a number of complexities in interpreting the contents of BACHO transactions, including: The BACHO file consists of lines of data that contain individual records, one per line.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ The format of the BACHO file is as follows: 1.", "BACHO record format __knowledge__ A Header record 2.", "Bacho Kiro __knowledge__ Bacho Kiro () (7 July 1835 – 28 May 1876) was the nickname of Kiro Petrov Zanev (Киро Петров Занев), a Bulgarian teacher, man of letters and revolutionary who took an active part in the April Uprising.", "Bacho Kiro __knowledge__ Bacho Kiro was born in what is today Byala Cherkva, Veliko Tarnovo Province (then called Gorni Turcheta), to the family of the herdsman Petar Zanev.", "Bacho Kiro __knowledge__ After finishing the religious school in his village, he joined the Batoshevo Monastery as a neophyte.", "Bacho Kiro __knowledge__ From 1852 on, he worked as a teacher in various villages, including Koevtsi, Musina, Mihaltsi, Vishovgrad and his native Byala Cherkva, where he lived and taught from 1857 to 1876 with some interruptions.", "List of bacon dishes __knowledge__ The following is a list of bacon dishes.", "List of bacon dishes __knowledge__ The word \"bacon\" is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\", or \"side of bacon\", and cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "List of bacon dishes __knowledge__ Bacon is made from the sides, belly, or back of the pig and contains varying amounts of fat depending on the cut.", "List of bacon dishes __knowledge__ It is cured and smoked over wood cut from apple trees, mesquite trees, or hickory trees.", "List of bacon dishes __knowledge__ Bacon is used as an ingredient or condiment in a number of dishes.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ Bacho (, ) is the northernmost district (\"amphoe\") of Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ In 1908 the district was established as the minor district (\"king amphoe\") Champako (จำปากอ), which was upgraded to a full district the following year.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ In 1917 the district was renamed to Bacho.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ The district was part of the Province Sai Buri, which was abolished in 1932.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ While Sai Buri District came to Pattani Province, Bacho was added to Narathiwat.", "Bacho District __knowledge__ Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Mueang Narathiwat, Yi-ngo, and Rueso of Narathiwat Province, Raman of Yala Province, and Kapho, Sai Buri, and Mai Kaen of Pattani Province.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ Peter Bacho is a writer and teacher best known for his book \"Cebu\" which won the American Book Award.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ His book is defined as Filipino American literature because of its explorations in themes such as neocolonialism and Filipino-American identity.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ Bacho also won the Washington Governor’s Writers Award for \"Dark Blue Suit\" a collection of stories.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ Many of Bacho's books deal with the Filipino experience in the United States.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ He considers himself an \"old Filipino writer\".", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ Bacho teaches in the Liberal Studies Program at The Evergreen State College, Tacoma Campus.", "Peter Bacho __knowledge__ He is also a lecturer in the Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences program at the University of Washington Tacoma." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ The Baconian theory of Shakespearean authorship holds that Sir Francis Bacon, philosopher, essayist and scientist, wrote the plays which were publicly attributed to William Shakespeare.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Various explanations are offered for this alleged subterfuge, most commonly that Bacon's rise to high office might have been hindered were it to become known that he wrote plays for the public stage.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Thus the plays were credited to Shakespeare, who was merely a front to shield the identity of Bacon.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ Bacon was the first alternative candidate suggested as the author of Shakespeare's plays.", "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship __knowledge__ The theory was first put forth in the mid-nineteenth century, based on perceived correspondences between the philosophical ideas found in Bacon’s writings and the works of Shakespeare.", "Go Round (song) __knowledge__ \"Go Round\" (released with \"Yeah-Oh\" as \"Go Round/Yeah-Oh\") is a song by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro from her tenth studio album \"Uncontrolled\" (2012).", "Go Round (song) __knowledge__ It was released as a double a-side single with another album track \"Yeah-Oh\" and was served as the fourth single on March 21, 2012 by Avex Trax.", "Go Round (song) __knowledge__ \"Go Round\" was written by Aili, produced by T-Sk and co-composed by Tesung Kim and Australian duo Nervo.", "Go Round (song) __knowledge__ With a cover sleeve, photographed by Takaki Kumada, showing Amuro in front of a blurry window pane, \"Go Round\" was recorded both in English and Japanese language and is a dance-pop song.", "Go Round (song) __knowledge__ \"Go Round\" received mixed reviews from music critics, many whom highlighted it from the parent album and commended the composition while some felt the production and lyrics were generic and regressive.", "True Blue (Madonna album) __knowledge__ True Blue is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Madonna, released on June 30, 1986, by Sire Records.", "True Blue (Madonna album) __knowledge__ She co-wrote and co-produced the entire album with Stephen Bray and Patrick Leonard.", "True Blue (Madonna album) __knowledge__ \"True Blue\" deals with her visions of love, work, dreams as well as disappointments, and was inspired by her then husband Sean Penn, to whom Madonna dedicated the album.", "True Blue (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Musically, the songs on the album took a different direction from her previous endeavours, incorporating classical music in order to engage an older audience who had been skeptical of her music.", "True Blue (Madonna album) __knowledge__ The album features instrumentation from acoustic guitars, drums, synthesizers and Cuban musical instruments.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ Sandra Barber is a House music and dance music singer from New York City who uses the stage name Sandy B.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ She is primarily known for two of her solo records which reached #1 on Billboard's Dance/Club Play chart, \"Make the World Go Round\" and \"Ain't No Need To Hide\" in 1996, and 1997, respectively.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ Both songs were produced by the duo Deep Dish.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ Stonebridge (DJ) remixes of \"Make The World Go Round\" were also released.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ In an unusual reversal of the conventional music industry success story, Sandy B had her #1 hits after leaving a major record label for an indie label.", "Sandy B __knowledge__ Though her two chart toppers were released on Champion Records, her debut #1 single \"Feel Like Singin\" had been released in 1992 on Nervous Records.", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ \"Make the World Go Away'\" is a country-popular music song composed by Hank Cochran.", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ It has become a Top 40 popular success three times: for Timi Yuro (during 1963), for Eddy Arnold (1965), and for the brother-sister duo Donny and Marie Osmond (1975).", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ The original version of the song was recorded by Ray Price during 1963.", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ It has remained a country crooner standard ever since.", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ Hank Cochran wrote the song while he was on a date at a movie theater 1960 when the film inspired him.", "Make the World Go Away __knowledge__ He left the theater quickly, and by the time he got home fifteen minutes later had composed \"Make the World Go Away\".Ray Price recorded the song, and it scored No.2 on the Billboard country charts in 1963.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ John Watts is a British musician and multimedia artist.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ He was born into a family of singers on 27 December 1954 in Frimley, Surrey.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ Watts began his career as a mental health worker having studied clinical psychology before finding success as a musician with his band Fischer-Z.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ He currently lives and works in Brighton, UK.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ Having played the punk and new wave circuit through the early 1970s, Watts formed the band Fischer-Z with Steve Skolnik at Brunel University in 1976.", "John Watts (singer) __knowledge__ Arriving at a point where punk, art wave, and reggae crossed over, they secured a record deal with UA in 1978 alongside the Buzzcocks, The Stranglers, and Dr. Feelgood.", "Bad Machinery __knowledge__ Bad Machinery is a webcomic written and drawn by John Allison and set in the fictional West Yorkshire town of Tackleford, England.", "Bad Machinery __knowledge__ \"Bad Machinery\" started on 21 September 2009 loosely based on characters and situations from John Allison's previous webcomic, \"Scary Go Round\".", "Bad Machinery __knowledge__ New full colour paneled pages appeared four times a week.", "Bad Machinery __knowledge__ The story of \"Bad Machinery\" picks up three years after the end of \"Scary Go Round\" and involves two groups of schoolchildren that investigate mysteries.", "Bad Machinery __knowledge__ After the announcement of the end of \"Scary Go Round\", John Allison answered readers' questions about the \"new comic\" in his blog, posted on 2009-09-13.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions).", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ Islam and antisemitism relates to Islamic theological teaching against Jews and Judaism and the treatment of Jews in Muslim communities.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ With the origin of Islam in the 7th century and its rapid spread in the Arabian peninsula and beyond, Jews (and many other people) came to be subject to the rule of Muslim rulers.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ The quality of the rule varied considerably in different periods, as did the attitudes of the rulers, government officials, clergy and general population to various subject peoples from time to time, which was reflected in their treatment of these subjects.", "Islam and antisemitism __knowledge__ Reuven Firestone says, \"negative assessments and even condemnation of prior religions and their adherents occur in all three scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.\"", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the culinary name for meat from a domestic pig (\"Sus scrofa domesticus\").", "Pork __knowledge__ It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BC.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved.", "Pork __knowledge__ Curing extends the shelf life of the pork products.", "Pork __knowledge__ Ham, smoked pork, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the most popular meat in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, and is also very common in the Western world, especially in Central Europe.", "Pork __knowledge__ It is highly prized in Asian cuisines for its fat content and pleasant texture.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ The status of religious freedom around the world varies from country to country.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ Over 120 national constitutions mention equality regardless of religion.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ Freedom of religion in Algeria is regulated by the Algerian Constitution, which declares Islam to be the state religion (Article 2) but also declares that \"freedom of creed and opinion is inviolable\" (Article 36); it prohibits discrimination, Article 29 states \"All citizens are equal before the law.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ No discrimination shall prevail because of birth, race, sex, opinion or any other personal or social condition or circumstance\".", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ In practice, the government generally respects this, with some limited exceptions.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Islamic–Jewish relations started in the 7th century AD with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ The two religions share similar values, guidelines, and principles.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Islam also incorporates Jewish history as a part of its own.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Muslims regard the Children of Israel as an important religious concept in Islam.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Moses, the most important prophet of Judaism, is also considered a prophet and messenger in Islam.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual, and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ There are approximately forty-three references to the Israelites in the Quran (excluding individual prophets), and many in the Hadith." ] ]

[ 16, 3, 5, 7, 10 ]

[ "Have you ever made a peanut butter bacon sandwich? It was Elvis's favorite!", "Bacon is good on its own or as a side dish or on a sandwich... Really it's pretty much always good", "Bacon comes from bacho which means buttock in German!", "Yep, I feel bad for people who are Jewish or Muslim. Their religions prohibits the consumption of bacon and pigs in general", "Bacon is sometimes dried for weeks or months. Such a gourmet food :)" ]

[ "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon" ]

[ "Golf", "I don't know anything about golf! How many types of clubs do they typically use in a game?", "Interesting! When was golf first created as a game?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ A sound reinforcement system is the combination of microphones, signal processors, amplifiers, and loudspeakers in enclosures all controlled by a mixing console that makes live or pre-recorded sounds louder and may also distribute those sounds to a larger or more distant audience.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ In many situations, a sound reinforcement system is also used to enhance or alter the sound of the sources on the stage, typically by using electronic effects, such as reverb, as opposed to simply amplifying the sources unaltered.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ A sound reinforcement system for a rock concert in a stadium may be very complex, including hundreds of microphones, complex live sound mixing and signal processing systems, tens of thousands of watts of amplifier power, and multiple loudspeaker arrays, all overseen by a team of audio engineers and technicians.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Urban golf is a game, derived from the original game of golf, in which individual players or teams hit a ball into a hole or at a specified target using various clubs.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Urban golf is currently becoming popular across the world in many varying formats.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Its origin is ambiguous but is believed to be started in Scotland in 1741 outside The White Hart Inn in the Grassmarket area of Edinburgh by a Duncan Thomas.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ There are now many organizations across the world actuating this seemingly destructive pastime.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Shoreditch Golf Club formed the first 18 hole, par 72 open tournament in London in 2004.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Since 2004 Le 19ème Trou (The 19th Hole) From France organizes many events and was the first team to organize a national championship (The French City Pro tour).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "Golf ball __knowledge__ A golf ball is a special ball designed to be used in the game of golf.", "Golf ball __knowledge__ Under the rules of golf, a golf ball has a mass no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 grams), has a diameter not less than 1.680 in (42.67 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits.", "Golf ball __knowledge__ Like golf clubs, golf balls are subject to testing and approval by the R&A (formerly part of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the United States Golf Association, and those that do not conform with regulations may not be used in competitions \"(Rule 5–1)\".", "Golf ball __knowledge__ It is commonly believed that hard wooden, round balls were the first balls used for golf between the 14th through the 17th centuries.", "Golf course __knowledge__ A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played.", "Golf course __knowledge__ It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick (\"pin\") and hole (\"cup\").", "Golf course __knowledge__ A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Many older courses are links, often coastal.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour.", "Softball __knowledge__ Softball is a variant of baseball played with a larger ball on a smaller field.", "Softball __knowledge__ It was invented in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, United States as an indoor game.", "Softball __knowledge__ It was at various times called indoor baseball, mush ball, playground, softball, kitten ball, and because it was also played by women, ladies' baseball.", "Softball __knowledge__ The name \"softball\" was given to the game in 1926, because the ball used to be soft.", "Softball __knowledge__ A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game.", "Softball __knowledge__ The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) governs the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The origins of golf are unclear and much debated.", "History of golf __knowledge__ However, it is generally accepted that modern golf developed in Scotland from the Middle Ages onwards.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The game did not find international popularity until the late 19th century, when it spread into the rest of the United Kingdom and then to the British Empire and the United States.", "History of golf __knowledge__ A golf-like game is, apocryphally, recorded as taking place on 26 February 1297, in Loenen aan de Vecht, where the Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The winner was whoever hit the ball with the least number of strokes into a target several hundred yards away.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Play is fast and demands quick reactions.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Despite their similarities, the two sports also have many differences in play and in strategy.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ A comparison between baseball and cricket can be instructive to followers of either sport, since the similarities help to highlight nuances particular to each game.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Bat-and-ball games, in general, are sports in which one team (the fielding team) has possession of the ball and delivers it to a member of the other team (the batting team), who tries to hit it.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ The two opposing teams take turns playing these two distinct roles, which are continuous during a specified interval." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ Lubaynah was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ She was one of the slaves freed by Abu Bakr.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ She was in the possession of the Muammil branch of the Adi clan of the Quraysh.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ Zaneerah was her companion in slavery.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ They were both among the early converts to Islam in Mecca.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ In 614 the Quraysh began a deliberate strategy of persecuting the Muslims of the lower classes in an attempt to make them abandon their faith.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ Umar was the member of the Adi clan who tortured Lubaynah.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ One day Abu Bakr passed by while Umar was in the act of punishing Lubaynah.", "Lubaynah __knowledge__ He beat her until he was tired, then he said: \"I have only stopped beating you because I'm tired.\"", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ Earl Dennison Woods (March 5, 1932 – May 3, 2006) was a US Army infantry officer who served two tours of duty in Vietnam, and retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel.", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ He was a college-level baseball player and writer, and father of professional golfer Tiger Woods.", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ Woods started his son in golf at a very early age, and coached him exclusively for his first years in the sport.", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ Earl Woods was born in Manhattan, Kansas.", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ His father, Miles Woods, had five children by his first wife, Viola, and six more (of whom Earl was the youngest) by his second, Maude Carter.", "Earl Woods __knowledge__ Miles Woods was an epileptic who worked as a street cleaner and caretaker.", "List of Saint Seiya Episode.G characters __knowledge__ The \"Saint Seiya Episode.G\" manga features a large number of fictional characters, both created by its author, Megumu Okada, and by Masami Kurumada, author of the original \"Saint Seiya\" universe in which the story takes place.", "List of Saint Seiya Episode.G characters __knowledge__ \"Episode.G\" acts as a prequel to Kurumada's work and it is set seven years before the events of the first manga, in a fictional universe where the Greek gods cyclically reincarnate into the world to wage war on each other for dominance.", "List of Saint Seiya Episode.G characters __knowledge__ Okada takes characters who had played only a supporting role in the original series and puts them in the position of protagonists.", "List of Saint Seiya Episode.G characters __knowledge__ The old main characters appear only briefly, in flashforwards of the future.", "Henni Zuël __knowledge__ Henrietta \"Henni\" Zuël (born 6 January 1990) is an English professional golfer and the youngest ever player to join the Ladies European Tour as an amateur.", "Henni Zuël __knowledge__ She was a nominee for Britain’s Best Awards for Home Grown Talent and entered the professional Ladies European Tour after turning pro in 2008.", "Henni Zuël __knowledge__ Born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, Zuël’s interest in golf first materialised at the age of nine, when she watched the Masters on television.", "Henni Zuël __knowledge__ Transfixed by the golf on display and, after watching José María Olazábal triumph, Henni stated her intention to become a golfer.", "Henni Zuël __knowledge__ Upon receiving her first set of golf clubs, Zuël played whenever she had a spare moment.", "Tufty Mann __knowledge__ Norman Bertram Fleetwood \"Tufty\" Mann (28 December 1920 – 31 July 1952) was a South African cricketer who played in 19 Tests from 1947 to 1951.", "Tufty Mann __knowledge__ Tall, thin and bespectacled, Tufty Mann was a lower-order right-handed batsman and a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler.", "Tufty Mann __knowledge__ He played first-class cricket for Natal in the seasons immediately before and after the Second World War, and then played for Eastern Province from 1946–47.", "Tufty Mann __knowledge__ But more than two-thirds of his 73 first-class games were for South Africa, on tours to England in 1947 and 1951 and in home series against England and Australia.", "Tufty Mann __knowledge__ Born in Benoni, Transvaal, Mann was educated at the Michaelhouse boarding school in South Africa and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed The Golden Bear, is a retired American professional golfer.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as the greatest golfer of all time, winning a record 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes, over a span of 25 years.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Nicklaus focused on the major championships—Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship and PGA Championship—and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Woods (79).", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Nicklaus won the U.S.", "Golf course __knowledge__ A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played.", "Golf course __knowledge__ It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick (\"pin\") and hole (\"cup\").", "Golf course __knowledge__ A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Many older courses are links, often coastal.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle, which may be of two types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; and (2) man-made hazards such as bunkers.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ For example, a player may not touch the ground with his club before playing a ball, not even for a practice swing.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ A ball in any hazard may be played as it lies without penalty.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ If it cannot be played from the hazard, the ball may be hit from another location, generally with a penalty of one stroke.", "Hazard (golf) __knowledge__ The Rules of Golf govern exactly from where the ball may be played outside a hazard.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ Langston Golf Course is an 18-hole golf course in Washington, D.C., established in 1939.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was named for John Mercer Langston, an African American who was the first dean of the Howard University School of Law, the first president of Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute (now Virginia State University), and the first African American elected to the United States Congress from Virginia.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was the second racially desegregated golf course in the District of Columbia, and in 1991 its first nine holes were added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ The course's official address is 2600 Benning Road NE.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Urban golf is a game, derived from the original game of golf, in which individual players or teams hit a ball into a hole or at a specified target using various clubs.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Urban golf is currently becoming popular across the world in many varying formats.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Its origin is ambiguous but is believed to be started in Scotland in 1741 outside The White Hart Inn in the Grassmarket area of Edinburgh by a Duncan Thomas.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ There are now many organizations across the world actuating this seemingly destructive pastime.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Shoreditch Golf Club formed the first 18 hole, par 72 open tournament in London in 2004.", "Urban golf __knowledge__ Since 2004 Le 19ème Trou (The 19th Hole) From France organizes many events and was the first team to organize a national championship (The French City Pro tour).", "Disc golf __knowledge__ Disc golf (also called \"Frisbee Golf\" or sometimes \"Frolf\") is a flying disc sport in which players throw a disc at a target, and is played using rules similar to golf.", "Disc golf __knowledge__ It is often played on a course of 9 or 18 holes, but other formats are common.", "Disc golf __knowledge__ Players complete a hole by throwing a disc from a tee area toward a target, throwing again from the landing position of the disc until the target is reached.", "Disc golf __knowledge__ Players seek to complete a course in the lowest number of total throws.", "Disc golf __knowledge__ The game is played in about 40 countries and according to a 2017 study there are about 44,000 active members of the PDGA worldwide.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Van Cortlandt Park is a park located in the borough of the Bronx in New York City.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Owned by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is managed with assistance from the Van Cortlandt Park Conservancy and the Friends of Van Cortlandt Park.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ The park, the city's third-largest, was named for the Van Cortlandt family, which was prominent in the area during the Dutch and English colonial periods.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Van Cortlandt Park's sports facilities include two golf courses and several miles of paths for running, as well as smaller facilities for swimming, baseball, soccer, tennis, horseback riding, cross-country running, and cricket." ] ]

[ 1, 28, 8 ]

[ "Playing golf is one of my favorite hobbies. It's a game where players use different types of clubs to try and hit a ball into a designated hole. ", "I'm not sure but golf courses are comprised of a series of holes. They have different grounds too like the \"rough\" and water hazards.", "Golf actually originated in 15th century Scotland." ]

[ "Golf", "Golf", "Golf" ]

[ "Cat", "Hi! When I lived at home we had a cat and a dog. My dog was a golden retriever but he passed away back in October. I've been bugging my husband to get a puppy recently. How old are your cats?", "That's great! I love animals. I wanted a munchkin cat for awhile but they are expensive and tough to find! ", "Munchkin cats are so cute! They have extra short legs but they are genetically safe (I've done my research). You should look them up! Although a manx cat sounds cute too. I love everything fluffy - I want a bernese mountain dog or newfoundland pup. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The Blue Peter pets are animals that regularly appear on the long-running BBC children's television series \"Blue Peter\".", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ For 27 years, when not on TV, these pets were often looked after by \"Blue Peter\"'s long-standing pet keeper Edith Menezes, who died in 1994, the exceptions being the dogs Petra, Shep and Goldie who lived with Peter Purves, John Noakes and Simon Groom respectively, for which the three presenters were paid a stipend for their upkeep.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The first pet was a dog named Petra in 1962, and since then there have been several dogs, cats, tortoises, and parrots, and horses Joe And Simon.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The current animals on the show are Shelley the tortoise and Iggy the trainee guide dog puppy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ Think Think () and Ah Tsai () are two cats belonging to the President of Taiwan, Dr. Tsai Ing-wen.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ The former law professor was elected President on 16 January 2016, and assumed office on 20 May 2016.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ She is one of the first women elected to lead an Asian state without coming from a political dynasty, and the first to officially govern a Chinese-speaking nation since Empress Wu Zetian in the eighth century.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ \"Think Think\" was adopted by Tsai in 2012, after being brought to her as a homeless kitten by Hsiao Bi-khim, a legislator in Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ Hsiao had found the kitten on a muddy road by a railway station near Hualien after Typhoon Saola.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The term Kilkenny cat refers to anyone who is a tenacious fighter.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The origin of the term is now lost so there are many stories purporting to give the true meaning.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ To \"fight like a Kilkenny cat\" refers to an old story about two cats who fought to the death and ate each other up such that only their tails were left.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ There is also a limerick (with optional added couplet) about the two cats: The story has many roots.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The earliest suggested origin is that according to Irish legend, the monster cat Banghaisgidheach made its home in Dunmore Caves in Kilkenny County, about 6 miles north of Kilkenny city.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The Sims 3: Pets is the fifth expansion pack for \"The Sims 3\" on PC and Mac, and is the second console game in the series.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ It was released on October 18, 2011 in North America.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ Like in previous expansions for \"The Sims\" games, this expansion introduces pets such as cats and dogs and, for the first time, horses into the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ On June 3, 2011, EA confirmed the rumors with a press release and a game trailer which was released on their Official YouTube Channel.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ \"The Sims 3: Pets\" expansion pack is focused around adding animals to the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The player creates their pet in a similar fashion to the 'Create A Sim' feature." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ The Munchkin is a relatively new breed of cat characterized by its very short legs, which are caused by a genetic mutation.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ Much controversy erupted over the breed when it was recognized by The International Cat Association in 1995 with critics voicing concern over potential health and mobility issues.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ The name \"munchkin\" derives from writer L. Frank Baum's diminutive inhabitants of Munchkin Country, originating in the 1900 novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\".", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ Short-legged cats have been documented a number of times around the world since the 1940s.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ A British veterinary report in 1944 noted four generations of healthy short-legged cats which were similar to normal cats except for the length of the legs.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the original sequel Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum, and in the later continued Oz series by his grandson Roger S. Baum, Ruth Plumly Thompson, John R. Neill, Jack Snow, Rachel Cosgrove Payes, Eloise Jarvis McGraw and Lauren McGraw, Dick Martin, Eric Shanower, and Sherwood Smith.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ Characters from Gregory Maguire's \"Wicked\" are not included, as his works, among others such as the work of March Laumer, are considered \"heretical\" in Baum scholarship (The term \"heretical\" was first applied to these books by Dr. Stephen J. Teller of Pittsburg State University in the Winter 1988 issue of \"The Baum Bugle\" and appears regularly in Oz fandom).", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ The fictional Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in the classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900).", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east and Winkie Country in the west.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Each province has its own ruler, but the realm itself has always been ruled by a single monarch.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ After The Marvelous Land of Oz, this monarch is Princess Ozma.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Originally, Baum did not intend for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to have any sequels, but it achieved a greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum's children's novel \"Dot and Tot in Merryland\", written a year later.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Munchkin Inc. __knowledge__ Munchkin, Inc. is a privately held, global infant and toddler company headquartered in Van Nuys, California.", "Munchkin Inc. __knowledge__ It was founded in 1991 by Steven B. Dunn and is known for designing, developing, manufacturing, and distributing infant and toddler products.", "Munchkin Inc. __knowledge__ Munchkin has been granted over 100 patents domestically and internationally and has won more than 40 industry awards including, multiple wins of the Target Corporation Partner Award of Excellence, the ASDA Stores Partnership Award, and the Toys “R” Us Vendor of the Year Award.", "Munchkin Inc. __knowledge__ Munchkin products are sold at mass retail stores internationally.", "Munchkin Inc. __knowledge__ The inspiration to develop innovative infant and toddler baby products began after the birth of Steven B. Dunn’s daughter, Beau in 1987.", "Kitten __knowledge__ A kitten, also known as a kitty or kitty cat, is a juvenile cat.", "Kitten __knowledge__ After being born, kittens are totally dependent on their mother for survival and they do not normally open their eyes until after seven to ten days.", "Kitten __knowledge__ After about two weeks, kittens quickly develop and begin to explore the world outside the nest.", "Kitten __knowledge__ After a further three to four weeks, they begin to eat solid food and grow adult teeth.", "Kitten __knowledge__ Domestic kittens are highly social animals and enjoy human companionship.", "Kitten __knowledge__ The word \"kitten\" derives from the Middle English word \"kitoun\", which in turn came from the Old French \"chitoun\" or \"cheton\".", "Kitten __knowledge__ Juvenile big cats are called \"cubs\" rather than kittens; either term may be used for the young of smaller wild felids, such as ocelots, caracals and lynx, but \"kitten\" is usually more common for these species.", "Flat-chested kitten syndrome __knowledge__ Flat-chested kitten syndrome (FCKS), is a disorder in cats, wherein kittens develop a compression of the thorax (chest/ribcage) caused by lung collapse.", "Flat-chested kitten syndrome __knowledge__ This is a soft-tissue problem and is not caused by vertebral or bony malformation.", "Flat-chested kitten syndrome __knowledge__ However lung collapse can be a secondary symptom caused by bony deformity affecting the thorax such as pectus excavatum.", "Flat-chested kitten syndrome __knowledge__ In mild cases, the underside of the chest becomes flattened (hence the name of the condition); in extreme cases the entire thorax is flattened, looking as if the kitten has been stepped on.", "Flat-chested kitten syndrome __knowledge__ The kitten will appear to go from normal to flat in the space of about 2–3 hours, and will usually then stabilise.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Refrigerator Cat, Refrigerator Cat, Cold Storage Cat or Eskimo Cat is repeated as fact in many cat books.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ However, this never existed as a breed.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ Although Refrigerator Cats are frequently described as a lost longhaired breed, the reports describe them as thick-furred.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ There is no standard for this extinct variety.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ The cats upon which the reports were based were pink-eyed albino cats.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ Newspapers reported these cats to be cold-loving, light-sensitive and prone to heat exhaustion or fits at normal temperatures.", "Pittsburgh refrigerator cat __knowledge__ In 1894, the New York Times ran reports about a race of thick-furred, short-tailed chubby cats that had arisen through natural selection in the cold storage warehouses in Pittsburgh.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Wildcat __knowledge__ The wildcat (\"Felis silvestris\") is a small cat native to much of Africa, Europe, and Southwest and Central Asia into India, western China, and Mongolia.", "Wildcat __knowledge__ Because of its wide range it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2002.", "Wildcat __knowledge__ However, crossbreeding of wildcats and domestic cats (\"Felis silvestris catus\") occurs in particular in Europe and is considered a potential threat for the preservation of the wild species.", "Wildcat __knowledge__ The wildcat shows a high degree of geographic variation.", "Wildcat __knowledge__ Whereas the Asiatic wildcat is spotted, the African wildcat is faintly striped, has short sandy-gray fur, banded legs, red-backed ears and a tapering tail." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Bernese Mountain Dog () is a large-sized breed of dog, one of the four breeds of Sennenhund-type dogs from the Swiss Alps.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" is derived from the German \"Senne\" (\"alpine pasture\") and \"Hund\" (\"dog\"), as they accompanied the alpine herders and dairymen called \"Senn\".", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ \"Berner\" (or \"Bernese\" in English) refers to the area of the breed’s origin, in the canton of Bern.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ This mountain dog was originally kept as a general farm dog.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Large Sennenhunde in the past were also used as draft animals, pulling carts.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The breed was officially established in 1907.", "Bernese Mountain Dog __knowledge__ In 1937, the American Kennel Club recognized it; today, the club classifies it as a member of the Working Group.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ The Munchkin is a relatively new breed of cat characterized by its very short legs, which are caused by a genetic mutation.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ Much controversy erupted over the breed when it was recognized by The International Cat Association in 1995 with critics voicing concern over potential health and mobility issues.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ The name \"munchkin\" derives from writer L. Frank Baum's diminutive inhabitants of Munchkin Country, originating in the 1900 novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\".", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ Short-legged cats have been documented a number of times around the world since the 1940s.", "Munchkin cat __knowledge__ A British veterinary report in 1944 noted four generations of healthy short-legged cats which were similar to normal cats except for the length of the legs.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Manxmouse __knowledge__ Manxmouse: The Mouse Who Knew No Fear is a 1968 children's novel by Paul Gallico.", "Manxmouse __knowledge__ The plot is an epic narrative of the adventures of a creature called a Manx Mouse as he meets and interacts with other people, climaxing in a meeting with a Manx cat who characters say is destined to eat him.", "Manxmouse __knowledge__ A ceramicist who lives in the fictional city of Buntingdowndale in England specializes in making ceramic replicas of mice.", "Manxmouse __knowledge__ One night he gets drunk at a party and comes home intending to make the best mouse figurine he has ever made.", "Manxmouse __knowledge__ With his senses impaired, he inadvertently makes a mouse-like figure described as having a \"fat little body like a opossum, hind feet like those of a kangaroo, the front paws of a monkey, and instead of delicate and transparent ears, these were long and much like those of a rabbit.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Meyers Manx __knowledge__ The Meyers Manx dune buggy is a small recreationally-oriented automobile, designed initially for desert racing by Californian engineer, artist, boat builder and surfer Bruce F. Meyers.", "Meyers Manx __knowledge__ It was produced by his Fountain Valley, California company, B. F. Meyers & Co. from 1964 to 1971, in the form of car kits applied to shortened chassis of Volkswagen Beetles.", "Meyers Manx __knowledge__ The car line dominated dune racing in its time, breaking records immediately, and was eventually also released in street-oriented models, until the company's demise due to tax problems after Meyers's departure.", "Meyers Manx __knowledge__ New vehicles inspired by the original Manx buggy have been produced by Meyers's re-founded operation, Meyers Manx, Inc., since 2000.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats, like all living organisms, occasionally have mutations that affect their body type.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Sometimes, these cat body-type mutations are striking enough that humans select for and perpetuate them.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ This is not always in the best interests of the cat, as many of these mutations are harmful; some are even lethal in their homozygous form.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ This page gives a selection of cat body type mutant alleles and the associated mutations with a brief description.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Jb = Japanese bobtail gene (autosomal dominant).", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats homozygous and heterozygous for this gene display shortened and kinked tails.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats homozygous for the gene tend to have shorter more kinked tails.", "Cabbit __knowledge__ A cabbit is a fictional hybrid between a cat and a rabbit.", "Cabbit __knowledge__ They have appeared in fiction and fantasy stories including Japanese anime and manga, and have also been dubiously purported to have been observed in the wild.", "Cabbit __knowledge__ Most if not all observations are attributable to either misidentified Manx cats or outright hoaxes.", "Cabbit __knowledge__ A cat-rabbit hybrid creature was first incorrectly documented by Joseph Train of Castle Douglas, Galloway, Scotland, in his \"An Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man\", where he opined that the local Manx cat was such a hybrid: \"My observations on the structure and habits of the specimen in my possession, leave little doubt on my mind of its being a \"mule\", or cross between the female cat and the buck rabbit.\"" ] ]

