id
stringlengths 1
5
| tokens
sequence | ner_tags
sequence |
---|---|---|
28800 | [
"For",
"the",
"sake",
"of",
"convenience",
",",
"additional",
"synchronization",
"routines",
"are",
"provided",
"for",
"locking",
"and",
"unlocking",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28801 | [
"This",
"parallel",
"algorithm",
"has",
"been",
"tested",
"on",
"several",
"platforms",
"and",
"file",
"systems",
"including",
"Intel",
"IA32",
",",
"IA64",
"Linux",
"platforms",
",",
"power3",
"and",
"power4",
"-",
"based",
"AIX",
"platforms",
"and",
"Sparc4",
"-",
"based",
"Solaris",
"platforms",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28802 | [
"The",
"code",
"was",
"run",
"on",
"800",
"processors",
"of",
"power4",
"-",
"based",
"datastar",
"machines",
"and",
"256",
"processors",
"of",
"IA64",
"-",
"based",
"teragrid",
"machines",
"located",
"at",
"the",
"San",
"Diego",
"Supercomputer",
"Center",
"(",
"SDSC",
")",
"to",
"test",
"scalability",
"issues",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28803 | [
"Single",
"-",
"processor",
"optimization",
"of",
"hmmpfam"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28804 | [
"Initially",
",",
"we",
"utilized",
"version",
"2",
".",
"2g",
"of",
"HMMER",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28805 | [
"Performance",
"analysis",
"revealed",
"that",
"the",
"main",
"computational",
"kernel",
"was",
"accessing",
"the",
"2D",
"arrays",
"with",
"a",
"wrong",
"stride",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28806 | [
"Correcting",
"this",
"resulted",
"in",
"doubling",
"of",
"the",
"performance",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"HMMER",
"developer",
"has",
"rectified",
"this",
"issue",
"in",
"release",
"2",
".",
"3",
".",
"2",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28807 | [
"In",
"addition",
",",
"HMMER",
"reads",
"the",
"database",
"file",
"from",
"disk",
"for",
"every",
"sequence",
"it",
"searches",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28808 | [
"This",
"is",
"extremely",
"inefficient",
"for",
"batch",
"searches",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28809 | [
"We",
"have",
"corrected",
"this",
"by",
"reading",
"the",
"whole",
"database",
"into",
"memory",
"once",
"and",
"conducting",
"searches",
"from",
"memory",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28810 | [
"Performance",
"testing"
] | [
0,
0
] |
28811 | [
"We",
"compared",
"our",
"improved",
"IA64",
"single",
"-",
"processor",
"hmmpfam",
"with",
"the",
"equivalent",
"program",
"from",
"the",
"original",
"HMMER",
"2",
".",
"3",
".",
"2",
"release",
"on",
"an",
"Itanium",
"II",
"IA64",
"processor",
"(",
"Figure",
"1",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28812 | [
"As",
"expected",
",",
"the",
"per",
"sequence",
"CPU",
"time",
"for",
"our",
"program",
"is",
"reduced",
"up",
"to",
"10",
"-",
"fold",
"in",
"batch",
"searches",
",",
"while",
"in",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"the",
"original",
"2",
".",
"3",
".",
"2",
"release",
",",
"it",
"is",
"linear",
"to",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"sequences",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28813 | [
"Performance",
"difference",
"in",
"single",
"-",
"sequence",
"processing",
"could",
"be",
"attributed",
"to",
"compilation",
"differences",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28814 | [
"Performance",
"differences",
"resulting",
"in",
"the",
"slope",
"difference",
"of",
"the",
"two",
"plots",
"may",
"be",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"elimination",
"of",
"the",
"need",
"to",
"reload",
"the",
"Pfam",
"database",
"from",
"disk",
"for",
"every",
"sequence",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28815 | [
"Processing",
"data",
"from",
"disk",
"can",
"be",
"an",
"order",
"of",
"magnitude",
"slower",
"than",
"processing",
"in",
"memory",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28816 | [
"Scaling",
"tests",
"were",
"conducted",
"on",
"a",
"128",
"-",
"node",
"Itanium",
"II",
"IA64",
"cluster",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28817 | [
"We",
"used",
"a",
"fixed",
"set",
"of",
"500",
"sequences",
"as",
"the",
"test",
"set",
"and",
"ran",
"on",
"1",
"-",
"32",
