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28810
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28811
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28821
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28822
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28823
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28824
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28825
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28826
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28828
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28829
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28830
[ "DISCUSSION" ]
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28831
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28832
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28833
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28834
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28835
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28836
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28837
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28838
[ "Abstract" ]
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28839
[ "Background" ]
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28840
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28841
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28842
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28843
[ "Methods" ]
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28844
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28845
[ "Results" ]
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28846
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28847
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28848
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28849
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28850
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28851
[ "Conclusions" ]
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28852
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28853
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28854
[ "Background" ]
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28855
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28856
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28857
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28858
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28859
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28860
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28862
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28863
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28864
[ "Many", "patients", ",", "dissatisfied", "with", "conventional", "medicines", "because", "they", "expect", "permanent", "cures", ",", "believe", "that", "herbal", "remedies", "are", "'", "natural", "'", "and", "sometimes", "self", "-", "medicate", "without", "informing", "their", "attending", "physician", "." ]
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28865
[ "Although", "there", "is", "a", "long", "history", "of", "traditional", "use", "of", "medicinal", "herbs", "throughout", "the", "Caribbean", "[", "7", ",", "8", "]", "few", "studies", "were", "done", "to", "assess", "the", "prevalence", "of", "use", "." ]
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28866
[ "Surveys", "in", "Jamaica", "reported", "an", "almost", "100", "%", "use", "of", "herbal", "teas", "and", "remedies", "by", "respondents", "throughout", "the", "island", "[", "9", "]", "and", "71", "%", "in", "paediatrics", "inpatients", "at", "the", "University", "Hospital", "[", "10", "]", "." ]
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28867
[ "These", "studies", ",", "however", ",", "assessed", "only", "the", "lifetime", "use", "of", "medicinal", "herbs", "and", "did", "not", "identify", "their", "use", "for", "any", "particular", "disease", "." ]
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28868
[ "In", "Trinidad", "and", "Tobago", ",", "the", "use", "of", "'", "bush", "medicine", "'", "in", "diabetic", "patients", "attending", "primary", "healthcare", "facilities", "throughout", "the", "island", "was", "assessed", "and", "although", "42", "%", "reportedly", "used", "herbs", ",", "only", "24", "%", "used", "this", "healthcare", "modality", "for", "self", "-", "management", "of", "diabetes", "[", "11", "]", "." ]
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28869
[ "Another", "survey", "conducted", "at", "an", "outpatient", "surgical", "facility", "in", "Trinidad", "indicated", "a", "lifetime", "prevalence", "of", "86", "%", "among", "patients", "[", "12", "]", "for", "any", "healthcare", "issue", "." ]
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28870
[ "This", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "assess", "the", "extent", "of", "use", "of", "herbal", "remedies", "by", "asthmatic", "patients", "attending", "a", "specialty", "chest", "clinic", "in", "Trinidad", "for", "symptomatic", "relief", "and", "to", "determine", "the", "factors", "influencing", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "decision", "to", "use", "herbs", "." ]
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28871
[ "Methods" ]
[ 0 ]
28872
[ "The", "study", "was", "approved", "by", "the", "Ethics", "Committee", "of", "the", "Faculty", "of", "Medical", "Sciences", ",", "University", "of", "the", "West", "Indies", ",", "St", "." ]
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28873
[ "Augustine", "campus", "and", "permission", "to", "interview", "patients", "was", "granted", "by", "the", "Director", "of", "the", "Chest", "Clinic", "of", "the", "Ministry", "of", "Health", ",", "Trinidad", "and", "Tobago", "." ]