[ 2, 72, 4, 17 ]

[ "Hello! I have two cats, do you have any pets?", "My cats are 3 and 4 years old, so not kittens and not old. They are my fur babies and I talk to them a lot.", "A munchkin cat? Are they small? I've heard of a manx cat, I think those are huge and fluffy. ", "Yes! The dog from the Swiss Alps that can keep you warm in all that snow. A puppy though? They take a lot of training." ]

[ "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat" ]

[ "Pancake", "i love french toast. the syrup .. the butter.. yum yum yum", "is that where they were invented?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The Cat Who... is a series of twenty-nine mystery novels and three related collections by Lilian Jackson Braun and published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, featuring a reporter named Jim Qwilleran and his Siamese cats, Kao K'o-Kung (Koko for short) and Yum Yum.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The first was written in 1966, with two more following in 1967 and 1968.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The fourth appeared eighteen years later, after which at least one new novel was published every year until 2007.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ A thirtieth novel, originally announced for 2008, was postponed indefinitely by its publisher and then canceled after the author's death in 2011.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ It remains unpublished.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures __knowledge__ Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures is a 3D platform game based on the Cartoon Network animated television series \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\".", "Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures __knowledge__ It was developed by Artificial Mind and Movement and Cartoon Network Interactive, published by Midway Games and released on November 3, 2005, for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and Microsoft Windows.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures __knowledge__ Midway announced the game on February 15, 2005.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures __knowledge__ Ed, Edd, and Eddy are playable characters in the game.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures __knowledge__ Players can use them in special tag team formations like the \"(Leaning-)Tower-of-Eddy\" (as Eddy), \"Trampol-Edd\" (as Edd), and \"Batter(ing)-Ed\" (as Ed) to complete eight levels, referred to as scams.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ The Yum Yum Children are a Christian band originally from Oregon, now located in northern Idaho.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ Their music is similar to that of They Might Be Giants or 1970s style art rock.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ Prior to his involvement with the Yum Yum Children, Leon was in a \"psychedelic-thrash-garage\" / hardcore band called The Clergy, fronted by female vocalist, Christi Simonatti, and completed by Jim Swanson.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ They released only one album, \"RUAMI\", in 1993 on Broken Records.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ \"RUAMI\" was recorded live in the studio and featured an overall sound similar to that of X or early Concrete Blonde.", "Yum Yum Children __knowledge__ One reviewer stated that their style \"switches gears faster than a Lamborghini\" and that the band displayed an excellent songwriting sensibility.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ Vanessa Cantave (born October 7, 1977) is an American chef.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ She is the co-founder and executive chef of the catering company Yum Yum Catering and Events in DUMBO, Brooklyn.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ Vanessa Cantave was born in Washington, D.C., in 1977.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ She is of Haitian descent.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ Her father served in the United States Army, which resulted in Cantave's moving around a lot as a child.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ She lived in Mons, Belgium, until the age of six.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ Her family then returned to the U.S. and lived in various places including Arizona, suburban Chicago, and northern Virginia.", "Vanessa Cantave __knowledge__ Cantave graduated from James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, in 1999.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "Swervedriver __knowledge__ Swervedriver are an English alternative rock band formed in Oxford in 1989 around core members Adam Franklin and Jimmy Hartridge.", "Swervedriver __knowledge__ Between 1989 and 1998, the band released four studio albums and numerous EPs and singles despite a considerable flux of members, managers, and record labels.", "Swervedriver __knowledge__ By 1993 the band’s lineup had settled with Franklin on vocals/guitar, Hartridge on guitar, Jez Hindmarsh on drums, and Steve George on bass.", "Swervedriver __knowledge__ They had emerged with a heavier rock sound than their shoegaze contemporaries, and over the next five years it evolved to include elements of psychedelia, classic pop, and indie rock.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Crêpe __knowledge__ A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a type of very thin pastry, usually made from wheat flour (\"crêpes de froment\") or buckwheat flour (galettes).", "Crêpe __knowledge__ Crêpes belong to the general category of ancient Greek Tiganitai, from Greek tiganos (τίγανος), meaning \"frying pan\", which in English is literally translated to Pancakes [Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, XIV, 645c; Galen, On the Properties of Foods, I, 3].", "Crêpe __knowledge__ The French term, crêpe, derives from the Latin \"crispa\", meaning tiganitai with \"creases\".", "Crêpe __knowledge__ While crêpes are often associated with Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France, Belgium, Canada, and many parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Southern Cone of South America.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Four grain types dominated in the Nordic countries: barley and rye are the oldest; wheat and oats are more recent.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ During the Iron Age (500 AD – 1050 AD), rye became the most commonly used grain, followed by barley and oats.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Rye was also the most commonly used grain for bread up until the beginning of the 20th century.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Today, older grain types such as emmer and spelt are once again being cultivated and new bread types are being developed from these grains.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Archaeological finds in Denmark indicate use of the two triticum (wheat) species, emmer and einkorn, during the Mesolithic Period (8900 BC – 3900 BC)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the era of the Cold War, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ This is the history of science and technology in Japan.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The soroban is an abacus calculator developed in medieval Japan.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ It is derived from the ancient Chinese suanpan, imported to Japan in the 14th century.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ Karakuri puppets are traditional Japanese mechanized puppets or automata, originally made from the 17th century to the 19th century.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The word \"karakuri\" means \"mechanisms\" or \"trick\".", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The dolls' gestures provided a form of entertainment.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ Three main types of karakuri exist.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were used in theatre.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were small and used in homes.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were used in religious festivals, where the puppets were used to perform reenactments of traditional myths and legends.", "Radio receiver __knowledge__ In radio communications, a radio receiver (radio) is an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form.", "Radio receiver __knowledge__ It is used with an antenna.", "Radio receiver __knowledge__ The antenna intercepts radio waves (electromagnetic waves) and converts them to tiny alternating currents which are applied to the receiver, and the receiver extracts the desired information.", "Radio receiver __knowledge__ The receiver uses electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from all the other signals picked up by the antenna, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through demodulation.", "Invention in Canada __knowledge__ This article outlines the history of Canadian technological invention.", "Invention in Canada __knowledge__ Technologies chosen for treatment here include, in rough order, transportation, communication, energy, materials, industry, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defence technologies.", "Invention in Canada __knowledge__ The terms chosen for the \"age\" described below are both literal and metaphorical.", "Invention in Canada __knowledge__ They describe the technology that dominated the period of time in question but are also representative of a large number of other technologies introduced during the same period.", "Invention in Canada __knowledge__ Also of note is the fact that the period of invention of a technology can begin modestly and can extend well beyond the \"age\" of its introduction.", "Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film is known for its long, troubled history.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Due to independent funding and complex animation, \"The Thief and the Cobbler\" was in and out of production for over three decades.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ It was finally placed into full production in 1988 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Negotiations broke down when production went over budget and behind schedule.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Warner Bros. pulled out and a completion bond company assumed control of the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film was re-edited and re-structured by producer Fred Calvert without Williams' involvement, and released in Australia and South Africa as The Princess and the Cobbler in 1993; two years later, Miramax Films, at the time a subsidiary of Disney, released an even more heavily edited version of the film in North America under the title Arabian Knight.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is a libre and open-source command-line package-management utility for computers running the GNU/Linux operating system using the RPM Package Manager.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Though YUM has a command-line interface, several other tools provide graphical user interfaces to YUM functionality.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ YUM allows automatic updates, package and dependency management, on RPM-based distributions.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Like the Advanced Package Tool (APT) from Debian, YUM works with software repositories (collections of packages), which can be accessed locally or over a network connection.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Under the hood, YUM depends on RPM, which is a packaging standard for digital distribution of software, which automatically uses hashes and digisigs to verify the authorship and integrity of said software; unlike some app stores, which serve a similar function, neither YUM nor RPM provide built-in support for proprietary restrictions on copying of packages by endusers.", "Pancake graph __knowledge__ In the mathematical field of graph theory, the pancake graph \"P\" or \"n\"-pancake graph is a graph whose vertices are the permutations of \"n\" symbols from 1 to \"n\" and its edges are given between permutations transitive by prefix reversals.", "Pancake graph __knowledge__ Pancake sorting is the colloquial term for the mathematical problem of sorting a disordered stack of pancakes in order of size when a spatula can be inserted at any point in the stack and used to flip all pancakes above it.", "Pancake graph __knowledge__ A \"pancake number\" is the minimum number of flips required for a given number of pancakes.", "Pancake graph __knowledge__ Obtaining the pancake number is equivalent to the problem of obtaining the diameter of the pancake graph." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 6 ]

[ "My favorite breakfast is pancakes. I love the flat, thin, and often round shape. What about you?", "Yum! There is also a great variation of the pancake called the palačinke in southeast Europe.", "No i'm not sure, but the pancake shape and structure varies worldwide." ]

[ "Pancake", "Pancake", "Pancake" ]

[ "History of vegetarianism\nI have always been interested in vegetarianism. Are you a vegetarian.", "That's interesting. I wonder if it started for religious reasons or was just a cultural trend?", "Awesome. I thinks a lot of vegetarians must be against violence to animals when they make that kind of choice.", "2 of my family members have Alph-gal. It's an allergy to mammal meat caused by a tick bite. So I can definitely understand doing it for health reasons.", "Yes, I would be worried about getting the right amount of nutrients. I'm sure they really have to monitor what types of food they are eating." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Buddhist vegetarianism is the belief that following a vegetarian diet is implied in the Buddha's teaching.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, however, the views on vegetarianism vary between different schools of thought.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ According to Theravada, the Buddha allowed his monks to eat pork, chicken and fish if the monk was aware that the animal was not killed on their behalf.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ The Mahayana schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet; according to some sutras the Buddha himself insisted that his followers should not eat the flesh of any sentient being.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Monks of the Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma Net Sutra are forbidden by their vows from eating flesh of any kind.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ Neo-Zionism is a right-wing, nationalistic and religious ideology that appeared in Israel following the Six-Day War in 1967 and the capture of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ Neo-Zionists consider these lands part of Israel and advocate their settlement by Israeli Jews.", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ Some advocate the transfer of Arabs not only from these areas, but also from within the Green Line.", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ The term \"Post-Zionism\" entered Israeli discourse following the publishing of a book by Uri Ram in 1993.", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ In the same volume Gershom Shafir contrasted Post-Zionism with what he termed Neo-Zionism.", "Neo-Zionism __knowledge__ In a widely cited 1996 essay sociologist Uri Ram used the term Neo-Zionism to describe a political and religious ideology that developed in Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War.", "Philosophy of environment __knowledge__ The philosophy of environment is a trend of free thought located between philosophy, epistemology and anthropology.", "Philosophy of environment __knowledge__ It combines various schools of philosophy such as humanist ecology, philosophy of evolution and environmental humanism.", "Philosophy of environment __knowledge__ It is also meant to be a cultural trend having an influence in society.", "Philosophy of environment __knowledge__ The philosophical current indicated under the name philosophy of evolution has been developed since the 1970s by Humanist Ecology (also called Environmental or Evolutive Humanism) and by the neo-darwinian school.", "Philosophy of environment __knowledge__ Its purpose is the long-term evolution of the complex living being in its universal environment, analysed through its Human cultural expression.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Persecution of Muslims is the religious persecution inflicted upon followers of Islamic faith.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ This page lists incidents in both medieval and modern history in which Muslim populations have been targeted by non-Muslim groups.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ In the early days of Islam at Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution by the pagan Meccans (often called \"Mushrikin\": the unbelievers or polytheists).", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Some were killed, such as Sumayyah bint Khabbab, the seventh convert to Islam, who was allegedly tortured first by Amr ibn Hishām.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Even the Islamic Prophet Muhammad was subjected to such abuse; while he was praying near the Kaaba, Aqaba Bin Muiitt threw the entrails of a sacrificed camel over him.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ William de Roos, sixth Baron Roos, was a medieval English soldier, politician and nobleman.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ William Roos was born etc.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ (GEC?)", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ to Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ The de Roos family has been described as one of the greatest fourteenth-century baronial families never to be promoted to an earldom; William, in fact, was not even expected to succeed to his father's baronage.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ That went to William's elder brother, John.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ They both had two younger brothers, Robert and Thomas, \"of whom\" says Charles Ross, \"nothing is known.\"", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ John's death was earlier than would have been expected.", "William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros __knowledge__ In 1393 he was \"en route\" to the east, when he died at Paphos, Cyprus; William was in his early twenties at the time.", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ Paul Roos (born 27 June 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer and senior coach in the Australian Football League (AFL).", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ Roos represented and during the 1980s and 1990s.", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ Roos was the senior coach of the Sydney Swans and Melbourne Football Club from 2002 to 2010 and 2013 to 2016 respectively.", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ A versatile key position player, Roos was a strong mark who was excellent at ground level, and in his prime was rated the best footballer in Australia.", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ He was one of Fitzroy's finest players in its final years, and was named at centre half back in Fitzroy's Team of the Century.", "Paul Roos (Australian rules footballer) __knowledge__ In his 17 seasons of League football, he was only reported once, for abusive language, and was found not guilty.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ In an ancient context, recognized great powers came about first in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ A great power is a nation or state that, through its great economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence over not only its own region of the world, but beyond to others.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The historical terms \"Great Nation\", a distinguished aggregate of people inhabiting a particular country or territory, and \"Great Empire\", a considerable group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, are colloquial; their use is seen in ordinary historical conversations (historical jargon).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ Daṇḍa () is the Hindu equivalent of punishment.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ In ancient India, punishments were generally sanctioned by the ruler, but other legal officials could also play a part.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ The punishments that were handed out were in response to criminal activity.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ In the Hindu law tradition, there is a counterpart to daṇḍa which is prāyaścitta, or atonement.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ Where as daṇḍa is sanctioned primarily by the king, prāyaścitta is taken up by a person upon his or her own volition.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ Furthermore, daṇḍa provides a way for an offender to right any violations of dharma that he or she may have committed.", "Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) __knowledge__ In essence, daṇḍa functions as the ruler's tool to protect the system of life stages and castes.", "Paul Roos (rugby player) __knowledge__ Paul Johannes Roos (30 October 1880 – 22 September 1948) (also known as \"Oom Polla\" – Afrikaans for \"Uncle Polla\") was one of the first South African Springbok rugby union captains and led the first South African rugby team to tour overseas – to Britain in 1906.", "Paul Roos (rugby player) __knowledge__ Roos was born near the South African town of Stellenbosch on 30 October 1880 and completed his education there.", "Paul Roos (rugby player) __knowledge__ Roos was a popular rugby player and was chosen by his own teammates to captain the 1906 tour.", "Paul Roos (rugby player) __knowledge__ Throughout the tour he was articulate and gracious in victory and defeat, and saw the campaign as an attempt to improve the relationship between his fellow countrymen and the British after the events of the Second Boer War.", "John Roos __knowledge__ John Victor Roos (born February 14, 1955) is a former United States Ambassador to Japan and is the Founding Partner, Geodesic Capital.", "John Roos __knowledge__ Before accepting the ambassadorship from President Barack Obama, Roos was the CEO of Silicon Valley-based law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati.", "John Roos __knowledge__ Roos was hired by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati in 1985, having previously worked for O’Melveny & Myers in the early 1980s.", "John Roos __knowledge__ The company caught the tech startup wave and over the next 25 years became the premier legal firm in the Valley, growing from 50 employees to more than 1,500 worldwide.", "John Roos __knowledge__ Roos helped the firm to represent young companies such as Google, Hewlett Packard, and Pixar." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ Vegetarian nutrition is the set of health-related challenges and advantages of vegetarian diets.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ If well-planned and fortified to balance their deficiencies, vegetarian and vegan diets can become nutritionally adequate and can be appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ When fortified, a vegetarian diet can provide adequate protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B, and calcium intake.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ However, in non fortified vegetarian diets, and when not enough calories are consumed, these nutrients can be dangerously low and may compromise children's health and development.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ The status of religious freedom around the world varies from country to country.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ Over 120 national constitutions mention equality regardless of religion.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ Freedom of religion in Algeria is regulated by the Algerian Constitution, which declares Islam to be the state religion (Article 2) but also declares that \"freedom of creed and opinion is inviolable\" (Article 36); it prohibits discrimination, Article 29 states \"All citizens are equal before the law.", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ No discrimination shall prevail because of birth, race, sex, opinion or any other personal or social condition or circumstance\".", "Freedom of religion by country __knowledge__ In practice, the government generally respects this, with some limited exceptions.", "Cow protection movement __knowledge__ The cow protection movement has been a religious and political movement aiming to protect the cows, whose slaughter has been broadly opposed by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.", "Cow protection movement __knowledge__ While the opposition to slaughter of animals, including cows, has extensive and ancient roots in Indian history, the term refers to modern movements dating back to the colonial era British India.", "Cow protection movement __knowledge__ The earliest such activism is traceable to Sikhs of Punjab who opposed cow slaughter in the 1860s.", "Cow protection movement __knowledge__ The movement became popular in the 1880s and thereafter, attracting the support from the Arya Samaj founder Swami Dayananda Saraswati in the late 19th century, and from Mahatma Gandhi in the early 20th century.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Due to the multiple benefits from cattle, there are varying beliefs about cattle in societies and religions.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ In some regions, especially Nepal and most states of India, the slaughter of cattle is prohibited and their meat may be taboo.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Cattle are considered sacred in world religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and others.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Religions in ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Israel, ancient Rome, and ancient Germany held similar beliefs.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Majority of scholars explain the veneration for cattle among Hindus in economic terms, which includes the importance of dairy in the diet, use of cow dung as fuel and fertilizer, and the importance that cattle have historically played in agriculture.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word \"jina\" (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviors and teachers known as Tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who is believed to have lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahavira around 500 BCE.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal \"dharma\" with the Tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Persecution of Muslims is the religious persecution inflicted upon followers of Islamic faith.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ This page lists incidents in both medieval and modern history in which Muslim populations have been targeted by non-Muslim groups.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ In the early days of Islam at Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution by the pagan Meccans (often called \"Mushrikin\": the unbelievers or polytheists).", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Some were killed, such as Sumayyah bint Khabbab, the seventh convert to Islam, who was allegedly tortured first by Amr ibn Hishām.", "Persecution of Muslims __knowledge__ Even the Islamic Prophet Muhammad was subjected to such abuse; while he was praying near the Kaaba, Aqaba Bin Muiitt threw the entrails of a sacrificed camel over him." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ Ixodes holocyclus, commonly known as the Australian paralysis tick, is one of about 75 species of Australian tick fauna and is considered the most medically important.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ It can cause paralysis by injecting neurotoxins into its host.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ It is usually found in a 20-kilometre wide band following the eastern coastline of Australia.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ Within this range \"Ixodes holocyclus\" is the tick most frequently encountered by humans and their pets.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ As this area also contains the majority of Australia's most densely populated regions, incidents of bites on people, pets and livestock are relatively common.", "Ixodes holocyclus __knowledge__ Paralysis ticks are found in many types of habitat particularly areas of high rainfall such as wet sclerophyll forest and temperate rainforest.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the \"Borrelia\" type which is spread by ticks.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ The most common sign of infection is an expanding area of redness on the skin, known as erythema migrans, that begins at the site of a tick bite about a week after it has occurred.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ Approximately 25–50% of infected people do not develop a rash.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ Other early symptoms may include fever, headache and feeling tired.", "Lyme disease __knowledge__ If untreated, symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face, joint pains, severe headaches with neck stiffness, or heart palpitations, among others.", "Alpha-gal allergy __knowledge__ Alpha-gal allergy, also known as meat allergy or Mammalian Meat Allergy (MMA), is a reaction to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), whereby the body is overloaded with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies on contact with the carbohydrate.", "Alpha-gal allergy __knowledge__ The alpha-gal molecule is found in all mammals apart from Old World monkeys and the apes, which include humans.", "Alpha-gal allergy __knowledge__ Anti-Gal is a human natural antibody which interacts specifically with the mammalian carbohydrate structure Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R, termed, the alpha-galactosyl epitope.", "Alpha-gal allergy __knowledge__ Whereas anti-Gal is abundant in humans, apes and Old World monkeys, it is absent from New World monkeys, prosimians and nonprimate mammals.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ African tick bite fever (ATBF) is a bacterial infection spread by the bite of a tick.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscles pains, and a rash.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ At the site of the bite there is typically a red skin sore with a dark center.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ Onset usually occur 4–10 days after the bite.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ Complications are rare, however may include joint inflammation.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ Some people do not develop symptoms.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ The disease is caused by the bacterium \"Rickettsia africae\".", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ The bacterium is spread by ticks of the \"Amblyomma\" type.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ These generally live in tall grass or bush rather than in cities.", "African tick bite fever __knowledge__ The diagnosis is typically based on symptoms.", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), also known as blue disease, is the most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States.", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ It has been diagnosed throughout the Americas.", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ Some synonyms for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in other countries include “tick typhus,” “Tobia fever” (Colombia), “São Paulo fever” or “\"febre maculosa\"” (Brazil), and “\"fiebre manchada\"” (Mexico).", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ It is distinct from the viral tick-borne infection, Colorado tick fever.", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ The disease is caused by \"Rickettsia rickettsii\", a species of bacterium that is spread to humans by \"Dermacentor\" ticks.", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever __knowledge__ Initial signs and symptoms of the disease include sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle pain, followed by development of rash.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Symptoms may include fever, muscle pains, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding into the skin.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Onset of symptoms is less than two weeks following exposure.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Complications may include liver failure.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ In those who survive, recovery generally occurs around two weeks after onset.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ The CCHF virus is typically spread by tick bites or contact with livestock carrying the disease.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Those affected are often farmers or work in slaughterhouses.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ The virus can also spread between people via body fluids.", "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever __knowledge__ Diagnosis is by detecting antibodies, the virus's RNA, or the virus itself.", "Erythema chronicum migrans __knowledge__ Erythema chronicum migrans (New Latin, literally, \"chronic migrating redness\") refers to a rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease, and can also (but less commonly) be caused by southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI).", "Erythema chronicum migrans __knowledge__ It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite.", "Erythema chronicum migrans __knowledge__ This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite, but rather an actual skin infection of one of the Lyme bacteria species from the genus \"Borrelia\".", "Erythema chronicum migrans __knowledge__ \"Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation.\"", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ The European Parliament election of 2009 in Slovakia was the election of the delegation from Slovakia to the European Parliament in 2009.", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ The turnout, although increased compared to the previous election, was 19.63%, the lowest of any nation involved in the election.", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ The system of dividing seats to the different lists is somewhat different in Slovakia, compared to some other countries.", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ Firstly the election authorities count the total number of valid votes for parties who have gained more than 5% of the total.", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ In this case there were 709004 such votes (85.75% of the total).", "European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia) __knowledge__ This number is divided by 14 (13 seats plus one) to create the RVC (republic election number) or quota, in this case 50643 (6.13% of all valid votes cast).", "Yulia Tymoshenko __knowledge__ Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (, , née Hrihyan, Грігян, born 27 November 1960) is a Ukrainian politician.", "Yulia Tymoshenko __knowledge__ She co-led the Orange Revolution and was the first woman appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine, serving from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010.", "Yulia Tymoshenko __knowledge__ Tymoshenko is the leader of the All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\" political party that has 19 seats in parliament and has Tymoshenko as its parliamentary faction leader.", "Yulia Tymoshenko __knowledge__ In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party received the second most votes, winning 101 of parliament's 450 seats.", "Yulia Tymoshenko __knowledge__ In the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election Tymoshenko received 12.81% of the vote, coming in second place after Petro Poroshenko who won the election with 54.7%.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The economics of happiness or happiness economics is the quantitative and theoretical study of happiness, positive and negative affect, well-being, quality of life, life satisfaction and related concepts, typically combining economics with other fields such as psychology, health and sociology.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ It typically treats such happiness-related measures, rather than wealth, income or profit, as something to be maximized.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The field has grown substantially since the late 20th century, for example by the development of methods, surveys and indices to measure happiness and related concepts.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ Its findings have been described as a challenge to the economics profession.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality sometimes refers to income inequality, wealth inequality, or the wealth gap.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economists generally focus on economic disparity in three metrics: wealth, income, and consumption.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ The issue of economic inequality is relevant to notions of equity, equality of outcome, and equality of opportunity.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ Economic inequality varies between societies, historical periods, economic structures and systems.", "Economic inequality __knowledge__ The term can refer to cross-sectional distribution of income or wealth at any particular period, or to changes of income and wealth over longer periods of time.", "Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010 __knowledge__ Since May 2010, a series of criminal cases have been opened against Ukrainian politician and former Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko.", "Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010 __knowledge__ Tymoshenko is one of Ukraine's most important politicians.", "Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010 __knowledge__ After Tymoshenko was released from prison on February 22, 2014, in the concluding days of the Euromaidan revolution, following a revision of the Ukrainian criminal code that effectively decriminalized the actions for which she was imprisoned, she was cleared of all charges.", "Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010 __knowledge__ She was officially rehabilitated on February 28, 2014.", "Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010 __knowledge__ Just after Euromaidan revolution, the Ukrainian Supreme Court closed the case and found that \"no crime was committed\".", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Not enough nutrients is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition is often used to specifically refer to undernutrition where an individual is not getting enough calories, protein, or micronutrients.", "Malnutrition __knowledge__ If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 13, 70, 30 ]

[ "I am not, but it does have it's roos in ancient India and Greece, so it's been around awhile.", "I think both in Greece and India it was connected to the idea of non-violence towards animals and then was promoted by religious groups and philosphers.", "There are other motivations for it also, such as health-related, political, economic, and just personal preference.", "I've never heard of that - I guess there are so many variations of the diet also that it works for many people, such as eggs or no eggs, or no dairy, or even only fish.", "And if they allow very young children to eat that way - if they miss vital nutrients before two years of age, it can result in permanent problems." ]

[ "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism" ]