"processors",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28818 | [
"As",
"expected",
",",
"the",
"time",
"required",
"to",
"process",
"a",
"given",
"set",
"of",
"sequences",
"reduces",
"linearly",
"with",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"processors",
"(",
"data",
"not",
"shown",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28819 | [
"This",
"also",
"indicates",
"that",
"the",
"parallelization",
"overheads",
"using",
"our",
"method",
"are",
"minimal",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28820 | [
"However",
",",
"as",
"the",
"ratio",
"of",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"sequences",
"to",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"processors",
"reduces",
"to",
"one",
",",
"load",
"imbalances",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"processing",
"time",
"differences",
"between",
"different",
"sequences",
"start",
"to",
"dominate",
",",
"reducing",
"parallel",
"efficiency",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28821 | [
"Pre",
"-",
"calculated",
"results"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28822 | [
"We",
"have",
"generated",
"pre",
"-",
"calculated",
"Pfam",
"search",
"results",
"for",
"the",
"entire",
"Swiss",
"-",
"Prot",
"and",
"TrEmbl",
"protein",
"sequences",
"(",
"~",
"1",
".",
"2",
"million",
")",
",",
"using",
"our",
"parallelized",
"'",
"hmmpfam",
"'",
"on",
"256",
"processors",
"of",
"IA64",
"-",
"based",
"teragrid",
"machines",
"located",
"at",
"the",
"SDSC",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28823 | [
"Pfam",
"searches",
"have",
"been",
"performed",
"separately",
",",
"using",
"either",
"gathering",
"thresholds",
"or",
"E",
"-",
"value",
"cutoffs",
"against",
"glocal",
"(",
"Pfam",
"_",
"ls",
")",
"or",
"local",
"(",
"Pfam",
"_",
"fs",
")",
"alignment",
"models",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28824 | [
"Glocal",
"and",
"local",
"search",
"results",
"were",
"parsed",
"and",
"merged",
"by",
"removing",
"all",
"local",
"search",
"hits",
"that",
"are",
"completely",
"overlapped",
"by",
"glocal",
"search",
"hits",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28825 | [
"Input",
"and",
"output",
"formats"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28826 | [
"The",
"program",
"takes",
"only",
"FASTA",
"-",
"formatted",
"sequences",
"as",
"input",
"and",
"searches",
"can",
"be",
"done",
"in",
"any",
"search",
"mode",
",",
"i",
".",
"e",
".",
"local",
",",
"glocal",
"or",
"merged",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28827 | [
"The",
"maximum",
"E",
"-",
"value",
"allowed",
"for",
"searches",
"is",
"10",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28828 | [
"SledgeHMMER",
"results",
"are",
"emailed",
"to",
"the",
"user",
"in",
"a",
"space",
"-",
"delimited",
",",
"one",
"hit",
"per",
"line",
"tabular",
"format",
"(",
"Figure",
"2",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28829 | [
"The",
"response",
"time",
"for",
"receiving",
"results",
"depends",
"on",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"query",
"sequences",
"and",
"the",
"fraction",
"of",
"these",
"existing",
"in",
"the",
"pre",
"-",
"calculated",
"entries",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28830 | [
"DISCUSSION"
] | [
0
] |
28831 | [
"The",
"SledgeHMMER",
"server",
"provides",
"a",
"unique",
"service",
"to",
"the",
"scientific",
"community",
"wishing",
"to",
"batch",
"search",
"the",
"Pfam",
"database",
"on",
"the",
"web",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28832 | [
"To",
"the",
"best",
"of",
"our",
"knowledge",
",",
"this",
"is",
"the",
"only",
"such",
"server",
"that",
"has",
"no",
"limit",
"on",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"input",
"sequences",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28833 | [
"The",
"current",
"pre",
"-",
"calculated",
"database",
"covers",
"~",
"70",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"available",
"non",
"-",
"redundant",
"protein",
"sequence",
"space",
",",
"and",
"we",
"plan",
"to",
"add",
"additional",
"new",
"sequences",
"from",
"other",
"resources",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"NR",
"database",
"from",
"GenBank",
"and",
"SEQRES",
"from",
"the",