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28874
[ "The", "study", "was", "conducted", "over", "the", "two", "-", "month", "period", "June", "to", "July", "2003", "." ]
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28875
[ "Sample", "and", "setting" ]
[ 0, 0, 0 ]
28876
[ "The", "Chest", "Clinic", "was", "chosen", "as", "the", "source", "of", "subjects", "as", "this", "is", "the", "only", "national", "tertiary", "level", "health", "facility", "specializing", "in", "the", "management", "of", "respiratory", "diseases", "." ]
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28877
[ "Patients", "entering", "the", "study", "were", "physician", "-", "diagnosed", "asthmatics", "based", "on", "self", "-", "reporting", "symptoms", "of", "wheezing", ",", "chest", "tightness", "and", "nocturnal", "coughing", "in", "the", "previous", "year", "." ]
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28878
[ "Patients", "were", "recruited", "by", "consecutive", "sampling", "and", "the", "nature", "and", "purpose", "of", "the", "study", "were", "explained", "on", "an", "individual", "basis", "." ]
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28879
[ "Those", "confirming", "their", "willingness", "to", "participate", "signed", "their", "informed", "consent", "and", "were", "interviewed", "using", "a", "de", "novo", ",", "pilot", "-", "tested", ",", "researcher", "-", "administered", "questionnaire", "." ]
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28880
[ "Interview", "instrument" ]
[ 0, 0 ]
28881
[ "The", "questionnaire", "assessed", "demographic", "data", "such", "as", "age", ",", "gender", ",", "ethnicity", ",", "residential", "district", ",", "education", ",", "employment", "and", "socioeconomic", "status", "." ]
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28882
[ "Subjects", "reported", "their", "disease", "severity", "as", "intermittent", ",", "moderate", "or", "severe", "as", "determined", "by", "the", "Global", "Initiative", "for", "Asthma", "(", "GINA", ")", "guidelines", "with", "respect", "to", "symptom", "frequency", "[", "4", "]", "." ]
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28883
[ "Patients", "also", "reported", "their", "use", "of", "herbal", "remedies", ",", "identified", "the", "herbs", "used", ",", "the", "frequency", "of", "use", ",", "source", "of", "herbal", "medicines", "and", "the", "reasons", "for", "the", "use", "of", "herbs", "." ]
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28884
[ "Statistical", "analysis" ]
[ 0, 0 ]
28885
[ "The", "sample", "size", "was", "calculated", "as", "185", "patients", "assuming", "a", "prevalence", "of", "86", "%", "[", "13", "]", "with", "a", "confidence", "level", "of", "95", "%", "." ]
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28886
[ "Since", "all", "variables", "were", "categorical", ",", "chi", "2", "tests", "were", "performed", "to", "determine", "whether", "there", "were", "statistically", "significant", "associations", "between", "the", "use", "of", "herbs", "and", "these", "variables", "." ]
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28887
[ "The", "p", "value", "was", "set", "at", "<", "0", ".", "05", "for", "statistical", "significance", "." ]
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28888
[ "The", "data", "was", "analyzed", "using", "SPSS", "for", "Windows", "(", "Version", "9", ".", "0", ",", "Chicago", ",", "IL", ")", "." ]
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28889
[ "Results" ]
[ 0 ]
28890
[ "Demography" ]
[ 0 ]
28891
[ "During", "the", "study", "period", "one", "hundred", "and", "ninety", "one", "patients", "consented", "to", "participate", "." ]
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28892
[ "The", "demographic", "details", "of", "the", "sample", "are", "given", "in", "Table", "1", "." ]
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28893
[ "Patients", "between", "35", "and", "64", "years", "of", "age", "formed", "the", "largest", "portion", "of", "the", "sample", "(", "62", ".", "3", "%", ")", "." ]
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28894
[ "There", "was", "a", "significant", "gender", "difference", "with", "females", "outnumbering", "males", "by", "a", "2", ":", "1", "ratio", ",", "p", "<", "0", ".", "01", "." ]
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28895
[ "Most", "patients", "were", "of", "Asian", "Indian", "origin", "(", "58", ".", "1", "%", ")", "and", "resided", "in", "suburban", "areas", "(", "60", ".", "2", "%", ")", "." ]
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28896
[ "There", "was", "a", "high", "level", "of", "unemployment", "(", "30", ".", "4", "%", ")", ";", "this", "could", "be", "correlated", "to", "primary", "schooling", "(", "seven", "or", "less", "years", "of", "formal", "education", ")", "being", "the", "highest", "educational", "level", "attained", "in", "52", ".", "9", "%", "and", "no", "formal", "schooling", "in", "5", ".", "2", "%", "of", "the", "sample", "population", "." ]
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28897
[ "Income", "was", "low", ",", "with", "42", ".", "9", "%", "of", "the", "sample", "population", "earning", "below", "US", "$", "4", ",", "000", "per", "year", "." ]
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28898
[ "Antiasthmatic", "drug", "use" ]
[ 0, 0, 0 ]
28899
[ "The", "GINA", "guidelines", "were", "recently", "adopted", "in", "the", "Caribbean", "and", "asthmatic", "patients", "are", "currently", "treated", "according", "to", "their", "symptom", "severity", "." ]
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