[ "Eclipse\nI was in a city that was in the center of the path of the eclipse last year. Did you happen to see the eclipse?", "Yeah, the moon moves in front of the sun! It can go the other way, Earth moves between the sun and moon, but it's less impressive.", "Not super often. Something like every few years there's a good one, but a total eclipse is a lot more rare.", "I think the closest I got when I was a kid was a lunar eclipse. I remember my dad (who is an astronomer) waking me up at like 4 AM to see it happen." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ Apart from syzygy, the term eclipse is also used when a spacecraft reaches a position where it can observe two celestial bodies so aligned.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is the result of either an occultation (completely hidden) or a transit (partially hidden).", "Eclipse __knowledge__ The term eclipse is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ However, it can also refer to such events beyond the Earth–Moon system: for example, a planet moving into the shadow cast by one of its moons, a moon passing into the shadow cast by its host planet, or a moon passing into the shadow of another moon.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ A binary star system can also produce eclipses if the plane of the orbit of its constituent stars intersects the observer's position.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ For the special cases of solar and lunar eclipses, these only happen during an \"eclipse season\", the two times of each year when the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun crosses with the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"The Great American Eclipse\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ A solar eclipse (as seen from the planet Earth) is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and when the Moon fully or partially blocks (\"occults\") the Sun.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ This can happen only at new moon when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth in an alignment referred to as syzygy.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ If the Moon were in a perfectly circular orbit, a little closer to the Earth, and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every new moon.", "History of Eclipse Aviation __knowledge__ The history of Eclipse Aviation is the story of the largest financial failure in the history of general aviation, one that experts have predicted will have a lasting impact on the aerospace industry.", "History of Eclipse Aviation __knowledge__ The Eclipse story runs from the company's start up in 1998, through the design and production of 260 examples of the Eclipse 500 very light jet, development of the Eclipse 400 single-engined jet, to the company's downfall and dissolution in bankruptcy in 2009.", "History of Eclipse Aviation __knowledge__ Aviation analysts are still tallying the impact that the company will have on 21st Century aviation.", "History of Eclipse Aviation __knowledge__ J. Mac McClellan, Editor in Chief of Flying Magazine, in February 2009 summarized the significance of Eclipse: Richard Aboulafia, Vice President, Analysis, Teal Group in his consultant's report on Eclipse of October 2008 said: AVweb Editor-in-Chief Russ Niles stated: The failure of Eclipse has even changed the language of aviation.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The Saros () is a period of approximately 223 synodic months (approximately 6585.3211 days, or 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours), that can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and Moon.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ One saros period after an eclipse, the Sun, Earth, and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry, a near straight line, and a nearly identical eclipse will occur, in what is referred to as an eclipse cycle.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A sar is one half of a saros.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A series of eclipses that are separated by one saros is called a saros series.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The earliest discovered historical record of what is known as the saros is by Chaldean (neo-Babylonian) astronomers in the last several centuries BC.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ The Mitsubishi Eclipse is a sport compact car that was produced by Mitsubishi between 1989 and 2011.", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ A convertible body style was added during the 1996 model year.", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ The Eclipse was named after an unbeaten 18th-century English racehorse which won 26 races.", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ It was also named after the astronomical event of the same name (as hinted in television commercials in Japan).", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ It has also been rebadged and sold as the Eagle Talon and the Plymouth Laser captive imports through Mitsubishi Motors' close relationship with the Chrysler Corporation.", "Mitsubishi Eclipse __knowledge__ Their partnership was known as Diamond-Star Motors, or DSM, and the vehicle trio through the close of the second-generation line is sometimes referred to by the moniker \"DSM\" among enthusiast circles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ Apart from syzygy, the term eclipse is also used when a spacecraft reaches a position where it can observe two celestial bodies so aligned.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is the result of either an occultation (completely hidden) or a transit (partially hidden).", "Eclipse __knowledge__ The term eclipse is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ However, it can also refer to such events beyond the Earth–Moon system: for example, a planet moving into the shadow cast by one of its moons, a moon passing into the shadow cast by its host planet, or a moon passing into the shadow of another moon.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ A binary star system can also produce eclipses if the plane of the orbit of its constituent stars intersects the observer's position.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ For the special cases of solar and lunar eclipses, these only happen during an \"eclipse season\", the two times of each year when the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun crosses with the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth.", "Orbit of the Moon __knowledge__ The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.323 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.530 days (a synodic month).", "Orbit of the Moon __knowledge__ Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycentre (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth).", "Orbit of the Moon __knowledge__ On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii.", "Orbit of the Moon __knowledge__ With a mean orbital velocity of , the Moon covers a distance approximately its diameter, or about half a degree on the celestial sphere, each hour.", "Tide __knowledge__ Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.", "Tide __knowledge__ The times and amplitude of tides at any given locale are influenced by the alignment of the Sun and Moon, by the pattern of tides in the deep ocean, by the amphidromic systems of the oceans, and the shape of the coastline and near-shore bathymetry (see \"Timing\").", "Tide __knowledge__ Some shorelines experience a semi-diurnal tide—two nearly equal high and low tides each day.", "Tide __knowledge__ Other locations experience a diurnal tide—only one high and low tide each day.", "Tide __knowledge__ A \"mixed tide\"—two uneven tides a day, or one high and one low—is also possible.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ In astronomy, an extraterrestrial sky is a view of outer space from the surface of a world other than Earth.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The only extraterrestrial sky that has been directly observed and photographed by astronauts is that of the Moon.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The skies of Titan, Mars, and Venus have been observed by space probes designed to land on the surface and transmit images back to Earth.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ Characteristics of extraterrestrial skies appear to vary substantially due to a number of factors.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ An extraterrestrial atmosphere, if present, has a large bearing on visible characteristics.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The atmosphere's density and chemical composition can contribute to differences in colour, opacity (including haze) and the presence of clouds.", "Lunar month __knowledge__ In lunar calendars, a lunar month is the time between two successive syzygies (new moons or full moons).", "Lunar month __knowledge__ The use of the lunar month varies by which culture has utilized the method, the main difference being when the \"new\" month begins.", "Lunar month __knowledge__ This article deals with the definitions of a 'month' that are mainly of significance in astronomy.", "Lunar month __knowledge__ For other definitions, including a description of a month in the calendars of different cultures around the world, see: month.", "Lunar month __knowledge__ In Shona, Middle-Eastern, and European traditions, the month starts when the young crescent moon becomes first visible at evening after conjunction with the Sun one or two days before that evening (\"e.g.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the universe with Earth at the center.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ The geocentric model served as the predominant description of the cosmos in many ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle and Ptolemy.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ Two observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ First, from the view on Earth, the Sun appears to revolve around Earth once per day.", "Geocentric model __knowledge__ While the Moon and the planets have their own motions, they also appear to revolve around Earth about once per day.", "Parallax __knowledge__ Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines.", "Parallax __knowledge__ The term is derived .", "Parallax __knowledge__ Due to foreshortening, nearby objects show a larger parallax than farther objects when observed from different positions, so parallax can be used to determine distances.", "Parallax __knowledge__ To measure large distances, such as the distance of a planet or a star from Earth, astronomers use the principle of parallax.", "Parallax __knowledge__ Here, the term \"parallax\" is the semi-angle of inclination between two sight-lines to the star, as observed when Earth is on opposite sides of the Sun in its orbit.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ A solar eclipse (as seen from the planet Earth) is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and when the Moon fully or partially blocks (\"occults\") the Sun.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ This can happen only at new moon when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth in an alignment referred to as syzygy.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ If the Moon were in a perfectly circular orbit, a little closer to the Earth, and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every new moon.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"The Great American Eclipse\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Eclipse cycle __knowledge__ Eclipses may occur repeatedly, separated by certain intervals of time: these intervals are called eclipse cycles.", "Eclipse cycle __knowledge__ The series of eclipses separated by a repeat of one of these intervals is called an eclipse series.", "Eclipse cycle __knowledge__ Eclipses may occur when the Earth and the Moon are aligned with the Sun, and the shadow of one body cast by the Sun falls on the other.", "Eclipse cycle __knowledge__ So at new moon, when the Moon is in conjunction with the Sun, the Moon may pass in front of the Sun as seen from a narrow region on the surface of the Earth and cause a solar eclipse.", "Eclipse cycle __knowledge__ At full moon, when the Moon is in opposition to the Sun, the Moon may pass through the shadow of the Earth, and a lunar eclipse is visible from the night half of the Earth.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus of Nicaea' (; , \"Hipparkhos\";  ) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now İznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 .", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive.", "Allais effect __knowledge__ The Allais effect refers to the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums or gravimeters, which is sometimes purportedly observed during a solar eclipse.", "Allais effect __knowledge__ The effect was first reported as an anomalous precession of the plane of oscillation of a Foucault pendulum during the solar eclipse of June 30, 1954 by Maurice Allais, a French polymath who went on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.", "Allais effect __knowledge__ He reported another observation of the effect during the solar eclipse of October 2, 1959 using the paraconical pendulum he invented.", "Allais effect __knowledge__ This study earned him the 1959 Galabert Prize of the French Astronautical Society and made him a laureate of the US Gravity Research Foundation for his 1959 memoir on gravity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ Apart from syzygy, the term eclipse is also used when a spacecraft reaches a position where it can observe two celestial bodies so aligned.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is the result of either an occultation (completely hidden) or a transit (partially hidden).", "Eclipse __knowledge__ The term eclipse is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ However, it can also refer to such events beyond the Earth–Moon system: for example, a planet moving into the shadow cast by one of its moons, a moon passing into the shadow cast by its host planet, or a moon passing into the shadow of another moon.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ A binary star system can also produce eclipses if the plane of the orbit of its constituent stars intersects the observer's position.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ For the special cases of solar and lunar eclipses, these only happen during an \"eclipse season\", the two times of each year when the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun crosses with the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ A solar eclipse (as seen from the planet Earth) is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and when the Moon fully or partially blocks (\"occults\") the Sun.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ This can happen only at new moon when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth in an alignment referred to as syzygy.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ If the Moon were in a perfectly circular orbit, a little closer to the Earth, and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every new moon.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"The Great American Eclipse\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" is the 13th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the series' 102nd episode overall.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" was originally aired on February 6, 2014, on The CW.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and Holly Brix and directed by Darren Genet.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ The episode starts with Katherine (Nina Dobrev) writing on her diary of how great her life is now with everyone thinking that she is Elena (Nina Dobrev) and she thinks of how to win Stefan (Paul Wesley) back.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart (The Vampire Diaries) __knowledge__ Caroline (Candice Accola), Bonnie (Kat Graham) and \"Elena\" are back to college and Caroline wants them to celebrate single life by going to the Bitter Ball.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins; 8 June 1951) is a Welsh singer, known for her distinctive husky voice.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album \"The World Starts Tonight\" and its singles \"Lost in France\" and \"More Than a Lover\".", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Her 1978 single \"It's a Heartache\" reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, and number three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ In the 1980s, Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ He wrote Tyler's biggest hit \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\", the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album \"Faster Than the Speed of Night\".", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Jim Steinman, and released on Tyler's fifth studio album, \"Faster Than the Speed of Night\" (1983).", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ The song was released as a single by Columbia Records on 11 February 1983 in the United Kingdom and on 31 May 1983 in the United States.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ The song became Tyler's biggest career hit, topping the UK Singles Chart, and becoming the fifth-best-selling single in 1983 in the United Kingdom.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ In the United States, the single spent four weeks at the top of the charts, and was \"Billboard\"'s number-six song of the year for 1983.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ Both \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" had subsequent versions with the adult content removed that were sold for the PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ In addition, two fandiscs were also released, and , containing alternate scenarios, short stories, computer wallpapers, and audio dramas.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ PlayStation Vita ports for \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" have also been announced by âge.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ \"Muv-Luv\" and its sequel \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" have since been adapted into three manga series by MediaWorks (later ASCII Media Works) and are serialized in the manga magazine \"Dengeki Daioh\".", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ Shueisha published a seven volume novel series based on \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" while Enterbrain published a spin-off novel series, \"Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse\" in its \"Tech Gian\" magazine.", "Solar eclipses on the Moon __knowledge__ Solar eclipses on the Moon are caused when the Earth passes in front of the Sun, blocking its light.", "Solar eclipses on the Moon __knowledge__ Viewers on Earth will see a lunar eclipse.", "Solar eclipses on the Moon __knowledge__ The solar eclipses are only seen in the Nearside portion and smaller parts of the Farside where the Earth is seen during librations, making up the visible portion of the Moon and eclipses there are seen during the lunar sunrise and sunset as well as furthermost areas of the Nearside but mainly not in the polar areas of the Moon.", "Solar eclipses on the Moon __knowledge__ As the Moon revolves around the Earth, the Earth rotates nearly 24 hours, but its position at the sky is only in one position as it never changes as it does with some other moons (or satellites) in other planets or dwarf planets and a few asteroids even inside the solar system but are very rare in the outer part of the solar system.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The Saros () is a period of approximately 223 synodic months (approximately 6585.3211 days, or 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours), that can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and Moon.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ One saros period after an eclipse, the Sun, Earth, and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry, a near straight line, and a nearly identical eclipse will occur, in what is referred to as an eclipse cycle.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A sar is one half of a saros.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A series of eclipses that are separated by one saros is called a saros series.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The earliest discovered historical record of what is known as the saros is by Chaldean (neo-Babylonian) astronomers in the last several centuries BC.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus of Nicaea' (; , \"Hipparkhos\";  ) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now İznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 .", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive.", "Eclipse season __knowledge__ An eclipse season is one of only two periods during a year when eclipses can occur, due to the orbital inclination of the Moon.", "Eclipse season __knowledge__ Each season lasts for approximately 34 days and repeats just short of six months, thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year.", "Eclipse season __knowledge__ Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season.", "Eclipse season __knowledge__ During the eclipse season, the inclination of the Moon's orbit is low, hence the Sun, Moon, and Earth become aligned straight enough (in syzygy) for an eclipse to occur.", "Eclipse season __knowledge__ During each season, the type of solar eclipse (whether total or annular, as seen from the sublunar point) depends on the apparent sizes of the Sun and Moon, which is a function of the elliptical distance of Earth from the Sun and of the Moon from Earth, respectively, as seen from Earth's surface.", "Moon __knowledge__ The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth, being Earth's only permanent natural satellite.", "Moon __knowledge__ It is the fifth-largest natural satellite in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary).", "Moon __knowledge__ Following Jupiter's satellite Io, the Moon is the second-densest satellite among those whose densities are known.", "Moon __knowledge__ The Moon is thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth.", "Moon __knowledge__ The most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized body called Theia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ Apart from syzygy, the term eclipse is also used when a spacecraft reaches a position where it can observe two celestial bodies so aligned.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ An eclipse is the result of either an occultation (completely hidden) or a transit (partially hidden).", "Eclipse __knowledge__ The term eclipse is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ However, it can also refer to such events beyond the Earth–Moon system: for example, a planet moving into the shadow cast by one of its moons, a moon passing into the shadow cast by its host planet, or a moon passing into the shadow of another moon.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ A binary star system can also produce eclipses if the plane of the orbit of its constituent stars intersects the observer's position.", "Eclipse __knowledge__ For the special cases of solar and lunar eclipses, these only happen during an \"eclipse season\", the two times of each year when the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun crosses with the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its umbra (shadow).", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ This can occur only when the sun, Earth and moon are aligned (in \"syzygy\") exactly or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Hence, a lunar eclipse can occur only the night of a full moon.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ The type and length of an eclipse depend upon the Moon's location relative to its orbital nodes.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ A total lunar eclipse has the direct sunlight completely blocked by the earth's shadow.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ The only light seen is refracted through the earth's shadow.", "Lunar eclipse __knowledge__ This light looks red for the same reason that the sunset looks red, due to Rayleigh scattering of the more blue light.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus of Nicaea' (; , \"Hipparkhos\";  ) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now İznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 .", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity.", "Hipparchus __knowledge__ He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The Saros () is a period of approximately 223 synodic months (approximately 6585.3211 days, or 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours), that can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and Moon.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ One saros period after an eclipse, the Sun, Earth, and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry, a near straight line, and a nearly identical eclipse will occur, in what is referred to as an eclipse cycle.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A sar is one half of a saros.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ A series of eclipses that are separated by one saros is called a saros series.", "Saros (astronomy) __knowledge__ The earliest discovered historical record of what is known as the saros is by Chaldean (neo-Babylonian) astronomers in the last several centuries BC.", "Chronology of Jesus __knowledge__ A chronology of Jesus aims to establish a timeline for the historical events of the life of Jesus.", "Chronology of Jesus __knowledge__ Scholars have correlated Jewish and Greco-Roman documents and astronomical calendars with the New Testament accounts to estimate dates for the major events in Jesus's life.", "Chronology of Jesus __knowledge__ Two approaches have been used to estimate the year of the birth of Jesus: one based on the accounts in the Gospels of his birth with reference to King Herod's reign, and the other by working backwards from his stated age of \"about 30 years\" when he began preaching.", "Chronology of Jesus __knowledge__ Most scholars, on this basis, assume a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC with Saturday 17 April 6 BC / 17.4.748 AUC / 29 Nisan 3755 HC being the most likely candidate.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ A total lunar eclipse took place on April 15, 2014.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ It was the first of two total lunar eclipses in 2014, and the first in a tetrad (four total lunar eclipses in a series).", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Subsequent eclipses in the tetrad are those of October 8, 2014, April 4, 2015, and September 28, 2015.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ The eclipse was visible in the Americas and the Pacific Ocean region, including Australia and New Zealand.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ During the 5 hour, 44 minute-long eclipse, the Moon passed south of the center of the Earth's shadow.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ As a result, the northern part of the Moon was noticeably darker than the southern part.", "April 2014 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Totality lasted for 1 hour 18 minutes.", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ A total lunar eclipse took place on 4 April 2015.", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ It is the former of two total lunar eclipses in 2015, and the third in a \"tetrad\" (four total lunar eclipses in series).", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Other eclipses in the tetrad are those of 15 April 2014, 8 October 2014, and 28 September 2015.", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ This is the 30th member of Lunar Saros 132, and the first total eclipse.", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ The previous event was the March 1997 lunar eclipse, being slightly partial.", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Totality lasted only 4 minutes and 44 seconds, making it the shortest lunar totality in almost five centuries since 17 October 1529 (which lasted 1 minute and 42 seconds).", "April 2015 lunar eclipse __knowledge__ Another shortest occurs on December 28 1917, lasting (11 minutes and 58 seconds).", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ A solar eclipse (as seen from the planet Earth) is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and when the Moon fully or partially blocks (\"occults\") the Sun.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ This can happen only at new moon when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth in an alignment referred to as syzygy.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured.", "Solar eclipse __knowledge__ If the Moon were in a perfectly circular orbit, a little closer to the Earth, and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every new moon.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Jim Steinman, and released on Tyler's fifth studio album, \"Faster Than the Speed of Night\" (1983).", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ The song was released as a single by Columbia Records on 11 February 1983 in the United Kingdom and on 31 May 1983 in the United States.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ The song became Tyler's biggest career hit, topping the UK Singles Chart, and becoming the fifth-best-selling single in 1983 in the United Kingdom.", "Total Eclipse of the Heart __knowledge__ In the United States, the single spent four weeks at the top of the charts, and was \"Billboard\"'s number-six song of the year for 1983.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins; 8 June 1951) is a Welsh singer, known for her distinctive husky voice.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album \"The World Starts Tonight\" and its singles \"Lost in France\" and \"More Than a Lover\".", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ Her 1978 single \"It's a Heartache\" reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, and number three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ In the 1980s, Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman.", "Bonnie Tyler __knowledge__ He wrote Tyler's biggest hit \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\", the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album \"Faster Than the Speed of Night\".", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"The Great American Eclipse\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula.", "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 __knowledge__ Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ Both \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" had subsequent versions with the adult content removed that were sold for the PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ In addition, two fandiscs were also released, and , containing alternate scenarios, short stories, computer wallpapers, and audio dramas.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ PlayStation Vita ports for \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" have also been announced by âge.", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ \"Muv-Luv\" and its sequel \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" have since been adapted into three manga series by MediaWorks (later ASCII Media Works) and are serialized in the manga magazine \"Dengeki Daioh\".", "Muv-Luv __knowledge__ Shueisha published a seven volume novel series based on \"Muv-Luv\" and \"Muv-Luv Alternative\" while Enterbrain published a spin-off novel series, \"Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse\" in its \"Tech Gian\" magazine.", "The Number of the Beast (album) __knowledge__ The Number of the Beast is the third studio album by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released in March 1982.", "The Number of the Beast (album) __knowledge__ It was their first release to feature vocalist Bruce Dickinson and their last with drummer Clive Burr.", "The Number of the Beast (album) __knowledge__ \"The Number of the Beast\" met with considerable critical and commercial success and was a landmark release for the band—becoming their first album to reach No.", "The Number of the Beast (album) __knowledge__ 1 in the UK Albums Chart, and to reach the Top 40 of the Billboard 200 in the US.", "The Number of the Beast (album) __knowledge__ The album also produced the singles \"Run to the Hills\" and \"The Number of the Beast\", the former of which was the band's first top-ten UK single.", "Total Eclipse (American band) __knowledge__ Total Eclipse is an American metal band from San Francisco, California, with a self-produced mini-CD released internationally (\"Guardians of Metal\", 1999), a worldwide album (\"Ashes of Eden\", Limb Music, 2003) released under a major record label, \"Spellcaster\" (Independent, 2009) released worldwide, and now in 2013, the new album Kulkukan has been released independently.", "Total Eclipse (American band) __knowledge__ In 1996 Erik Cameron and his brother Chris formed the band Total Eclipse.", "Total Eclipse (American band) __knowledge__ After a search for musicians who shared their passion, they met drummer Ramon Ochoa in 1998.", "Total Eclipse (American band) __knowledge__ As a teenager, Ramon had already swung the stick for several local acts." ] ]

[ 9, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Do you mean the solar eclipse of August 2017? I did see it happen, it was incredible! Do you know how an eclipse happens? ", "Do you know how often these solar eclipses happen? ", "I remember seeing one in the UK when I was a child, that was a Total eclipse I think", "That's cool! I found out this year that the alignment of the three celestial bodies is known as a syzygy!" ]

[ "Eclipse", "Eclipse", "Eclipse", "Eclipse" ]

[ "Friends", "I have only watched a few episodes but it seems pretty interesting. Who's your favorite character?", "Did you dislike any characters?", "Nice! Mine is Riveradale." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Friends __knowledge__ Friends (stylized as F•R•I•E•N•D•S) is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons.", "Friends __knowledge__ With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six 20–30-something friends living in Manhattan.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television.", "Friends __knowledge__ The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane.", "Friends __knowledge__ Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title \"Insomnia Cafe\" between November and December 1993.", "Friends __knowledge__ They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC.", "Friends __knowledge__ After several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to \"Six of One\" and \"Friends Like Us\", the series was finally named \"Friends\".", "Friends __knowledge__ Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California.", "Friends __knowledge__ All ten seasons of \"Friends\" ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; ultimately reaching the No.", "Friends __knowledge__ 1 spot with its eighth season.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series finale on May 6, 2004, was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history, and the most watched television episode of the 2000s decade." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Friends __knowledge__ Friends (stylized as F•R•I•E•N•D•S) is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons.", "Friends __knowledge__ With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six 20–30-something friends living in Manhattan.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television.", "Friends __knowledge__ The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane.", "Friends __knowledge__ Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title \"Insomnia Cafe\" between November and December 1993.", "Friends __knowledge__ They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC.", "Friends __knowledge__ After several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to \"Six of One\" and \"Friends Like Us\", the series was finally named \"Friends\".", "Friends __knowledge__ Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California.", "Friends __knowledge__ All ten seasons of \"Friends\" ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; ultimately reaching the No.", "Friends __knowledge__ 1 spot with its eighth season.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series finale on May 6, 2004, was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history, and the most watched television episode of the 2000s decade.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ Marceline the Vampire Queen is a character in the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\" created by Pendleton Ward.", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman.", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen.", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, former lead-character designer and prop designer for \"Adventure Time\".", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ Unlike a traditional vampire, Marceline does not need to drink blood to survive; rather, she eats the color red.", "Marceline the Vampire Queen __knowledge__ Marceline is a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-axe.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The \"School Rumble\" manga and anime series features a cast of characters designed by Jin Kobayashi.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The story takes place mostly in a Japanese high school and revolves around various love triangles and polygons.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The manga series is followed by a short parallel world story, \"School Rumble Z\".", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The manga alternates between several main protagonists.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ In the main storyline chapters the main protagonists are Tenma Tsukamoto and Kenji Harima.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ The side chapters focus on many of the side characters from the main chapters with most of them focusing on Yakumo Tsukamoto.", "List of School Rumble characters __knowledge__ While many of the chapters are gag stories, the central theme of \"School Rumble\" is relationships, mostly because of love, and as the series progresses, characters are introduced and situations are misinterpreted, the relationship web becomes more complex.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Thomas Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\" (\"OLTL\").", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Todd was a college student and fraternity brother to Kevin Buchanan, Zach Rosen, and Powell Lord.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ In 1993, following a storyline in which he becomes acquainted with Marty Saybrooke, he initiates a gang rape on her with the help of Zach and Powell.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ The storyline was considered groundbreaking by television critics.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Its main players—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did Malone and his writing team.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Joan Rivers __knowledge__ Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), professional name Joan Rivers, was an American stand-up comedian, actress, writer, producer, and television host.", "Joan Rivers __knowledge__ She was noted for her often controversial comedic persona—heavily self-deprecating or sharply acerbic, especially toward celebrities and politicians.", "Joan Rivers __knowledge__ Rivers gained prominence in 1965 as a guest on \"The Tonight Show\".", "Joan Rivers __knowledge__ Hosted by her mentor, Johnny Carson, the show established Rivers' comedic style.", "Joan Rivers __knowledge__ In 1986, with her own rival program, \"The Late Show with Joan Rivers\", Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA () were a Swedish pop group, formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, and Anni-Frid Lyngstad: the group name derives from the first letter in each of their names.", "ABBA __knowledge__ They became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 at The Dome in Brighton, UK, giving Sweden its first triumph in the contest.", "ABBA __knowledge__ They are the most successful group to have taken part in the competition.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA are estimated to have sold 340 to over 500 million records, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Friends __knowledge__ Friends (stylized as F•R•I•E•N•D•S) is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons.", "Friends __knowledge__ With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six 20–30-something friends living in Manhattan.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television.", "Friends __knowledge__ The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane.", "Friends __knowledge__ Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title \"Insomnia Cafe\" between November and December 1993.", "Friends __knowledge__ They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC.", "Friends __knowledge__ After several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to \"Six of One\" and \"Friends Like Us\", the series was finally named \"Friends\".", "Friends __knowledge__ Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California.", "Friends __knowledge__ All ten seasons of \"Friends\" ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; ultimately reaching the No.", "Friends __knowledge__ 1 spot with its eighth season.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series finale on May 6, 2004, was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history, and the most watched television episode of the 2000s decade.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the ITV science fiction television series \"Primeval\", including supporting characters.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series originally features a cast of five main characters plus supporting cast who investigate time anomalies for the British government.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series 1 cast is made up of Douglas Henshall as Professor Nick Cutter, James Murray as Stephen Hart, Andrew-Lee Potts as Connor Temple, Lucy Brown as Claudia Brown and Hannah Spearritt as Abby Maitland, with Juliet Aubrey as Helen Cutter, Ben Miller as James Lester and Mark Wakeling as Captain Tom Ryan.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ In the final episode of Series 1, Captain Tom Ryan is killed off, and Claudia Brown disappears.", "Minor characters on Frasier __knowledge__ Besides the main characters Frasier Crane, his father Martin and brother Niles, Daphne Moon, Roz Doyle, and a few others, there are several minor characters who regularly appear on the American television sitcom Frasier, or who have important but limited roles.", "Minor characters on Frasier __knowledge__ As many of the plots on \"Frasier\" surround the romantic entanglements of the Crane men, several women have significant minor roles in the series.", "Minor characters on Frasier __knowledge__ The more significant of these are listed below, excluding Daphne Moon: Sherry Dempsey (Marsha Mason) is a bartender at McGinty's, Martin's favorite bar, and, for a short time, Martin's girlfriend.", "Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Pride & Prejudice is a 2005 British-American romantic drama directed by Joe Wright and based on Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name.", "Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ The film depicts five sisters from an English family of landed gentry as they deal with issues of marriage, morality and misconceptions.", "Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Keira Knightley stars in the lead role of Elizabeth Bennet, while Matthew Macfadyen plays her romantic interest Mr Darcy.", "Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Produced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film was released on 16 September 2005 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and on 11 November in the United States.", "Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Screenwriter Deborah Moggach initially attempted to make her script as faithful to the novel as possible, writing from Elizabeth's perspective while preserving much of the original dialogue.", "Chinua Achebe __knowledge__ Chinua Achebe (, born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe; 16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic.", "Chinua Achebe __knowledge__ His first novel \"Things Fall Apart\" (1958), often considered his best, is the most widely read book in modern African literature.", "Chinua Achebe __knowledge__ He won the Man Booker International Prize in 2007.", "Chinua Achebe __knowledge__ Raised by his parents in the Igbo town of Ogidi in southeastern Nigeria, Achebe excelled at school and won a scholarship to study medicine, but changed his studies to English literature at University College (now the University of Ibadan).", "Chinua Achebe __knowledge__ He became fascinated with world religions and traditional African cultures, and began writing stories as a university student.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of students at South Park Elementary __knowledge__ Various student characters attend the fictional school South Park Elementary in the animated television show \"South Park\".", "List of students at South Park Elementary __knowledge__ The school is one of the most prominent settings on the show, the narrative of which revolves mostly around the students.", "List of students at South Park Elementary __knowledge__ While there have been a few characters from varying grades have been depicted in recurring minor roles, the students in the fourth grade—including central characters Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman—receive the primary focus of the series.", "List of students at South Park Elementary __knowledge__ The fourth grade class is taught throughout most of the series by Mr. Garrison, with a hiatus between seasons 4 and 6 when he is replaced by Ms. Choksondik.", "Jennifer Aniston __knowledge__ Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, producer, and businesswoman.", "Jennifer Aniston __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow.", "Jennifer Aniston __knowledge__ Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom \"Friends\" (1994–2004), a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.", "Jennifer Aniston __knowledge__ The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television.", "Jennifer Aniston __knowledge__ Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies.", "Rachel Green __knowledge__ Rachel Karen Green is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom \"Friends\".", "Rachel Green __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Jennifer Aniston, the character was created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and appeared in each of the show’s 236 episodes during its decade-long run, from its premiere on September 22, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004.", "Rachel Green __knowledge__ Introduced in the show's pilot as a naive runaway bride who reunites with her childhood best friend Monica and relocates to New York City, Rachel gradually evolves from a spoiled, inexperienced \"daddy's girl\" into a successful businesswoman.", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ \"All Mixed Up\" is the first episode of the second season of the American television sitcom \"Cougar Town\".", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ It originally aired on September 22, 2010 in the United States on ABC.", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ In this episode, Jules (Courteney Cox) sees a therapist named Glenn (Jennifer Aniston) in order to relieve the stresses of her issues.", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Bobby (Brian Van Holt) is troubled with the reality of Grayson's (Josh Hopkins) relationship with Jules, and Travis (Dan Byrd) prepares for college.", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ \"All Mixed Up\" was directed by co-creator Bill Lawrence and written by Lawrence and fellow co-creator Kevin Biegel.", "All Mixed Up (Cougar Town) __knowledge__ Aniston made a guest appearance in \"All Mixed Up\", after a year of heavy speculation.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Monica Geller __knowledge__ Monica E. Geller is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom \"Friends\".", "Monica Geller __knowledge__ Created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and portrayed by actress Courteney Cox, Monica appears in each of the show's 236 episodes, from its premiere on September 24, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004.", "Monica Geller __knowledge__ A chef known for her cleanliness, competitiveness and obsessive-compulsive nature, Monica is the younger sister of Ross and best friend of Rachel, the latter of whom she invites to live with her after Rachel forsakes her own wedding.", "Monica Geller __knowledge__ The two characters spend several years living together as roommates until Monica begins a romantic relationship with long-time neighbor and friend Chandler, whom she marries.", "Cake (2014 film) __knowledge__ Cake is a 2014 American drama film directed by Daniel Barnz, written by Patrick Tobin, and starring Jennifer Aniston, Adriana Barraza, Felicity Huffman, William H. Macy, Anna Kendrick, and Sam Worthington.", "Cake (2014 film) __knowledge__ It debuted in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Cake (2014 film) __knowledge__ Aniston's performance received strong praise and earned her nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe Award.", "Cake (2014 film) __knowledge__ The story centers on Claire Bennett (Aniston) as she struggles to come to terms not only with the aftermath of the car accident that killed her son and left her partially disabled by chronic pain, but also with the suicide of Nina Collins (Kendrick), a woman from her chronic pain support group.", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ \"The One with the Cast of \"Night Court\"\" is the third episode of the third season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\".", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ It was written by co-executive producer Jack Burditt, and directed by Gail Mancuso.", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States on November 13, 2008.", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ The episode received mixed reception from television critics.", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ According to the Nielsen ratings system, it was watched by 7.5 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 4.6 rating/7 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic.", "The One with the Cast of Night Court __knowledge__ For her performance in this episode, Jennifer Aniston received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Friends __knowledge__ Friends (stylized as F•R•I•E•N•D•S) is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons.", "Friends __knowledge__ With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six 20–30-something friends living in Manhattan.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television.", "Friends __knowledge__ The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane.", "Friends __knowledge__ Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title \"Insomnia Cafe\" between November and December 1993.", "Friends __knowledge__ They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC.", "Friends __knowledge__ After several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to \"Six of One\" and \"Friends Like Us\", the series was finally named \"Friends\".", "Friends __knowledge__ Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California.", "Friends __knowledge__ All ten seasons of \"Friends\" ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; ultimately reaching the No.", "Friends __knowledge__ 1 spot with its eighth season.", "Friends __knowledge__ The series finale on May 6, 2004, was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history, and the most watched television episode of the 2000s decade.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Sulphur Bank Mine __knowledge__ The Sulphur Bank Mine is located near Clearlake Oaks and Clear Lake in Lake County, California.", "Sulphur Bank Mine __knowledge__ The mine became one of the most noted mercury producers in the world.", "Sulphur Bank Mine __knowledge__ During the 150 years since the Sulphur Bank was discovered, the area has drawn geologists, inspired unique scientific theories, established constitutional case law and now attracts environmental scientists who study the impact of mercury contamination within the Cache Creek watershed of northern California and the Sacramento River-Delta Region and San Francisco Bay.", "Sulphur Bank Mine __knowledge__ Beginning in 1856, the mine was first worked for borax.", "Sulphur Bank Mine __knowledge__ Mining for sulfur began in 1865, and produced 2,000,000 pounds (909,090 kg) in four years.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas: These appraisals are based primarily on evaluations of efficacy and cost–effectiveness in various circumstances.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It serves both the English NHS and the Welsh NHS.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It was set up as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in 1999, and on 1 April 2005 joined with the Health Development Agency to become the new National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (still abbreviated as NICE).", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ Following the Health and Social Care Act 2012, NICE was renamed the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence on 1 April 2013 reflecting its new responsibilities for social care, and changed from a special health authority to an Executive Non-Departmental Public Body (ENDPB).", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur (; commonly referred to as OGC Nice or simply Nice) is a French association football club based in Nice.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice plays its home matches at the Allianz Riviera.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice is managed by Lucien Favre and captained by defender Dante Bonfim.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice was founded under the name \"Gymnaste Club de Nice\" and is one of the founding members of the first division of French football.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ The club has won Ligue 1 four times and the Coupe de France three times.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice achieved most of its honours in the 1950s with the club being managed by coaches such as Numa Andoire, Englishman William Berry and Jean Luciano.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ A nice guy or good guy are informal terms for an (often young) adult male who portrays himself as gentle, compassionate, sensitive and/or vulnerable.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ The term is used both positively and negatively.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ When used positively, and particularly when used as a preference or description by someone else, it is intended to imply a male who puts the needs of others before his own, avoids confrontations, does favors, gives emotional support, tries to stay out of trouble, and generally acts nicely towards others.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ In the context of a relationship, it may also refer to traits of honesty, loyalty, romanticism, courtesy and respect.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ Greenside Mine (sometimes referred to as \"Greenside Lead Mine\") was a successful lead mine in the Lake District of England.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ Between 1825 and 1961 the mine produced of lead and of silver, from around 2 million tons of ore. During the 1940s it was the largest producer of lead ore in the UK.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ Unusually for a 19th-century metalliferous mine in Britain there are very full records of its activities, dating back to 1825.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ The mine probably opened during the second half of the 1700s but had closed by 1819.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ In 1825 the Greenside Mining Company was formed and reopened the mine.", "Greenside Mine __knowledge__ They made good profits until 1880, when the price of lead fell.", "Bones (TV series) __knowledge__ Bones is an American crime procedural drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States from September 13, 2005, until March 28, 2017, for 246 episodes over twelve seasons.", "Bones (TV series) __knowledge__ The show is based on forensic anthropology and forensic archaeology, with each episode focusing on an FBI case file concerning the mystery behind human remains brought by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (David Boreanaz) to forensic anthropologist Dr. Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (Emily Deschanel) and the personal lives of the characters.", "Bones (TV series) __knowledge__ The rest of the main cast includes Michaela Conlin, T. J. Thyne, Eric Millegan, Jonathan Adams, Tamara Taylor, John Francis Daley, and John Boyd.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers.", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\".", "The Vampire Diaries __knowledge__ The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Twin Peaks __knowledge__ Twin Peaks is an American mystery horror drama television series created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8, 1990, on ABC.", "Twin Peaks __knowledge__ It was one of the top-rated series of 1990, but declining ratings led to its cancellation after its second season in 1991.", "Twin Peaks __knowledge__ It nonetheless gained a cult following and has been referenced in a wide variety of media.", "Twin Peaks __knowledge__ In subsequent years, \"Twin Peaks\" has often been listed among the greatest television series of all time.", "Twin Peaks __knowledge__ The series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer (Sheryl Lee) in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards Mexico is an annual awards show that awards entertainers with a blimp trophy, as voted by kids on internet.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show is usually held in September and televised days later.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ In June 2010, Viacom gave the rights for Mexico to release their own Kids' Choice Awards.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The awards ceremony took place on September 4, 2010 at \"El Teatro Chino de Six Flags\" (The Chinese Theater of Six Flags) of the Six Flags Mexico park.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ It was presented by Omar Chaparro and Anahí.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show was not televised until October 14, 2010.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The award show was a low budget production.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Presented via a 'giant screen' were special messages from the cast of iCarly (Miranda Cosgrove, Jennette McCurdy, Nathan Kress, Jerry Trainor and Noah Munck), and Justin Bieber in acceptance of their wins for the categories of \"Favorite TV Show\" and \"Favorite Song\" respectively.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ The series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, who also served as the show's executive producers and were frequent writers.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ The series was loosely inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City.", "How I Met Your Mother __knowledge__ Among the 208 episodes, there were only four directors: Pamela Fryman (196 episodes), Rob Greenberg (7 episodes), Michael Shea (4 episodes) and Neil Patrick Harris (1 episode).", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 78 ]