"PDB",
"(",
"Protein",
"Data",
"Bank",
")",
"in",
"the",
"future",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28834 | [
"Our",
"pre",
"-",
"calculated",
"database",
"is",
"updated",
"for",
"every",
"new",
"release",
"of",
"the",
"Pfam",
"database",
"or",
"SPTr",
"databases",
"(",
"Swiss",
"-",
"Prot",
"+",
"TrEMBL",
")",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"provide",
"access",
"to",
"the",
"most",
"current",
"data",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28835 | [
"Single",
"-",
"processor",
"optimized",
"hmmpfam",
"binaries",
"and",
"the",
"source",
"code",
"can",
"be",
"downloaded",
"from",
"the",
"current",
"web",
"server",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28836 | [
"In",
"the",
"future",
",",
"we",
"intend",
"to",
"make",
"such",
"binaries",
"available",
"for",
"many",
"additional",
"operating",
"systems",
"and",
"propagate",
"these",
"modifications",
"to",
"other",
"HMMER",
"programs",
"as",
"well",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28837 | [
"Medicinal",
"herb",
"use",
"among",
"asthmatic",
"patients",
"attending",
"a",
"specialty",
"care",
"facility",
"in",
"Trinidad"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28838 | [
"Abstract"
] | [
0
] |
28839 | [
"Background"
] | [
0
] |
28840 | [
"There",
"is",
"an",
"increasing",
"prevalence",
"of",
"asthma",
"in",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"and",
"patients",
"remain",
"non",
"-",
"compliant",
"to",
"therapy",
"despite",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"guidelines",
"for",
"management",
"and",
"prevention",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28841 | [
"Some",
"patients",
"may",
"self",
"-",
"medicate",
"with",
"medicinal",
"herbs",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"relief",
",",
"as",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"long",
"tradition",
"of",
"use",
"for",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"ailments",
"."
] | [
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28842 | [
"The",
"study",
"assessed",
"the",
"prevalence",
"of",
"use",
"and",
"the",
"factors",
"affecting",
"the",
"decision",
"to",
"use",
"herbs",
"in",
"asthmatic",
"patients",
"attending",
"a",
"public",
"specialty",
"care",
"clinic",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28843 | [
"Methods"
] | [
0
] |
28844 | [
"A",
"descriptive",
",",
"cross",
"-",
"sectional",
"study",
"was",
"conducted",
"at",
"the",
"Chest",
"Clinic",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"using",
"a",
"de",
"novo",
",",
"pilot",
"-",
"tested",
",",
"researcher",
"-",
"administered",
"questionnaire",
"between",
"June",
"and",
"July",
"2003",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28845 | [
"Results"
] | [
0
] |
28846 | [
"Fifty",
"-",
"eight",
"out",
"of",
"191",
"patients",
"(",
"30",
".",
"4",
"%",
")",
"reported",
"using",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"relief",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28847 | [
"Gender",
",",
"age",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"and",
"asthma",
"severity",
"did",
"not",
"influence",
"the",
"decision",
"to",
"use",
"herbs",
";",
"however",
",",
"62",
".",
"5",
"%",
"of",
"patients",
"with",
"tertiary",
"level",
"schooling",
"used",
"herbs",
",",
"p",
"=",
"0",
".",
"025",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28848 | [
"Thirty",
"-",
"four",
"of",
"these",
"58",
"patients",
"(",
"58",
".",
"6",
"%",
")",
"obtained",
"herbs",
"from",
"their",
"backyards",
"or",
"the",
"supermarket",
";",
"only",
"14",
"patients",
"(",
"24",
".",
"1",
"%",
")",
"obtained",
"herbs",
"from",
"an",
"herbalist",
",",
"herbal",
"shop",
"or",
"pharmacy",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28849 | [
"Relatives",
"and",
"friends",
"were",
"the",
"sole",
"source",
"of",
"information",
"for",
"most",
"patients",
"(",
"70",
".",
"7",
"%",
")",
",",
"and",
"only",
"10",
".",
"3",
"%",
"consulted",
"an",
"herbalist",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28850 | [
"Ginger",
",",
"garlic",
",",
"aloes",
",",
"shandileer",
",",
"wild",
"onion",
",",
"pepper",
"and",
"black",
"sage",
"were",
"the",
"most",
"commonly",
"used",
"herbs",
"."
] | [
7,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
7,
8,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28851 | [
"Conclusions"
] | [
0
] |
28852 | [
"Among",
"patients",
"attending",
"the",
"Chest",
"Clinic",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"in",
"asthma",
"is",
"relatively",
"common",
"on",
"the",
"advice",
"of",
"relatives",
"and",
"friends",
"."
] | [
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28853 | [
"It",
"is",
"therefore",
"becoming",
"imperative",
"for",
"healthcare",
"providers",
"to",
"become",
"more",
"knowledgeable",
"on",
"this",
"modality",
"and",
"to",
"keep",
"abreast",
"with",
"the",
"latest",
"developments",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28854 | [
"Background"
] | [
0
] |
28855 | [
"Recent",
"reports",
"from",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"suggest",
"that",
"the",
"incidence",
"of",
"asthma",
"is",
"following",
"the",
"global",
"trend",
"of",
"increasing",
"prevalence",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28856 | [
"In",
"Jamaica",
",",
"a",
"prevalence",
"of",
"20",
".",
"8",
"%",
"for",
"exercise",
"-",
"induced",
"asthma",
"was",
"estimated",
"in",
"a",
"cross",
"-",
"sectional",
"study",
"in",
"schoolchildren",
"[",
"1",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28857 | [
"About",
"one",
"in",
"ten",
"patients",
"attending",
"an",
"Accident",
"and",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"were",
"treated",
"for",
"acute",
"severe",
"asthma",
"[",
"2",
"]",
"and",
"over",
"15",
",",
"000",
"patients",
"attended",
"four",
"A",
"&",
"E",
"departments",
"throughout",
"the",
"island",
"over",
"a",
"12",
"-",
"month",
"period",
"[",
"3",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28858 | [
"Inhaled",
"corticosteroids",
"as",
"prophylaxis",
"and",
"'",
"as",
"required",
"'",
"bronchodilator",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"relief",
"are",
"established",
"modalities",
"for",
"asthma",
"management",
"and",
"prevention",
"and",
"the",
"Commonwealth",
"Caribbean",
"Medical",
"Research",
"Council",
"/",
"Global",
"Initiative",
"for",
"Asthma",
"guidelines",
"were",
"adopted",
"in",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"in",
"1997",
"[",
"4",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28859 | [
"It",
"has",
"been",
"noted",
"that",
"inefficient",
"management",
"predisposes",
"patients",
"to",
"frequent",
"hospitalization",
"and",
"reduced",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28860 | [
"In",
"Trinidad",
",",
"non",
"-",
"compliance",
"and",
"inadequate",
"inhaler",
"technique",
"negatively",
"impact",
"on",
"effective",
"disease",
"management",
"[",
"5",
",",
"6",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28861 | [
"The",
"frequent",
"unavailability",
"of",
"medication",
"at",
"public",
"health",
"facilities",
"and",
"the",
"prohibitive",
"cost",
"at",
"private",
"pharmacies",
"are",
"significantly",
"associated",
"with",
"non",
"-",
"compliance",
"and",
"consequently",
"poor",
"disease",
"control",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28862 | [
"In",
"these",
"studies",
",",
"some",
"patients",
"indicated",
"their",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"as",
"an",
"alternative",
"to",
"conventional",
"medicines",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28863 | [
"Over",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"decades",
",",
"a",
"global",
"resurgence",
"in",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"has",
"fuelled",
"the",
"growing",
"multi",
"-",
"billion",
"dollar",
"international",
"trade",
"of",
"botanical",
"products",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28864 | [
"Many",
"patients",
",",
"dissatisfied",
"with",
"conventional",
"medicines",
"because",
"they",
"expect",
"permanent",
"cures",
",",
"believe",
"that",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"are",
"'",
"natural",
"'",
"and",
"sometimes",
"self",
"-",
"medicate",
"without",
"informing",
"their",
"attending",
"physician",
"."