[ "I loved the TV show Friends that ran from 1994 through 2004", "I guess my favorite character played by Jennifer Aniston.", "No. Not really I liked the whole cast. What's your all time favorite TV show?", "Hm, haven't seen it. Did you follow Grey's Anatomy?" ]

[ "Friends", "Friends", "Friends", "Friends" ]

[ "Burrito\nI love burritos - they are so versatile!", "I like the crunchy ones but also the soft ones. We have a Mexican food truck in our town that is amazing.", "That is good to know, perhaps the next time I fix that food at our house, I will steam them.", "They seem to tear a bit easier, but they do have a good flavor." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A Mission burrito (also known as a San Francisco burrito or a Mission-style burrito) is a type of burrito that first became popular during the 1960s in the Mission District of San Francisco, California.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It is distinguished from other burritos by its large size and inclusion of extra rice and other ingredients.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A key method to the burritos' construction is to steam the wheat flour tortilla to increase its flexibility prior to adding the other ingredients, although that is not a requirement and burritos may be grilled instead.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It has been referred to as one of three major styles of burritos in the United States, following the earlier, simple burrito consisting of beans, rice, and meat.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. () is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalapeño chili pepper.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Competitors in the fast-casual Mexican market include Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe's Southwest Grill, Rubio's Coastal Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, Freebirds World Burrito, and Baja Fresh.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ Hot Head Burritos is a restaurant chain based in Dayton, Ohio.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ The restaurant specializes in Mexican-style burritos and other Mexican-style foods.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ Hot Head Burritos was ranked by AOL.com in 2009 as one of America's next big chains.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ In 2011, Hot Head Burritos was named 41st on FastCasual's list of 2011's Top 100 Movers and Shakers.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ As of October 2016, 75 locations were in operation in the United States.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ The company plans to continue to add more restaurants in the Dayton region.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ They have also announced plans to expand into Kentucky and Cincinnati.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ In 2011, Hot Head announced plans to move into the Columbus, Ohio market.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Ingram Cecil Connor III (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973), known professionally as Gram Parsons, was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and pianist.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Parsons is best known for his work within the country music genre; he also popularized what he called \"Cosmic American Music\", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Besides recording as a solo artist, he played with the International Submarine Band, The Byrds, and The Flying Burrito Brothers.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ His relatively short career is described by AllMusic as \"enormously influential\" for country and rock, \"blending the two genres to the point that they became indistinguishable from each other.\"", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ Burrito Deluxe is the second album by the country rock group The Flying Burrito Brothers, released in May 1970 on A&M Records, catalogue 4258.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ It is the last to feature Gram Parsons prior to his dismissal from the group.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ It contains the first issued version of the song \"Wild Horses,\" released almost a year before its appearance on \"Sticky Fingers\" by The Rolling Stones.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ After the release of the group's debut album, ex-Byrd Michael Clarke was hired as the band's full-time drummer — he had recently been performing drumming duties for another band led by another ex-Byrd, Dillard and Clark.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ In the fall of 1969 bassist Chris Ethridge left out of frustration at the band's lack of success, and in his place the Burritos snagged another member of the disintegrating Dillard and Clark unit, guitarist Bernie Leadon.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ A food truck is a small truck that operates as a restaurant.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ The height of the cooking area shall be less than 1.5 m (1.2 m) and the area shall be not less than 0.5 m*m and not more than 0.5 m*m. A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Food truck __knowledge__ A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food trucks, along with portable food booths and food carts, are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.", "Kogi Korean BBQ __knowledge__ Kogi Korean BBQ is a fleet of five fusion food trucks in Los Angeles famous both for their combination of Korean with Mexican food and also for their reliance on Internet technology, especially Twitter and YouTube, to spread information about their offerings and locations.", "Kogi Korean BBQ __knowledge__ Highlights of typical fare include Spicy Pork Tacos, Kimchi Quesadillas and Short Rib Sliders.", "Kogi Korean BBQ __knowledge__ Its owner/founder, Mark Manguera, a Filipino-American, married into a Korean family and was inspired to combine Mexican and Korean food as a result.", "Kogi Korean BBQ __knowledge__ The food truck has won much recognition, including a \"Bon Appétit\" Award in 2009 and \"Best New Chef\" for Roy Choi by Food & Wine in 2010, the first for a food truck.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos is a Chinese-Mexican fusion food truck based in Los Angeles, California.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ A veteran in the food truck industry, Don Chow was founded on April 22, 2009 by Dominic Lau and Lawrence Lie.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Their motto, “Where Chino meets Latino”, represents the pair’s Chinese heritage, (represented by the truck’s logo, a depiction of the traditional Chinese guardian lion), and the Hispanic influences that had been constant in their lives as they grew up in LA.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos ceased operations on February 16, 2015.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow has appeared on the Food Network's \"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\", as well NBC and KTLA.", "Chi'Lantro BBQ __knowledge__ Chi'Lantro BBQ is a Korean Mexican fusion mobile truck and catering service which opened in Austin, Texas in 2010.", "Chi'Lantro BBQ __knowledge__ Since then, the former food truck operation has opened four restaurants in the Austin area, with a 5th location opening in Fall 2016.", "Chi'Lantro BBQ __knowledge__ The name \"Chi'Lantro\" is a fusion of \"kimchi\" and \"cilantro\", two distinct cultural staples, aiming to reinvent traditional Korean and Mexican cuisine.", "Chi'Lantro BBQ __knowledge__ They are locally known as the originator of a dish known as \"Kimchi Fries\".", "Chi'Lantro BBQ __knowledge__ In February 2010, the business was opened by Jae Kim, who was born in Korea and moved to the U.S. when he was eleven years old.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ The Great Food Truck Race is a reality television and cooking series that originally aired on August 15, 2010, on Food Network, with Tyler Florence as the host.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Billed as a cross between Cannonball Run and Top Chef, this late summer show features several competing teams of three who drive across the United States in their food trucks and make stops every week to sell food in different cities.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Every season, between six and eight food truck teams compete in a race where they must cook, sell, and adapt to different challenges in the hopes of winning $50,000 (and in some cases, their very own food truck).", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America).", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexican cuisine is the regional cuisine of the US state of New Mexico.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Part of the broader Southwestern cuisine, New Mexico food culture is a fusion of Pueblo Native American, Spanish, Mexican, Tex-Mex, cowboy chuckwagon, French, and Mediterranean influences.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexican cuisine developed in uniquely isolated circumstances and is therefore not like any other Mexican food in the United States.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexico chile is the defining ingredient of New Mexican food.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Chile is New Mexico's largest agricultural crop.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Within New Mexico, green chile is also popular in non-New Mexican cuisines including Mexican-style food and \"American food\" like cheeseburgers, french fries, bagels, and pizza." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Spanish omelette __knowledge__ Spanish omelette is the English name for a traditional dish from Spanish cuisine called tortilla española, tortilla de patatas or tortilla de papas.", "Spanish omelette __knowledge__ It is an omelette made with eggs and potatoes, sometimes also with onion and/or chives or garlic; fried in oil and often served cold as an appetizer.", "Spanish omelette __knowledge__ It is part of the cuisine of Spain and many South American countries, especially those in the area of the Rio de la Plata.", "Spanish omelette __knowledge__ In Spanish \"tortilla\" is the diminutive form of \"torta\", cake; this dish is called \"tortilla de patatas\" or \"tortilla española\" to distinguish it from a plain omelette (\"tortilla francesa\", literally \"\"French omelette\"\").", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ San Margherita is an unincorporated neighborhood directly west of Columbus, Ohio, half falling into Norwich Township and the other half in Franklin Township.", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ The area was settled in the early 20th century by Italian immigrants working for the Marble Cliff Quarry Company.", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ Though once a robust and rural community, San Margherita is in danger of vanishing.", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ Many of the original homes and locally owned businesses in the neighborhood have been demolished.", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ San Margherita is located west of Columbus, across the Scioto River.", "San Margherita, Ohio __knowledge__ Between 1880 and 1920, the area was populated by Italian immigrants who worked in the nearby Marble Cliff Quarry.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"The Haves and the Have Nots\".", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ It is the first scripted television series to air on the network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode is one hour long.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Variety\" has recognized \"The Haves and the Have Nots\" as \"OWN's most popular series to date.\"", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ In addition, the drama series has been acclaimed as being \"one of OWN's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations, and a bitch slap or two.\"", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Yam (vegetable) __knowledge__ Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus \"Dioscorea\" (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers.", "Yam (vegetable) __knowledge__ Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and subtropical world regions.", "Yam (vegetable) __knowledge__ The tubers themselves are also called \"yams\", having numerous cultivars and related species.", "Yam (vegetable) __knowledge__ In parts of the United States and Canada, \"yam\" is sometimes used to refer to varieties of the unrelated sweet potato (\"Ipomoea batatas\").", "Yam (vegetable) __knowledge__ The name, yam, appears to derive from Portuguese \"inhame\" or Canarian (Spain) \"ñame\", which are probably derived from West African languages.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances.", "Taste __knowledge__ Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis.", "Taste __knowledge__ The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show was created by \"The Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of \"Flavor of Love, I Love New York\" and \"Rock of Love\", and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ Pristine apple is a hybrid cultivar of 'Co Op 10' x 'Camuzat' domesticated apples, which are descendants of the 'McIntosh' apple and the 'Starking Delicious'.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ This cultivar was developed and patented in the United States by the PRI disease resistant apple breeding program, in Indiana, United States in 1994, for its resistance to apple scab.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ It is susceptible to cedar-apple rust.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ Tree has a biennial tendency, is diploid, with average vigor.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ Flowering at mid-late season.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ Like other domesticated apples, it is self-sterile and needs cross pollination.", "Pristine apple __knowledge__ Gives a good crop of medium-sized yellow skinned fruits, sometimes with red flush.", "Peanut __knowledge__ The peanut, also known as the groundnut and the goober and taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is classified as both a grain legume and, because of its high oil content, an oil crop.", "Peanut __knowledge__ World annual production of shelled peanuts was 42 million tonnes in 2014.", "Peanut __knowledge__ Atypically among crop plants, peanut pods develop underground rather than aboveground.", "Peanut __knowledge__ It is this characteristic that the botanist Linnaeus used to assign the specific name \"hypogaea,\" which means \"under the earth.\"", "Cuisine of Pará __knowledge__ Pará Cuisine presents as its greatest influence the Indian culture and a bit of African and Portuguese cultures as well.", "Cuisine of Pará __knowledge__ The basic ingredients are from the exuberant nature of the Amazon, such as shrimp, crab, seafood, fish, poultry, bush meat, duck, all cooked with leaves (boiled leaves called maniva, chicory, coriander), peppers and herbs.", "Cuisine of Pará __knowledge__ They are all cooked in clay pots or barbecues in moquéns (wrapped in leaves and roasted) and soaked of tucupi.", "Cuisine of Pará __knowledge__ Served in bowls, in cocoons of banana leaves in containers of clay and even in urupemas (vegetable fiber sifter) which gives a pleasant flavor to dishes from Pará.", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America).", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ Aztec cuisine was the cuisine of the Aztec Empire and the Nahua peoples of the Valley of Mexico prior to European contact in 1519.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ The most important staple was corn (maize), a crop that was so important to Aztec society that it played a central part in their mythology.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ Just like wheat in much of Europe or rice in most of East Asia, it was the food without which a meal was not a meal.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ It came in varieties that differed in color, texture, size and prestige, and was eaten as corn tortillas, tamales or \"ātōlli\", maize gruel.", "Aztec cuisine __knowledge__ The other constants of Aztec food were salt and chili peppers and the basic definition of Aztec fasting was to abstain from these two flavors.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Maize __knowledge__ Maize ( ; \"Zea mays\" subsp.", "Maize __knowledge__ \"mays\", from after Taíno \"mahiz\"), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.", "Maize __knowledge__ The leafy stalk of the plant produces separate pollen and ovuliferous inflorescences or ears, which are fruits, yielding kernels or seeds.", "Maize __knowledge__ Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with total production surpassing that of wheat or rice.", "Maize __knowledge__ However, not all of this maize is consumed directly by humans.", "Maize __knowledge__ Some of the maize production is used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other , such as corn starch and corn syrup." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 74, 5 ]

[ "I love them too! I really like mexican cuisine, i like it when the tortilla is crunchy", "Yes every city haves its own :D the tortilla is sometimes steamed to soften it, so its more pliable that way", "I also like corn tortillas, they are made from finely graded maize", "Yes, and in Mexico meat and refried beans are the only thing in a tortilla" ]

[ "Burrito", "Burrito", "Burrito", "Burrito" ]

[ "Mental health\nWe need to have more awareness about mental health.", "Yes, some view therapy and/or meds as weak, but society would be a lot better off if people were more open to the idea.", "Hmm, how many people in the world do you think have some sort of mental health problem?", "Interesting. Are women or men more likely to have poor mental health?", "Lol nice one that's why I tend to stay away from news shows these days." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ The WHO further states that the well-being of an individual is encompassed in the realization of their abilities, coping with normal stresses of life, productive work and contribution to their community.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how \"mental health\" is defined.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the U.K. surgeon general (1999), mental health is the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health is defined as \"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community\".", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as \"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\"", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological, psychiatric, and emotional health by means of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ Community mental health services (CMHS), also known as community mental health teams (CMHT) in the United Kingdom, support or treat people with mental disorders (mental illness or mental health difficulties) in a domiciliary setting, instead of a psychiatric hospital (asylum).", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ The array of community mental health services vary depending on the country in which the services are provided.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ It refers to a system of care in which the patient's community, not a specific facility such as a hospital, is the primary provider of care for people with a mental illness.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ The goal of community mental health services often includes much more than simply providing outpatient psychiatric treatment.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Clinical mental health counseling __knowledge__ Clinical mental health counseling is a distinct profession with national standards for education, training, and clinical practice.", "Clinical mental health counseling __knowledge__ Clinical mental health counselors operate from a wellness perspective, which emphasizes moving toward optimal human functioning in mind, body, and spirit, and away from distress, dysfunction, and mental illness.", "Clinical mental health counseling __knowledge__ Counselors also view wellness and pathology as developmental in nature, and take into consideration all levels of a client's environment when conducting assessment and treatment.", "Clinical mental health counseling __knowledge__ Counselors also frequently take a team approach, collaborating with other mental health professionals to provide the most comprehensive care possible for the client.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ Psychiatric nursing or mental health nursing is the appointed position of a nurse that has specialised in mental health and cares for people of all ages experiencing mental illness or mental distress, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, anxiety, dementia, and many more.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ Nurses in this area receive specific training in psychological therapies, building a therapeutic alliance, dealing with challenging behaviour, and the administration of psychiatric medication.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ In most countries, a psychiatric nurse will have to attain a bachelor's degree in nursing to become a Registered Nurse (RN), and specialise in mental health." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ The WHO further states that the well-being of an individual is encompassed in the realization of their abilities, coping with normal stresses of life, productive work and contribution to their community.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how \"mental health\" is defined.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the U.K. surgeon general (1999), mental health is the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band the Byrds, first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band's second single, \"All I Really Want to Do\".", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ It was also included on the Byrds' debut album, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\".", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ Written by Gene Clark, who also sings the lead vocal, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" features some of the Byrds' early musical trademarks, including Jim McGuinn's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar; Clark's pounding tambourine; McGuinn, Clark, and David Crosby's complex harmony singing; and a country-influenced guitar solo.", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better __knowledge__ Although it was initially released as a B-side, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that \"All I Really Want to Do\" spent on the \"Billboard\" charts.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ Camden is a city in Camden County, New Jersey.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ Camden is located directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ At the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 77,344.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ Camden is the 12th most populous municipality in New Jersey.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was incorporated on February 13, 1828.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ Camden has been the county seat of Camden County since the county was formed on March 13, 1844.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city derives its name from Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ Camden is made up of over twenty different neighborhoods.", "Camden, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was consistently prosperous throughout the Great Depression and World War II.", "Placebo (band) __knowledge__ Placebo are an alternative rock band, formed in London, England in 1994 by singer-guitarist Brian Molko and guitarist-bassist Stefan Olsdal.", "Placebo (band) __knowledge__ The band were soon joined by drummer Robert Schultzberg, who left in 1996 due to conflicts with Molko and was replaced the same year by Steve Hewitt.", "Placebo (band) __knowledge__ Placebo gained exposure in 1997, after releasing \"Nancy Boy\", a song which Brian Molko described as \"obscene\".", "Placebo (band) __knowledge__ The band has sparked controversy at the beginning of their career because Molko wore dresses and make-up in public and talked openly about sex, sexuality and drug use.", "Placebo (band) __knowledge__ Placebo collaborated with various artists over the years, including David Bowie, Justin Warfield, Michael Stipe and Alison Mosshart.", "Meds __knowledge__ Meds is the fifth studio album by English alternative rock band Placebo.", "Meds __knowledge__ It was recorded from late 2005 to early 2006 and released on 13 March 2006 by record label Virgin in most countries, although it was released three days earlier in Australia and New Zealand.", "Meds __knowledge__ Illegal copies had previously been available on the Internet since 17 January 2006.", "Meds __knowledge__ \"Meds\" reached number 7 in the UK Albums Chart, and received a generally favourable reaction from music critics.", "Meds __knowledge__ Four singles were released from the album: \"Because I Want You\", \"Song to Say Goodbye\", \"Infra-Red\" and \"Meds\".", "Meds __knowledge__ Placebo had planned to record a more electronic, keyboard-driven sound for their new album; however, producer Dimitri Tikovoi suggested a back-to-basics approach, which Brian Molko recounted in \"Zero\": It was our producer's agenda really, which we didn't really know about until we got into the studio.", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and school of anarchist thought that advocates the elimination of the state in favor of self-ownership, private property, and free markets.", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ Anarcho-capitalists hold that, in the absence of statute (law by centralized decrees and legislation), society tends to contractually self-regulate and civilize through the discipline of the free market (in what its proponents describe as a \"voluntary society\").", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ In an anarcho-capitalist society, law enforcement, courts, and all other security services would be operated by privately funded competitors rather than centrally through compulsory taxation.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility, praise, guilt, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen.", "Free will __knowledge__ It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition.", "Free will __knowledge__ Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame.", "Free will __knowledge__ There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will, varying by how exactly it is conceived, which is a matter of some debate.", "Free will __knowledge__ Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Self-blame is a cognitive process in which an individual attributes the occurrence of a stressful event to oneself.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ The direction of blame often has implications for individuals’ emotions and behaviors during and following stressful situations.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Self-blame is a common reaction to stressful events and has certain effects on how individuals adapt.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Types of self-blame are hypothesized to contribute to depression, and self-blame is a component of self-directed emotions like guilt and self-disgust.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Because of self-blame’s commonality in response to stress and its role in emotion, self-blame should be examined using psychology’s perspectives on stress and coping.", "Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being __knowledge__ The Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being is a theory developed by Carol Ryff which determines six factors which contribute to an individual's psychological well-being, contentment, and happiness.", "Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being __knowledge__ Psychological well-being consists of positive relationships with others, personal mastery, autonomy, a feeling of purpose and meaning in life, and personal growth and development.", "Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being __knowledge__ Psychological well-being is attained by achieving a state of balance affected by both challenging and rewarding life events.", "Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being __knowledge__ Ryff's model is not based on merely feeling happy, but is based on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, \"where the goal of life isn't feeling good, but is instead about living virtuously\".", "Humor research __knowledge__ Humor research (also humor studies) is a multifaceted field which enters the domains of linguistics, history, and literature.", "Humor research __knowledge__ Research in humor has been done to understand the psychological and physiological effects, both positive and negative, on a person or groups of people.", "Humor research __knowledge__ Research in humor has revealed many different theories of humor and many different kinds of humor including their functions and effects personally, in relationships, and in society.", "Humor research __knowledge__ Humor research deals with a wide variety of issues, which can be categorized according to several theories of humor.", "Humor research __knowledge__ Because of its interdisciplinary nature, humor research has many areas of study which aim to explain the phenomenon of humor.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Organ donation is when a person allows an organ of theirs to be removed, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or after death with the assent of the next of kin.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Donation may be for research, or, more commonly healthy transplantable organs and tissues may be donated to be transplanted into another person.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Common transplantations include: kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin, and corneas.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Some organs and tissues can be donated by living donors, such as a kidney or part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the lungs or part of the intestines, but most donations occur after the donor has died." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ The WHO further states that the well-being of an individual is encompassed in the realization of their abilities, coping with normal stresses of life, productive work and contribution to their community.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how \"mental health\" is defined.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the U.K. surgeon general (1999), mental health is the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.", "Mental health first aid __knowledge__ Mental Health First Aid is a training program that teaches members of the public how to help a person developing a mental health problem (including a substance use problem), experiencing a worsening of an existing mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.", "Mental health first aid __knowledge__ Like traditional first aid, Mental Health First Aid does not teach people to treat or diagnose mental health or substance use conditions.", "Mental health first aid __knowledge__ Instead, the training teaches people how to offer initial support until appropriate professional help is received or until the crisis resolves.", "Mental health first aid __knowledge__ While first aid for physical health crises is a familiar notion in developed countries, conventional first aid training has not generally incorporated mental health problems.", "Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons __knowledge__ Mentally ill people are overrepresented in United States jail and prison populations relative to the general population.", "Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons __knowledge__ There are three times more seriously mentally ill persons in jails and prisons than in hospitals in the United States.", "Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons __knowledge__ The exact cause of this overrepresentation is disputed by scholars; proposed causes include the deinstitutionalization of mentally ill individuals in the mid-twentieth century; inadequate community mental health treatment resources; and the criminalization of mental illness itself.", "Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons __knowledge__ The majority of prisons in the United States employ a psychiatrist and a psychologist.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ People in prison are more likely than the general United States population to have received a mental disorder diagnosis, and women in prison have higher rates of mental illness and mental health treatment than do men in prison.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ Furthermore, women in prisons are three times more likely than the general population to report poor physical and mental health.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ Women are the fastest growing demographic of the United States prison population.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ As of 2010 there were over 110,000 women incarcerated in state and federal prisons in the United States and women comprised roughly 7% of all inmates in the United States.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Mental health in the United Kingdom is the subject of state and community sector intervention.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Most mental health problems are not easily defined.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems are most generally used.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ According to Mind about 25% of the adult population will experience a mental health problem each year.", "Mental health in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 2014 the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey reported that 17% of those surveyed in England met the criteria for a common mental disorder and about 37% of those were accessing mental health treatment.", "Primary Care Behavioral health __knowledge__ Primary Care Behavioral Health Consultation model (PCBH) is a psychological approach to population-based clinical health care that is simultaneously co-located, collaborative, and integrated within the primary care clinic.", "Primary Care Behavioral health __knowledge__ The goal of PCBH is to improve and promote overall health within the general population.", "Primary Care Behavioral health __knowledge__ This approach is important because approximately half of all patients in primary care present with psychiatric comorbidities, and 60% of psychiatric illness is treated in primary care.", "Primary Care Behavioral health __knowledge__ Primary Care practice has traditionally adopted a generalist approach whereby physicians are trained in the medical model and solutions to problems typically involve medications, procedures, and advice.", "Recovery approach __knowledge__ Psychological recovery or recovery model or the recovery approach to mental disorder or substance dependence emphasizes and supports a person's potential for recovery.", "Recovery approach __knowledge__ Recovery is generally seen in this approach as a personal journey rather than a set outcome, and one that may involve developing hope, a secure base and sense of self, supportive relationships, empowerment, social inclusion, coping skills, and meaning.", "Recovery approach __knowledge__ Recovery sees symptoms as a continuum of the norm rather than an aberration and rejects sane-insane dichotomy.", "Recovery approach __knowledge__ William Anthony, Director of the Boston Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation developed a quaint cornerstone definition of mental health recovery in 1993.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ Iochdar (), also spelled \"Eochar\", is a hamlet and community on the west coast of the island of South Uist, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ Iochdar is also in the parish of South Uist.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ It is the largest of several crofting settlements in the north-west of South Uist, and is located west of the A865 road.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ Iochdar is part of the South Uist Estate, which was the subject of Scotland's largest community land buyout in 2006, and is now run by Stòras Uibhist.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ Iochdar School, built in 1963, is a primary school (years 1–7) that caters to students from the hamlet as well as surrounding communities.", "Iochdar __knowledge__ The principal is Mary MacInnes.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision.", "Brain __knowledge__ The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body.", "Brain __knowledge__ In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.", "Brain __knowledge__ These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.", "Haemodynamic response __knowledge__ In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function.", "Haemodynamic response __knowledge__ Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues.", "Haemodynamic response __knowledge__ Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.", "Haemodynamic response __knowledge__ In order to understand how blood is delivered to cranial tissues, it is important to understand the vascular anatomy of the space itself.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ Visual selective attention is a brain function that controls the processing of retinal input based on whether it is relevant or important.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ It selects particular representations to enter perceptual awareness and therefore guide behaviour.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ Through this process, less relevant information is suppressed.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ Visual selective attention is an essential factor in producing efficient, goal directed behaviour.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ Our processing resources as humans are limited, and it is therefore crucial to be able to distinguish important information in an environment which produces vast amounts of sensory input every second.", "Visual selective attention in dementia __knowledge__ In order to guide behaviour, only a small amount of that sensory input can be allowed to reach perceptual awareness.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Wild Cards\" book series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer is a character from the \"Wild Cards\" series of books.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ He first appeared in the short story \"Pennies from Hell\" by Lewis Shiner in \"Wild Cards II: Aces High\", though his presence was earlier implied in \"The Long, Dark Night of Fortunato\" in the first volume of the series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Leader of a cult consisting mainly of superhuman aces and deformed jokers known as the Egyptian Freemasons.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer planned to conquer the world in the aftermath of an invasion by fungoid aliens called the Swarm.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Unknown to him, the Shakti device of the Egyptian Freemasons lacked a power source and was designed to contact an alien organization, the Network.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Organ donation is when a person allows an organ of theirs to be removed, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or after death with the assent of the next of kin.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Donation may be for research, or, more commonly healthy transplantable organs and tissues may be donated to be transplanted into another person.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Common transplantations include: kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin, and corneas.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Some organs and tissues can be donated by living donors, such as a kidney or part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the lungs or part of the intestines, but most donations occur after the donor has died." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ The WHO further states that the well-being of an individual is encompassed in the realization of their abilities, coping with normal stresses of life, productive work and contribution to their community.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how \"mental health\" is defined.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the U.K. surgeon general (1999), mental health is the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ The relationship between induced abortion and mental health is an area of political controversy.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ Abortion is with associated both negative feelings and clinically significant disorders among some women, but similar problems are also associated with carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ Given these two alternatives, the best evidence suggests that a single, first-trimester induced abortion for adult women poses no greater mental-health risks than carrying unwanted pregnancies to term.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ The evidence is less clear in situations such as repeat abortions, and late termination of pregnancy due to foetal abnormality.", "Mental health inequality __knowledge__ Mental health inequality refers to the differences in quality of mental health and mental health care for different identities and populations.", "Mental health inequality __knowledge__ Mental health can be defined as well-being and/or the absence of clinically defined mental illness.", "Mental health inequality __knowledge__ There are economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in mental health status and care.", "Mental health inequality __knowledge__ Inequalities may include presence of mental health, access to mental health care, quality of mental health care, and mental health outcomes between populations with different race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, sex, gender, socioeconomic statuses, education level, and geographic location.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Social undermining __knowledge__ Social undermining is the expression of negative emotions directed towards a particular person or negative evaluations of the person as a way to prevent the person from achieving his or her goals.", "Social undermining __knowledge__ This behavior can often be attributed to certain feelings, such as dislike or anger.", "Social undermining __knowledge__ The negative evaluation of the person may involve criticizing his or her actions, efforts or characteristics.", "Social undermining __knowledge__ Social undermining is seen in relationships between family members, friends, personal relationships and co-workers.", "Social undermining __knowledge__ Social undermining can affect a person's mental health, including an increase in depressive symptoms.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ People in prison are more likely than the general United States population to have received a mental disorder diagnosis, and women in prison have higher rates of mental illness and mental health treatment than do men in prison.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ Furthermore, women in prisons are three times more likely than the general population to report poor physical and mental health.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ Women are the fastest growing demographic of the United States prison population.", "Mental health among female offenders in the United States __knowledge__ As of 2010 there were over 110,000 women incarcerated in state and federal prisons in the United States and women comprised roughly 7% of all inmates in the United States.", "Minority stress __knowledge__ Minority stress describes chronically high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups.", "Minority stress __knowledge__ It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status, but the most well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination.", "Minority stress __knowledge__ Indeed, numerous scientific studies have shown that minority individuals experience a high degree of prejudice, which causes stress responses (e.g., high blood pressure, anxiety) that accrue over time, eventually leading to poor mental and physical health.", "Minority stress __knowledge__ Minority stress theory summarizes these scientific studies to explain how difficult social situations lead to chronic stress and poor health among minority individuals.", "Incarceration in the United States __knowledge__ Incarceration in the United States is one of the main forms of punishment and rehabilitation for the commission of felony and other offenses.", "Incarceration in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the largest prison population in the world, and the second-highest per-capita incarceration rate, behind Seychelles (which in 2014 had a total prison population of 735 out of a population of around 92,000).", "Incarceration in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013 in the US, there were 698 people incarcerated per 100,000 population.", "Incarceration in the United States __knowledge__ This is the U.S. incarceration rate for adults or people tried as adults.", "Incarceration in the United States __knowledge__ According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), 2,220,300 adults were incarcerated in US federal and state prisons, and county jails in 2013 about 0.91% of adults (1 in 110) in the U.S. resident population.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ This article discusses the incarceration of women in prisons within the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ A 2014 International Center for Prison Studies report stated that about 33% of all female prisoners in the world are held in the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ According to a September 2014 study by the \"International Center for Prison Studies,\" nearly a third of all female prisoners worldwide are incarcerated in the United States.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ The total population of females incarcerated in US prisons and jails in 2013 was 213,700 (males 2,492,400) – 9.3% of the total.", "Incarceration of women in the United States __knowledge__ Between 2000 and 2010 the number of males in prison grew by 1.4% per annum, while the number of females grew by 1.9% per annum.", "Solitary confinement __knowledge__ Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which an inmate is isolated from any human contact, often with the exception of members of prison staff, for 22–24 hours a day, with a sentence ranging from days to decades.", "Solitary confinement __knowledge__ It is mostly employed as a form of punishment beyond incarceration for a prisoner, usually for violations of prison regulations.", "Solitary confinement __knowledge__ However, it is also used as an additional measure of protection for vulnerable inmates.", "Solitary confinement __knowledge__ In the case of prisoners at high risk of suicide, it can be used to prevent access to items that could allow the prisoner to self-harm.", "Solitary confinement __knowledge__ Solitary confinement is colloquially referred to in American English as \"the hotbox\", \"the hole\", \"AdSeg\" (administrative segregation), the \"SHU\" (pronounced \"shoe\"), an acronym for \"Special Housing Unit\" or \"Security Housing Unit\", or \"the pound\"; in British English as \"the block\", \"The Segregation Unit\", or \"the cooler\".", "Prison __knowledge__ A prison, also known as a correctional facility, jail, gaol (dated, British English), penitentiary (American English), detention center (American English) or remand center is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state.", "Prison __knowledge__ Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice system: people charged with crimes may be imprisoned until they are brought to trial; those pleading or being found guilty of crimes at trial may be sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment.", "Prison __knowledge__ Besides their use for punishing crimes, jails and prisons are frequently used by authoritarian regimes against perceived opponents.", "Dwight Correctional Center __knowledge__ Dwight Correctional Center (DCC) was established in 1930 as the Oakdale Reformatory for Women.", "Dwight Correctional Center __knowledge__ Over the course of its 83 years the reformatory maintained a commitment to the concept of rehabilitating felons and misdemeanants for positive and productive re-entry into society.", "Dwight Correctional Center __knowledge__ Adaptations were made and experiments conducted as inmate populations and changing conditions required.", "Dwight Correctional Center __knowledge__ The facility was closed in 2013 as the State of Illinois sought to balance its budget.", "Dwight Correctional Center __knowledge__ At that time it was the only maximum security prison for adult females in the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC), inclusive of women on death row until the death penalty was abolished in Illinois in 2011." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental health __knowledge__ The WHO further states that the well-being of an individual is encompassed in the realization of their abilities, coping with normal stresses of life, productive work and contribution to their community.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how \"mental health\" is defined.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the U.K. surgeon general (1999), mental health is the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Orange Order __knowledge__ The Loyal Orange Institution, more commonly known as the Orange Order, is a Protestant fraternal organisation based primarily in Northern Ireland.", "Orange Order __knowledge__ It also has a significant presence in the Scottish Lowlands and lodges throughout the Commonwealth, as well as in the United States and Togo.", "Orange Order __knowledge__ The Orange Order was founded in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict, as a Masonic-style brotherhood sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy.", "Orange Order __knowledge__ It is headed by the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, which was established in 1798.", "Orange Order __knowledge__ Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated the army of Catholic king James II in the Williamite–Jacobite War (16881691).", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, having won the most state primaries, caucuses, and delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ He chose Mike Pence, the sitting Governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence were elected president and vice president of the United States.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump's populist positions in opposition to illegal immigration and various trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, earned him support especially among voters who were male, white, blue-collar and those without college degrees.", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency __knowledge__ The first 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency began on January 20, 2017, the day Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States.", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency __knowledge__ The first 100 days of a presidential term took on symbolic significance during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term in office, and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president.", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency __knowledge__ The 100th day of his presidency was April 29, 2017.", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency __knowledge__ Trump first announced his plan for the first hundred days of his presidency in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on October 23, 2016, before the election.", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency __knowledge__ One of Trump's major accomplishments, made as part of a \"100-day pledge\", was the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Environment and intelligence research investigates the impact of environment on intelligence.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ This is one of the most important factors in understanding human group differences in IQ test scores and other measures of cognitive ability.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ It is estimated that genes contribute about 20–40% of the variance in intelligence in childhood and about 80% in old age.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Thus the environment and its interaction with genes account for a high proportion of the variation in intelligence seen in groups of young children, and for a small proportion of the variation observed in groups of mature adults.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Historically, there has been great interest in the field of intelligence research to determine environmental influences on the development of cognitive functioning, in particular, fluid intelligence, as defined by its stabilization at 16 years of age.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Cognitive epidemiology is a field of research that examines the associations between intelligence test scores (IQ scores or extracted \"g\"-factors) and health, more specifically morbidity (mental and physical) and mortality.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Typically, test scores are obtained at an early age, and compared to later morbidity and mortality.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ In addition to exploring and establishing these associations, cognitive epidemiology seeks to understand causal relationships between intelligence and health outcomes.", "Cognitive epidemiology __knowledge__ Researchers in the field argue that intelligence measured at an early age is an important predictor of later health and mortality differences.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ While tests have broadly shown differences in average scores based on self-identified race or ethnicity, there is considerable debate as to whether and to what extent those differences reflect environmental factors as opposed to genetic ones, as well as to the definitions of what \"race\" and \"intelligence\" are, and whether they can be objectively defined at all.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ Currently, there is no non-circumstantial evidence that these differences in test scores have a genetic component, although some researchers believe that the existing circumstantial evidence makes it at least plausible that hard evidence for a genetic component will eventually be found." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 19, 1, 11 ]