] | [
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28865 | [
"Although",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"long",
"history",
"of",
"traditional",
"use",
"of",
"medicinal",
"herbs",
"throughout",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"[",
"7",
",",
"8",
"]",
"few",
"studies",
"were",
"done",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"prevalence",
"of",
"use",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28866 | [
"Surveys",
"in",
"Jamaica",
"reported",
"an",
"almost",
"100",
"%",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"teas",
"and",
"remedies",
"by",
"respondents",
"throughout",
"the",
"island",
"[",
"9",
"]",
"and",
"71",
"%",
"in",
"paediatrics",
"inpatients",
"at",
"the",
"University",
"Hospital",
"[",
"10",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28867 | [
"These",
"studies",
",",
"however",
",",
"assessed",
"only",
"the",
"lifetime",
"use",
"of",
"medicinal",
"herbs",
"and",
"did",
"not",
"identify",
"their",
"use",
"for",
"any",
"particular",
"disease",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28868 | [
"In",
"Trinidad",
"and",
"Tobago",
",",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"'",
"bush",
"medicine",
"'",
"in",
"diabetic",
"patients",
"attending",
"primary",
"healthcare",
"facilities",
"throughout",
"the",
"island",
"was",
"assessed",
"and",
"although",
"42",
"%",
"reportedly",
"used",
"herbs",
",",
"only",
"24",
"%",
"used",
"this",
"healthcare",
"modality",
"for",
"self",
"-",
"management",
"of",
"diabetes",
"[",
"11",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28869 | [
"Another",
"survey",
"conducted",
"at",
"an",
"outpatient",
"surgical",
"facility",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"indicated",
"a",
"lifetime",
"prevalence",
"of",
"86",
"%",
"among",
"patients",
"[",
"12",
"]",
"for",
"any",
"healthcare",
"issue",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28870 | [
"This",
"study",
"was",
"undertaken",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"extent",
"of",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"remedies",
"by",
"asthmatic",
"patients",
"attending",
"a",
"specialty",
"chest",
"clinic",
"in",
"Trinidad",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"relief",
"and",
"to",
"determine",
"the",
"factors",
"influencing",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"decision",
"to",
"use",
"herbs",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28871 | [
"Methods"
] | [
0
] |
28872 | [
"The",
"study",
"was",
"approved",
"by",
"the",
"Ethics",
"Committee",
"of",
"the",
"Faculty",
"of",
"Medical",
"Sciences",
",",
"University",
"of",
"the",
"West",
"Indies",
",",
"St",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28873 | [
"Augustine",
"campus",
"and",
"permission",
"to",
"interview",
"patients",
"was",
"granted",
"by",
"the",
"Director",
"of",
"the",
"Chest",
"Clinic",
"of",
"the",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Health",
",",
"Trinidad",
"and",
"Tobago",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28874 | [
"The",
"study",
"was",
"conducted",
"over",
"the",
"two",
"-",
"month",
"period",
"June",
"to",
"July",
"2003",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28875 | [
"Sample",
"and",
"setting"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
28876 | [
"The",
"Chest",
"Clinic",
"was",
"chosen",
"as",
"the",
"source",
"of",
"subjects",
"as",
"this",
"is",
"the",
"only",
"national",
"tertiary",
"level",
"health",
"facility",
"specializing",
"in",
"the",
"management",
"of",
"respiratory",
"diseases",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28877 | [
"Patients",
"entering",
"the",
"study",
"were",
"physician",
"-",
"diagnosed",
"asthmatics",
"based",
"on",
"self",
"-",
"reporting",
"symptoms",
"of",
"wheezing",
",",
"chest",
"tightness",
"and",
"nocturnal",
"coughing",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"year",
"."
] | [
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28878 | [
"Patients",
"were",
"recruited",
"by",
"consecutive",
"sampling",
"and",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"purpose",
"of",
"the",
"study",
"were",
"explained",
"on",
"an",
"individual",
"basis",
"."