[ "I agree. The level of psychological well being of people is of utmost importance. Without a healthy brain people make terrible choices.", "And according the WHO the well-being of someone is based off of their realization of their abilities. A healthy brain is also needed to have that realization.", "Well I know one effect of poor mental health is the statistics related to how many people are in prisons. As of 2010 there were over 100,000 women in prison.", "I think studies show that it depends on wether or not the woman are man has been subject to the ramblings and incoherent nonsense of Donald Trump. If so, scientists have proven that the longer a person listens, the further their IQ decreases and thus mental illness ensues.", "I'm sorry I mean \"women or men...\". But I agree. That's why I stay away from social media as well. I feel like I can't even get my comedy without it leeching into politics." ]

[ "Mental health", "Mental health", "Mental health", "Mental health", "Mental health" ]

[ "Rock music", "I love Hard Rock and Punk Music. What's your favorite band? ", "Old school I like it. Do you like Iggy Pop he was popular around the same time." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1970s.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ In North America, Europe, and Oceania, the decade saw the rise of disco, which became one of the biggest genres of the decade, especially in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ In Europe, a variant known as Euro disco rose in popularity towards the end of the 1970s.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ Aside from disco, funk, smooth jazz, jazz fusion, and soul remained popular throughout the decade.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ It is this influx of popular music that soon transformed into rock and roll during the Early 1970s.", "1970s in music __knowledge__ Rock music played an important part in the Western musical scene, with punk rock thriving throughout the mid to late 1970s.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ Alan Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as \"a knee-jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)'.\"", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; \"jeipoppu\"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Joan Jett (born Joan Marie Larkin, September 22, 1958) is an American rock singer, songwriter, composer, musician, record producer and occasional actress.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ She is best known for her work as the frontwoman of her band, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, preceded by success with the Runaways, including the hit song \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ The Blackhearts' song \"I Love Rock 'n Roll\" was number-one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1, 1982.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Her other popular recordings include \"Bad Reputation\", \"Crimson and Clover\", \"Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)\", \"Light of Day\", \"I Hate Myself for Loving You\" and \"Dirty Deeds\".", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Iggy Pop __knowledge__ James Newell Osterberg Jr. (born April 21, 1947), known professionally by his stage name Iggy Pop (), and designated the \"Godfather of Punk,\" is an American singer, songwriter, musician, producer and actor.", "Iggy Pop __knowledge__ He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band the Stooges, who reunited in 2003, and is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics.", "Iggy Pop __knowledge__ Pop's music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of his career, including garage rock, punk rock, hard rock, art rock, new wave, jazz and blues.", "Iggy Pop __knowledge__ Though his popularity has fluctuated through the years, many of Pop's songs have become well-known, including \"Search and Destroy\" and \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" by the Stooges, and his solo hits \"Lust for Life\", \"The Passenger\", and \"Real Wild Child (Wild One)\".", "David Bowie __knowledge__ David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (), was an English singer, songwriter and actor.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ He was a leading figure in popular music for over five decades, acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million albums worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums.", "The Stooges __knowledge__ The Stooges, also known as Iggy and the Stooges, were an American rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander.", "The Stooges __knowledge__ Playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by frontman Iggy Pop.", "The Stooges __knowledge__ After releasing two albums—\"The Stooges\" (1969) and \"Fun House\" (1970)—the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release \"Raw Power\" (1973) before breaking up again in 1974.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Warrior (Kesha album) __knowledge__ Writing for \"Warrior\" began in late 2011 and ended in early 2012, with recording taking place from January through August 2012.", "Warrior (Kesha album) __knowledge__ Kesha wrote the majority of the album while touring internationally and during her spiritual journey.", "Warrior (Kesha album) __knowledge__ Contributions to the album's production came from longtime collaborators Dr. Luke (who was also the executive producer of the project), Max Martin, Shellback, Ammo and Benny Blanco.", "Warrior (Kesha album) __knowledge__ It features guest vocals from American rock singer Iggy Pop, who has been cited as a major influence on the album, as well as writing contributions from Nate Ruess from American indie rock trio Fun, American rapper will.i.am, singer-songwriter Bonnie McKee, The Black Keys drummer Patrick Carney, American rock bands The Strokes and The Flaming Lips and Kesha's own mother, Pebe Sebert.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ AXA UK plc is part of the AXA group of companies.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ Its subsidiaries include AXA Insurance, Swiftcover, AXA Commercial and Personal Intermediaries, AXA PPP healthcare, SunLife, AXA Investment Managers and AXA Wealth.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ The company was formerly known as Sun Life & Provincial Holdings plc and changed its name to AXA UK plc in September 2000.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ The company was incorporated in 1994 and is based in London, United Kingdom.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ AXA UK plc operates as a subsidiary of AXA Group.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ Paul Evans was appointed as Chief Executive Officer in October 2010.", "AXA UK __knowledge__ He became Chairman of the Association of British Insurers in October 2014.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the characters from the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\".", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ It consists of main, secondary, minor, and one-off characters.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ Iggy Arbuckle, voiced by Jonathan Wilson, is the title character of the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\", and the show's main protagonist.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is a white pig with large, aquamarine eyes, who wears a green forest ranger's uniform and a hat which has a ranger's badge on it.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is the keeper of the Kookamunga.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He has vast knowledge of the wilderness, and is in charge of making sure everything goes in proper order.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ However, in \"A Whale of a Tale\", Sir Percy Nibblemore reveals that Iggy only has authority over what goes on on dry land.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Joan Jett (born Joan Marie Larkin, September 22, 1958) is an American rock singer, songwriter, composer, musician, record producer and occasional actress.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ She is best known for her work as the frontwoman of her band, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, preceded by success with the Runaways, including the hit song \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ The Blackhearts' song \"I Love Rock 'n Roll\" was number-one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1, 1982.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Her other popular recordings include \"Bad Reputation\", \"Crimson and Clover\", \"Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)\", \"Light of Day\", \"I Hate Myself for Loving You\" and \"Dirty Deeds\".", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ Alan Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as \"a knee-jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)'.\"", "The Runaways (film) __knowledge__ The Runaways is a 2010 American biographical drama film about the 1970s rock band of the same name written and directed by Floria Sigismondi.", "The Runaways (film) __knowledge__ It is based on the book \"Neon Angel: A Memoir of a Runaway\" by the band's original lead vocalist Cherie Currie.", "The Runaways (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Dakota Fanning as Currie, Kristen Stewart as rhythm guitarist and vocalist Joan Jett, and Michael Shannon as record producer Kim Fowley.", "The Runaways (film) __knowledge__ \"The Runaways\" depicts the formation of the band in 1975 and focuses on the relationship between Currie and Jett until Currie's departure from the band.", "The Runaways (film) __knowledge__ The film grossed about $4.7 million worldwide and received generally favorable reviews from critics.", "Bad Reputation (Joan Jett album) __knowledge__ Bad Reputation is the debut solo studio album by American recording artist Joan Jett, originally self-released in 1980 as Joan Jett after her previous band The Runaways disbanded, then re-issued on Boardwalk Records in 1981 as \"Bad Reputation\".", "Bad Reputation (Joan Jett album) __knowledge__ Record producer Kenny Laguna financed the album's recording sessions using borrowed studio credits.", "Bad Reputation (Joan Jett album) __knowledge__ Recorded before Joan Jett formed The Blackhearts, the majority of the album featured Jett backed by members of the Roll-Ups, with Lea Hart on guitar, Jeff Peters on bass and Paul Simmons on drums.", "Bad Reputation (Joan Jett album) __knowledge__ Other tracks include well known musicians, such as the Sex Pistols' Steve Jones and Paul Cook, and Blondie's Clem Burke and Frank Infante.", "Jett James __knowledge__ Jett Palmer (also James) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Will McDonald.", "Jett James __knowledge__ The actor received a request through his agent to audition for the role of Jett.", "Jett James __knowledge__ After two weeks, he was shocked to learn that he had won the part.", "Jett James __knowledge__ \"Home and Away\" marks McDonald's first television role.", "Jett James __knowledge__ He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 May 2012.", "Jett James __knowledge__ In May 2015, it was announced that McDonald was to leave \"Home and Away\" after three years and Jett departed on 1 July 2015.", "Jett James __knowledge__ He later returned for a guest appearance in November 2015, and returned again in May 2017.", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ The Dollyrots is an American pop punk band composed of Kelly Ogden (bass, vocals) and Luis Cabezas (guitar, vocals).", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ They have released six studio albums and are currently under their own label, Arrested Youth Records.", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ In July 2013, Cabezas and Ogden announced they were expecting their first child.", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ Their son River Ogden Cabezas was born on November 25, 2013.", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ They have played almost 1,000 live shows throughout their career, and have released albums under Panic Button/Lookout!", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ Records, Joan Jett's Blackheart Records, and their own label.", "The Dollyrots __knowledge__ Their most recent album \"Family Vacation: Live in Los Angeles\" achieved a #15 chart debut on Billboard Magazine's Heatseekers Chart, which follows a #7 chart position for their 2014 LP \"Barefoot and Pregnant\".", "Queens of Noise __knowledge__ Queens of Noise is the second studio album by the American rock band The Runaways.", "Queens of Noise __knowledge__ Released in January 1977 on Mercury Records, it is fundamentally a hard rock album, although it also exhibits influences from punk rock, heavy metal, glam rock, and blues rock.", "Queens of Noise __knowledge__ While the album features a range of different tempos, most of it consists of the \"heavy\" guitar-driven tracks that have come to be seen as The Runaways' signature sound, although it also features two noticeably softer songs that have sometimes been described as early power ballads.", "Queens of Noise __knowledge__ While stylistically similar to the band's self-titled debut album \"The Runaways\", \"Queens of Noise\" features greater emphases on volume and musical sophistication." ] ]

[ 1, 48, 8 ]

[ "I love rock music, it is my favorite genre.", "I love Joan Jett.", "Iggy Pop was the godfather of Punk. Of course I liked him." ]

[ "Rock music", "Rock music", "Rock music" ]

[ "Ballet", "I do not like ballet. I think it is boring.", "Yes it does. I know a lot of people enjoy it too", "I prefer watching hip hop or jazz dancing." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ Sa Ngalan ng Diyos (\"In the Name of God\") is a Tagalog-language novel written in 1911 by Filipino author Faustino Aguilar.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ Controversially, it illustrated how greedy Jesuit priests schemed, manipulated, and took advantage of Carmen, a young, naive, pious, and affluent heiress.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ The 191-page book was published in Manila by the Limbagan at Aklatan Ni I.R.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ Morales (Printing Press and Library of I.R.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ Morales) during the American period in Philippine history (1898–1946).", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ In the narrative, Jesuit priests used their religious authority and influence on Carmen to gain access to her wealth.", "Sa Ngalan ng Diyos __knowledge__ Included in these plans and machinations was the destruction of the ongoing relationship between Carmen and Mr. Roland.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ Michael Kidd (August 12, 1915 – December 23, 2007) was an American film and stage choreographer, dancer and actor, whose career spanned five decades, and staged some of the leading Broadway and film musicals of the 1940s and 1950s.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ Kidd, who was strongly influenced by Charlie Chaplin and Léonide Massine, was an innovator in what came to be known as the \"integrated musical\", in which dance movements are integral to the plot.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ He was probably best known for his athletic dance numbers in \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\", a 1954 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical, and for choreographing Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse in the \"Girl Hunt Ballet\" and \"Dancing in the Dark\" numbers in the 1953 musical film \"The Band Wagon\".", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ In mathematics, a Mahlo cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number.", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ Mahlo cardinals were first described by .", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ As with all large cardinals, none of these varieties of Mahlo cardinals can be proved to exist by ZFC (assuming ZFC is consistent).", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ A cardinal number κ is called \"strongly Mahlo\" if κ is strongly inaccessible and the set U = {λ < κ: λ is strongly inaccessible} is stationary in κ.", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ A cardinal κ is called \"weakly Mahlo\" if κ is weakly inaccessible and the set of weakly inaccessible cardinals less than κ is stationary in κ.", "Mahlo cardinal __knowledge__ The term \"Mahlo cardinal\" now usually means \"strongly Mahlo cardinal\", though the cardinals originally considered by Mahlo were weakly Mahlo cardinals.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ Edwin Garrigues (Gary) Boring (23 October 1886 – 1 July 1968) was an American experimental psychologist, Professor of Psychology at Clark University and at Harvard University, who later became one of the first historians of psychology.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ A \"Review of General Psychology\" survey, published in 2002, ranked Boring as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century, tied with John Dewey, Amos Tversky, and Wilhelm Wundt.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ Boring was born on October 23, 1886 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and grew up in a Quaker family interested in science.", "Edwin Boring __knowledge__ His elder sister was the zoologist, Alice Middleton Boring.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Babek (ballet) __knowledge__ Babek ()– is a heroic Spartacus like ballet in two acts, based on the story of the people’s liberation struggle against Abbasid Caliphate under the leadership of Babak Khorramdin.", "Babek (ballet) __knowledge__ Akshin Alizadeh composed the music and the prominent Azeri choreographers of the Soviet era Rafiga Akhundova and Maksud Mamedov choreographed the ballet for Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater (National Ballet of Azerbaijan) in 1986.", "Babek (ballet) __knowledge__ The ballet creation narrates the story of the brave Iranian and Azerbaijanian national hero, Babak Khorramdin, who in the 9th century led the rebellion against foreign occupying forces and local feudal lords in Iran.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement.", "Dance __knowledge__ This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.", "Dance __knowledge__ An important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance, although these two categories are not always completely separate; both may have special functions, whether social, ceremonial, competitive, erotic, martial, or sacred/liturgical.", "Women in dance __knowledge__ The important place of women in dance can be traced back to the very origins of civilization.", "Women in dance __knowledge__ Cave paintings, Egyptian frescos, Indian statuettes, ancient Greek and Roman art and records of court traditions in China and Japan all testify to the important role women played in ritual and religious dancing from the start.", "Women in dance __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, what has become known as ballet had its beginnings in Italian court festivals when women frequently played the parts of men.", "Women in dance __knowledge__ It was however in late 17th-century France that the Paris Opera produced the first celebrated ballerinas.", "Women in dance __knowledge__ While women began to dominate the ballet scene in the 18th century, it was with the advent of Romantic ballet in the 19th century that they became the undisputed centre of attraction with stars playing the leading roles in the works of Marius Petipa, appearing in theatres across Europe from Milan's La Scala to the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet spread from Italy to France with the help of Catherine de' Medici, where ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ An early example of Catherine's development of ballet is through 'Le Paradis d' Amour', a piece of work presented at her daughter's wedding, Marguerite de Valois to Henry of Navarre.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Aristocratic money was responsible for the initial stages of development in 'court ballet', as it was royal money that dictated the ideas, literature and music used in ballets that were created to primarily entertain the aristocrats of the time.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "Royal ballet of Cambodia __knowledge__ The Royal ballet of Cambodia () is a form of performing arts established in the royal courts of Cambodia for the purpose of entertainment as well as ceremonial propitiation.", "Royal ballet of Cambodia __knowledge__ It is the dominant genre of dance theatre in Cambodia that features the classical dance style () It is performed during public occasions and ceremonies in Cambodia as well as among Cambodians in other countries.", "Royal ballet of Cambodia __knowledge__ Performances entails elaborately dressed dancers performing a slow and figurative set of gestures and poses meant to entrance the viewer.", "Royal ballet of Cambodia __knowledge__ The repertoire includes dances of tribute or invocation and the enactment of traditional stories and epic poems such as the Ramayana.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ Early Netherlandish painting is the work of artists, sometimes known as the Flemish Primitives, active in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance; especially in the flourishing cities of Bruges, Ghent, Mechelen, Louvain, Tournai and Brussels, all in contemporary Belgium.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ Their work follows the International Gothic style and begins approximately with Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck in the early 1420s.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ It lasts at least until the death of Gerard David in 1523, although many scholars extend it to the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568 (Max J. Friedländer's acclaimed surveys run through Pieter Bruegel the Elder)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ Why Horror?", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ is a 2014 Canadian documentary by filmmakers Nicolas Kleiman and Rob Lindsay.", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ A work-in-progress draft of the film was screened in August 2014 at the Fantasia Festival and the official final version was screened on 3 October 2014 at the Feratum Film Festival.", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ The documentary explores the psychology of the reasons why people enjoy the horror genre and includes interviews by several well-known horror icons.", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ Funding for the film was partially raised by a successful Kickstarter campaign.", "Why Horror? __knowledge__ The documentary follows horror movie fan and journalist Tal Zimerman as he tries to look at the reasons why people enjoy the horror genre.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Steve McDonald (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ Steven James \"Steve\" McDonald is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Simon Gregson.", "Steve McDonald (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 6 December 1989.", "Steve McDonald (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ He arrived as part of the McDonald family introduced by producer Mervyn Watson along with his twin brother Andy (Nicholas Cochrane) and parents Liz (Beverley Callard) and Jim McDonald (Charles Lawson).", "Steve McDonald (Coronation Street) __knowledge__ Steve's storylines include his many marriages to Vicky Arden (Chloe Newsome), Karen Phillips (Suranne Jones) twice, Becky Granger (Katherine Kelly), Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford) and Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh), as well as Tracy giving birth to his daughter Amy (Elle Mulvaney) and also depression.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa is considered to be one of the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Petipa is noted for his long career as \"Premier maître de ballet\" (\"First Ballet Master\") of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, making him Ballet Master and principal choreographer of the Imperial Ballet (precursor of the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet), a position he held from 1871 until 1903.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa created over fifty ballets, some of which have survived in versions either faithful to, inspired by, or reconstructed from the original.", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" is a song from American singer Beyoncé's third studio album, \"I Am... Sasha Fierce\" (2008).", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Single Ladies\" as a single on October 13, 2008 as a Double A-side alongside \"If I Were a Boy\", showcasing the contrast between Beyoncé and her aggressive onstage alter ego Sasha Fierce.", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ It explores men's unwillingness to propose or commit.", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ In the song, the female protagonist is in a club to celebrate her single status.", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ \"Single Ladies\" won three Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year, among other accolades.", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) __knowledge__ Several news media sources named it as one of the best songs of 2008, while some considered it one of the best songs of the decade.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ The Rite of Spring (; ) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ It was written for the 1913 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company; the original choreography was by Vaslav Nijinsky, with stage designs and costumes by Nicholas Roerich.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ When first performed, at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on 29 May 1913, the avant-garde nature of the music and choreography caused a sensation and a near-riot in the audience.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ Although designed as a work for the stage, with specific passages accompanying characters and action, the music achieved equal if not greater recognition as a concert piece and is widely considered to be one of the most influential musical works of the 20th century.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ Although the original 1892 Marius Petipa production was not a success, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet \"The Nutcracker\" began to slowly enjoy worldwide popularity after Balanchine first staged his production of it in 1954.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ It may now be the most popular ballet in the world.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ In Russia, choreographer Alexander Gorsky staged a new version of the work in 1919 that addressed many of the criticisms of the original 1892 production by casting adult dancers in the roles of Clara and the Prince, rather than children.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ This not only introduced a love interest into the story by making Clara and the Prince adults, but provided the dancers portraying Clara and the Prince with more of an opportunity to participate in the dancing.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Colorado Ballet encompasses a 31-member professional performing ballet company, a studio company for advanced dance students, an Academy, and an education and outreach department.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Based in downtown Denver, Colorado, Colorado Ballet serves more than 125,000 patrons each year.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ The professional company performs primarily at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House in the Denver Performing Arts Complex and one show each year at the Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts at the University of Denver.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Colorado Ballet performs classical ballets and contemporary works.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ The Colorado Ballet Orchestra performs with the Company at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House, either at three or four productions a year.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Tabitha A.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ D'umo (née Cortopassi; born September 11, 1973) and Napoleon Buddy D'umo (born October 17, 1968), known together as Nappytabs, are Emmy Award-winning married choreographers who are often credited with developing \"lyrical\" hip-hop.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They are best known for their choreography on the television show \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and for being supervising choreographers and executive producers of \"America's Best Dance Crew\".", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Since being with the former, their choreography has received both praise and criticism.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They own Nappytabs urban dancewear and have been working in the dance industry since 1996." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ During the 1980s hip hop culture in Cuba was mainly centred on breakdancing.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ But by the 1990s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the Special Period, young \"raperos\" were seeking ways to express their frustrations.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Initially hip hop was viewed with suspicion, not just by the government, but by many in the community as well.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ With raperos emulating US rappers' aggressive posturing and lyrical content, hip hop was seen as just another cultural invasion from the US, bringing with it the violence and problems of the ghettos.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Japanese hip hop (also known as J-rap, J-hip hop or J-hop) is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing hip hop records in the early 1980s.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Japanese hip hop generally tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop, taking from the era's catchy beats, dance culture, and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ As a result, hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan, and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Although rather informal and small scale, the early days of Japanese hip-hop provide the history for the emergence of the cultural movement.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ A ballet dancer ( fem., ballerino masc.)", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ is a person who practices the art of classical ballet.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ Both females and males can practice ballet; however, dancers have hierarchy and strict gender roles.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of professional companies.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ Ballet dancers typically begin training between the ages of 2-4 (for females) or 5-7 (for male dancers) if they desire to perform professionally.", "Ballet dancer __knowledge__ Training does not end when ballet dancers are hired by a professional company.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet spread from Italy to France with the help of Catherine de' Medici, where ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ An early example of Catherine's development of ballet is through 'Le Paradis d' Amour', a piece of work presented at her daughter's wedding, Marguerite de Valois to Henry of Navarre.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Aristocratic money was responsible for the initial stages of development in 'court ballet', as it was royal money that dictated the ideas, literature and music used in ballets that were created to primarily entertain the aristocrats of the time.", "Boris Volkoff __knowledge__ Boris Vladimirovich Volkoff, OC (born Boris Vladimirovich Baskakoff; April 24, 1900 – March 11, 1974) was a Canadian-Russian ballet dancer, director, choreographer and ballet master.", "Boris Volkoff __knowledge__ After studying dance in Warsaw and Moscow he defected from Russia and eventually settled in Toronto.", "Boris Volkoff __knowledge__ He created the Boris Volkoff School of Dance which trained ballet dancers, and the Boris Volkoff Ballet Company which is arguably considered the first ballet company in Canada.", "Boris Volkoff __knowledge__ He gave his dancers and studio to the National Ballet of Canada to raise the profile of Canadian ballet.", "Boris Volkoff __knowledge__ He regretted this decision and attempted to revive his company which ended in failure.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ Michael Kidd (August 12, 1915 – December 23, 2007) was an American film and stage choreographer, dancer and actor, whose career spanned five decades, and staged some of the leading Broadway and film musicals of the 1940s and 1950s.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ Kidd, who was strongly influenced by Charlie Chaplin and Léonide Massine, was an innovator in what came to be known as the \"integrated musical\", in which dance movements are integral to the plot.", "Michael Kidd __knowledge__ He was probably best known for his athletic dance numbers in \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\", a 1954 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical, and for choreographing Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse in the \"Girl Hunt Ballet\" and \"Dancing in the Dark\" numbers in the 1953 musical film \"The Band Wagon\".", "Ninette de Valois __knowledge__ Dame Ninette de Valois (6 June 18988 March 2001) was an Anglo-Irish dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director of classical ballet.", "Ninette de Valois __knowledge__ She began life in Ireland as Edris Stannus.", "Ninette de Valois __knowledge__ Most notably, she danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, later establishing the Royal Ballet, one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and still one of the leading ballet companies in the world.", "Ninette de Valois __knowledge__ She also established the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the Royal Ballet School.", "Ninette de Valois __knowledge__ She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the \"godmother\" of English and Irish ballet." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 8, 10 ]

[ "Ballet is a type of dance that goes back to the 15th century.", "A ballet actually refers to both the dance choreography and the music for the production.", "Yeah they are choreographed and performed by really trained ballet dancers.", "Oh you mean the subculture that developed in the Bronx during the 70s?" ]

[ "Ballet", "Ballet", "Ballet", "Ballet" ]

[ "New York City", "Yes! I drove through Times Square..Haven't got to walk around much though! I'd love to go in the Statue of Liberty! What about you?", "Neat! Where in NYC did you go? Do you recommend anything there?", "It is! There are a lot of businesses located in New York! I want to visit the Freedom Tower." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Times Square __knowledge__ Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center and neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.", "Times Square __knowledge__ It stretches from West 42nd to West 47th Streets.", "Times Square __knowledge__ Brightly adorned with billboards and advertisements, Times Square is sometimes referred to as \"The Crossroads of the World\", \"The Center of the Universe\", \"the heart of The Great White Way\", and the \"heart of the world\".", "Times Square __knowledge__ One of the world's busiest pedestrian areas, it is also the hub of the Broadway Theater District and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ People who walk across Australia can walk from either of the geographical extremes of the continent, or from directly opposed cities on opposite shores.", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ The western-most geographical extreme of Australia is Steep Point, whereas the eastern-most extreme is Cape Byron.", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ Similarly, the northern-most geographical extreme is Cape York Peninsula, and the southern-most is the South East Cape.", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ The distance between the east and west as the crow flies is , or from north to south*.", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ The western-most capital city in Australia is Perth, and the eastern-most capital city is Brisbane.", "List of people who have walked across Australia __knowledge__ The northern-most city is Darwin, and the southern to the southern-most city is Hobart.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (−0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver (, ) is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fourth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census.", "Jersey City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Jersey City is the second-most-populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark.", "Jersey City, New Jersey __knowledge__ It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the county's largest city.", "Jersey City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of 2016, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that Jersey City's population was 264,152, with the largest population increase of any municipality in New Jersey since 2010, an increase of about 6.7% from the 2010 United States Census, when the city's population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 77th-largest in the nation.", "Jersey City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ The United States Constitution was written in 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ The old Congress set the rules the new government followed in terms of writing and ratifying the new constitution.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ After ratification in eleven states, in 1789 its elected officers of government assembled in New York City, replacing the Articles of Confederation government.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ The original Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ The meaning of the Constitution is interpreted and extended by judicial review in the federal courts.", "History of the United States Constitution __knowledge__ The original parchment copies are on display at the National Archives Building.", "New York Central Railroad __knowledge__ The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States.", "New York Central Railroad __knowledge__ Headquartered in New York City, the railroad served most of the Northeast, including extensive trackage in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Massachusetts and West Virginia plus additional trackage in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.", "New York Central Railroad __knowledge__ The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the midwest along with the intermediate cities of Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Detroit.", "New York Central Railroad __knowledge__ The NYC's Grand Central Terminal in New York City is one of its best known extant landmarks.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ Van der Graaf Generator are an English progressive rock band, formed in 1967 in Manchester by singer-songwriters Peter Hammill and Chris Judge Smith and the first act signed by Charisma Records.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ They did not experience much commercial success in the UK, but became popular in Italy during the 1970s.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ In 2005 the band reformed, and continue to perform as of 2017.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ The band formed at Manchester University, but settled in London where they signed with Charisma.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ They went through a number of incarnations in their early years, including a brief split in 1969.", "Van der Graaf Generator __knowledge__ When they reformed, they found minor commercial success with \"The Least We Can Do Is Wave to Each Other\" (February 1970), and after the follow-up album, \"H to He, Who Am the Only One\" (December 1970), stabilised around a line-up of Hammill, organist Hugh Banton, saxophonist David Jackson, and drummer Guy Evans.", "NYC Ferry __knowledge__ NYC Ferry (originally called Citywide Ferry Service) is a network of ferry routes in New York City operated by Hornblower Cruises.", "NYC Ferry __knowledge__ , there are four routes connecting 17 ferry piers in Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.", "NYC Ferry __knowledge__ NYC Ferry has a total of 23 vessels, providing half-hourly to hourly service on each of the routes.", "NYC Ferry __knowledge__ Prior to NYC Ferry, there had been many ferries that traversed the East River and Hudson River, although by the 1960s, almost all ferry services citywide had been discontinued due to the popularity of road and rail transit across the rivers.", "NYC Ferry __knowledge__ Ferries in New York City saw a revival in the 1980s and 1990s.", "George Porteous __knowledge__ George Porteous, CM, MBE (April 7, 1903 – February 6, 1978) was the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan, Canada from 1976 to 1978.", "George Porteous __knowledge__ George Porteous was born in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland on 7 April 1903.", "George Porteous __knowledge__ His family emigrated to Canada in 1910 and he attended secondary school in Saskatoon, going on to the University of Saskatchewan, where he was awarded BA in 1927.", "George Porteous __knowledge__ He began working for the YMCA as boys’ work secretary in Saskatoon in 1922, later becoming an Army physical education instructor.", "George Porteous __knowledge__ At the outbreak of World War II he went with the 1st Canadian Division to England as a YMCA Auxiliary Service officer, returning later on to Canada to train others.", "A Kestrel for a Knave __knowledge__ A Kestrel for a Knave is a novel by English author Barry Hines, published in 1968.", "A Kestrel for a Knave __knowledge__ It is set in a mining area (only ever referred to as \"the City\") and tells of Billy Casper, a young working class boy troubled at home and at school, who only finds solace when he finds and trains a kestrel whom he names \"Kes\".", "A Kestrel for a Knave __knowledge__ The book was made into a film \"Kes\" and is often used in Key Stage 4 assessment in the United Kingdom, as part of GCSE English courses.", "A Kestrel for a Knave __knowledge__ The book is so named because of a poem found in the \"Book of Saint Albans\".", "A Kestrel for a Knave __knowledge__ In medieval England, the only bird a knave was legally allowed to keep was a kestrel.", "Woodward Gallery __knowledge__ The Woodward Gallery is a contemporary fine art gallery that opened in April 1994 under the incorporation G.O.L.A, Inc. (Gallery of Living Artists).", "Woodward Gallery __knowledge__ The inaugural exhibition was held in Times Square at the Roundabout Theatre Company.", "Woodward Gallery __knowledge__ Their gallery space started in New York City at 419 Lafayette Street and moved to SoHo at 476 Broome Street.", "Woodward Gallery __knowledge__ Woodward Gallery moved to the private building at 133 Eldridge Street in May 2007 on the Lower East Side of New York City.", "Woodward Gallery __knowledge__ Woodward Gallery relocated to their current ground floor space ten years later at 132A Eldridge Street between Broome and Delancey and is open to the public by private appointment only.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (−0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 677,983, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 6.9% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Manila __knowledge__ Manila (; , or , ), officially the City of Manila ( , ), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.", "Manila __knowledge__ It was the first chartered City by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No.", "Manila __knowledge__ 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949.", "Manila __knowledge__ It is home to many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and light rail transit system (1984; also considered as the first LRT system in Southeast Asia)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "World Trade Center (2001–present) __knowledge__ The World Trade Center is a partially completed complex of buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, U.S., replacing the original seven World Trade Center buildings on the same site that were damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks.", "World Trade Center (2001–present) __knowledge__ The site is being rebuilt with five new skyscrapers, a memorial and museum to those killed in the attacks, and a transportation hub.", "World Trade Center (2001–present) __knowledge__ One World Trade Center, the tallest building in the United States and the Western Hemisphere, is the lead building for the new complex, reaching more than 100 stories upon its completion in November 2014.", "World Trade Center (2001–present) __knowledge__ The original World Trade Center featured the landmark Twin Towers, which opened in 1973, and were the tallest buildings in the world at their completion.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ The Freedom Tower () is a building in Miami, Florida, designed by Schultze and Weaver.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ It is currently used as a contemporary art museum and a central office to different disciplines in the arts associated with Miami Dade College.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ It is located at 600 Biscayne Boulevard on the Wolfson Campus of Miami Dade College.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ On September 10, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark on October 6, 2008, for its role in hosting services for processing Cubans fleeing to Florida.", "Freedom Tower (Miami) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of \"Florida Architecture: 100 Years.", "One World Trade Center __knowledge__ One World Trade Center (also known as 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City.", "One World Trade Center __knowledge__ It is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth-tallest in the world.", "One World Trade Center __knowledge__ The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.", "One World Trade Center __knowledge__ The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the World Trade Center site, on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center.", "One World Trade Center __knowledge__ The building is bounded by West Street to the west, Vesey Street to the north, Fulton Street to the south, and Washington Street to the east.", "Freedom Tower Silver Dollar __knowledge__ The Freedom Tower Silver Dollar is a \"one dollar\" coin minted under license of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in 2004, although the CNMI does not have legal authority to issue or authorize currency.", "Freedom Tower Silver Dollar __knowledge__ Despite vague statements in advertisements, it is not issued by the United States Mint and is not considered legal tender, nor is it considered non-circulating legal tender.", "Freedom Tower Silver Dollar __knowledge__ The CNMI receives royalty fees from proceeds of the sale of the coin.", "Freedom Tower Silver Dollar __knowledge__ The coin is actually minted by SoftSky, a Wyoming commemorative coin maker.", "Freedom Tower Silver Dollar __knowledge__ The obverse of the coin features a rendered image of the original design proposal for the Freedom Tower by Daniel Libeskind that was to be built on the former site of the World Trade Center in New York City.", "Twin Towers 2 __knowledge__ The Twin Towers II (also known as Twin Towers 2, New Twin Towers, Trump Twin Towers and World Trade Center Phoenix) was a proposed twin-towered supertall skyscraper complex which would have been located at the World Trade Center site in Manhattan, New York City.", "Twin Towers 2 __knowledge__ The proposed complex would have replaced the former Twin Towers of the World Trade Center destroyed in the September 11 attacks, restoring the skyline of the city to its former state.", "Twin Towers 2 __knowledge__ The main design for the proposed complex would feature new landmark twin towers, nearly identical to the originals designed by Minoru Yamasaki, though it would feature 115 stories—5 floors taller than the originals, among other differences.", "World Trade Center site __knowledge__ The World Trade Center site, formerly known as \"Ground Zero\" after the September 11 attacks, is a 14.6-acre (5.9 ha) area in Lower Manhattan in New York City.", "World Trade Center site __knowledge__ The previous World Trade Center complex stood on the site until it was destroyed in the September 11 attacks.", "World Trade Center site __knowledge__ The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), Silverstein Properties, and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) oversee the reconstruction of the site according to a master plan by Studio Daniel Libeskind.", "World Trade Center site __knowledge__ The site is bounded by Vesey Street to the north, the West Side Highway to the west, Liberty Street to the south, and Church Street to the east.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ Freedom Tower (also called the St. Regis Hotel Tower) is a skyscraper located in front of the Diana Fountain roundabout at Paseo de la Reforma 439, Colonia, Cuauhtémoc, Delegación Cuauhtémoc in Mexico City.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ Its construction began in November 2004 and completed in January 2008.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ The tower started operating in June of that same year.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ The building has a commercial area on the third floor, and a seven-level underground parking garage with a capacity for 2,000 cars.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ As of 2010, the Freedom Tower was the second tallest building in Paseo de la Reforma and the ninth tallest in Mexico City.", "The St. Regis Mexico City __knowledge__ The tower consists of a hotel and various luxury residences.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Brooklyn __knowledge__ Brooklyn () is the most populous borough of New York City, with a census-estimated 2,629,150 residents in 2016.", "Brooklyn __knowledge__ It borders the borough of Queens at the southwestern end in the same Long Island, and has several bridge connections to the nearby boroughs of Staten Island and Manhattan.", "Brooklyn __knowledge__ Since 1896, the borough has been coterminous with Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after the county of New York (which is coextensive with the borough of Manhattan).", "Brooklyn __knowledge__ With a land area of and water area of , Kings County is New York's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area, though it is the second-largest among the city's five boroughs.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The culture of New York City is reflected in its size and ethnic diversity.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Many American cultural movements first emerged in the city.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American renaissance in the United States.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Large numbers of Italian Americans and Jews emigrated to New York throughout the twentieth century, significantly influencing the culture and image of New York City.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ American modern dance developed in New York in the early 20th century.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The city was the top venue for jazz in the 1940s, expressionism in the 1950s and home to hip hop, punk rock, and the Beat Generation.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York is an important center for music, film, theater, dance and visual art." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8 ]

[ "Have you ever been to New York City? It is the most populated city in the USA.", "I have been to New York City many times for work. It is also the most densely populated city in the USA. ", "I love Brooklyn in New York City. New York City has something for everyone. Its a center for financial, cultural, technology, and sports.", "Ive been there. It is in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The other boroughs are Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island." ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "Ketogenic diet\nI like the Ketogenic diet, I eat a lot of meat.", "You bet! Rhubarb is a main one which I have a huge patch of. ", "Yes, other diets actually try to burn carbs instead of actual fat. ", "Most carbs, no. I do have a weakness for potatoes and pop but try to limit that as a cheat \"treat\".", "That's what I have read. It appears maybe the higher fat diet helps reduce seizures since your brain feeds on fat to function." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources, as well as protein sources, in order to maintain ketosis.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ (Ketosis is the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel.)", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ Rhubarb (\"Rheum rhabarbarum\") is a species of plant in the family Polygonaceae.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ It is a herbaceous perennial growing from short, thick rhizomes.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ It produces large poisonous leaves that are somewhat triangular, with long fleshy edible stalks and small flowers grouped in large compound leafy greenish-white to rose-red inflorescences.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ In culinary use, fresh raw leaf stalks (petioles) are crisp (similar to celery, although they do not share the same family) with a strong, tart taste.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ Although rhubarb is not a true fruit, in the kitchen it is usually prepared as if it were.", "Rhubarb __knowledge__ Most commonly, the stalks are cooked with sugar and used in pies, crumbles and other desserts.", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ The Rhubarb Triangle is a triangle in West Yorkshire, England between Wakefield, Morley and Rothwell famous for producing early forced rhubarb.", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ It includes Kirkhamgate, East Ardsley, Stanley, Lofthouse and Carlton.", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ The Rhubarb Triangle was originally much bigger, covering an area between Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield.", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ From the first decade of the 20th century to 1939 the rhubarb industry expanded and at its peak covered an area of about .", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ Rhubarb is a native of Siberia and thrives in the wet cold winters in Yorkshire.", "Rhubarb Triangle __knowledge__ West Yorkshire once produced 90% of the world's winter forced rhubarb from the forcing sheds that were common across the fields there.", "Rheum palmatum __knowledge__ Rheum palmatum, commonly called Chinese rhubarb, ornamental rhubarb, Turkish rhubarb, Turkey rhubarb, Indian rhubarb, Russian rhubarb or rhubarb root (and within Chinese herbal medicine da-huang).", "Rheum palmatum __knowledge__ The species \"R. tanguticum\" and \"R. officinale\", also under the categorical term of the Chinese drug da-huang, are closely related to \"R. palmatum\".", "Rheum palmatum __knowledge__ Today, these three species are regarded as superior in performance to other species-existing rhubarbs.", "Rheum palmatum __knowledge__ Though \"R palmatum\" is commonly misinterpreted to be one and the same with the familiar \"R. rhabarbarum\" garden rhubarb we eat, there are several facets falsifying this assumption.", "Rheum ribes __knowledge__ Rheum ribes, the Syrian rhubarb or currant-fruited rhubarb, rhubarb-currant, warted-leaved rhubarb, warty-leaved rhubarb, rhubarb of Babilonia is an edible wild rhubarb species in the genus \"Rheum\".", "Rheum ribes __knowledge__ It grows between 1000 and 4000 m on dunite rocks, among stones and slopes, and is distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the world, chiefly in Western Asia (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia) to Afghanistan and Pakistan.", "Rheum ribes __knowledge__ The Syrian rhubarb a partially commercial vegetable collected from the nature in Eastern and Southern Anatolia, Northern Iraq and partly Northwestern Iran in early spring.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ Rhubarb pie is a pie with a rhubarb filling.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ Popular in the UK, where rhubarb has been cultivated since the 1600s, its introduction to Europe from China is attributed to Marco Polo.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ Besides diced rhubarb, it almost always contains a large amount of sugar to balance the intense tartness of the plant.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ A strawberry rhubarb pie, is a type of tart and sweet pie made with a strawberry and rhubarb filling.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ Sometimes tapioca is also used.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ The pie is usually prepared with a bottom pie crust and a variety of styles of upper crust.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ In the United States, often a lattice-style upper crust is used.", "Rhubarb pie __knowledge__ This pie is a traditional dessert in the northeastern United States but is little known outside that region in the US.", "Rhubarb Rhubarb __knowledge__ Rhubarb Rhubarb is a 30-minute television comedy special made by Thames TV and transmitted in 1980.", "Rhubarb Rhubarb __knowledge__ The special is a re-make of Eric Sykes' 1969 film, \"Rhubarb\".", "Rhubarb Rhubarb __knowledge__ A police inspector is so intent on winning a round of golf against a vicar, despite his lack of ability at the game, that he employs his constable to furtively disentangle his ball from the odd spots in which it usually comes to rest - while his opponent looks for help from a higher power... Said help takes on an increasingly miraculous appearance, to the extent of inanimate objects appearing to move in order to block the inspector's shots.", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ Buddies in Bad Times Theatre is a Canadian professional theatre company.", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ Based in Toronto, Ontario and founded in 1978 by Matt Walsh, Jerry Ciccoritti, and Sky Gilbert, \"Buddies in Bad Times\" is dedicated to \"the promotion of queer theatrical expression\".", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ Although the company eventually achieved notoriety and success in the 1980s as a queer theatre company, it was not founded with that intent.", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ Buddies’ original focus was on staged adaptations of poetry.", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ However, during the 1980s, under the sole leadership of Sky Gilbert, Buddies developed a distinctly queer aesthetic and practice.", "Buddies in Bad Times __knowledge__ The company articulated a vision for its work that was unapologetically political, fiercely pro-sexual, and fundamentally anti-establishment.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ Canadian health claims by Health Canada, the department of the Government of Canada responsible for national health, has allowed five scientifically verified disease risk reduction claims to be used on food labels and on food advertising.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ Other countries, including the United States and Great Britain, have approved similar health claims on food labels.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ The Food Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for the development of policies, regulations and standards that relate to the use of health claims on foods.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ They assess whether health claims are truthful and not misleading by reviewing mandatory and voluntary pre-market submissions.", "Diabetic diet __knowledge__ A diabetic diet is a diet that is used by people with diabetes mellitus or high blood glucose to minimize symptoms and dangerous consequences of the disease.", "Diabetic diet __knowledge__ Since carbohydrate is the macronutrient that raises blood glucose levels most significantly, the greatest debate is how low in carbohydrates the diet should be.", "Diabetic diet __knowledge__ This is because although lowering carbohydrate intake will help reduce blood glucose levels, a low-carbohydrate diet conflicts with the traditional establishment view that carbohydrates should be the main source of calories.", "Diabetic diet __knowledge__ Recommendations of the fraction of total calories to be obtained from carbohydrate are generally in the range of 20% to 45%, but recommendations can vary as widely as from 16% to 75%.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Dolph Briscoe Center for American History __knowledge__ The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History is an organized research unit and public service component of The University of Texas at Austin named for Dolph Briscoe, the 41st Governor of Texas.", "Dolph Briscoe Center for American History __knowledge__ The Center collects and preserves documents and artifacts of key themes in Texas and United States history and makes the items available to researchers.", "Dolph Briscoe Center for American History __knowledge__ The Center also has permanent, touring, and online exhibits available to the public.", "Dolph Briscoe Center for American History __knowledge__ The Center has five divisions: Research and Collections, the Military History Institute, the Sam Rayburn Museum, the Briscoe-Garner Museum, and the Winedale.", "Dolph Briscoe Center for American History __knowledge__ The Research and Collections Division is located on the University of Texas campus in Austin.", "Design of the FAT file system __knowledge__ A FAT file system is a specific type of computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it.", "Design of the FAT file system __knowledge__ The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust.", "Design of the FAT file system __knowledge__ It offers good performance even in very light-weight implementations, but cannot deliver the same performance, reliability and scalability as some modern file systems.", "Design of the FAT file system __knowledge__ It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers and many home computers, mobile devices and embedded systems, and thus is a well-suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 up to the present.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet.", "Dieting __knowledge__ A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle).", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by being fed high-fat and/or high-density diets.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ It is intended to mimic the most common cause of obesity in humans.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ Typically mice, rats, dogs, or non-human primates are used in these models.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ These animals can then be used to study \"in vivo\" obesity, obesity's comorbidities, and other related diseases.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ Users of such models must take into account the duration and type of diet (e.g.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ hydrated gels vs. dry pellets) as well as the environmental conditions and age of the animals, as each may promote different bodyweights, fat percentages, or behaviors.", "Low-fiber/low-residue diet __knowledge__ A low-fiber/low-residue diet is a diet whose goal is fewer and smaller bowel movements each day.", "Low-fiber/low-residue diet __knowledge__ The diet may be used as part of the bowel preparation before a diagnostic procedure such as colonoscopy or as a short-term therapy for acute stages of gastrointestinal illnesses such as Crohn's Disease, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, and ulcerative colitis.", "Low-fiber/low-residue diet __knowledge__ In addition, a low-fiber diet is often prescribed before and/or after abdominal surgery or cancer treatments.", "Low-fiber/low-residue diet __knowledge__ Almost all low-fiber/low-residue diets make the following recommendations: A low-fiber diet is not a no-fiber diet.", "Low-fiber/low-residue diet __knowledge__ A 2015 review article recommends less than 10 grams of fiber per day.", "Inflammation __knowledge__ Inflammation (from Latin \"inflammatio\") is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.", "Inflammation __knowledge__ The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair.", "Inflammation __knowledge__ The classical signs of inflammation are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function.", "Inflammation __knowledge__ Inflammation is a generic response, and therefore it is considered as a mechanism of innate immunity, as compared to adaptive immunity, which is specific for each pathogen.", "Starvation __knowledge__ Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.", "Starvation __knowledge__ It is the most extreme form of malnutrition.", "Starvation __knowledge__ In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage and eventually, death.", "Starvation __knowledge__ The term inanition refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation.", "Starvation __knowledge__ Starvation may also be used as a means of torture or execution.", "Starvation __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization, hunger is the single gravest threat to the world's public health.", "Starvation __knowledge__ The WHO also states that malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ Antipredatory behaviors are actions an animal performs to reduce or rid themselves of the risk of being prey.", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ Many studies have been done on elk to see what their antipredator behaviors consist of.", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ One of the most commonly known consequences of the large elk population throughout Yellowstone National Park is the significant decline in the recruitment of aspen (Populus tremuloides).", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ Wolves were reintroduced to the park seventeen years ago.", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ The decrease in elk that the wolves brought should allow the aspen to recuperate and be able to mature once again.", "Elk antipredator behavior __knowledge__ The anti-predatory responses moved elk further into the trees and away from young aspen groves.", "Internal ballistics __knowledge__ Internal ballistics (also interior ballistics), a subfield of ballistics, is the study of the propulsion of a projectile.", "Internal ballistics __knowledge__ In guns internal ballistics covers the time from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel.", "Internal ballistics __knowledge__ The study of internal ballistics is important to designers and users of firearms of all types, from small-bore rifles and pistols, to high-tech artillery.", "Internal ballistics __knowledge__ For rocket-propelled projectiles, internal ballistics covers the period during which a rocket motor is providing thrust.", "Internal ballistics __knowledge__ Hatcher breaks the duration of interior ballistics into 3 parts: There are many processes that are significant." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Cheat Engine __knowledge__ Cheat Engine, commonly abbreviated as CE, is an open source memory scanner/hex editor/debugger created by Eric Heijnen (\"Dark Byte\") for the Windows operating system.", "Cheat Engine __knowledge__ Cheat Engine is mostly used for cheating in computer games, and is sometimes modified and recompiled to evade detection.", "Cheat Engine __knowledge__ This program resembles L. Spiro's \"Memory Hacking Software\", TSearch, and ArtMoney.", "Cheat Engine __knowledge__ It searches for values input by the user with a wide variety of options that allow the user to find and sort through the computer's memory.", "Cheat Engine __knowledge__ Cheat Engine can also create standalone trainers that can operate independently of Cheat Engine.", "Ferrari Lampredi engine __knowledge__ Aurelio Lampredi designed a number of racing engines for Ferrari.", "Ferrari Lampredi engine __knowledge__ He was brought on to hedge the company's bets with a different engine family than the small V12s designed by Gioacchino Colombo.", "Ferrari Lampredi engine __knowledge__ Lampredi went on to design a number of different Inline-4, Inline-6, and V12 engines through the 1950s, and it was these that would power the company's string of world championships that decade.", "Ferrari Lampredi engine __knowledge__ All were quickly abandoned, however, with the Dino V6 and V8 taking the place of the fours and sixes and evolution of the older Colombo V12 continuing as the company's preeminent V12.", "Ferrari Lampredi engine __knowledge__ Enzo Ferrari and Lampredi were interested in creating extremely reliable engines for racing use.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats was a British-American cartoon series which aired between 1995 and 1996 on ITV kids strand CITV, and was recently shown on Scottish children's programme \"wknd@stv\".", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ The series was about anthropomorphic automobiles that bore resemblances to cats and dogs.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ The main characters are freedom fighters trying to save their homeworld of Autopia from The Crusher.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ The show ran for two seasons, each consisting of 26 ten-minute episodes.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ Hot Rod: A red dog-car, and the main character of the series.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ He was on his way to camp when he was captured by The Crusher's forces.", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats __knowledge__ He managed to escape and join the resistance movement.", "Cheating in online games __knowledge__ Cheating in online games is defined as the action of pretending to comply with the rules of the game, while secretly subverting them to gain an unfair advantage over an opponent.", "Cheating in online games __knowledge__ Depending on the game, different activities constitute cheating and it is either a matter of game policy or consensus opinion as to whether a particular activity is considered to be cheating.", "Cheating in online games __knowledge__ Cheating reportedly exists in most multiplayer online games, but it is difficult to measure.", "Cheating in online games __knowledge__ The Internet and darknets can provide players with the methodology necessary to cheat in online games, sometimes in return for a price.", "Cheating in online games __knowledge__ An aimbot (sometimes called \"auto-aim\") is a type of computer game bot used in multiplayer first-person shooter games to provide varying levels of automated target acquisition to the player.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ Suzuki GSX-R750 is a family of \"750 cc\" sports motorcycles from Suzuki's GSX-R series of motorcycles.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ Looking like a Suzuki Endurance racer, it can be considered to be the first affordable, modern racer-replica suitable for road use.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ It was introduced at the Cologne Motorcycle Show in October 1984.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ The air and oil cooled models can be divided into the first generation and second generation, colloquially referred to as 'slabbies' and 'slingshots' respectively.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ The 1985-1987 models featured very flat bodies compared to modern sport-bikes, hence the term 'slab-sided'.", "Suzuki GSX-R750 __knowledge__ The 1988-1991 (1992 USA) models are sometimes referred to as slingshots because the carburetors introduced in 1988 were marketed as slingshot carburetors (slingshot describes the cross section of the semi-flat slide carbs).", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ Volvo's first overhead valve passenger car engine was the inline-four B4B of 1944 and its descendants, the B14A and B16.", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ These were cast iron engines, and used just three main bearings.", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ Introduced in 1944, the B4B displaced and powered the Volvo PV444.", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ It was a departure for Volvo who had not produced an automobile with a four-cylinder engine in nearly 20 years.", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ The B4B was equipped with a single down-draught carburetor.", "Volvo B4B engine __knowledge__ Suppliers of ancillaries included Autolite (ignition distributors and generators), Zenith and Carter (carburetors), and Bosch (ignition distributors, generators and starter motors.)", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ The Honda Gold Wing (colloquially Goldwing or GoldWing) is a series of touring motorcycles manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ It was introduced at the Cologne Motorcycle Show in October 1974, and went on to become a popular model in North America, Western Europe and Australia, as well as Japan.", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ Total sales are more than 640,000, most of them in the U.S. market.", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ The includes a Honda Gold Wing GL1000 manufactured in 1974 as one of their \"240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology\".", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ Through 2012, Honda GL models have appeared eighteen times in the \"Cycle World\" list of Ten Best bikes.", "Honda Gold Wing __knowledge__ Over the course of its history, it has had numerous changes to its design and production.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by being fed high-fat and/or high-density diets.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ It is intended to mimic the most common cause of obesity in humans.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ Typically mice, rats, dogs, or non-human primates are used in these models.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ These animals can then be used to study \"in vivo\" obesity, obesity's comorbidities, and other related diseases.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ Users of such models must take into account the duration and type of diet (e.g.", "Diet-induced obesity model __knowledge__ hydrated gels vs. dry pellets) as well as the environmental conditions and age of the animals, as each may promote different bodyweights, fat percentages, or behaviors.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ These episodes can result in physical injuries including occasionally broken bones.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and as a rule, have no immediate underlying cause.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ People with epilepsy in some areas of the world experience varying degrees of social stigma due to their condition.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In biology, adipose tissue , body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In addition to adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Adipose tissue is derived from preadipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Far from being hormonally inert, adipose tissue has, in recent years, been recognized as a major endocrine organ, as it produces hormones such as leptin, estrogen, resistin, and the cytokine TNFα.", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ Frontal lobe epilepsy, or FLE, is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping.", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ It is the second most common type of epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is related to the temporal form by the fact that both forms are characterized by the occurrence of partial (focal) seizures.", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ Partial seizures occurring in the frontal lobes can occur in one of two different forms: either simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness or memory) or complex partial seizures (that affect awareness or memory either before, during or after a seizure).", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Cases of epilepsy may be organized into epilepsy syndromes by the specific features that are present.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ These features include the age at which seizures begin, the seizure types, and EEG findings, among others.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Identifying an epilepsy syndrome is useful as it helps determine the underlying causes as well as what anti-seizure medication should be tried.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ The ability to categorize a case of epilepsy into a specific syndrome occurs more often with children since the onset of seizures is commonly early.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Less serious examples are benign rolandic epilepsy (2.8 per 100,000), childhood absence epilepsy (0.8 per 100,000) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (0.7 per 100,000).", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ A person with PTE suffers repeated post-traumatic seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury.", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ PTE is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of symptomatic epilepsy (in which seizures are caused by an identifiable organic brain condition).", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ It is not known how to predict who will develop epilepsy after TBI and who will not.", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ However, the likelihood that a person will develop PTE is influenced by the severity and type of injury; for example penetrating injuries and those that involve bleeding within the brain confer a higher risk.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8, 4 ]

[ "That's interesting. Are you allowed fruit on that diet?", "That's interesting. I understand it causes your body to burn stored fat faster.", "Do you have a hard time eliminating carbs?", "I heard that this diet can be good for people with epilepsy.", "I believe that the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies." ]

[ "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet" ]

[ "Field hockey", "Oh how do you play field hockey? I am familiar with hockey on ice, but not field. ", "So I guess you have to use some sort of ball instead of a puck? What other sports do you like playing with your family?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Field hockey is a team sport of the hockey family.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The game can be played on a grass field, turf field or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Only one end of the stick is allowed to be used.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Goalies often have a different kind of stick, however they can also use an ordinary field hockey stick.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The specific goal-keeping sticks have another curve at the end of the stick, this is to give them more surface area to save the ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The uniform consists of shin guards, shoes, shorts, a mouth guard and a jersey.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Today, the game is played globally, with particular popularity throughout Western Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and parts of the United States (primarily New England and the Mid-Atlantic states)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Field hockey is a team sport of the hockey family.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The game can be played on a grass field, turf field or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Only one end of the stick is allowed to be used.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Goalies often have a different kind of stick, however they can also use an ordinary field hockey stick.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The specific goal-keeping sticks have another curve at the end of the stick, this is to give them more surface area to save the ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The uniform consists of shin guards, shoes, shorts, a mouth guard and a jersey.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Today, the game is played globally, with particular popularity throughout Western Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and parts of the United States (primarily New England and the Mid-Atlantic states).", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ Kathleen Sharkey (born April 30, 1990) is an American field hockey player.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ In 2016, she was named to the United States women's national field hockey team for the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ Kathleen Sharkey was born on April 30, 1990.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ She grew up in Moosic, Pennsylvania with three siblings, including an older sister.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ Watching her older sister play field hockey sparked Sharkey's interest in the sport.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ She went on to play field hockey at Wyoming Seminary.", "Kathleen Sharkey __knowledge__ Playing as a striker for Princeton University, Sharkey set multiple all-time school field hockey records including career points (245), points in a season (85), goals in a career (107), goals in a season (38), most total goals and assists in a career (138), most goals in a game (6) and most points in a game (12).", "Hockey __knowledge__ Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick.", "Hockey __knowledge__ There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey and ice hockey.", "Hockey __knowledge__ Often one variation of the sport, such as field hockey or ice hockey, will predominate in a certain area and be known simply as \"hockey\".", "Hockey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the word \"hockey\" is in the 1773 book \"Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education\" by Richard Johnson (Pseud.", "Hockey __knowledge__ Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled \"New Improvements on the Game of Hockey\".", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Lindenwood Lions __knowledge__ The Lindenwood Lions and Lady Lions are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Lindenwood University, located in St. Charles, Missouri.", "Lindenwood Lions __knowledge__ The school is primarily a member of the NCAA Division II, although women's ice hockey and gymnastics and men's volleyball compete in NCAA Division I.", "Lindenwood Lions __knowledge__ The Lions joined the NCAA and the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) in the summer of 2013, after completing the transition process from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the Heart of America Athletic Conference (HAAC).", "Lindenwood Lions __knowledge__ In addition to the 27 NCAA sports teams administered by the Lindenwood University Department of Athletics, the Lindenwood University Student Life Sports Department administers 21 additional non-NCAA sports.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Big East Conference __knowledge__ The Big East Conference (stylized as BIG EAST) is a collegiate athletic conference that competes in NCAA Division I in all sports except football, which is not sponsored.", "Big East Conference __knowledge__ The conference has been officially recognized as a Division I multi-sport conference, effective on August 1, 2013.", "Big East Conference __knowledge__ Its nucleus is composed of the \"Catholic Seven\" members of the original Big East Conference: DePaul University, Georgetown University, Marquette University, Providence College, Seton Hall University, St. John's University, and Villanova University.", "Big East Conference __knowledge__ In December 2012, these schools chose to split from the football playing schools in order to focus on basketball, and in March 2013 reached a settlement, whereby they acquired the Big East Conference name, logos, and the rights to the men's basketball tournament.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ Field hockey has been played by women in Australia since 1901.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ By 1907, there were clubs in several states including New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ Women's field hockey was eventually represented by the Australian Institute of Sport, though the amount of support it received was less than the support the men received.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ The All Australian Women's Hockey Association was established in 1910 to govern the sport in Australia.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ in 2000, Women’s Hockey Australia merged with the Australian Hockey Association to form Hockey Australia.", "Women's field hockey in Australia __knowledge__ The game has been played by women on the university and school level.", "Women's sports __knowledge__ Women's sports includes amateur as well as women's professional sports, in all varieties of sports.", "Women's sports __knowledge__ Female participation and popularity in sports increased dramatically in the twentieth century, especially in the last quarter-century, reflecting changes in modern societies that emphasized gender parity.", "Women's sports __knowledge__ Although the level of participation and performance still varies greatly by country and by sport, women's sports are widely accepted throughout the world today.", "Women's sports __knowledge__ In a few instances, such as figure skating, female athletes rival or exceed their male counterparts in popularity.", "Women's sports __knowledge__ In many sports women usually do not compete on equal terms against men.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ Arab culture is the culture of the Arabs, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ Language, literature, gastronomy, art, architecture, music, spirituality, philosophy, mysticism (etc.)", "Arab culture __knowledge__ are all part of the cultural heritage of the Arabs.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ The Arab world is sometimes divided into separate regions including Al-Maghrib Al-Arabi (consisting of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania), Fertile Crescent (consisting of Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Jordan) and the Arabian Peninsula (consisting of south Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman and the UAE) and the Arabian Peninsula's Al-Janoub Al-Arabi (consisting of Yemen and Oman).", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ In field hockey, each player carries a stick and cannot take part in the game without it.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The stick for an adult is usually in the range 89–95 cm (35–38 in) long.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ A maximum length of 105 cm (41\") was stipulated from 2016.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The maximum permitted weight is 737 grams.The majority of players use a stick in the range 19 oz to 22 oz (538 g - 623 g).", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Traditionally hockey sticks were made of hickory, ash or mulberry wood with the head of the sticks being hand carved and therefore required skilled craftsmen to produce.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Sticks made of wood continue to be made but the higher grade sticks are now manufactured from composite materials which were first permitted after 1992." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Field hockey is a team sport of the hockey family.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The game can be played on a grass field, turf field or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Only one end of the stick is allowed to be used.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Goalies often have a different kind of stick, however they can also use an ordinary field hockey stick.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The specific goal-keeping sticks have another curve at the end of the stick, this is to give them more surface area to save the ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The uniform consists of shin guards, shoes, shorts, a mouth guard and a jersey.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Today, the game is played globally, with particular popularity throughout Western Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and parts of the United States (primarily New England and the Mid-Atlantic states).", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Puck (Glee) __knowledge__ Noah \"Puck\" Puckerman is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\".", "Puck (Glee) __knowledge__ The character was portrayed by actor Mark Salling, and appeared in \"Glee\" from its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009 to the series finale, broadcast on March 20, 2015.", "Puck (Glee) __knowledge__ Puck was developed by \"Glee\" creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan.", "Puck (Glee) __knowledge__ He is Finn's best friend and football teammate, who initially disapproves of Finn joining the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio, where the show is set, but he eventually joins it himself.", "Puck (Glee) __knowledge__ In 2010, Salling was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice TV: Breakout Star Male for his work as Puck, and in 2011 for the Choice TV: Scene Stealer Male category.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ The Summit Series, or Super Series (in Russian \"Суперсерия СССР — Канада\"; \"Superseriya SSSR — Canada\"), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League (NHL), known as \"Team Canada\".", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ A hockey puck is a disk made of vulcanized rubber that serves the same functions in various games as a ball does in ball games.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ The best-known use of pucks is in ice hockey, a major international sport.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ Ice hockey and its various precursor games utilized balls until the late 19th century.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ By the 1870s, 'flat' pucks were made of wood as well as rubber.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ At first, pucks were square.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ The first recorded organized game of ice hockey used a wooden puck to prevent it from leaving the rink of play.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ The rubber pucks were first made by slicing a rubber ball, then trimming the disc square.", "Hockey puck __knowledge__ The Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal is credited with making and using the first round pucks in the 1880s.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ Artificial turf is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ However, it is now being used on residential lawns and commercial applications as well.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ The main reason is maintenance—artificial turf stands up to heavy use, such as in sports, and requires no irrigation or trimming.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ Domed, covered, and partially covered stadiums may require artificial turf because of the difficulty of getting grass enough sunlight to stay healthy.", "Artificial turf __knowledge__ Artificial turf does have its downside, however: limited life, periodic cleaning requirements, petroleum use, toxic chemicals from infill, and heightened health and safety concerns.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ CenturyLink Field is a multi-purpose stadium located in Seattle, Washington, United States.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It is the home field for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL) and Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer (MLS).", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ Originally called Seahawks Stadium, it became Qwest Field in June 2004, when telecommunications carrier Qwest acquired the naming rights.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It received its current name in June 2011 after Qwest's acquisition by CenturyLink.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It is a modern facility with views of the Downtown Seattle skyline and can seat 69,000 people.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ The complex also includes the Event Center with the Washington Music Theater (WaMu Theater), a parking garage, and a public plaza.", "Gressbanen __knowledge__ Gressbanen is a stadium located at Holmen in Oslo, Norway.", "Gressbanen __knowledge__ During summer it has artificial turf and is used for association football, while during winter it has artificial ice and fields bandy.", "Gressbanen __knowledge__ The complex also contains a smaller training field with gravel during summer and natural ice during winter.", "Gressbanen __knowledge__ Gressbanen is the home venue of IF Ready, whose bandy team plays in the Norwegian Bandy Premier League and who fields 35 recreational football teams.", "Gressbanen __knowledge__ The stadium was built as a response to the need for a grass pitch for the Norway national football team, as well as to serve as a home to Ready and Mercantile SFK.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ Hockey, both field and ice, is little popular in Greece.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ Until recently, an organized championship did not exist and only amateur tournaments were organised by few fans of the sport.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ The establishment of hockey federations is relatively recent as well as the organisation of Panhellenic championships.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ However, a form of this game was played by ancient Greeks.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ A marble relief of 510 B.C., on display at the Archaeological Museum of Athens, depicts athletes that play a sport like hockey.", "Hockey in Greece __knowledge__ In addition, the 2nd-century BC writer Plutarch (or Pseudo-Plutarch) refers to a sport like hockey with the name \"Keretizein\" (Κερητίζειν).", "FieldTurf __knowledge__ FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface.", "FieldTurf __knowledge__ It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett Inc. FieldTurf is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and its primary manufacturing facility is located in Calhoun, Georgia, United States.", "FieldTurf __knowledge__ With a design intended to more accurately replicate real grass, the new product gained rapid popularity in the late 1990s, and changed the industry.", "FieldTurf __knowledge__ The surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing.", "FieldTurf __knowledge__ The infill is composed of a bottom layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber, and a top layer of only rubber.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ Husky Ballpark is a college baseball stadium in Seattle, Washington, on the campus of the University of Washington.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ Opened in 1998, it is the home field of the Washington Huskies of the Pac-12 conference.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ The playing field was renamed for donor Herb Chaffey in May 2009.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ Husky Ballpark is located about north of Husky Stadium; the ballpark's left field wall borders wetlands adjacent to Union Bay.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ The UW's natural grass soccer stadium is adjacent to the north.", "Husky Ballpark __knowledge__ A new concrete grandstand was constructed after the 2013 season and opened on March 21, 2014, with an approximate seating capacity of 2,500." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5 ]

[ "I love playing sports with my family, especially field hockey.", "It's like hockey, but played on a grass field.", "Yes they use a plastic ball and sticks made of wood or carbon fiber. I mainly play field hockey where i'm from." ]

[ "Field hockey", "Field hockey", "Field hockey" ]

[ "Gardening", "i do too, I plant a garden every year", "i never planted a flower garden, only vegetables, one of these days i would like to" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers grown inside or outside.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings.", "Gardening __knowledge__ It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardening, a forest-based food production system, is the world's oldest form of gardening.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved while undesirable species were eliminated." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers grown inside or outside.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings.", "Gardening __knowledge__ It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardening, a forest-based food production system, is the world's oldest form of gardening.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved while undesirable species were eliminated.", "Danny Woo International District Community Garden __knowledge__ The Danny Woo International District Community Garden is a community garden on the outskirts of the International District, Seattle, Washington.", "Danny Woo International District Community Garden __knowledge__ It was built in 1975 and provides 101 allotments and 77 fruit trees.", "Danny Woo International District Community Garden __knowledge__ Allotment plots are allocated by preference to those aged over 65, residents of the International District, and those whose income is below 30% of the median.", "Danny Woo International District Community Garden __knowledge__ The garden is managed by the Inter*Im Community Development Association, a community development non-profit serving the Chinatown-International District.", "Danny Woo International District Community Garden __knowledge__ Much of the design in the Garden has been through the efforts of UW architect students.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ Flor og Fjære is a collection of man-made tropical gardens on the island of Sør-Hidle outside of Stavanger, Norway.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ The gardens and restaurant became open to the public in 1995, hosting two tours per day during their season from the beginning of May until the end of September.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ In 2013, Flor og Fjære hosted close to 35,000 guests during this five-month season.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ The island has hosted many business retreats and events such as the Norwegian Chess Tournament in 2015.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ The island was also visited by all three Nordic Royal Houses.", "Flor og Fjære __knowledge__ When Queen Sonja of Norway celebrated her 70th birthday on the island In 1965, the founders, Aasmund and Else Marie Bryn, bought a farmstead on the northern tip of the island and by 1995 their son Olav Bryn opened the family retreat to the public for garden tours along with a restaurant.", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ Parc Monceau () is a public park situated in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, at the junction of Boulevard de Courcelles, Rue de Prony and Rue Georges Berger.", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ At the main entrance is a rotunda.", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ The park covers an area of 8.2 hectares (20.3 acres).", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ The park was established by Phillippe d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres, a cousin of King Louis XVI, fabulously wealthy, and active in court politics and society.", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ In 1769 he had begun purchasing the land where the park is located.", "Parc Monceau __knowledge__ In 1778, he decided to create a public park, and employed the writer and painter Louis Carrogis Carmontelle to design the gardens.", "Daikaku-ji __knowledge__ The origins of the temple dates back to the Heian period in the year 814 CE, when Emperor Saga had a palace, known as the \"Saga-in\", constructed on the site.", "Daikaku-ji __knowledge__ The palace later became his seat of retirement, known as \"Saga Rikyu\" imperial villa.", "Daikaku-ji __knowledge__ According to tradition, when Japan suffered a serious epidemic, the Buddhist monk Kobo Daishi, the founder of Shingon Buddhism, suggested that the Emperor Saga personally copy an important Buddhist religious document called the Heart Sutra (\"Hannya Shingyō\").", "Daikaku-ji __knowledge__ The emperor made a handwritten copy, and the epidemic is said to have ended.", "Daikaku-ji __knowledge__ The handwritten sutra is kept at the \"Shingyōden\" hall of the temple, and is displayed to the public once every sixty years, the next time being in 2018.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ Connaught Square in Westminster, London, England, was the first square of city houses to be built in the Bayswater area.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ It is named after the Earl of Connaught who had a house nearby.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ The current appearance of the square dates from the 1820s.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ The square is just north of Hyde Park, and to the west of Edgware Road.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ It is also within of Marble Arch, and the western end of Oxford Street.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ Peter Ackroyd has suggested that the notorious gallows, Tyburn Tree, the site of public execution in London, stood within the square.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ Connaught Square's architecture is primarily Georgian.", "Connaught Square __knowledge__ Redevelopment was initially planned in the early 18th century and the first of its 45 brick houses was built in 1828 as part of the Hyde Park estate by Thomas Allason.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ Organopónicos or organoponics is a system of urban agriculture using organic gardens.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ It originated in Cuba and is still mostly focused there.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ It often consists of low-level concrete walls filled with organic matter and soil, with lines of drip irrigation laid on the surface of the growing media.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ \"Organopónicos\" is a labour-intensive form of local agriculture.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ \"Organopónico\" farmers employ a wide variety of agroecological techniques including integrated pest management, polyculture, and crop rotation.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ Most organic materials are also produced within the gardens through composting.", "Organopónicos __knowledge__ This allows production to take place with few petroleum-based inputs.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ Visitor services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ There are many ways to garden in restricted spaces.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ Often a small or limited space is an issue in growing and cultivating plants.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ Restricted space gardens can be located on small lawns, balconies, patios, porches, rooftops, inside the home, or in any other available place.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ Gardening in small places can be applied to edible or floral plants.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ Growing your own food has many benefits including saving money; healthier, fresher, and better tasting food; knowledge of pesticide and fertilizer exposure.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ Gardening is a good form of exercise and has been proven to be therapeutic.", "Gardening in restricted spaces __knowledge__ \"Square Foot Gardening\" was made popular by Mel Bartholomew in the early 1980s.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well, and peri-urban agriculture may have different characteristics.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social development.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ In the global north, it often takes the form of a social movement for sustainable communities, where organic growers, ‘foodies,’ and ‘locavores’ form social networks founded on a shared ethos of nature and community holism.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ Aquaponics () refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ In normal aquaculture, excretions from the animals being raised can accumulate in the water, increasing toxicity.", "Aquaponics __knowledge__ In an aquaponic system, water from an aquaculture system is fed to a hydroponic system where the by-products are broken down by nitrifying bacteria initially into nitrites and subsequently into nitrates, which are utilized by the plants as nutrients, and the water is then recirculated back to the aquaculture system.", "Alpine Garden Society __knowledge__ The Alpine Garden Society is a society based in the United Kingdom, with its headquarters at Pershore, Worcestershire.", "Alpine Garden Society __knowledge__ It describes itself as an \"International Society for the cultivation, conservation and exploration of alpine and rock garden plants, small hardy herbaceous plants, hardy and half-hardy bulbs, hardy ferns and small shrubs\".", "Alpine Garden Society __knowledge__ It publishes a quarterly journal, now titled \"The Alpine Gardener : Journal of the Alpine Garden Society\".", "Alpine Garden Society __knowledge__ Many alpine plants are easy to grow.", "Alpine Garden Society __knowledge__ This makes \"alpine gardening\" a good introduction to plants for those who are short of the space and/or time to devote to gardening on a larger scale.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ Piret Laurimaa (born 3 November 1971), is an Estonian stage, television, radio and film actress.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ Piret Laurimaa was born in Pärnu to Tiit Laurimaa and Aave Uus (\"née\" Meriluht).", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ She has three half-siblings.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ She graduated from secondary school in 1990, then studied acting at Aare Laanemets' theatre school in Pärnu.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ She graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical University (now, Tallinn University) in 1995.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ Following graduation, she joined the Endla Theatre in Pärnu in 1996; she was engaged at the theatre until 2014.", "Piret Laurimaa __knowledge__ Among her more memorable international roles at the Endla were in productions of works by: Molière, Gustave Flaubert, Thornton Wilder, Tom Stoppard, Marc Camoletti, William Gibson, Maria Blom, Luigi Pirandello, Mikhail Lermontov, Leea Klemola, and Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt, among others.", "History of gardening __knowledge__ The history of ornamental gardening may be considered as aesthetic expressions of beauty through art and nature, a display of taste or style in civilized life, an expression of an individual's or culture's philosophy, and sometimes as a display of private status or national pride—in private and public landscapes.", "History of gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardening, a plant-based food pro-system, is the world's oldest form of gardening.", "History of gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.", "History of gardening __knowledge__ In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected, and improved while undesirable species were eliminated." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers grown inside or outside.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings.", "Gardening __knowledge__ It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardening, a forest-based food production system, is the world's oldest form of gardening.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved while undesirable species were eliminated.", "William Robinson (gardener) __knowledge__ William Robinson (5 July 1838 – 17 May 1935) was an Irish practical gardener and journalist whose ideas about wild gardening spurred the movement that led to the popularising of the English cottage garden, a parallel to the search for honest simplicity and vernacular style of the British Arts and Crafts movement.", "William Robinson (gardener) __knowledge__ Robinson is credited as an early practitioner of the mixed herbaceous border of hardy perennial plants, a champion too of the \"wild garden\", who vanquished the high Victorian pattern garden of planted-out bedding schemes.", "William Robinson (gardener) __knowledge__ Robinson's new approach to gardening gained popularity through his magazines and several books—particularly \"The Wild Garden\", illustrated by Alfred Parsons, and \"The English Flower Garden\".", "Civil War Unknowns Monument __knowledge__ The Civil War Unknowns Monument is a burial vault and memorial honoring unidentified dead from the American Civil War.", "Civil War Unknowns Monument __knowledge__ It is located in the grounds of Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States.", "Civil War Unknowns Monument __knowledge__ It was designed by Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs and constructed in 1865 in a former tree and flower garden.", "Civil War Unknowns Monument __knowledge__ Many sources often incorrectly state that the monument was constructed in the middle of the Lee flower garden (often mischaracterized as a \"rose garden\").", "Civil War Unknowns Monument __knowledge__ However, the monument is just west of the flower garden, in what was once a grove of oak and elm trees.", "History of parks and gardens of Paris __knowledge__ Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than three thousand hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees.", "History of parks and gardens of Paris __knowledge__ Two of Paris's oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre in 1664; and the Luxembourg Garden, belonging to a château built for Marie de' Medici in 1612, which today houses the French Senate.", "History of parks and gardens of Paris __knowledge__ The Jardin des Plantes was the first botanical garden in Paris, created in 1626 by Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse for the cultivation of medicinal plants.", "History of parks and gardens of Paris __knowledge__ Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the neighborhoods of the city.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The cottage garden is a distinct style that uses informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ English in origin, it depends on grace and charm rather than grandeur and formal structure.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ Homely and functional gardens connected to working-class cottages go back centuries, but their stylized reinvention occurred in 1870s England, as a reaction to the more structured, rigorously maintained estate gardens with their formal designs and mass plantings of greenhouse annuals.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The earliest cottage gardens were more practical than today's, with emphasis on vegetables and herbs, fruit trees, perhaps a beehive, and even livestock.", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 2005 television series \"Mahou Sentai Magiranger\".", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ The is a family of mages in various proficiencies that battle the evil Underground Hades Empire Infershia with their magical ability to transform into the Magirangers.", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ These five children (three brothers and two sisters) lived peacefully with their mother, on the notion that their father died in an expedition in Antarctica.", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ But upon learning the truth, their mother revealed to them their family legacy.", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ Over time, they learn their father was a Heavenly Saint.", "List of Mahou Sentai Magiranger characters __knowledge__ The five siblings also receive the power to attain \"Legend\" form.", "Gardens of Monticello __knowledge__ The Gardens of Monticello were gardens first designed by Thomas Jefferson for his plantation Monticello near Charlottesville, Virginia.", "Gardens of Monticello __knowledge__ Jefferson’s detailed historical accounts of his 5,000 acres provide much information about the ever-changing contents of the gardens.", "Gardens of Monticello __knowledge__ The areas included a flower garden, a fruit orchard, and a vegetable garden.", "Gardens of Monticello __knowledge__ Jefferson, a connoisseur of trees, flowers, and gardening techniques, was highly interested in experimental planting and directed the design of the gardens, which contained many exotic seeds and plants from his travels abroad.", "Gardens of Monticello __knowledge__ The gardens declined after Jefferson’s death in 1826, when his estate was encumbered with debt.", "Longwood Gardens __knowledge__ Longwood Gardens is an American botanical garden.", "Longwood Gardens __knowledge__ It consists of over 1,077 acres (436 hectares; 4.36 km²) of gardens, woodlands, and meadows in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States in the Brandywine Creek Valley.", "Longwood Gardens __knowledge__ It is one of the premier horticultural display gardens in the United States and is open to visitors year-round to enjoy exotic plants and horticulture (both indoor and outdoor), events and performances, seasonal and themed attractions, as well as educational lectures, courses, and workshops.", "Longwood Gardens __knowledge__ Longwood Gardens has a long and varied history.", "Longwood Gardens __knowledge__ For thousands of years, the native Lenni Lenape tribe fished its streams, hunted its forests, and planted its fields.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ The cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ Commonly, ornamental [garden] plants are grown for the display of aesthetic features including: flowers, leaves, scent, overall foliage texture, fruit, stem and bark, and aesthetic form.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ In some cases, unusual features may be considered to be of interest, such as the prominent thorns of \"Rosa sericea\" and \"cacti\".", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ In all cases, their purpose is for the enjoyment of gardeners, visitors, and the public institutions.", "Cactus __knowledge__ A cactus (plural: \"cacti\", \"cactuses\", or \"cactus\") is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales.", "Cactus __knowledge__ The word \"cactus\" derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek , \"kaktos\", a name originally used by Theophrastus for a spiny plant whose identity is not certain.", "Cactus __knowledge__ Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes.", "Cactus __knowledge__ Most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought.", "Cactus __knowledge__ Many live in extremely dry environments, even being found in the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth.", "Cactus __knowledge__ Cacti show many adaptations to conserve water.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Various common names including daffodil, daffadowndilly, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ The flowers are generally white or yellow (also orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his \"Species Plantarum\" (1753).", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ Brugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae.", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ They are woody trees or shrubs, with pendulous flowers, and have no spines on their fruit.", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets, a name sometimes used for the closely related genus \"Datura\".", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ (Datura differs from Brugmansia in that they are herbaceous bushes, with erect rather than pendulous flowers - and most have spines on their fruit).", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ Like many ornamental plants, all parts of \"Brugmansia\" can be toxic.", "Brugmansia __knowledge__ All seven species are listed as Extinct in the Wild by the IUCN Red List, although they are popular ornamental plants and still exist wild in other areas as an introduced species.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ Mercado Jamaica is one of Mexico City’s traditional public markets where various vendors sell their wares in an established location.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ This market was inaugurated in the 1950s as part of efforts to modernize the markets in the area.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ The market is located on the corner of Congreso de la Union and Avenida Morelos, just southeast of the historic center of the city.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ Although it is one of the main markets for groceries, produce and meat, it is best known for its flowers and ornamental plants.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ There are 1,150 stands dedicated to the selling of cut flowers, flower arrangements, ornamental plants and accessories such as flowerpots.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "I love gardening , its the practice of growing cultivating plants ", "Same here ! Another fact is that ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers", "Yeah you should , another fact is that gardening is considered to be a relaxing activity for many people" ]

[ "Gardening", "Gardening", "Gardening" ]

[ "French fries", "I love krinkle cut as well. They are delicious.", "THat interesting to know. I love ruffled ridged potatoe chips." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips.", "The Strongest Man in the World __knowledge__ The Strongest Man in the World is a 1975 Disney film starring Kurt Russell, still a student in the fictional Medfield College.", "The Strongest Man in the World __knowledge__ It is the sequel to the 1972 film \"Now You See Him, Now You Don't\", itself a sequel to the 1969 film, \"The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes\".", "The Strongest Man in the World __knowledge__ Medfield College's Dean Higgins (Joe Flynn) is being fired for financial mismanagement because of extreme over-spending by Prof. Quigley's science class.", "The Strongest Man in the World __knowledge__ Higgins finds out the high costs are for renting a cow to experiment on; they are feeding it various concoctions to make it fatter.", "The Strongest Man in the World __knowledge__ In a rage, Higgins fires Quigley (yet again) then threatens to have his entire class thrown out of college.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ \"Mr. Krinkle\" is a song by rock band Primus and the 3rd single of the album \"Pork Soda\".", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ 1.", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ \"Mr. Krinkle\" - 5:27 In addition to the single, a video was made featuring Claypool in a pig suit and tuxedo playing upright bass in an abandoned warehouse as a carnival of oddities parades behind him, including the band, Claypool's wife and her twin sister.", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ Due to logistical issues, the video had to be shot in one take.", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ Claypool said he put his \"heart and soul\" into the video, but it received next to no airtime on MTV.", "Mr. Krinkle __knowledge__ In an interview with Guitar World magazine, Claypool disparaged the channel's unwillingness to air the video, saying \"it got played like six times.\"", "Bandar Tun Razak LRT station __knowledge__ Bandar Tun Razak LRT station (formerly Mulia LRT station) is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after the Kuala Lumpur township of Bandar Tun Razak.", "Bandar Tun Razak LRT station __knowledge__ The station is part of the Sri Petaling Line (formerly known as STAR).", "Bandar Tun Razak LRT station __knowledge__ The station was opened on July 11, 1998, as part of the second phase of the STAR system's opening, including 7 new stations along the Chan Sow Lin-Sri Petaling route.", "Bandar Tun Razak LRT station __knowledge__ The Bandar Tun Razak station is located between the western edge of \"Bandar Tun Razak\" and the Salak Expressway, placing the station on a steep slope that drops down from \"Bandar Tun Razak\" onto the highway.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Delicious (stylized del.icio.us) is a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ The site was founded by Joshua Schachter and Peter Gadjokov in 2003 and acquired by Yahoo in 2005.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ By the end of 2008, the service claimed more than 5.3 million users and 180 million unique bookmarked URLs.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Yahoo sold Delicious to AVOS Systems in April 2011, and the site relaunched in a \"back to beta\" state on September 27 that year.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In May 2014, AVOS sold the site to Science Inc.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In January 2016 Delicious Media, a new alliance, reported it had assumed control of the service.", "Chak Asmat Ullah Halt railway station __knowledge__ Chak Asmat Ullah Halt railway station () is located in Pakistan.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ LesserEvil Healthy Brands Inc. is a food company located in Fairfield County, Connecticut.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ Its offices and factory are located in Danbury CT.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ It is a local employer of 40 to 50 factory and office workers.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ All of its products are marketed as made from the best or better ingredients.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ They are all gluten free and non genetically modified and many of them are organic.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ The company has four snack lines: Super 4, Buddha Bowl, Chia Pop and Chia Crisps.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ They are available through national distribution by UNFI, Kehe, Natures Best, and DPI and are carried by some of the nations largest retailers.", "LesserEvil __knowledge__ In 2007, LesserEvil became one of the top-selling popcorn lines in the Natural Retail Channel, and is the top selling organic popcorn line in the country in 2014.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Poutine __knowledge__ Poutine (; ) is a dish originating from the Canadian province of Quebec consisting of French fries and cheese curds topped with a brown gravy.", "Poutine __knowledge__ The dish emerged in the late 1950s in the Centre-du-Québec area and has long been associated with the cuisine of Quebec.", "Poutine __knowledge__ For many years it was negatively perceived and mocked, and even used as a means of stigmatization against Quebec society.", "Poutine __knowledge__ However, since the mid-2000s poutine has been celebrated as a symbol of Québécois cultural pride, and its rise in prominence led to popularity outside the province, especially in central Canada and the northeast United States.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show, \"The Best Thing I Ever Ate\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act, \"I'm not Fat...", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ I'm Fluffy\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Crinkle-cutting is slicing that leaves a corrugated surface.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ This is done with corrugated knives or mandoline blades.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Crinkle-cut potato chips are sometimes called ruffled, by analogy with a ruffle in sewing.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ French fries or sweet potato fries may also be crinkle-cut, and may be called \"wavy fries\".", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ If the potato is turned 90° between cuts, the result is waffle fries.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Potato chips with a waffle fry cut, however, are more properly characterized as \"lattice cut\" chips.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ \"Pommes gaufrettes\", waffle fries, or criss-cross fries are fries obtained by quarter-turning the potato before each pass over the corrugated blade of a mandoline and deep-frying.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of potato that has been deep fried or baked until crunchy.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are commonly served as a snack, side dish, or appetizer.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The basic chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors and additives.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are a predominant part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The global potato chip market generated total revenues of US$16.49 billion in 2005.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year ($46.1 billion)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ Walter “Wally” Ziaja (born July 2, 1949) is a retired American soccer defender.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ He spent two seasons in the North American Soccer League and was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1972 Summer Olympics.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ He also earned four caps with the U.S. national team between 1971 and 1973.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ Ziaja was selected to play with the U.S. team at 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ The U.S. went 0-2-1 in group play and failed to qualify for the second round.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ Ziaja played only one match, the 7-0 loss to West Germany.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ He earned his first cap on March 20, 1973 in a 4-0 loss to Poland.", "Wally Ziaja __knowledge__ His last game was a 2-0 loss to Israel on November 15, 1973.", "Anna Ziaja __knowledge__ Anna Ziaja (born August 1, 1954 in Wrocław) is a Polish contemporary painter and print maker.", "Anna Ziaja __knowledge__ Ziaja was educated in the faculty of painting and graphic arts at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, and graduated with an honours degree in 1979.", "Anna Ziaja __knowledge__ Her unique vision of contemporary art comes from her love of Italian art from Trecento to Cinquecento,from Masaccio to Vittore Carpaccio fused with her Polish heritage and paintings of Zygmunt Waliszewski and Eugeniusz Zak.", "Anna Ziaja __knowledge__ Her concepts are an expression of poetry and personal contemplation, from the melancholic to sometimes bitter reflection.", "Anna Ziaja __knowledge__ Ziaja's paintings present a psychological abstract of human fate; a depiction of multifaceted personalities inexorable linked in everyday complexities, portraying the individualism of the world.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ Witold Ziaja (born November 16, 1940 in Siemianowice Śląskie, Upper Silesia) is a former field hockey player from Poland, who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ Ziaja played 79 international matches for Poland, and scored a total number of 18 goals.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ Throughout his career Ziaja played for HKS Siemianowiczanka from Siemianowice Śląskie.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ After his active career Ziaja became a hockey coach.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ He guided the Austrian Women's Hockey Team in 1973, the Polish Men’s National Team from 1974 to 1980, and the Swiss Men’s National team from 1981 to 1983.", "Witold Ziaja __knowledge__ He lives in Hamburg (Germany) now.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ Club Deportivo Luis Ángel Firpo (often abbreviated to Firpo) is an El Salvador professional association football club based in Usulután.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1923, and has played at its current home ground, Estadio Sergio Torres, since 1930.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ They have won ten Primera Division Champions titles.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ Firpo has the fourth highest total of major honours won by an Salvadoran club.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ The club's most successful period was between 1988 and 2000, when they were runner-up in both CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup and Copa Presidente and seven of their First Division titles.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ Firpo's historical rivals are C.D.", "C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo __knowledge__ Águila, Alianza F.C.", "Ridged band __knowledge__ The ridged band is a band of highly innervated wrinkly skin toward the end of the foreskin.", "Ridged band __knowledge__ The term \"ridged\" is used to describe the area instead of the more commonly used term \"wrinkled\".", "Ridged band __knowledge__ It has, especially in regard to phimosis (and preputioplasty), been called preputial ring or phimotic ring, \"ring\" being analogous to \"band\", referring to the shape, and \"preputial\" meaning \"pertaining to the prepuce\".", "Ridged band __knowledge__ More particularly, it refers to the transitional area from the external to the internal surface of the prepuce, or foreskin.", "Ridged band __knowledge__ John R. Taylor, MB, a Canadian pathologist and medical researcher, first used the term \"ridged band\" instead of \"wrinkly skin\" and described the ridged band at the \"Second International Symposium on Circumcision\", organized by NOCIRC in San Francisco, 1991, after examining the foreskins of 22 adults obtained at autopsy.", "Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival __knowledge__ The Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival (PRCF) is an annual ensemble of comedy taking place throughout the Plymouth, MA area.", "Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival __knowledge__ Various comedic acts, both local and national, take the stage in this near-weeklong event that is put forth by Loretta LaRoche Productions.", "Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival __knowledge__ Originating in 2010, the PRCF includes many settings for comedians to showcase their talents.", "Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival __knowledge__ Nights of entertainment include: \"Ruffled Feathers Face-off\", \"He Said/She Said Battle of the Sexes\", \"Raw Comedy\" and the \"Ruffled Feathers Roast\".", "Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival __knowledge__ Aside from the comedic lineup, the Plymouth Rock Comedy Festival also bestows honors and awards to local community members who have benefited the world around them.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ A mandoline ( or ; ) is a cooking utensil used for slicing and for cutting juliennes; with suitable attachments, it can make crinkle-cuts.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ A mandoline consists of two parallel working surfaces, one of which can be adjusted in height.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ A food item is slid along the adjustable surface until it reaches a blade mounted on the fixed surface, slicing it and letting it fall.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ Other blades perpendicular to the main blade are often mounted so that the slice is cut into strips.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ The mandoline juliennes in several widths and thicknesses.", "Mandoline __knowledge__ It also makes slices, waffle cuts and crinkle cuts, and dices firm vegetables and fruits.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ Crinkle Crags is a fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ It forms part of two major rings of mountains, surrounding the valleys of Great Langdale and Upper Eskdale.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ The name reflects the fell's physical appearance as its summit ridge is a series of five rises and depressions (crinkles) that are very distinctive from the valley floor.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ In Old English, \"cringol\" means twisted or wrinkled.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ The nomenclature of the various tops is very confused.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ Traditional guidebooks tend to rely on what the eye sees and therefore focus attention upon the five ‘crinkles’ of the summit ridge.", "Crinkle Crags __knowledge__ These are generally referred to as the first to fifth crinkles, but Richards starts in the north, Birkett in the south and Wainwright employs both conventions, depending upon the direction of travel.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Crinkle-cutting is slicing that leaves a corrugated surface.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ This is done with corrugated knives or mandoline blades.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Crinkle-cut potato chips are sometimes called ruffled, by analogy with a ruffle in sewing.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ French fries or sweet potato fries may also be crinkle-cut, and may be called \"wavy fries\".", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ If the potato is turned 90° between cuts, the result is waffle fries.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ Potato chips with a waffle fry cut, however, are more properly characterized as \"lattice cut\" chips.", "Crinkle-cutting __knowledge__ \"Pommes gaufrettes\", waffle fries, or criss-cross fries are fries obtained by quarter-turning the potato before each pass over the corrugated blade of a mandoline and deep-frying.", "Crinkle crankle wall __knowledge__ A crinkle crankle wall, also known as a crinkum crankum, serpentine, ribbon or wavy wall, is an unusual type of garden wall.", "Crinkle crankle wall __knowledge__ The crinkle crankle wall economizes on bricks, despite its sinuous configuration, because it can be made just one brick thin.", "Crinkle crankle wall __knowledge__ If a wall this thin were to be made in a straight line, without buttresses, it would easily topple over.", "Crinkle crankle wall __knowledge__ The alternate convex and concave curves in the wall provide stability and help it to resist lateral forces.", "Crinkle crankle wall __knowledge__ Both crinkle and crankle are defined as something with bends and turns (\"Webster's\"), but the term is also thought to come from Old English meaning zig-zag.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ Cold Pike is a fell in the English Lake District.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ It is a satellite of Crinkle Crags and stands above the Upper Duddon Valley.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ When travelling clockwise Crinkle Crags is the last of the high cirque of fells forming the head of upper Eskdale.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ It sends out a trio of ridges to the south, running parallel like the prongs of a trident.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ Working from the west these ridges culminate in Hard Knott, Little Stand and Cold Pike.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ The Cold Pike ridge begins indistinctly in an area of rocky knolls and small tarns beneath the Fifth Crinkle.", "Cold Pike __knowledge__ Gradually gaining definition it descends to a broad grassy saddle before rising again to the summit plateau of Cold Pike.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ The crinkle-collared manucode (\"Manucodia chalybatus\") is a species of bird-of-paradise.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ The crinkle-collared manucode is found throughout lowlands and hill forests in mainland New Guinea and Misool Island of West Papua.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ The diet consists mainly of fruits and figs.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ Widespread and a common species throughout its habitat range, the crinkle-collared manucode is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.", "Crinkle-collared manucode __knowledge__ The crinkle-collared manucode is medium-sized, up to 36 cm long, greenish blue, black and purple-glossed with a long graduated tail, red iris and iridescent green breast feathers." ] ]

[ 1, 64, 64 ]

[ "I really like crinkle cut fries, do you? theyre considered chips in the uk", "crinkle cuts are sometimes considered ruffled", "The way they make crinkle cut is by corrugated knives or mandoline blades." ]

[ "French fries", "French fries", "French fries" ]

[ "Red hair", "Interesting, Red hair is popular to what tribe?", "How about the Indians?", "ed orange and strawberry blondee ,are those a type of red hair?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Red Horn __knowledge__ Red Horn is a culture hero in Siouan oral traditions, specifically of the Ioway and Hocąk (Winnebago) nations.", "Red Horn __knowledge__ He has different names.", "Red Horn __knowledge__ Only in Hocąk literature is he known as \"Red Horn\" (\"Hešucka\"), but among the Ioway and Hocągara both, he is known by one of his variant names, \"He Who Wears (Man) Faces on His Ears\".", "Red Horn __knowledge__ This name derives from the living faces on his earlobes (Hocąk), or earbobs that come to life when he places them on his ears (Ioway).", "Red Horn __knowledge__ Elsewhere, he is given yet another name, \"Red Man\" (\"Wąkšucka\"), because his entire body is red from head to toe.", "Red Horn __knowledge__ Red Horn was one of the five sons of Earthmaker, whom the Creator fashioned with his own hands and sent to earth to rescue humanity.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Henna __knowledge__ Henna () is a dye prepared from the plant \"Lawsonia inermis\", also known as hina, the henna tree, the mignonette tree, and the Egyptian privet, the sole species of the \"Lawsonia\" genus.", "Henna __knowledge__ \"Henna\" can also refer to the temporary body art (staining) based on those dyes (see also mehndi).", "Henna __knowledge__ Henna has been used since antiquity to dye skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics including silk, wool and leather.", "Henna __knowledge__ Historically, henna was used in the Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, parts of Southeast Asia, Carthage, other parts of North Africa and the Horn of Africa.", "Henna __knowledge__ The name is used in other skin and hair dyes, such as \"black henna\" and \"neutral henna\", which is derived from specific parts of the henna plant that are harvested at individual times.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the major and minor characters featured in and/or created specifically for the Cartoon Network and Kids' WB animated series \"Teen Titans\" and related properties.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Although he is the only one of the group without any superpowers, by virtue of his heroic experience and reputation, Robin is the highly disciplined leader of the Teen Titans.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ As elaborated upon in the \"Go\" episode, Robin forms the group after aiding Starfire in her escape from captivity, with the help of Beast Boy, Cyborg, and Raven.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Prior to this, he left his mentor, Batman, (though not mentioned by name), in an effort to make it on their own as a crime-fighters.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ This group lies in the s-block of the periodic table of elements as all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ Since , they have played at Progressive Field.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with nine Central Division titles and six American League pennants.", "Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought.", "Massachusett __knowledge__ The Massachusett are a Native American people who historically lived in areas surrounding Massachusetts Bay, as well as northeast and southern Massachusetts in what is now the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, including present-day Greater Boston.", "Massachusett __knowledge__ Tribal members spoke the Massachusett language, which is part of the Algonquian language family.", "Massachusett __knowledge__ The present-day U.S state of Massachusetts is named after the tribe.", "Massachusett __knowledge__ The name Massachusett means “people of the great hills”, referring to the Blue Hills south of Boston Harbor.", "Massachusett __knowledge__ As one of the first groups of indigenous American peoples to encounter English colonists, the Massachusett experienced a rapid decline in population in the 17th and 18th centuries due to new infectious diseases.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ They are in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ Since 1994, they have played in Progressive Field.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Cleveland team originated in 1900 as the Lake Shores, when the American League (AL) was officially a minor league.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ The Grand Rapids Rustlers was founded in Michigan in 1894 and were in the Western League.", "History of the Cleveland Indians __knowledge__ In 1900 the team moved to Cleveland and was named The Cleveland Lake Shores.", "Texas–Indian wars __knowledge__ The Texas–Indian wars were a series of 19th-century conflicts between settlers in Texas and the Southern Plains Indians.", "Texas–Indian wars __knowledge__ These conflicts began when the first wave of European-American settlers moved into Spanish Texas.", "Texas–Indian wars __knowledge__ They continued through Texas's time as part of Mexico, when more Europeans and Anglo-Americans arrived, to the subsequent declaration of independence by the Republic of Texas.", "Texas–Indian wars __knowledge__ The conflicts did not end until thirty years after Texas joined the United States.", "Texas–Indian wars __knowledge__ Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the \"Lords of the Plains.\"", "Massachusett language __knowledge__ The Massachusett language is an Algonquian language of the Algic language family, formerly spoken by several peoples of eastern coastal and south-eastern Massachusetts and currently, in its revived form, in four communities of Wampanoag people.", "Massachusett language __knowledge__ The language is also known as Natick or Wôpanâak (Wampanoag) and historically as Pokanoket, Indian or Nonantum.", "Massachusett language __knowledge__ The language is most notable for creating a community of literate Indians and for the number of translations of religious texts into the language.", "Massachusett language __knowledge__ John Eliot's translation of the Christian Bible in 1663 using the Natick dialect, known as \"Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God\", was the first printed in the Americas, the first Bible translated by a non-native speaker and one of the earliest example of a Bible translation into a previously unwritten language.", "Society of American Indians __knowledge__ The Society of American Indians (1911–1923) was the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians.", "Society of American Indians __knowledge__ The Society pioneered twentieth century Pan-Indianism, the movement promoting unity among American Indians regardless of tribal affiliation.", "Society of American Indians __knowledge__ The Society was a forum for a new generation of American Indian leaders known as Red Progressives, prominent professionals from the fields of medicine, nursing, law, government, education, anthropology and ministry.", "Society of American Indians __knowledge__ They shared the enthusiasm and faith of Progressive Era white reformers in the inevitability of progress through education and governmental action.", "Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin __knowledge__ Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin (NRI-PIO), also called Overseas Indians or Indian Diaspora, are people of Indian birth or descent who live outside the Republic of India.", "Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin __knowledge__ As per Ministry of External Affairs report there are approximately 30.8 million Indian diaspora residing outside India.", "Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin __knowledge__ India has the largest diaspora population in the world with over 15.6 million according to United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.", "Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin __knowledge__ Strictly speaking, the term says non-resident refers only to the tax status of a person who, as per section 6 of the Income-tax Act of 1961, has not resided in India for a specified period for the purposes of the Income Tax Act.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Afro-Brazilians (; ) is a term used in the 21st century by some in Brazil to refer to Brazilian people with African ancestry.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ The term does not have widespread use in Brazil, where social constructs and classifications have been based on appearance.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ People with noticeable African features and skin color are generally referred to (and they identify) as \"negro\" or \"preto\" (\"black\").", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Many members of another group of people, multiracial Brazilians, or \"pardos\", also have a range of degree of African ancestry.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Preto and pardo are among five color categories used by the Brazilian Census, along with \"branco\" (\"white\"), \"amarelo\" (\"yellow\", East Asian) and \"indígena\" (Amerindian).", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ White Brazilians ( ) refers to Brazilian citizens of European or Levantine descent.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Census, they totaled 91,051,646 people, and made up 47.73% of the Brazilian population.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The main ancestry of white Brazilians is Portuguese, followed by Italian, Spanish, German, and other German-speaking nationalities (Austrian, Swiss, Luxembourger and Volga German) Slavic (Polish, Ukrainian, Russian etc), Levantine, Dutch, French and Baltic.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The white Brazilian population is spread throughout the national territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 79.8% of the population has European or Caucasian phenotype, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans are Latin Americans who are considered white, typically due to European, or in some cases Levantine, descent.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ Latin American countries have often encouraged miscegenation, and even a small amount of European ancestry could entail significant upwards social mobility.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ People descended from European settlers who arrived in the Americas during the colonial and post-independence periods can be found throughout Latin America.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ Most of the earliest settlers were Spanish and Portuguese; after independence, the most numerous immigrants have been Spanish and Italians, followed by Germans, Levantine Semites, Poles, Irish, British, French, Russians, Belgians, Dutch, Scandinavians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Croats, Swiss, Greeks, and other Europeans.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish populations today.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ In particular, they investigate whether there is a common genetic heritage among various Jewish populations.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry and up to 75% Levantine genes.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of \"two or more races\".", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ the one-drop rule).", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised.", "White people __knowledge__ White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Caucasian ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context.", "White people __knowledge__ The usage of \"white people\" or a \"white race\" for a large group of (mainly European) populations, defined besides other characteristics by their light skin and contrasting with \"black people\", Native Americans, \"colored\" or \"persons of color\" originated in the 17th century.", "White people __knowledge__ It was only during the 18th century, that this floating category was transformed in a quasi-scientific system of race and skin color relations.", "White people __knowledge__ The concept of a homogeneous white race did not achieve universal acceptance in Europe.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of complete or predominant European descent.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ While the Mexican government periodically conducts racial censuses for \"Indigenous Mexicans\" and \"Afro-Mexicans\" it has not conducted a census for European Mexicans for nearly a century.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ Estimates of this ethnic group as a segment of the country's population range from 9% and 20% according to \"The World Factbook\" and Encyclopædia Britannica to as high as 47% according to the ENADIS 2010 (National Survey About Discrimination), conducted by the CONAPRED (National Council to Prevent Discrimination) as a mean to address the problems of racism that Mexicans of mainly Indigenous or African ancestry suffer at hands of a society that favors light skinned, European looking Mexicans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures is an American/French/Canadian CGI animated television series based on the Strawberry Shortcake franchise.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ The series, produced by MoonScoop Group, with later episodes by Splash Entertainment, and in association with American Greetings, follows the adventures of Strawberry and her friends who live in Berry Bitty City.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ It is the third iteration of the franchise overall, following the original 1980s version, and the 2003 relaunch.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ There have been three DVD \"movies\" released by 20th Century Fox, as well as a toy line originally made by Hasbro and The Bridge Direct.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Organ-on-a-chip __knowledge__ An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ.", "Organ-on-a-chip __knowledge__ It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS.", "Organ-on-a-chip __knowledge__ The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms.", "Organ-on-a-chip __knowledge__ One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.", "San Baudelio de Berlanga __knowledge__ The Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (\"Ermita de San Baudelio de Berlanga\") is an early 11th-century church at Caltojar in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain, 80 km south of Berlanga de Duero.", "San Baudelio de Berlanga __knowledge__ It is an example of Mozarabic architecture and was built in the 11th century, in what was then the frontier between Islamic and Christian lands.", "San Baudelio de Berlanga __knowledge__ It is dedicated to Saint Baudilus or Baudel.", "San Baudelio de Berlanga __knowledge__ Declared a national monument in 1917, The Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga is thought to have been built to honor Saint Baudilus, or San Baudelio as he is known in Spanish.", "San Baudelio de Berlanga __knowledge__ Saint Baudilus was a monk who lived during the second or third century in Nîmes and is mentioned in two twelfth-century documents.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ In the RGB color space it is a tertiary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the .", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ The complementary color of orange is azure.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Varieties of the color orange may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "History of Crayola crayons __knowledge__ Since the introduction of Crayola drawing crayons by Binney & Smith in 1903, more than two hundred distinctive colors have been produced in a wide variety of assortments.", "History of Crayola crayons __knowledge__ The line has undergone several major revisions in its history, notably in 1935, 1949, 1958, and 1990.", "History of Crayola crayons __knowledge__ Numerous specialty crayons have also been produced, complementing the basic Crayola assortment.", "History of Crayola crayons __knowledge__ After several decades producing commercial pigments, Binney & Smith produced their first crayon, the black Staonal Marking Crayon, in 1902.", "History of Crayola crayons __knowledge__ The following year, the company decided to enter the consumer market with its first drawing crayons.", "Texas Longhorns football __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football.", "Texas Longhorns football __knowledge__ The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns football __knowledge__ The team is coached by Tom Herman and home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.", "Texas Longhorns football __knowledge__ Beginning in 1893, the Texas Longhorns football program is one of the most highly regarded and historic programs of all time.", "Texas Longhorns football __knowledge__ From 1937 to 1946 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Dana X. Bible, and then from 1957 to 1976 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Darrell K Royal, who won three national championships.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5 ]

[ "I have red hair and it actually occurs naturally in 1 to 2 % of the population. I must admit though mine isn't natural!", "I know that it occurs more frequently in people of northern or western European ancestry and less frequently in other populatios", "I havent seen anything about that but maybe. It varies in hues from deep burgundy or bright copper through to burnt orange or red orange and strawberry blondee", "apparently yes. it is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin" ]

[ "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair" ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "I don't have a dog but often meet friends who walk them.", "Are they really from Germany? My father had this species of dog in his youth. Do they hunt?", "And what about dogs who lead the blind?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "NF-κB __knowledge__ NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.", "NF-κB __knowledge__ NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens.", "NF-κB __knowledge__ NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection.", "NF-κB __knowledge__ Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer and writer, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ Over the course of his career as a Member of Parliament (MP), he represented five constituencies in both England and Scotland.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ During his time as Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to an allied victory in the Second World War.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ He was Conservative Party leader from 1940 to 1955.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ In 1953, Churchill won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his lifetime body of work, the prize cited \"his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\".", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2006, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ 2006 was a year when many families joined \"EastEnders\".", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ First, Deano Wicks, his sister Carly Wicks and father Kevin Wicks joined.", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ Then, the Fox family appeared, with the characters of Denise Fox, Chelsea Fox and Libby Fox as members.", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ The Branning family was extended with Max Branning, Tanya Branning, Abi Branning and Lauren Branning all joining.", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ Also, May Wright, Jay Brown and Shirley Carter, the biological mother of Deano and Carly, all joined the show.", "List of EastEnders characters (2006) __knowledge__ Also, Owen Turner, Denise's abusive ex-husband, and his mother Liz both arrived in this year.", "Mohamed Rifnas __knowledge__ Mohamed Rifnas (born 9 January 1995) is a Sri Lankan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Renown Sports Club in the Sri Lanka Football Premier League.He operates primarily as a central midfielder and is comfortable playing both in attack and defense.", "Mohamed Rifnas __knowledge__ Rifnas began his club career with Colombo FC in 2011 as a teenager & helped them to promote from Division 1 to Champions League.", "Mohamed Rifnas __knowledge__ During his time with Colombo FC, he established himself as one of the most promising young players in South Asia.", "Mohamed Rifnas __knowledge__ After helping Colombo FC to the FA CUP finals same season.", "Mohamed Rifnas __knowledge__ Renown Sports Club of the Sri Lanka Football Premier League made an effort to sign the Golden Boy to join his elder Brother to star studded team.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ Vaisakhi (IAST: ), also known as Baisakhi, Vaishakhi, or Vasakhi is a historical and religious festival in Sikhism and Hinduism.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ It is usually celebrated on April 13 or 14 every year.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ Vaisakhi marks birth of the Khalsa way of living in the Sikh religion.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ and commemorates the formation of Khalsa panth of warriors under Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ It is additionally a spring harvest festival for the Sikhs.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ Vaisakhi is also an ancient festival of Hindus, marking the Solar New Year and also celebrating the spring harvest.", "Vaisakhi __knowledge__ It marks the sacredness of rivers in Hindu culture, it is regionally known by many names, but celebrated in broadly similar ways.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Dog agility is a dog sport in which a handler directs a dog through an obstacle course in a race for both time and accuracy.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Dogs run off leash with no food or toys as incentives, and the handler can touch neither dog nor obstacles.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Consequently, the handler's controls are limited to voice, movement, and various body signals, requiring exceptional training of the animal and coordination of the handler.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ In its simplest form, an agility course consists of a set of standard obstacles laid out by a judge in a design of his or her own choosing in an area of a specified size.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ The surface may be of grass, dirt, rubber, or special matting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Neutering, from the Latin \"neuter\" (\"of neither sex\"), is the removal of an animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part.", "Neutering __knowledge__ \"Neutering\" is often used incorrectly to refer only to male animals, but the term actually applies to both sexes.", "Neutering __knowledge__ The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing.", "Neutering __knowledge__ In male horses, castrating is referred to as \"gelding\".", "Neutering __knowledge__ Modern veterinary practice tends to use the term de-sexing.", "Neutering __knowledge__ Neutering is the most common method for the sterilization of animals.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ A hunting dog refers to a canine that hunts with or for humans.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ There are several types of hunting dogs developed for various tasks.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ The major categories of hunting dogs include hounds, terriers, dachshunds, cur type dogs, and gun dogs.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Among these categories further divisions can be made based upon the dogs' skill sets.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ For a list of breeds of each type, see the detailed articles for each category: Spaniels definitively fall into two types: ones that seek prey in water and others that seek it on land.", "Hunting dog __knowledge__ Spaniels are the oldest class of gundog in existence, going back at least to the late Renaissance.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Guiding Eyes for the Blind is one of eleven accredited schools in the U.S. for training guide dogs — dogs trained to lead the blind and visually impaired.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ With its headquarters, training center and veterinary clinic in Yorktown Heights, New York, Guiding Eyes also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York and a training site in White Plains, New York.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ The school offers a program designed for blind and visually impaired students with additional developmental or physical challenges, such as deafness or seizure disorders.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Dogs and staff are specifically selected and receive extra training to enable them to assist these students.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is often referred to as a \"toller\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ Tollers are known to be intelligent, easy to please, alert, and high-energy dogs.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The name \"toller\" is derived from their ability to lure waterfowl within gunshot range.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed originated in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club ranks the toller as the 87th most popular dog breed.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the community of Little River Harbour in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, around the beginning of the 19th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "List of Ashes to Ashes characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters that have appeared in BBC One's science fiction/police procedural drama, \"Ashes to Ashes\".", "List of Ashes to Ashes characters __knowledge__ DCI Jim Keats (Daniel Mays) appears as the main antagonist of the third series, as an officer sent from the Discipline and Complaints Department (D&C) to assess Fenchurch East CID as part of Operation Countryman.", "List of Ashes to Ashes characters __knowledge__ During episode one, Keats quietly vows to Hunt that he will \"dismantle the station around him\" and that he knows \"what Hunt really did\", along with informing Alex Drake that he'll \"help her\" and that he knows \"what she is going through\".", "List of Ashes to Ashes characters __knowledge__ Upon finding that Drake requested old files and statements regarding the death of Sam Tyler, Keats informs Drake that he thinks Hunt killed Tyler.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "James Hunt __knowledge__ James Simon Wallis Hunt (29 August 1947 – 15 June 1993) was a British racing driver who won the Formula One World Championship in .", "James Hunt __knowledge__ After retiring from racing in 1979, Hunt became a media commentator and businessman.", "James Hunt __knowledge__ Beginning his racing career in touring car racing, Hunt progressed into Formula Three, where he attracted the attention of the Hesketh Racing team and soon came under their wing.", "James Hunt __knowledge__ Hunt's often reckless and action-packed exploits on track earned him the nickname \"Hunt the Shunt\" (\"shunt\" as a British racing term means \"crash\").", "James Hunt __knowledge__ Hunt entered Formula One in , driving a March 731 entered by the Hesketh Racing team.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ The East European Shepherd (VEO) (in Russian: Восточно-европейская овчарка (ВЕО)) —is a breed of dog that was developed in the 1930-1950s based on German Shepherd Dogs to create a larger cold-resistant breed for military use, police work and border guard duties in the Soviet Union.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ VEOs are also used as guide dogs for the blind and there are VEO therapy dogs.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ This breed is popular in Russia where it entered a public culture and acquired a legendary status as an extremely smart and loyal dog devoted to their owners.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed is well known in other ex-Soviet Union republics.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ In the West, the East-European Shepherd is a rare breed that is not well known: information about the breed on online sources, in English, is limited and often incorrect or distorted.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund (German for \"protection dog\") is a dog sport that was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a breed suitability test for the German Shepherd breed.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ The test would determine if the dog displayed the appropriate traits and characteristics of a proper working German Shepherd.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Today, it is used as a sport where many breeds other than German Shepherd Dogs can compete, but it is such a demanding test that few dogs can pass.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund tests dogs of all breeds for the traits necessary for police-type work.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Dogs that pass Schutzhund tests should be suitable for a wide variety of tasks: police work, specific odor detection, search and rescue, and many others." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Although they need substantial outdoor exercise, they should be housed in a fenced area because of their instinctual tendency to roam.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed is a prominent participant in conformation shows for purebred dogs.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is popular as a disability assistance dog such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ In addition, they are trained to be a hunting dog, a detection dog, and a search and rescue participant.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The breed's friendly, gentle temperament means it is unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Guiding Eyes for the Blind is one of eleven accredited schools in the U.S. for training guide dogs — dogs trained to lead the blind and visually impaired.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ With its headquarters, training center and veterinary clinic in Yorktown Heights, New York, Guiding Eyes also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York and a training site in White Plains, New York.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ The school offers a program designed for blind and visually impaired students with additional developmental or physical challenges, such as deafness or seizure disorders.", "Guiding Eyes for the Blind __knowledge__ Dogs and staff are specifically selected and receive extra training to enable them to assist these students.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association __knowledge__ The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (working name Guide Dogs) is a British charitable organisation founded in 1934.", "The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association __knowledge__ Guide Dogs helps blind and partially sighted people across the UK through the provision of guide dogs, mobility and other rehabilitation services.", "The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association __knowledge__ They also campaign for the rights of those with visual impairments and invest in eye disease research.", "The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association __knowledge__ The head office is near Reading in Berkshire.", "The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association __knowledge__ There are four Guide Dog Training Schools in the UK, located in Redbridge, Leamington, Atherton in England and Forfar in Scotland; a breeding centre near Leamington; 20 Mobility Teams and fundraising branches across the UK.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Waterfowl hunting (also called wildfowling or waterfowl shooting in the UK) is the practice of hunting ducks, geese, or other waterfowl for food and sport.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ In many western countries, commercial waterfowl hunting is prohibited, and duck hunting is primarily an outdoor sporting activity.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Many types of ducks and geese share the same habitat, have overlapping or identical hunting seasons, and are hunted using the same methods.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Thus it is possible to take different species of waterfowl in the same outing.", "Waterfowl hunting __knowledge__ Waterfowl can be hunted in crop fields where they feed, or, more frequently, on or near bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, sloughs, or oceanic coastlines.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "2005 Iditarod __knowledge__ The ceremonial start of the 33rd annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the US state of Alaska began in Anchorage on March 5, 2005 at 10 am AKST (19:00 UTC), and restarted in Willow the next day at 2 pm (23:00 UTC).", "2005 Iditarod __knowledge__ After covering of wilderness, musher Robert Sørlie, an airport firefighter from Norway, crossed the finish line under the \"burled arch\" in Nome on March 16 at 8:39 am AKST (17:39 UTC).", "2005 Iditarod __knowledge__ After taking care of his dogs, and an inspection to make sure all the mandatory equipment was in his sled, Sørlie was declared the winner by Race Marshal Mark Norman, with a time of 9 days, 18 hours, 39 minutes, and 31 seconds and won US$72,066.67 and a new truck.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ Guide Dogs for the Blind (GDB) is a guide dog school located in the United States, with campuses in San Rafael, California, and Boring, Oregon.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ It was founded in 1942 by Lois Merrihew and Don Donaldson to help veterans who had been blinded in World War II.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ Guide Dogs for the Blind has about 2000 Guide Dog teams across the United States and Canada.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ Guide Dogs for the Blind was established in 1942 in response to the need for service dogs to help wounded servicemen that were coming back blind from World War II.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ The first building it operated in was a rented house in Los Gatos, California.", "Guide Dogs for the Blind __knowledge__ The first dog to graduate through the program was a rescued German Shepherd named Blondie; she was paired with Sgt.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) is an organization of blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ It is the oldest and largest organization led by blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Its national headquarters are in Baltimore, Maryland.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Anyone, blind or sighted, is permitted to join the NFB, but a majority of members in its local chapters, state affiliates, and nationwide divisions must be blind, as must its officers and board members at every level with exception of the National Organization of Parents of Blind Children.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ This structure is intended to ensure that the organization is run by blind people and reflects the collective views of its blind members, the NFB refers to itself as \"the voice of the nation's blind.\"", "DealNews __knowledge__ DealNews is a comparison shopping website for consumer electronics, apparel, and other products.", "DealNews __knowledge__ Founded in 1997 by Daniel de Grandpre, the website was included in PCWorld's “100 Best Products of 2006 List\".", "DealNews __knowledge__ According to Alexa Internet, Inc., DealNews.com is a top 1,000 website in the USA.", "DealNews __knowledge__ During the Black Friday season, the site publishes data driven shopping reports, including deal predictions and price benchmarks for various categories.", "DealNews __knowledge__ The DealNews app is available for both iOS and Android smartphones.", "DealNews __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Huntsville, AL.", "DealNews __knowledge__ The website was launched in 1997 by Daniel de Grandpre and Richard Moss as deal-mac.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ Burns Manor was the Calgary residence of Senator Pat Burns, a successful businessman who founded Burns Meat.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ It was located at 510 13th Avenue S.W.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ in the Beltline District of Calgary, Alberta.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ Construction started in July 1900 and was completed in January 1903.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ The property was torn down in May 1956 to make room for an expansion of the Colonel Belcher Hospital.", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ (The Colonel Belcher Hospital's services have been relocated to Carewest Colonel Belcher, and today the original location of Burns Manor is now the site of the Sheldon M. Chumir Health Centre).", "Burns Manor __knowledge__ Pat Burns commissioned the house to be built in 1900.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ Air-sea rescue (ASR or A/SR, also known as sea-air rescue ) is the coordinated search and rescue (SAR) of the survivors of emergency water landings as well as people who have survived the loss of their seagoing vessel.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ ASR can involve a wide variety of resources including seaplanes, helicopters, submarines, rescue boats and ships.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ Specialized equipment and techniques have been developed.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ Military and civilian units can perform air-sea rescue.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ Air-sea rescue operations carried out during war have saved valuable trained and experienced airmen.", "Air-sea rescue __knowledge__ Moreover, the knowledge that such operations are being carried out greatly enhanced the morale of the combat aircrew faced not only with the expected hostile reaction of the enemy but with the possible danger of aircraft malfunction during long overwater flights.", "CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 __knowledge__ On 29 April 2016, a CHC Helikopter Service Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma helicopter, carrying oil workers from the Gullfaks B platform in the North Sea, crashed near Turøy, a Norwegian coastal island from the city of Bergen.", "CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 __knowledge__ Several witnesses reported initially seeing nothing untoward with the helicopter flying steadily, before the sound suddenly changed and it started to sway.", "CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 __knowledge__ A moment later its main rotor assembly detached from the aircraft and the fuselage plummeted to the ground and exploded into flames.", "CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 __knowledge__ All thirteen crew and passengers died in the crash.", "CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 __knowledge__ The accident aircraft was an EC225LP Super Puma helicopter, manufactured by Eurocopter (now named Airbus Helicopters), registration LN-OJF.", "Shotgun __knowledge__ A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder, which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid projectile called a slug.", "Shotgun __knowledge__ Shotguns come in a wide variety of sizes, ranging from 5.5 mm (.22 inch) bore up to bore, and in a range of firearm operating mechanisms, including breech loading, single-barreled, double or combination gun, pump-action, bolt-, and lever-action, semi-automatic, and even fully automatic variants.", "Shotgun __knowledge__ A shotgun is generally a smoothbore firearm, which means that the inside of the barrel is not rifled.", "Letterist International __knowledge__ The Letterist International (LI) was a Paris-based collective of radical artists and theorists between 1952 and 1957.", "Letterist International __knowledge__ It was created by Guy Debord as a from Isidore Isou's Letterist group.", "Letterist International __knowledge__ The group went on to join others in forming the Situationist International, taking some key techniques and ideas with it.", "Letterist International __knowledge__ The spelling 'Lettrist' is also common in English, but 'Letterist' was the form the French group (\"Internationale Lettriste\") themselves preferred, and used in their 1955 sticker: 'If you believe you have genius, or if you think you have only a brilliant intelligence, write the letterist internationale.'", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Fire engine __knowledge__ A fire engine (also known in some territories as a fire apparatus, fire truck, or fire appliance) is a vehicle designed primarily for firefighting operations.", "Fire engine __knowledge__ In addition, many fire departments/fire services often employ their vehicles for various other uses including emergency medical services and rescue purposes.", "Fire engine __knowledge__ The terms \"fire engine\" and \"fire truck\" are often used interchangeably.", "Fire engine __knowledge__ The primary purposes of a fire engine include transporting firefighters to an incident scene, providing water with which to fight a fire, and carrying other equipment needed by firefighters.", "Fire engine __knowledge__ A typical modern vehicle will carry tools for a wide range of firefighting and rescue tasks, with common equipment including ladders, a self-contained breathing apparatus, ventilating equipment, first aid kits, and hydraulic rescue tools.", "Fire and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ Fire and Rescue NSW (previously known as New South Wales Fire Brigades), an agency of the Government of New South Wales, Australia, is responsible for firefighting, rescue and hazmat services in the major cities, metropolitan areas and towns across rural and regional New South Wales.", "Fire and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ Fire and Rescue NSW is the seventh largest urban fire service in the world, with over 6,800 firefighters serving at 339 fire stations throughout the state, 400 support staff, and 7,200 community fire unit volunteers.", "Fire and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ FRNSW attended over 194,000 incidents and undertook 57,000 community activities in 2011/12.", "Fire and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ FRNSW also works closely with the NSW Rural Fire Service in regional areas.", "Edward L. Atkinson __knowledge__ Edward Leicester Atkinson, (23 November 1881 – 20 February 1929) was a Royal Navy surgeon and Antarctic explorer who was a member of the scientific staff of Captain Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13.", "Edward L. Atkinson __knowledge__ He was in command of the expedition's base at Cape Evans for much of 1912, and led the party which found the tent containing the bodies of Scott, \"Birdie\" Bowers and Edward Wilson.", "Edward L. Atkinson __knowledge__ Atkinson was subsequently associated with two controversies: that relating to Scott's orders concerning the use of dogs, and that relating to the possible incidence of scurvy in the polar party.", "Edward L. Atkinson __knowledge__ He is commemorated by the Atkinson Cliffs on the northern coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, at ." ] ]

[ 1, 76, 72, 45 ]

[ "Golden Retrievers are really nice dogs that like to hunt", "German Shepherds are nice dogs as well. They're from Germany", "No, they're mostly used for military and rescue purposes", "Those are good dogs too. They've been around since 1942." ]

[ "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Golden Retriever" ]