] | [
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28879 | [
"Those",
"confirming",
"their",
"willingness",
"to",
"participate",
"signed",
"their",
"informed",
"consent",
"and",
"were",
"interviewed",
"using",
"a",
"de",
"novo",
",",
"pilot",
"-",
"tested",
",",
"researcher",
"-",
"administered",
"questionnaire",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28880 | [
"Interview",
"instrument"
] | [
0,
0
] |
28881 | [
"The",
"questionnaire",
"assessed",
"demographic",
"data",
"such",
"as",
"age",
",",
"gender",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"residential",
"district",
",",
"education",
",",
"employment",
"and",
"socioeconomic",
"status",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28882 | [
"Subjects",
"reported",
"their",
"disease",
"severity",
"as",
"intermittent",
",",
"moderate",
"or",
"severe",
"as",
"determined",
"by",
"the",
"Global",
"Initiative",
"for",
"Asthma",
"(",
"GINA",
")",
"guidelines",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"symptom",
"frequency",
"[",
"4",
"]",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28883 | [
"Patients",
"also",
"reported",
"their",
"use",
"of",
"herbal",
"remedies",
",",
"identified",
"the",
"herbs",
"used",
",",
"the",
"frequency",
"of",
"use",
",",
"source",
"of",
"herbal",
"medicines",
"and",
"the",
"reasons",
"for",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"herbs",
"."
] | [
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28884 | [
"Statistical",
"analysis"
] | [
0,
0
] |
28885 | [
"The",
"sample",
"size",
"was",
"calculated",
"as",
"185",
"patients",
"assuming",
"a",
"prevalence",
"of",
"86",
"%",
"[",
"13",
"]",
"with",
"a",
"confidence",
"level",
"of",
"95",
"%",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28886 | [
"Since",
"all",
"variables",
"were",
"categorical",
",",
"chi",
"2",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"to",
"determine",
"whether",
"there",
"were",
"statistically",
"significant",
"associations",
"between",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"herbs",
"and",
"these",
"variables",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28887 | [
"The",
"p",
"value",
"was",
"set",
"at",
"<",
"0",
".",
"05",
"for",
"statistical",
"significance",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28888 | [
"The",
"data",
"was",
"analyzed",
"using",
"SPSS",
"for",
"Windows",
"(",
"Version",
"9",
".",
"0",
",",
"Chicago",
",",
"IL",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28889 | [
"Results"
] | [
0
] |
28890 | [
"Demography"
] | [
0
] |
28891 | [
"During",
"the",
"study",
"period",
"one",
"hundred",
"and",
"ninety",
"one",
"patients",
"consented",
"to",
"participate",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28892 | [
"The",
"demographic",
"details",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"are",
"given",
"in",
"Table",
"1",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28893 | [
"Patients",
"between",
"35",
"and",
"64",
"years",
"of",
"age",
"formed",
"the",
"largest",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"(",
"62",
".",
"3",
"%",
")",
"."
] | [
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28894 | [
"There",
"was",
"a",
"significant",
"gender",
"difference",
"with",
"females",
"outnumbering",
"males",
"by",
"a",
"2",
":",
"1",
"ratio",
",",
"p",
"<",
"0",
".",
"01",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28895 | [
"Most",
"patients",
"were",
"of",
"Asian",
"Indian",
"origin",
"(",
"58",
".",
"1",
"%",
")",
"and",
"resided",
"in",
"suburban",
"areas",
"(",
"60",
".",
"2",
"%",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28896 | [
"There",
"was",
"a",
"high",
"level",
"of",
"unemployment",
"(",
"30",
".",
"4",
"%",
")",
";",
"this",
"could",
"be",
"correlated",
"to",
"primary",
"schooling",
"(",
"seven",
"or",
"less",
"years",
"of",
"formal",
"education",
")",
"being",
"the",
"highest",
"educational",
"level",
"attained",
"in",
"52",
".",
"9",
"%",
"and",
"no",
"formal",
"schooling",
"in",
"5",
".",
"2",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"population",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28897 | [
"Income",
"was",
"low",
",",
"with",
"42",
".",
"9",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"population",
"earning",
"below",
"US",
"$",
"4",
",",
"000",
"per",
"year",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
28898 | [
"Antiasthmatic",
"drug",
"use"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
28899 | [
"The",
"GINA",
"guidelines",
"were",
"recently",
"adopted",
"in",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"and",
"asthmatic",
"patients",
"are",
"currently",
"treated",
"according",
"to",
"their",
"symptom",
"severity",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |