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Auto body shop HR attorney: Employers can require COVID-19 vaccines — but tread carefully
By John Huetter on May 13, 2021
Announcements | Associations | Business Practices | Education | Legal | Repair Operations
Collision industry human resources attorney Cory King last month said body shops and other companies can demand workers receive COVID-19 coronavirus vaccinations. However, the business could find itself in a "pack of trouble" without first educating itself and seeking assistance on the topic, he said.
Which is a good time to bring up our usual caveat: None of the comments and analysis presented here are intended as legal advice; they're for informational purposes only. Seek qualified counsel licensed in the relevant jurisdiction before taking any action.
"The short answer is: Yes, you can," King, an attorney at FordHarrison, said of workplace vaccination requirements. But it's more complicated than that, he told the April 21 Collision Industry Conference. King said they've seen "a lot of employers screwing up."
One of the potential pitfalls lies in the prequalification questioning prior to the vaccination. It's possible these inquiries could trigger an Americans with Disabilities Act violation — particularly if the employer hosts a vaccination clinic in-house, King warned. The employee is answering a question for the employer, and it's assumed the employer has access to the answers, he explained.
If the vaccine is strongly encouraged by the business but ultimately voluntary and the questions voluntary, the business might be on safer ground, according to King.
"Pre-vaccination medical screening questions are likely to elicit information about a disability," the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission wrote in December 2020." This means that such questions, if asked by the employer or a contractor on the employer's behalf, are 'disability-related' under the ADA. Thus, if the employer requires an employee to receive the vaccination, administered by the employer, the employer must show that these disability-related screening inquiries are 'job-related and consistent with business necessity.' To meet this standard, an employer would need to have a reasonable belief, based on objective evidence, that an employee who does not answer the questions and, therefore, does not receive a vaccination, will pose a direct threat to the health or safety of her or himself or others."
This ADA-question issue isn't a concern if employees arrange their work-mandated vaccines themselves at third-party locations, such as local drugstores, rather than through an employer-hosted clinic, according to King.
"By contrast, there are two circumstances in which disability-related screening questions can be asked without needing to satisfy the 'job-related and consistent with business necessity' requirement," the EEOC wrote in December 2020. "First, if an employer has offered a vaccination to employees on a voluntary basis (i.e. employees choose whether to be vaccinated), the ADA requires that the employee's decision to answer pre-screening, disability-related questions also must be voluntary. 42 U.S.C. 12112(d)(4)(B); 29 C.F.R. 1630.14(d). If an employee chooses not to answer these questions, the employer may decline to administer the vaccine but may not retaliate against, intimidate, or threaten the employee for refusing to answer any questions. Second, if an employee receives an employer-required vaccination from a third party that does not have a contract with the employer, such as a pharmacy or other health care provider, the ADA 'job-related and consistent with business necessity' restrictions on disability-related inquiries would not apply to the pre-vaccination medical screening questions."
However, should the employee go out to a third-party location and decline to answer the prescreening questions or are denied the vaccine because of their answers, "you cannot ask them why they did not get vaccinated," King said. Your inquiry could run afoul of the ADA and have "crossed the line into a place that you do not want to be," he said.
The company might need to accommodate the worker or give them another opportunity to pursue the vaccine, he said.
A shop might also need to be cognizant of the chance a worker might claim a religious or "sincerely held" belief exemption, something protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. An employer might have to provide reasonable accommodation in such a circumstance.
King said the law is very broad, and employers aren't allowed to ask the employee whether they sincerely hold a belief. If the employee tells you to "'go pound sand'" on Title VII grounds, "that is not the time to pick the fight," King said.
King said he's encountered numerous instances of employers who recount having told an employee, "'I don't care what the religion says'" and not to come back to work. The company felt public health trumped religion.
"Not quite," King said. In fact, the employee was "probably right," he said.
Instead, be polite, tell an employee citing a Title VII exemption that you'll look into it, and call an employment lawyer, King said. The employer could be on "very dangerous ground," but "you can make it through," King said.
It's possible the workplace can claim that accommodating a client would place an undue hardship on an employer, according to King. The EEOC as of Wednesday said the Supreme Court has defined an "undue hardship" worthy of an employer exemption as "more than a de minimis cost." The agency calls this a lower bar for employers to meet for an accommodation exemption than the "an action requiring significant difficulty or expense" definition within the ADA.
What about other reasons cited by an employee for refusing to be vaccinated, such as caution over side effects or a conspiracy theory?
Fear of the vaccine, for example, "is not going to be a protected category," King said. But an employer should contact an employment lawyer before firing such an employee or overruling their objection and ordering a vaccine, he indicated.
If the worker's argument wanders into a protected category, "you must be very, very careful," King said.
"Social, political, or economic philosophies, as well as mere personal preferences, are not religious beliefs protected by Title VII," the EEOC states. "However, overlap between a religious and political view does not place it outside the scope of Title VII's religion protections."
Many other issues might arise with employers requiring vaccinations besides the ones featured here, according to King. Potential considerations could include organized labor, OSHA regulations and wage and hour policies. We repeat: Consult with a qualified expert before taking action.
As of 6 a.m. Tuesday, 46.2 percent of the population and 58.5 percent of adult Americans (18 years or older) have received at least one vaccine, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The CDC said 35.1 percent of Americans and 44.7 percent of adults are considered fully vaccinated.
"What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws"
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Dec. 16, 2020
EEOC COVID-19 webpage
Centers for Disease Control COVID-19 vaccine website
Featured images: FordHarrison attorney Cory King at the April 21, 2021, Collision Industry Conference discussed considerations for employers desiring to require COVID-19 vaccines. (John Huetter/Repairer Driven News) | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: Python like Slicing operation in c++ I have following code, where 'Snap.JPG' is a RGB format type.
import cv2
img = cv2.imread("./Snap.JPG")
img[:,:,:2] = 255
cv2.imshow("Img", img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
I want to convert this code into c++. What is the fastest way to implement img[:,:,:2] = 255 part of the code? Channel splitting and merging is one of the options i know, but is there any smarter way to do slicing in c++?
Edit:
Apologies, i should have mentioned what i want in the output. I need a fading effect, because i wanted to overlay a drawing on top of it.
A: This is an example of how to change pixels:
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
cv::Mat src_image = cv::imread("image.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);
if(!src_image.data) {
std::cout << "Error: the image wasn't correctly loaded." << std::endl;
return -1;
}
cv::Mat image = src_image.clone();
// We iterate over all pixels of the image
for(int r = 0; r < image.rows; r++) {
// We obtain a pointer to the beginning of row r
cv::Vec3b* ptr = image.ptr<cv::Vec3b>(r);
for(int c = 0; c < image.cols; c++) {
ptr[c] = cv::Vec3b(255, 255, ptr[c][2]);
}
}
cv::imshow("Inverted Image", image);
cv::waitKey();
return 0;
}
A: Thanks for @Manuel's reply, it works quite well. but i could achieve the same result with faster speeds. I have added my code snippets inline your code.
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
clock_t start, end;
cv::Mat src_image = cv::imread("Snap.JPG", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);
if(!src_image.data) {
std::cout << "Error: the image wasn't correctly loaded." << std::endl;
return -1;
}
/* 1st method */
cv::Mat image = src_image.clone();
start = clock();
// We iterate over all pixels of the image
for(int r = 0; r < image.rows; r++) {
// We obtain a pointer to the beginning of row r
cv::Vec3b* ptr = image.ptr<cv::Vec3b>(r);
for(int c = 0; c < image.cols; c++) {
ptr[c] = cv::Vec3b(255, 255, ptr[c][2]);
}
}
end = clock();
double time_taken = double(end - start) / double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
std::cout << "Time taken by 1st method : " << std::fixed << time_taken << std::setprecision(5);
std::cout << " sec " << std::endl;
/* 2nd Method */
start = clock();
src_image = src_image | cv::Scalar(255, 255, 0);
end = clock();
time_taken = double(end - start) / double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
std::cout << "Time taken by 2nd method : " << std::fixed << time_taken << std::setprecision(5);
std::cout << " sec " << std::endl;
bool isEqual = (sum(src_image != image) == cv::Scalar(0,0,0,0));
if (isEqual)
{
std::cout << "\nIdentical Mats !" << std::endl;
}
cv::imshow("Inverted Image", image);
cv::waitKey();
return 0;
}
output is following:
Time taken by 1st method : 0.001765 sec
Time taken by 2nd method : 0.00011 sec
Identical Mats !
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
package org.apache.activemq.openwire.v1;
import org.apache.activemq.command.JournalTrace;
import org.apache.activemq.openwire.DataFileGeneratorTestSupport;
/**
* Test case for the OpenWire marshalling for JournalTrace
*
*
* NOTE!: This file is auto generated - do not modify! if you need to make a
* change, please see the modify the groovy scripts in the under src/gram/script
* and then use maven openwire:generate to regenerate this file.
*/
public class JournalTraceTest extends DataFileGeneratorTestSupport {
public static final JournalTraceTest SINGLETON = new JournalTraceTest();
public Object createObject() throws Exception {
JournalTrace info = new JournalTrace();
populateObject(info);
return info;
}
protected void populateObject(Object object) throws Exception {
super.populateObject(object);
JournalTrace info = (JournalTrace) object;
info.setMessage("Message:1");
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
package event
//
type Phase int
const (
CapturingPhase Phase = iota
TargetPhase
BubblingPhase
)
func (phase Phase) String() string {
switch phase {
case CapturingPhase:
return "CapturingPhase"
case TargetPhase:
return "TargetPhase"
case BubblingPhase:
return "BubblingPhase"
}
return "UnknownPhase"
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
According to the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), one of the key components of a school counseling program is the delivery of structured lessons that are designed to provide all students with the knowledge, attitudes and skills appropriate for their developmental level.
This school-based mental health program focuses on prevention through education by teaching students to identify symptoms of depression, suicidality, and self-injury in themselves and their peers. The curriculum is aimed to teach students that suicide is not a normal response to stress, but rather a preventable tragedy that often occurs as a result of untreated depression.
View a video that teaches them to recognize signs of depression and suicide in themselves and others.
Complete a screening tool to assess for signs of depression. The screening tool is not meant to be diagnostic but aimed to indicate the presence of symptoms consistent with depression.
Learn an easy-to-remember acronym, ACT(Acknowledge, Care, Tell). Students are taught certain steps to take if they encounter a situation that requires help from a trusted adult. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Regardless of your income level or economic standing purchasing a house is a pretty big deal. You're likely going to spend more money on the house than you would even think about splurging on another item because you're hoping that you're making an investment that will pay off both now and in the future. Although you have probably already contracted with a real estate agent and are being assisted throughout the home buying process, you also need to think about the legal aspect of the deal. Hiring a real estate attorney can be highly beneficial, and the following information will help you see why it is an essential move that you need to look into.
If you buy a house without conducting a title check, you could be signing up for much more than just a piece of property. The importance of having a clean title simply cannot be stressed enough. Failing to do your due diligence in regards to this critical piece of the property buying puzzle might just turn out to be one of the biggest mistakes you've ever made.
You just never know if there are possibly one or more liens against the title of the house that you are looking to purchase. Liens can come from so many different parties, including contractors who may have done work on the house and were never paid or even debtors who were granted a judgment against the former homeowners because of an unpaid debt. Once you sign for the house and take ownership of it any liens on the title could also then become your responsibility.
That's why it is so vital for you to hire a real estate attorney before you purchase a piece of property. Let them perform a thorough check against the title of the house you want to make sure it's clean.
It's also helpful to hire a lawyer because they understand how to decipher contracts. There's no reason for you waste time trying to figure out the legalese that can be found in some of the more complex real estate contracts. Your attorney will be right there to break it all down for you.
Working with a real estate attorney makes buying a house so much easier. Reach out to one of these lawyers and get them on your realty case right away. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Le Centre d'accès à l'information juridique (CAIJ) est l'organisme qui gère toutes les bibliothèques de droit des associations de barreau du Québec, y compris celle du palais de justice de Montréal. Il offre aussi un portail de ressources en ligne pour démocratiser l'accès à l'information juridique, en permettant de consulter les lois canadiennes et québécoises, la jurisprudence des tribunaux et la doctrine des auteurs juridiques. Avec SOQUIJ, CanLII, Westlaw et LexisNexis Canada, il s'agit de l'un des principaux outils de recherche juridique utilisés par les juristes du Québec.
Cet organisme est le fruit des efforts initiés par les plus hautes autorités juridiques du Québec pour rendre accessibles au public les ouvrages juridiques en leur possession. Les dirigeants du Barreau du Québec ont notamment souhaité sa création. Les travaux qui ont mené à la création du CAIJ ont été commencés à l'époque du bâtonnier Francis Gervais. Parmi les fondateurs du CAIJ, on note entre autres le juge de Cour suprême Richard Wagner, le juge Michel Pinsonneault, le juge Clément Samson et l'avocat émérite Pierre Mazurette.
Le CAIJ offre aussi des formations en ligne aux avocats du Québec. Depuis 2017, la Collection de droit du Barreau est aussi disponible en ligne par l'intermédiaire des ressources du CAIJ.
Bibliographie
Barreau du Québec, Collection de droit 2019-2020, Collection des habiletés , Cowansville, Éditions Yvon Blais, 2020
Lien externe
Site web officiel du CAIJ
Notes et références
Association ou organisme lié au droit au Québec
Bibliothèque au Québec
Association ou organisme ayant son siège à Montréal
Bibliothèque de droit | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Rut Castillo es una gimnasta rítmica individual mexicana quien fue campeona de los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe en Mayagüez 2010 y Barranquilla 2018
Trayectoria
La trayectoria deportiva de Rut Castillo se identifica por su participación en los siguientes eventos nacionales e internacionales:
Ha sido la primera en conseguir una plaza olímpica en la historia del país en gimnasia rítmica luego de su participación en el campeonato panamericano de la discliplina para Tokio 2020 a realizarse en julio de 2021 con retraso por la pandemia de coronavirus.
Quedó ubicada en el primer sitio del all around del certamen panamericano de gimnasia rítmica realizado en Brasil 2021 con un puntaje de 91.500, dando así el histórico primer pase a las olimpiadas.
Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
Fue reconocido su triunfo de ser la sexta deportista con el mayor número de medallas de la selección de
en los juegos de Mayagüez 2010.
Mayagüez 2010
Su desempeño en la vigésima primera edición de los juegos, se identificó por ser la décima octava deportista con el mayor número de medallas entre todos los participantes del evento, con un total de 6 medallas:
, Medalla de oro: Cinta
, Medalla de oro: Equipos
, Medalla de oro: Individual
, Medalla de plata: Aro
, Medalla de plata: Cuerda
, Medalla de plata: Pelota
Veracruz 2014
, Medalla de oro: Pelota
, Medalla de oro:Aro
, Medalla de plata: Cinta
, Medalla de plata: Cuerda
Toronto, Canadá 2015
séptimo lugar: All around
4.º lugar: Clavas
5.º lugar: Pelota
6.º lugar: Aro
6.º lugar: Cinta
Barranquilla, Colombia 2018
, Medalla de oro: All Around
, Medalla de oro: Clavas
, Medalla de oro: Aro
, Medalla de plata: Cinta
Juegos Panamericanos
De Gimnasia Rítmica
, Medalla de plata: Equipos
, Medalla de bronce: Pelota
Otras competencias
World Cup Pesaro Italia 2014
24.º lugar: All Around
Torneo Nacional Ciudad de México 2014
, Medalla de oro: All Around
Grand Prix Corbeil Essonness Francia 2015
10.º lugar: All Around
Universiada Mundial Taipéi Taiwán
9.º lugar : All Around
6.º lugar: Aro
7.º lugar : Clavas
Campeonato Mundial de gimnasia rítmica Sofía Bulgaria 2018
28.º lugar: All Around
Vida personal
Castillo es abiertamente lesbiana. Fue una de las atletas LGBTQ+ que representaron a México en los juegos olímpicos de 2020.
Véase también
Deportistas multimedallas de los XXI Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
México en los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
XXI Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Información del Participante en los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe de Mayagüez 2010
Deportistas de México en los XXI Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
Gimnastas de México
Deportistas de México en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020
Mexicanas del siglo XXI
Deportistas lesbianas
Gimnastas rítmicas
Deportistas femeninas de México | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
NEW YORK; March 31, 2008 – Accenture (NYSE: ACN) will begin accepting applications for its annual Community College Scholarship program tomorrow, April 1. Up to 10 scholarships of $5,000 each will be awarded in June to graduates of community colleges and other two-year programs seeking a bachelor's degree in business or high technology at a four-year institution. The scholarships will be applicable for study during the 2008-2009 school year and will be renewable for up to one year or until a bachelor's degree is earned.
Each student will receive a $5,000 scholarship for the coming school year and will be eligible for an additional $5,000 for another year or until they earn a bachelor's degree.
Applications and detailed information on the scholarship program, including eligibility requirements, can be attained at Accenture Community College Scholarship. To enter the site, use Sponsor ID: 9916 and Security Code: Accenture08. Applications must be received by May 1, 2008.
Accenture launched the scholarship program last year to encourage graduates of community colleges to continue their education and to show its commitment to strengthening education in the United States and building a more competitive U.S. workforce. This year, the Educational Testing Service (ETS) Scholarship & Recognition Programs (SRP) will provide design and management services for the Community College Scholarship program. Utilizing the ETS core competencies in assessment and research, SRP provides scholarship program support for corporations, foundations, labor unions and other fraternal and philanthropic organizations.
Be seeking degrees and careers in the high technology and business fields.
U.S. Rep. Howard P. "Buck" McKeon (R-CA), Ranking Member of the House Education and Workforce Committee, said, "California has a robust community college system that provides young people with great opportunities for entering the higher education system. I am excited that the business community is stepping up to encourage students to use community college as a stepping stone to achieve a bachelor's degree. Meeting the challenges of the 21st century will require Americans to be more educated than ever before. Community colleges are integral to America's ability to ensure that everyone who wants a higher education can get one. On that basis, I applaud Accenture's scholarship program."
To receive more information about Accenture Community College Scholarship please contact ETS Scholarship & Recognition Programs e-mail srp-csr@ets.org or call 609-771-7878. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
package org.keycloak.models.map.user;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.UUID;
public class MapUserEntity extends AbstractUserEntity<UUID> {
public static final Comparator<MapUserEntity> COMPARE_BY_USERNAME = Comparator.comparing(MapUserEntity::getUsername, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
protected MapUserEntity() {
super();
}
public MapUserEntity(UUID id, String realmId) {
super(id, realmId);
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Чемерник (Helleborus) — рід рослин родини жовтецевих (Ranunculaceae), що нараховує близько 20 видів вічнозелених багаторічних трав'янистих квіткових рослин, родини лютикових. Рід дав назву трибі Helleboreae. Люди, захоплені квітуванням серед зими і схожістю з дикими трояндами чи рожами наділили рослину назвами "зимова рожа", "різдвяна роза", "сніжна троянда". Не зважаючи на народні назви, чемерники не є близькими до родини троянд (Rosaceae) чи руж (Malvaceae). Багато видів отруйні.
Опис і поширення
Рід є поширеним на більшій частині Європи: Велика Британія, Іспанія і Португалія, Середземноморський регіон, Центральна Європа, Східна Європа (Україна та Румунія) а також вздовж північного узбережжя Туреччини аж до Кавказу.
Найбільша концентрація видів спостерігається на Балканах. Один атиповий вид (H. thibetanus) походить із західного Китаю, ареал іншого атипового представника (H. vesicarius) — невелика територія на кордоні між Туреччиною і Сирією.
Квіти мають п'ять пелюсток (чашолистків), що оточують кільцем тичинки. Чашолистки не
опадають, як пелюстки, а залишаються на рослині іноді протягом багатьох місяців. Нещодавні дослідження в Іспанії підтверджують, що стійкі чашечки сприяють розвитку насіння (Herrera 2005).
Види і підвиди
Рід був описаний Карлом Ліннеєм в томі першому його Species Plantarum in 1753.
Види зі стеблом
Ці чотири види мають стебла з листям (у H. vesicarius стебла щороку відмирають), а також базальне листя.
Helleborus argutifolius — корсиканський чемерник
Helleborus foetidus — смердючий чемерник
Helleborus lividus
Helleborus vesicarius
Види без стебла
Ці види мають базальне листя. У них нема справжніх листків на стеблах (є листкові приквітки в місці розгалуження квітконосів).
Helleborus atrorubens
Helleborus croaticus
Helleborus cyclophyllus
Helleborus dumetorum
Helleborus abruzzicus
Helleborus liguricus
Helleborus boconei
Helleborus multifidus
Helleborus multifidus subsp. hercegovinus
Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus
Helleborus multifidus subsp. multifidus
Helleborus niger — різдвяна троянда або чорний чемерник
Helleborus niger subsp. macranthus (H. niger major)
Helleborus niger subsp. niger
Helleborus odorus
Helleborus odorus subsp. laxus
Helleborus odorus subsp. odorus
Helleborus orientalis — Lenten rose, Lenten hellebore, oriental hellebore (N.B. Lenten hellebores в садах визнані гібридами)
Helleborus orientalis subsp. abchasicus (H. abchasicus)
Helleborus orientalis subsp. guttatus
Helleborus orientalis subsp. orientalis (H. caucasicus, H. kochii)
Helleborus purpurascens
Helleborus thibetanus (H. chinensis)
Helleborus torquatus
Helleborus viridis — зелений чемерник або нога ведмедя
Helleborus occidentalis (H. viridis subsp. occidentalis)
Інші назви видів (в даний час вважаються недійсними) зустрічаються у старих виданнях (в тому числі Н. hyemalis, Х. polychromus, Х. ranunculinus, Х. trifolius).
Посилання
Примітки
Жовтецеві
Роди квіткових | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
PSS Sleman vs Persipura Prediction 07.12.2021
PSS Sleman vs Persipura prediction and betting tips ahead of this Indonesia Liga 1 clash on Tuesday.
Indonesia Liga 1 December 07 9:15
PSS Sleman
WLDDWW
Persipura
LDWLLL
PSIS Semarang vs PSS Sleman
Persita vs PSS Sleman
PSS Sleman vs Bhayangkara
PSM vs PSS Sleman
PSS Sleman vs PS TNI
Borneo vs PSS Sleman
Persipura vs Bhayangkara
PSM vs Persipura
Persipura vs PS TNI
Borneo vs Persipura
Persipura vs Bali United
Persib vs Persipura
PSS SLEMAN OR DRAW Double Chance @1.25 Bet Won FT: 1 - 1
PSS Sleman will welcome Persipura to for a matchday 16 fixture in Indonesia Liga 1. The last meeting on 19th September 2019 ended in a 1-1 draw. Both sides have met two times in the most recent seasons. PSS Sleman has won 0 matches, and Persipura failed to win on every occasion. Recent outings average 2.00 goals, while both teams score 100% of the time.
PSS Sleman's latest fixture against PSIS Semarang ended in an away 2-1 win. PSS Sleman was very effective while counter-attacking. In the end, it was enough to make the difference between the two teams. PSS Sleman scored in both halves in the 16th and 66th minute.
Persipura's recent game against Bhayangkara ended in a home 0-2 loss. Mutiara Hitam (Black Pearl) had plenty of possession, but not so much in the final third of the pitch.
Since the start of the season, PSS Sleman is more dominant at home. They have four wins out of 10 games on home soil. Although PSS Sleman is among the most solid home teams in the league, they are far from perfect. Their defence is not as good as expected with just 10% home clean sheets.
Persipura has picked up 9 points from the previous six league games. It is quite intriguing that they prefer playing on the road. Persipura has collected 1.00 points on average per away game, compared to 0.82 at home. To improve results, they have to be more compact in defence. Persipura kept a clean sheet in just 0% of their visits.
It is hard to choose a favourite in this one. Both teams look evenly-matched and have their strengths. I am not willing to take a risk and prefer a double chance bet. My prediction is PSS Sleman or Draw.
Both teams struggle in defence and concede on regular occasions. PSS Sleman failed to keep a clean sheet in 10% of home games, while Persipura conceded in 0% of away games. On average, both teams score in 64% of PSS Sleman's home and Persipura's away games. My prediction is Both Teams to Score: Yes.
PSS Sleman vs Persipura Betting Tips
PSS Sleman vs Persipura Head to Head
Average stats between PSS Sleman and Persipura in most recent 2 outings in the Indonesia Liga 1.
PSS Sleman Persipura
Persipura PSS Sleman
PSS Sleman vs Persipura Stats
Results and Table Indonesia Liga 1 Form Half Goals Corners Cards
Average stats between PSS Sleman and Persipura across current season. Calculated from PSS Sleman's Home stats and Persipura's Away stats.
PSIS Semarang
Persita
PS TNI
Persik Kediri
Madura United
Persija
Persela
1 Bhayangkara 20 /13-4-3/ 43
2 Arema 20 /11-8-1/ 41
3 Persib 20 /12-4-4/ 40
4 Persebaya Surabaya 20 /12-3-5/ 39
5 Bali United 20 /11-5-4/ 38
6 PSIS Semarang 20 /8-7-5/ 31
7 Borneo 20 /8-6-6/ 30
8 Persija 20 /7-8-5/ 29
9 PSS Sleman 20 /6-7-7/ 25
10 Persita 20 /7-4-9/ 25
11 PSM 20 /5-9-6/ 24
12 PS TNI 20 /5-8-7/ 23
13 Madura United 20 /5-7-8/ 22
14 Persik Kediri 20 /4-7-9/ 19
15 Persipura 20 /4-6-10/ 18
16 Barito Putera 20 /4-4-12/ 16
17 Persela 20 /3-7-10/ 16
18 Persiraja Banda Aceh 20 /1-4-15/ 7
Indonesia Liga 1 Form
Coming into this game, PSS Sleman has picked up 8 points from the last 5 games, both home and away. That's 1.6 points per game on average. BTTS has landed in an intriguing 3 of those games. PSS Sleman has scored 7 times in the last 5 fixtures.
PSS Sleman has enjoyed playing at home recently, with the side currently unbeaten in 2 games.
PSS Sleman will be looking to keep up the momentum today against Persipura, having lost just 1 game from the last 5. They have won 2 and drawn 2
Things have not been going that well in front of goal for PSS Sleman recently, with the side failing to score in 2 of the last 5 games. Will the manager change his tactics today, or throw in another forward?
In the last 5 matches for PSS Sleman, 3 of those games has ended with both teams scoring. This season 10 matches (67% of all matches) involving PSS Sleman has seen BTTS landing.
Coming into this game, Persipura has picked up 4 points from the last 5 games, both home and away. That's 0.8 points per game on average. BTTS has landed in just 2 of those games. Persipura has scored 3 times in the last 5 fixtures.
Things have not been going that well in front of goal for Persipura recently, with the side failing to score in 3 of the last 5 games. Will the manager change his tactics today, or throw in another forward?
Persipura has fired blanks in 8 games this season. That's 53% of games where they have not been able to find the back of the net. Do they need a new forward? In the last 5 games, they have scored just 3 goals.
Just 2 of the last 5 games for Persipura has ended with both teams scoring. They have won 1 of those 5 games. Overall, BTTS has landed in 7/15 games for Persipura this season.
PSS SlemanIndonesia Liga 1, Place: 9 / 18
Fouls 0.00 / 0.00 0.00 0.00
PersipuraIndonesia Liga 1, Place: 15 / 18
Scored in Both 10% / 17% 0 % 22 %
PSS Sleman vs Persipura Odds
Thailand Thai League T1 Ratchaburi January 22View Tip 12:00 Muang Thong United View Tip
Thailand Thai League T1 Prachuap January 22View Tip 12:00 Chiangrai United View Tip | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
This protective roll-on deodorant is made with active ingredients and carefully chosen anti-bacterial plant oils which neutralise odour, to leave skin soothed and scented with a masculine, citrus fresh fragrance. This is a natural deodorant, not an anti-perspirant and is free from parabens, aluminium and sulphates.
Aloe Vera extract, soothes delicate skin whilst providing protection.
Cucumber extract, leaves skin feeling fresh and revitalised.
Rosemary oil, has natural anti-bacterial properties to help combat odour.
Sage oil, works effectively with the sweat glands to help to reduce odour.
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H. D. Macleod and the Origins of the Theory of Finance in Economic Development
H. D. Macleod and the Origins of the Theory of Finance in Economic Development Skaggs, Neil T. 2003-09-01 00:00:00 History of Political Economy 35:3 (2003) before 1870.3 With few (but important) exceptions the period between 1870 and 1914 was no different. The modern literature on the relationship between financial development and economic growth and development is rooted in research conducted during the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this work was applied analysis done by policy advisers employed by international agencies (e.g., the study of the Colombian economy directed by Lauchlin Currie [1950]). Some research by academic economists specializing in problems of economic development touched on financial issues (e.g., Gerschenkron 1962), and Raymond Goldsmith's collections of empirical data on financial variables (e.g., 1955, 1969) provided fodder for theorizing. However, the modern academic literature stems largely from the work of such monetary economists as Edward S. Shaw and his student John G. Gurley (e.g., Gurley and Shaw 1955; Shaw 1964). Shaw (1908–1994) was drawn to analyze the monetary problems of developing economies both by his personal approach to monetary theory and, later, by his dissatisfaction with the orthodox Keynesian and monetarist views that dominated the field.4 Having failed to obtain acceptance of his ideas as applied to the monetary systems of developed economies, Shaw turned to the analysis of http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png History of Political Economy Duke University Press http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/duke-university-press/h-d-macleod-and-the-origins-of-the-theory-of-finance-in-economic-SbLFo2UXS0
Skaggs, Neil T.
History of Political Economy
, Volume 35 (3) – Sep 1, 2003
/lp/duke-university-press/h-d-macleod-and-the-origins-of-the-theory-of-finance-in-economic-SbLFo2UXS0
History of Political Economy /
Copyright 2003 by Duke University Press
10.1215/00182702-35-3-361
History of Political Economy 35:3 (2003) before 1870.3 With few (but important) exceptions the period between 1870 and 1914 was no different. The modern literature on the relationship between financial development and economic growth and development is rooted in research conducted during the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this work was applied analysis done by policy advisers employed by international agencies (e.g., the study of the Colombian economy directed by Lauchlin Currie [1950]). Some research by academic economists specializing in problems of economic development touched on financial issues (e.g., Gerschenkron 1962), and Raymond Goldsmith's collections of empirical data on financial variables (e.g., 1955, 1969) provided fodder for theorizing. However, the modern academic literature stems largely from the work of such monetary economists as Edward S. Shaw and his student John G. Gurley (e.g., Gurley and Shaw 1955; Shaw 1964). Shaw (1908–1994) was drawn to analyze the monetary problems of developing economies both by his personal approach to monetary theory and, later, by his dissatisfaction with the orthodox Keynesian and monetarist views that dominated the field.4 Having failed to obtain acceptance of his ideas as applied to the monetary systems of developed economies, Shaw turned to the analysis of
History of Political Economy – Duke University Press
Published: Sep 1, 2003
Skaggs, N. (2003). H. D. Macleod and the Origins of the Theory of Finance in Economic Development. History of Political Economy, 35(3),
Skaggs, Neil T. "H. D. Macleod and the Origins of the Theory of Finance in Economic Development." History of Political Economy 35.3 (2003). | {
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CA Ct. App.
SANTANTONIO v. WESTINGHOUSE BROADCASTING COMPANY INC
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Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 7, California.
Gerald SANTANTONIO, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. WESTINGHOUSE BROADCASTING COMPANY, INC., et al., Defendants and Respondents.
No. B070149.
Decided: May 25, 1994
Inman, Weisz & Steinberg, Drew E. Pomerance and Hali E. Ziff, Beverly Hills, for plaintiff and appellant. Hill, Farrer & Burrill, Kyle D. Brown, Jack R. White and Ronald W. Novotny, Los Angeles, for defendants and respondents.
Plaintiff and appellant, Gerald Santantonio ("Santantonio"), appeals from an award of costs against him in the sum of $96,883.12, following his unsuccessful suit against defendants and respondents.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL SYNOPSIS
Santantonio and two other plaintiffs, Gerald A. Velona ("Velona") and Joseph R. Cochrane ("Cochrane"), were former account executives employed by Los Angeles radio station KFWB, owned by defendant and respondent Westinghouse Broadcasting Company, Inc. ("WBC"). Santantonio and Velona claimed that they were terminated by KFWB because of their age. Cochrane claimed that age discrimination forced him to leave KFWB for another job which did not pay as well. Plaintiffs also sued WBC's parent corporation, Westinghouse Electric, Inc. and two managerial employees of KFWB, Jack Hutchison ("Hutchison") and Joanne Cunha ("Cunha"). Cunha was dismissed as a defendant at the start of the trial.
On September 6, 1991, defendants served on plaintiffs' counsel an "offer to compromise," pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 998 1 as follows:
"Pursuant to C.C.P. § 998, defendants Westinghouse Broadcasting Co., Westinghouse Electric, Inc., Jack Hutchison, and Joanne Cunha hereby offer that plaintiffs Gerard Velona, Joseph Cochrane, and Jerry Santantonio take judgment against them in the following amounts:
"1. That plaintiff Velona take judgment against defendants in the amount of $100,000, exclusive of taxable costs incurred to the date of judgment;
"2. That plaintiff Cochrane take judgment against defendants in the amount of $100,000, exclusive of taxable costs incurred to the date of judgment; and
"3. That plaintiff Santantonio take judgment against defendants in the amount of $100,000, exclusive of taxable costs incurred to the date of judgment.
"Pursuant to C.C.P. § 998(b), this offer shall remain open for a period of thirty (30) days, during which time plaintiffs may file a proof of acceptance of the judgment and the court may enter judgment accordingly."
It is undisputed that the offer to compromise was rejected by plaintiffs.
Following a lengthy jury trial, the trial judge granted a motion for directed verdict in favor of Westinghouse Electric, Inc. On February 13, 1992, the jury then returned verdicts in favor of WBC and Hutchison as to the claims of Santantonio and Velona. The jury also returned a verdict in favor of WBC on Cochrane's claim against it, but found in favor of Cochrane on his claim against defendant Hutchison. The jury awarded Cochrane past economic damages in the sum of $85,000 and emotional distress damages in the sum of $100,000. The trial judge then awarded Cochrane an additional sum of $68,844 for future economic losses.2
In post-trial proceedings, Cochrane was also awarded costs in the sum of $3,220.60 and attorney's fees of $176,962, for a total judgment of $434,026.60. Additionally, the trial court granted Cochrane's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict against WBC, thereby making WBC jointly and severally liable for the damages awarded against Hutchison. On April 23, 1992, the judgment was amended to reflect the aforementioned post-trial rulings.
On February 28, 1992, defendants filed a memorandum of costs claiming $365,948.21 as recoverable costs against all of the plaintiffs. Plaintiffs moved to strike and tax defendants' memorandum of costs. Before the hearing on plaintiffs' motion to strike and tax costs, Velona filed a petition in bankruptcy and the trial court granted Cochrane's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict against WBC. In view of these developments before the hearing, defendants conceded that an allocation of costs only against Santantonio was being sought.
On May 20, 1992, the court made an order reflecting rulings on various pending post-trial motions and issues, including the matter of costs. At the request of Santantonio's counsel, a further order was made on June 1, 1992, to clarify certain parts of the May 20 order. As a result of the May 20 and June 1 orders, defendants were awarded costs against Santantonio in the sum of $96,883.12, consisting of the following:
Regarding the expert fees and support costs allowed under section 998, the court explained its reasons as follows:
"The recovery of expert witness fees depends first on whether the CCP 998 offer was valid. Court finds that it was. There existed a sufficient joint interest here in that all defendants were sued jointly on all causes of action. Further, the court relied on a commonality in determining plaintiff's successful motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. The amount of the offer was also reasonable based on the substantial evidence of poor performance documented by defendants.
"The question of the reasonableness of the amounts claimed remains. Defendants claim that Mr. Welch is the leading figure in the industry and that his firm was not retained until shortly before trial and that all the preparation and staff time was necessary and reasonable. Court will accept that the status of the two expert witnesses is sufficient enough to justify their fees. Therefore, fees for Mr. Welch are allowed in the amount of $47,162.50 and fees for Mr. Ward are allowed in the amount of $40,668.75. One-third of that amount is payable by Mr. Santantonio; to wit, $29,277.08. However, they seem to have hired some very high-priced talent to perform tasks which require skills that do not appear that awesome. For purposes of allowing staff fees, economists will be reimbursed at $75.00 per hour, programmers at $75.00 per hour, research assistants at $60.00 per hour, data entry clerks at $12.00 per hour and photocopy people at $8.00 per hour. If the calculations are correct, those allowable costs for staff time amount to $179,629.75, one-third of which is $59,867.58."
APPELLANT'S CONTENTIONS
Santantonio attacks the judgment on the ground that the trial court improperly awarded costs under section 998 and, in any event, abused its discretion as to the particular items and amounts which were allowed. As hereinafter discussed, there is no merit to these contentions.
DISCUSSIONA. DEFENDANTS' SECTION 998 OFFER WAS VALID.
Santantonio's principal contention is that the trial court should not have awarded any costs under section 998, on the ground that defendants' offer to compromise was not valid.3 In summary, Santantonio states three basic reasons for his contention: (1) the offer only provided for acceptance by plaintiffs jointly; (2) it was made jointly by defendants who are not united in interest; and (3) it was not intended to be a realistic offer to each plaintiff, but rather to provide a basis to shift litigation costs to plaintiffs under the guise of expert fees.
1. The Section 998 Offer Did Not Require Acceptance By All Plaintiffs. In Any Event, This Issue Has Been Raised For The First Time On Appeal And Should Not Be Considered.
Santantonio correctly points out that under interpretative decisions, a section 998 offer ("998 offer") made to multiple parties is valid only if it is expressly apportioned among them and not conditioned on acceptance by all of them. (See, e.g., Randles v. Lowry (1970) 4 Cal.App.3d 68, 74, 84 Cal.Rptr. 321; Meissner v. Paulson (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 785, 791, 260 Cal.Rptr. 826; Hutchins v. Waters (1975) 51 Cal.App.3d 69, 73, 123 Cal.Rptr. 819; Taing v. Johnson Scaffolding Co. (1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 579, 586, 11 Cal.Rptr.2d 820.) A single, lump sum offer to multiple plaintiffs which requires them to agree to apportionment among themselves is not valid. (Randles v. Lowry, supra, 4 Cal.App.3d at p. 74, 84 Cal.Rptr. 321.) Likewise, a lump sum offer by a plaintiff to multiple defendants may be invalid for the same reasons. (Taing v. Johnson Scaffolding Co., supra, 9 Cal.App.4th at p. 586, 11 Cal.Rptr.2d 820.)
The instant case does not involve a lump sum or unapportioned offer. Rather, since defendants expressly offered $100,000 to each plaintiff, the plaintiffs did not have to agree among themselves as to how the offer would be apportioned. Santantonio concedes as much, but argues that this case is like Hutchins.
In Hutchins, two plaintiffs sued one defendant for damages arising out of an automobile accident. The defendant made a 998 offer to both plaintiffs for an aggregate sum which was expressly apportioned between the two of them. But the offer also expressly provided that neither plaintiff could accept unless the other also accepted. The court held that the offer was invalid because section 998 does not contemplate that kind of "conditional settlement offer" to two plaintiffs "to become effective only if accepted by both." (Emphasis deleted.) (Hutchins v. Waters, supra, 51 Cal.App.3d at p. 73, 123 Cal.Rptr. 819.)
The offer made by defendants in this case is distinguishable from the one made in Hutchins. Nothing in defendants' offer specifically stated that the $100,000 offered to Santantonio, individually and by name, could be accepted by him only if the other two plaintiffs accepted their offers. We discern that Santantonio is really suggesting that the offer made in this case should now be judicially construed as impliedly imposing a condition that all three plaintiffs were required to accept, since the offer did not expressly provide that the plaintiffs could accept separately. We decline the invitation to imply such a condition.
Initially, it should be noted that the record on appeal does not reveal that this issue was raised in the trial court. In his moving papers in the trial court, the only grounds asserted by Santantonio for his claim that the 998 offer was invalid were that "there was no unity of interest between defendants Westinghouse Electric and Westinghouse Broadcasting and thus no possible joint or respondeat superior liability," and "the § 998 offers to plaintiffs were invalid because they were not reasonable or good faith offers." The record reveals that those two points only were urged by Santantonio's trial counsel during oral argument on Santantonio's motion to tax costs. Having failed to raise the issue in the trial court, the issue was waived, and we will not consider it for the first time on appeal. (Evers v. Cornelson (1984) 163 Cal.App.3d 310, 315, 209 Cal.Rptr. 497.)
Secondly, Santantonio has cited no case which supports his present interpretation of defendants' offer, and we note that such an interpretation would not serve the policy of section 998. The purpose of the statute is to encourage settlements, and it "achieves its aim by punishing a party who fails to accept a reasonable offer from the other party." (Original emphasis.) (Elrod v. Oregon Cummins Diesel, Inc. (1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 692, 698–699, 241 Cal.Rptr. 108.) A reasonable inference from the record is that Santantonio rejected the offer by defendants because he and his counsel considered it to be far too low, and not because they thought he was precluded from accepting unless the other two plaintiffs also agreed to take $100,000. We note that Santantonio reiterates all of the reasons why he did not consider the $100,000 offer to him to be reasonable. The comments of his counsel during oral argument in the trial court reflect similar reiterations.
Accordingly, we infer that Santantonio is attempting to avoid the cost shifting purpose behind section 998 based on a claimed procedural defect devised by his appellate counsel for the first time on appeal. If the statutory purpose behind section 998 is to be served in this case, we cannot permit Santantonio to avoid the consequences of his decision by claiming now that the offer ought to be construed as one which he could not have accepted anyway. Such a construction would be strained, and we decline to do so.
2. It Was Proper For Defendants To Make A Joint Offer.
Santantonio next contends, as he did below, that defendants' offer was invalid because it was jointly made. He asserts that a joint offer by multiple defendants is not permissible "unless the Defendants' interests are identical and indivisible, referred to in the case law as unity of interest." Based on that view of the law, he concludes the defendants' joint offer was rendered invalid because defendant Westinghouse Electric was granted a directed verdict on the ground that it had no joint or respondeat superior liability.
Santantonio is mistaken. The case of Hurlbut v. Sonora Community Hospital (1989) 207 Cal.App.3d 388, 254 Cal.Rptr. 840, cited by Santantonio, involved a suit by parents and a child against a hospital for injuries resulting from the hospital's alleged negligent failure to perform a timely caesarean section procedure. The plaintiffs' joint 998 offer to the defendant was held to be invalid pursuant to the following reasoning:
"Unlike the cases sanctioning a plaintiff's joint offer to multiple defendants where they are held to be jointly and severally liable for the total judgment [citations], plaintiffs' interests were not identical. There was no single, indivisible injury to evaluate for settlement purposes." (Id., at p. 410, 254 Cal.Rptr. 840.)
In the instant case, each plaintiff did claim to have suffered a single, indivisible injury, for which the defendants were alleged to be jointly and severally liable. Hence, the case of Brown v. Nolan (1979) 98 Cal.App.3d 445, 159 Cal.Rptr. 469, cited by the court in Hurlbut, is much more like the instant case and the court's rationale is apposite. In Brown, a joint offer by two defendants to a plaintiff was held to be valid under section 998 under the following reasoning:
"The parties to this appeal agree that in this action a single plaintiff sued two defendants on a theory of joint and several liability. 'Contributory wrongdoers, whether joint tortfeasors or concurrent or successive tortfeasors, are ordinarily jointly and severally liable for the entire damage. [Citations.] [¶] Hence, when they are joined in an action it is improper to apportion compensatory damages among them; judgment for the full amount should be rendered against each.' [Citation.] When the facts of this case are viewed within the context of these general principles it becomes clear that the offer in issue was one contemplated by section 998.
"Plaintiff's argument that if section 998 is strictly construed it cannot be read as providing for joint offers because it speaks in the singular ('any party may serve an offer․ If an offer made by a defendant ․ [Italics added.].') is not persuasive. Where, as here, defendants are sued upon a theory of joint and several liability, each is potentially liable for the full amount of any judgment. Therefore, the offer of compromise in question is properly read as an offer by each defendant to plaintiff that judgment in the amount of $12,500 may be taken against each one of them, jointly and severally. Thus, the statute's speaking in the singular makes perfect sense when it is applied to defendants sued on such a theory. The trial court erred in holding that section 998 was inapplicable." (Emphasis added and deleted.) (Fns. omitted.) (Id., 98 Cal.App.3d at p. 451, 159 Cal.Rptr. 469.)
To the same effect see Winston Square Homeowner's Assn. v. Centex West, Inc. (1989) 213 Cal.App.3d 282, 294, 261 Cal.Rptr. 605, where the court upheld a joint 998 offer as follows:
"Joint offers by more than one defendant fall within the provisions of section 998 when defendants are united in interest and are sued on a theory of joint and several liability. [Citations.] Here, all defendants were not united in interest. Nevertheless, the application of section 998 appears appropriate in this case. Though the joint offer did not break down the offer as to particular areas of damage or defendants, Wilsey & Ham received a judgment in its favor. Wilsey & Ham was an absolute prevailing party—it was completely absolved of any liability. As Wilsey & Ham contends, the subsequent settlement between plaintiff and the other defendants on issues other than drainage was irrelevant as far as Wilsey & Ham was concerned." (Fn. omitted.)
Thus, Santantonio misconstrues the application of the cited cases when he suggests that defendants' 998 offer was rendered invalid when Westinghouse Electric ultimately avoided liability through a directed verdict. Santantonio has not included the pleadings in the appellate record. However, by judicial notice under Evidence Code section 452, subdivision (d), it is seen that all of the defendants, including Westinghouse Electric, were sued on the theory that they were jointly and severally liable for the alleged age discrimination asserted by all of the plaintiffs, and defendants filed a joint answer to the complaint. Hence, this case is governed by the rationale of Brown.4
3. The Offer Was Reasonable.
As a last attack on the validity of defendants' 998 offer, Santantonio argues that it was not reasonable. Santantonio misconstrues the law.
a. Defendants' offer was prima facie reasonable. Santantonio has the burden of showing an abuse of discretion by the trial court on appeal.
It is true that the courts have held that a good faith requirement must be read into section 998. In Wear v. Calderon (1981) 121 Cal.App.3d 818, 175 Cal.Rptr. 566, an offer of only one dollar by a defendant in a personal injury action was held not to serve the purpose of the statute because there was no chance the plaintiff would accept such a nominal offer to settle the case. Similarly, in Pineda v. Los Angeles Turf Club, Inc. (1980) 112 Cal.App.3d 53, 62–63, 169 Cal.Rptr. 66, both the trial court and court of appeal held that a settlement offer of $2,500 made by a defendant was so disproportionate to plaintiff's demand of $10,000,000 that it was unreasonable to expect that it would be accepted. The court of appeal held it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial judge to have denied defendant's claim for expert fees under 998, even though the defendant was absolved of liability by the jury. (Id., at p. 63, 169 Cal.Rptr. 66.)
Based on like reasoning, in Elrod v. Oregon Cummins Diesel, Inc., supra, 195 Cal.App.3d 692, 241 Cal.Rptr. 108, a $15,001 offer by one of several defendants in a case where the plaintiff's personal injury damages ultimately were determined to be in excess of $1,000,000 was found to be an invalid "token" by the trial court, and that determination was upheld by the Court of Appeal. In so doing, however, the Court of Appeal acknowledged the following rules which are relevant to the instant case as well:
"It is the general rule that where a party shows a prima facie entitlement to costs, the burden is on an objector to prove the costs should be disallowed. [Citations.] Where, as here, the offeror obtains a judgment more favorable than its offer, the judgment constitutes prima facie evidence showing the offer was reasonable and the offeror is eligible for costs as specified in section 998. The burden is therefore properly on plaintiff, as offeree, to prove otherwise.
"Finally, whether a section 998 offer was reasonable and made in good faith is a matter left to the sound discretion of the trial court." (Id., at p. 700, 241 Cal.Rptr. 108.)
In Elrod, facts very different from the instant case led both the trial court and Court of Appeal to conclude that the offer was not good enough to qualify as a reasonable one. The plaintiff had been rendered a paraplegic in a trucking accident. The jury ultimately determined his damage to be $1,183,350, but also determined that he was 60 percent at fault. The defendant who made the $15,001 settlement offer was found to be 10 percent liable. However, the plaintiff's damages ultimately were required to be reduced by a $500,000 settlement received from other defendants and by $137,504 received as worker's compensation benefits. As a result of these fortuitous offsets, the net recovery against the defendant who made the $15,001 offer turned out to be zero. In view of those facts, the Court of Appeal held—"In this case, no abuse of discretion has been shown. The trial court could conclude plaintiff carried his burden of proving that, at the time the offer was made, it was not a reasonable prediction of the amount Cummins would have to pay plaintiff following a trial." (Id., at p. 700, 241 Cal.Rptr. 108.)
In the instant case, the shoe is on the other foot on appeal. Here, the trial judge who heard all of the evidence and presumably was in the best position to evaluate defendants' $100,000 offer to Santantonio concluded that it was reasonable. The court's ruling expressly states: "The amount of the offer was also reasonable based on the substantial evidence of poor performance documented by defendants." Indeed, it is significant that in this case, Santantonio's failure to obtain a judgment more favorable than the defendants' offer did not result from fortuitous offsets like those in Elrod. Rather, it was the result of a complete defense verdict against him on the issue of liability. For that reason alone, the offer must be regarded as prima facie reasonable.
b. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that defendants' offer was reasonable.
We find no merit to Santantonio's arguments as to why defendants' $100,000 offer was not a realistic one at the time it was made. Santantonio's brief states: "To Mr. Santantonio, the Defendants made an entirely unreasonable offer [because they offered him] less than one-ninth of his projected economic losses." But the mere fact that Santantonio claimed projected economic losses of over $900,000 does not mean that defendants' $100,000 offer was unreasonable or unrealistic. Defendants contended that they had no liability to Santantonio at all, and the jury ultimately agreed. Moreover, defendants contended that the damage estimates by plaintiffs' expert were greatly excessive, especially in Santantonio's case.
Defendants' expert economist, Michael Ward, testified that he estimated Santantonio's past economic losses to be between $120,624 and $198,959, depending upon whether it took Santantonio one year or two years to obtain another job in radio or television sales. Based on his survey of available jobs in the industry, Dr. Ward testified that there was no good reason why Santantonio should not have been able to get another sales job within one to two years after being terminated by KFWB.
Dr. Ward further testified that he estimated Santantonio's projected future economic losses to be no more than another $79,674 to $87,273. Dr. Ward explained that the projected future losses were attributable to Santantonio's loss of pension benefits at KFWB and the slight differential in pay he might have on another job based on the average salary for account executives in the industry, projected out to the time of his expected retirement under Department of Labor tables. Thus, Dr. Ward's highest estimate of the combined past and projected future economic losses for Santantonio amounted to $286,232. Defendants offered to settle for approximately 35 percent of that, even though they strongly believed (as the jury found) that they had no liability at all.
Santantonio also seeks to justify his rejection of the $100,000 settlement offer because defendants offered the same amount to Cochrane, even though Cochrane's claimed economic losses were only one-third as much as Santantonio's, and Cochrane then recovered more than four times the offer. Santantonio argues: "There could be any of a hundred reasons why the jury did not find for Mr. Santantonio, none of which have anything to do with the value of his claim." Any evaluation of Santantonio's claim, however, would prudently take into account the possible reasons why a jury might find defendants were not liable for any claimed age discrimination against him. A complete transcript of the record has not been provided to this appellate court, but a reasonable inference is that there were indeed very good reasons why the jury found against him and Velona, but in favor of Cochrane. Poor performance on the part of Santantonio and Velona is evident from Judge Leahy's statement that "the substantial evidence of poor performance documented by defendants" supported his ruling that defendants' $100,000 offer to Santantonio was reasonable.
c. Santantonio's claim that defendants attempted to trick plaintiffs with their section 998 offer is non-meritorious.
Santantonio maintains defendants attempted to "trick Plaintiffs by their 998 Offer," and he was unaware when he rejected it that defendants would use it as a "ploy" to "shift the bulk of their litigation costs" to him. He says he would have considered the offer differently if he had thought rejection would expose him to such exorbitant amounts for defendants' expert fees.
Santantonio overlooks the fact that section 998 expressly allows a party to shift part of his or her litigation costs to the other side when the statutory conditions are met; and those costs may, in the court's discretion, include expert fees. Experienced litigation counsel know that expert fees can be very substantial, depending on the nature of issues litigated. We assume Santantonio's trial counsel competently explained this exposure to him at the time defendants' 998 offer was evaluated and rejected. Santantonio's complaints about the nature and amount of the expert fees ultimately allowed by the trial court are not relevant to the issue of whether the 998 offer was valid. Those complaints go only to the separate question, which we discuss later, of whether the court below abused its discretion in determining what should properly be allowed under section 998, given the fact that Santantonio did not obtain a more favorable judgment than what was offered to him.
Santantonio mistakenly relies on Elrod in support of his argument that he should now be relieved of the statutory consequences of his rejection of defendants' 998 offer because he misjudged how much exposure he might have for defendants' costs. The argument is out of context. The Elrod court's discussion about viewing the reasonableness of an offer in the light of what the offeree knows or does not know at the time the offer is made has reference to facts bearing on the evaluation of the offeree's own claim. The discussion did not involve an evaluation of what the cost exposure might be if the offer were to be rejected. This is made clear when the language quoted in Santantonio's brief is placed back in proper context:
"If the offer is found reasonable by the first test, it must then satisfy a second test: whether defendant's information was known or reasonably should have been known to plaintiff. This second test is necessary because the section 998 mechanism works only where the offeree has reason to know the offer is a reasonable one. If the offeree has no reason to know the offer is reasonable, then the offeree cannot be expected to accept the offer.
"Thus, suppose defendant's files contain 'dynamite' information likely to insulate it from liability. However, the information is subject to a privilege and is not discoverable by plaintiff. Defendant intends to waive the privilege and use the information at trial. Defendant makes a low offer premised on its exclusive knowledge; an objective appraisal of other circumstances, including defendant's likely liability for damages, would indicate the offer is patently unreasonable. Unless defendant communicates its exclusive knowledge to plaintiff with its offer, the offer is not reasonable and does not qualify as a valid section 998 offer. Since defendant knew or reasonably should have known plaintiff lacked information necessary to evaluate the offer, defendant did not make the offer in good faith for purposes of section 998.
"However, we emphasize the reasonableness of defendant's offer does not depend on information actually known to plaintiff but rather on information that was known or reasonably should have been known. The latter standard is an objective one: would a reasonable person have discovered the information? A contrary conclusion would make defendant's good faith incongruously depend on plaintiff's subjective knowledge and would reward plaintiffs who are dilatory in pursuing discovery. Thus, if a defendant makes a low offer shortly before trial based upon potent evidence likely to insulate defendant from liability, and if the evidence was reasonably available to plaintiff, defendant's offer may qualify as a valid section 998 offer even though plaintiff did not in fact know of the information because he failed to investigate or pursue discovery." (Emphasis added.) (Elrod v. Oregon Cummins Diesel, Inc., supra, 195 Cal.App.3d at pp. 699–700, 241 Cal.Rptr. 108.)
There is nothing in the record to suggest that the facts which defendants believed would prove that they had not terminated Santantonio because of his age were not as well known to him as they were to defendants. But Santantonio consciously disputed defendants' reasons by taking the matter to trial, thereby making it necessary for defendants to engage experts to help prove their case. Under section 998, defendants are entitled to recover a share of those costs from Santantonio, and nothing in Elrod provides him with a legitimate excuse for failing to properly evaluate his statutory exposure.
B. THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN DETERMINING WHAT COSTS SHOULD BE ALLOWED.
Santantonio repeatedly asserts that the trial court improperly allowed the expert fees as a recoverable cost under section 998, because (a) they were not actual expert fees; (b) they were not reasonably necessary in the defense of defendants' case; and (c) they were not sufficiently described in defendants' cost memorandum.
Santantonio does not dispute that the trial court's determination on these issues can be reversed only for an abuse of discretion. The governing rule is set forth in Evers v. Cornelson, supra, 163 Cal.App.3d 310, 314–315, 209 Cal.Rptr. 497, as follows:
"Defendant complains that certain items of costs awarded by the trial court were exorbitant and, therefore, unreasonable and the only evidence presented to support these costs was the hearsay declarations of plaintiff's counsel. On the issue of whether the costs were exorbitant and unreasonable, the courts have consistently held that where a trial court has been vested with discretion to perform an act, and it so acts, its actions can only be set aside for an abuse of discretion. [Citations.] As this court stated in Huber, Hunt & Nichols, Inc. v. Moore (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 278, 315 [136 Cal.Rptr. 603]: 'The trial court has discretion under Code of Civil Procedure section 998 to allow a prevailing party (as defined in the section) a reasonable sum to cover the costs of the services of expert witnesses. [Citation.] The trial court was in a far better position, having heard the entire case and observed the demeanor of witnesses, to exercise this discretion and determine what was a reasonable amount and what was reasonably necessary.' As in the Moore case, we should not substitute our judgment over the judgment of the trial court in the absence of a clear showing of an abuse of discretion. Here, there has been no such showing on the issues of what was a reasonable amount and what was reasonably necessary.
"As to defendant's attack on plaintiff's proof of her costs, generally, '[i]f items on their face appear to be proper charges, the verified memorandum of costs is prima facie evidence of their propriety, placing the burden of proof on the party attacking them.' " (Emphasis added.)
To the same effect, see Balfour, Guthrie & Co. v. Gourmet Farms (1980) 108 Cal.App.3d 181, 192, 166 Cal.Rptr. 422; Stiles v. Estate of Ryan, supra, 173 Cal.App.3d 1057, 1066, 219 Cal.Rptr. 647.)
Here, the trial judge was justified in concluding that the amounts awarded as expert fees were in fact for expert services and that those services were reasonably necessary to defendants' case. Santantonio's arguments to the contrary appear to rest primarily on references to a few selected items described in the bills of Welch Associates. However, the most reliable evidence of what services were performed is the actual trial testimony of Finis Welch and Michael Ward, which Santantonio largely ignores.
The record reflects that Dr. Welch, the founder of Welch Associates, is an economist specializing in statistics and labor economics. His testimony focused on various issues concerning the liability side of plaintiffs' claims of age discrimination. Defendants contended that Santantonio and Velona were terminated and that Cochrane had been threatened with possible termination because they all failed to meet certain specific performance goals for account executives set by KFWB's management. In particular, beginning in 1987, KFWB required each account executive to meet a specific annual budget for new business production as a condition of continued employment.
Although we are not provided with a complete reporter's transcript of the trial it is undisputed in the briefs on appeal that throughout the trial plaintiffs made numerous charges to the effect that their alleged poor performance was a subterfuge for age discrimination. Some of their claims included the following: that there was no business justification for management's decision to require account executives to meet specific goals for new business production to keep their jobs; that the new business budgets established for plaintiffs were more burdensome than those set for other account executives; that management engaged in numerous acts to favor other account executives and make it impossible for plaintiffs to achieve their new business budgets; and that management even skewed the records to make it appear that plaintiffs performed poorly in comparison with other account executives, when plaintiffs actually were performing better than others who were not terminated or threatened with termination.
Dr. Welch was engaged by defendants to examine all of these contentions and to express his opinions concerning them as an economist. His testimony was supported by some 34 exhibits, consisting of charts and graphs prepared under his direction. As a sampling, he testified that there was a legitimate business need for KFWB's rigorous insistence upon the production of new business as a condition for retaining one's job as an account executive; there was no pattern of age discrimination in the setting of new business budgets for plaintiffs and other account executives, and plaintiffs' budgets were not more burdensome than others; plaintiffs, including Santantonio, performed poorly in relation to the goals set for them; at the time he was discharged on April 13, 1989, Santantonio ranked last in new business production and he had been below his budget and on a steady decline since August of 1987; and there was no disparate treatment of plaintiffs, nor any pattern of age discrimination in how management dealt with other account executives who failed to meet their performance goals.
Dr. Ward also was an economist and was employed by Welch Associates. He was engaged primarily to estimate the amount of economic loss that might have been suffered by plaintiffs by reason of their leaving KFWB. His testimony was needed to counter the testimony of plaintiffs' own damage expert, Dr. Joyce Pickersgill, and the testimony of Santantonio and Velona as to why they could not get comparable employment to mitigate their claimed damages. Dr. Ward's preparation included conducting a survey of available jobs for experienced sales people in radio and television in Los Angeles and the average salary paid for such available jobs.
From the foregoing summary of testimony by Drs. Welch and Ward, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that the services of Drs. Welch and Ward were expert witness services and that those services were reasonably necessary for presentation of defendants' case. Santantonio's argument that some of the preparation, and some of the testimony, could have been provided through defendants' own staff, is not compelling. We conclude that it was reasonable for defendants to have Drs. Welch and Ward independently develop and analyze the evidence relied upon for their expert opinions with the aid of their own staff economists and other support personnel and then present such evidence through their trial testimony and the illustrative exhibits prepared under their direction.5
Lastly, Santantonio argues without merit that costs allowed under section 998 must be limited to the actual time consumed in examination in court. The reference to Government Code section 68092.5 in section 998, subdivision (h) is interpreted to mean that any fees charged for trial time must not exceed the expert's normal rate. Costs recoverable under section 998, subdivision (c) expressly include "a reasonable sum to cover costs of the services of expert witnesses, ․ reasonably necessary in either, or both, the preparation or trial of the case by the defendant." (Emphasis added.)
In Evers v. Cornelson, supra, 163 Cal.App.3d 310, 317, 209 Cal.Rptr. 497, the court expressly held that section 998 does indeed cover trial preparation by an expert.
"It appears reasonable to expect an expert witness who is going to testify at trial to prepare to be able to assist the jury on difficult issues. The more prepared the expert witness is, the more help he will be. The question is really whether the amount of time spent by [the expert] in preparing for trial was reasonable. The trial court found that this preparation was reasonably necessary and that the total cost was a reasonable amount. Again, absent a showing by defendant of an abuse of discretion, the trial court's findings will not be disturbed on appeal. [Citations.]" (Ibid.)
The court in Evers went on to further hold that section 998 also covers the cost of experts who aid in the preparation of the case for trial, even if they do not actually testify. (Id., at p. 317, 209 Cal.Rptr. 497.) The court observed: "Since the statute does not specify precisely the services for which costs are recoverable, the determination of allowable costs is largely within the trial court's discretion." (Id., at pp. 317–318, 209 Cal.Rptr. 497.)
Based on these principles, we conclude that the trial judge acted within his discretion when he allowed not only the amounts charged by Drs. Welch and Ward for their own preparation and trial time, but also a portion of their separately itemized charges for staff economists and other skilled employees who helped them in that preparation.
C. THE COURT'S ALLOCATION OF ONE–THIRD OF THE TOTAL COSTS TO APPELLANT WAS NOT EXCESSIVE.
Santantonio contends he should not have to bear one-third of the costs simply because there were three plaintiffs. He concedes that the allocation of defendants' costs among the plaintiffs was a matter for the trial court's discretion, but he argues that the court abused its discretion.6
Santantonio makes the following statement in his brief in support of his argument that the trial court abused its discretion: "Substantial evidence supports a far different conclusion; that Defendants did not believe that Mr. Santantonio would prevail, and instead concentrated their efforts on defending against the other Plaintiffs, especially Mr. Cochrane." The statement is devoid of any reference to the record before this court. As noted previously, we have not been presented with a complete reporter's transcript on appeal. We assume that if the record supports the argument then Santantonio surely would have perfected the relevant portion of the record on appeal. But we are presented with a record which demonstrates what the defendants said on the subject by examining their memorandum of costs filed in the trial court. The memorandum contains the following:
"The $100,000 offer made to each of the three plaintiffs in this case was entirely reasonable and proper under the circumstances. The offer was consistent with offers made to the plaintiffs in mandatory settlement conferences before the court, and with the defendants' realistic exposure in terms of economic losses to each of the three plaintiffs. In this regard, although plaintiff Santantonio alleges that his economist projected economic losses in excess of $900,000, the projection did not take into account either Santantonio's nonexistent efforts to mitigate his damages or his alleged stellar reputation in the industry which would presumably have enabled him to find other work in the broadcasting field had he attempted to do so. Defendants' offer also took into account the common overriding defense to the action based on all the plaintiffs' subpar work performance, in addition to the relatively small possibility of an award of emotional distress or punitive damages to any of them. The $100,000 offer to each of the plaintiffs was therefore justified, particularly in view of the strength of the company's defenses and the similarity of the fact patterns to all three cases."
Thus, from what we can discern from the record provided to this court and contrary to Santantonio's argument, the fact that defendants considered their $100,000 offer to be reasonable in part because they believed his $900,000 claim of economic loss was overstated, does not logically compel the conclusion that they concentrated their efforts on defending against the claims of the other two plaintiffs. The record is clear that the defendants placed exactly the same $100,000 value on the claims of Velona and Cochrane.
Lastly, Santantonio argues that it is a matter of simple arithmetic that he should have the lowest prorata portion of defendants' recoverable costs, because he was offered the lowest percentage of his claimed economic losses. The argument presents an obvious non sequitur when we review the record and find that the $100,000 offered to each plaintiff represented a smaller percentage of Santantonio's claim than that of the claims of the other two plaintiffs since Santantonio's claimed economic losses were the greatest. The record is highly suggestive that, if anything, Santantonio had the largest claim and that he would be the focus of intense defense efforts, since defendants had more to lose if he prevailed.
To reiterate, the trial judge was in the best position to allocate a fair share of the recoverable costs to Santantonio. The court concluded that one-third of the total costs ultimately found to be allowable (after various reductions) was a reasonable allocation. Santantonio has not demonstrated that the allocation by the trial judge was an abuse of discretion.7
The judgment is affirmed. Costs of appeal are awarded to respondents.
I respectfully dissent for two reasons. First, in my view the trial court erred in shifting any costs since the Code of Civil Procedure section 998 1 offer was not unconditional as required by that statute. Second, assuming it were appropriate to shift some costs, the court erred in failing to take account of appellant's means in setting the amount of the award.
I. THE OFFER WAS A JOINT OFFER CONDITIONAL ON ACCEPTANCE BY ALL PLAINTIFFS AND THUS INVALID UNDER SECTION 998.
In my view the section 998 offer in this case was conditional and its rejection therefore cannot serve to shift the costs of defendant's expert witnesses to appellant. The offer was conditional because it required acceptance by all three plaintiffs. As such, it is not effective to shift costs under Hutchins v. Waters (1975) 51 Cal.App.3d 69, 73, 123 Cal.Rptr. 819 and Meissner v. Paulson (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 785, 791, 260 Cal.Rptr. 826.
My first problem is with the fact respondent did not serve a separate 998 offer on each of the three plaintiffs. Instead it combined the three offers in a single joint document and served it on the attorney who happened to be representing all plaintiffs.
Hutchins dictates before a party can claim the benefits of cost shifting, it must be shown that party "served an unconditional offer in writing upon any other party to the action, or to each of several other parties to the actions." In my view, this language clearly requires that in multi-plaintiff litigation the defendant must serve a separate offer on each individual plaintiff, even if all plaintiffs happen to be represented by the same attorney. Not only is this requirement compelled by the language of the statute, but it serves important policies. This rule is the only way to ensure each offer is individual to a given plaintiff and can be accepted by that plaintiff even if the others reject their offers. Furthermore, it is the best way of avoiding any ambiguity whether each of these offers is unconditional and not dependent upon acceptance by all parties. Indeed the instant case is a good example of what happens when the offer is a combined offer to several parties.
A still more fundamental objection, however, is the nature of the offer embodied in this single document. At many critical places, the offer is written in the plural and the conjunctive. Indeed it is not only a tenable but a most reasonable inference the document sets forth a joint offer to all three plaintiffs and that all three plaintiffs had to accept the offer. The only instance where the offer does not speak in the plural is where it apportions the total amount among the plaintiffs, setting it at $100,000 to each plaintiff.
When read in context the offer to compromise looks clearly conditional. For example, in its most critical passages, the document states defendants "hereby offer that plaintiffs ․ take judgment against them in the following amounts" and "plaintiffs may file a proof of acceptance." The proper inference is the offer must be accepted by all three plaintiffs. This inference is reinforced by other portions of the document. The first reference to the plaintiffs is to all three, Mr. Velona, Mr. Cochrane and Mr. Santantonio. The numbered paragraphs apportioning the 998 offer at $100,000 each are also stated in the conjunctive. The only other reference to the plaintiffs or to any of them is collective, stating the "Plaintiffs" [plural] "may file a proof of acceptance" [singular]. The plaintiffs had to act together to accept the 998 offer rendering it conditional and, therefore, invalid for purposes of assessing costs against any of the plaintiffs under Hutchins.
The majority is prepared to dismiss this entire argument because "the record on appeal does not reveal that this issue was raised in the trial court." (Maj. opn. at p. 490.) However, the interpretation of an integrated instrument or writing is a question of law, as is the interpretation of a statute. (9 Witkin, Cal.Procedure, Appeal § 242 (3d ed., 1985); Parsons v. Bristol Development Co. (1965) 62 Cal.2d 861, 865, 44 Cal.Rptr. 767, 402 P.2d 839; Matter of Estate of Butler (1988) 205 Cal.App.3d 311, 317, 252 Cal.Rptr. 210.) Accordingly, whether the section 998 offer was valid on its face may be reviewed de novo in this court. Extrinsic evidence would have been irrelevant if tendered in the trial court. Consequently, any failure to raise this particular issue below does not deprive this court of any information required to properly interpret the document presenting this section 998 offer.
II. THIS AWARD AND LIKE 998 AWARDS THREATEN TO DISTORT LITIGATION INCENTIVES AND BEHAVIOR UNLESS SCALED IN SIZE TO THE COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC RESOURCES OF THE COMPETING LITIGANTS.
Even if I agreed it was appropriate to shift some costs to appellant pursuant to section 998, I would reverse and remand for reappraisal of the amount of the costs which properly could be shifted. In my view, the trial court erred in failing to assess appellant's economic resources and to include that factor in its calculation of the cost award. Unless trial courts include this factor in setting the costs to be shifted under section 998, they will distort settlement incentives and unduly discourage individual litigants from pursuing reasonable courses of action in the courts.
There is no doubt cost shifting performs a major purpose in the section 998 process. It gives the party receiving the offer an added incentive to behave reasonably. Reasonable behavior means accepting a reasonably generous offer. But it also means rejecting an unreasonably stingy one. To encourage reasonable behavior, therefore, the amount of the costs which may shift also must be reasonable. Not just reasonable in absolute terms, but reasonable in comparison with the resources of the offeree. If modest income litigants are required to risk the imposition of $100,000 in costs if they reject a section 998 offer, they will feel compelled to accept any such offer, even if it is far below what they have a reasonable prospect of winning at trial. Particularly if the opposing party is a large institution, as it was here, the average person can't afford to gamble. It is like going to a casino and entering a no limit game against the "house" with only one week's paycheck in the bank.2
The courts have recognized the need to adjust cost assessments to the parties' means in other contexts. For example, this court in In re Marriage of Norton (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 53, 253 Cal.Rptr. 354, held family courts are required to determine the parties' comparative financial resources before shifting legal fees from one to the other, even when the reason for the shift is to encourage the parties to behave reasonably during the litigation. In Norton, the trial court found the wife had behaved unreasonably during settlement negotiations with her husband and in other proceedings before the court. A then newly enacted provision, Civil Code section 4370.5, authorized family court judges to require spouses who had behaved unreasonably to pay the legal fees their other spouses incurred as a result. Using this law, the court shifted a part of the husband's legal fees to the wife, but only after being careful to determine the parties were of equal means.
This court affirmed the shift of legal fees from the husband to the wife. But we took care to emphasize we would have reversed if the trial judge had not ascertained the wife's economic situation before placing this burden on her. We held this was a requirement, despite the fact Civil Code section 4370.5 at that time failed to mention anything about the respective needs or financial resources of the competing litigants.3 As we explained:
"The purpose of Civil Code section 4370.5 is to encourage reasonable litigation and settlement behavior in marriage dissolution proceedings. The purpose is not to cause undue hardship nor to discourage parties from pursuing meritorious actions. Therefore, the other party may not be entitled to an award of all fees and costs he or she expended in the proceedings."
"Less affluent parties, typically wives, may be unduly discouraged from vigorously prosecuting legitimate claims and defenses if they face the prospect of having to pay substantial cost and fee awards to the other side. This problem will be compounded if there is a gross disparity of resources. The other side will not feel the same inhibitions since this wealthier party will not find it nearly so hard to pay any award the court may impose for its litigation behavior. This creates an imbalance in the incentives to behave appropriately during settlement negotiations and litigation. Economic analysis suggests the less affluent party will behave too timidly during litigation and accept unfavorable settlement terms when facing a party who is less concerned about the possible economic disincentives of taking a hard line. (See Covenant Mutual Ins. Co. v. Young (1986) 179 Cal.App.3d 318, 325–327 [225 Cal.Rptr. 861], and authorities cited therein.)" (In re Marriage of Norton, supra, 206 Cal.App.3d 53, 59–60, 253 Cal.Rptr. 354.)
In a pair of recent decisions, appellate courts also have recognized trial courts must take account of a party's economic status before imposing other litigation costs on them. Both of these cases arose when trial courts ordered discovery matters to be heard by "private judges" pursuant to sections 639 and 645.1. As is typical in such "references," the court ordered the parties to divide the private judge's fees for performing this task.
In the first case, Solorzano v. Superior Court (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 603, 22 Cal.Rptr.2d 401, one of the parties was indigent. The appellate court reversed the order, holding the indigent party could not be compelled to pay these fees because of the state's in forma pauperis provisions. The second case, McDonald v. Superior Court (1994) 22 Cal.App.4th 364, 27 Cal.Rptr.2d 310, involved a person of modest means rather than an indigent. In an opinion which resonates in this case, the court emphasized cost assessments cannot be used to discourage middle class citizens from having effective resort to the courts either.
"As stated in Solorzano in discussing in forma pauperis plaintiffs:
" 'Fees of $200 to $300 per hour charged by privately compensated discovery referees allow affluent litigants to avoid discovery compliance by pricing enforcement of legitimate discovery demands beyond the means of indigent plaintiffs. This advantage based on wealth flows directly from the trial court's order imposing equal division of fees between indigent plaintiffs and an adverse litigant of far superior financial means.' (Citation omitted.)
" 'The same policy considerations apply where one party has financial resources far superior to an opposing party who, while not proceeding in forma pauperis, has clearly limited financial means.' " (McDonald v. Superior Court, supra, 22 Cal.App.4th 364, 369, 27 Cal.Rptr.2d 310.)
Just as trial courts must avoid imposing unreasonable discovery costs on modest income litigants they must avoid shifting other types of unreasonable litigation costs to those same litigants if the litigation process is to be fair and to produce just results.4 In order to properly balance litigation incentives to produce fair and reasonable settlements under section 998, the amount of the fees shifted must be scaled to be proportionate to the comparative financial resources of the competing parties. The prospect of a $100,000 cost shift may represent a reasonable incentive to accept a section 998 settlement offer if the offeree has ample resources. For persons of only modest means, however, that $100,000 will loom as a terrifying threat, one calculated to distort their decision-making and force them to cave in to unreasonably low section 998 offers.5 Since the trial court made no inquiry into appellant's financial status, we do not know for sure whether $100,000 was a reasonable disincentive for someone like appellant or whether the amount of this cost shift must be scaled back in order to avoid irrational and unfair results in this and future litigation. (On the other hand, we do know one of the other three plaintiffs in this case had to declare bankruptcy, presumably in whole or in part because of the threatened assessment of the $100,000 in costs.)
Civil Code section 4370.5 construed in Norton and sections 639 and 645.1 construed in Solorzano and McDonald expressly allow the trial court discretion in imposing fees, costs, or other expenses on litigants. In both instances, appellate courts have held trial courts abuse this discretion if they fail to take account of the adverse impact substantial cost shifts visit on the average citizen who is trying to use the courts. Similarly, section 998 confers discretion on trial courts in deciding whether and how much of expert witness fees and pre-offer costs an unsuccessful litigant must pay. That section provides: "[T]he court, in its discretion, may require the plaintiff to pay the defendant's costs from the date of filing of the complaint and a reasonable sum to cover costs of the services of expert witnesses, ․ actually incurred and reasonably necessary in either, or both, the preparation or trial of the case․" (§ 998(c), italics added.)
The bulk of the costs the trial court shifted to appellant in this case consisted of expert witness fees.6 Under the terms of 998, the trial court had discretion to refuse to shift these fees at all. Moreover, since the amount shifted for this purpose is to be "a reasonable sum" the trial court also had discretion to reduce this element of the cost award to a sum below what respondents reasonably paid for expert witness services. Construing comparable laws, Norton, Solorzano, and McDonald held it was proper, indeed essential, that trial courts in exercising their discretion determine how the proposed cost shifting would affect the litigant who would be paying those costs not just whether the costs were otherwise reasonable in amount.
What this court said in 1986 about Civil Code section 4370.5 applies with equal force to section 998. "Nothing in the language of section 4370.5 [nor of section 998] suggests it is designed to encourage unfair settlements or inappropriately timid litigation behavior. Indeed it is entirely consistent with [either of these code sections] for trial courts to take account of the comparative wealth of the competing litigants and the effect of wealth disparities on litigation behavior when they fashion any fee and cost awards they may impose pursuant to [these sections]. What is a reasonable award for one party ․ may be unreasonable if imposed on the other. For, unless trial courts 'scale' any such awards to the comparative wealth of the parties they may discourage the economically weaker party from filing actions she or he should and from pursuing those actions with the vigor they deserve." (In re Marriage of Norton, supra, 206 Cal.App.3d 53, 60, 253 Cal.Rptr. 354.) 7
Since section 998 so clearly allows trial courts discretion to take account of these considerations implicating fairness and litigation behavior when deciding cost shifting awards, I find it unnecessary to discuss a statute not now before us, one which mandated substantial cost shifting against unsuccessful litigants. Suffice it to say, in my view such a law would raise grave constitutional issues. For reasons discussed above and at greater length in Covenant Mutual, supra, and Norton, supra, there is great danger such a provision would deny the average citizen the access to the courts which due process and equal protection of the laws guarantee. It would make California's regular civil courts the exclusive province of litigants with the resources to play a high stakes game of litigation poker.
There is another reason we should be especially careful to ensure cost shifting under section 998 is not permitted in amounts which might discourage plaintiffs from filing and vigorously pursuing litigation of the type involved in this case. Appellant and his fellow plaintiffs brought this case under civil rights statutes designed to enforce government policies against age discrimination. Allowing section 998 cost shifting in amounts which distort settlement incentives is counterproductive to the governmental purpose of encouraging what typically are modest income individuals to pursue private relief under these laws. By sanctioning such cost shifting, courts discourage those same modest income individuals from seeking relief and thereby from enforcing those important public policies against discrimination.
To sum up, I would reverse this cost shifting award outright based on the fact it was the product of a conditional section 998 offer which required or appeared to require the acquiescence of all three plaintiffs. But assuming the section 998 offer were proper, I would reverse and remand for a determination whether the amount of that award was proper. I would instruct the trial court to reconsider that question in light of its impact on litigation between average Californians of modest income and economically powerful institutions or individuals.
1. Unless otherwise stated, all statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
2. The issues regarding damages were bifurcated. The issue of plaintiffs' "past economic damages" (lost compensation and benefits up to the time of trial), if any, was submitted to the jury. The issue of whether a plaintiff could also recover projected "future economic losses" was reserved for decision by the court.
3. This contention by Santantonio necessarily involves only the costs awarded for "expert fees" claimed in item 7(c) of defendants' memorandum of costs. Costs were also awarded against Santantonio under items 1(a) and (b), 3, 7(a) and 10 of defendants' memorandum in the aggregate amount of $7,471.74. Those costs are allowable under section 1033.5 irrespective of whether defendants' section 998 offer was valid.
4. It is reasonable to assume that Santantonio has apparently misunderstood the meaning of the words "unity of interest" used in some of the authorities cited herein. It does not mean that there must be a "unity of interest" between a parent corporation and a subsidiary corporation in an alter ego sense. Nor does it mean that the claimed basis for joint and several liability must be sustained or conceded to support the validity of a defendants' joint offer. Rather, it simply means what was being discussed in Brown, i.e., that the defendants were sued on a theory of joint and several liability. Here, it was claimed that Westinghouse Electric and WBC were, in essence, joint employers of the plaintiffs. It would be a strained result to hold that defendants' joint 998 offer was rendered invalid simply because plaintiffs failed to sustain their claim that Westinghouse Electric was in fact an employer.
5. We find unpersuasive Santantonio's contention that he should not have to pay $3,345.76, or one-third of the cost of the experts' exhibits, because they were "merely illustrative and of little value." The trial judge was in the best position to judge their value. The costs are recoverable under Balfour,Guthrie&Co.v.GourmetFarms,supra, 108Cal.App.3d181,192,166Cal.Rptr.422.
6. We note the inconsistency of the argument with the position taken by his trial counsel in plaintiffs' motion to tax costs. When trial counsel filed his moving papers concluding that defendants were seeking to recover two-thirds of their recoverable costs from Santantonio, he argued that Santantonio should only have to bear 50 percent of any costs awarded under section 998 and one-third of any costs awarded under section 1033.5. In fact, however, defendants' memorandum in opposition to plaintiffs' motion to tax costs asked that only one-third of all of the claimed costs be awarded against Santantonio.
7. In reading the dissent, paragraph II gives us considerable concern. Section 998 already permits the trial court, via exercise of discretion, to consider a party's ability to pay costs. No matter how well intended, to judicially graft such a requirement on the statute itself, goes beyond mere statutory interpretation and improperly invades the province of the legislature.
1. All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise indicated.
2. In Covenant Mutual v. Young (1986) 179 Cal.App.3d 318, 326–328, 225 Cal.Rptr. 861, this court discussed some of these economic incentives in a different context, a one way fee-shifting statute. The basic principles, however, remain the same. The average individual considering litigation or involved in litigation is "risk aversive," indeed cannot afford to be anything else. Institutional litigants and other "repeat players," on the other hand, can afford to be "risk neutral" and indeed against individuals often can adopt a "risk preference" strategy. This means the average individual, when confronted with a litigation choice which carries a risk that costs will be shifted should that individual lose, will accept an unreasonably unfavorable offer in order to avoid that risk.Even if the "expected value" (damages sought X probability of obtaining those damages) of a case is $200,000 or more individual litigants might well feel compelled to accept an offer of $100,000 or less just because they are risk averse and unwilling and unable to accept the risk of having to pay $100,000 in expert witness fees to the other side if they lose. Indeed for many individuals of modest means the risk they might be required to pay the other side $100,000 in costs should they lose will dissuade them from filing a case in the first place. As one economic analyst observed, "given risk aversion and the diminishing marginal utility of income and wealth, the threat of having to pay the other side's fees can loom so large in the mind of a person without considerable disposable assets that it deters the pursuit of even a fairly promising and substantial claim or defense." (Rowe, Predicting the Effects of Attorney Fee Shifting (1984) 47 Law & Contemp.Probs. 139, 153.)Even if they do embark on the litigation modest income litigants may well feel compelled to drop the case when that cost-shifting possibility appears during the course of the proceedings. Lacking the resources to absorb this kind of financial burden, they would feel compelled to accept a nominal sum, or nothing. It is as if in the final hand of a poker game with everything in the pot the "house" suddenly raises the ante to an amount most players can't afford. No one would regard that as fair. In the world of litigation, it is not only unfair. It leads to unjust and economically unjustified settlements.
3. Subsequent to our decision in Norton, the Legislature amended Civil Code section 4370.5 to include express language requiring courts to ascertain the parties' respective means before setting the direction and amount of any fee shifting under that code section.
4. Notably, the McDonald court held it was unfair to impose costs of a few hundred or at most a few thousand dollars on modest income litigants. In the instant case, we are considering the effect of imposing $100,000 or more in costs on this same class of litigants. Obviously, the concerns which led the McDonald court to prohibit discovery references when modest income litigants are involved, apply with much greater force to massive cost shifting awards granted pursuant to section 998.
5. There is empirical support for this proposition in a study of the English version of California's section 998 procedure, which in that country is called the "payment into court" system. As is true under section 998, a plaintiff must obtain a judgment more favorable than the defendant's statutory offer or suffer the consequence. In England, however, that means paying the defendant's reasonable legal fees as well as costs. The study revealed that out of a sample of 664 personal injury cases studied in four cities, 41 percent involved a payment into court. In fully 90 percent of those cases the plaintiff accepted the "payment in" money the defendant tendered. In virtually all the remaining 10 percent, however, the cases where plaintiffs had the courage to refuse the "payment in" and went to trial, they received damages larger than the amount paid in. This led the author of the study to conclude many of those who had accepted the "payment in" also would have won more at trial than the figure they settled for, but decided against trial because they could not afford to risk the possibility of having to pay the defendant's fees and costs. (Zander (June 25, 1975) Costs of Litigation—A Study of the Queen's Bench Division, Law Society's Gazette 680; Zander, Is the English Payment–Into–Court Rule Worth Copying? (1976) 40 Rabels Zeitschrift 750.) This study is discussed in Cappelletti and Garth (ed.) Access to Justice: Emerging Issues and Perspectives (1979) pages 44–46, 54–56.
6. Since I consider the two alternative grounds argued in this dissent more than sufficient to justify reversal of this cost award, I do not discuss yet a further reason for reducing the expert witness component of the award. A substantial percentage of that award represents payments to nonexperts who compiled and analyzed data respondents' experts used in preparing and giving their testimony. It is not at all clear to me these payments to nonexperts fall within the statutory definition of "costs of the services of expert witnesses" entitled to recompense under section 998.
7. In footnote 7 of the majority opinion, it is conceded the trial court had discretion "to consider a party's ability to pay costs." This footnote, however, then suggests it somehow is beyond the role of the appellate judiciary to require trial courts to consider this factor when exercising their discretion to set the amount of cost awards under section 998. If so, this court exceeded its role in Norton as did the courts which decided Solorzano and McDonald. As discussed above, in all three of these cases the appellate courts imposed a requirement trial courts consider this factor when exercising their discretion, even though it was not explicitly mentioned in the statutes at issue in those cases. I suspect there are literally thousands of appellate opinions, some of them written by my Division Seven colleagues, spelling out factors which trial courts are expected to consider when exercising their discretion under various statutes, even though those factors are not mentioned explicitly in the statutes themselves. Indeed this is one of the primary functions of the appellate courts.
FRED WOODS, Associate Justice.
LILLIE, P.J., concurs. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: Filtering nested arrays and selecting specific properties using az cli JMESPath I am trying to query a response from the following az command:
az provider operation show --namespace Microsoft.KeyVault
I want to query all operations that relate to secrets to be able to build a custom role for a RBAC enabled key vault. This is a short excerpt from the entire response:
{
"displayName": "Microsoft Key Vault",
"id": "/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/providerOperations/Microsoft.KeyVault",
"name": "Microsoft.KeyVault",
"operations": [
{
"description": "Registers a subscription",
"displayName": "Register Subscription",
"isDataAction": false,
"name": "Microsoft.KeyVault/register/action",
"origin": null,
"properties": null
},
{
"description": "Unregisters a subscription",
"displayName": "Unregister Subscription",
"isDataAction": false,
"name": "Microsoft.KeyVault/unregister/action",
"origin": null,
"properties": null
}
],
"resourceTypes": [
{
"displayName": "Secret",
"name": "vaults/secrets",
"operations": [
{
"description": "View the properties of a secret, but not its value.",
"displayName": "Read Secret Properties",
"isDataAction": false,
"name": "Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets/read",
"origin": null,
"properties": null
},
{
"description": "Creates a new secret or updates the value of an existing secret.",
"displayName": "Write Secret",
"isDataAction": false,
"name": "Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets/write",
"origin": null,
"properties": null
}
]
}
],
"type": "Microsoft.Authorization/providerOperations"
}
I would like to extract the description as well as the name from the object in the array resourceTypes where resourceTypes.name=="vaults/secrets".
I am trying to build this gradually, but I am stuck on even filtering out this object. This is where I'm at, and I've derived this from the JMESPath documentation on filtering arrays:
az provider operation show --namespace Microsoft.KeyVault --query "[?resourceTypes.name=='vaults/secrets']"
This is just empty however.
The end result I am after is a tabular output with the description and name from each operation within the operations array.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
A: The issue in your current query is that doing [] would assume you address an array at the root of your JSON, when what you have at the root of your JSON is a map:
{
"resourceTypes": [
{
"name": "vaults/secrets",
}
]
}
So, the beginning of the query to address your JSON should rather be
resourceTypes[?name == 'vaults/secrets']
While your query would work on a JSON looking like:
[
{
"resourceTypes": {
"name": "vaults/secrets",
}
}
]
From there on, you need to query the operations array, so operations[] and do a multiselect hash to trim down the map to the fields you are looking for.
We end with the query:
resourceTypes[?name == 'vaults/secrets']
.operations[]
.{
description: description,
name: name
}
And, lastly, to format it in table, you can use the table output format of the Azure client.
We end up with the line:
az provider operation show \
--namespace Microsoft.KeyVault \
--query "resourceTypes[?name == 'vaults/secrets']
.operations[]
.{
description: description,
name: name
}" \
--out table
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
If you would like to place your name on our waiting list, please provide the below information.
We will contact you when we have an opening.
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Michael Hugh Sketch, MD
Professor of Medicine
Campus mail 7402 Hosp North, Durham, NC 27710
Email address sketc002@mc.duke.edu
My current research interests are focused in the area of diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization. In the arena of diagnostic cardiac catheterization, I am currently evaluating the role of Prostaglandin E1 in the prevention of contrast induced renal dysfunction. In the arena of interventional cardiac catheterization, I have been actively involved in both the development and subsequent determination of potential niches for new interventional technologies in the management of coronary artery disease. These interventional technologies include balloon angioplasty, the perfusion balloon catheter, transluminal extraction catheter, and several intracoronary stents.
Fellow in Cardiology, Medicine, Duke University, 1987 - 1990
Medical Resident, Medicine, Ohio State University, 1985 - 1987
M.D., Creighton University, 1984
Halabi, Abdul R., Michael H. Sketch, James E. Tcheng, Punit Goel, Kul Aggarwal, David Ramsdale, Shahid Aziz, Rajbir S. Sangha, and Peter Y. M. Hui. "Which is the true channel?." J Invasive Cardiol 16, no. 12 (December 2004): 716–18.
Halabi, Abdul R., Michael H. Sketch, and James P. Zidar. "The bifurcation stent.." J Invasive Cardiol 16, no. 8 (August 2004): 436–38.
Fuster, Valentin, John W. Hirshfeld, Alan S. Brown, Bruce H. Brundage, W Bruce Fye, Richard P. Lewis, Ira S. Nash, Michael H. Sketch, and George W. Vetrovec. "Working group 8: Defining the different types of cardiovascular specialists and developing a new model for training general clinical cardiologists.." J Am Coll Cardiol 44, no. 2 (July 21, 2004): 267–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.027.
Waters, Richard E., Kanwar P. Singh, Matthew T. Roe, Mat Lotfi, Michael H. Sketch, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, L Kristin Newby, et al. "Rationale and strategies for implementing community-based transfer protocols for primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.." J Am Coll Cardiol 43, no. 12 (June 16, 2004): 2153–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.057.
Konstance, Richard, James E. Tcheng, Marilyn B. Wightman, Larry P. Kelly, Annette Moore, J Kevin Harrison, and Michael H. Sketch. "Incidence and predictors of major vascular complications after percutaneous coronary intervention in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet inhibitor era.." J Interv Cardiol 17, no. 2 (April 2004): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.00295.x.
Berger, Peter B., Michael H. Sketch, and Robert M. Califf. "Choosing between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with multivessel disease: what can we learn from the Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS)?." Circulation 109, no. 9 (March 9, 2004): 1079–81. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000121313.22131.41.
Kong, David F., Eric L. Eisenstein, Michael H. Sketch, James P. Zidar, Thomas J. Ryan, Robert A. Harrington, Mark F. Newman, Peter K. Smith, Daniel B. Mark, and Robert M. Califf. "Economic impact of drug-eluting stents on hospital systems: a disease-state model.." Am Heart J 147, no. 3 (March 2004): 449–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.005.
Mehta, Rajendra H., and Michael H. Sketch. "Percutaneous coronary revascularization in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: importance and feasibility.." J Invasive Cardiol 16, no. 3 (March 2004): 107–8.
Klem, Igor, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Sherrie Spear, Michael H. Sketch, Michele A. Parker, Michael Elliott, et al. "1169-152 Clinical evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease using a multimodality stress magnetic resonance imaging protocol." In Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43:A365–A365. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(04)91546-x.
Krasuski, Richard A., Thomas M. Bashore, and Michael H. Sketch. ""It's hard to make predictions, especially about the future".." Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 61, no. 3 (March 2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.10787.
Learn how to manage online faculty profiles and keep information up-to-date.
See checklist | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
package duckdns
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/go-acme/lego/v3/challenge/dns01"
"github.com/go-acme/lego/v3/platform/config/env"
)
// Config is used to configure the creation of the DNSProvider
type Config struct {
Token string
PropagationTimeout time.Duration
PollingInterval time.Duration
SequenceInterval time.Duration
HTTPClient *http.Client
}
// NewDefaultConfig returns a default configuration for the DNSProvider
func NewDefaultConfig() *Config {
return &Config{
PropagationTimeout: env.GetOrDefaultSecond("DUCKDNS_PROPAGATION_TIMEOUT", dns01.DefaultPropagationTimeout),
PollingInterval: env.GetOrDefaultSecond("DUCKDNS_POLLING_INTERVAL", dns01.DefaultPollingInterval),
SequenceInterval: env.GetOrDefaultSecond("DUCKDNS_SEQUENCE_INTERVAL", dns01.DefaultPropagationTimeout),
HTTPClient: &http.Client{
Timeout: env.GetOrDefaultSecond("DUCKDNS_HTTP_TIMEOUT", 30*time.Second),
},
}
}
// DNSProvider adds and removes the record for the DNS challenge
type DNSProvider struct {
config *Config
}
// NewDNSProvider returns a new DNS provider using
// environment variable DUCKDNS_TOKEN for adding and removing the DNS record.
func NewDNSProvider() (*DNSProvider, error) {
values, err := env.Get("DUCKDNS_TOKEN")
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("duckdns: %v", err)
}
config := NewDefaultConfig()
config.Token = values["DUCKDNS_TOKEN"]
return NewDNSProviderConfig(config)
}
// NewDNSProviderConfig return a DNSProvider instance configured for DuckDNS.
func NewDNSProviderConfig(config *Config) (*DNSProvider, error) {
if config == nil {
return nil, errors.New("duckdns: the configuration of the DNS provider is nil")
}
if config.Token == "" {
return nil, errors.New("duckdns: credentials missing")
}
return &DNSProvider{config: config}, nil
}
// Present creates a TXT record to fulfill the dns-01 challenge.
func (d *DNSProvider) Present(domain, token, keyAuth string) error {
_, txtRecord := dns01.GetRecord(domain, keyAuth)
return d.updateTxtRecord(domain, d.config.Token, txtRecord, false)
}
// CleanUp clears DuckDNS TXT record
func (d *DNSProvider) CleanUp(domain, token, keyAuth string) error {
return d.updateTxtRecord(domain, d.config.Token, "", true)
}
// Timeout returns the timeout and interval to use when checking for DNS propagation.
// Adjusting here to cope with spikes in propagation times.
func (d *DNSProvider) Timeout() (timeout, interval time.Duration) {
return d.config.PropagationTimeout, d.config.PollingInterval
}
// Sequential All DNS challenges for this provider will be resolved sequentially.
// Returns the interval between each iteration.
func (d *DNSProvider) Sequential() time.Duration {
return d.config.SequenceInterval
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Q: How to add a check constraint in django model that a field value startwith letter 'c' or 'e' or 'a' How to add a check constraint in django model that a field value startwith letter 'c' or 'e' or 'a'
like the bellow SQL check constraint
CREATE TABLE Account (
account_no varchar(12),
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int,
City varchar(255),
CONSTRAINT CHK_Person CHECK (SUBSTR(account_no,1,1) = 'c' OR SUBSTR(account_no,1,1) = 'e' OR SUBSTR(account_no,1,1) = 'a' )
);
i try with meta class of model. but i don't know how to specify the or case
class Meta:
constraints = [
CheckConstraint(
check = Q(account_no___startswith=F('')),
name = 'check_start_wtih',
),
]
A: class Meta:
constraints = [
CheckConstraint(
check = Q(account_no___startswith='c') | Q(account_no___startswith='e') | Q(account_no___startswith='a'),
name = 'check_start_wtih_cea',
),
]
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Burlington man convicted of killing girlfriend
Christopher Piantedosi convicted in death of Kristen Pulisciano
Court justice law legal
A jury has rejected an insanity defense and convicted a Burlington man of killing his longtime girlfriend in her home, a slaying witnessed by a friend of the woman's teenage daughter who was video chatting with the girl.Christopher Piantedosi was convicted Monday of first-degree murder for the May 2012 stabbing death of Kristen Pulisciano.Prosecutors say the 40-year-old Piantedosi stabbed Pulisciano more than 30 times because he was angry she wanted to end their relationship.Authorities say minutes after the stabbing, Piantedosi texted a friend with what he had done. He then threw away his bloody clothes and changed into clean clothes, which prosecutors say showed he was fully aware of his actions.The defense said Piantedosi has a history of mental illness and was under the influence of prescription drugs.
WOBURN, Mass. —
A jury has rejected an insanity defense and convicted a Burlington man of killing his longtime girlfriend in her home, a slaying witnessed by a friend of the woman's teenage daughter who was video chatting with the girl.
Christopher Piantedosi was convicted Monday of first-degree murder for the May 2012 stabbing death of Kristen Pulisciano.
Prosecutors say the 40-year-old Piantedosi stabbed Pulisciano more than 30 times because he was angry she wanted to end their relationship.
Authorities say minutes after the stabbing, Piantedosi texted a friend with what he had done. He then threw away his bloody clothes and changed into clean clothes, which prosecutors say showed he was fully aware of his actions.
The defense said Piantedosi has a history of mental illness and was under the influence of prescription drugs. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Phage typing or CRISPR typing for epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella Typhimurium?
Manal Mohammed1
Salmonella Typhimurium is the most dominant Salmonella serovar around the world. It is associated with foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks but has recently been associated with invasive illness and deaths. Characterization of S. Typhimurium is therefore very crucial for epidemiological surveillance. Phage typing has been used for decades for subtyping of S. Typhimurium to determine the epidemiological relation among isolates. Recent studies however have suggested that high throughput clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) typing has the potential to replace phage typing. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of high-throughput CRISPR typing over conventional phage typing in epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium.
In silico analysis of whole genome sequences (WGS) of well-documented phage types of S. Typhimurium reveals the presence of different CRISPR type among strains belong to the same phage type. Furthermore, different phage types of S. Typhimurium share identical CRISPR type. Interestingly, identical spacers were detected among outbreak and non-outbreak associated DT8 strains of S. Typhimurium. Therefore, CRISPR typing is not useful for the epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium and phage typing, until it is replaced by WGS, is still the gold standard method for epidemiological surveillance of S. Typhimurium.
Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne disease worldwide. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans through consumption of contaminated food. Worldwide, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for most human infection of NTS and has been associated with foodborne outbreaks in developing and developed countries resulting in high morbidity and mortality [1]. Furthermore, the recent emergence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium variant of a distinct Sequence Type ST313 in sub-Saharan Africa represents a major public health concern as it is associated with invasive illness and deaths [2]. An efficient laboratory system for epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of Salmonella Typhimurium is therefore very crucial.
Phage typing system is a phenotypical method that has been used for decades for subtyping of S. Typhimurium to determine the epidemiological relation among isolates [3]. Phage typing is a rapid and low cost approach for the epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium. The system distinguishes more than 300 definitive phage types (DT) of S. Typhimurium based on their patterns of lysis to a unique collection of Salmonella phages but it has shown some limitations including the maintenance of typing phages by the reference laboratory and the updating of the system furthermore it depends entirely on the experience of the individual laboratory for interpretation of the results [4].
Recent studies have suggested that high throughput clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) typing and the microbead-based CRISPOL assay have the potential to replace traditional bacterial typing and subtyping systems including phage typing [5, 6]. CRISPRs consist of direct repeats (DRs) separated by variable spacer sequences that are derived from foreign phages or plasmids [7] while CRISPOL is a bead-based liquid hybridization assay for CRISPR polymorphism [5].
A recent study reported identical CRISPRs between two different phage types of S. Typhimurium; DT8 and DT30 [8] which reveals the limitations of CRISPR typing for epidemiological surveillance of S. Typhimurium.
This study aimed to analyze the CRISPR/CRISPOL type of well-documented phage types of S. Typhimurium in order to determine the efficacy of high-throughput CRISPR and CRISPOL typing over conventional phage typing in epidemiological surveillance of S. Typhimurium.
Whole genome sequence of different phage types of S. Typhimurium
The whole genome sequence of well-documented phage types of S. Typhimurium (Tables 1, 2) were obtained from Enterobase (https://enterobase.warwick.ac.uk/). Furthermore, a set of different phage types of S. Typhimurium that are used as control in Anderson phage typing scheme (Tables 1, 2) were selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer's instructions and submitted for WGS using an Illumina MiSeq on 250 bp paired-end (PE) libraries. The quality of PE data was evaluated using FastQC toolkit (http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/). Adapter sequences were removed using ea-utils package (https://expressionanalysis.github.io/ea-utils/). PE reads for each isolate were de novo assembled using velvet [9]. The best assembly with the highest N50 value was obtained. Raw sequence data of control phage types of S. Typhimurium have been submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under study Accession No.: PRJEB18673 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB18673) and also available via Enterobase (https://enterobase.warwick.ac.uk/).
Table 1 Salmonella Typhimurium strains belonging to the same phage type show different CRISPR/CRISPOL type
Table 2 Salmonella Typhimurium strains belonging to different phage types show identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type
In silico CRISPR and CRISPOL analysis
PE reads of different phage types of S. Typhimurium were also assembled using Enterobase (https://enterobase.warwick.ac.uk/) where CRISPRs and CRISPOL were called directly from the raw reads rather than the assembly.
Enterobase was used to determine the CRISPR type and CRISPOL type of all phage types of S. Typhimurium. In Enterobase, each phage type of S. Typhimurium was assigned unique accession number (Tables 1, 2).
Previously, sequenced CRISPR loci of different phage types of S. Typhimurium using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [5] were also included in this study (Table 3).
Table 3 CRISPOL type among different phage types of S. Typhimurium
PE reads of S. Typhimurium phage type DT8 associated with a foodborne outbreak in the summer of 2013 in the States of Jersey [10] were downloaded from ENA; study Accession Number PRJNA248792 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJNA248792) and assembled by Enterobase. CRISPR and CRISPOL types were determined for all outbreak strains using Enterobase (Additional file 1: Table S1).
Spacers sequence within the assembled genomes of outbreak and non-outbreak associated DT8 strains were also characterized using CRISPRFinder (http://crispr.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr/Server/) (Additional file 1: Table S1).
In silico analysis of genome sequences of control and well documented phage types of S. Typhimurium revealed two CRISPR loci, CRISPR-1 and CRISPR-2, within all phage types of S. Typhimurium. Although DRs are almost identical among all phage types of S. Typhimurium spacers sequences within the CRISPR loci are not unique to the phage type as strains belong to the same phage type have different spacers and subsequently different CRISPR/CRISPOL type (Table 1) furthermore, different phage types have identical spacers and same CRISPR/CRISPOL type (Table 2).
Different CRISPR/CRISPOL type within the same phage type of S. Typhimurium
In Table 1, three strains of S. Typhimurium that belong to phage type DT1 including strains DT1, TM 68-619 and TM 65-111 have different spacers and subsequently show different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 8579/430, 2536/54 and 7387/90 respectively. Two strains belong to phage type DT10 have different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; MS34 (9509/1629) and S81-784 (9913/1688). Two strains belong to phage type DT15a have different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 9517/1634 in isolate MS41 and 9916/1756 in isolate S81-798. Moreover, three strains belong to DT41 have different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 9513/1630 in isolate M11-2004, 7434/223 in isolate CQ 41 and 9929/1766 in isolate S02-0321.
Identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type within different phage types of S. Typhimurium
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT8 and DT30
Identical spacers were detected among different phage types of S. Typhimurium. For example, three strains of DT8 including M12-2001, M15-2006 and MS32 have the same CRISPR/CRISPOL type (812/250) as a strain belongs to phage type DT30 (MS57). Moreover, different strains belong to phage type DT8 have different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; M18-2003 (1069/6) and MS150057 (2260/708) (Table 2).
Interestingly, S. Typhimurium DT8 strains associated with the foodborne outbreak in the summer of 2013 in the States of Jersey [10] showed identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type (1069/6) however, the same CRISPR/CRISPOL type were reported in other DT8 strains that do not belong to the outbreak as confirmed by WGS [10]. Identical spacers were detected among outbreak associated and non-outbreak associated DT8 strains (Additional file 1: Table S1).
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT104, DT104b and U302
Variations in the CRISPR/CRISPOL type among strains of the same phage type such as DT104 and DT104b have been also noticed (Table 2). Although three strains of S. Typhimurium phage type DT104 including TM75-339, MS150098 and MS150095, have identical spacer sequences and CRISPR/CRISPOL type (12/21) the same CRISPR/CRISPOL type is present in different phage types including U302 (M18-2006; 12/21) and DT104b (MS130531; 12/21).
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT40, DT56, DT99 and U319
Strains of S. Typhimurium belong to different phage types such as DT99, DT56, U319 and DT40 (S05-2864) have identical spacer sequences and identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type (7433/14). Moreover, several strains belong to phage type DT40 including S05-2864, M20-2006, M19-2003 and CQ 40 have different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 7433/14, 9520/1637, 9519/1636 and 745/18 respectively (Table 2).
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT7a, DT20a, DT120, DT193 and untypable strains
In Table 2, strains of S. Typhimurium belong to phage type DT120 have different spacers and subsequently different CRISPR/CRISPOL type including S02-3776 (9921/1759), 07_2198 (9911/1753), M16-2000 (9510/1428), and S/20160374 (322/1).
Interestingly, a strains of phage type DT120 (M16-2000) has identical spacers and CRISPR/CRISPOL type (9510/1428) as another strain belongs to phage type DT7a (MS120840). Moreover, some strains belong to phage types DT120 (S/20160374 and S/20160407), DT20a (MS150110), DT193 (MS150007) and untypable strain (MS150097) have identical spacers and therefore share the same CRISPR/CRISPOL type (322/1). Different strains belong to phage type DT193 have different spacers and CRISPR/CRISPOL type; MS150007 (322/1) and MS150252 (317/2).
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT3, DT12 and DT193a
Some strains of phage types DT12 (DT12) and DT3 (S81-482) have identical spacers and identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 5268/19. Moreover, a strain belongs to DT12 (S02-2651) has identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type, 774/46, as a strain belongs to phage type DT193a (MS120454) (Table 2).
CRISPR/CRISPOL type among phage types DT135, DT191a and RDNC
Identical spacer sequences and CRISPR/CRISPOL type (91/4) were detected in different phage types of S. Typhimurium including DT135 (MS150112 and MS150180), DT191a (DT19a) and strains that react with phages but do not confirm to recognized pattern (RDNC) (MS150102 and MS150230). Furthermore, other strains belong to phage type DT135 show different spacers and subsequently different CRISPR/CRISPOL type; 5753/396 in DT135 and 3247/66 in MS150100 (Table 2).
CRISPOL assay confirms the no relation among phage type and CRISPRs
CRISPOL assay developed by Fabre et al. [5] when carried out on representative phage types of S. Typhimurium it reveals that there is no relation among the phage type and the CRISPOL type as strains belong to the same phage type have different CRISPOL type as seen in DT104 strains (Table 3). On the other hand, different phage types including DT7, DT193, U311, DT41 showed identical CRISPOL type as '1' (Table 3).
Salmonella Typhimurium is the most dominant Salmonella serovar around the world and has been associated with foodborne outbreaks in both developing and high-income countries [1, 11] and infection can result in bacteraemia and invasive disease [12, 13]. Epidemiological characterization of S. Typhimurium is therefore very crucial for the surveillance and outbreak investigation.
Phage typing system [3] has been a very useful phenotypical, definitive method for epidemiological characterization of S. Typhimurium and identification of the source of infection [14,15,16,17]. Although it has been suggested that the high throughput CRISPR typing and subtyping have the potential to replace traditional phage typing [5] this study demonstrates that It is impossible for CRISPR typing and CRISPOl assay to replace phage typing for epidemiological characterization of S. Typhimurium as there is no correlation between the phage type and the CRISPR/CRISPOL type.
Interestingly, S. Typhimurium DT8 strains associated with the foodborne outbreak in the summer of 2013 in the States of Jersey [10] showed identical CRISPR/CRISPOL type however, the same CRISPR/CRISPOL type were reported in other DT8 strains that do not belong to the outbreak as confirmed by WGS [10]. Detection of identical spacers among outbreak associated and non-outbreak associated DT8 strains reveals the limitation of CRISPR typing and subtyping in investigation of outbreaks.
The MDR DT104 strain of S. Typhimurium has been associated with foodborne outbreaks all over the world and phage typing was very successful in epidemiological characterization of the outbreak and identification of the source [18,19,20] however in this study strains belong to DT104 showed different spacers and subsequently different CRISPR/CRISPOL type therefore CRISPR typing and CRISPOL assay cannot be used in public health laboratories to determine the epidemiological relation among S. Typhimurium isolates.
The presence of CRISPR/CRISPOL type within the same phage type and the presence of identical spacers among different phage types of S. Typhimurium confirms the limitations of CRISPR typing and subtyping for the epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium.
There is no doubt that rapid WGS will shape the future of diagnostic microbiology as it has the potential to replace the routine typing and subtyping methods including Anderson phage typing system for the surveillance of outbreaks caused by different Salmonella serovars in real-time [10, 21, 22]. However, in the meantime, traditional phage typing scheme of S. Typhimurium remains the gold standard method for subtyping of S. Typhimurium for laboratory surveillance and outbreak investigation despite its technical limitations. Furthermore, it represents an ideal model for studying the complex dynamics of phage-host interaction [8].
In conclusion, high throughput CRISPR/CRISPOL typing might be useful for the discrimination among different Salmonella serovars however it is not useful for the epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium and phage typing, until it is replaced by WGS, is still the gold standard method for epidemiological surveillance of S. Typhimurium.
More outbreaks of S. Typhimurium caused by phage types other than DT8 can be included to confirm the unsuitability of CRISPR typing in epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation of S. Typhimurium.
clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats
phage type
MDR:
multidrug resistant
NSSLRL:
National Salmonella Shigella Listeria Reference Laboratory
NTS:
nontyphoidal salmonella
PE:
paired end
polymerase chain reaction
RDNC:
strains that react with phages but do not confirm to recognized pattern
SSSCDRL:
Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory
S. Typhimurium:
Salmonella Typhimurium
WGS:
Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O'Brien SJ, Jones TF, Fazil A, Hoekstra RM. International collaboration on enteric disease "burden of illness" S: the global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(6):882–9.
Okoro CK, Kingsley RA, Connor TR, Harris SR, Parry CM, Al-Mashhadani MN, Kariuki S, Msefula CL, Gordon MA, de Pinna E, et al. Intracontinental spread of human invasive Salmonella typhimurium pathovariants in sub-Saharan Africa. Nat Genet. 2012;44(11):1215–21.
Anderson ES, Ward LR, Saxe MJ, de Sa JD. Bacteriophage-typing designations of Salmonella typhimurium. J Hyg (Lond). 1977;78(2):297–300.
Baggesen DL, Sorensen G, Nielsen EM, Wegener HC. Phage typing of Salmonella typhimurium—is it still a useful tool for surveillance and outbreak investigation? Euro surveillance: bulletin European sur les maladies transmissibles. Eur Commun Dis Bull. 2010;15(4):19471.
Fabre L, Zhang J, Guigon G, Le Hello S, Guibert V, Accou-Demartin M, de Romans S, Lim C, Roux C, Passet V, et al. CRISPR typing and subtyping for improved laboratory surveillance of Salmonella infections. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e36995.
Shariat N, Dudley EG. CRISPRs: molecular signatures used for pathogen subtyping. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(2):430–9.
Jansen R, Embden JD, Gaastra W, Schouls LM. Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes. Mol Microbiol. 2002;43(6):1565–75.
Mohammed M, Cormican M. Whole genome sequencing provides possible explanations for the difference in phage susceptibility among two Salmonella typhimurium phage types (DT8 and DT30) associated with a single foodborne outbreak. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:728.
Zerbino DR, Birney E. Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs. Genome Res. 2008;18(5):821–9.
Ashton PM, Nair S, Peters TM, Bale JA, Powell DG, Painset A, Tewolde R, Schaefer U, Jenkins C, Dallman TJ, et al. Identification of Salmonella for public health surveillance using whole genome sequencing. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1752.
Galanis E, Lo Fo Wong DM, Patrick ME, Binsztein N, Cieslik A, Chalermchikit T, Aidara-Kane A, Ellis A, Angulo FJ, Wegener HC, et al. Web-based surveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000–2002. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(3):381–8.
Ao TT, Feasey NA, Gordon MA, Keddy KH, Angulo FJ, Crump JA. Global burden of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(6):941.
Tapia MD, Tennant SM, Bornstein K, Onwuchekwa U, Tamboura B, Maiga A, Sylla MB, Sissoko S, Kourouma N, Toure A, et al. Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infections among children in Mali, 2002–2014: microbiological and epidemiologic features guide vaccine development. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 4):S332–8.
Fielding JE, Snell P, Milazzo A, Del Fabbro L, Raupach J. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 4 linked to cold set cheesecake. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2003;27(4):513–4.
Tribe IG, Tsimogiannis H, Mmolawa P, Davos D. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 29 linked to a noodle restaurant in South Australia. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2001;25(2):72.
Moffatt CR, Combs BG, Mwanri L, Holland R, Delroy B, Cameron S, Givney RC. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 64 gastroenteritis linked to catered luncheons in Adelaide, South Australia, June 2005. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2006;30(4):443–8.
Boxall NS, Adak GK. E DEP, Gillespie IA: a Salmonella typhimurium phage type (PT) U320 outbreak in England, 2008: continuation of a trend involving ready-to-eat products. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139(12):1936–44.
Molbak K, Baggesen DL, Aarestrup FM, Ebbesen JM, Engberg J, Frydendahl K, Gerner-Smidt P, Petersen AM, Wegener HC. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(19):1420–5.
Cody SH, Abbott SL, Marfin AA, Schulz B, Wagner P, Robbins K, Mohle-Boetani JC, Vugia DJ. Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in northern California. JAMA. 1999;281(19):1805–10.
Dechet AM, Scallan E, Gensheimer K, Hoekstra R, Gunderman-King J, Lockett J, Wrigley D, Chege W, Sobel J, Multistate Working G. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 infection linked to commercial ground beef, northeastern United States, 2003–2004. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(6):747–52.
Mohammed M, Delappe N, O'Connor J, McKeown P, Garvey P, Cormican M. Whole genome sequencing provides an unambiguous link between Salmonella Dublin outbreak strain and a historical isolate. Epidemiol Infect 2016;144(3):576–81.
Wuyts V, Denayer S, Roosens NH, Mattheus W, Bertrand S, Marchal K, Dierick K, De Keersmaecker SC. Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella enteritidis PT4 outbreaks from a National Reference Laboratory's Viewpoint. PLoS curr 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.aa5372d90826e6cb0136ff66bb7a62fc.
The author no competing interests.
Raw sequence data of control phage types of S. Typhimurium will be publically available via ENA under study Accession No.: PRJEB18673 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB18673) and also available via Enterobase (https://enterobase.warwick.ac.uk/). All sequencing data is available on request.
Consent to publish
Ethical approval and consent
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
Manal Mohammed
Correspondence to Manal Mohammed.
Additional file
Additional file 1: Table S1. CRISPR and CRISPOL types of outbreak and non-outbreak associated DT8 strains of S. Typhimurium. Identical CRISPR and CRISPOL types were detected among outbreak and non-outbreak strains.
Mohammed, M. Phage typing or CRISPR typing for epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella Typhimurium?. BMC Res Notes 10, 578 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2878-0
CRISPR typing
Phage typing | {
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Interspecies SCNT-derived Humanesque Blastocysts
Since the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer interspecies blastocysts that contained human genetic or cellular material. Even if these embryos were not permitted to mature to fetal stages, their ethical and political status became debated within nations attempting to use them for research.
Subject: Theories
The Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Myogenesis
Among other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in animals by which two adjacent cells within an organism use a protein named Notch to mechanically interact with each other. Myogenesis is the formation of muscle that occurs throughout an animal's development, from embryo to the end of life. The cellular precursors of skeletal muscle originate in somites that form along the dorsal side of the organism.
Subject: Theories, Processes
Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak's Telomere and Telomerase Experiments (1982-1989)
Experiments conducted by Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak from 1982 to 1989 provided theories of how the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, and the enzyme that repairs telomeres, called telomerase, worked. The experiments took place at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute and at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and at the University of California in Berkeley, California. For their research on telomeres and telomerase, Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.
"The Origin and Behavior of Mutable Loci in Maize" (1950), by Barbara McClintock
The Origin and Behavior of Mutable Loci in Maize, by Barbara McClintock, was published in 1950 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. McClintock worked at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Laurel Hollow, New York, at the time of the publication, and describes her discovery of transposable elements in the genome of corn (Zea mays). Transposable elements, sometimes called transposons or jumping genes, are pieces of the chromosome capable of physically changing positions along the chromosome.
Walter Stanborough Sutton (1877-1916)
Walter Stanborough Sutton studied grasshoppers and connected the phenomena of meiosis, segregation, and independent assortment with the chromosomal theory of inheritance in the early twentieth century in the US. Sutton researched chromosomes, then called inheritance mechanisms. He confirmed a theory of Wilhelm Roux, who studied embryos in Breslau, Germany, in the late 1880s, who had argued that chromosomes and heredity were linked. Theodor Boveri, working in Munich, Germany, independently reached similar conclusions about heredity as Sutton.
Julia Bell (1879-1979)
Julia Bell worked in twentieth-century Britain, discovered Fragile X Syndrome, and helped find heritable elements of other developmental and genetic disorders. Bell also wrote much of the five volume Treasury of Human Inheritance, a collection about genetics and genetic disorders. Bell researched until late in life, authoring an original research article on the effects of the rubella virus of fetal development (Congenital Rubella Syndrome) at the age of 80.
Howard Wilber Jones Jr.
Howard Wilber Jones Jr. and his wife, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, developed a method of in vitro fertilization and helped create the first baby in the US using that method. Though the first in vitro baby was born in England in 1978, Jones and his wife's contribution allowed for the birth of Elizabeth Carr on 28 December 1981. Jones, a gynecologist and an obstetrician, researched human reproduction for most of his life.
"A Genomic Regulatory Network for Development" (2002), by Eric H. Davidson, et al.
In 2002 Eric Davidson and his research team published 'A Genomic Regulatory Network for Development' in Science. The authors present the first experimental verification and systemic description of a gene regulatory network. This publication represents the culmination of greater than thirty years of work on gene regulation that began in 1969 with 'A Gene Regulatory Network for Development: A Theory' by Roy Britten and Davidson. The modeling of a large number of interactions in a gene network had not been achieved before.
Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Younger (1781-1833)
Johann Friedrich Meckel studied abnormal animal and human anatomy in nineteenth century Germany in an attempt to explain embryological development. During Meckel's lifetime he catalogued embryonic malformations in multiple treatises. Meckel's focus on malformations led him to develop concepts like primary and secondary malformations, atavism, and recapitulation- all of which influenced the fields of medicine and embryology during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that directs the development of embryonic cells in animals, from invertebrates to vertebrates. The hedgehog signaling pathway is a system of genes and gene products, mostly proteins, that convert one kind of signal into another, called transduction. In 1980, Christiane Nusslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus, at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, identified several fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) genes.
"The Cell-Theory" (1853), by Thomas Henry Huxley
The Cell-Theory was written by Thomas Henry Huxley in Britain and published in 1853 by The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review. The twenty-two page article reviews twelve works on cell theory, including those in Germany by Caspar Friedrich Wolff in the eighteenth century and by Karl Ernst von Baer in the nineteenth century. Huxley spends much of The Cell-Theory on a cell theory proposed in the late 1830s by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in Germany.
Studies in Spermatogenesis (1905), by Nettie Maria Stevens
Studies in Spermatogenesis is a two volume book written by Nettie Maria Stevens, and published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1905 and 1906. In the books Stevens explains the research she conducted on chromosomal sex determination in the sperm and egg cells of insect species while at Bryn Mawr College, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Studies in Spermatogenesis described early examples of chromosomal XY sex-determination.
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
In nineteenth century Great Britain, Thomas Henry Huxley proposed connections between the development of organisms and their evolutionary histories, critiqued previously held concepts of homology, and promoted Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Many called him Darwin's Bulldog. Huxley helped professionalize and redefine British science. He wrote about philosophy, religion, and social issues, and researched and theorized in many biological fields.
Charles Robert Cantor (1942- )
Charles Robert Cantor helped sequence the human genome, and he developed methods to non-invasively determine the genes in human fetuses. Cantor worked in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His early research focused on oligonucleotides, small molecules of DNA or RNA. That research enabled the development of a technique that Cantor subsequently used to describe nucleotide sequences of DNA, a process called sequencing, in humans. Cantor was the principal scientist for the Human Genome Project, for which scientists sequenced the entirety of the human genome in 2003.
"Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory" (1969), by Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson
In 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model of gene regulation, in which various types of genes interact to control the differentiation of cells through differential gene expression. Britten worked at the Carnegie Institute of Washington in Washington, D.C., while Davidson worked at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. Their paper was an early theoretical and mechanistic description of gene regulation in higher organisms.
David Starr Jordan (1851-1931)
David Starr Jordan studied fish and promoted eugenics in the US during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his work, he embraced Charles Darwin s theory of evolution and described the importance of embryology in tracing phylogenic relationships. In 1891, he became the president of Stanford University in Stanford, California. Jordan condemned war and promoted conservationist causes for the California wilderness, and he advocated for the eugenic sterilization of thousands of Americans.
Our Bodies, Ourselves (1973), by the Boston Women's Health Book Collective
Our Bodies, Ourselves, a succession to a pamphlet of resources pulled from co-ops of women in and around Boston, Massachusetts was published in New York in 1973 by Simon and Schuster. Retitled from the original Women and Their Bodies, Our Bodies, Ourselves was an effort by a group of educated, middle class women to reinforce women's ownership of their bodies. There have been eight editions of Our Bodies, Ourselves, as well as sequels such as Our Bodies, Ourselves: Pregnancy and Birth and Our Bodies, Ourselves: Menopause.
Subject: Outreach, Reproduction
Whitner v. South Carolina (1997)
In the case Whitner v. South Carolina in 1997, the South Carolina State Supreme Court defined the concept of a child to include viable fetuses. This allowed grounds for prosecution of a pregnant womanÕs prenatal activity if those activities endangered or could potentially endanger the fetus within her. The case brought the issue of fetal rights versus pregnant womenÕs rights to light.
Osborne Overton Heard (1890-1983)
Osborne O. Heard was a noted Carnegie embryological model maker for the Department of Embryology at The Carnegie Institute of Washington (CIW), Baltimore, Maryland. Heard was born in Frederick, Maryland, on 21 November 1890. His father died while Heard and his three brothers were quite young. Heard attended night school at the Maryland Institute of Art and Design where he studied sculpting and patternmaking. While working as a patternmaker for the Detrick and Harvey Machine Company, Heard made models of tools using a variety of materials such as wood, plastic, and plaster of Paris.
Ross Granville Harrison (1870-1959)
A pioneer in experimental embryology, Ross Granville Harrison made numerous discoveries that advanced biology. One of the most significant was his adaptation of the hanging drop method from bacteriology to carry out the first tissue culture. This method allowed for further studies in embryology as well as experimental improvements in oncology, virology, genetics, and a number of other fields.
George W. Bush Executive Order 13455, June 2007
On 20 January 2001, Republican George W. Bush was sworn in as the forty-third president of the United States, replacing Democrat William J. Clinton. During his eight years in office, Bush issued many executive orders, often altering previous policy. By signing Order 13435 on 22 June 2007, he changed how stem cell research would be performed in America.
Subject: Legal
Dickey-Wicker Amendment, 1996
The Dickey-Wicker Amendment is an amendment attached to the appropriations bills for the Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, and Education each year since 1996 restricting the use of federal funds for creating, destroying, or knowingly injuring human embryos. The Dickey-Wicker Amendment began as a rider (another name for an amendment) attached to House Resolution (H.R.) 2880. H.R.
"Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs" (1952), by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King
In 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King published their article, "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs," in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the culmination of a series of experiments conducted at the Institute for Cancer Research and Lankenau Hospital Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this paper Briggs and King examined whether nuclei of embryonic cells are differentiated, and by doing so, were the first to conduct a successful nuclear transplantation with amphibian embryos.
Endoderm
Endoderm is one of the germ layers-- aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop. All animals, with the exception of sponges, form either two or three germ layers through a process known as gastrulation. During gastrulation, a ball of cells transforms into a two-layered embryo made of an inner layer of endoderm and an outer layer of ectoderm. In more complex organisms, like vertebrates, these two primary germ layers interact to give rise to a third germ layer, called mesoderm.
Sex-determining Region Y in Mammals
The Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes, such as testes. The Sry gene, located on the short branch of the Y chromosome, initiates male embryonic development in the XY sex determination system. The Sry gene follows the central dogma of molecular biology; the DNA encoding the gene is transcribed into messenger RNA, which then produces a single Sry protein. | {
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CO-OP Picks Up Maryland's Biggest CU
Maryland's largest credit union, the $1.6 billion State Employees Credit Union of Maryland has become the latest CU to join the CO-OP Network, according to CO-OP Financial Services, the CUSO which owns the network.
By Staff Writer | May 08, 2007 at 08:00 PM | The original version of this story was published on Credit Union Times Magazine
ONTARIO, Calif. — Maryland's largest credit union, the $1.6 billion State Employees Credit Union of Maryland has become the latest CU to join the CO-OP Network, according to CO-OP Financial Services, the CUSO which owns the network. | {
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UTILS_HOME = ../../utils
CLOSURE ?= $(UTILS_HOME)/closure.jar
BUILD_DIR = ../../build/firefox
RESTARTLESS_DIR = ../../build/firefox-restartless
PROFILE ?= $(error Specify Firefox profile in PROFILE)
BUNDLES_DIR = ../../build/bundles-cc
# Just builds a ff extension
VERSION = `head -n 1 ../../build/version/version.txt`
build: ensureoutputdir
# Copying extension files
echo "Creating extension version: $(VERSION)"
cp -R ../../LICENSE ../../LICENSE-OFL.txt ../../README-LICENSE.txt content chrome bootstrap.js chrome.manifest icon.png icon64.png $(BUILD_DIR)/
sed s/\(SHUMWAY_VERSION\)/$(VERSION)/ install.rdf > $(BUILD_DIR)/install.rdf
sed s/\(SHUMWAY_VERSION\)/$(VERSION)/ update.rdf > $(BUILD_DIR)/update.rdf
cp ../../examples/inspector/debug/pingpong.js $(BUILD_DIR)/chrome/
# Copying JavaScript content files
mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/content/playerglobal
cp ../../build/playerglobal/playerglobal.json $(BUILD_DIR)/content/playerglobal/
cp ../../build/playerglobal/playerglobal.abcs $(BUILD_DIR)/content/playerglobal/
# Copying ABC and Relooper files
mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/content/libs
cp ../../build/libs/builtin.abc $(BUILD_DIR)/content/libs/
cp ../../build/libs/relooper.js $(BUILD_DIR)/content/libs/
# Copying closure optimized shumway.js files
cp $(BUNDLES_DIR)/shumway*.js $(BUILD_DIR)/content/
cp ../../build/version/version.txt $(BUILD_DIR)/content/version.txt
echo "extension" >> $(BUILD_DIR)/content/version.txt
# Packaging XPI file
cd $(BUILD_DIR); zip -r shumway.xpi *
ensureoutputdir: clean
-mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
clean:
-rm -rf build
-rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)
-rm -rf $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)
restartless:
-rm -rf $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)
mkdir -p $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)
cd $(RESTARTLESS_DIR); find ../../extension/firefox -type f -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -exec ln -s {} \;
mkdir -p $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/chrome
cd $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/chrome; find ../../../extension/firefox/chrome -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -exec ln -s {} \;
mkdir -p $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content
cd $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content; find ../../../extension/firefox/content -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -exec ln -s {} \;
ln -s ../../../examples/inspector/debug/pingpong.js $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/chrome/pingpong.js
ln -s ../../../src/gfx $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/gfx
ln -s ../../../build/playerglobal $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/playerglobal
ln -s ../../../build/libs $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/libs
ln -s ../../../build/bundles/shumway.gfx.js $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/shumway.gfx.js
ln -s ../../../build/bundles/shumway.player.js $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/shumway.player.js
ln -s ../../../build/version/version.txt $(RESTARTLESS_DIR)/content/version.txt
cd $(RESTARTLESS_DIR); pwd > "$(PROFILE)/extensions/shumway-dev@research.mozilla.org"
grep "nglayout.debug.disable_xul_cache\", true" "$(PROFILE)/prefs.js" 1>/dev/null || echo "Set create 'nglayout.debug.disable_xul_cache' boolean preference to 'true'."
PHONY: build clean ensureoutputdir restartless
| {
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<?php
function parser_embed($gab, $text) {
require_once 'auto_video_embed_view.php';
return parser_video_embed($text);
}
function auto_link($gab, $text) {
require_once 'auto_link.php';
return auto_link_text($text);
}
$gab->bindTrigger(gab_triggers::PARSE, "auto_link");
$gab->bindTrigger(gab_triggers::PARSE, "parser_embed");
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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San Diego County Bar Association leader Janice Mulligan was recently appointed chair of the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Medical Professional Liability. She will assume her position as chair at the conclusion of the ABA Annual Meeting in Chicago, Aug. 4-9. It is a one-year appointment, subject to reappointment for a possible total of three years.
The ABA's 15-member Standing Committee on Medical Professional Liability provides testimony to Congress and assists in the formulation of policy regarding medical professional liability at the national level. The committee opposes caps on pain and suffering awards and is in favor of trial by jury for health-related cases. Mulligan has served as a member of the committee since 1999.
"ABA policy is very much in favor of consumers," Mulligan said. "It is a privilege to be able to advocate these positions at the national level."
Mulligan, a partner in the law firm of Mulligan & Banham in San Diego, represents consumers in catastrophic cases arising out of medical negligence, pharmaceutical litigation, personal injury and elder abuse actions. She is an active member of the San Diego County Bar Association, having served on the bar board of directors between 1987-90, and chaired the bar's Lawyer Referral and Information Service community service effort between 1985-88. Mulligan currently serves on the Task Force on Judicial Appointments, a position she has held since 2001. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Tag Archives: JC Santos
entertainment, reality show, talent show, television
I Can Do That: ABS-CBN's Latest Foreign Franchised Show
March 10, 2017 ralphierceABS-CBN, ABS-CBN franchised shows, ABS-CBN new programs, ABS-CBN new shows, ABS-CBN PR, ABS-CBN upcoming programs, ABS-CBN upcoming shows, Alex Gonzaga, Arci Munoz, Armoza Formats, Cristine Reyes, Daniel Matsunaga, Gab Valenciano, I Can Do That, I Can Do That ABS-CBN, I Can Do That debut, I Can Do That debut episode, I Can Do That debut week, I Can Do That first episode, I Can Do That first week, I Can Do That franchise, I Can Do That maiden episode, I Can Do That maiden week, I Can Do That opening episode, I Can Do That opening week, I Can Do That Philippines, I Can Do That pilot, I Can Do That pilot episode, I Can Do That pilot week, I Can Do That premiere, I Can Do That premiere episode, I Can Do That premiere week, I CANdidates, Israel, JC Santos, Maalaala Mo Kaya, Maalaala Mo Kaya ABS-CBN, MMK, MMK ABS-CBN, Pokwang, Rated k, Rated K ABS-CBN, Robi Domingo, Sue Ramirez, United States, Wacky Kiray 2 Comments
Franchised shows and ABS-CBN continue to be inseparable.
This weekend will be no exception, as the Kapamilya network premieres its latest acquisition. Enter 'I Can Do That', ABS-CBN's newest talent reality show where celebrities perform the riskiest and most imaginative of acts in order to entertain the audience.
'I Can Do That' originated in Israel under the watchful eyes of Armoza Formats. Twenty countries, including the United States, have put their own spin on the franchise.
The Philippine franchise of 'I Can Do That' will be hosted by Robi Domingo and Alex Gonzaga. The show will be headlined by eight actors known as the I CANdidates: Cristine Reyes, Arci Muñoz, Pokwang, Sue Ramirez, JC Santos, Gab Valenciano, Wacky Kiray and Daniel Matsunaga.
Via ABS-CBN PR, here is how 'I Can Do That' is played:
Every week, the I CANdidates will perform extraordinary acts in pairs. The fun begins when different groups of professional performers demonstrate a variety of acts that I CANdidates have never done before.
If the I CANdidates think they can do a certain act, they will make their way down the stairs towards the performers. The first to reach the fourth and last step will be locked in to perform the act and will get to choose the I CANdidate who he or she believes will help him or her give a winning performance.
Given only one week to practice, the I CANdidates should be able to perform their assigned act and entertain the audience.
The weekly winner will be determined based on the combined scores culled from the scores given individually by the iCANdidates and the extra points granted to the winner of the audience vote.
With 'I Can Do That' bordering towards improvisation and danger, expect lots of pain and exhaustion from the I CANdidates and the professional performers. This show is definitely not for the weak at heart.
Still, despite the death-defying acts, expect no shortage of entertainment and laughter among the eight I CANdidates. After all, 'I Can Do That' is about captivating the audience with every move they make.
'I Can Do That' airs Saturdays after 'MMK' and Sundays after 'Rated K' on ABS-CBN.
drama, entertainment, Philippines, television
Till I Met You Underachieves As It Enters Finale
January 16, 2017 ralphierceABS-CBN Primetime Bida, Dolce Amore, Dolce Amore ABS-CBN, Dolce Amore national ratings, Dolce Amore ratings, GMA, GMA Network, GMA Telebabad, JaDine, James Reid, JC Santos, Kantar national ratings, Kantar Ratings, KathNiel, LizQuen, Magpahanggang Wakas, Magpahanggang Wakas ABS-CBN, Meant to Be, Meant to Be GMA, Meant to Be national ratings, Meant to Be ratings, My Husband's Lover, My Husband's Lover GMA, Nadine Lustre, On the Wings of Love, On the Wings of Love ABS-CBN, On the Wings of Love national ratings, On the Wings of Love ratings, Pangako Sa 'Yo, Pangako Sa 'Yo 2015, Pangako Sa 'Yo ABS-CBN, Pangako Sa 'Yo national ratings, Pangako Sa 'Yo ratings, Primetime Bida, Someone to Watch Over Me, Someone to Watch Over Me GMA, Someone to Watch Over Me national ratings, Someone to Watch Over Me ratings, Till I Met You, Till I Met You ABS-CBN, Till I Met You closing episode, Till I Met You closing week, Till I Met You conclusion, Till I Met You final episode, Till I Met You final week, Till I Met You finale, Till I Met You last episode, Till I Met You last week, Till I Met You national ratings, Till I Met You ratings Leave a comment
The tumultuous run of 'Till I Met You' is about to end.
The second teleserye to star James Reid (as Basti) and Nadine Lustre (as Iris), 'Till I Met You' marked a change of direction for the love team. While their previous series 'On the Wings of Love' was presented as more of a light-hearted drama, 'Till I Met You' incorporated more serious themes such as LGBT relationships, as evidenced by the addition of JC Santos (as Ali).
'Till I Met You' first premiered on August 29, 2016. At first, it was placed in the second slot of Primetime Bida, as ABS-CBN hoped that the series can maintain the standard of excellence that KathNiel ('Pangako sa 'Yo') and LizQuen ('Dolce Amore') instilled earlier that year.
Unfortunately for JaDine, it was not to be. 'Till I Met You' only mustered around 26% average ratings in its first two weeks (in contrast, 'Pangako sa 'Yo' and 'Dolce Amore' scored around 30% or more in each episode), forcing ABS-CBN to demote the drama to the third slot in favor of 'Magpahanggang Wakas'.
Despite JaDine's familiarity with the third slot, 'Till I Met You' found it hard to win back viewers, at least locally. Unlike 'On the Wings of Love' which scored better than 25% during its run, 'Till I Met You' only managed 13% on average.
To make matters worse, 'Till I Met You' failed to dominate its timeslot, and even lost in the ratings battle at times to rival GMA series 'Someone to Watch Over Me' and 'Meant to Be'. The series' seemingly familiar plot (remember 'My Husband's Lover'?) may have turned off some more knowledgeable viewers.
Overall, even with the total count of 105 episodes by Friday's finale, 'Till I Met You' is considered a 'bust' by JaDine's standards. There may have been some moments worth talking about (e.g. Basti and Iris' car scene), but other than that, 'Till I Met You' essentially underachieved under the bright lights of primetime.
Whether or not JaDine can bounce back with their next TV project remains to be seen. But for the viewers who have enjoyed watching 'Till I Met You' despite its underachieving status, the last week of the series should be worth the price of admission.
JaDine Returns with Till I Met You
August 26, 2016 ralphierceABS-CBN, ABS-CBN Primetime Bida, Andoy Ranay, Ang Probinsyano, Ang Probinsyano ABS-CBN, Angel Aquino, Antonette Jadaone, Carmina Villaroel, Descendants of the Sun, Descendants of the Sun Asianovela, Descendants of the Sun GMA, Descendants of the Sun Koreanovela, FPJ's Ang Probinsyano, FPJ's Ang Probinsyano ABS-CBN, GMA, GMA Network, Greece, JaDine, James Reid, Jay Manalo, JC Santos, Kim Molina, Nadine Lustre, Noel Trinidad, On the Wings of Love, On the Wings of Love ABS-CBN, Pokwang, Primetime Bida, Richard Yap, Robert Seña, Till I Met You, Till I Met You ABS-CBN, Till I Met You debut episode, Till I Met You debut week, Till I Met You first episode, Till I Met You first week, Till I Met You hype, Till I Met You maiden episode, Till I Met You maiden week, Till I Met You opening episode, Till I Met You opening week, Till I Met You pilot episode, Till I Met You pilot week, Till I Met You popularity, Till I Met You premiere, Till I Met You premiere episode, Till I Met You premiere week, Zoren Legaspi 22 Comments
JaDine is back on the small screen.
Seven months after the conclusion of the love team's breakout TV hit 'On the Wings of Love', James Reid and Nadine Lustre return for a greater dose of 'kilig', but at the same time tackle more serious storylines. Their newest project, 'Till I Met You', will showcase a more mature JaDine, while it introduces a new star.
'Till I Met You' will focus on the lives of three people, each with a story to tell. Iris (Nadine) and Basti (James) are a couple and are set to marry, but things soon turn when Iris' best friend Ali, played by JC Santos, is revealed to have a secret relationship with Basti.
Like more recent ABS-CBN dramas featuring their love teams, 'Till I Met You' will also highlight a particular tourist attraction. The early portion of the series was shot in Greece, a country that features a mild Mediterranean climate and a vast tradition of civilization and commerce.
Joining JaDine and JC on 'Till I Met You' are Carmina Villaroel, Zoren Legaspi, Pokwang, Angel Aquino, Kim Molina, Noel Trinidad and Robert Seña, with Richard Yap and Jay Manalo playing special roles. The series will be directed by Antonette Jadaone and Andoy Ranay, both of whom have been the directors of JaDine's projects in the past.
The hype for 'Till I Met You' has been tremendous leading up to its premiere. News regarding the upcoming series became a constant trending topic on social media, and as such, fans of JaDine cannot stop talking about 'Till I Met You"s hit potential.
This should cause a concern for GMA, whose continuous failures to concoct their own popular love teams have been well documented. The expected popularity of 'Till I Met You' could keep GMA out of it, especially now that they are airing a Koreanovela (in this case 'Descendants of the Sun') as a last resort.
It will be interesting to see how the new and improved JaDine will fare the second time around. But as far as viewers are concerned, there will be no surprises, as they are poised to once again generate high ratings for ABS-CBN based on past reputation.
'Till I Met You' premieres this Monday, and airs weeknights after 'Ang Probinsyano' on ABS-CBN's Primetime Bida. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
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<h2 class="title">H</h2>
<dl>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/ApplicationStatusObserver.html#handleLogout--">handleLogout()</a></span> - Method in interface eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/ApplicationStatusObserver.html" title="interface in eu.focusnet.app.controller">ApplicationStatusObserver</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Actions to perform on logout.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/CronService.html#handleLogout--">handleLogout()</a></span> - Method in class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/CronService.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">CronService</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Inherited</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/DataManager.html#handleLogout--">handleLogout()</a></span> - Method in class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/DataManager.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">DataManager</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">logout.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/UserManager.html#handleLogout--">handleLogout()</a></span> - Method in class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/UserManager.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">UserManager</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Inherited.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/TableWidgetInstance.html#headers">headers</a></span> - Variable in class eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/TableWidgetInstance.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets">TableWidgetInstance</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Headers</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/BarChartWidgetFragment.html#HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH">HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/BarChartWidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget">BarChartWidgetFragment</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">The height of the widget if it takes the full width of the screen.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/LineChartWidgetFragment.html#HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH">HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/LineChartWidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget">LineChartWidgetFragment</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">The height of the widget if it takes the full width of the screen.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/PieChartWidgetFragment.html#HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH">HEIGHT_DP_FOR_FULL_WIDTH</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/PieChartWidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget">PieChartWidgetFragment</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">The height of the widget if it takes the full width of the screen.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/TableWidgetFragment.html#HEIGHT_DP_PER_ROW">HEIGHT_DP_PER_ROW</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/TableWidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget">TableWidgetFragment</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Indication on the height to use for each row.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/common/UiHelper.html#hideSoftKeyboard-Activity-">hideSoftKeyboard(Activity)</a></span> - Static method in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.common.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/common/UiHelper.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.common">UiHelper</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Helper function to hide the keyboard when clicking on an element.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/activity/ProjectsListingActivity.html#highlightSelectedMenuItem-int-">highlightSelectedMenuItem(int)</a></span> - Method in class eu.focusnet.app.ui.activity.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/activity/ProjectsListingActivity.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.activity">ProjectsListingActivity</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Highlight the currently selected menu item</div>
</dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/Html5WidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget"><span class="typeNameLink">Html5WidgetFragment</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">A <code>Fragment</code> rendering a webapp inside a <code>WebView</code>.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/Html5WidgetFragment.html#Html5WidgetFragment--">Html5WidgetFragment()</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/Html5WidgetFragment.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget">Html5WidgetFragment</a></dt>
<dd> </dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/Html5WidgetFragment.FocusAppWebViewClient.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget"><span class="typeNameLink">Html5WidgetFragment.FocusAppWebViewClient</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Create a web client, which loads internal HTML pages with the custom <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/common/TouchWebView.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.common"><code>TouchWebView</code></a>.</div>
</dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/Html5WidgetFragment.WebAppInterface.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget"><span class="typeNameLink">Html5WidgetFragment.WebAppInterface</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/ui/fragment/widget/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.ui.fragment.widget</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">JavaScript interface definition.</div>
</dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/Html5WidgetInstance.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets"><span class="typeNameLink">Html5WidgetInstance</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">An instance containing all information pertaining to a webapp widget.</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/Html5WidgetInstance.html#Html5WidgetInstance-eu.focusnet.app.model.gson.WidgetTemplate-java.util.Map-eu.focusnet.app.model.DataContext-">Html5WidgetInstance(WidgetTemplate, Map<String, String>, DataContext)</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/model/widgets/Html5WidgetInstance.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.model.widgets">Html5WidgetInstance</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">C'tor</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html#HTTP_METHOD_DELETE">HTTP_METHOD_DELETE</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.util.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.util">Constant.Networking</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">HTTP DELETE</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html#HTTP_METHOD_GET">HTTP_METHOD_GET</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.util.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.util">Constant.Networking</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">HTTP GET</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html#HTTP_METHOD_POST">HTTP_METHOD_POST</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.util.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.util">Constant.Networking</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">HTTP POST</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html#HTTP_METHOD_PUT">HTTP_METHOD_PUT</a></span> - Static variable in class eu.focusnet.app.util.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/util/Constant.Networking.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.util">Constant.Networking</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">HTTP PUT</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html#httpConnectionFactory-java.net.URL-java.lang.String-">httpConnectionFactory(URL, String)</a></span> - Static method in class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">HttpRequest</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">Create an HTTP(S) connection.</div>
</dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller"><span class="typeNameLink">HttpRequest</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.controller</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">An HTTP request to be issued to the REST server</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html#HttpRequest-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-">HttpRequest(String, String)</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">HttpRequest</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">A simple Request without payload (GET or DELETE)</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html#HttpRequest-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-eu.focusnet.app.model.gson.FocusObject-">HttpRequest(String, String, FocusObject)</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">HttpRequest</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">A request with associated payload to be passed in the body (POST or PUT)</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html#HttpRequest-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-">HttpRequest(String, String, String)</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpRequest.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">HttpRequest</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">A request with associated payload to be passed in the body (POST or PUT)</div>
</dd>
<dt><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpResponse.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller"><span class="typeNameLink">HttpResponse</span></a> - Class in <a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/package-summary.html">eu.focusnet.app.controller</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">A response to an HTTP request to the FOCUS platform</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpResponse.html#HttpResponse-java.net.HttpURLConnection-">HttpResponse(HttpURLConnection)</a></span> - Constructor for class eu.focusnet.app.controller.<a href="../eu/focusnet/app/controller/HttpResponse.html" title="class in eu.focusnet.app.controller">HttpResponse</a></dt>
<dd>
<div class="block">An HttpResponse contains all information that may be useful by the application to
decide what to do after a network call.</div>
</dd>
</dl>
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| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Roark Capital Group:
Roark Acquires Great Expressions Dental Centers
By: Roark Capital Group | 0 Shares 129 Reads
Private Equity Firm Adds Multi-Unit, Retail Healthcare Company to Portfolio
ATLANTA - Sept. 28, 2016 // PRNewswire // - Roark Capital Group, an Atlanta-based private equity firm focused on consumer brands and multi-unit businesses, announced today that its affiliate has acquired Great Expressions Dental Centers. Rich Beckman will continue to lead the business as CEO, and the company will remain headquartered in Southfield, Mich. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
"This transaction marks an exciting new chapter for the company," Beckman said. "With our new partner, Roark, we look forward to accelerating our strategy of growth through affiliation with other high-quality dental practices. We also look forward to leveraging Roark's consumer and branding expertise to enhance our own Great Expressions brand. We appreciate the support and partnership OMERS Private Equity offered throughout the life of their investment."
Great Expressions provides comprehensive affordable dental services through its network of 269 affiliated practices staffed by more than 900 dentists and hygienists who care for over 600,000 patients per year. Founded in 1982 and operating as a single brand, Great Expressions is one of the largest dental support organizations (DSO) in the United States.
Neal Aronson, Roark's Managing Partner, said, "Great Expressions is the branded DSO of choice for dentists desiring an affiliation and for consumers desiring consistent, quality care. It's the perfect company to launch Roark's entrance into retail healthcare."
Tim Armstrong, Managing Director at Roark, noted, "We're partnering with an outstanding, experienced, and long-tenured management team to accelerate the growth of the business from their already proven and successful strategy."
Paul, Weiss and DLA Piper acted as legal counsel to Roark. Jefferies LLC served as financial advisor to Great Expressions.
About Great Expressions Dental Centers
For nearly 40 years, Great Expressions has been a leader in preventative dental care, orthodontics and specialty care with offices in Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Texas and Virginia. Great Expressions is consistently recognized for contributions to improving oral health through quality and safety initiatives, affordable dental care services, patient convenience, research and more. Great Expressions Dental Centers branded practices are independently-owned and operated in specific states by licensed dentists and their professional entities who employ the licensed professionals providing dental treatment and services. ADG, LLC provides administrative and business support services and licenses the Great Expressions Dental Centers brand name to independently-owned and operated dental practices. ADG does not own or operate dental practices, or employ the licensed professionals providing dental treatment and services. For more information, please visit www.greatexpressions.com.
About Roark Capital Group
Roark focuses on franchised and multi-unit business models in the retail, restaurant, consumer and business services sectors. Affiliates of Roark have invested in 56 franchise/multi-unit brands which collectively generate $21 billion in annual system revenues from 23,000 locations in 50 states and 75 countries. Roark's current brands include Anytime Fitness, Arby's, Atkins Nutritionals, Batteries Plus Bulbs, CKE Restaurants (the owner of Carl Jr.'s and Hardee's), Corner Bakery, Driven Brands (the owner of Maaco, Meineke, CARSTAR, 1-800-Radiator and Take 5 Oil Change), Drybar, FOCUS Brands (the owner of Auntie Anne's Pretzels, Carvel Ice Cream, Cinnabon, McAlister's Deli, Moe's Southwest Grill, and Schlotzsky's), Il Fornaio, Massage Envy, Miller's Ale House, Naf Naf Grill, Orangetheory Fitness, Pet Retail Brands (the owner of Pet Supermarket and Pet Valu), Primrose Schools, Waxing the City and Wingstop. For more information, please visit www.roarkcapital.com.
SOURCE Roark Capital Group
Debra Vilchis
Roark Capital Group
Fishman Public Relations
dvilchis@fishmanpr.com
Megan McCarl
Great Expressions Dental Centers
Lambert, Edwards & Associates
mmccarl@lambert-edwards.com
Roark focuses on consumer and business service companies, with a specialization around franchised and multi-unit business models in the retail, restaurant, consumer and business services sectors. | {
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When injuries and accidents happen at premises that have failed to keep up to date on the outlined minimum requirements for these premises, management or/and the property owner can be found liable for the damages that arise. These cases are also known as "slip-and-fall" injuries.
The team at The Law Offices of Zappettini & Bradley know the consequences of premises accidents. Injuries can span from mild to extremely severe, with life-long complications. For this reason, the premises liability lawyers at The Law Offices of Zappettini & Bradley work to hold management teams and property owners accountable for their disregard.
If you have been hurt due to the negligence of a property owner or premises manager, recourse is available. Our selective team of attorneys can help you find the responsible party. We can ensure that they not only cover your medical expenses but any future medical costs, pain and suffering, lost wages and other damages to which you may be entitled.
Our team is ready, willing and able to talk to you about your claim, answer any concerns you may have, determine the viability of your case, and lay out all your options. Call us today at (916) 457-5022, to set up a free consultation and to speak with an experienced premises liability lawyer.
Your premises liability case will be intensely and completely investigated by our legal team. When needed, we will use industry experts and private investigators to determine the at-fault party.
It is important that you act quickly so that your rights are protected. To speak to one of our experienced premises liability lawyers about your case, set-up a free, no obligation case consultation by completing our online form, or by calling (916) 457-5022. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: find all permutations of non-overlapping polygons in R (sp or sf objects) I have a spatial object (say a Multipolygon in sf or a SpatialPolygons in sp) and I want to find all the possible permutations of non-overlapping features. Here are some diagrams that illustrate what I am after. Let's say I have the following polygons.
library(sf)
# points
a <- st_as_sf(data.frame(lon = c(1,2,3.5,3,6), lat = c(0,1,0,1.5,-3)), coords = c('lon', 'lat'))
# circles
b <- st_buffer(a, 1)
# colors
cols = c('grey', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue')
cols = adjustcolor(cols, alpha.f = .5)
# plot
plot(b, col = cols)
I am after a routine that would create the following 3 objects whose plots would look like:
a.
b.
c.
Ideally, the routine would also allow for a threshold on the intersection of polygons.
I think whatever routine I could write myself would take prohibitively long even for moderate-sized objects (say, 150 polygons, yielding lots of possible combinations). I was hoping that someone have already figured this problem out.
A: M <- st_overlaps(b, sparse = FALSE) * 1
(M <- 1 - M)
# [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
# [1,] 1 0 1 1 1
# [2,] 0 1 0 0 1
# [3,] 1 0 1 0 1
# [4,] 1 0 0 1 1
# [5,] 1 1 1 1 1
colnames(M) <- c('grey', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue')
library(igraph)
A <- graph_from_adjacency_matrix(M)
max_cliques(A)
# [[1]]
# + 2/5 vertices, named, from dae1f9f:
# [1] red blue
#
# [[2]]
# + 3/5 vertices, named, from dae1f9f:
# [1] grey blue yellow
#
# [[3]]
# + 3/5 vertices, named, from dae1f9f:
# [1] grey blue green
cliques(A)
# ...
# Omitted, 13 cliques in total
First we use st_overlaps to get a kind of adjacency matrix, M, where two polygons are adjacent in this graph if they overlap in your data. But actually we are going to need 1 - M, where two polygons are adjacent in this new graph if they don't overlap. That's useful because what you are looking for then corresponds to (maximal) cliques in this graph:
cliques find all complete subgraphs in the input graph, obeying the
size limitations given in the min and max arguments.
max_cliques finds all maximal cliques in the input graph. A clique in
maximal if it cannot be extended to a larger clique. The largest
cliques are always maximal, but a maximal clique is not neccessarily
the largest.
In this case cliques are sets of polygons where none of the polygons overlap with any of the rest.
Also, as to apply this to sp objects, you only need to compute a corresponding M. I believe that over helps with that.
Bonus
As to add the possibility for thresholds, we just need to recompute M.
aux <- function(x) if (length(x) == 1) x else 0
M <- matrix(1, nrow(a), nrow(a))
for(i in 1:nrow(a))
for(j in 1:nrow(a))
M[i, j] <- aux(st_area(st_intersection(b[i, 1], b[j, 1])))
diag(M) <- 0
Then, for instance, if we count two polygons as intersecting only if the intersection area is greater than 0.2, we run
M <- 1 * (M > 0.2) # Getting threshold-overlaps
M <- 1 - M # The needed adjacency matrix
| {
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The College Football Playoff will offer financial aid to families of players traveling to the national championship, the organization announced on Tuesday.
As many as two parents or legal guardians for each player can be reimbursed up to $1,250 per person for lodging, travel and meal expenses.
"We know how expensive travel can be, so we're pleased to provide assistance to parents or guardians who want to see their sons play in the first College Football Playoff National Championship," said Bill Hancock, executive director of the College Football Playoff. "It will make the game even more special for the student-athletes to know that their family members are receiving this benefit."
The NCAA will also offer financial assistance to student-athletes' families for the men's and women's basketball Final Fours, according to ESPN's Brett McMurphy.
Ohio State coach Urban Meyer praised the NCAA's decision to allow financial assistance for players' parents and guardians.
Oregon is set to meet Ohio State in the inaugural College Football Playoff National Championship on Monday. The game will be played at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. | {
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Q: por que o FloatingActionButton está transparente? Estou com um problema depois que atualizei a lib support.design:22.2.0 para 23.0.1, o floatingActionButton passou a ser transparente quando executado na API 10.
Aqui está o código:
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
app:borderWidth="0dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_mode_edit_white_24dp"
app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|right|end"
android:elevation="2dp"
android:id="@+id/btnClick"
app:fabSize="normal"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorFAB"
android:layout_gravity="right|bottom" />
A: Me parece que isso é um bug do Android 10 que foi corrigido na versão 14, de uma olhada na issue #183315 mas que apareceu durante a versão 23.0.0 da design library.
Existem duas soluções, uma simples e outra que depende de uma sobreescrever o comportamento do FAB.
1) Voltar para a versão 22.2.1.
As vezes isso é comum (infelizmente). Se existe um bug da biblioteca, e que não tem solução, basta regredir se não usar nenhuma função específica da versão.
2) Criar uma classe que herda do FloatActionButton da design library como um "workaround", sugerido pelo comentário #9:
public class TintFloatingActionButton extends FloatingActionButton implements TintableBackgroundView {
static final int[] PRESSED_ENABLED_STATE_SET = {android.R.attr.state_pressed,
android.R.attr.state_enabled};
static final int[] FOCUSED_ENABLED_STATE_SET = {android.R.attr.state_focused,
android.R.attr.state_enabled};
private static final int[] TINT_ATTRS = {
android.R.attr.background
};
private TintInfo mBackgroundTint;
public TintFloatingActionButton(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public TintFloatingActionButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public TintFloatingActionButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
if (TintManager.SHOULD_BE_USED) {
TintTypedArray a = TintTypedArray.obtainStyledAttributes(getContext(), attrs,
TINT_ATTRS, defStyleAttr, 0);
if (a.hasValue(0)) {
setSupportBackgroundTintList(createColorStateList(a.getResourceId(0, -1)));
}
a.recycle();
}
}
private static ColorStateList createColorStateList(int selectedColor) {
final int[][] states = new int[3][];
final int[] colors = new int[3];
int i = 0;
states[i] = FOCUSED_ENABLED_STATE_SET;
colors[i] = selectedColor;
i++;
states[i] = PRESSED_ENABLED_STATE_SET;
colors[i] = selectedColor;
i++;
// Default enabled state
states[i] = new int[0];
colors[i] = Color.TRANSPARENT;
i++;
return new ColorStateList(states, colors);
}
@Override
public void setSupportBackgroundTintList(ColorStateList tint) {
if (mBackgroundTint == null) {
mBackgroundTint = new TintInfo();
}
mBackgroundTint.mTintList = tint;
mBackgroundTint.mHasTintList = tint != null;
applySupportBackgroundTint();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public ColorStateList getSupportBackgroundTintList() {
return mBackgroundTint != null ? mBackgroundTint.mTintList : null;
}
@Override
public void setSupportBackgroundTintMode(@Nullable PorterDuff.Mode tintMode) {
if (mBackgroundTint == null) {
mBackgroundTint = new TintInfo();
}
mBackgroundTint.mTintMode = tintMode;
mBackgroundTint.mHasTintMode = tintMode != null;
applySupportBackgroundTint();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public PorterDuff.Mode getSupportBackgroundTintMode() {
return mBackgroundTint != null ? mBackgroundTint.mTintMode : null;
}
private void applySupportBackgroundTint() {
if (getBackground() != null && mBackgroundTint != null) {
TintManager.tintViewBackground(this, mBackgroundTint);
}
}
}
Código completo neste gist: https://gist.github.com/arturgaleno/5cca1934ed324bd2d9a7
| {
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SEHK:927
Will the Promising Trends At Fujikon Industrial Holdings (HKG:927) Continue?
To find a multi-bagger stock, what are the underlying trends we should look for in a business? In a perfect world, we'd like to see a company investing more capital into its business and ideally the returns earned from that capital are also increasing. If you see this, it typically means it's a company with a great business model and plenty of profitable reinvestment opportunities. With that in mind, we've noticed some promising trends at Fujikon Industrial Holdings (HKG:927) so let's look a bit deeper.
Understanding Return On Capital Employed (ROCE)
If you haven't worked with ROCE before, it measures the 'return' (pre-tax profit) a company generates from capital employed in its business. Analysts use this formula to calculate it for Fujikon Industrial Holdings:
Return on Capital Employed = Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) ÷ (Total Assets - Current Liabilities)
0.013 = HK$9.3m ÷ (HK$1.0b - HK$296m) (Based on the trailing twelve months to September 2020).
Therefore, Fujikon Industrial Holdings has an ROCE of 1.3%. In absolute terms, that's a low return and it also under-performs the Consumer Durables industry average of 16%.
Check out our latest analysis for Fujikon Industrial Holdings
SEHK:927 Return on Capital Employed February 5th 2021
Historical performance is a great place to start when researching a stock so above you can see the gauge for Fujikon Industrial Holdings' ROCE against it's prior returns. If you want to delve into the historical earnings, revenue and cash flow of Fujikon Industrial Holdings, check out these free graphs here.
What Does the ROCE Trend For Fujikon Industrial Holdings Tell Us?
While there are companies with higher returns on capital out there, we still find the trend at Fujikon Industrial Holdings promising. More specifically, while the company has kept capital employed relatively flat over the last five years, the ROCE has climbed 463% in that same time. Basically the business is generating higher returns from the same amount of capital and that is proof that there are improvements in the company's efficiencies. It's worth looking deeper into this though because while it's great that the business is more efficient, it might also mean that going forward the areas to invest internally for the organic growth are lacking.
The Bottom Line On Fujikon Industrial Holdings' ROCE
In summary, we're delighted to see that Fujikon Industrial Holdings has been able to increase efficiencies and earn higher rates of return on the same amount of capital. Since the stock has only returned 33% to shareholders over the last five years, the promising fundamentals may not be recognized yet by investors. Given that, we'd look further into this stock in case it has more traits that could make it multiply in the long term.
Fujikon Industrial Holdings does have some risks though, and we've spotted 2 warning signs for Fujikon Industrial Holdings that you might be interested in.
While Fujikon Industrial Holdings isn't earning the highest return, check out this free list of companies that are earning high returns on equity with solid balance sheets.
If you decide to trade Fujikon Industrial Holdings, use the lowest-cost* platform that is rated #1 Overall by Barron's, Interactive Brokers. Trade stocks, options, futures, forex, bonds and funds on 135 markets, all from a single integrated account. Promoted
Valuation is complex, but we're helping make it simple.
Find out whether Fujikon Industrial Holdings is potentially over or undervalued by checking out our comprehensive analysis, which includes fair value estimates, risks and warnings, dividends, insider transactions and financial health.
View the Free Analysis
About SEHK:927
Fujikon Industrial Holdings
Fujikon Industrial Holdings Limited, an investment holding company, designs, manufactures, markets, and trades in electro-acoustic products, accessories, and other electronic products in Hong Kong and China.
Flawless balance sheet and slightly overvalued.
Bank of Communications Co., Ltd.'s (HKG:3328) top owners are individual investors with 29% stake, while 24% is held by state or government
Investors Will Want EVA Precision Industrial Holdings' (HKG:838) Growth In ROCE To Persist
Greatview Aseptic Packaging's (HKG:468) Returns On Capital Tell Us There Is Reason To Feel Uneasy | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Melody of the Heath () is a 1956 West German romance film directed by Ulrich Erfurth and starring Carsta Löck, Martin Benrath and Kurt Vespermann. It is part of the post-war tradition of heimatfilm, taking place on Lüneburg Heath. It was shot in eastmancolor.
Synopsis
A young woman schoolteacher replaces an older male in rural Germany.
Cast
Carsta Löck as Luise Nettebohm
Martin Benrath as Ulrich Haagen
Kurt Vespermann as Brettschneider
Ludwig Linkmann as Windewitt
Heinz Engelmann as Dr. Martin Newiger
Hans Leibelt as Moralt
Antje Weisgerber as Hanne Brink
Charlott Daudert as Klara
Gustl Gstettenbaur as Sepp
Richard Handwerk as Nissen
Harald Martens as Jörg
Franca Parisi as Manuela Moralt
References
Bibliography
Harald Höbusch. "Mountain of Destiny": Nanga Parbat and Its Path Into the German Imagination. Boydell & Brewer, 2016.
External links
1956 films
1950s romance films
German romance films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films directed by Ulrich Erfurth
1950s German films | {
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<?php
namespace Sturdy\Activity\Meta\Type;
use stdClass;
/**
* Class BooleanType
* @package Sturdy\Activity\Meta\Type
*/
final class BooleanType extends Type
{
const type = "boolean";
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param string|null $state the objects state
*/
public function __construct(string $state = null)
{
}
/**
* Get descriptor
*
* @return string
*/
public function getDescriptor(): string
{
return self::type;
}
/**
* Set meta properties on object
*
* @param stdClass $meta
* @param array $state
*/
public function meta(stdClass $meta, array $state): void
{
$meta->type = self::type;
}
/**
* Filter value
*
* @param &$value bool the value to filter
* @return bool whether the value is valid
*/
public function filter(&$value): bool
{
if (is_string($value)) $value = trim($value);
$boolean = filter_var($value, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE);
if ($boolean === null) return false;
$value = $boolean;
return true;
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Q: React Router v4 not loading component For some reason, my web app is not directing to the component whenever I go to the parameters. Specifically, it is not going to the Battle component.
Here is what the navigation looks:
import React from 'react';
import Header from './components/Header/Header';
import SelectPlayers from './pages/SelectPlayers/SelectPlayers';
import Popular from './pages/Popular/Popular'
import Battle from './pages/Battle/Battle'
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Link, Switch } from "react-router-dom";
function App() {
return (
<Router>
<div className={'flex flex-column'}>
<Header />
<Switch>
<Route exact path={'/'} component={Popular}/>
<Route exact path={'/battle/select-player'} component={SelectPlayers} />
<Route exact path={'/results?playerOne=:playerOne&playerTwo=:playerTwo'} component={Battle} />
</Switch>
</div>
</Router>
);
}
export default App;
In the SelectPlayers component, whenever the user presses a button it runs:
import React, {useState} from 'react';
function SelectPlayers(props) {
const [playerOne, setPlayerOne] = useState('');
const [playerTwo, setPlayerTwo] = useState('');
function setPlayerName(event, player){
if (player === 1){
setPlayerOne(event.target.value)
} else if (player === 2) {
setPlayerTwo(event.target.value)
}
}
function goToBattle(event){
event.preventDefault();
props.history.push(`/results?playerOne=${playerOne}&playerTwo=${playerTwo}`)
}
return (
<div className={'pa3 mh7-l mh7-m'}>
<div className="flex flex-column">
<div className={'mb1'}>
<h1 className={'mb0'}>Player One</h1>
<input onChange={(e) => setPlayerName(e, 1)} type="text" placeholder={'github username'} className={'input-reset pa1 w-100 h2 ba b--black br2'}/>
</div>
<div className="tc dark-red">
<h1>Versus</h1>
</div>
<div className={'mb3'}>
<h1 className={'mb0 mt0 tr'}>Player Two</h1>
<input onChange={(e) => setPlayerName(e, 2)} type="text" placeholder={'github username'} className={'input-reset pa1 w-100 h2 ba b--black br2'}/>
</div>
<div>
<button onClick={(e) => goToBattle(e)} className={'input-reset pa1 h2 fw1 bg-black white ba w-100 b--black br2'}>Battle</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
);
}
export default SelectPlayers;
On the Battle component, I write some console.log stuff just to check if the Component loaded. However, whenever I go to that parameter, none of the code in my componentDidMount is running. I don't see any of the console.logs I wrote in componentDidMount in my developer console. Here is the component:
import React, {Component} from 'react';
class Battle extends Component {
constructor(props){
super(props)
}
componentDidMount() {
console.log('runngins');
console.log(this.props);
}
render() {
return (
<div className={'pa3 mh7-l mh7-m'}>
<div className="flex flex-column">
</div>
</div>
);
}
}
export default Battle;
You can see the code at this repo: https://github.com/tarekgabarin/github_compete
It would be greatly appreciated if anyone helped me.
A: As per your new comment that code is working without queryset, looks like there is some problem with your queryset parameters.
As suggested in comment box, don't define Router with queryset.
<Switch>
<Route exact path={'/'} component={Popular}/>
<Route exact path={'/battle/select-player'} component={SelectPlayers} />
<Route exact path={'/results'} component={Battle} />
</Switch>
In your SelectPlayers component, navigate to next page with queryset.
props.history.push("/results?playerOne=" +playerOne+ "&playerTwo=" +playerTwo)
On Battle component, use (query-string) to read the parameter. For example:
const values = queryString.parse(this.props.location.search);
const player_one = values.playerOne
const player_two = values.playerTwo
Please note that my above code is not tested.
Thanks
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
from __future__ import annotations
import pkgutil
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import PurePath
from typing import Generator
from pants.backend.docker.target_types import DockerImageSources
from pants.backend.python.goals.lockfile import PythonLockfileRequest, PythonToolLockfileSentinel
from pants.backend.python.subsystems.python_tool_base import PythonToolRequirementsBase
from pants.backend.python.target_types import EntryPoint
from pants.backend.python.util_rules.pex import PexRequest, VenvPex, VenvPexProcess
from pants.engine.fs import CreateDigest, Digest, FileContent
from pants.engine.process import Process, ProcessResult
from pants.engine.rules import Get, collect_rules, rule
from pants.engine.target import HydratedSources, HydrateSourcesRequest
from pants.engine.unions import UnionRule
from pants.util.docutil import git_url
from pants.util.logging import LogLevel
_DOCKERFILE_SANDBOX_TOOL = "dockerfile_wrapper_script.py"
_DOCKERFILE_PACKAGE = "pants.backend.docker.subsystems"
class DockerfileParser(PythonToolRequirementsBase):
options_scope = "dockerfile-parser"
help = "Used to parse Dockerfile build specs to infer their dependencies."
default_version = "dockerfile==3.2.0"
register_interpreter_constraints = True
default_interpreter_constraints = ["CPython>=3.7"]
register_lockfile = True
default_lockfile_resource = (_DOCKERFILE_PACKAGE, "dockerfile_lockfile.txt")
default_lockfile_path = (
f"src/python/{_DOCKERFILE_PACKAGE.replace('.', '/')}/dockerfile_lockfile.txt"
)
default_lockfile_url = git_url(default_lockfile_path)
class DockerfileParserLockfileSentinel(PythonToolLockfileSentinel):
options_scope = DockerfileParser.options_scope
@rule
def setup_lockfile_request(
_: DockerfileParserLockfileSentinel, dockerfile_parser: DockerfileParser
) -> PythonLockfileRequest:
return PythonLockfileRequest.from_tool(dockerfile_parser)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ParserSetup:
pex: VenvPex
@rule
async def setup_parser(dockerfile_parser: DockerfileParser) -> ParserSetup:
parser_script_content = pkgutil.get_data(_DOCKERFILE_PACKAGE, _DOCKERFILE_SANDBOX_TOOL)
if not parser_script_content:
raise ValueError(
"Unable to find source to {_DOCKERFILE_SANDBOX_TOOL!r} in {_DOCKERFILE_PACKAGE}."
)
parser_content = FileContent(
path="__pants_df_parser.py",
content=parser_script_content,
is_executable=True,
)
parser_digest = await Get(Digest, CreateDigest([parser_content]))
parser_pex = await Get(
VenvPex,
PexRequest(
output_filename="dockerfile_parser.pex",
internal_only=True,
requirements=dockerfile_parser.pex_requirements(),
interpreter_constraints=dockerfile_parser.interpreter_constraints,
main=EntryPoint(PurePath(parser_content.path).stem),
sources=parser_digest,
),
)
return ParserSetup(parser_pex)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class DockerfileParseRequest:
sources_digest: Digest
args: tuple[str, ...]
@rule
async def setup_process_for_parse_dockerfile(
request: DockerfileParseRequest, parser: ParserSetup
) -> Process:
process = await Get(
Process,
VenvPexProcess(
parser.pex,
argv=request.args,
description="Parse Dockerfile.",
input_digest=request.sources_digest,
level=LogLevel.DEBUG,
),
)
return process
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class DockerfileInfo:
putative_target_addresses: tuple[str, ...] = ()
version_tags: tuple[str, ...] = ()
def split_iterable(
sep: str, obj: list[str] | tuple[str, ...]
) -> Generator[tuple[str, ...], None, None]:
while sep in obj:
idx = obj.index(sep)
yield tuple(obj[:idx])
obj = obj[idx + 1 :]
yield tuple(obj)
@rule
async def parse_dockerfile(sources: DockerImageSources) -> DockerfileInfo:
hydrated_sources = await Get(HydratedSources, HydrateSourcesRequest(sources))
result = await Get(
ProcessResult,
DockerfileParseRequest(
hydrated_sources.snapshot.digest,
("version-tags,putative-targets", *hydrated_sources.snapshot.files),
),
)
output = result.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip().split("\n")
version_tags, putative_targets = split_iterable("---", output)
return DockerfileInfo(
putative_target_addresses=putative_targets,
version_tags=version_tags,
)
def rules():
return (
*collect_rules(),
UnionRule(PythonToolLockfileSentinel, DockerfileParserLockfileSentinel),
)
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
The Washington Capitals beat the Colorado Avalanche 4-3 (OT) Thursday night at Capital One Arena. The win improves the Capitals record to 30-18-6 (66 points) on the season. The Capitals return to the ice on Saturday when they host the Florida Panthers at Capital One Arena. Puck drop is set for 7:00 PM.
The Capitals opened the scoring with a goal from Andre Burakovsky for a 1-0 lead at the first intermission. The Avs tied the game just 35 seconds into the second period, but Evgeny Kuznetsov would register a power play goal midway through the middle frame to give the Caps a 2-1 lead at the second break. Matt Niskanen would make it 3-1 just 34 second into the final frame, but the Avs would close the gap to a single goal 5:10 into the final period. The Avs would tie the game with just over two minutes remaining, making it 3-3, and sent the game to overtime. Evgeny Kuznetsov would win it for the Capitals in overtime.
Scratches: Jonas Siegenthaler, Nic Dowd and Dmitrij Jaskin were the healthy scratches. Christian Djoos wrapped up his conditioning stint in Hershey and is returning to Washington. Reirden stated Djoos is a possibility for Saturday night versus the Panthers.The Capitals will need to make a roster move before Djoos can return to the roster.
The Capitals opened the scoring with an early goal from Andre Burakovsky at 6:31 of the first period. The goal was setup by a nice pass from T.J. Oshie. T.J. Oshie (15) and Matt Niskanen (13) were credited with the helpers.
The first period would end with the Caps leading 1-0. The Avs out-attempted the Capitals 25-16 but the Caps led in shots on goal (SOG) 12-9. Both teams were 0 for 1 on the power play in the opening frame.
The Avs tied the game just 35 seconds into the second period with a tally from Nathan MacKinnon, making it 1-1.
The Capitals challenged the call, claiming offsides, but the play was deemed on sides, giving the Avs a power play, but the Avs could not convert.
The Capitals regained the lead with a power play goal from Evgeny Kuznetsov at 8:38 of the second period.
The middle frame would close with the Capitals holding on to a 2-1 lead. The Capitals out-attempted the Avs 19-18, but the Avs led 16-15 in SOG. The Avs led 43-35 in attempts with the Caps leading 27-25 in SOG after 40 minutes of play. The Capitals were 1 for 4 and the Avs were 0 for 2 on the power play after two periods.
The Capitals would stretch their lead to 3-1 with a goal from Matt Niskanen 34 seconds into the final frame. Jakub Vrana (16) and Evgeny Kuznetsov (36) were credited with the assists.
The Avs would answer with a goal from Mikko Rantanen at 5:10 of the final period, making it 3-2.
Tom Wilson and Ian Cole dropped the mitts midway through the final frame. Wilson took objection to a hit that Cole levied on Evgeny Kuznetsov just prior to the fight. Wilson demolished Cole. Kuznetsov would go to the room.
The Avs would tie the game with just over two minutes left in the game with a goal from Colin Wilson to make it 3-3.
The Capitals would win it in the extra frame with a goal from Evgeny Kuznetsov.
Evgeny Kuznetsov now has seven points in the four games since the break.
The Avalanche led in shot attempts 55-41.
Capitals led in shots on goal 42-37.
The Capitals were 1 for 6 and the Avalanche 0 for 2 on the power play.
Andre Burakovsky played in his 300th NHL/Capitals game.
Brett Connolly played in his 400th NHL game.
This entry was posted in News and tagged Andre Burakovsky, Colorado Avalanche, Evgeny Kuznetsov, Jon Sorensen, Matt Niskanen, Philipp Grubauer, Washington Capitals. Bookmark the permalink. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
A: The events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of next constitute a cardiac cycle. It can be divided into three phases (contraction of heart is called systole and relaxation is known as diastole).
1. Atrial Systole (0.1 sec): When the atria are filled with blood, action potential generates in sinoatrial node. Thus a wave of systole spreads over the atria. Hence atria contract.
from right atrium flows into right ventricle. The oxygenated blood from left atrium flows into left ventricle.
closed (to prevent backward flow of blood into atria) causing the first heart sound lub.
oxygenated blood from left ventricle flows into the systemic arch.
3. Cardiac Diastole (0.4 sec): Now the ventricles relax. Thus pressure falls, resulting in the closure of semilunar valves at the bases of aortic arches causing second heart sound dup. When the pressure falls further, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves open and blood from atria flows into ventricles freely. At this phase all the four chambers of heart are in relaxed state. Soon another cardiac cycle sets in. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Events from the year 1954 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
Monarch – Elizabeth II
Prime Minister – Winston Churchill (Conservative)
Parliament – 40th
Events
10 January – a British Overseas Airways Corporation de Havilland Comet jet airliner on BOAC Flight 781 from Singapore to London crashes in the Mediterranean Sea following fatigue failure, killing all 35 on board.
25 January – first broadcast of Dylan Thomas's radio play Under Milk Wood, two months after its author's death, with Richard Burton as 'First Voice', on the BBC Third Programme.
12 February
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority founded.
British Medical Committee report suggests the existence of a link between smoking and lung cancer.
23 March – film of Doctor in the House released.
24 March – after an eight-day trial at Winchester Assizes, The Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, his cousin Michael Pitt-Rivers, and their friend Peter Wildeblood are convicted of "conspiracy to incite certain male persons to commit serious offences with male persons" or buggery and related charges. Pitt-Rivers and Wildebood are sentenced to eighteen months and Lord Montagu to twelve months in prison.
2 April – BBC Television broadcasts the opening episode of The Grove Family, the first British TV soap opera.
3 April – Oxford wins the 100th Boat Race.
14 April – Aneurin Bevan resigns from the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet in protest over his party's failure to oppose the rearmament of West Germany.
24 April – Wolverhampton Wanderers win the Football League First Division title for the first time in their history. The result ends the hopes that their local rivals, FA Cup finalists West Bromwich Albion, had of becoming the first team of the 20th century to win the double of the league title and FA Cup.
1 May – West Bromwich Albion win the FA Cup for the fourth time in their history with a 3-2 win over Preston North End in the final at Wembley Stadium.
6 May – Roger Bannister becomes the first person to break the four-minute mile, at the Iffley Road Track of the University of Oxford.
29 May – Diane Leather becomes the first woman to break the five-minute mile, at the Alexander Sports Ground in Birmingham.
6 June – first broadcast on the Eurovision Network founded by Britain, Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland of a message from Pope Pius XII.
12 June – an Irish Republican Army unit carries out a successful arms raid on Gough Barracks in Armagh, signalling the renewal of IRA activity following a long hiatus.
30 June – Britain witnesses its first eclipse since 1927 as the eclipse in America casts its shadow over Europe and Asia.
July – Crichel Down affair, a political scandal over compulsory land purchase leads to resignation of Sir Thomas Dugdale, the government minister responsible.
4 July – fourteen years of rationing during and following World War II comes to an end when meat officially comes off ration.
15 July – Donald McGill, the artist of saucy seaside postcards, found guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act 1857 in Lincoln.
19 July – United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority established by the Atomic Energy Act "to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and carry out research into any matters therewith".
3 August – No. 1321 Flight RAF formed at RAF Wittering to bring the Blue Danube (nuclear weapon) into service with Vickers Valiant aircraft.
4 August – maiden flight of the English Electric Lightning P-1 supersonic fighter plane.
5 August – Julian Slade's musical Salad Days opens in London, following a premiere at the Bristol Old Vic; it becomes the longest-running musical in British theatre history until 1960.
September
Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Hunstanton, Norfolk, considered a key building in modern British architecture, designed by Peter and Alison Smithson, opens.
Kidbrooke School in the London Borough of Greenwich opens as England's first purpose-built comprehensive school.
3 September – the National Trust for Scotland acquires Fair Isle.
11 September – Roy of the Rovers comic strip first appears, on the cover of Tiger comic.
14 September – Benjamin Britten's chamber opera The Turn of the Screw receives its world premiere at the Teatro La Fenice, Venice.
15 September – the Wolfenden Committee, set up to report on "Homosexual Offences and Prostitution", convenes for the first time
18 September
Marble head of Mithras from London Mithraeum unearthed in Walbrook Square.
The Last Night of the Proms for the first time features the almost invariable coupling of Sir Henry Wood's 1905 Fantasia on British Sea Songs, Sir Edward Elgar's 1902 setting of "Land of Hope and Glory", Sir Hubert Parry's 1916 setting of William Blake's "Jerusalem", and "Rule, Britannia!".
22 September – Terence Rattigan's plays Separate Tables premiere in London.
13 October – Chris Chataway breaks the world record for the 5000 metres by five seconds.
14 October – the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie visits the United Kingdom.
19 October
Britain agrees to end its military occupation of the Suez Canal.
A public inquiry into the de Havilland Comet airline disasters hears that metal fatigue was the most likely cause of the two recent crashes which claimed the lives of a total of 50 people.
November – postwar government limitations on housebuilding are lifted.
2 November – radio comedy series Hancock's Half Hour first aired.
13 November
The Great Britain national rugby league team beat France to win the first Rugby League World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris.
BBC Television broadcasts the opening episode of Fabian of the Yard, the first British TV police procedural.
27 November – the South Goodwin lightvessel is wrecked on the Goodwin Sands with the loss of six of the seven on board. The tanker World Concord breaks in two in the Irish Sea.
29 November – the leading case of Ladd v Marshall is decided in the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, establishing criteria for the Court to admit fresh evidence in a case on which a judgement has already been delivered.
30 November – Winston Churchill becomes the first, and to the present day; the only UK Prime Minister to celebrate his eightieth birthday whilst in office.
25 December – 1954 Prestwick air disaster: BOAC Boeing 377 Stratocruiser G-ALSA crashes on landing at Prestwick Airport from London in poor visibility at 03:30, killing 28.
Undated – the first UK Wimpy Bar is opened at the Lyons Corner House in Coventry Street, London.
Publications
Kingsley Amis's first work of fiction, the comic campus novel Lucky Jim.
Agatha Christie's spy novel Destination Unknown.
Ian Fleming's James Bond spy novel Live and Let Die.
William Golding's first book, the dystopian allegorical novel Lord of the Flies.
C. S. Lewis's children's fantasy novel The Horse and His Boy, fifth of The Chronicles of Narnia.
Iris Murdoch's first work of fiction, the philosophical picaresque novel Under the Net.
Alan S. C. Ross's paper "Linguistic class-indicators in present-day English" in Neuphilologische Mitteilungen.
Rosemary Sutcliff's historical children's novel The Eagle of the Ninth illustrated by C. Walter Hodges, first in the series of the same name.
J. R. R. Tolkien's epic high fantasy novels The Fellowship of the Ring (29 July) and The Two Towers (11 November), the first two volumes of The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
Births
4 January – Dave Ulliott, professional poker player (died 2015)
6 January
Anthony Minghella, film director (died 2008)
Trudie Styler, actress and activist
10 January – John Gidman, footballer and manager
9 February – Kevin Warwick, scientist
16 February – Iain Banks, writer (died 2013)
20 February – Anthony Head, actor
22 January – Paul O'Brien, chemist (died 2018)
4 March – Willie Thorne, snooker player (died 2020)
8 March – David Wilkie, swimmer
13 March – Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos, politician
15 March – Clare Marx, surgeon (died 2022)
16 March – Jimmy Nail, singer, songwriter, actor, film producer, and television writer
17 March – Lesley-Anne Down, actress
24 March – Jude Kelly, arts administrator
30 March – Kari Blackburn, journalist (died 2007)
1 April – Arnold Sidebottom, footballer and cricketer
19 April – Trevor Francis, footballer
1 May – Archie Norman, politician and businessman
8 May – Gary Wilmot, entertainer
9 May – Andrew Dillon, businessman
14 May – Peter J. Ratcliffe, cellular biologist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
28 May – Andy Hamilton, comedian, director and screenwriter
10 July – Neil Tennant, musician
18 July – Peter Crane, English-American botanist and academic
2 August – Sammy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and football manager
11 August – Joe Jackson, singer
25 August – Elvis Costello, singer
26 August – Steve Wright, disc jockey
1 September – Richard Burden, politician
15 September – Colin Cunningham, swimmer
19 September – Mark Drakeford, Welsh politician
24 September – Helen Lederer, Welsh comedian and actress
3 November – Adam Ant, singer
8 November – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-born author, recipient of Nobel Prize in Literature
5 December – Hanif Kureishi, novelist and screenwriter
8 December – Louis de Bernières, author
25 December – Annie Lennox, singer
31 December – Alex Salmond, Scottish National Party leader and First Minister of Scotland
Deaths
18 January – Sydney Greenstreet, actor (born 1879)
20 January – Fred Root, cricketer (born 1890)
8 February – Ronald Stuart, Royal Navy captain, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1886)
4 March – John Dalzell Kenworthy, artist, sculptor and writer (born 1858)
26 March – James Peters, black rugby union international (born 1879)
29 April – K. C. Groom, fiction writer (born 1872)
6 May – B. C. Forbes, Scottish-born publisher (born 1880)
7 June – Alan Turing, mathematician, logician and cryptographer (born 1912)
9 June – Arthur Greenwood, politician (born 1880)
11 July – Henry Valentine Knaggs, physician and author (born 1859)
24 September – Edward Pilgrim, victim of bureaucracy (born 1904)
20 December – James Hilton, novelist (born 1900)
See also
1954 in British music
1954 in British television
List of British films of 1954
References
Years of the 20th century in the United Kingdom | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Q: Position polyfill sticky not working correctly with columns I am trying to make my sidebar sticky when the navbar touches the sidebar. However, it does not seem to be working for some reason I don't know if it is an issue with flexbox but I have no idea why it does not become sticky.
My HTML:
<div class='nav'><h1>Nav</h1></div>
<div class="container">
<div class="m01">
<div class="m01__grid">
<div class="m01__grid__text">
<h2>Tell me tommorrow</h2>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p><p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipijjsicing elit. Voluptates error aperiam ratione dolorem amet sequi iste et deserunt nisi laudantium, architecto quaerat necessitatibus suscipit est! Fugit illo vero et odio?</p>
</div>
<div class="m01__grid__sidebar">
<div class="m01__sidebar">
<h3 class="m01__sidebar__title">Sidebar</h3>
<a href="#!" class="m01__sidebar__links">This is a link</a>
<a href="#!" class="m01__sidebar__links">This is a link</a>
<a href="#!" class="m01__sidebar__links">This is a link</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
My CSS/Sass:
html,
body{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 90%;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 1107px;
position: relative;
}
.nav{
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
top:0;
background-color: grey;
height: 100px;
z-index: 9;
h1{
margin: 0;
}
}
.m01{
margin-top: 150px;
&__grid{
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
&__text{
width: calc(70% - 40px);
}
&__sidebar{
width: calc(30%);
}
}
&__sidebar{
position: sticky;
&__links{
display: block;
}
}
}
The codepen to my problem is https://codepen.io/mrsalami/pen/oNXQYOx. Any help will be appreciated.
A: Add offset on your sidebar, due to your nav.
&__sidebar{
position: sticky;
top: 100px;
&__links{
display: block;
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
85%66°45°Cloudy with a high of 64 °F (17.8 °C). Winds variable at 4 to 11 mph (6.4 to 17.7 kph).Night - Cloudy with a 85% chance of precipitation. Winds variable at 8 to 11 mph (12.9 to 17.7 kph). The overnight low will be 49 °F (9.4 °C).
Tonight - Cloudy with a 85% chance of precipitation. Winds variable at 8 to 11 mph (12.9 to 17.7 kph). The overnight low will be 49 °F (9.4 °C). | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections, particularly in premature neonates, and biofilm formation is a major virulence factor. We characterized biofilm formation by 50 S. epidermidis neonatal isolates under osmotic stress and evaluated the expression of biofilm-associated genes. Phenotypical analyses of biofilm production were performed in culture medium with or without addition of NaCl or glucose. In control medium (no additions), most isolates (84%) were nonproducers or weak biofilm producers. Growth in NaCl-containing medium increased the number of moderate/strong producers, and this increase was even greater in medium containing glucose. Most of the protein-enriched biofilms (60%) could be observed only during growth in glucose, whereas 50% of the polysaccharide-enriched biofilms were observed during growth in NaCl. Studies that evaluate the conditions used to characterize biofilm production are important to help us understand the dynamics of this important virulence factor in S. epidermidis and their impact on neonatal infections.
Ferreira RBR
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: rferreira@micro.ufrj.br.
Ferreira MCS
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: marcellec.ferreira@yahoo.com.br.
Glatthardt T
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: glatthardt.thais@gmail.com.
Silvério MP
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: myllenapsss@gmail.com.
Chamon RC
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: raianee@gmail.com.
Salgueiro VC
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: vivi.salgado@gmail.com.
Guimarães LC
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: lorraynecardog@yahoo.com.br.
Alves ES
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardoalvesufrj@gmail.com.
Dos Santos KRN
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: santoskrn@micro.ufrj.br.
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 94:4 2019 Aug pg 337-341
Ferreira, Rosana B R., et al. "Osmotic Stress Induces Biofilm Production By Staphylococcus Epidermidis Isolates From Neonates." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, vol. 94, no. 4, 2019, pp. 337-341.
Ferreira RBR, Ferreira MCS, Glatthardt T, et al. Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;94(4):337-341.
Ferreira, R. B. R., Ferreira, M. C. S., Glatthardt, T., Silvério, M. P., Chamon, R. C., Salgueiro, V. C., ... Dos Santos, K. R. N. (2019). Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 94(4), pp. 337-341. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.009.
Ferreira RBR, et al. Osmotic Stress Induces Biofilm Production By Staphylococcus Epidermidis Isolates From Neonates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;94(4):337-341. PubMed PMID: 30885396.
TY - JOUR T1 - Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates. AU - Ferreira,Rosana B R, AU - Ferreira,Marcelle C S, AU - Glatthardt,Thaís, AU - Silvério,Myllena Pereira, AU - Chamon,Raiane C, AU - Salgueiro,Vivian C, AU - Guimarães,Lorrayne Cardoso, AU - Alves,Eduardo Souza, AU - Dos Santos,Kátia R N, Y1 - 2019/02/20/ PY - 2018/10/30/received PY - 2019/01/30/revised PY - 2019/02/09/accepted PY - 2019/3/20/pubmed PY - 2019/3/20/medline PY - 2019/3/20/entrez KW - Biofilm production KW - Bloodstream infections KW - Nasal colonization KW - Neonates KW - Staphylococcus epidermidis KW - aap KW - ica SP - 337 EP - 341 JF - Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease JO - Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. VL - 94 IS - 4 N2 - Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections, particularly in premature neonates, and biofilm formation is a major virulence factor. We characterized biofilm formation by 50 S. epidermidis neonatal isolates under osmotic stress and evaluated the expression of biofilm-associated genes. Phenotypical analyses of biofilm production were performed in culture medium with or without addition of NaCl or glucose. In control medium (no additions), most isolates (84%) were nonproducers or weak biofilm producers. Growth in NaCl-containing medium increased the number of moderate/strong producers, and this increase was even greater in medium containing glucose. Most of the protein-enriched biofilms (60%) could be observed only during growth in glucose, whereas 50% of the polysaccharide-enriched biofilms were observed during growth in NaCl. Studies that evaluate the conditions used to characterize biofilm production are important to help us understand the dynamics of this important virulence factor in S. epidermidis and their impact on neonatal infections. SN - 1879-0070 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30885396/Osmotic_stress_induces_biofilm_production_by_Staphylococcus_epidermidis_isolates_from_neonates L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0732-8893(18)30577-7 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
Environmental regulation of biofilm formation in intensive care unit isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
[Phenotypic evaluation of hydrophobicity and the ability to produce biofilm in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from infected very-low-birthweight newborns].
Methicillin resistance and virulence genes in invasive and nasal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates.
[Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in biofilm production of Staphylococcus aureus isolates].
Role of the two-component regulatory system arlRS in ica operon and aap positive but non-biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from hospitalized patients.
Versatility of Biofilm Matrix Molecules in Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates and Importance of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Expression during High Shear Stress.
Biofilm and the role of the ica operon and aap in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates causing neurosurgical meningitis.
Biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates associated with device-related meningitis.
Does Extracellular DNA Production Vary in Staphylococcal Biofilms Isolated From Infected Implants versus Controls?
Comparative characterisation of the biofilm-production abilities of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human skin and platelet concentrates. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
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Keyword Analysis & Research: boston tea party and boston massacre
boston tea party and boston massacre 0.38 0.5 3093 26 36
boston 0.63 0.1 2370 58 6
tea 1.44 0.1 2300 80 3
party 0.4 1 7850 29 5
and 0.22 0.7 2106 64 3
massacre 0.03 0.5 6325 77 8
Keyword Research: People who searched boston tea party and boston massacre also searched
boston tea party and boston massacre 1.05 0.9 9001 33
boston massacre and boston tea party facts 1.21 0.3 825 64
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boston massacre boston tea party 1.99 0.1 2002 39
What was the punishment for the Boston Tea Party?
The British passed the Intolerable Acts as punishment for the Boston Tea Party. They closed the Boston Harbor demanding the city had to pay for the tea that had been dumped into the harbor.
What are facts about Boston Massacre?
Interesting Boston Massacre Facts: The Boston Massacre occurred in the evening on March 5th, 1770 on King Street in Boston. There was heavy military presence at the time, a result of the Townshend Act of 1767 which imposed taxes to help cover the cost of Britain's military assistance.
What is the story behind the Boston Tea Party?
Boston Tea Party, (December 16, 1773), incident in which 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company were thrown from ships into Boston Harbor by American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians. The Americans were protesting both a tax on tea (taxation without representation) and the perceived monopoly of the East India Company.
What was the cause and effect of the Boston Tea Party?
The cause of the Boston Tea Party was the colonists didn't want taxed tea. The effect was the Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped all the tea of three ships when they brought a new supply to the colonists.
Search Results related to boston tea party and boston massacre on Search Engine
Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party | Library
k12.ma.us
https://www.norwood.k12.ma.us/nhs/library/boston-massacre-and-boston-tea-party
Bostonians and British sentries guarding the Boston Customs House had a conflict on March 5, 1770, which became known as the Boston Massacre. Soldiers shot into the crowd after one of them was struck by a snowball, in spite of orders to not fire.
The Boston Tea Party and Massacre, Two Acts Leading to …
historythings.com
https://historythings.com/the-boston-tea-party-and-massacre-two-acts-leading-to-the-american-revolution/
Sep 24, 2019 · The Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre were two events that inspired the American Revolution, which later led to the independence of the thirteen colonies. Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773, nine o'clock at night. A group of around sixty men had dressed as native americans and snuck onto three British ships, the Dartmouth, […]
Boston Massacre & Tea Party
http://mrssteffan.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/3/6/11369480/boston_massacre__tea_party.pdf
The Boston Tea Party occurred on Thursday, December 16, 1773, and took 3 hours between 7 and 10 PM 90,000 lbs (45 tons) of tea in 342 containers was thrown overboard 116 people participated in the destruction of tea Each full container had a weight of 400 pounds. Half-containers were 100 pounds each The destroyed tea was worth an estimated £10,000.
Boston Massacre: Causes, Facts & Aftermath - HISTORY
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre
Oct 26, 2009 · Colonists continued to rebel after the Boston Massacre, including the historic Boston Tea Party. Bettmann Archive/Getty Images The Boston Massacre had a major impact on relations between Britain ...
Boston Tea Party - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party
The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. The Sons of Liberty strongly opposed the ta…
Readers ask: What prompted the boston massacre and …
lastfiascorun.com
https://lastfiascorun.com/interesting/readers-ask-what-prompted-the-boston-massacre-and-the-boston-tea-party.html
Mar 18, 2021 · The Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre were two events that inspired the American Revolution, which later led to the independence of the thirteen colonies. December 16, 1773, nine o'clock at night. The men dumped the tea into the water. The Boston Tea Party, it was later named.
Which happened first Boston Massacre or Tea Party
colors-newyork.com
https://colors-newyork.com/which-happened-first-boston-massacre-or-tea-party/
The Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre were two events that inspired the American Revolution, which later led to the independence of the thirteen colonies. December 16, 1773, nine o'clock at night. The men dumped the tea into the …
John Adams and The Boston Massacre | Boston Tea Party …
bostonteapartyship.com
https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/john-adams-boston-massacre
By the beginning of March, 1770, tensions seemed to reach a boiling point. On the evening of March 5, Private Hugh White was under assault by a crowd of boys throwing snowballs, oysters in their shells, stones and clubs.
gradesaver.com
http://www.gradesaver.com/johnny-tremain/q-and-a/how-did-parliment-punish-boston-for-her-tea-party-97307/
softschools.com
http://www.softschools.com/facts/history/boston_massacre_facts/1025/
https://www.britannica.com/event/Boston-Tea-Party
prezi.com
https://prezi.com/ewkihoyqqqa4/cause-and-effect-of-the-boston-tea-party/ | {
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Models and Methods for Confirmation Catechesis in Catholic Youth Ministry
Religious Values and Young People: Analysis of the Perception of Students from Secular and Religious Schools (Salesian Pedagogical Model)
10.3390/rel11080416
Apollo, M.
Wengel, Y.
Schänzel, H.
Musa, G.
Hinduism, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health: What Are the Health Hazards for Religious Tourists at Hindu Temples?
Michal Apollo
Yana Wengel
Heike Schänzel
Ghazali Musa
Department of Tourism and Regional Studies, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
Hainan University–Arizona State University Joint International Tourism College (HAITC), Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
School of Hospitality and Tourism, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Business Strategy and Policy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Religions 2020, 11(8), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11080416
Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 / Published: 13 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religion, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health)
Browse Figure
This exploratory ethnographic study aims to understand the visitation experience and to identify health hazards at pilgrimage sites in India. Specifically, this research aims to assess the tourism potential of holy Hindu temple sites located along well-known pilgrimage routes. During our fieldwork, we visited several of the most significant Hindu temples in India. Framed by a critical ethnography lens, our study used unstructured interviews with local stakeholders, as well as observations and reflexive notes. The findings revealed that most of the temples have serious safety, hygiene, accessibility, and environmental issues. A lack of action could lead to serious consequences for locals and tourists. For example, important for tourism, warnings of pandemics have been sounded over the years, and disease pandemics originating in India may only be a matter of time. We propose some immediate solutions and areas for future research. View Full-Text
Keywords: ethnographic study; health hazards; heritage protection; Hindu temples; management implications; pilgrimage tourism; pilgrims' safety; public health ethnographic study; health hazards; heritage protection; Hindu temples; management implications; pilgrimage tourism; pilgrims' safety; public health
Apollo, M.; Wengel, Y.; Schänzel, H.; Musa, G. Hinduism, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health: What Are the Health Hazards for Religious Tourists at Hindu Temples? Religions 2020, 11, 416.
Apollo M, Wengel Y, Schänzel H, Musa G. Hinduism, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health: What Are the Health Hazards for Religious Tourists at Hindu Temples? Religions. 2020; 11(8):416.
Apollo, Michal; Wengel, Yana; Schänzel, Heike; Musa, Ghazali. 2020. "Hinduism, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health: What Are the Health Hazards for Religious Tourists at Hindu Temples?" Religions 11, no. 8: 416.
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The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal Religions are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Q: Why is a slice category a category? I don't understand why the Hom-sets in a slice category are disjoint.
Let $C$ be a category and $A$ an object of $C$, then the slice category $C_{A}$ has as objects all morphisms $f\colon Z \to A $ where $Z$ is an object of $C$.
For two objects of $C_A$, $f_1 \colon Z_1 \to A$ and $f_2 \colon Z_2 \to A$, the elements of $Hom_{C_A}(f_1,f_2)$ are given by the elements of $\sigma \in Hom_{C}(Z_1,Z_2)$ that satisfy $f_1=f_2 \circ \sigma$.
The definition of a category entails that $Hom_{C_A}(f,g)$ and $Hom_{C_A}(f',g')$ have to be disjoint unless $(f,g)=(f',g')$.
Now let $Z$ be an object in $C$ and let $f_1,f_2 \in Hom_{C}(Z,A)$ such that $f_1 \neq f_2$
Then the identity morphism $id_Z \in Hom_C(Z,Z)$ satisfies $f_1=f_1\circ id_Z$ and $f_2=f_2\circ id_Z$.
Hence $id_Z \in Hom_{C_A}(f_1,f_1)$ and $id_Z \in Hom_{C_A}(f_2,f_2)$, implying that $C_A$ is not a category.
What am i getting wrong here? I've had this problem since i read the definition of a slice category in Aluffi's book, which i find a bit unclear.
At first i thought that maybe the morphisms contain the information of their source and target and that instead of elements in $Hom_C(f_1,f_2)$ they would be something like tuples of the form $(f_1,f_2,\sigma)$ where $\sigma \in Hom_C(f_1,f_2)$.
But according to the definition given on Wikipedia for example (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_category#Definition), this doesn't seem to be the case.
A: There are two ways you can define the morphism part of a category $\mathcal{C}$. Either:
*
*Define a set $\mathrm{mor}(\mathcal{C})$ of morphisms and functions $\mathrm{dom}, \mathrm{cod} : \mathrm{mor}(\mathcal{C}) \to \mathrm{ob}(\mathcal{C})$; or
*Define sets $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$ for each $A,B \in \mathrm{ob}(\mathcal{C})$.
To translate from the first definition into the second, you can define $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$ to be $\{ f \in \mathrm{mor}(\mathcal{C}) \mid \mathrm{dom}(f) = A \text{ and } \mathrm{cod}(f) = B \}$. Then the hom sets are automatically disjoint since the domain and codomain are encoded in the morphism.
In the second case, however, the hom sets don't need to be disjoint, since we haven't explicitly required disjointness of the hom sets. Thus the second case is more general than the first case. This is why some people require hom sets to be disjoint—namely, so that $\mathrm{dom}(f)$ and $\mathrm{cod}(f)$ are well-defined.
However, you can always turn a specification of a category without disjoint hom sets into a specification of a category with disjoint hom sets, by replacing $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$ by $\{A\} \times \{ B \} \times \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$, so that a morphism $f : A \to B$ is then 'officially' a triple $(A,B,f)$.
This is equivalent to defining $\mathrm{mor}(\mathcal{C})$ to be the disjoint union $\bigsqcup\limits_{(A,B) \in \mathrm{ob}(\mathcal{C}) \times \mathrm{ob}(\mathcal{C})} \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$ and taking $\mathrm{dom}$ and $\mathrm{cod}$ to be the respective projection maps to $\mathrm{ob}(\mathcal{C})$.
Under this encoding, a morphism $\sigma : (f_1 : Z_1 \to A) \to (f_2 : Z_2 \to A)$ in $\mathcal{C}/A$ is 'officially' a triple $(f_1,f_2,\sigma)$ where $\sigma : Z_1 \to Z_2$ and $f_2 \circ \sigma = f_1$. The morphisms $\mathrm{id}_Z : f_1 \to f_1$ and $\mathrm{id}_Z : f_2 \to f_2$ are then 'officially' triples $(f_1,f_1,\mathrm{id}_Z)$ and $(f_2,f_2,\mathrm{id}_Z)$, so you don't have any issues.
However, in practice, it's easier to define $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$ without worrying about whether the hom sets are disjoint, and rest easy with the knowledge that the hom sets could be made disjoint if you wanted them to be.
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As They Ponder Presidential Runs, Bennet, Hickenlooper Try To Make Hay In Iowa
http://northdenvernews.com/a-look-back-on-hickenlooper-as-denver-mayor/
http://hickenlooper.info/hickenlooper-for-mayor-a-look-back-at-his-campaign-and-early-tenure-as-denvers-mayor/
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/as-they-ponder-presidential-runs-bennet-hickenlooper-try-to-make-hay-in-iowa
Although they share Colorado as a backdrop, John Hickenlooper said it would be wrong to push the idea that he and Michael Bennet are one and the same. "I'm not going to try and point out where I'm better than he is, or where he's not sufficient," Colorado's former governor said of the state's current Democratic Senator. "But we have different world views and different experiences… we're two distinct voices trying to make sense out of how do you bring this country back in the right direction, back together."
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Cory Gardner and other GOP senators to watch on Trump's emergency declaration
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The fight over President Donald Trump's U.S.-Mexico border wall is heading to the GOP-controlled Senate, putting Republicans in the uncomfortable spot of deciding whether to back his declaration of a national emergency. Enough Republicans are chewing over whether to support Trump's plan to create suspense about the vote and how the issue will play in the 2020 elections. Their objections range from constitutional to pragmatic, with many seeing Trump's plan as a slap at Congress' control over federal spending. Sixteen states have already sued.
Immigrants here illegally were waiting until near death to get dialysis. A new Colorado policy changes that.
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/25/undocumented-immigrants-dialysis-colorado-medicaid-policy/
People whose kidneys have failed typically hook up to dialysis machines three times a week, flushing fluids and toxins from their blood. It's how they avoid heart failure and death. But for those without health insurance who are living in the country illegally, that hasn't been an option in Colorado and most other states. Instead, those patients show up in emergency departments about once a week, in a condition so dire that federal law requires they receive emergency treatment.
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What do people in Colorado think about AOC's proposed marginal tax rate increase on the ultra-rich?
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Sen. Cory Gardner in Junction to talk about helping our veterans
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Crisanta Duran rethinking 2020 Senate bid, eyeing possible primary against Diana DeGette
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/22/crisanta-duran-2020-degette/
Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran, long seen as a favorite to challenge Republican U.S. Sen. Cory Gardner in 2020, is rethinking that path and is engaged in serious talks about a Democratic primary run against longtime U.S. Rep. Diana DeGette in Colorado's 1st Congressional District, according to more than a half a dozen sources with knowledge of those talks. What Duran will do remains unclear. "No final decisions have been made," she texted on Friday, when The Independent contacted her for comment about the 2020 Senate race and her potential run against DeGette.
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran launches primary challenge to Democrat Diana DeGette
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/24/crisanta-duran-primary-challenge-diana-degette/
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Duran to challenge DeGette for Congress
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/former-colorado-house-speaker-duran-to-challenge-degette-for-congress/article_a8283728-389d-11e9-bc58-0772cda75342.html
RELATED: Crisanta Duran to challenge incumbent Rep. Diana DeGette in 2020
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/local-politics/crisanta-duran-to-challenge-incumbent-rep-diana-degette-in-2020/73-28097070-7b55-412a-97e8-39773e1284fd
RELATED: Crisanta Duran to challenge Rep. Diana DeGette in 2020
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/crisanta-duran-to-challenge-rep-diana-degette-in-2020/
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran announces primary challenge to Rep. Diana DeGette
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/politics/former-colorado-house-speaker-crisanta-duran-announces-primary-challenge-to-rep-diana-degette
Brittany Pettersen: It Could Be Years Before Legislature Considers Safe-Use Sites
https://www.westword.com/news/safe-use-site-bill-may-not-be-seen-at-colorado-statehouse-for-years-11241640
This week, Brittany Pettersen, the Democratic senator spearheading legislation that would have allowed safe-use sites in Colorado — facilities where individuals can use drugs such as heroin in a medically supervised setting intended to prevent overdoses — announced that she wouldn't introduce the bill this year. Pettersen's decision means that Denver can't have safe-use sites, which City Council approved last November pending statewide legislation.
Colorado lawmaker wants to make it harder for parents to opt out of vaccinations
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/colorado-lawmaker-wants-to-make-it-harder-for-parents-to-opt-out-of-vaccinations
Colorado has the lowest rate of vaccinations in the nation, with less than 89 percent of kindergarteners receiving vaccinations to prevent illness such as measles and bumps — far less than the national average and 95 percent threshold needed to prevent an outbreak. "To hear that we were last in the entire country was concerning, it was embarrassing," said Rep. Kyle Mullica, D-Northglenn. "This is not a political issue, this is about our kids being safe."
'Red flag' bill proponents say it would have impact on victims of domestic violence
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/red-flag-bill-proponents-say-it-would-have-impact-on-victims-of-domestic-violence/
State lawmakers are considering what's known as a "red flag" bill, which would allow the seizure of weapons from persons deemed by a court to pose a significant risk to themselves or to others. Red Flag legislation is often associated with mental health issues and mass shootings. Colorado's attorney general believes it could also be lifesaving for victims of domestic violence.
RELATED: Colorado 'Red Flag' Gun Bill Passes 1st Hearing
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/colorado-red-flag-gun-bill-passes-1st-hearing/
RELATED: What Colorado can learn from "red flag" gun laws in other states as lawmakers debate passing their own version
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/25/gun-laws-red-flag-colorado/
RELATED: 'Red flag' bill renewing fight over gun control
https://www.chieftain.com/news/20190223/red-flag-bill-renewing-fight-over-gun-control
Capitol Business Preview: A trio of significant health-care bills up for debate
https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2019/02/25/capitol-business-preview-health-care-bills.html
Arguably the most controversial of them is House Bill 1168 from Democratic Rep. Julie McCluskie of Dillon and Republican Rep. Janice Rich of Grand Junction, which would create a reinsurance program that would cover a portion of the costs of the largest medical claims and, in doing so, allow insurers to reduce the premiums of individual health plans, which are particularly pricey because of the risks associated with them. The controversy this year stems from the source of funding for the program — a limitation on what hospitals can charge privately insured patients on individual plans in some instances.
RELATED: More than half of Coloradans face health care affordability burdens as advocates call for more regulations
https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2019/02/22/coloradans-health-care-affordability-burden.html
RELATED: Study shows most Coloradans believe current healthcare system is flawed
https://www.9news.com/video/news/local/next/study-shows-most-coloradans-believe-current-healthcare-system-is-flawed/73-2054e656-eab2-4c11-a31b-6cb3b4e45b37
Republicans to urge Polis to veto national popular vote bill
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/republicans-to-urge-polis-to-veto-national-popular-vote-bill/article_959125b8-36f7-11e9-9a6a-0b7ecfd3f26a.html
Bill seeks minimum of two-person crew on all freight trains
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/bill-seeks-minimum-of-two-person-crew-on-all-freight/article_06d92fce-37ff-11e9-ad20-20677ce06c14.html
Proposed Colorado bill would limit the use of plastic straws at restaurants
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/25/proposed-colorado-bill-would-limit-the-use-of-plastic-straws-at-restaurants/
Measure to curb teen vaping advances in Senate
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/measure-to-curb-teen-vaping-advances-in-senate/article_c1ea4edc-3733-11e9-b7ca-20677ce85d90.html
Colorado lawmakers hope winter-driving bill gains traction
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/colorado-lawmakers-hope-winter-driving-bill-gains-traction/article_1a2d1024-36cc-11e9-aecc-83cfdf7169a2.html
Fracking Reforms Are Coming to the Capitol — and So Is a Climate Bill
https://www.westword.com/news/colorado-democrats-will-soon-unveil-climate-change-and-fracking-reforms-bills-11241932
Measure to ban conversion therapy advances
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/measure-to-ban-conversion-therapy-advances/article_079f4b0a-37ff-11e9-ad2a-20677ce06c14.html
Colorado could expand lunch subsidy to high school students
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-could-expand-lunch-subsidy-to-high-school-students/article_13eb4b0e-38fc-11e9-bdcb-7b02fbf203fb.html
Could another prison, parole reform help solve Colorado's prison capacity crisis?
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/22/could-another-prison-parole-reform-help-solve-colorados-prison-capacity-crisis/
Colorado GOP to propose internal bylaws to avoid 'badge fee' law
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/colorado-gop-to-propose-internal-bylaws-to-avoid-badge-fee/article_43adf020-379a-11e9-ae21-676b263b906a.html
COLORADO STATEHOUSE ROUNDUP | CoPo's coverage of Capitol action, Feb. 16-22
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-statehouse-roundup-copo-s-coverage-of-capitol-action-feb/article_ecdd975e-36dc-11e9-b331-e3933665874a.html
THIS WEEK AT THE COLORADO CAPITOL | Feb. 25 – March 1
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/hot-sheet/this-week-at-the-colorado-capitol-feb—march/article_1d44d0ae-3892-11e9-9b83-23bfbbfe2503.html
RELATED: This Week in the Legislature, Feb. 25, 2019
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/this-week-in-the-legislature-feb/article_c5df1522-38cd-11e9-b2ba-20677ce85d90.html
Colorado Law Allowing 16-Year-Olds To Pre-Register To Vote May Become Model For U.S.
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/colorado-register-vote-drivers-license/
Colorado disability community mourns loss of advocate Carrie Ann Lucas
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-disability-community-mourns-loss-of-advocate-carrie-ann-lucas/article_00faa94c-3882-11e9-842b-2bcb95b714d7.html
Carrie Ann Lucas, a disability advocate who was a familiar sight at the Colorado Capitol for years, has died after a long illness. Lucas was 46 and the parent of four disabled children. She was also an attorney and well-known activist for the rights of the disabled. Lucas had a rare form of muscular dystrophy that began to show up in her teens.
RELATED: Pioneering disability rights attorney Carrie Ann Lucas dies
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/24/griego-carrie-ann-lucas-disability-rights/
RELATED: Well-known Colorado disability rights activist dies at 47
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/well-known-colorado-disability-rights-activist-dies-at-47/73-baa9f01d-2c14-4be8-ad67-90030a8e9b50
"Our families need answers": Feds commit to test people for toxic "forever chemicals" near military bases in Colorado, 7 other states
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/25/chemicals-testing-colorado-military-bases/
Climate change talk stirs debate
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/climate-change-talk-stirs-debate/article_125ee39c-3733-11e9-adf4-20677ce07cb4.html
Elk vs. trails: Proposal in Steamboat Springs highlights conflicts over public lands
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/24/steamboat-springs-trails-elk-routt-forest/
Public-land grazing fees at lowest legal level
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/public-land-grazing-fees-at-lowest-legal-level/article_508988a4-37fe-11e9-9d55-20677ce05640.html
"It's nightmarish": Colorado faces meager budget in fight against I-70 ski traffic
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/23/colorado-i70-traffic-solutions-construction/
Central 70 Project: Stapleton Drive North Closed For 6 Months
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/central-70-project-stapleton-drive-north-closed-for-6-months/
Colorado transit service Bustang is short on drivers
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/template-ap-story
RELATED: Bustang popularity continues to climb in Colorado as driver shortage intensifies
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/24/bustang-driver-shortage-ridership-cdot/
BlacKkKlansman's CO Springs Oscars Name-Check Brings Publicity, Shame
https://www.westword.com/news/blackkklansmans-oscars-2019-colorado-springs-name-check-brings-publicity-shame-11245240
RELATED: 'BlacKkKlansman' producers asked about filming in Colo., but state lacked incentive money
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/blackkklansman-producers-asked-about-filming-in-colo-but-state-lacked-incentive-money
Denver's Globeville neighborhood resists tiny home village
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/denvers-globeville-neighborhood-resists-tiny-home-village/
Fort Carson's privately managed housing isn't safe, residents say
https://www.csindy.com/TheWire/archives/2019/02/22/fort-carsons-privately-managed-housing-isnt-safe-residents-say
Denver business owner refuses to shoot gay wedding over 'personal religious beliefs'
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/denver-wedding-videographer-refuses-to-shoot-gay-wedding-over-personal-religious-beliefs
With strike over, Denver teachers turn their attention to this year's school board election
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/23/denver-teachers-school-board-election/
Colorado's universities are catering to out-of-state students. Is their public mission at risk?
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/25/colorado-universities-out-of-state-enrollment/
Supreme Court ruling puts civil asset forfeiture in question
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/next/supreme-court-ruling-puts-civil-asset-forfeiture-in-question/73-d53ab6d1-2c5f-4d67-9c6b-721447b131a1
Media: Denver police want to block radio chatter from the public— but not selected news outlets?
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/22/colorado-media-journalism-8/
Untraceable, unregulated and easy to build: Colorado and the increasing popularity of 'ghost guns'
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/untraceable-unregulated-and-easy-to-build-colorado-and-the-increasing-popularity-of-ghost-guns
Victims of Colorado Planned Parenthood shooting can sue
https://www.9news.com/article/news/crime/victims-of-colorado-planned-parenthood-shooting-can-sue/73-5662fc92-2321-48ac-8955-786b4071d621
A look at hate crimes in Denver and why they're so hard to prosecute
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/a-look-at-hate-crimes-in-denver-and-why-theyre-so-hard-to-prosecute/73-d45edcd8-470d-4b03-832a-d4a6b61e798e
Activist says Jamie Giellis lying about role in homeless tiny houses project
SAFE Banking Act for marijuana businesses to get another go in Congress | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Iradj Alexander (born September 17, 1975 in Locarno) is a race car driver.
From 2001 until 2004 he competed in the FIA GT Championship for JMB Ferrari, although 2002 was his only full season. He also competed in the American Le Mans Series (2003), French GT Championship (2001) and Barber Dodge Pro Series (1999). In 1996 he won his only championship, coming out on top in Swiss Formula Ford.
In 2007 Iradj Alexander races in the Le Mans Series, engaged by the new team Swiss Spirit. Alexander joins Jean-Denis Delétraz and Marcel Fässler in Monza.
Alexander fulfills Lola B07 Audi's search to represent each linguistic area of Switzerland.
Complete motorsports results
American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)
Barber Dodge Pro Series
24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Iradj Alexander's site
Swiss racing drivers
Living people
French Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
1975 births
European Le Mans Series drivers
International GT Open drivers
Barber Pro Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
People from Locarno
24H Series drivers
Sportspeople from Ticino
Rebellion Racing drivers
AF Corse drivers
Le Mans Cup drivers | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
package com.badlogic.gdx.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle;
/** Generates the gdx.gwt.xml file by running through the gdx/src/ directory and cross-referencing it with the gdx-backends-gwt
* directory.
* @author mzechner */
public class GwtModuleGenerator {
private static void gatherJavaFiles (FileHandle dir, Set<String> names, Map<String, FileHandle> fileHandles, boolean recursive) {
if (dir.name().equals(".svn")) return;
FileHandle[] files = dir.list();
for (FileHandle file : files) {
if (file.isDirectory() && recursive) {
gatherJavaFiles(file, names, fileHandles, recursive);
} else {
if (file.extension().equals("java")) {
System.out.println(file.name());
if (names.contains(file.name())) System.out.println(file.name() + " duplicate!");
names.add(file.name());
fileHandles.put(file.name(), file);
}
}
}
}
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
Set<String> excludes = new HashSet<String>();
Map<String, FileHandle> excludesHandles = new HashMap<String, FileHandle>();
System.out.println("Excludes -------------------------------------------------");
gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("../backends/gdx-backends-gwt/src/com/badlogic/gdx/backends/gwt/emu/com/badlogic/gdx"),
excludes, excludesHandles, true);
System.out.println("#" + excludes.size());
// build and shared library loading utils
excludes.add("GdxBuild.java");
excludes.add("GdxNativesLoader.java");
excludes.add("GwtModuleGenerator.java");
excludes.add("SharedLibraryLoader.java");
// native pixmap routines
excludes.add("Gdx2DPixmap.java");
excludes.add("PixmapIO.java");
excludes.add("ETC1.java");
excludes.add("ETC1TextureData.java");
excludes.add("ScreenUtils.java");
// remote input
excludes.add("RemoteInput.java");
excludes.add("RemoteSender.java");
// tiled support
excludes.add("TiledLoader.java"); // FIXME?
excludes.add("TileMapRendererLoader.java"); // FIXME?
// various utils
excludes.add("AtomicQueue.java");
excludes.add("LittleEndianInputStream.java");
excludes.add("PauseableThread.java");
excludes.add("DesktopClipboard.java");
excludes.add("AndroidClipboard.java");
// scene2d ui package
// gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("src/com/badlogic/gdx/scenes/scene2d/ui"), excludes, excludesHandles, true);
Set<String> includes = new HashSet<String>();
Map<String, FileHandle> includesHandles = new TreeMap<String, FileHandle>();
System.out.println("Includes -------------------------------------------------");
gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("src"), includes, includesHandles, true);
System.out.println("#" + includes.size());
for (String include : includes) {
if (!excludes.contains(include)) continue;
FileHandle includeFile = includesHandles.get(include);
FileHandle excludeFile = excludesHandles.get(include);
includesHandles.remove(include);
System.out.println("excluded '" + include + "'");
}
System.out.println("diff: " + includesHandles.size());
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
writer.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
XmlWriter builder = new XmlWriter(writer);
builder.element("module").attribute("rename-to", "com.badlogic.gdx");
builder.element("inherits").attribute("name", "com.esotericsoftware.tablelayout").pop();
builder.element("source").attribute("path", "gdx");
for (String include : includesHandles.keySet()) {
String name = includesHandles.get(include).path().replace("\\", "/").replace("src/com/badlogic/gdx/", "");
builder.element("include").attribute("name", name).pop();
}
// duplicate names...
builder.element("include").attribute("name", "graphics/g2d/Animation.java").pop();
builder.element("include").attribute("name", "graphics/g3d/Animation.java").pop();
builder.pop();
builder.pop();
builder.close();
System.out.println(writer);
new FileHandle("src/com/badlogic/gdx.gwt.xml").writeString(writer.toString(), false);
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.jxq</groupId>
<artifactId>utility</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>utility</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.8.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
Let $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ be a connected undirected graph, with $V$ at most countable and each vertex $x\in V$ of finite degree. We do not allow self-loops, however the edges might be multiple. Given $e\in E$ an edge, we will denote
$e_{+}$ and $e_{-}$ its end-vertices, even though $e$ is non-oriented and one can interchange $e_{+}$ and $e_{-}$.
Each edge $e\in E$ is endowed with a conductance $W_{e}>0$. There may be a killing measure $\kappa=(\kappa_{x})_{x\in V}$ on vertices.
We consider $(X_{t})_{t\ge0}$ the \textit{Markov jump processes} on $V$ which being in $x\in V$, jumps along an adjacent edge $e$ with rate $W_{e}$. Moreover if
$\kappa_{x}\neq 0$, the process is killed at $x$ with rate $\kappa_{x}$ (the process is not defined after that time). $\zeta$ will denote the time up to which $X_{t}$ is defined. If $\zeta<+\infty$, then either the process has been killed by the killing measure $\kappa$ (and $\kappa \not\equiv 0$) or it has gone off to infinity in finite time
(and $V$ infinite). We will assume that the process $X$ is transient, which means, if $V$ is finite, that
$\kappa\not\equiv 0$. $\mathbb{P}_{x}$ will denote the law of $X$ started from $x$.
Let $(G(x,y))_{x,y\in V}$ be the Green function of $X_{t}$:
\begin{displaymath}
G(x,y)=G(y,x)=\mathbb{E}_{x}\left[\int_{0}^{\zeta} 1_{\{X_{t}=y\}} dt\right].
\end{displaymath}
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be the Dirichlet form defined on functions $f$ on $V$ with finite support:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Dirichlet-form}
\mathcal{E}(f,)=\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{e\in E}W_e(f(e_{+})-f(e_{-}))^{2}.
\end{eqnarray}
$P_{\varphi}$ will be the law of $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$ the centred
\textit{Gaussian free field} (GFF) on $V$ with covariance
$E_{\varphi}[\varphi_{x}\varphi_{y}]=G(x,y)$. In case $V$ is finite, the density of $P_{\varphi}$ is
\begin{displaymath}
\dfrac{1}{(2\pi)^{\frac{\vert V\vert}{2}}\sqrt{\det G}}
\exp\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\mathcal{E}(f,f)\right)\prod_{x\in V} df_{x}.
\end{displaymath}
Given $U$ a finite subset of $V$, and $f$ a function on $U$, $P^{U,f}_{\varphi}$ will denote the law of
the GFF $\varphi$ conditioned to equal $f$ on $U$.
$(\ell_{x}(t))_{x\in V, t\in [0,\zeta]}$ will denote the family of local times of $X$:
\begin{displaymath}
\ell_{x}(t)=\int_{0}^{t}1_{\{X_{s}=x\}} ds.
\end{displaymath}
For all $x\in V$, $u>0$, let
\begin{displaymath}
\tau_{u}^{x}=\inf\lbrace t\geq 0; \ell_{x}(t)>u\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
Recall the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem on discrete graphs by Eisenbaum, Kaspi, Marcus, Rosen and Shi \cite{ekmrs} (see also
\cite{MarcusRosen2006MarkovGaussianLocTime,Sznitman2012LectureIso}):
\begin{2ndRK}
For any $u>0$ and $x_{0}\in V$,
\begin{center}
$\left(\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})+\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)\otimes P^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,0}_{\varphi}$
\end{center}
has the same law as
\begin{center}
$\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $P^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}_{\varphi}$.
\end{center}
\end{2ndRK}
Sabot and Tarrès showed in \cite{SabotTarres2015RK} that the so-called ``magnetized'' reverse Vertex-Reinforced Jump Process provides an inversion of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem, in the sense that it enables to retrieve the law of $(\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0}), \varphi^2_x)_{x\in V}$ conditioned on $\left(\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0})+\frac{1}{2}\varphi^2_x\right)_{x\in V}$. The jump rates of that latter process can be interpreted as the two-point functions of the Ising model associated to the time-evolving weights.
However in \cite{SabotTarres2015RK} the link with the Ising model is only implicit, and a natural question is whether Ray-Knight inversion can be described in a simpler form if we enlarge the state space of the dynamics, and in particular include the ``hidden'' spin variables.
The answer is positive, and goes through an extension of the Ray-Knight isomorphism introduced by Lupu \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, which couples the sign of the GFF to the path of the Markov chain. The Ray-Knight inversion will turn out to take a rather simple form in Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} of the present paper, where it will be defined not only through the spin variables but also random currents associated to the field though an extra Poisson Point Process.
The paper is organised as follows.
In Section \ref{sec:srk} we recall some background on loop soup isomorphisms and on related couplings and state and prove a signed version of generalized second Ray-Knight theorem. We begin in Section \ref{sec:lejan} by a statement of Le Jan's isomorphism which couples the square of the Gaussian Free Field to the loop soups, and recall how the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem can be seen as its Corollary: for more details see \cite{lejan4}. In Subsection \ref{sec:lupu} we state Lupu's isomorphism which extends Le Jan's isomorphism and couples the sign of the GFF to the loop soups, using a cable graph extension of the GFF and Markov Chain. Lupu's isomorphism yields an interesting realisation of the well-known FK-Ising coupling, and provides as well a ``Current+Bernoulli=FK'' coupling lemma \cite{lupu-werner}, which occur in the relationship between the discrete and cable graph versions. We briefly recall those couplings in Sections \ref{fkising} and \ref{randomcurrent}, as they are implicit in this paper. In Section \ref{sec:glupu} we state and prove the generalized second Ray-Knight ``version'' of Lupu's isomorphism, which we aim to invert.
Section \ref{sec:inversion} is devoted to the statements of inversions of those isomorphisms. We state in Section \ref{sec_Poisson} a signed version of the inversion of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem through an extra Poisson Point Process, namely Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}. In Section \ref{sec_dicr_time} we provide a discrete-time description of the process, whereas in Section \ref{sec_jump} we yield an alternative version of that process through jump rates, which can be seen as an annealed version of the first one. We deduce a signed inversion of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soups in Section \ref{sec:lejaninv}, and an inversion of the coupling of random current with FK-Ising in Section \ref{sec:coupinv}
Finally Section \ref{sec:proof} is devoted to the proof of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}: Section \ref{sec:pfinite} deals with the case of a finite graph without killing measure, and Section \ref{sec:pgen} deduces the proof in the general case.
\section{Le Jan's and Lupu's isomorphisms}
\label{sec:srk}
\subsection{Loop soups and Le Jan's isomorphism}
\label{sec:lejan}
The \textit{loop measure} associated to the Markov jump process
$(X_{t})_{0\leq t<\zeta}$ is defined as follows. Let $\mathbb{P}^{t}_{x,y}$ be the bridge probability measure from
$x$ to $y$ in time $t$ (conditionned on $t<\zeta$). Let $p_{t}(x,y)$ be the transition probabilities of
$(X_{t})_{0\leq t<\zeta}$.
Let $\mu_{\rm loop}$ be the measure on time-parametrised nearest-neighbour based loops (i.e. loops with a starting site)
\begin{displaymath}
\mu_{\rm loop}=\sum_{x\in V}\int_{t>0}\mathbb{P}^{t}_{x,x} p_{t}(x,x) \dfrac{dt}{t}.
\end{displaymath}
The loops will be considered here up to a rotation of parametrisation (with the corresponding pushforward measure induced by $\mu_{\rm loop}$), that is to say a loop $(\gamma(t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}$ will be the same as
$(\gamma(T+t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}-T}\circ (\gamma(T+t-t_{\gamma}))_{t_{\gamma}-T\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}$, where $\circ$ denotes the concatenation of paths.
A \textit{loop soup} of intensity $\alpha>0$, denoted
$\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$, is a Poisson random measure of intensity
$\alpha \mu_{\rm loop}$. We see it as a random collection of loops in $\mathcal{G}$. Observe that a.s. above each vertex
$x\in V$, $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ contains infinitely many trivial "loops" reduced to the vertex $x$. There are also with positive probability non-trivial loop that visit several vertices.
Let $L_{.}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ be the \textit{occupation field} of $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ on $V$ i.e., for all $x\in V$,
\begin{displaymath}
L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})=
\sum_{(\gamma(t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}\in\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}}
\int_{0}^{t_{\gamma}}1_{\{\gamma(t)=x\}} dt.
\end{displaymath}
In \cite{LeJan2011Loops} Le Jan shows that for transient Markov jump processes, $L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})<+\infty$ for all $x\in V$ a.s. For $\alpha=\frac{1}{2}$ he identifies the law of
$L_.(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$:
\begin{IsoLeJan}
$L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})=\left(L_x(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})\right)_{x\in V}$ has the same law as
$\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $P_{\varphi}$.
\end{IsoLeJan}
Let us briefly recall how Le Jan's isomorphism enables one to retrieve the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem stated in Section \ref{SecIntro}: for more details, see for instance \cite{lejan4}. We assume that $\kappa$ is supported by $x_0$: the general case can be dealt with by an argument similar to the proof of Proposition \ref{PropKillingCase}.
Let $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$, and note that the isomorphism in particular implies that $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})=u$ has the same law as $\varphi^2/2$ conditionally on $\varphi_{x_0}^2/2=u$.
On the one hand, given the classical energy decomposition, we have $\varphi=\varphi^D+\varphi_{x_0}$, with $\varphi^D$ the GFF associated to the restriction of $\mathcal{E}$ to $D$, where $\varphi^D$ and $\varphi_{x_0}$ are independent. Now $\varphi^2/2$ conditionally on $\varphi_{x_0}^2/2=u$ has the law of $(\varphi^D+\eta\sqrt{2u})^2/2$, where $\eta$ is the sign of $\varphi_{x_0}$, which is independent of $\varphi^D$. But $\varphi^D$ is symmetric, so that the latter also has the law of $(\varphi^D+\sqrt{2u})^2/2$.
On the other hand, the loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}$ can be decomposed into the two independent loop soups $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^D$ contained in $D$ and $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)}$ hitting $x_0$. Now $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^D)$ has the law of $(\varphi^D)^2/2$ and $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)})$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)})=u$ has the law of the occupation field of the Markov chain $\ell(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)$, which enables us to conclude.
\subsection{Lupu's isomorphism}
\label{sec:lupu}
As in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, we consider the \textit{metric graph} $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$ associated to $\mathcal{G}$. Each edge $e$ is replaced by a continuous line of length
$\frac{1}{2}W_{e}^{-1}$.
The GFF $\varphi$ on $\mathcal{G}$ with law $P_\varphi$ can be extended to a GFF $\tilde{\varphi}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$ as follows. Given $e\in E$, one considers inside $e$ a conditionally independent Brownian bridge, actually a bridge of a $\sqrt{2} \times$
\textit{standard Brownian motion}, of length $\frac{1}{2}W_{e}^{-1}$, with end-values
$\varphi_{e_{-}}$ and $\varphi_{e_{+}}$. This provides a continuous field on the metric graph which satisfies the spatial Markov property.
Similarly one can define a standard Brownian motion $(B^{\tilde{\mathcal{G}}})_{0\le t\le \tilde{\zeta}}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, whose trace on $\mathcal{G}$ indexed by the local times at $V$ has the same law as the Markov process $(X_t)_{t\ge0}$ on $V$ with jump rate $W_e$ to an adjacent edge $e$ up to time $\zeta$, as explained in Section 2 of \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}. One can associate a measure on time-parametrized continuous loops $\tilde{\mu}$, and let $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ be the Poisson Point Process of loops of intensity $\tilde{\mu}/2$: the discrete-time loops $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ can be obtained from $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ by taking the print of the latter on $V$.
Lupu introduced in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF} an isomorphism linking the GFF $\tilde{\varphi}$ and the loop soup $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$.
\begin{theorem}[Lupu's Isomorphism,\cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{thm:Lupu}
There is a coupling between the Poisson ensemble of loops $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $(\tilde{\varphi}_y)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$ defined above, such that the two following constraints hold:
\begin{itemize}
\item For all $y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, $L_y(\tilde{{\mathcal{L}}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{\varphi}_y^2$
\item The clusters of loops of $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ are exactly the sign clusters of $(\tilde{\varphi}_y)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$.
\end{itemize}
Conditionally on $(|\tilde{\varphi}_y|)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$, the sign of $\tilde{\varphi}$ on each of its connected components is distributed independently and uniformly in $\{-1,+1\}$.
\end{theorem}
Lupu's isomorphism and the idea of using metric graphs were applied in \cite{Lupu2015ConvCLE} to show that on the discrete half-plane $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}$, the scaling limits of outermost boundaries of clusters of loops in loop soups are the Conformal Loop Ensembles $\hbox{CLE}$.
Let $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ (resp. $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$) be the set of edges $e\in E$ such that $\tilde{\varphi}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$) does not touch $0$ on $e$, in other words such that all the edge $e$ remains in the same sign cluster of $\tilde{\varphi}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$). Let $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ be the set of edges $e\in E$ that are crossed (i.e. visited consecutively) by the trace of the loops $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ on $V$.
In order to translate Lupu's isomorphism back onto the initial graph $\mathcal{G}$, one needs to describe on one hand the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on the values of $\varphi$, and on the other hand the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and the cluster of loops $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ on the discrete graph $G$. These two distributions are described respectively in Subsections \ref{fkising} and \ref{randomcurrent}, and provide realisations of the FK-Ising coupling and the ``Current+Bernoulli=FK'' coupling lemma \cite{lupu-werner}.
\subsection{The FK-Ising distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $|\varphi|$}
\label{fkising}
\begin{lemma}
\label{lem:fki}
Conditionally on $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$, $(1_{e\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})})_{e\in E}$
is a family of independent random variables and
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}\left(e\not\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})\vert \varphi\right)=
\left\lbrace
\begin{array}{ll}
1 & \text{if}~ \varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}<0,\\
\exp\left(-2W_{e}\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\right)
& \text{if}~ \varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}>0.
\end{array}
\right.
\end{displaymath}
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Conditionally on $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$, are constructed as independent Brownian bridges on each edge, so that $(1_{e\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})})_{e\in E}$ are independent random variables, and it follows from the reflection principle that, if $\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}>0$, then
$$\mathbb{P}\left(e\not\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})\vert \varphi\right)=\dfrac{\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}W_{e}(\varphi_{e_{-}}+\varphi_{e_{+}})^{2}\right)}
{\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}W_{e}(\varphi_{e_{-}}-\varphi_{e_{+}})^{2}\right)}=\exp\left(-2W_{e}\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\right).$$
\end{proof}
Let us now recall how the conditional probability in Lemma \ref{lem:fki} yields a realisation of the FK-Ising coupling.
Assume $V$ is finite. Let $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ be a family of positive weights. An \textit{Ising model} on $V$ with interaction constants $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ is a
probability on configuration of spins $({\sigma}_{x})_{x\in V}\in \{+1,-1\}^V$ such that
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm Isg}_{J}((\sigma_x)_{x\in V})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm Isg}_{J}}\exp\left(\sum_{e\in E}
J_{e}\sigma_{e_{+}}\sigma_{e_{-}}\right).
\end{displaymath}
An \textit{FK-Ising random cluster model} with weights
$(1-e^{-2J_{e}})_{e\in E}$ is a random configuration of open (value $1$) and closed
edges (value $0$) such that
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm FK-Isg}_{J}((\omega_{e})_{e\in E})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm FK-Isg}_{J}}
2^{\sharp~\text{clusters}}
\prod_{e\in E}(1-e^{-2J_{e}})^{\omega_{e}}(e^{-2J_{e}})^{1-\omega_{e}},
\end{displaymath}
where "$\sharp~\text{clusters}$" denotes the number of clusters created by open edges.
The well-known FK-Ising and Ising coupling reads as follows.
\begin{proposition}[FK-Ising and Ising coupling]
\label{FK-Ising}
Given an FK-Ising model, sample on each cluster an independent uniformly distributed spin. The spins are then distributed according to the Ising model. Conversely, given a spins configuration
$\hat{\sigma}$ following the Ising distribution, consider each edge $e$, such that
$\hat{\sigma}_{e_{-}}\hat{\sigma}_{e_{+}}<0$, closed, and each edge $e$, such that
$\hat{\sigma}_{e_{-}}\hat{\sigma}_{e_{+}}>0$ open with probability
$1-e^{-2J_{e}}$. Then the open edges are distributed according to the FK-Ising model.
The two couplings between FK-Ising and Ising are the same.
\end{proposition}
Consider the GFF $\varphi$ on $\mathcal{G}$ distributed according to $P_{\varphi}$. Let
$J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)$ be the random interaction constants
\begin{displaymath}
J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)=W_{e}\vert\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\vert.
\end{displaymath}
Conditionally on $\vert\varphi\vert$,
$(\operatorname{sign}(\varphi_{x}))_{x\in V}$ follows an Ising distribution with interaction constants $(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))_{e\in E}$:
indeed, the Dirichlet form (\ref{Dirichlet-form}) can be written as
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{E}(\varphi,\varphi)=\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} \varphi(x)^{2}+
\sum_{x\in V}(\varphi(x))^2(\sum_{y\sim x} W_{x,y})-
2\sum_{e\in E}J_e(\vert\varphi\vert) \operatorname{sign}(\varphi(e_{+}))\operatorname{sign}(\varphi(e_{-})).
\end{displaymath}
Similarly, when $\varphi\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},\sqrt{2u}}$ has boundary condition $\sqrt{2u}\ge 0$ on $x_0$, then $(\operatorname{sign}(\varphi_{x}))_{x\in V}$ has an Ising distribution
with interaction $(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))_{e\in E}$ and conditioned on $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Now, conditionally on $\varphi$, $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ has FK-Ising distribution with weights
$(1-e^{-2J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)})_{e\in E}$. Indeed, the probability for $e\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi$ is $1-e^{-2J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)}$, by Lemma \ref{lem:fki}, as in Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}.
Note that, given that $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ has FK-Ising distribution, the fact that the sign of on its connected components is distributed independently and uniformly in $\{-1,1\}$ can be seen either as a consequence of Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}, or from Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}.
Given $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ on the discrete graph $\mathcal{G}$, we introduce in Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising} as the random set of edges which has the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$.
\begin{definition}\label{def_FK-Ising}
We let $\mathcal{O}(\varphi)$ be a random set of edges which has the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ given by Lemma \ref{lem:fki}.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ }
\label{randomcurrent}
The distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ can be retrieved by Corollary 3.6 in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, which reads as follows.
\begin{lemma}[Corollary 3.6 in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{36} Conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, the events $e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, $e\in E\setminus\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, are independent and have probability
\begin{equation}
\label{cp}
\exp\left(-2 W_{e} \sqrt{L_{e_{+}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_{-}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right).
\end{equation}
\end{lemma}
This result gives rise, together with Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}, to the following discrete version of Lupu's isomorphism, which is stated without any recourse to the cable graph induced by $\mathcal{G}$.
\begin{definition}
\label{def:out}
Let $(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}\in\lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{E}$ be a percolation defined as follows: conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, the random variables
$(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}$ are independent, and $\omega_{e}$ equals $0$ with conditional probability given by \eqref{cp}.
Let $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ the set of edges:
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})
\cup \lbrace e\in E\vert \omega_{e}=1\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}[Discrete version of Lupu's isomorphism, Theorem 1 bis in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{PropIsoLupuLoops}
Given a loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, let $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ be as in Definition \ref{def:out}.
Let $(\sigma_{x})_{x\in V}\in\lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ be random spins taking constant values on
clusters induced by $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$
($\sigma_{e_{-}}=\sigma_{e_{+}}$ if $e\in \mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$) and such that the values on each cluster, conditional on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, are independent and uniformly distributed. Then
\begin{displaymath}
\left(\sigma_{x}\sqrt{2 L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right)_{x\in V}
\end{displaymath}
is a Gaussian free field distributed according to $P_{\varphi}$.
\end{proposition}
Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} induces the following coupling between FK-Ising and random currents.
If $V$ is finite, a \textit{random current model} on $\mathcal{G}$ with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ is a random assignment to each edge $e$ of a non-negative integer
$\hat{n}_{e}$ such that for all $x\in V$,
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{e~\text{adjacent to}~x}\hat{n}_{e}
\end{displaymath}
is even, which is called the \textit{parity condition}. The probability of a configuration
$(n_{e})_{e\in E}$ satisfying the parity condition is
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm RC}_{J}(\forall e\in E, \hat{n}_{e}=n_{e})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm RC}_{J}}\prod_{e\in E}\dfrac{(J_{e})^{n_{e}}}{n_{e}!},
\end{displaymath}
where actually $\mathcal{Z}^{\rm RC}_{J}=\mathcal{Z}^{\rm Isg}_{J}$. Let
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})=\lbrace e\in E\vert \hat{n}_{e}>0\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
The open edges in $\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})$ induce clusters on the graph $\mathcal{G}$.
Given a loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$, we denote by $N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ the number of times the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ cross the nonoriented edge $e\in E$. The transience of the Markov jump process $X$ implies that
$N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ is a.s. finite for all $e\in E$. If $\alpha=\frac{1}{2}$, we have the following identity (see for instance \cite{Werner2015}):
\begin{LoopsRC}
Assume $V$ is finite and consider the loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$. Conditionally on the occupation field $(L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{x\in V}$,
$(N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{e\in E}$ is distributed as a random current model with weights
$\left(2W_{e}\sqrt{L_{e_{-}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_{+}}
(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right)_{e\in E}$. If $\varphi$ is the GFF on $\mathcal{G}$ given by Le Jan's or Lupu's isomorphism, then these weights are
$(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))$.
\end{LoopsRC}
Conditionally on the occupation field
$(L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{x\in V}$,
$\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ are the edges occupied by a random current and
$\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ the edges occupied by FK-Ising.
Lemma \ref{lem:fki} and Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} imply the following coupling, as noted by Lupu and Werner in
\cite{lupu-werner}.
\begin{proposition}[Random current and FK-Ising coupling,
\cite{lupu-werner}]
\label{RCFKIsing}
Assume $V$ is finite. Let $\hat{n}$ be a random current on $\mathcal{G}$ with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Let $(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}\in\lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{E}$ be an independent percolation, each edge being opened (value $1$) independently with probability
$1-e^{-J_{e}}$. Then
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})\cup\lbrace e\in E\vert \omega_{e}=1\rbrace
\end{displaymath}
is distributed like the open edges in an FK-Ising with weights
$(1-e^{-2 J_{e}})_{e\in E}$.
\end{proposition}
\subsection{Generalized second Ray-Knight ``version'' of Lupu's isomorphism}\label{sec:glupu}
We are now in a position to state the coupled version of the second Ray-Knight theorem.
\begin{theorem}
\label{Lupu}
Let $x_{0}\in V$. Let $(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})_{x\in V}$ with distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,0}$, and define $\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)})$ as in Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}.
Let $X$ be an independent Markov jump process started from $x_{0}$.
Fix $u>0$. If $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, we
let $\mathcal{O}_{u}$ be the random subset of $E$ which contains $\mathcal{O}(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})$, the edges used by the path $(X_{t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, and additional edges $e$ opened conditionally independently with probability
\begin{displaymath}
1-e^{W_{e}\vert\varphi_{e_{-}}^{(0)}\varphi_{e_{+}}^{(0)}\vert -
W_{e}\sqrt{(\varphi_{e_{-}}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{e_{-}}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}))
(\varphi_{e_{+}}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{e_{+}}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}))}}.
\end{displaymath}
We let $\sigma\in\lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ be random spins sampled uniformly independently on each cluster induced by
$\mathcal{O}_{u}$, pinned at $x_0$, i.e. $\sigma_{x_0}=1$, and define
\begin{displaymath}
\varphi_{x}^{(u)}:=\sigma_{x}\sqrt{\varphi_{x}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})}.
\end{displaymath}
Then, conditionally on $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, $\varphi^{(u)}$ has distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$, and
$\mathcal{O}_{u}$ has distribution $\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(u)})$ conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
One consequence of that coupling is that the path $(X_{s})_{s\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ stays in the
positive connected component of ${x_0}$ for $\varphi^{(u)}$. This yields a coupling between the range
of the Markov chain and the sign component of $x_{0}$ inside a GFF $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$.
\end{remark}
\noindent{\it Proof of Theorem \ref{Lupu}:~}
The proof is based on
\cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}. Let $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$, and let $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ be the loop soup of intensity $1/2$ on the cable graph $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, which we decompose into $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$) the loop soup hitting (resp. not hitting) $x_0$, which are independent. We let $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ (resp. $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$) be the prints of these loop soups on $V$ (resp. on $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$). We condition on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})=u$.
Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu} implies (recall also Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}) that we can couple $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$ with $\varphi^{(0)}$ so that
$L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D})=\varphi_x^{(0)2}/2$ for all $x\in V$, and
$\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)})$.
Define
$\varphi^{(u)}=(\varphi^{(u)}_x)_{x\in V}$ from
$\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ by, for all $x\in V$,
\begin{equation*}
\label{abs}
|\varphi_x^{(u)}|=\sqrt{2L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}
\end{equation*}
and $\varphi_x^{(u)}=\sigma_x|\varphi_x^{(u)}|$, where $\sigma\in\{-1,+1\}^V$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on each cluster induced by $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, pinned at $x_0$, i.e. $\sigma_{x_0}=1$. Then, by Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}, $\varphi^{(u)}$ has distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$.
For all $x\in V$, we have
$$L_x(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\frac{\varphi_x^{(0)2}}{2}+L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}).$$
On the other hand, conditionally on $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$,
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\cup\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))
=\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\cup\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}=
\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}\\
&=\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D))}
=\exp\left(-W_e\sqrt{L_{e_-}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}
+W_e\sqrt{L_{e_-}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)L_{e_+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)}\right),
\end{align*}
where we use in the third equality that the event $e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)$ is measurable with respect to the $\sigma$-field generated by $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D$, which is independent of $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$, and where we use Lemma \ref{36} in the fourth equality, for $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and for $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D$.
We conclude the proof by observing that $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)})=u$ has the law of the occupation field of the Markov chain $\ell(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)$.
{\hfill $\Box$}
\section{Inversion of the signed isomorphism}
\label{sec:inversion}
In \cite{SabotTarres2015RK}, Sabot and Tarrès give a new proof of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem together with a construction that inverts the coupling between the square of a GFF conditioned by its value at a vertex $x_{0}$ and the excursions of the jump process $X$ from and to $x_{0}$.
In this paper we are interested in inverting the coupling of Theorem \ref{Lupu} with the signed GFF : more precisely, we want to describe the law of
$(X_t)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$ conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}$.
We present in section \ref{sec_Poisson}
an inversion involving an extra Poisson process. We provide in Section \ref{sec_dicr_time} a discrete-time description of the process and in Section \ref{sec_jump} an alternative description via jump rates. Sections \ref{sec:lejaninv} and \ref{sec:coupinv} are respectively dedicated to a signed inversion of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soups, and to an inversion of the coupling of random current with FK-Ising.
\subsection{A description via an extra Poisson point process}\label{sec_Poisson}
Let $(\check \varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ be a real function on $V$ such that
$\check\varphi_{x_0}=+\sqrt{2u}$ for some $u>0$. Set
$$
\check \Phi_x=\vert\check\varphi_x\vert, \;\;\sigma_x=\operatorname{sign}(\check\varphi_x).
$$
We define a self-interacting process $(\check X_t, (\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$ living on $V\times {\mathbb{N}}^E$ as follows.
The process $\check X$ starts at $\check X(0)=x_0$.
For $t\ge 0$, we set
$$
\check\Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{(\check\Phi_x)^2-2\check\ell_x(t)},\;\;\forall x\in V,\;\;\;\hbox{ and }\;
J_e(\check\Phi(t))=W_e \check\Phi_{e-}(t)\check\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\; \forall e\in E.
$$
where $\check\ell_x(t)=\int_0^t{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\check X_s=x\}}ds$ is the local time of the process $\check X$ up to time $t$.
Let $(N_e(u))_{u\ge 0}$ be an independent Poisson Point Processes on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1, for each edge $e\in E$.
We set
$$
\check n_e(t)=
\begin{cases}
N_e(2J_e(t)), &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1,
\\
0, &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1.
\end{cases}
$$
We also denote by $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\subset E$ the configuration of edges such that $\check n_e(t)>0$.
As time increases, the interaction parameters $J_{e}(\check\Phi(t))$ decreases for the edges neighboring $\check X_t$, and at some random times $\check n_e(t)$ may drop
by 1.
The process $(\check X_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is defined as the process that jumps only at the times when one of the $\check n_e(t)$ drops by 1, as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, but does not create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$, then $\check X_t$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, and does create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$,
then $\check X_t$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
We set
$$
\check T:=\inf\{t\ge 0,\;\; \exists x\in V, \hbox{ s. t. } \check\Phi_x(t)=0\},
$$
clearly, the process is well-defined up to time $\check T$.
\begin{proposition}
For all $0\le t\le \check T$, $\check X_t$ is in the connected component of $x_0$ of the configuration $\check {\mathcal C}(t)$. If $V$ is finite,
the process ends at $x_0$, i.e. $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm-Poisson}
Assume that $V$ is finite.
With the notation of Theorem \ref{Lupu}, conditioned on $\varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi$, $(X_{t})_{t\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the law
of $(\check X_{\check T-t})_{0\le t\le \check T}$.
Moreover, conditioned on $\varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi$, $(\varphi^{(0)},\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)}))$ has the law of
$(\sigma'_x\check\Phi_x(\check T), \check{\mathcal C}(\check T))$ where $(\sigma'_x)_{x\in V}\in \lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on
each cluster induced by $\check{\mathcal C}(\check T)$,
with the condition that $\sigma'_{x_0}=+1$.
If $V$ is infinite, then $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace, \sqrt{2u}}$-a.s.,
$\check X_t$ (with the initial condition $\check\varphi=\varphi^{(u)}$)
ends at $x_0$, i.e. $\check T<+\infty$ and $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$.
All previous conclusions for the finite case still hold.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{Discrete time description of the process}
\label{sec_dicr_time}
We give a discrete time description of the process
$(\check X_t, (\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$
that appears in the previous section.
Let $t_{0}=0$ and $0<t_{1}<\dots<t_{j}$ be the stopping times when one of the
stacks $n_e(t)$ decreases by $1$, where $t_{j}$ is the time when one of the stacks is completely depleted. It is elementary to check the following:
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropDiscrTime}
The discrete time process
$(\check X_{t_{i}}, (\check n_e(t_{i}))_{e\in E})_{0\leq i\leq j}$ is a stopped Markov process. The transition from time $i-1$ to $i$ is the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item first chose $e$ an edge adjacent to the vertex $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$
according to a probability proportional to $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$,
\item decrease the stack $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1,
\item
if decreasing $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1 does not create a new cluster in
$\check {\mathcal C}_{t_{i-1}}$, then $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if decreasing $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1 does create a new cluster in
$\check {\mathcal C}_{t_{i-1}}$,
then $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
\end{proposition}
\subsection{An alternative description via jump rates}\label{sec_jump}
We provide an alternative description of the process $(\check X_t, \check {\mathcal C}(t))$ that appears in Section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\begin{proposition}\label{prop-jump}
The process $(\check X_t, \check{\mathcal C}(t))$ defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} can be alternatively described by its jump rates :
conditionally on its past at time $t$, if $\check X_t=x$, $y\sim x$ and $\lbrace x,y\rbrace\in \check{\mathcal{C}}(t)$, then
\begin{itemize}
\item[(1)] $\check X$ jumps to $y$ without modification of $\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ at rate
\begin{displaymath}
W_{x,y}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}
\end{displaymath}
\item[(2)] the edge $\lbrace x,y\rbrace$ is closed in $\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ at rate
\begin{displaymath}
2W_{x,y}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}
\left(e^{2W_{x,y}\check\Phi_{x}(t)\check\Phi_{y}(t)}-1\right)^{-1}
\end{displaymath}
and, conditionally on that last event:
- if $y$ is connected to
$x$ in the configuration $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\setminus\{x,y\}$, then $\check X$ simultaneously jumps to $y$ with probability $1/2$ and stays at $x$ with probability $1/2$
- otherwise $\check X_t$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $\{x,y\}$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
\end{proposition}
\begin{remark}
It is clear from this description that the joint process $(\check X_t, \check {\mathcal C}(t), \check \Phi(t))$ is Markov process, and well defined up to the time
$$
\check T:=\inf\{t\ge 0:\;\; \exists x\in V, \hbox{ s.t. } \check\Phi_x(t)=0\}.
$$
\end{remark}
\begin{remark}
One can also retrieve the process in Section \ref{sec_Poisson} from the representation in Proposition \ref{prop-jump} as follows.
Consider the representation of Proposition \ref{prop-jump} on the graph where each edge $e$ is replaced by a large number $N$ of
parallel edges with conductance $W_e/N$. Consider now $\check n^{(N)}_{x,y}(t)$ the number of parallel edges that are open in the configuration
$\check {\mathcal C}(t)$ between $x$ and $y$. Then, when $N\to\infty$, $(\check n^{(N)}(t))_{t\ge0}$, converges in law to
$(\check n(t))_{t\ge0}$, defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\end{remark}
\noindent {\it Proof of Proposition \ref{prop-jump}:~}
Assume $\check X_t=x$, fix $y\sim x$ and let $e=\{x,y\}$. Recall that $\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ iff $\check n_e(t)\ge1$.
Let us first prove (1):
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}\left(\check X\text{ jumps to $y$ on time interval $[t,t+\Delta t]$ without modification of }\check{\mathcal C}(t)\,|\,\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)\right)\\
&=\frac{1}{2}\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)-\check n_e(t+\Delta t)=1,\,\check n_e(t+\Delta t)\ge1\,|\,\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)\\
&=\frac{1}{2}(2J_e(t)-2J_e(t+\Delta t))+o(\Delta t)=W_{xy}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}\Delta t+o(\Delta t).
\end{align*}
Similarly, (2) follows from the following computation:
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}\left(\{x,y\}\text{ closed in }\check{\mathcal C}(t+\Delta t)\,|\,\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)\right)
=\mathbb{P}\left(n_e(t+\Delta t)=0\,|\,\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)\\
&=\frac{\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)=1,\,\check n_e(t+\Delta t)=0\right)}{\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)}
=\frac{e^{-2J_e(t)}2J_e(t)}{1-e^{-2J_e(t)}}(J_e(t)-J_e(t+\Delta t))+o(\Delta t)
\end{align*}
{\hfill $\Box$}
We easily deduce from the Proposition \ref{prop-jump} and Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2} the following alternative inversion of the coupling in Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-jump-rates}
With the notation of Theorem \ref{Lupu}, conditionally on $(\varphi^{(u)},\mathcal{O}_{u})$, $(X_{t})_{t\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the law
of self-interacting process $(\check X_{\check T-t})_{0\le t\le \check T}$ defined by jump rates of Proposition \ref{prop-jump}
starting with
$$
\check \Phi_x=\sqrt{(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})^2+2\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})} \hbox{ and } \check{\mathcal C}(0)=\mathcal{O}_{u}.
$$
Moreover $(\varphi^{(0)},\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)}))$ has the same law as
$(\sigma'\check\Phi(T), \check{\mathcal C}(\check T))$ where $(\sigma'_x)_{x\in V}$ is a configuration of signs obtained by picking a sign at random independently on
each connected component of $\check{\mathcal C}(T)$, with the condition that the component of $x_0$ has a + sign.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{A signed version of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soup}
\label{sec:lejaninv}
Let us first recall how the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ are connected to the excursions of the jump process $X$.
\begin{proposition}[From excursions to loops]
\label{PropPD}
Let $\alpha>0$ and $x_{0}\in V$.
$L_{x_{0}}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ is distributed according to a Gamma
$\Gamma(\alpha, G(x_{0},x_{0}))$ law, where $G$ is the Green's function. Let $u>0$, and consider the path $(X_{t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ conditioned on $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$. Let $(Y_{j})_{j\geq 1}$ be an independent Poisson-Dirichlet partition $PD(0,\alpha)$ of $[0,1]$. Let $S_{0}=0$ and
\begin{displaymath}
S_{j}=\sum_{i=1}^{j}Y_{i}.
\end{displaymath}
Let
\begin{displaymath}
\tau_{j}= \tau_{u S_{j}}^{x_{0}}.
\end{displaymath}
Consider the family of paths
\begin{displaymath}
\left((X_{\tau_{j-1}+t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{j}-\tau_{j-1}}\right)_{j\geq 1}.
\end{displaymath}
It is a countable family of loops rooted in $x_{0}$. It has the same law as the family of all the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ that visit $x_{0}$, conditioned on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})=u$.
\end{proposition}
Next we describe how to invert the discrete version fo Lupu's isomorphism Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} for the loop-soup in the same way as in Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}.
Let $(\check \varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ be a real function on $V$ such that
$\check\varphi_{x_0}=+\sqrt{2u}$ for some $u>0$. Set
$$
\check \Phi_x=\vert\check\varphi_x\vert, \;\;\sigma_x=\operatorname{sign}(\check\varphi_x).
$$
Let $(x_{i})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert}$ be an enumeration of $V$ (which may be infinite).
We define by induction the self interacting processes
$((\check X_{i,t})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert},
(\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$.
$\check{T}_{i}$ will denote the end-time for $\check X_{i,t}$, and
$\check{T}^{+}_{i}=\sum_{1\leq j\leq i}\check{T}_{j}$.
By definition, $\check{T}^{+}_{0}=0$.
$L(t)$ will denote
\begin{displaymath}
L_{x}(t):=\sum_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert}
\check{\ell}_{x}(i,0\vee(t-\check{T}^{+}_{i})),
\end{displaymath}
where $\check{\ell}_{x}(i,t)$ are the occupation times for
$\check X_{i,t}$.
For $t\ge 0$, we set
$$
\check\Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{(\check\Phi_x)^2-2L_x(t)},\;\;\forall x\in V,\;\;\;\hbox{ and }\;
J_e(\check\Phi(t))=W_e \check\Phi_{e-}(t)\check\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\; \forall e\in E.
$$
The end-times $\check{T}_{i}$ are defined by inductions as
\begin{displaymath}
\check{T}_{i}=\inf\lbrace t\geq 0\vert
\check{\Phi}_{\check{X}_{i,t}}(t+\check{T}^{+}_{i-1})=0\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
Let $(N_e(u))_{u\ge 0}$ be independent Poisson Point Processes on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1, for each edge $e\in E$.
We set
$$
\check n_e(t)=
\begin{cases}
N_e(2J_e(t)), &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1,
\\
0, &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1.
\end{cases}
$$
We also denote by $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\subset E$ the configuration of edges such that $\check n_e(t)>0$.
$\check X_{i,t}$ starts at $x_{i}$.
For $t\in[\check{T}^{+}_{i-1},\check{T}^{+}_{i}]$,
\begin{itemize}
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, but does not create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$, then $\check X_{i,t-\check{T}^{+}_{i-1}}$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, and does create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$,
then $\check X_{i,t-\check{T}^{+}_{i-1}}$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_i$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
By induction, using Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}, we deduce the following:
\begin{theorem}
\label{ThmPoissonLoopSoup}
Let $\varphi$ be a GFF on $\mathcal{G}$ with the law $P_{\varphi}$.
If one sets $\check{\varphi}=\varphi$ in the preceding construction, then
for all $i\in \lbrace 1,\dots,\vert V\vert\rbrace$,
$\check{T}_{i}<+\infty$,
$\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}} = x_{i}$ and the
path $(\check{X}_{i,t})_{t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$ has the same law as a concatenation in $x_{i}$ of all the loops in a loop-soup
$\mathcal{L}_{1/2}$ that visit $x_{i}$, but none of the
$x_{1},\dots,x_{i-1}$. To retrieve the loops out of each path
$(\check{X}_{i,t})_{t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$, on has to partition it according to
a Poisson-Dirichlet partition as in Proposition \ref{PropPD}.
The coupling between the GFF $\varphi$ and the loop-soup obtained from
$((\check X_{i,t})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert},
(\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$ is the same as in Proposition
\ref{PropIsoLupuLoops}.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{Inverting the coupling of random current with FK-Ising}
\label{sec:coupinv}
By combining Theorem \ref{ThmPoissonLoopSoup} and the discrete time
description of Section \ref{sec_dicr_time}, and by conditionning on the occupation field of the loop-soup, one deduces an inversion of the coupling
of Proposition \ref{RCFKIsing} between the random current and FK-Ising.
We consider that the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ and that the edges are endowed with weights $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Let
$(x_{i})_{1\le i\le \vert V\vert}$ be an enumeration of $V$.
Let $\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$ be a subset of open edges of $E$.
Let $(\check{n}_{e}(0))_{e\in E}$ be a family of
random integers such that
$\check{n}_{e}(0)=0$ if $e\not\in\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$, and
$(\check{n}_{e}(0)-1)_{e\in\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)}$
are independent Poisson random variables, where
$\mathbb{E}[\check{n}_{e}(0)-1]=2J_{e}$.
We will consider a family of discrete time self-interacting processes
$((\check X_{i,j})_{1\leq i\leq \vert V\vert},
(\check{n}_{e}(j))_{e\in E})$. $\check X_{i,j}$ starts at $j=0$ at
$x_{i}$ and is defined up to a integer time $\check{T}_{i}$.
Let $\check{T}_{i}^{+}=\sum_{1\leq k\leq i}\check{T}_{k}$, with
$\check{T}_{0}^{+}=0$. The end-times $\check{T}_{i}$ are defined by induction as
\begin{displaymath}
\check{T}_{i}=
\inf\Big\lbrace j\geq 0\Big\vert
\sum_{e~\text{edge adjacent to}~\check X_{i,j}}
\check{n}_{e}(j+\check{T}_{i-1}^{+})=0\Big\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
For $j\geq 1$, $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j)$ will denote
\begin{displaymath}
\check{\mathcal{C}}(j)=\lbrace e\in E\vert \check{n}_{e}(j)\geq 1\rbrace,
\end{displaymath}
which is consistent with the notation $\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$.
The evolution is the following. For
$j\in \lbrace \check{T}_{i-1}^{+}+1,\dots, \check{T}_{i}^{+}\rbrace$, the transition from time $j-1$ to time $j$ is the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item first chose an edge $e$ adjacent to the vertex
$\check{X}_{i,j-1-\check{T}_{i-1}^{+}}$ with probability proportional to
$\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$,
\item decrease the stack $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1,
\item if decreasing $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1 does not create a new cluster in $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j-1)$, then
$\check{X}_{i,\cdot}$ crosses $e$ with probability $1/2$ and
does not move with probability $1/2$.
\item if decreasing $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1 does create a new cluster in $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j-1)$, then $\check{X}_{i,\cdot}$
moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_{i}$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
Denote $\hat{n}_{e}$ the number of times the edge $e$ has been crossed, in both directions, by all the walks
$((\check{X}_{i,j})_{0\le j\le \check{T}_{i}})_{1\le i\le\vert V\vert}$.
\begin{proposition}
A.s., for all $i\in\lbrace 1,\dots,\vert V\vert\rbrace$,
$\check{T}_{i}<+\infty$ and $\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}}=x_{i}$. If the initial configuration of open edges
$\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$ is random and follows an FK-Ising distribution
with weights $(1-e^{-2 J_{e}})_{e\in E}$, then the family of integers
$(\hat{n}_{e})_{e\in E}$ is distributed like a random current with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Moreover, the coupling between the random current and the FK-Ising obtained this way is the same as the one given by
Proposition \ref{RCFKIsing}.
\end{proposition}
\section{Proof of theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} }
\label{sec:proof}
\subsection{Case of finite graph without killing measure}
\label{sec:pfinite}
Here we will assume that $V$ is finite and that the killing measure
$\kappa\equiv 0$.
In order to prove Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}, we first enlarge the state space of the process $(X_t)_{t\ge 0}$. We define a process
$(X_t,(n_e(t)))_{t\ge 0}$ living on the space $V\times {\mathbb N}^E$ as follows. Let
$\varphi^{(0)}\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},0}$ be a GFF pinned at $x_0$.
Let $\sigma_x=\hbox{sign}(\varphi^{(0)}_x)$ be the signs of the GFF with the convention that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
The process $(X_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is as usual the Markov Jump process starting at $x_0$ with jump rates $(W_e)$. We set
\begin{equation}
\label{Phi-J}
\Phi_x=\vert\varphi^{(0)}_x\vert, \;\; \Phi(t)=\sqrt{\Phi_x^2+2\ell_x(t)}, \;\;\;\forall x\in V, \;\;\; J_e(\Phi(t))=W_e \Phi_{e-}(t)\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\;\; \forall e\in E.
\end{equation}
The initial values $(n_e(0))$ are choosen independently on each edge with distribution
$$
n_e(0)\sim
\begin{cases}
0,& \hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$}
\\
\mathcal{P}(2J_e(\Phi)),& \hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1$}
\end{cases}
$$
where ${\mathcal{P}}(2J_e(\Phi))$ is a Poisson random variable with parameter $2J_e(\Phi)$. Let $((N_e(u))_{u\ge 0})_{e\in E}$ be independent Poisson point processes
on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1. We define the process $(n_e(t))$ by
$$
n_e(t)=n_e(0)+N_e(J_e(\Phi(t)))-N_e(J_e(\Phi))+K_e(t),
$$
where $K_e(t)$ is the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the Markov jump process $X$ before time $t$.
\begin{remark}
Note that compared to the process defined in Section \ref{sec_Poisson}, the speed of the Poisson process is related to $J_e(\Phi(t))$ and not $2J_e(\Phi(t))$.
\end{remark}
We will use the following notation
$$
{\mathcal C}(t)=\{e\in E, \;\; n_e(t)>0\}.
$$
Recall that $\tau_u^{x_0}=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \ell_{x_0}(t)=u\}$ for $u>0$. To simplify notation, we will write $\tau_u$ for $\tau_u^{x_0}$ in the sequel.
We define $\varphi^{(u)}$ by
$$
\varphi^{(u)}_x=\sigma_x\Phi(\tau_u), \;\;\; \forall x\in V,
$$
where $(\sigma_x)_{x\in V}\in \lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on
each cluster induced by $\check{\mathcal C}(\check T)$ with the condition that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
\begin{lemma}
\label{end-distrib}
The random vector $(\varphi^{(0)}, {\mathcal C}(0), \varphi^{(u)}, {\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0}))$ thus defined has the same distribution
as $(\varphi^{(0)}, {\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)}), \varphi^{(u)}, {\mathcal{O}}_u)$ defined in Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
It is clear from construction, that ${\mathcal C}(0)$ has the same law as ${\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)})$ (cf Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}), the FK-Ising configuration coupled with the signs of
$\varphi^{(0)}$ as in Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}. Indeed, for each edge $e\in E$ such that $\varphi^{(0)}_{e-}\varphi^{(0)}_{e+}>0$, the probability that
$n_e(0)>0$ is $1-e^{-2J_e(\Phi)}$.
Moreover, conditionally on ${\mathcal C}(0)={\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)})$, ${\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0})$ has the same law as ${\mathcal{O}}_u$ defined in Theorem \ref{Lupu}. Indeed, ${\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0})$
is the union of the set ${\mathcal C}(0)$, the set of edges crossed by the process $(X_u)_{u\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$, and the additional edges such that $N_e(J_e(\tau_u^{x_0}))-N_e(J_e(\Phi))>0$.
Clearly $N_e(J_e(\tau_u^{x_0}))-N(J_e(\Phi))>0$ independently with probability $1-e^{-(J_e(\Phi(\tau_u^{x_0}))-J_e(\Phi))}$ which coincides with the probability given in
Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\end{proof}
We will prove the following theorem that, together with Lemma \ref{end-distrib}, contains the statements of both Theorem \ref{Lupu} and \ref{thm-Poisson}.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-Poisson2}
The random vector $\varphi^{(u)}_x$ is a GFF distributed according to $P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},\sqrt{2u}}$.
Moreover, conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}_x=\check \varphi$, the process
$$(X_{t},(n_{e}(t))_{e\in E})_{t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$$
has the law of the process $(\check X_{\check T-t },(\check n_e(\check T -t))_{e\in E})_{t\le \check T}$
described in section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
{\bf Step 1 :}
We start by a simple lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{distrib-phi-n}
The distribution of $(\Phi:=\vert \varphi^{(0)}\vert, n_e(0))$ is given by the following formula for any bounded measurable test function $h$
\begin{multline*}
{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)= \\\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n)
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x(\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}
\left(\prod_{e\in E}{\frac{(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}}{n_e!}}\right)
2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1}.
\end{multline*}
where the integral is on the set $\{(\Phi_x)_{x\in V}, \;\; \Phi_x>0\; \forall x\neq x_0,\; \Phi_{x_0}=0\}$ and
$d\Phi={\frac{\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x}{\sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}}$
and $\#{\mathcal C}(n)$ is the number of clusters
induced by the edges such that $n_e>0$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Indeed, by construction, summing on possible signs of $\varphi^{(0)}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
&&{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)
\\
\label{int-eee}&=&\sum_{\sigma_x}
\sum_{n\ll \sigma_x}
\int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} {e^{-2J_e(\Phi)} (2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right).
\end{eqnarray}
where the first sum is on the set $\{\sigma_x\in \{+1,-1\}^V, \; \sigma_{x_0}=+1\}$ and the second sum is on the set of
$\{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E, \; n_e=0\hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$}\}$ (we write $n\ll \sigma$ to mean that $n_e$ vanishes on the edges
such that $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$). Since
\begin{eqnarray*}
{1\over 2}{\mathcal E}(\sigma \Phi)&=& {1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}.
\\
&=&
{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2+\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)
-\sum_{\substack{e\in E\\\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1}} 2J_e(\Phi),
\end{eqnarray*}
we deduce that the integrand in (\ref{int-eee}) is equal to
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} {e^{-2J_e(\Phi)} (2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\\
&=&
h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}e^{-\sum_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} 2J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\\
&=&
h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}
where we used in the first equality that $n_e=0$ on the edges such that
$\sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=-1$.
Thus,
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)
\\
&=&
\sum_{\sigma_x}\sum_{n_e\ll \sigma_x}
\int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n) e^{-{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right).
\end{eqnarray*}
Inverting the sum on $\sigma$ and $n$ and summing on the number of possible signs which are constant on clusters induced by the configuration of edges
$\{e\in E, \; n_e>0\}$,
we deduce Lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n}.
\end{proof}
\noindent{\bf Step 2 :} We denote by $Z_t=(X_t, \Phi(t), n_e(t))$ the process defined previously and by
$E_{x_0, \Phi, n_0}$ its law with initial condition $(x_0, \Phi, n_0)$.
We now introduce a process $\tilde Z_t$, which is a "time reversal" of the process $Z_t$. This process will be related to the
process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} in Step 4, Lemma \ref{RN}.
For $(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$ and $(\tilde \Phi_x)_{x\in V}$ such that
$$
\tilde \Phi_{x_0}=u, \;\; \tilde \Phi_x>0, \;\; \forall x\neq x_0,
$$
we define the process $\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, \tilde\Phi(t), \tilde n_e(t))$ with values in $V\times {\mathbb R}_+^V\times {\mathbb Z}^E$ as follows.
The process $(\tilde X_t)$ is a Markov jump process with jump rates $(W_e)$ (so that $\tilde X\stackrel{\text{law}}{=} X$), and
$\tilde\Phi(t)$, $\tilde n_e(t)$ are defined by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tildePhi}
\tilde \Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{\tilde \Phi_x^2-2\tilde \ell_x(t)},\;\;\;\forall x\in V,
\end{eqnarray}
where $(\tilde\ell_x(t))$ is the local time of the process $\check X$ up to time $t$,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tilden}
\tilde n_e(t)= \tilde n_e-\left(N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi))-N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi(t)))\right)-\tilde K_e(t)
\end{eqnarray}
where $((N_e(u))_{u\ge 0})_{e\in E}$ are independent Poisson point process on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1 for each edge $e$, and
$\tilde K_e(t)$ is the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the process $\tilde X$ before time $t$.
We set
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tildeZ}
\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, (\tilde \Phi_x(t)), (\tilde n_e(t))),
\end{eqnarray}
This process is well-defined up to time
$$
\tilde T=\inf\left\{t\ge 0, \;\; \exists x\in V\; \tilde \Phi_x(t)=0\right\}.
$$
We denote by $\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde\Phi, \tilde n_0}$ its law. Clearly $\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, \tilde\Phi(t), \tilde n_e(t))$ is a Markov process, we will later on make explicit its generator.
We have the following change of variable lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{change-var}
For all bounded measurable test functions $F,G,H$
\begin{multline*}
\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\Phi F(\Phi, n)E_{x_0,\Phi,n}
\left( G((Z_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t})_{0\le t\le\tau_u^{x_0}})
H(\Phi(\tau_u^{x_0}), n(\tau_u^{x_0}))\right)=
\\
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi H(\tilde\Phi, \tilde n)
\tilde E_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\tilde n}
\Big({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0,\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
G((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\check T})
F(\tilde\Phi(\tilde T), \tilde n(\tilde T))\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\tilde \Phi_x\over \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }\Big)
\end{multline*}
where the integral on the l.h.s. is on the set $\{(\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V, \;\; \Phi_{x_0}=0\}$ with $d\Phi= {\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$
and the integral on the r.h.s. is on the set $\{(\tilde\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V, \;\; \tilde\Phi_{x_0}=u\}$ with
$d\tilde\Phi= {\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\tilde\Phi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We start from the left-hand side, i.e. the process, $(X_t, n_e(t))_{0\le\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$.
We define
$$
\tilde X_{t}=X_{\tau_u-t},\;\;\; \tilde n_e(t)=n_e(\tau_u-t),
$$
and
$$
\tilde \Phi_x=\Phi_x(\tau_u),\;\;\;, \tilde\Phi_x(t)=\Phi_x({\tau_u-t}),
$$
(The law of the processes such defined will later be identified with the law of the processes ($\tilde X_t, \tilde \Phi(t),\tilde n(t))$ defined at the beginning of step 2, cf (\ref{tildePhi}) and (\ref{tilden})).
We also set
$$
\tilde K_e(t)= K_e(\tau_u)-K_e(t),
$$
which is also the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the process $\tilde X$, between time 0 and $t$. With these notations we clearly have
$$
\tilde \Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{\tilde \Phi_x^2-2\tilde \ell_x(t)},
$$
where $\tilde \ell_x(t)=\int_{0}^t{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_u=x\}} du$ is the local time of $\tilde X$ at time $t$, and
$$
\tilde n_e(t)= \tilde n_e(0)+(N_e(J_e(\tilde \Phi(t)))-N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi(0))))-\tilde K_e(t).
$$
By time reversal, the law of $(\tilde X_t)_{0\le s\le \tilde \tau_u}$ is the same as the law of the Markov Jump process $(X_t)_{0\le t\le \tau_u}$, where
$\tilde \tau_u=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \tilde\ell_{x_0}(t)=u\}$. Hence, we see that up to the time $\tilde T=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \exists x\; \tilde\Phi_x(t)=0\}$, the process
$(\tilde X_t, (\tilde \Phi_x(t))_{x\in V}, (\tilde n_e(t))_{t\le \tilde T}$ has the same law as the process defined at the beginning of step 2.
Then, following \cite{SabotTarres2015RK}, we make the following change of variables conditionally on the processes $(X_t, (N_e(t)))$
\begin{eqnarray*}
({\mathbb R}_+^*)^V\times {\mathbb N}^E&\mapsto& ({\mathbb R}_+^*)^V\times {\mathbb N}^E\\
((\Phi_x), (n_e)_{e\in E})&\mapsto&
((\tilde \Phi_x), (\tilde n_e)_{e\in E})
\end{eqnarray*}
which is bijective onto the set
\begin{multline*}
\{\tilde\Phi_x, \;\; \tilde\Phi_{x_0}=\sqrt{2u}, \; \check\Phi_x>\sqrt{2\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0})}\;\;\forall x\neq x_0\}
\\\times \{(\tilde n_e),\;\; \tilde n_e\ge K_e(\tau_u)+(N_e(J_e(\tilde \Phi(\tau_u)))-N_e(J_e(\Phi)))\}
\end{multline*}
(Note that we always have $\tilde \Phi_{x_0}=\sqrt{2u}$.) The last conditions on $\tilde \Phi$ and $\tilde n_e$ are equivalent to
the conditions $\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0$ and $\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0$.
The Jacobian of the change of variable is given by
$$
\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x=\left({\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\check\Phi_x\over \Phi_x} }\right)\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\check\Phi_x.
$$
\end{proof}
\noindent
{\bf Step 3:}
With the notations of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2}, we consider the following expectation for $g$ and $h$ bounded measurable test functions
\begin{eqnarray}\label{test-functions}
{\mathbb{E}}\left( g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u-t}, n_e(\tau_u-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u}\right)h(\varphi^{(u)})\right)
\end{eqnarray}
By definition, we have
$$
\varphi^{(u)}=\sigma \Phi(\tau_u),
$$
where $(\sigma_x)_{x\in V}\in \{\pm 1\}^V$ are random signs sampled uniformly independently on clusters induced by
$\{e\in E, \; n_e(\tau_u)>0\}$ and conditioned on the fact that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Hence, we define for $(\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V$ and $(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$
\begin{eqnarray}\label{h}
H(\Phi, n)=2^{-\#{\mathcal C}(n)+1} \sum_{\sigma\ll n} h(\sigma \Phi),
\end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma\ll n$ means that the signs $(\sigma_x)$ are constant on clusters of $\{ e\in E, \; n_e>0\}$ and such that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Hence, setting
$$
F(\Phi, n)=e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi) }\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1},
$$
$$
G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{t\le\tau_u}\right)= g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u-t}, n_e(\tau_u-t)\right)_{t\le \tau_u}\right),
$$
using lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n} in the first equality and lemma \ref{change-var} in the second equality, we deduce that
(\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{multline}
\label{eq-3.3}
{\mathbb{E}}\left( G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{0\le t\le \tau_u}\right)H(\Phi(\tau_u), n(\tau_u)))\right)=
\\
\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int
d\Phi
F(\Phi, n) E_{x_0, \Phi,n}\left(G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{t\le\tau_u}\right)H\left(\Phi(\tau_u, n(\tau_u))\right)\right)
d\Phi =
\\
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi
H\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right)
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi, \tilde n}\Big({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0,\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
F\left(\tilde \Phi(\tilde T) , \tilde n(\tilde T)\right) G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right) \prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\tilde \Phi_x\over \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }
\Big)
\end{multline}
with notations of Lemma \ref{change-var}.
Let $\tilde{\mathcal F}_t=\sigma\{\tilde X_s, \; s\le t\}$ be the filtration generated by $\tilde X$. We define the $\tilde {\mathcal F}$-adapted process
$\tilde M_t$, defined up to time $\tilde T$ by
\begin{multline}
\label{Mart}
\tilde M_t
= {F(\tilde \Phi(t), \tilde n(t))\over \prod_{V\setminus\{\tilde X_t\}} \tilde\Phi_x(t) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n)\}}{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}=
\\
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x(\tilde \Phi_x(t))^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\tilde\Phi(t)) }
\Big(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\tilde \Phi(t)))^{\tilde n_e(t)}\over \tilde n_e(t) !}\Big)
{2^{\#{\mathcal C}(\tilde n_e(t))-1}
\over \prod_{x\in V\setminus\{\tilde X_t\}} \tilde\Phi_x(t) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n(t)),\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
\end{multline}
where ${\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n(t))$ denotes the cluster of the origin $x_0$ induced by the configuration ${\mathcal C}(\tilde n(t))$.
Note that at time $t=\tilde T$, we also have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{M-T}
\tilde M_{\tilde T}= {F(\tilde \Phi(\tilde T), \tilde n(\tilde T))\over \prod_{V\setminus\{\tilde x_0\}} \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0}{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
\end{eqnarray}
since $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ vanishes on the event where $\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x\}$, with $x\neq x_0$. Indeed, if $\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x\neq x_0$, then
$\tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T)=0$ and $J_e(\tilde\Phi(\tilde T))=0$ for $e\in E$ such that $x\in e$. It means that $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ is equal to
0 if $\tilde n_{e}(\tilde T)>0$ for some edge $e$ neighboring $x$. Thus, $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ is null unless $\{x\}$ is a cluster in ${\mathcal C}(\tilde n(\tilde T))$.
Hence, $\tilde M_{\tilde T}=0$ if $x\neq x_0$ since $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ contains the indicator of the event that $\tilde X_{\tilde T}$ and $x_0$ are in the same cluster.
Hence, using identities (\ref{eq-3.3}) and (\ref{M-T})
we deduce that (\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{equ-M}
(\ref{test-functions})&=&
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi
H\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right) F\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right)
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi, \tilde n}\left(
{\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)
\right)
\end{eqnarray}
\noindent {\bf Step 4 :}
We denote by $\check Z_t=(\check X_t, \check \Phi_t, \check n(t))$ the process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson}, which is well defined up to
stopping time $\check T$, and $\check Z^T_t=\check Z_{t\wedge \check T}$. We denote by $\check E_{x_0, \check \Phi, \check n}$
the law of the process $\check Z$ conditionnally on the initial value $\check n(0)$, i.e. conditionally on $(N_e(2J(\check\Phi)))=(\check n_e)$.
The last step of the proof goes through the following lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{RN}
i) Under $\check E_{x_0,\check\Phi,\check n}$, $\check X$ ends at $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$ a.s. and
$\check n_e(\check T)\ge 0$ for all $e\in E$.
ii) Let $\tilde P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n}$ and $\check P^{\le t}_{x_0,\check\Phi,\check n}$ be the law
of the process $(\tilde Z^T_s)_{s\le t}$ and $(\check Z^T_s)_{s\le t}$, then
$$
{d\check P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\tilde n}\over d\tilde P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\check n}}={\tilde M_{t\wedge \tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}.
$$
\end{lemma}
Using this lemma we obtain that in the right-hand side of (\ref{equ-M})
$$
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi , \tilde n}\left(
{\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)\right)=
\check E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi , \tilde n}
\left(
G\left((\check Z_{t})_{t\le\check T}\right)\right)
$$
Hence, we deduce, using formula (\ref{h}) and proceeding as in lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n}, that (\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{multline*}
\label{final}
\int_{{\mathbb R}^{V\setminus\{x_0\} }} d\tilde\varphi
e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\tilde\varphi)} h(\tilde \varphi)
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\ll (\tilde \varphi_x)} \left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \tilde\varphi_{e-}\tilde\varphi_{e+}\ge 0}
{e^{-2J_e(\vert \tilde \varphi\vert)}(2J_e(\vert \tilde \varphi\vert ))^{\tilde n_e}\over \tilde n_e !}\right)
\\\tilde E_{x_0, \vert \tilde \varphi\vert , \tilde n}\left({\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)\right),
\end{multline*}
where the last integral is on the set $\{(\tilde\varphi_x)\in {\mathbb R}^V, \;\; \varphi_{x_0}=u\}$,
$d\tilde\varphi={\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\tilde\varphi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$, and where $(n_e)\ll (\varphi_x)$ means that
$(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$ and $\tilde n_e=0$ if $\tilde\varphi_{e-}\tilde\varphi_{e+}\le 0$.
Finally, we conclude that
\begin{eqnarray*}
{\mathbb{E}}\left[ g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t}, n_e(\tau_u^{x_0}-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}\right)h(\varphi^{(u)})\right]=
{\mathbb{E}}\left[ g\left(\left(\check X_{t}, \check n_e(t)\right)_{0\le t\le \check T}\right)h(\check \varphi)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
where in the right-hand side
$\check \varphi\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\}, \sqrt{2u}} $
is a GFF and $(\check X_t, \check n(t))$
is the process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} from the
GFF $\check \varphi$.
This exactly means that
$\varphi^{(u)} \sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\}, \sqrt{2u}}$
and that
$$
{\mathcal L}\left(\left(X_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t}, n_e(\tau_u^{x_0}-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}\;
\Big| \; \varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi\right)= {\mathcal L}\left(\left(\check X_t, \check n(t)\right)_{t\le \check T}\right).
$$
This concludes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2}.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of lemma \ref{RN}]
The generator of the process $\tilde Z_t$ defined in (\ref{tildeZ}) is given, for any bounded and $\mathcal{C}^{1}$ for the second component test function $f$, by
\begin{equation}
\label{tildeL2}
\begin{split}
&(\tilde L f)(x,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n)=
-{1\over \tilde \Phi_x} ({\partial\over \partial \tilde\Phi_x}f)
(x,\tilde\Phi, \tilde n) +\\
&
\sum_{y, \; y\sim x} \left(W_{x,y} \left(f(y,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})-f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)+
W_{x,y} {\tilde \Phi_{y}\over \tilde \Phi_x} \left(f(x,\tilde\Phi, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})-f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)\right).
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ is the value obtained by removing 1 from $n$ at edge $\{x,y\}$.
Indeed, since $\tilde \Phi_x(t)=
\sqrt{\tilde\Phi_{x}(0)^{2} -2\tilde \ell_x(t)}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{deriv-Phi}
{\partial\over\partial t} \tilde \Phi_x(t)=
-{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t=x\}}{1\over \tilde \Phi_x(t)},
\end{eqnarray}
which is explains the first term in the expression. The second term is obvious from the definition of $\tilde Z_t$, and corresponding to the term induced by jumps
of the Markov process $\tilde X_t$. The last term corresponds to the decrease of $\tilde n$ due to the increase in the process
$\tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi)-\tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi(t))$. Indeed, on the interval $[t,t+dt]$, the probability that
$\tilde N_{e}(\tilde \Phi(t))-\tilde N_{e}(\tilde \Phi(t+dt))$
is equal to 1 is of order
$$-{\partial\over \partial t} \tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi(t))dt={{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in e\}}
{W_e \tilde \Phi_{\underline e}(t)\tilde\Phi_{\overline e}(t)\over \Phi_{\tilde X_t}(t)^2}dt
$$
using identity (\ref{deriv-Phi}).
Let $\check L$ be the generator of the Markov jump process $\check Z_t=(\check X_t, (\check \Phi_x(t)), (\check n_e(t)))$.
We have that the generator is equal, for any smooth test function $f$, to
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&(\check L f)(x,\Phi, n)=
-{1\over \Phi_x} ({\partial\over \partial \Phi_x}f)(x,\Phi, n) +\\
&&{1\over 2} \sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{ n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2}
{{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1(x,y)}} \left(f(y,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})+f(x,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})- 2f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)
\\
&&+ \sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{ n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2} {{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2(x,y)} \left( f(y,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})- f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)) \right)
\\
&&+\sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2}
{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3(x,y)} \left(f(x,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}) - f(x,\tilde\Phi,n) \right)
\end{eqnarray*}
where
$\mathcal{A}_{i}(x,y)$ correspond to the following disjoint events
\begin{itemize}
\item
$\mathcal{A}_1(x,y)$ if the numbers of connected clusters induced by $n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ is the same as that of $\check n$.
\item
$\mathcal{A}_2(x,y)$ if a new cluster is created in $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ compared with $\check n$ and if $y$ is in the connected component
of $x_0$ in the cluster induced by $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$.
\item
$\mathcal{A}_3(x,y)$ if a new cluster is created in $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ compared with $n$ and if $x$ is in the connected component
of $x_0$ in the cluster induced by $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$.
\end{itemize}
Indeed, conditionally on the value of $\check n_e(t)=N_e(2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))$ at time $t$, the point process $N_e$ on the interval $[0, 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$ has the law of
$n_e(t)$ independent points with uniform distribution on $[0, 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$. Hence, the probability that a point lies in the interval
$[2J_e(\check\Phi(t+dt))), 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$ is of order
$$
-\check n_e(t) {1\over J_e(\check\Phi(t)))}{\partial\over \partial t} J_e(\check\Phi(t))) dt= {{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{X_t\in e\}}\;\check n_e(t){1\over \check\Phi_{X_t}(t)^2}dt.
$$
We define the function
\begin{multline}
\nonumber\Theta(x,(\Phi_x),(n_e))=\\
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V}W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi) }
\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e !}\right)
{2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1}
\over \prod_{V\setminus\{x\}} \Phi }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{x\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n),
n_e\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}},
\end{multline}
so that
$$
\tilde M_{t\wedge \tilde T}= \Theta(\tilde Z_{t\wedge\tilde T}).
$$
To prove the lemma it is sufficient to prove (\cite{ChungWalsh05MP}, Chapter 11) that for any bounded smooth test function $f$
\begin{eqnarray}\label{LcheckL}
{1\over \Theta}\tilde L\left(\Theta f\right)= \check L\left(f\right)
\end{eqnarray}
Let us first consider the first term in (\ref{tildeL2}).
Direct computation gives
$$
\left({1\over \Theta}{1\over \Phi_x}\left({\partial\over\partial \Phi_x} \Theta\right)\right) (x,\Phi,n)= -W_x+\sum_{y\sim x} \left(- W_{x,y}{\Phi_y\over\Phi_x}+n_{x,y}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right).
$$
For the second part, remark that the indicators ${{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{x\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n)\}}$ and ${{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_e\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}$ imply that
$
\Theta(y,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})
$
vanishes if $n_{x,y}=0$ or if $y\not\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n-\delta_{x,y})$.
By inspection of the expression of $\Theta$, we obtain for $x\sim y$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Theta (y,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})&=& \left({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_{x,y}>0\}} ({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) {n_{x,y}\over 2J_{x,y}(\Phi)}{\Phi_y\over \Phi_x}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n)
\\
&=&\left(({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) {n_{x,y}\over 2W_{x,y}}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n).
\end{eqnarray*}
Similarly, for $x\sim y$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Theta(x,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})&=& \left({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_{x,y}>0\}}({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}){n_{x,y}\over 2J_{x,y}}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n)\\
&=&
\left(({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}) {n_{x,y}\over 2W_{x,y}\Phi_x\Phi_y}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n).
\end{eqnarray*}
Combining these three identities with the expression (\ref{tildeL2}) we deduce
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&{1\over \Theta}\tilde L\left(\Theta f\right)(x,\Phi,n)=\\
&&
-{1\over \Phi_x} {\partial\over\partial \Phi_x}f(x,\Phi,n)-\sum_{y\sim x} \left(n_{x,y}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right)f(x,\Phi,n)
\\
&& +\sum_{y\sim x} ({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) n_{x,y}{1\over 2\Phi_x^2} f(y, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}},\Phi)+
\sum_{y\sim x}({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}){1\over 2 \Phi_x^2} f(x, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}},\Phi).
\end{eqnarray*}
It exactly coincides with the expression for $\check L$ since $1={{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}+{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}$.
\end{proof}
\subsection{General case}
\label{sec:pgen}
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropKillingCase}
The conclusion of
Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} still holds
if the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ is finite and the killing measure is non-zero ($\kappa\not\equiv 0$).
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Let $h$ be the function on $V$ defined as
\begin{displaymath}
h(x)=\mathbb{P}_{x}(X~\text{hits}~x_{0}~\text{before}~\zeta).
\end{displaymath}
By definition $h(x_{0})=1$. Moreover, for all
$x\in V\setminus\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace$,
\begin{displaymath}
-\kappa_{x} h(x)+\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}(h(y)-h(x))=0.
\end{displaymath}
Define the conductances
$W^{h}_{x,y}:=W_{x,y}h(x)h(y)$, and the corresponding jump process $X^{h}$, and the GFF $\varphi_{h}^{(0)}$ and $\varphi_{h}^{(u)}$ with conditions
$0$ respectively $\sqrt{2u}$ at $x_{0}$. The Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}
holds for the graph $\mathcal{G}$ with conductances
$(W^{h}_{e})_{e\in E}$ and with zero killing measure. But the process
$(X^{h}_{t})_{t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the same law as the process
$(X_{s})_{s\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditioned on
$\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, after the change of time
\begin{displaymath}
dt = h(X_{s})^{-2}ds.
\end{displaymath}
This means in particular that for the occupation times,
\begin{equation}
\label{EqTimeChange}
\ell_{x}(t)=h(X_{s})^{-2}\ell_{x}(s).
\end{equation}
Moreover, we have the equalities in law
\begin{displaymath}
\varphi_{h}^{(0)}\stackrel{\text{law}}{=}h^{-1}\varphi^{(0)},\qquad
\varphi_{h}^{(u)}\stackrel{\text{law}}{=}h^{-1}\varphi^{(u)}.
\end{displaymath}
Indeed, at the level of energy functions, we have:
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
&\mathcal{E}(hf,hf)=
\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{e}W_{e}(h(e_{+})f(e_{+})-h(e_{-})f(e_{-}))^{2}\\&=
\sum_{x\in V}[\kappa_{x}h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}h(y)f(y)(h(y)f(y)-h(x)f(x))]\\
&=
\sum_{x\in V}[\kappa_{x}h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}-
\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}(h(y)-h(x))h(x)f(x)^{2}]
-\sum_{\substack{x\in V\\y\sim x}}W_{x,y}h(x)h(y)(f(y)-f(x))f(x)
\\&=[\kappa_{x_{0}}-
\sum_{y\sim x_{0}}W_{x_{0},y}(h(y)-1)]f(x_{0})^{2}
+\sum_{e}W_{e}^{h}(h(e_{+})f(e_{+})-h(e_{-})f(e_{-}))^{2}
\\&= \text{Cste}(f(x_{0}))+\mathcal{E}^{h}(f,f),
\end{split}
\end{equation*}
where $\text{Cste}(f(x_{0}))$ means that this term does not depend of $f$
once the value of the function at $x_{0}$ fixed.
Let $\check{X}^{h}_{t}$ be the inverse process for the conductances
$(W_{e}^{h)_{e\in E}}$ and the initial condition for the field
$\varphi_{h}^{(u)}$, given by Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}.
By applying the time change
\ref{EqTimeChange} to the process $\check{X}^{h}_{t}$, we obtain an inverse process for the conductances $W_{e}$ and the field $\varphi^{(u)}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropInfiniteCase}
Assume that the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ is infinite. The killing measure $\kappa$ may be non-zero. Then the conclusion of
Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} holds.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Consider an increasing sequence of connected sub-graphs
$\mathcal{G}_{i}=(V_{i},E_{i})$ of $\mathcal{G}$ which converges to the whole graph. We assume that $V_{0}$ contains $x_{0}$.
Let $\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}=(V_{i}^{\ast},E_{i}^{\ast})$ be the graph obtained by adding to $\mathcal{G}_{i}$ an abstract vertex
$x_{\ast}$, and for every edge $\lbrace x,y\rbrace$, where $x\in V_{i}$ and
$y\in V\setminus V_{i}$, adding an edge $\lbrace x,x_{\ast}\rbrace$,
with the equality of conductances
$W_{x,x_{\ast}}=W_{x,y}$.
$(X_{i,t})_{t\geq 0}$ will denote the Markov jump process on
$\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$, started from $x_{0}$.
Let $\zeta_{i}$ be the first hitting time of $x_{\ast}$ or the first
killing time by the measure $\kappa{{\mathbbm 1}}_{V_{i}}$. Let
$\varphi^{(0)}_{i}$,
$\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$ will denote the GFFs on $\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$ with condition $0$ respectively $\sqrt{2u}$ at $x_{0}$, with condition $0$ at
$x_{\ast}$, and taking in account the possible killing measure
$\kappa{{\mathbbm 1}}_{V_{i}}$.
The limits in law of $\varphi^{(0)}_{i}$
respectively $\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$ are
$\varphi^{(0)}$
respectively $\varphi^{(u)}$.
We consider the process
$(\hat{X}_{i,t},(\check{n}_{i,e}(t))_{e\in E_{i}^{\ast}})
_{0\leq t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$ be the inverse process on
$\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$, with initial field $\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$.
$(X_{i,t})_{t\leq \tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditional on
$\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}$, has the same law as
$(\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}-t})_{t\leq \check{T}_{i}}$.
Taking the limit in law as $i$ tends to infinity, we conclude that
$(X_{t})_{t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditional on
$\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<+\infty$, has the same law as
$(\check{X}_{\check{T}-t})_{t\leq \check{T}}$ on the infinite graph
$\mathcal{G}$. The same for the clusters.
In particular,
\begin{multline*}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}\leq t, \check{X}_{[0,\check{T}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j})=
\lim_{i\to +\infty}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}_{i}\leq t, \check{X}_{i,[0,\check{T}_{i}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j})
\\=
\lim_{i\to +\infty}
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{i,[0,\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta_{i})=
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{[0,\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}]}
~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}} < \zeta),
\end{multline*}
where in the first two probabilities we also average by the values of the
free fields.
Hence
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}=+\infty~\text{or}~\check{X}_{\check{T}}\neq x_{0})=
1-\lim_{\substack{t\to +\infty\\ j\to +\infty}}
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{[0,\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}]}
~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}} < \zeta) = 0.
\end{displaymath}
\end{proof}
\section*{Acknowledgements}
TL acknowledges the support of Dr. Max Rössler, the Walter Haefner
Foundation and the ETH Zurich Foundation.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
Provincial Associations
Golf Canada
British Columbia Golf
Alberta Golf
Golf Saskatchewan
Golf Manitoba
Golf Ontario
Golf Québec
Golf New Brunswick
Nova Scotia Golf Association
Prince Edward Island Golf Association
Golf Newfoundland and Labrador
Modernized Rules of Amateur Status coming in 2022
The USGA and The R&A are conducting a review of the Rules of Amateur Status to make them easier to understand and apply.
The comprehensive evaluation is part of the continued joint effort to modernize the Rules by reducing complexity and ensuring the Rules effectively guide how the game is played today.
As part of a review process that began earlier this year, the governing bodies will seek the perspectives of golf's stakeholders as an integral component of the review process, including elite amateur golfers, golf event organizers, national golf associations, professional golf associations and other industry partners.
The aim is to provide the golf community with a modernized set of the Amateur Status Rules in late 2021, with the goal of an effective date of January 1, 2022.
Thomas Pagel, senior managing director of Governance at the USGA, said, "One of golf's greatest benefits is that it can be played by all ages and played for a lifetime. It is our goal to ensure that the fundamental concept of what it means to be an amateur golfer is clear and retained to promote fair competition and enjoyment for everyone, while still addressing many issues that seek to protect the game. This is a forward-thinking approach and engaging golfers is a key component of doing what's best for golf."
Grant Moir, director – Rules at The R&A, said, "We will be looking at the Rules of Amateur Status carefully and considering ways in which we can modernize them and bring them more into line with the way the modern sport is played. The code remains a fundamental framework for amateur golf and we will be listening to the views of players, officials and associations to give us a fully rounded view of how we can improve them."
In a separate move, effective January 1, 2020, the USGA and The R&A will introduce one change to Rule 3-2b of the Rules of Amateur Status, which regulates hole-in-one prizes. The Rules will no longer limit the prize an amateur golfer may win when making a hole-in-one outside a round of golf, including "stand-alone" and "multiple-entry" hole-in-one events. It is hoped the change will help to promote the game and cater to new audiences as well, and eliminate unnecessary restrictions for event organizers.
New Rule 3-2b will read as follows:
Rule 3-2b. Hole-in-One Prizes
An amateur golfer may accept a prize in excess of the limit in Rule 3-2a, including a cash prize, for making a hole-in-one during a round of golf on a golf course.
An amateur golfer may also accept a prize in excess of the limit in Rule 3-2a, including a cash prize, for making a hole-in-one during contests held outside a round of golf, including multiple-entry contests and contests conducted other than on a golf course (e.g., on a driving range, golf simulator or putting green) provided in all cases that the length of the shot is at least 50 yards.
The NSGA to host the first annual Junior Golf Summit - Nov ...
NSGA PARTNERS
NOVA SCOTIA GOLF © 2020 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: Visual Basic Mob AI Wander? Right now my mob just moves around randomly, I need it to walk in strait lines like 30 pixels then turn, but I don't really know where to start...
Function mob()
Application.DoEvents()
Randomize()
Dim value As Integer = CInt(Int((4 * Rnd()) + 1))
If value = 1 Then
ElseIf value = 2 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.Y < 549 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X, Me.mob2.Location.Y + 1)
End If
ElseIf value = 3 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.X > 12 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X - 1, Me.mob2.Location.Y)
End If
ElseIf value = 4 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.X < 750 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X + 1, Me.mob2.Location.Y)
End If
End If
End Function
Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
mob()
End Sub
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Q: Android app debug apk does not ask for permissions on some devices On some devices, the app correctly asks permissions while sidloading. On others (Android 6.0), it does not ask permissions while sideloading at all. The permissions are listed in the manifest.xml (below) and work perfectly for some devices (Android 5.0). On other devices (Android 4.0, 6.0.1), it asks permissions as it should but does not seem to incorporate all of them. The popup below is an example of what happens when a button to send an sms is clicked.
I have only had limited testing and the problems seems to be a little different depending on which android version the device is running. That being said, it could be stemming from something different, I wouldn't know.
Does anyone know why this is happening?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.catalizeapp.catalize_ss25">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PROFILE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="Catalize"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name=".LoginActivity"
android:label="Catalize">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.default_searchable"
android:value="Contacts" />
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.searchable"
android:resource="@xml/searchable" />
</activity>
<activity android:name=".Contacts" />
<activity android:name=".Account"
android:theme="@style/SuperCoolAppBarActivity"/>
<meta-data android:name = "android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value= ".Contacts"/>
<activity android:name=".ReportBug">
<meta-data android:name = "android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value=".Contacts"/>
</activity>
</application></manifest>
(IMAGE) When a button that should send a text message is clicked, this pops up instead of executing the action of the button
A: According to the documentation:
If the device is running Android 6.0 or higher, and your app's target SDK is 23 or higher: The app has to list the permissions in the manifest, and it must request each dangerous permission it needs while the app is running. The user can grant or deny each permission, and the app can continue to run with limited capabilities even if the user denies a permission request.
That's the reason why althought you have declared the permissions in your manifest file you still need to ask for them at runtime.
As a workaround you can set a minSdkVersion < 23, but also as the documentation says:
Note: Beginning with Android 6.0 (API level 23), users can revoke permissions from any app at any time, even if the app targets a lower API level. You should test your app to verify that it behaves properly when it's missing a needed permission, regardless of what API level your app targets.
Also, according to the Permissions Best Practices you should test against both permission models to provide a better user experience.
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Wells, Jenny C. and Bryan G. Cook. "Special Education Identification." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation, edited by Bruce B. Frey, 1561-1562. Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Wells, J & Cook, B 2018, 'Special education identification', in Frey, B (ed.), The sage encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks,, CA, pp. 1561-1562, viewed 21 April 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Wells, Jenny C. and Bryan G. Cook. "Special Education Identification." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. Ed. Bruce B. Frey. Thousand Oaks,: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. 1561-1562. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 21 Apr. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Special education identification refers to the process for determining whether children and youth are eligible to receive services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, a federal law commonly referred to as IDEA. The primary intent of the law is to ensure that all children with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education. The IDEA includes a Child Find mandate that requires states to develop and implement a plan to seek, screen, and identify all children and youth between the ages of 3–21 years who may have a disability. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
North Wales Pre-Wedding Shoot: Sophie & Geraint
While I was up in North Wales over half term I met up with another couple who've chosen Portmeirion for their wedding. Sophie and Geraint will be tying the knot there very soon, but they wanted to do their pre-wedding photos somewhere different. They both grew up in Llanbedr-Dyffryn-Clwyd in Denbighshire and the surrounding hills are very special to them as they spent lots of time together there when they growing up. We faced a few challenges on our way to the tree where Geraint proposed (how romantic?!!), such as some rather less than amiable cows, but with a detour to the top of the hill and an alternative route, we made it! We also went to their favourite lake and found some beautiful bluebells. It was lovely to be able to capture them in this special location and I can't wait to go back up to Wales for their wedding.
North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography
Keywords: Moel Famau, North Wales, engagement, hills, photographer, photography, pre-wedding, relaxed
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Created as a result of the regionalization and decentralization process initiated by the IUCN Secretariat in 2006, PACO was born from the merger of the Central Africa and West Africa programs.
IUCN in Central and West Africa
IUCN has been active in Central and West Africa for more than thirty years; first through several national offices in West Africa, then a Regional Office for Central Africa (BRAC) in 1995, and a Regional Office for West Africa (BRAO) in 1997. In 2006, IUCN's administrative reorganization process to reconfigure the Regional Offices in Africa and West Asia led to the merger of BRAC and BRAO into a single program in 2008: PACO (Central and West Africa Program). The regional office was then based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
In 2019, PACO coordination was partially relocated to Dakar, Senegal.
PACO is a mechanism for achieving the mission and vision of IUCN in the region, consisting of 25 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo)
PACO's actions are part of the implementation of the IUCN's four-year program. They concern both the issue of conservation policies and global, regional and local environmental governance as well as field projects related to the sustainable management of biological diversity. To date, it is deployed through :
8 country programs (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Democratic Republic of Congo and Senegal), which implement their programs and projects and ensure a better anchoring with the global programs and the IUCN Commissions.
4 regional thematic programs (RTPs):
Forest Conservation, based in Yaoundé, Cameroon;
Water Resources and Wetlands, based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
Marine and Coastal, based in Dakar, Senegal;
Protected Areas and Biodiversity, based in Dakar, Senegal
01 project office (Ghana).
Pursuing its policy of partnerships aimed at providing hosting to institutions, projects or regional networks of great importance for conservation, PACO currently hosts TRAFFIC (The wildlife trade monitoring network).
Members and Commissions
As of today (December 2019), PACO has 115 Members out of the 1400 at the global level, including 10 States, 11 governmental agencies and 81 national and international NGOs operating in various fields of activities related to PACO's thematic programs. It has 1 Regional Members Committee (CREMACO) and 8 National Members Committees (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Guinea Bissau, Mali and Senegal).
PACO also has nearly 600 members of IUCN Commissions out of the more than 15,000 at the global level.
Gestion des forêts de mangroves du Sénégal au Bénin
L'objectif global du projet est d'atteindre une protection intégrée de la diversité et des écosystèmes fragiles de Mangrove en Afrique de l'Ouest et leur résilience renforcée aux changements climatiques. L'objectif spécifique du projet est de…
West and Central Africa Regional Office
- Tất cả -BeninBurkina FasoBurundiCabo VerdeCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoCongo (DROC)Côte d'IvoireEquatorial GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea BissauLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSão Tomé and PríncipeSenegalSierra LeoneTogo
Story | 26 Th1, 2023
Promoting Biodiversity Net Gain in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Story | 22 Th12, 2022
Indigenous Women's Insights – Stewarding the Earth
Commission statement | 2014
IUCN Commission Statement on the threat posed by unregulated use of poison
The Restoration Initiative: A Sao Tome and Principe story
The Restoration Initiative: A Guinea-Bissau story
The Restoration Initiative: A Democratic Republic of the Congo story
All West and Central Africa | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Are you looking for short-term loans to meet your monetary needs? In Utah, you can take a FLEX Loan from Advance Financial. FLEX Loans offer a minimum sum of $100 to a maximum amount of $4,000 to meet your cash needs. A FLEX Loan is an open line of credit where you can withdraw more cash whenever you need.
In Utah, Payday Loans offer short-term loans up to $500 that will be due by your next payday. Unlike FLEX Loans, Payday Loans don't have an open line of credit and are a single-time transaction. With Payday Loans you need to payback the debt by your next payday and on the other hand, FLEX Loans allow you to set a flexible loan tenure and also permits you to pay the debt in minimal amounts on each due date. FLEX Loans allow you to withdraw only the amount you need and pay interest and fees on the amount withdrawn from the date of borrowing. While, Payday Loans don't offer extra cash and you need to pay interest on the whole loan amount.
To conclude, Advance Financial in Utah offers FLEX Loans that offer you cash from $100 up to $4,000. With FLEX Loans you can use the amount you want and the interest and fees are charged only on the amount used from the date of borrowing. The balance of cash will be your line of credit which is kept open for you to get extra cash within your credit limit whenever you need. FLEX Loans allow you to pay back the loan in minimal due amounts. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
CRAE monitors and reports on the extent to which children are enjoying their rights in practice, to ensure that the Government is held accountable for its record on children's rights.
We submit reports to international human rights bodies, including the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, when they are considering how well children's rights are protected in the UK.
In 2016, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child issued recommendations (known as Concluding Observations) telling the Government how it should improve the protection of children's rights in the UK. Every year, we publish State of Children's Rights in England, a review of the progress made in implementing these recommendations.
It is not just central government which has responsibilities under the UNCRC. Local authorities should also ensure that they comply with children's rights. CRAE also monitors the enjoyment of children's rights at the local level. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Final lineup set for sole night of ABC Democratic primary debate
By: Kendall Karson, ABC News
Posted at 10:21 AM, Aug 29, 2019
Eight months into the campaign season, the third matchup in a series of Democratic National Committee-sanctioned primary debates will feature a winnowed field. It's the smallest qualifying roster yet for a debate with 20 candidates still in the running.
The 10 candidates certified by the Democratic National Committee to participate in the debate, hosted by ABC News in partnership with Univision, are (in alphabetical order):
Former Vice President Joe Biden
New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker
South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg
Former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro
California Sen. Kamala Harris
Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar
Former Texas Rep. Beto O'Rourke
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders
Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren
Entrepreneur Andrew Yang
The DNC formally notified the campaigns Thursday that their candidates had qualified for the debate. The podium order -- where the candidates will stand on the debate stage in relation to each other -- will be announced at 3:30 p.m. ET on ABC News Live's "The Briefing Room."
The debate format will be one minute and 15 seconds for direct responses to questions and 45 seconds for responses and rebuttals. Candidates will have the opportunity to deliver opening statements, but there will be no closing statements.
As previously announced, ABC News Chief Anchor George Stephanopoulos, ABC News "World News Tonight" Anchor and Managing Editor David Muir, ABC News Correspondent Linsey Davis and Univision Anchor Jorge Ramos will moderate.
The debate will be held at Texas Southern University, a public, historically black university, and will air from 8 to 11 p.m. ET across ABC, Univision with a Spanish translation, locally on KTRK-TV and on ABC News Live. The streaming channel is available on the ABCNews.com, Good Morning America and FiveThirtyEight websites and mobile phone apps, as well as Hulu Live, The Roku Channel, Facebook Watch, AppleTV, Amazon Fire TV, YouTube, Apple News, and Twitter.
In the two prior debates in Miami and Detroit earlier this summer, the current two polling front-runners never tangled on the same stage. But in September, Biden and Warren are set to clash for the first time as the field enters a new phase of the primary.
The ideological divide within the Democratic Party will be front and center. Biden will be up against both progressive stalwarts Warren and Sanders, who have avoided criticizing each other so far this cycle, and who even teamed up to champion their shared vision for transformative progressive reform during the July debate.
But Warren might not have an ally this time to help play defense against an expected new round of criticism. After spending the first part of the year trailing Sanders, Warren often now outpaces her liberal colleague in recent polls.
Biden, with a target on his back, is expected to have to fend off attacks from all sides with Harris, Booker, Buttigieg and Yang all armed with fresh ammunition. Klobuchar is another middle-of-the-road candidate who might take aim at a progressive agenda that touts Medicare for All and free public college tuition.
Castro and O'Rourke, both appearing in their home state, are also on the same stage again, potentially teeing up another wrangle between the two Texans.
Earlier this year, prior to the first Democratic debates, the DNC announced more stringent qualifying rules for the fall debates in September and October. Details for the October debate have not yet been announced.
In order to qualify for the September debate, candidates needed to cross both the polling and grassroots funding thresholds. Candidates must have received 2% or more support in at least four national polls or polls conducted in the early-voting states of Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and/or Nevada and have been publicly released between June 28 and August 28.
Any candidates' four qualifying polls must have been sponsored by one or more of the following organizations approved by the DNC: The Associated Press, ABC News, CBS News, CNN, the Des Moines Register, Fox News, Monmouth University, NBC News, The New York Times, National Public Radio, Quinnipiac University, University of New Hampshire, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, the Washington Post and Winthrop University. They also needed to be conducted by different organizations or -- if by the same organization -- had to be in different geographical areas.
Candidates also needed to receive donations from at least 130,000 unique donors over the course of the election cycle, with a minimum of 400 unique donors per state in at least 20 states. Qualifying donations must have been received by 11:59 p.m. on Aug. 28 for the September debate.
HOW TO WATCH THE DEBATE: The ABC News Democratic Debate will air live nationally on the ABC Television Network and Univision (with a Spanish translation) and locally on KTRK-TV. ABC News will livestream the debate on ABC News Live – the network's 24/7 breaking news and live events streaming channel – on Roku, Hulu, AppleTV, Amazon Fire TV, YouTube, Apple News, Facebook, Twitter, and the ABC News, Good Morning America and FiveThirtyEight websites and mobile phone apps. Univision News will also livestream the debate on all of its digital platforms including Facebook, YouTube and Periscope. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: De-Activate Physics on SpriteKit i wanna dis-activate the physic of node for a while .Please help me figure that out .
SKSpriteNode * node = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"blade.png"];
node.size = CGSizeMake(30, 30);
node.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody bodyWithRectangleOfSize:node.size];
node.physicsBody.dynamic = YES;
node.physicsBody.collisionBitMask = CharacterCategory;
node.physicsBody.categoryBitMask = ObjectCategory;
node.physicsBody.contactTestBitMask = CharacterCategory;
node.position = nd.Position;
node.physicsBody.mass = 10000;
SKAction * actfadein = [SKAction fadeInWithDuration:nd.FadeInDuration];
SKAction * actfadeout = [SKAction fadeOutWithDuration:nd.FadeOutDuration];
SKAction * wait = [SKAction waitForDuration:3];
SKAction * removephy = [SKAction runBlock:^(void){
// i tried to removeFromParent but it never comes back
}];
SKAction * activatephy = [SKAction runBlock:^(void){
//[self addChild:node];
}];
SKAction * myActions = [SKAction sequence:@[actfadeout,removephy,wait,activatephy,actfadein]];
[node runAction:[SKAction repeatActionForever:myActions]];
[FadeObjects addChild:node];
A: Just set the physicsBody property of the SKSpriteNode to nil. If you later need to apply physics again, just assign another physicsBody.
A: Set this:
node.physicsBody.dynamic = NO;
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Q: Как восстановить место в справке Vim? Допустим, я читал некий топик во встроенной справке Vim. Как вернуться к месту чтения после закрытия и повторного запуска Vim? При этом использовался Session.vim. Опция 'sessionoptions' слово "help" содержит.
Окно со справкой восстанавливается. Проблема в том, что файл справки в этом окне после восстановления становится обычным файлом, в котором забыты теги переходов, да и сами теги по ^] перестают работать. Выручает копирование тега, :h <вставка_тега>. Открывается новое окно справки. При этом предыдущее окно с сохранённой справкой вновь становится окном справки. Вот.
Можно ли сделать это проще?
Vim 7.4 в Linux и Cygwin
A: Это баг. "Починить" теги можно принудительно установив опцию :h 'buftype' и др. Например:
~/.vim/after/ftplugin/help.vim
if &buftype !=# 'help'
setl buftype=help iskeyword=!-~,^*,^\|,^\",192-255
setl foldmethod& tabstop&
setl noarabic nobinary nobuflisted nocursorbind nodiff nofoldenable nolist
setl nomodifiable nonumber norelativenumber norightleft noscrollbind nospell
endif
UPD. Пропатчено Vim 8.2.4007.
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
require 'whois/record/parser/base'
require 'whois/record/parser/scanners/verisign'
module Whois
class Record
class Parser
# Parser for the jobswhois.verisign-grs.com server.
class JobswhoisVerisignGrsCom < Base
include Scanners::Ast
property_supported :disclaimer do
node("Disclaimer")
end
property_supported :domain do
node("Domain Name") { |raw| raw.downcase }
end
property_not_supported :domain_id
property_supported :referral_whois do
node("Whois Server")
end
property_supported :referral_url do
node("Referral URL") do |raw|
last_useful_item(raw)
end
end
property_supported :status do
node("Status")
end
property_supported :available? do
node("Registrar").nil?
end
property_supported :registered? do
!available?
end
property_supported :created_on do
node("Creation Date") { |raw| Time.parse(raw) }
end
property_supported :updated_on do
node("Updated Date") { |raw| Time.parse(raw) }
end
property_supported :expires_on do
node("Expiration Date") { |raw| Time.parse(raw) }
end
property_supported :registrar do
node("Registrar") do |raw|
Whois::Record::Registrar.new(:name => last_useful_item(raw), :organization => last_useful_item(raw), :url => referral_url)
end
end
property_supported :nameservers do
Array.wrap(node("Name Server")).reject { |value| value =~ /no nameserver/i }.map do |name|
Nameserver.new(name.downcase)
end
end
# Initializes a new {Scanners::Verisign} instance
# passing the {#content_for_scanner}
# and calls +parse+ on it.
#
# @return [Hash]
def parse
Scanners::Verisign.new(content_for_scanner).parse
end
protected
# In case of "SPAM Response", the response contains more than one item
# for the same value and the value becomes an Array.
def last_useful_item(values)
values.is_a?(Array) ? values.last : values
end
end
end
end
end | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Moderna COVID-19 vaccine efficacy falls slightly to 90 per cent in U.S. trial
WASHINGTON — U.S. biotech company Moderna announced that its COVID-19 vaccine is 90 per cent effective against all forms of the disease and 95 per cent effective against severe disease.
The new results come from its ongoing Phase 3 clinical trial involving more 30,000 people across the United States, and the headline efficacy figure is a slight decrease from an earlier figure of 94.1 per cent, which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in December.
The new number is based on 900 adjudicated cases of COVID-19 from the study as of April 9, while the previous figure was based on 185 cases.
A company press release did not indicate why efficacy has fallen, but one reason might be the emergence of new variants of concern which are not as susceptible to antibodies evoked to the vaccine.
Moderna is working on two variant-specific boosters, and said mice studies showed they elicited an increased immune response. The results of these studies have been posted online in a scientific paper that is now awaiting peer review.
"The new preclinical data on our variant-specific vaccine candidates give us confidence that we can proactively address emerging variants," said CEO Stephane Bancel.
The company said that as of April 12, it has delivered 132 million doses of its vaccine globally, including approximately 117 million doses to the United States.
It remains on course to deliver its second tranche of 100 million doses by the end of May followed by 100 million more by the end of July.
The company's clinical trial for adolescents aged 12 to 17 is now fully enrolled with 3,000 U.S. participants, and its pediatric trial for children aged six months to 11 years is continuing to enroll its 6,750 participants in the United States and China.
Previous Physical inactivity associated with higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: study
Next If you've recently had the J&J vaccine, watch for these rare symptoms, CDC says | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
^ Jill Littrell (2014). Understanding and Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism:volume Ii: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-317-78314-5. The World Health Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems
We all know whole grains are good for us, but we've collected the best whole-grain recipes to make them a regular part of your cooking routine. The fiber and nutrients associated with whole grains make them an essential part of a healthy diet, but it's often difficult to work them into your everyday cooking. This collection of recipes uses whole grains—from brown rice to whole-wheat pasta—in a delicious variety of ways.
This loaded veggie bowl gets a touch of smoke from the chili-spiced sweet potatoes and roasted bell pepper and plenty of zing from fresh lime. Chili powder and lime also give toasted almonds an addictive crust; make extra and enjoy as a snack. Cotija cheese has a dry, crumbly texture—it won't melt or disappear into the bowl. Use it to top tacos, stir into whole-grain salads, or top roasted broccoli.
The preparation of animal-based food usually involves slaughter, evisceration, hanging, portioning, and rendering. In developed countries, this is usually done outside the home in slaughterhouses, which are used to process animals en masse for meat production. Many countries regulate their slaughterhouses by law. For example, the United States has established the Humane Slaughter Act of 1958, which requires that an animal be stunned before killing. This act, like those in many countries, exempts slaughter in accordance to religious law, such as kosher, shechita, and dhabīḥah halal. Strict interpretations of kashrut require the animal to be fully aware when its carotid artery is cut.[84]
Edible animal material, including muscle, offal, milk, eggs and egg whites, contains substantial amounts of protein. Almost all vegetable matter (in particular legumes and seeds) also includes proteins, although generally in smaller amounts. Mushrooms have high protein content. Any of these may be sources of essential amino acids. When proteins are heated they become denatured (unfolded) and change texture. In many cases, this causes the structure of the material to become softer or more friable – meat becomes cooked and is more friable and less flexible. In some cases, proteins can form more rigid structures, such as the coagulation of albumen in egg whites. The formation of a relatively rigid but flexible matrix from egg white provides an important component in baking cakes, and also underpins many desserts based on meringue.
Live food is commonly used as feed for a variety of species of exotic pets and zoo animals, ranging from alligators to various snakes, frogs and lizards, but also including other, non-reptile, non-amphibian carnivores and omnivores (for instance, skunks, which are omnivorous mammals, can be technically be fed a limited amount of live food, though this is not known to be a common practice). Common live food ranges from crickets (used as an inexpensive form of feed for carnivorous and omnivorous reptiles such as bearded dragons and commonly available in pet stores for this reason), waxworms, mealworms and to a lesser extent cockroaches and locusts, to small birds and mammals such as mice or chickens.
Fruits are the ripened ovaries of plants, including the seeds within. Many plants and animals have coevolved such that the fruits of the former are an attractive food source to the latter, because animals that eat the fruits may excrete the seeds some distance away. Fruits, therefore, make up a significant part of the diets of most cultures. Some botanical fruits, such as tomatoes, pumpkins, and eggplants, are eaten as vegetables.[10] (For more information, see list of fruits.) | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Dr. Young is an Assistant Professor and Biostatistician in the Department of Population Medicine. Her research focuses on the development and application of statistical methods that may remain valid for estimating the causal effects of time-varying treatment strategies on health outcomes in the face of complex time-varying confounding and selection bias. She has particular interest in failure event outcomes that may be subject to competing risk events and dynamic time-varying treatment strategies; i.e. strategies under which treatment assignment at a given time may depend on time-evolving patient characteristics.
Dr. Young received her doctoral degree in Biostatistics from the University of California, Berkeley in 2007. Prior to joining DPM, she was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow and Research Associate in the Program on Causal Inference at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. | {
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Your doctor prescribed a new medicine to you. You don't quite understand why, but you trust that your doctor knows what he or she doing. After about a month, you don't feel much different, which makes you wonder: Is this medicine even working?
If you're not feeling or seeing an improvement while taking your medicine, it's understandable that you may feel like it's not doing its job. The thing is, many medicines may seem like they're not doing anything, but in reality, they're actually working really hard behind the scenes. Even though you can't feel it, they're helping.
"For silent chronic conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, it may be working, but you may not be feeling the effects," says Preeti Parikh, MD, chief medical editor at HealthiNation and a pediatrician at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.
If you're feeling like you don't understand your prescription, don't stop taking it. Medications only work if you take them as directed. It can be dangerous if you skip doses, elect not to take a prescribed medicine, or take too much.
TIP #1: Ask your doctor what you can expect.
Whether you've been taking your medicine for a while or you've just been prescribed, it's important to discuss your treatment plan with your doctor and ask questions. You have every right to know exactly how your medication is going to affect you.
How is this medicine working in my body?
What's the long-term goal of this medication?
Are there tests to make sure the medications are working?
Write down any questions or concerns you have before your appointment so you don't forget.
TIP #2: Write down, repeat, and review.
At your appointment, write down the medication information, your treatment plan, and the answers to your questions.
Being thorough in this process will help clear up any miscommunication that may lead to confusion down the road.
TIP #3: At the pharmacy, ask for a patient handout.
When filling your prescription, talk to your pharmacist about any questions or concerns you may have and be sure to ask for a patient handout.
"Read the prescription information at the pharmacy and reread it when you refill your medication in case there are any changes," says Punkaj Khanna, PharmD, a pharmacist based in New York City.
Understanding your medications and taking them as directed is just as important to your health as getting enough exercise and eating a nutritious diet.
"Remember: You, your doctor, and your pharmacist are a team, so work together and make sure you're getting the best treatment plan possible," says Dr. Parikh.
Duration: 2:02. Last Updated On: April 17, 2019, 6:53 p.m. | {
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// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
using System;
namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Semantics
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents a conversion operation.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This interface is reserved for implementation by its associated APIs. We reserve the right to
/// change it in the future.
/// </remarks>
public interface IConversionExpression : IOperation
{
/// <summary>
/// Value to be converted.
/// </summary>
IOperation Operand { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Operator method used by the operation, null if the operation does not use an operator method.
/// </summary>
IMethodSymbol OperatorMethod { get; }
#pragma warning disable RS0010 // Avoid using cref tags with a prefix
/// <summary>
/// Gets the underlying common conversion information.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If you need conversion information that is language specific, use either
/// <see cref="T:Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.IConversionExpressionExtensions.GetConversion(IConversionExpression)"/> or
/// <see cref="T:Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.VisualBasic.GetConversion(IConversionExpression)"/>.
/// </remarks>
#pragma warning restore RS0010 // Avoid using cref tags with a prefix
CommonConversion Conversion { get; }
/// <summary>
/// True if and only if the conversion is indicated explicity by a cast operation in the source code.
/// </summary>
bool IsExplicitInCode { get; }
/// <summary>
/// False if the conversion will fail with a <see cref="InvalidCastException"/> at runtime if the cast fails. This is true for C#'s
/// <code>as</code> operator and for VB's <code>TryCast</code> operator.
/// </summary>
bool IsTryCast { get; }
/// <summary>
/// True if the conversion can fail at runtime with an overflow exception. This corresponds to C# checked and unchecked blocks.
/// </summary>
bool IsChecked { get; }
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Overnight Ratings
Fast Affiliates
Final Nationals
Live+3 Day
Mr. Television
Sunday Final Nationals: Increased Growth for 'Little Big Shots' in Time Slot Premiere on NBC
NBC's 'The Carmichael Show' Reaches Series-Highs, UniMas+Univision Deportes Delivers Top Rated Regular Season Club Soccer Match on TV in Six Years
by Douglas Pucci March 15, 2016, 9:55 pm 5 Comments
Follow @marcberman Follow @SonOfTheBronx
FOX drama "9-1-1: Lone Star" — Grade the series premiere episode
AMC was once again victorious on Sunday night in all key demos (2.4 adults 18-49 rating, 1.9 adults 18-34 rating, 2.8 adults 25-54 rating) with "The Walking Dead". But it was NBC's revamped Sunday lineup — with an average of 7.79 million — that won prime time among total viewers. It's the first time NBC has won an in-season Sunday outright among solely the broadcast networks in adults 18-49 with a full night of entertainment series programming (which means not counting sports like the NFL) in nearly 12 years (since April 8, 2004 with "Dateline," a repeat "Law & Order: Criminal Intent" and "Crossing Jordan"). It's also the first time NBC has won an in-season Sunday night among the broadcast networks in total viewers with a full night of entertainment series programming in nearly 12 years (since May 16, 2004 with "Dateline," "L&O: Criminal Intent" and "Crossing Jordan").
The regular-slot premiere of "Little Big Shots" was NBC's most-watched Sunday night regularly-scheduled entertainment telecast (excluding post-Super Bowl shows) in more than a decade, since "Law & Order: Criminal Intent" on March 13, 2005 (15.715 million). It increased its total audience by +17 percent from its Mar. 8 preview.
Unsurprisingly, NBC has already renewed "Little Big Shots" for a second season.
The regular-slot second-season premiere of NBC sitcom "The Carmichael Show" set series records in 18-49 and total viewers. With the assistance of its "Little Big Shots" lead-in, it topped the prior record by +17 percent in 18-49 (1.4 vs. 1.2 on Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015).
Univision Deportes delivered strong ratings for El Súper Clásico soccer match between Chivas and Guadalajara that aired on UniMás. The match was the highest rated regular season club soccer match on any network, regardless of language, among total viewers and adults 18-49, since 2010. The match's audience from UniMás and Univision Deportes combined to average 2.914 million total viewers and 1.773 million adults 18-49. On that night, UDN (Univision Deportes Network) ranked as the second most-watched cable sports network, regardless of language, in primetime among total viewers and adults 18-49, outperforming Fox Sports 1, NBC Sports Network and ESPN2.
For those who tuned into at least six minutes of the match, the telecast reached 4.7 million total viewers and 2.9 million adults 18-49, outperforming all NBA games on ESPN and NHL matches on NBC for the current season-to-date. The telecast also grew +1 percent among Total Viewers 2+ and +5 percent among Adults 18-49 from the Clausura 2015 Súper Clásico on Univision Deportes.
Source: Nielsen fast ratings, NPM, L+SD data
Coverage of El Súper Clásico match made UniMás the No. 1 broadcast station during the time period (9:15pm-11:30pm ET, live across time zones) among:
· Adults 18-49 in Los Angeles, Houston, Dallas and Phoenix
· Adults 18-34 in Los Angeles, Houston, Dallas, Phoenix and Sacramento
El Súper Clásico was the No.1 broadcast program of the day among:
· Adults 18-49 in Los Angeles and Phoenix
· Adults 18-34 in Phoenix
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For mobile users, you may scroll this table horizontally.
HH/Share
7-11 Network Average 2.7/5
7:00 America's Funniest Home Videos 3.3/6
8:00 Once Upon a Time 2.6/4
9:00 The Family 2.3/4
10:00 Quantico 2.5/5
12:00 Inside College Basketball
12:30 College Basketball: Atlantic 10 Basketball Championship St. Joseph's vs. Virginia Commonwealth (s)
2:46 Tournament Central (s)
3:00 College Basketball: Big Ten Basketball Championship Purdue vs. Michigan State (s)
5:30 NCAA Basketball Championship Selection Show (s)
7:30 60 Minutes 5.4/10
8:30 Scorpion (r) 3.0/5
10:00 CSI: Cyber (f) 4.1/7
7:00 Little Big Shots (r) 4.6/8
8:00 Little Big Shots 8.5/14
9:00 The Carmichael Show 3.9/6
9:30 The Carmichael Show (s) 2.7/4
10:00 Hollywood Game Night 1.9/3
7:00 Bordertown 1.3/2
7:30 Bob's Burgers 1.4/2
8:00 The Simpsons 1.8/3
8:30 Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life 1.2/2
9:00 Family Guy 1.8/3
9:30 The Last Man on Earth 1.5/2
7:00 Aqui y Ahora 0.7/1
8:00 Nuestra Belleza 1.0/2
10:18 Sal y Pimienta 1.0/2
8:30 Futbol Central 0.6/1
9:20 Futbol Mexicano Guadalajara vs. America (s) (thru 11:37) 1.3/2
Sub-Demo Breakdowns – Sunday 3/13/16
"America's Funniest Home Videos" (ABC)
Women 18-34: 0.7/3
Men 18-34: 0.7/3
"Once Upon a Time" (ABC)
"The Family" (ABC)
"Quantico" (ABC)
"60 Minutes" (CBS)
"CSI: Cyber" (CBS)
"Little Big Shots" (NBC)
Women 18-49: 3.3/11
"Bordertown" (Fox)
"Bob's Burgers" (Fox)
"The Simpsons" (Fox)
"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life" (Fox)
"Family Guy" (Fox)
"The Last Man on Earth" (Fox)
Women 18-34: 4.63
Men 18-34: 5.22
"Talking Dead" (AMC)
"Democratic Presidential Town Hall-Ohio" (CNN)
"Shameless" (Showtime)
"Billions" (Showtime)
"Girls" (HBO)
Cable Rankings – Sunday 3/13/16
What follows are the top 20 most-watched shows in prime time on cable for Sunday, March 13:
"The Walking Dead" (AMC, 9-10:02 p.m., 6.77 household rating): 12.530 million viewers (5.96 adults 18-49 rating)
"Talking Dead" (AMC, 10:02-11:01 p.m., 2.84 household rating): 5.056 (2.34)
"The Big Bang Theory" (TBS, 10-10:30 p.m.): 2.706 (0.93)
"The Big Bang Theory" (TBS, 10:30-11 p.m.): 2.685 (0.98)
"Democratic Presidential Town Hall-Ohio" (CNN, 8-10:02 p.m., 1.72 household rating): 2.664 million viewers (0.63 adults 18-49 rating)
"The Big Bang Theory" (TBS, 9:30-10 p.m.): 2.660 (0.88)
"Real Housewives of Atlanta" (Bravo, 8-9 p.m.): 2.522 (1.12)
"The Walking Dead" (AMC, 8-9 p.m.): 2.454 (0.99)
"The Big Bang Theory" (TBS, 9-9:30 p.m.): 2.438 (0.88)
"Naked and Afraid" (Discovery, 10-11:03 p.m.): 2.278 (0.84)
"The Big Bang Theory" (TBS, 8:30-9 p.m.): 2.270 (0.86)
"K.C. Undercover" (Disney Channel, 8-8:30 p.m.): 2.144 (0.36)
"Caribbean Life" (HGTV, 9:30-10 p.m.): 2.054 (0.44)
"Caribbean Life" (HGTV, 9-9:30 p.m.): 2.002 (0.45)
"Race for the White House" (CNN, 10:02-11:01 p.m., 1.30 household rating): 1.975 million viewers (0.42 adults 18-49 rating)
"Liv and Maddie" (Disney Channel, 8:30-9 p.m.): 1.932 (0.32)
"Family Guy" (Adult Swim, 10:30-11 p.m.): 1.930 (0.85)
"Island Life" (HGTV, 10-10:30 p.m.): 1.843 (0.36)
"Law & Order: SVU" (USA, 7-8 p.m.): 1.841 (0.62)
"Island Life" (HGTV, 10:30-11 p.m.): 1.835 (0.38)
"Beachfront Bargain Hunt" (HGTV, 8:30-9 p.m.): 1.827 (0.43)
"Long Lost Family" (TLC, 10-11 p.m.): 1.801 (0.42)
"Shameless" (Showtime, 9:03-9:54 p.m.): 1.682 (0.68)
"Beachfront Bargain Hunt" (HGTV, 8-8:30 p.m.): 1.650 (0.43)
"Real Housewives of the Potomac" (Bravo, 9-10 p.m.): 1.565 (0.69)
"All-Star Academy" (Food Network, 9-10 p.m.): 1.546 (0.41)
"College Gamenight: Bracketology" (ESPN, 9:01-11:00 p.m., 1.05 household rating): 1.542 million viewers (0.64 adults 18-49 rating)
"30 for 30: Fantastic Lies" (ESPN, 9:01-11:00 p.m., 0.96 household rating): 1.474 million viewers (0.66 adults 18-49 rating)
"Long Island Medium" (TLC, 9-10 p.m.): 1.432 (0.36)
"On the Case with Paula Zahn" (ID, 10-11 p.m.): 1.241 (0.27)
"Futbol Mexicano: Guadalajara vs. America" (Univision Deportes, 9:20-11:35 p.m., 0.54 household rating): 1.184 million viewers (0.56 adults 18-49 rating)
"Guy's Grocery Games" (Food Network, 8-9 p.m.): 1.180 (0.37)
"Bar Rescue" (Spike, 9-10 p.m.): 1.100 (0.49)
"Unusual Suspects" (ID, 9-10 p.m.): 1.099 (0.23)
"Billions" (Showtime, 10:01-10:57 p.m.): 1.093 (0.37)
"Cutthroat Kitchen" (Food Network, 10-11 p.m.): 1.058 (0.37)
"Intervention" (A&E, 10:00-11:01 p.m.): 0.898 (0.36)
"Hoarders" (A&E, 8-9 p.m.): 0.822 (0.30)
"Hollywood Medium" (E!, 10-11 p.m.): 0.784 (0.26)
"I Am Cait" (E!, 9-10 p.m.): 0.771 (0.32)
"Impractical Jokers" (truTV, 10-10:30 p.m.): 0.655 (0.34)
"Girls" (HBO, 10:00-10:27 p.m.): 0.479 (0.22)
Source: Live+Same Day data, Nielsen Media Research
Tagged with: 2016 Presidential Election, 30 For 30, 60 Minutes, All-Star Academy, America's Funniest Home Videos, Bar Rescue, Beachfront Bargain Hunt, Billions, Bob's Burgers, Bordertown, Caribbean Life, college basketball, Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life, CSI: Cyber, CSI:Cyber, Cutthroat Kitchen, Democratic Town Hall, Family Guy, Girls, Guy's Grocery Games, Hoarders, Hollywood Game Night, Hollywood Medium, I Am Cait, Impractical Jokers, Intervention, Island Life, K.C. Undercover, Law & Order: SVU, Little Big Shots, Liv and Maddie, Long Island Medium, Long Lost Family, March Madness, Naked and Afraid, NCAA March Madness, On the Case with Paula Zahn, Once Upon a Time, Quantico, Race for the White House, Real Housewives of Atlanta, Real Housewives of Potomac, Scorpion, Shameless, soccer, Talking Dead, The Big Bang Theory, The Carmichael Show, The Family, The Last Man on Earth, The Simpsons, The Walking Dead, UniMas, Univision, Univision Deportes, Unusual Suspects, Walking Dead
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Sunday Final Nationals: Respectable Results for 'The Passion Live' on Fox
by Douglas Pucci March 22, 2016 8 Comments
Sunday Final Nationals: 'Downton Abbey' Series Ender and Michigan Democratic Debate Limit the Broadcast Nets
by Douglas Pucci March 8, 2016 6 Comments
SonOfTheBronx says:
Visitors requesting ratings are only allowed a MAXIMUM of TWO shows per query. You cannot make additional requests until the prior ones you had made are addressed.
With the exception of broadcast network half-hours, time-block requests will not be answered. Requests also won't be fulfilled for a network's show rankings nor telecasts of marathons longer than two-hour periods.
Please note Programming Insider will not answer any request for a show's ratings prior to November 16, 2015. If you are requesting prior dates' numbers from Nov. 16 or later, you MUST post your query as a comment at that respective date's ratings page via https://programminginsider.com/category/ratings/
Ryan Wallis says:
Could I please have 'Rachel Hunter's Tour of Beauty' and 'Rough Draft with Reza Aslan' (Ovation)? Thanks.
Rachel Hunter's Tour of Beauty (Ovation, 3/13 8:00-8:30 p.m.) 54,000 viewers; 0.01 adults 18-49 rating
Rough Draft with Reza Aslan (Ovation, 3/13 8:30-9:00 p.m.) 14,000 viewers; 0.01 adults 18-49 rating
Thank you for going back in time to get this data for me today! I really hate to do this, but could I also have 'Lily Cole's Art Matters'(Ovation) from this day? It's the last one I'm missing from March. There's no rush obviously, and thanks again for everything you do!
Also, can I have an update on the project I emailed you about? If you haven't gotten to it yet, it's completely fine, I've been really busy too lately; I just need to know when I should have the $$$ set aside for. Thanks again!!
Lily Cole's Art Matters (Ovation, 3/13 12:00-1:00 p.m.) 1,000 viewers; zero adults 18-49
Leave a Reply to Ryan Wallis Cancel reply
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Designed and Powered by Optimize Studio, LLC | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: WPF: complex tab focus behavior My control is constructed from nested list boxes and tree views.
Each list box / tree view item also contains rich text boxes and other controls.
I want to define a 'tab' focus behavior such that when the user clicks 'Tab' the next focusable item (according to an order i define) will become focused.
Currently it doesn't work as i accept (it only works partially).
My question is not specific to my case - rather on how to define such behavior at all.
As an extreme example, let's say i want to completely control this and make the focus jump between items not physically near.
Anyone might know how this can be controlled?
A: Joe, this mechanism is smarter than i thought, check this nesting - it works perfectly:
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<StackPanel>
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
<Border BorderBrush="Red">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
</Border>
</StackPanel>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<StackPanel>
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
<Border BorderBrush="Red">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<ListBox KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Continue">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem Focusable="False">
<TextBox Width="300" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3" Focusable="True"/>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
</Border>
</StackPanel>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
A: Are you looking for the KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex property?
| {
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Tian Tian (; born March 25, 1983) is a Chinese chess Woman Grandmaster.
From 1999 to 2002 she went to Hungary to take part in tournaments and youth team championships in order to gain the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title, which she did by gaining norms at the First Saturday IM tournament November 2001 and the First Saturday IM Group B tournament in December 2001, both held in Budapest.
Her current Elo rating is 2106 (February 2021). Her highest Elo rating was 2355 from July to December 2001. At that time she was tenth on the Chinese women's ranking list and 77th in the female world rankings. She was coached by Ji Yungi, a chess instructor and trainer of the Qingdao Chess Center.
China Chess League
Tian Tian has played for Chongqing chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).
See also
Chess in China
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Chinese female chess players
Chess woman grandmasters
Chess players from Chongqing | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
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Q: Troubles in if-else statement in Rcpp With the following simplified code I wish to simulate from the N(0,1) distribution and return a list with the simulated values as well as a vector which depends on the simulated normals (see the code below). The problem is that the if-else statement is not working at all! Please, could somebody help me understand where is the problem?
#include <RcppArmadillo.h>
#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;
//[[Rcpp::depends(RcppArmadillo)]]
//[[Rcpp::export]]
List cond(arma::vec epsilon, IntegerVector Nsim) {
int iNsim = Nsim[0];
arma::vec ans(1);
arma::vec epsil(epsilon);
arma::vec vans = arma::zeros(iNsim);
arma::vec vcond = arma::zeros(iNsim);
LogicalVector cond;
RNGScope scope;
for (int i=0; i<iNsim; i++) {
ans = Rcpp::rnorm(1, 0.0, 1.0);
vans.row(i) = ans[0];
cond = abs(ans) >= epsil;
if (cond) {
vcond.row(i) = 10;
} else {
vcond.row(i) = -10;
}
}
return List::create(
_["sim"] = vans,
_["cond"] = vcond);
}
I run it in R by saving it to file.cpp and then by sourceCpp("file.cpp").
A: The original code is confused about where to use a vector, and where to use a scalar.
He is shorter and repaired version:
#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;
//[[Rcpp::export]]
DataFrame cond(double epsil, int iNsim) {
double ans;
NumericVector vans(iNsim);
NumericVector vcond(iNsim);
RNGScope scope;
for (int i=0; i<iNsim; i++) {
ans = R::rnorm(0.0, 1.0);
vans[i] = ans;
if (fabs(ans) >= epsil) {
vcond[i] = 10;
} else {
vcond[i] = -10;
}
}
return DataFrame::create(_["sim"] = vans,
_["cond"] = vcond);
}
Besides using (and passing) scalars where scalars were meant to be used, it also corrects abs() to fabs() -- a common C/C++ problem. I also reverted to Rcpp vectors - as much as I like to use Armadillo, it wasn't needed here.
Here is example output given a random seed:
R> sourceCpp("/tmp/erlis.cpp")
R> set.seed(1)
R> cond(1.0, 6)
sim cond
1 -0.626454 -10
2 0.183643 -10
3 -0.835629 -10
4 1.595281 10
5 0.329508 -10
6 -0.820468 -10
R>
A: Here is the solution:
#include <RcppArmadillo.h>
#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;
//[[Rcpp::depends(RcppArmadillo)]]
//[[Rcpp::export]]
List cond(arma::vec epsilon, IntegerVector Nsim) {
int iNsim = Nsim[0];
arma::vec ans(1);
arma::vec epsil(epsilon);
arma::vec vans = arma::zeros(iNsim);
arma::vec vcond = arma::zeros(iNsim);
LogicalVector cond;
RNGScope scope;
for (int i=0; i<iNsim; i++) {
ans = Rcpp::rnorm(1, 0.0, 1.0);
vans.row(i) = ans[0];
bool go_ = true;
for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++)
if(abs(ans[i]) < epsil[0])
go_ = false;
if (go_) {
vcond.row(i) = 10;
} else {
vcond.row(i) = -10;
}
}
return List::create(
_["sim"] = vans,
_["cond"] = vcond);
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"net"
"reflect"
"time"
c "github.com/flynn/flynn/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/flynn/go-check"
"github.com/flynn/flynn/discoverd/client"
"github.com/flynn/flynn/logaggregator/client"
)
type LogAggregatorSuite struct {
Helper
}
var _ = c.Suite(&LogAggregatorSuite{})
func (s *LogAggregatorSuite) TestReplication(t *c.C) {
app := s.newCliTestApp(t)
app.flynn("scale", "ish=1")
defer app.flynn("scale", "ish=0")
defer app.cleanup()
aggHost := "logaggregator.discoverd"
waitForAggregator := func(wantUp bool) func() {
ch := make(chan *discoverd.Event)
stream, err := app.disc.Service("logaggregator").Watch(ch)
t.Assert(err, c.IsNil)
up := make(chan struct{})
go func() {
timeout := time.After(60 * time.Second)
defer close(up)
defer stream.Close()
var current bool
for {
select {
case <-timeout:
t.Error("logaggregator did not come back within a minute")
return
case event := <-ch:
switch {
case event.Kind == discoverd.EventKindCurrent:
current = true
case !wantUp && current && event.Kind == discoverd.EventKindDown:
return
case wantUp && current && event.Kind == discoverd.EventKindUp:
aggHost, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(event.Instance.Addr)
return
}
}
}
}()
return func() {
<-up
}
}
wait := waitForAggregator(false)
flynn(t, "/", "-a", "logaggregator", "scale", "app=1")
wait()
instances, err := app.disc.Instances(app.name, time.Second*100)
t.Assert(err, c.IsNil)
ish := instances[0]
cc := s.controllerClient(t)
readLines := func(expectedLines ...string) {
lineCount := 10
lc, _ := client.New("http://" + aggHost)
out, err := lc.GetLog(app.id, &client.LogOpts{Follow: true, Lines: &lineCount})
t.Assert(err, c.IsNil)
done := make(chan struct{})
var lines []string
go func() {
defer close(done)
dec := json.NewDecoder(out)
for {
var msg client.Message
if err := dec.Decode(&msg); err != nil {
return
}
lines = append(lines, msg.Msg)
if reflect.DeepEqual(lines, expectedLines) {
return
}
}
}()
select {
case <-time.After(60 * time.Second):
case <-done:
}
out.Close()
t.Assert(lines, c.DeepEquals, expectedLines)
}
runIshCommand(ish, "echo line1")
runIshCommand(ish, "echo line2")
readLines("line1", "line2")
// kill logaggregator
wait = waitForAggregator(true)
jobs, err := cc.JobList("logaggregator")
t.Assert(err, c.IsNil)
for _, j := range jobs {
if j.State == "up" {
t.Assert(cc.DeleteJob(app.name, j.ID), c.IsNil)
}
}
wait()
// confirm that logs are replayed when it comes back
runIshCommand(ish, "echo line3")
readLines("line1", "line2", "line3")
// start new logaggregator
wait = waitForAggregator(true)
flynn(t, "/", "-a", "logaggregator", "scale", "app=2")
wait()
// confirm that logs show up in the new aggregator
runIshCommand(ish, "echo line4")
readLines("line1", "line2", "line3", "line4")
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Stocks Finish Slightly Higher Wednesday
1/31/2018 | 4:26 PM CST
(AP) -- U.S. stocks overcame a brief stumble to close slightly higher Wednesday, snapping a two-day losing streak.
The dip came after the Federal Reserve released its latest statement on interest rate policy and the economy, in which the central bank signaled that it expects inflation to pick up this year. The Fed, as expected, held off on raising interest rates.
Stocks bounced back in the last hour of trading, with gains by technology companies outweighing losses in health care and other sectors.
The latest batch of strong earnings from big companies, including Boeing, helped put investors back in a buying mood a day after the market had its biggest drop since August.
"The markets have turned around," said Erik Davidson, chief investment officer for Wells Fargo Private Bank. "Many people have been waiting for it to dip as it's marched higher and higher, and we finally had two days of weakness, particularly yesterday."
The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 1.38 points, or 0.1 percent, to 2,823.81. The Dow Jones industrial average added 72.50 points, or 0.3 percent, to 26,149.39. The Nasdaq composite climbed 9 points, or 0.1 percent, to 7,411.48. The Russell 2000 index of smaller-company stocks gave up 7.83 points, or 0.5 percent, to 1,574.98.
All told, the indexes ended January with solid gains.
Boeing climbed 4.9 percent after the aerospace giant's latest results topped Wall Street's expectations. The stock, which has been the biggest gainer in the Dow over the past year, added $16.66 to $354.37.
Electronic Arts led the rally in technology companies, jumping 7 percent after the video game maker forecast quarterly earnings and sales that were well ahead of what analysts expected. The stock was the biggest gainer in the S&P 500, rising $8.26 to $126.96.
Some 80 percent of the companies that have reported earnings in recent weeks have beat expectations. Typically, it's around two-thirds. Management teams are also touting stronger sales growth than in previous quarters.
"The combination is really helping drive the market higher and making investors feel more confident about the outlook for 2018," said Kate Warne, investment strategist at Edward Jones.
The market was higher for most of the day but briefly gave up its gains after the Fed released its economic and interest rate policy update.
The central bank left its benchmark interest rate unchanged in a still-low range of 1.25 percent to 1.5 percent and signaled that it expects to resume raising rates gradually to reflect an improving, healthy job market and economy.
The Fed also said that it expects inflation to finally pick up this year and to stabilize around the Fed's target level of 2 percent. In its previous statement, the Fed had predicted that inflation would remain below its target rate.
That revision appeared to put off some investors, triggering the sell-off that pulled stock indexes into the red until the last hour of trading.
"Investors have continued to think that inflation will remain below 2 percent, and the Fed is more clearly indicating that they think inflation will pick up to the 2 percent range," Warne said. "And that's led to higher long-term rates and, as a result, stocks have moved down today."
Health care stocks posted the biggest decline for the second day in a row.
Eli Lilly lost $4.64, or 5.4 percent, to $81.45, while Gilead Sciences gave up $3.49, or 4 percent, to $83.80.
Some companies' quarterly report cards failed to impress traders.
Juniper Networks slumped 7.7 percent after the provider of network equipment forecast quarterly results that were well below what Wall Street analysts expected. The stock fell more than any other company in the S&P 500, shedding $2.17 to $26.15.
Textron shares also fell after the industrial conglomerate's results fell of forecasts. The stock slid $1.51, or 2.5 percent, to $58.67.
Bond prices didn't move much. The yield on the 10-year Treasury remained at 2.72 percent after briefly moving higher.
The prospect for stronger economic growth, both in the U.S. and abroad, has helped drive bond yields higher in recent months. This week yields have hovered at the highest level since April 2014. Rising yields make bonds more appealing to investors seeking income, but they can also lead to higher financing costs for companies, homebuyers and other borrowers.
The dollar rose to 109.11 yen from 108.78 yen on Tuesday. The euro edged up to $1.2410 from $1.2404.
Gold rose $3.60 to $1,339 an ounce. Silver added 18 cents to $17.24 an ounce. Copper gained 1 cent to $3.20 a pound.
Oil prices reversed an early slide. Benchmark U.S. crude rose 23 cents to settle at $64.73 per barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Brent crude, used to price international oils, gained 3 cents to $69.05 a barrel in London.
In other futures trading, wholesale gasoline added 1 cent to $1.91 a gallon. Heating oil was little changed at $2.07 a gallon. Natural gas fell 20 cents, or 6.3 percent, to $3 per 1,000 cubic feet.
Germany's DAX fell 0.1 percent, while France's CAC 40 gained 0.1 percent. London's FTSE 100 fell 0.7 percent. In Asia, Tokyo's Nikkei 225 fell 0.8 percent, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng rose 0.9 percent. Sydney's S&P-ASX 200 added 0.3 percent.
(BE) | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Quiz: Create a Rock Playlist and We'll Guess Which Mythological Creature You Are: HowStuffWorks
Create a Rock Playlist and We'll Guess Which Mythological Creature You Are
Image: kate_sept2004/E+/Getty Images
Whether your day is smelling like teen spirit or you've been rocking and rolling through your day, we're here to bring a new perspective into your life. When you start viewing yourself as the mythical creature you are, you will be able to take on the world! All you have to do to find out is make the rock playlist of your dreams.
From classic rock to bands out there on the stages night after night, rock 'n roll has been around since the 1950s. Kicked off by acts like Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley, the genre has grown to include most any sort of rock you can imagine. You might like newer bands more than some of the legends, but we will give you the chance to build a rock playlist your friends will love as much as you do.
The use of mythical creatures in rock has been a long-standing tradition. Rock never fails to venture to magical places, so it will be easy to figure out which creature you are by learning about your tastes in rock music. Will you be the mythical creature you think you are, or will we surprise you? Only the gods of rock know for sure!
Which Nirvana song would start your playlist?
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"Heart-Shaped Box"
"Come As You Are"
"Lithium"
Which Led Zeppelin song would you add?
"Four Sticks"
"Black Dog"
"Stairway to Heaven"
"Whole Lotta Love"
Which Bon Jovi song gets a slot?
I don't like Bon Jovi.
"Runaway"
"Bad Medicine"
"Livin' on a Prayer"
What Poison song makes the cut?
"Unskinny Bop"
"Talk Dirty to Me"
"Every Rose Has its Thorn"
I don't care for Poison.
Which AC/DC song makes the cut?
"Thunderstruck"
"Hells Bells"
"Dirty Deeds"
"You Shook Me"
Which Black Sabbath song would you add?
"Paranoid"
"War Pigs"
"Sweet Leaf"
"Ironman"
Which of The Rolling Stones' songs would you add?
"Angie"
"Wild Horses"
"Brown Sugar"
"Satisfaction"
To which Queen song will you give a spin?
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
"Fat Bottomed Girls"
"We Will Rock You"
"Somebody to Love"
Which Pearl Jam song makes the list?
"Jeremy"
"Alive"
"Even Flow"
Which Journey song would you add in the middle?
"Don't Stop Believing"
"Open Arms"
"Faithfully"
"Wheel in the Sky"
Which Metallica song would you add to speed things up?
"One"
"Master of Puppets"
"Fade to Black"
"Sad But True"
Which Aerosmith song gets a play?
"Walk This Way"
"Dream On"
"Sweet Emotion"
"Crazy"
Which Guns 'n Roses song would make your list?
"Sweet Child O' Mine"
"Welcome to the Jungle"
"Mr. Brownstone"
"Shadow of Your Love"
Which song by The Beatles gets a slot on your list?
"I Wanna Hold Your Hand"
"Hey Jude"
"Blackbird"
Which Rush song makes the list?
"Tom Sawyer"
"Working Man"
"Limelight"
"The Trees"
Which Pink Floyd song would you choose?
"Wish You Were Here"
"Another Brick in the Wall"
"Hey You"
"Shine On You Crazy Diamond"
Which Soundgarden song makes your list of choices?
"Spoonman"
"Fell on Black Days"
"Black Hole Sun"
"Outshined"
Which Jimi Hendrix song goes on your playlist?
"Hey Joe"
"All Along the Watch Tower"
"Purple Haze"
I don't know his work.
Which Fleetwood Mac song gets a slot?
"Go Your Own Way"
"Dreams"
"Rhiannon"
"The Chain"
Which Imagine Dragons songs makes your list?
"Radioactive"
"Thunder"
I don't know their music.
"Believer"
Which Tom Petty song gets to make your list?
"Free Fallin'"
"American Girl"
"Learning to Fly"
"I Won't Back Down"
Which Neil Young song makes the list?
"Old Man"
"Heart of Gold"
"Harvest Moon"
"Southern Man"
Which Judas Priest song makes your playlist?
"Breaking the Law"
"Turbo Lover"
"Painkiller"
"You've Got Another Thing Coming"
Which Alice Cooper song would you add?
"School's Out"
"I'm Eighteen"
"Poison"
"No More Mister Nice Guy"
Which Creedence Clearwater Revival song would you add?
"Fortunate Son"
"Bad Moon Rising"
"Proud Mary"
"Born on the Bayou"
Which Deep Purple song would you add?
"Space Trucking"
"Smoke on the Water"
"Woman from Tokyo"
Which of The Who's songs makes your playlist?
"Baba O'Reilly"
"My Generation"
"Behind Blue Eyes"
"Magic Bus"
Which Weezer song would you add?
"Buddy Holly"
"Say It Ain't So"
"Hash Pipe"
Which Rod Stewart song makes the list?
"Maggie May"
"Young Turks"
"Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?"
"Sailing"
Which Whitesnake song is a must have?
"Is This Love?"
"Here I Go Again"
"Still of the Night"
"Give Me All Your Love"
Create an '80s Pop Playlist and We'll Guess Which Mythological Creature You Are
Which Mythical Creature Lives in Your Heart?
Create a Country Playlist and We'll Guess Which Mythological Creature You Are
Which Mythical Creature Guards Your Heart?
Tell Us Your Feelings About These Animals and We'll Guess Which Mythical Creature Is Your Guardian
What Mythical Creature Guards Your Heart?
Make an '80s Playlist and We'll Guess What Dog Breed You Own
What Kind of Mythical Creature Are You?
Create a Hip-Hop Playlist and We'll Guess What Dog Breed You Own
Which Sea Creature Are You? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Jochen Sands/Digital Vision/Getty Images
What Is a Cath Lab Technologist?
Holly McGurgan
Dentists $158,390/year /> 2012-2016 +1.3%
Nuclear Medicine ... $74,350/year 2012-2016 -2.9%
Job Descriptions •
A cath lab tech assists cardiologists who perform cardiac catheterizations and other heart procedures. Although the majority of technicians work in hospitals, they're also employed in outpatient facilities, doctor's office and laboratories. If you're considering a career as cath lab technician, you'll need good interpersonal skills, proficiency in operating specialized medical equipment and the ability to remain calm during stressful situations.
Depending on the facility, a cath lab technician may also be known as a cardiac catheterization technologist or a cardiovascular technician. The technicians prepare patients for procedures, explain what will happen during tests and procedures, and provide a little reassurance if patients are nervous or upset.
They often assist in cardiac catheterization, a procedure used to assess heart muscle function, detect blockages, open blocked arteries, and determine if the patient has heart disease. The imaging procedure involves inserting a hollow catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg. Once the catheter is in place, it's slowly passed through the network of vessels and into the heart.
Cath techs clean and shave the insertion area before the procedure begins and monitor the patient's heart rate and other vital signs during the catheterization. They're trained to detect even slight abnormalities and report them to the cardiologist immediately.
Cardiologists and cath lab techs take precautions to prevent problems during procedures, but complications may still occur in a small percentage of cases. Whether a patient experiences an allergic reaction to anesthesia, bleeds excessively or experiences a heart attack, techs must remain calm. If they become flustered, they won't be able to provide emergency care as directed by the cardiologist, which may jeopardize the patient's health.
Although they're known as "catheterization" techs, technicians also assist in other procedures such as open heart surgery or the placement of pacemakers. Some techs even assist cardiologists during open heart surgery.
The cardiac cath tech job description also includes cleaning equipment, updating medical records and moving and lifting patients, if necessary.
Graduation from a cardiovascular technology program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs is required for employment as a cardiac catheterization laboratory technician. The two-year program prepares students to operate equipment and computers, master medical terminology, develop patient care skills and understand how the cardiovascular system functions. Students graduate with an associate of applied science or associate of science degree.
During the first few weeks on the job, a new cath lab tech may be mentored by another technician or a cardiologist. As policies and procedures can vary from facility to facility, working with an experienced healthcare professional may help new employees feel more confident when working in the cath lab.
Certification may improve your career prospects and opportunities for advancement. Cath lab techs become certified by taking the Registered Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist Exam, offered by the Cardiovascular Credentialing International.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the median annual wage for cardiovascular technologists and technicians was $55,270 as of May 2017. ZipRecruiter, which obtains its information from actual job listings, estimates the average salary even higher at $91,150.
Due to the aging Baby Boomer population, the demand for cath lab technicians is expected to increase faster than average through 2026. The BLS expects it grow by 17 percent.
Telemetry Technician Job Description→
What Is a Cardiac Care Technician?→
How to Get Certification as an OB Surgical Technician→
How to Become an EEG Technician in New York City→
What Is the Difference Between an EKG Technician & a Cardiology Technologist?→
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Technologist Salary→
Zip Recruiter: Cardiac Cath Lab Technologist Salary
Study.com: Cath Lab Technician: Job Description and Education Requirements
Bureau of Labor Statistics: Diagnostic Medical Sonographers and Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians, Including Vascular Technologists
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs: Cardiovascular Technology
Central Piedmont Community College: Program Learning Tracks
Cleveland Clinic: Cardiac Catheterization
CareerBuilder: Cath Lab Technologist Job Description
Holly McGurgan has a degree in journalism and previously worked as a non-profit public relations and communications manager. She often writes about career and lifestyle topics. Her work has appeared online on Healthline, Working for Candy and other sites. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Customizing Forms
=================
The forms in Sylius are placed in the ``Sylius\Bundle\*BundleName*\Form\Type`` namespaces and the extensions
will be placed in `App\Form\Extension`.
Why would you customize a Form?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are plenty of reasons to modify forms that have already been defined in Sylius.
Your business needs may sometimes slightly differ from our internal assumptions.
You can:
* add completely **new fields**,
* **modify** existing fields, make them required, change their HTML class, change labels etc.,
* **remove** fields that are not used.
How to customize a Form?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. tip::
You can browse the full implementation of this example on `this GitHub Pull Request.
<https://github.com/Sylius/Customizations/pull/8>`__
If you want to modify the form for the ``Customer Profile`` in your system there are a few steps that you should take.
Assuming that you would like to (for example):
* Add a ``secondaryPhoneNumber`` field,
* Remove the ``gender`` field,
* Change the label for the ``lastName`` from ``sylius.form.customer.last_name`` to ``app.form.customer.surname``
These will be the steps that you will have to take to achieve that:
**1.** If you are planning to add new fields remember that beforehand they need to be added on the model that the form type is based on.
In case of our example if you need to have the ``secondaryPhoneNumber`` on the model and the entity mapping for the ``Customer`` resource.
To get to know how to prepare that go :doc:`there </customization/model>`.
**2.** Create a **Form Extension**.
Your form has to extend a proper base class. How can you check that?
For the ``CustomerProfileType`` run:
.. code-block:: bash
php bin/console debug:container sylius.form.type.customer_profile
As a result you will get the ``Sylius\Bundle\CustomerBundle\Form\Type\CustomerProfileType`` - this is the class that you need to be extending.
.. code-block:: php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Form\Extension;
use Sylius\Bundle\CustomerBundle\Form\Type\CustomerProfileType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractTypeExtension;
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\TextType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
final class CustomerProfileTypeExtension extends AbstractTypeExtension
{
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
$builder
// Adding new fields works just like in the parent form type.
->add('secondaryPhoneNumber', TextType::class, [
'required' => false,
'label' => 'app.form.customer.secondary_phone_number',
])
// To remove a field from a form simply call ->remove(`fieldName`).
->remove('gender')
// You can change the label by adding again the same field with a changed `label` parameter.
->add('lastName', TextType::class, [
'label' => 'app.form.customer.surname',
]);
}
public static function getExtendedTypes(): iterable
{
return [CustomerProfileType::class];
}
}
.. note::
Of course remember that you need to define new labels for your fields
in the ``translations\messages.en.yaml`` for english contents of your messages.
**3.** After creating your class, register this extension as a service in the ``config/services.yaml``:
.. code-block:: yaml
services:
app.form.extension.type.customer_profile:
class: App\Form\Extension\CustomerProfileTypeExtension
tags:
- { name: form.type_extension, extended_type: Sylius\Bundle\CustomerBundle\Form\Type\CustomerProfileType }
.. note::
Of course remember that you need to render the new fields you have created,
and remove the rendering of the fields that you have removed **in your views**.
In our case you will need to copy the original template from ``vendor/sylius/sylius/src/Sylius/Bundle/ShopBundle/Resources/views/Account/profileUpdate.html.twig``
to ``templates/bundles/SyliusShopBundle/Account/`` and add the fields inside the copy.
.. code-block:: html
{{ form_row(form.phoneNumber) }}
{{ form_row(form.subscribedToNewsletter) }}
<!-- your fields -->
{{ form_row(form.birthday) }}
{{ form_row(form.secondaryPhoneNumber) }}
{{ sonata_block_render_event('sylius.shop.account.profile.update.form', {'customer': customer, 'form': form}) }}
Need more information?
----------------------
.. warning::
Some of the forms already have extensions in Sylius. Learn more about Extensions `here <https://symfony.com/doc/current/form/create_form_type_extension.html>`_.
For instance the ``ProductVariant`` admin form is defined under ``Sylius/Bundle/ProductBundle/Form/Type/ProductVariantType.php`` and later extended in
``Sylius/Bundle/CoreBundle/Form/Extension/ProductVariantTypeExtension.php``. If you again extend the base type form like this:
.. code-block:: yaml
services:
app.form.extension.type.product_variant:
class: App\Form\Extension\ProductVariantTypeMyExtension
tags:
- { name: form.type_extension, extended_type: Sylius\Bundle\ProductBundle\Form\Type\ProductVariantType, priority: -5 }
your form extension will also be executed. Whether before or after the other extensions depends on priority tag set.
`How to customize forms that are already extended in Core?`
-----------------------------------------------------------
.. tip::
You can browse the full implementation of this example on `this GitHub Pull Request.
<https://github.com/Sylius/Customizations/pull/9>`__
Having a look at the extensions and possible additionally defined event handlers can also be useful when form elements are embedded dynamically,
as is done in the ``ProductVariantTypeExtension`` by the ``CoreBundle``:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// ...
final class ProductVariantTypeExtension extends AbstractTypeExtension
{
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
// ...
$builder->addEventListener(FormEvents::PRE_SET_DATA, function (FormEvent $event) {
$productVariant = $event->getData();
$event->getForm()->add('channelPricings', ChannelCollectionType::class, [
'entry_type' => ChannelPricingType::class,
'entry_options' => function (ChannelInterface $channel) use ($productVariant) {
return [
'channel' => $channel,
'product_variant' => $productVariant,
'required' => false,
];
},
'label' => 'sylius.form.variant.price',
]);
});
}
// ...
}
The ``channelPricings`` get added on ``FormEvents::PRE_SET_DATA``, so when you wish to remove or alter this form definition,
you will also have to set up an event listener and then remove the field:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
//...
final class ProductVariantTypeMyExtension extends AbstractTypeExtension
{
// ...
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
//...
$builder
->addEventListener(FormEvents::PRE_SET_DATA, function (FormEvent $event) {
$event->getForm()->remove('channelPricings');
})
->addEventSubscriber(new AddCodeFormSubscriber(NULL, ['label' => 'app.form.my_other_code_label']))
;
// ...
}
}
Adding constraints inside a form extension
------------------------------------------
.. warning::
When adding your constraints dynamically from inside a form extension, be aware to add the correct validation groups.
Although it is advised to follow the :doc:`Validation Customization Guide </customization/validation>`, it might happen that you
want to define the form constraints from inside the form extension. They will not be used unless the correct validation group(s)
has been added. The example below shows how to add the default `sylius` group to a constraint.
.. tip::
You can browse the full implementation of this example on `this GitHub Pull Request.
<https://github.com/Sylius/Customizations/pull/8>`__
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// ...
final class CustomerProfileTypeExtension extends AbstractTypeExtension
{
// ...
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
//...
$builder
// Adding new fields works just like in the parent form type.
->add('secondaryPhoneNumber', TextType::class, [
'required' => false,
'label' => 'app.form.customer.secondary_phone_number',
'constraints' => [
new Length([
'min' => 6,
'max' => 10,
'groups' => ['sylius'],
]),
],
]);
// ...
}
// ...
}
Overriding forms completely
---------------------------
.. tip::
If you need to create a new form type on top of an existing one - create this new alternative form type and define `getParent()`
to the old one. `See details in the Symfony docs <https://symfony.com/doc/current/form/create_custom_field_type.html>`_.
.. include:: /customization/plugins.rst.inc
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein
Tetsuji Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Yamada, Ryuta Okutani, Noriharu Shijubo, Gurmukh Singh, Yoshihisa Itoh
Human protein 1/ Clara cell Mr 10,000 protein consists of two identical subunits of seventy amino acid residues each. In the present study, eight clones of monoclonal antibodies against native protein 1 were prepared and their respective epitopes were immunochemically and immunohistochemically characterized using native protein I, truncated recombinant protein 1 and synthesized peptides. Among the clones, three designated as TY-5, TY-7 and TY-8 recognized amino acid residues 7-16, residues 19-28, and residues 39-46, respectively, all of which comprise the hydrophobic cavity of protein 1, possibly associated with chemical binding function. With the exception of TY-4, the remaining clones recognized residues 61-68 which are exposed to solvent. The epitope of TY-4 remains undetermined. Proper selection and combination of clones and recombinant protein 1 may be useful for fundamental and clinical studies of protein 1.
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein
Epitope
Human protein 1
Truncated recombinant protein
Biochemistry, medical
10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Clone Cells Medicine & Life Sciences
Recombinant Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences
Epitopes Medicine & Life Sciences
Amino Acids Medicine & Life Sciences
Clinical Studies Medicine & Life Sciences
Peptides Medicine & Life Sciences
Yamaguchi, T., Yamada, T., Okutani, R., Shijubo, N., Singh, G., & Itoh, Y. (1999). Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 37(6), 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein. / Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Yamada, Toshiyuki; Okutani, Ryuta; Shijubo, Noriharu; Singh, Gurmukh; Itoh, Yoshihisa.
In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 6, 01.09.1999, p. 631-637.
Yamaguchi, T, Yamada, T, Okutani, R, Shijubo, N, Singh, G & Itoh, Y 1999, 'Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein', Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
Yamaguchi T, Yamada T, Okutani R, Shijubo N, Singh G, Itoh Y. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 1999 Sep 1;37(6):631-637. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
Yamaguchi, Tetsuji ; Yamada, Toshiyuki ; Okutani, Ryuta ; Shijubo, Noriharu ; Singh, Gurmukh ; Itoh, Yoshihisa. / Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein. In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 1999 ; Vol. 37, No. 6. pp. 631-637.
@article{984cf707697248ecacedbc24c7aa88d0,
title = "Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein",
abstract = "Human protein 1/ Clara cell Mr 10,000 protein consists of two identical subunits of seventy amino acid residues each. In the present study, eight clones of monoclonal antibodies against native protein 1 were prepared and their respective epitopes were immunochemically and immunohistochemically characterized using native protein I, truncated recombinant protein 1 and synthesized peptides. Among the clones, three designated as TY-5, TY-7 and TY-8 recognized amino acid residues 7-16, residues 19-28, and residues 39-46, respectively, all of which comprise the hydrophobic cavity of protein 1, possibly associated with chemical binding function. With the exception of TY-4, the remaining clones recognized residues 61-68 which are exposed to solvent. The epitope of TY-4 remains undetermined. Proper selection and combination of clones and recombinant protein 1 may be useful for fundamental and clinical studies of protein 1.",
keywords = "Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein, Epitope, Human protein 1, Monoclonal antibody, Truncated recombinant protein",
author = "Tetsuji Yamaguchi and Toshiyuki Yamada and Ryuta Okutani and Noriharu Shijubo and Gurmukh Singh and Yoshihisa Itoh",
doi = "10.1515/CCLM.1999.098",
journal = "Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine",
publisher = "Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG",
T1 - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human protein 1/Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein
AU - Yamaguchi, Tetsuji
AU - Yamada, Toshiyuki
AU - Okutani, Ryuta
AU - Shijubo, Noriharu
AU - Singh, Gurmukh
AU - Itoh, Yoshihisa
N2 - Human protein 1/ Clara cell Mr 10,000 protein consists of two identical subunits of seventy amino acid residues each. In the present study, eight clones of monoclonal antibodies against native protein 1 were prepared and their respective epitopes were immunochemically and immunohistochemically characterized using native protein I, truncated recombinant protein 1 and synthesized peptides. Among the clones, three designated as TY-5, TY-7 and TY-8 recognized amino acid residues 7-16, residues 19-28, and residues 39-46, respectively, all of which comprise the hydrophobic cavity of protein 1, possibly associated with chemical binding function. With the exception of TY-4, the remaining clones recognized residues 61-68 which are exposed to solvent. The epitope of TY-4 remains undetermined. Proper selection and combination of clones and recombinant protein 1 may be useful for fundamental and clinical studies of protein 1.
AB - Human protein 1/ Clara cell Mr 10,000 protein consists of two identical subunits of seventy amino acid residues each. In the present study, eight clones of monoclonal antibodies against native protein 1 were prepared and their respective epitopes were immunochemically and immunohistochemically characterized using native protein I, truncated recombinant protein 1 and synthesized peptides. Among the clones, three designated as TY-5, TY-7 and TY-8 recognized amino acid residues 7-16, residues 19-28, and residues 39-46, respectively, all of which comprise the hydrophobic cavity of protein 1, possibly associated with chemical binding function. With the exception of TY-4, the remaining clones recognized residues 61-68 which are exposed to solvent. The epitope of TY-4 remains undetermined. Proper selection and combination of clones and recombinant protein 1 may be useful for fundamental and clinical studies of protein 1.
KW - Clara cell 10 kilodalton protein
KW - Epitope
KW - Human protein 1
KW - Monoclonal antibody
KW - Truncated recombinant protein
U2 - 10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
DO - 10.1515/CCLM.1999.098
JO - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
JF - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine | {
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Рим Файзрахманович Аминов (род. 18 июня 1941) — театральный актёр, народный артист Республики Башкортостан (1993).
Один из самых ярких представителей «второго поколения» артистов Салаватского государственного башкирского драматического театра.
Биография
Рим Файзрахманович Аминов родился 18 июня 1941 года в деревне Старо-Мусино Кармаскалинского района Республики Башкортостан.
Окончил Уфимский государственный институт искусств в 1970 году. С того же времени в труппе Салаватского театра.
Рим Аминов — актёр характерного дарования, ему свойственны тёплый юмор, простодушие. Его сценические образы отличаются богатством бытовых красок, наблюдательностью, выразительностью деталей. В его арсенале драматические и комедийные роли.
Многие годы Аминов Р. Ф. совмещал актёрскую деятельность с работой заместителя директора театра по организации зрителей.
Роли в спектаклях
Дамир — «Дети мои» (А. Атнабаев).
Илготло, Кондозбай — «Ашкадар» (К. Акбашев).
Исанбай — «Смелые девушки» (Т. Гиззат).
Сафый — «Зятек» (Х. Ибрагимов).
Каримбай — «Башмачки» (Х. Ибрагимов).
Абдулла — «Похищение дедов» (Ф. Буляков).
Абдулла — «Выходили бабки замуж» (Ф. Буляков).
Бадри — «Галиябану» (М. Файзи).
Рахимьян — «По следу оленихи, потерявшей оленёнка» (А. Гилязев).
Азат Саттарович ?- «Последняя попытка» (М. Задорнов).
Рафис, Шагит — «Прощание» (Т. Миннуллин).
Левицкий — «Дальше — тишина» (В. Дельмар).
Заки — «Цветок прощания — герань» (Ф. Буляков).
Фарукша — «Матери ждут сыновей» (А. Мирзагитов).
Рафаэль — «Не покидай меня, надежда» (Х. Иргалин).
Гиляж — «Герой СССР» (А. Хусаинов).
Тимофей — «Кавардак Forever!!!» (С. Лобозёров).
Минула — «Лебёдушка моя» (А. Яхина).
Мансур — «Ляйсан» (А. Муртазин).
Рамазан — «У обрыва» (Ф. Буляков).
Рыскул бей, Аксакал — «В ночь лунного затмения» (М.Карим).
Исмагазим — «Медный браслет» (А. Яхина).
Гаврила — «Черти-квартиранты» (Р.Кинзябаев).
Аулия — «Адип-хан» (А.Хусаинов)
Палач — «Салават» (М.Карим)
Роли в кино
Бадри - "Галиябану. Легенда о любви" 2013
Награды и премии
Народный артист Республики Башкортостан (1993).
Заслуженный артист Башкирской АССР (1989).
Награждён многими почётными грамотами государственных учреждений и общественных организаций районов и городов РБ, в том числе города Салавата.
Примечания
Ссылки
Башкирская энциклопедия — Аминов Рим Файзрахманович
Персоналии:Салаватский государственный башкирский драматический театр
Выпускники вузов Башкортостана | {
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} |
Utility companies suspend disconnections for nonpayment during coronavirus closures; suspensions extended
by: Nicole Brailer
Posted: Mar 13, 2020 / 04:11 PM EDT / Updated: Apr 10, 2020 / 01:05 PM EDT
HAMPTON ROADS, Va. (WAVY) — As city offices, schools, and non-essential establishments remain shut down, utility companies have continued to step up to the plate to ensure customers stay connected.
On April 9, Attorney General Mark R. Herring requested that the Virginia State Corporation Commission extend service suspension of disconnections through to at least June 10 when the COVID-19 state of emergency is scheduled to end. This would include electric, natural gas, water and sewer utility companies.
"I asked the SCC to extend their freeze on disconnections and suspend late fees because we are still in the middle of an emergency and it is incredibly important that all Virginians have access to electricity, gas, and water when we are asking them to stay home to prevent the spread of COVID19," said Attorney General Herring. "No one should have to worry about having their utilities disconnected during this time of uncertainty, especially those Virginians who work hourly jobs and are more likely to be impacted by social distancing and business closures. This is good news for many Virginians and a really great decision by the SCC and I'm pleased I was able to help make it happen."
The complete extension order can be read online.
Last month, the SCC suspended disconnections for non-payment in response to Attorney General Herring's emergency petition requesting a freeze on disconnections. In addition, service providers have followed suit to help keep the community connected.
Cox announced that as part of coronavirus response efforts, they are suspending service disconnections for non-payment for a minimum of 60 days. The company plans to open Cox WiFi hotspots to keep people connected.
This is also in an effort to support the FCC's Keep America Connected mission to keep our states connected across all internet and telecommunications sources during the coronavirus pandemic.
"We support the FCC's efforts to keep America connected during the crisis," said Pat Esser, president and chief executive officer of Cox Communications. "We don't want our customers who are impacted to worry about losing their Cox services. Our focus is on taking steps to maintain services provided to customers and the general public while ensuring the safety of our employees and customers."
Details for internet services and billing can be found online.
Dominion Energy released that they have suspended all service disconnections for nonpayment. Customers who were disconnected previously can call 866-366-4357 to get service restored.
"Our customers should not have to worry about losing service during this critical time. Therefore, we have suspended all service disconnections for nonpayment. We know the communities we serve rely on us to provide an essential service," Dominion wrote on its website.
Newport News Waterworks
Newport News Waterworks announced on March 18 that it will suspend service disconnections except for customer-generated requests and to make customer repairs. The suspension will be in effect until further notice.
"The communities we serve rely upon us," Newport News Assistant City Manager and Acting Director of Newport News Waterworks Bo Clayton wrote in a news release. "Our customers do not need to worry about losing service during this challenging time. We will continue to deliver water service around the clock and encourage everyone to wash their hands frequently to prevent the spread of the disease."
Norfolk Department of Utilities
The Norfolk Department of Utilities released a statement to their customers and residents that they are suspending all water cutoffs that are a result of delinquency from March 16 until further notice.
More information can be found online.
Virginia Natural Gas
Virginia Natural Gas stated that they will not suspend service disconnections for non-payment related to the coronavirus.
Stay with WAVY.com for other information on other utility services. We will keep this updated as more information becomes available.
SUFFOLK, Va. (WAVY) -- The Western Tidewater Health District announced that next week it will move into phase 1b of its COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
Beginning the week of January 25, and based on the Virginia Department of Health's COVID-19 vaccination plan, you're part of the next group if:
by Jane Alvarez-Wertz / Jan 21, 2021
(WAVY) — President Joe Biden plans to ramp up COVID-19 vaccinations - with the goal of 100 million shots in his first 100 days in office - and pharmacies will play a role in making this happen. Biden is ordering the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to begin a program to make vaccines available through local pharmacies starting next month.
Major pharmacies CVS, Rite Aid, and Walgreens have all announced they will be offering the COVID-19 vaccine to those who qualify to receive it, as soon as they have it available for administering. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
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Ху́лио Даниэ́ль дос Са́нтос Родри́гес (; 7 мая 1983, Асунсьон, Парагвай) — парагвайский футболист, выступавший на позиции полузащитника, иногда также на позиции оттянутого форварда. В 2004—2014 годах — игрок национальной сборной Парагвая, участник чемпионата мира 2006 года. В 2005 году признавался лучшим футболистом года в Парагвае.
Биография
Хулио дос Сантос начал профессиональную карьеру в 2001 году в «Серро Портеньо». В 2004 и 2005 годах он становился чемпионом Парагвая, причём в 2005 году дос Сантос был признан лучшим футболистом страны. В январе 2006 года 22-летний дос Сантос был продан в мюнхенскую «Баварию». Парагваец рассматривался как потенциальный сменщик Михаэля Баллака, который в том же году перешёл в лондонский «Челси». Однако дос Сантос столкнулся с конкуренцией со стороны Али Карими. В начале сезона 2006/07 руководство «Баварии» и лично Феликс Магат высказали недовольство прогрессом Хулио и в итоге футболист был отдан в аренду в «Вольфсбург». Но в «Вольфсбурге» дос Сантос до лета 2007 года так и не сыграл за основную команду. В основном это было обусловлено многочисленными травмами. Однако после приобретения «Баварией» Франка Рибери, Хамита Алтынтопа, Хосе Эрнесто Сосы и Зе Роберто стало ясно, что парагвайцу будет крайне сложно бороться за место в основе.
Первую половину сезона 2007/08 Хулио дос Сантос пребывал в аренде в испанской «Альмерии», за которую также не провёл ни единого матча. Затем его отдали в аренду в «Гремио», за который парагваец сыграл в 5 матчах. В июне 2008 года дос Сантос подписал контракт с другой бразильской командой, «Атлетико Паранаэнсе». В 2009 году Хулио дос Сантос вернулся в родной «Серро Портеньо», где, наконец, вновь стал играть в футбол довольно регулярно.
В 2015 по 2017 год выступал за бразильский «Васко да Гаму», с которым дважды выигрывал Лигу Кариоку. В 2017 году вернулся на родину, присоединившись к «Спортиво Лукеньо».
С 2004 по 2007 год Хулио дос Сантос выступал за сборную Парагвая. Он был участником двух Кубков Америки (2004 и 2007 годов), а также чемпионата мира 2006 года.
Достижения
Чемпион штата Парана (1): 2009
Чемпион штата Рио-де-Жанейро (2): 2015, 2016
Чемпион Парагвая (2): 2004, 2005
Чемпион Германии (1): 2006
Обладатель Кубка Германии (1): 2006
Футболист года в Парагвае (1): 2005
Примечания
Ссылки
Профиль на bdfa.com.ar
Профиль на сайте fussballdaten.de
Футболисты Парагвая
Игроки сборной Парагвая по футболу
Игроки ФК «Серро Портеньо»
Игроки ФК «Бавария»
Игроки ФК «Бавария II»
Игроки ФК «Альмерия»
Игроки ФК «Гремио»
Игроки ФК «Атлетико Паранаэнсе»
Игроки ФК «Васко да Гама»
Игроки ФК «Спортиво Лукеньо»
Игроки ФК «Президент Хейс» | {
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The purpose of The AES Corporation Performance Incentive Plan (the "Plan") is to advance the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing incentives to key employees with significant responsibility for achieving performance goals critical to the success and growth of the Company. The Plan is designed to: (i) promote the attainment of the Company's significant business objectives; (ii) encourage and reward management teamwork across the entire Company; and (iii) assist in the attraction and retention of employees vital to the Company's long-term success. The Plan has been amended to comply with Section 409A.
(b) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor law thereto.
(c) "Committee" means the Compensation Committee of the Board, or such other committee as is appointed or designated by the Board to administer the Plan, in each case which shall be comprised solely of two or more "outside directors" (as defined under Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder).
(d) "Company" means The AES Corporation and any subsidiary entity or affiliate thereof, including subsidiaries or affiliates which become such after adoption of the Plan.
(e) "Forfeit," "Forfeiture," "Forfeited" means the loss by a Participant of any and all rights to an award granted under the Plan, including the loss to any payment of compensation by the Company under the Plan or any award granted thereunder.
(f) "Participant" means any person: (1) who satisfies the eligibility requirements set forth in Paragraph 4; (2) to whom an award has been made by the Committee; and (3) whose award remains outstanding under the Plan.
(g) "Performance Goal" means, in relation to any Performance Period, the level of performance that must be achieved with respect to a Performance Measure.
on equity; total stockholder return; return on capital; return on assets or net assets; revenue; income or net income; operating income or net operating income; operating income adjusted for management fees and depreciation, and amortization; operating profit or net operating profit; gross margin, operating margin or profit margin; and completion of acquisitions, business expansion, product diversification, new or expanded market penetration and other non-financial operating and management performance objectives.
To the extent consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee may determine at the time the performance goals are established that certain adjustments shall apply, in whole or in part, in such manner as specified by the Committee, to exclude the effect of any of the following events that occur during a Performance Period: the impairment of tangible or intangible assets; litigation or claim judgments or settlements; changes in tax law, accounting principles or other such laws or provisions affecting reported results; business combinations, reorganizations and/or restructuring programs, including but not limited to reductions in force and early retirement incentives; currency fluctuations; and any extraordinary, unusual, infrequent or non-recurring items, including, but not limited to, such items separately identified in the financial statements and/or notes thereto in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
(i) "Performance Period" means, in relation to any award, the calendar year or other period of 12 months or less for which a Participant's performance is being calculated, with each such period constituting a separate Performance Period.
(j) "Section 409A" shall mean Section 409A of the Code, the regulations and other binding guidance promulgated thereunder.
(k) "Retirement" means retirement of an employee as determined and authorized by the Committee.
(l) "Total and Permanent Disability" means: (1) if the Participant is insured under a long-term disability insurance policy or plan which is paid for by the Company, the Participant is totally disabled under the terms of that policy or plan; or (2) if no such policy or plan exists, the Participant shall be considered to be totally disabled as determined by the Committee.
(a) The management of the Plan shall be vested in the Committee; provided, however, that all acts and authority of the Committee pursuant to this Plan shall be subject to the provisions of the Committee's Charter, as amended from time to time, and such other authority as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board. The Committee may, with respect to Participants whom the Committee determines are not likely to be subject to Section 162(m) of the Code, delegate such of its powers and authority under the Plan to the Company's officers as it deems necessary or appropriate. In the event of such delegation, all references to the Committee in this Plan shall be deemed references to such officers as it relates to those aspects of the Plan that have been delegated.
(b) Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee shall, among other things, have full authority and discretion to determine eligibility for participation in the Plan, make awards under the Plan, establish the terms and conditions of such awards (including the Performance Goal(s) and Performance Measure(s) to be utilized) and determine whether the Performance Goals applicable to any Performance Measures for any awards have been achieved. The Committee's determinations under the Plan need not be uniform among all Participants, or classes or categories of Participants, and may be applied to such Participants, or classes or categories of Participants, as the Committee, in its sole and absolute discretion, considers necessary, appropriate or desirable. The Committee is authorized to interpret the Plan, to adopt administrative rules, regulations, and guidelines for the Plan, and may correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency or conflict in the Plan or in any award. All determinations by the Committee shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Participant and any and all interested parties.
procedures, and impose such restrictions at the time such awards are granted as the Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to conform to such requirements. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, if an award under this Plan is intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder and a provision of this Plan would prevent such award from so qualifying, such provision shall be administered, interpreted and construed to carry out such intention (or disregarded to the extent such provision cannot be so administered, interpreted or construed).
Officers and key employees of the Company shall be eligible to participate in the Plan. No employee shall have the right to participate in the Plan, and participation in the Plan in any one Performance Period does not entitle an individual to participate in future Performance Periods.
(a) The Committee may, in its discretion, from time to time make awards to persons eligible for participation in the Plan pursuant to which the Participant will earn cash compensation. The amount of a Participant's award may be based on a percentage of such Participant's salary or such other methods as may be established by the Committee. Each award shall be communicated to the Participant, and shall specify, among other things, the terms and conditions of the award and the Performance Goals to be achieved. The maximum amount of an award that may be earned under the Plan by any Participant for any Performance Period shall not exceed USD $5,000,000.
(b) With respect to awards that are intended to be performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, each award shall be conditioned upon the Company's achievement of one or more Performance Goal(s) with respect to the Performance Measure(s) established by the Committee. No later than ninety (90) days after the beginning of the applicable Performance Period, the Committee shall establish in writing the Performance Goals, Performance Measures and the method(s) for computing the amount of compensation which will be payable under the Plan to each Participant if the Performance Goals established by the Committee are attained; provided however, that for a Performance Period of less than one year, the Committee shall take any such actions prior to the lapse of 25% of the Performance Period. In addition to establishing minimum Performance Goals below which no compensation shall be payable pursuant to an award, the Committee, in its discretion, may create a performance schedule under which an amount less than or more than the target award may be paid so long as the Performance Goals have been achieved.
(c) The Committee, in its sole discretion, may also establish such additional restrictions or conditions that must be satisfied as a condition precedent to the payment of all or a portion of any awards. Such additional restrictions or conditions need not be performance-based and may include, among other things, the receipt by a Participant of a specified annual performance rating, the continued employment by the Participant and/or the achievement of specified performance goals by the Company, business unit or Participant. Furthermore and notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may reduce the amount of any award to a Participant if it concludes that such reduction is necessary or appropriate based upon: (i) an evaluation of such Participant's performance; (ii) comparisons with compensation received by other similarly situated individuals working within the Company's industry; (iii) the Company's financial results and conditions; or (iv) such other factors or conditions that the Committee deems relevant. Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, the Committee shall not use its discretionary authority to increase any award that is intended to be performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code.
(a) After the end of the Performance Period, the Committee shall certify in writing the extent to which the applicable Performance Goals and any other material terms have been achieved. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, earned Awards shall be paid in the first calendar year immediately following the end of the Performance Period and within the applicable 2 1/2 month period specified in Treas. Reg. § 1.409A-1(b)(4) ("Payment Date"). For purposes of this provision, and for so long as the Code permits, the approved minutes of the Committee meeting in which the certification is made may be treated as written certification.
(b) Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Participants who have terminated employment with the Company prior to the actual payment date of any award for any reason other than death, Retirement or Total and Permanent Disability, shall Forfeit any and all rights to payment under any awards then outstanding under the terms of the Plan and shall not be entitled to any cash payment for such period. If a Participant's employment with the Company should terminate during a Performance Period by reason of death, Retirement or Total and Permanent Disability or the Committee determines that an award is not Forfeited, the Participant's award shall be prorated to reflect the period of service prior to his/her termination, death, Retirement or Total and Permanent Disability, and shall be paid either to the Participant or, as appropriate, the Participant's estate, subject to the Committee's certification that the applicable Performance Goals and other material terms have been met.
(c) The Committee shall determine whether, to what extent, and under what additional circumstances amounts payable with respect to an award under the Plan shall be deferred either automatically, at the election of the Participant, or by the Committee. All deferrals under The AES Corporation Restoration Supplemental Retirement Plan shall be made in accordance with terms and procedures of such plan.
While the Company intends that the Plan shall continue in force from year to year, the Company reserves the right to amend, modify or terminate the Plan, at any time; provided, however, that no such modification, amendment or termination shall, without the consent of the Participant, materially adversely affect the rights of such Participant to any payment that has been determined by the Committee to be due and owing to the Participant under the Plan but not yet paid. Any and all actions permitted under this Section 7 may be authorized and performed by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion.
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Committee may at any time (without the consent of the Participant) modify, amend or terminate any or all of the provisions of this Plan to the extent necessary to conform the provisions of the Plan with Section 409A or Section 162(m) of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder or an exception thereto regardless of whether such modification, amendment, or termination of the Plan shall adversely affect the rights of a Participant under the Plan. Notwithstanding, (i) Section 409A may impose upon the Participant certain taxes or other charges for which the Participant is and shall remain solely responsible, and nothing contained in this Plan shall be construed to obligate the Company for any such taxes or other charges, and (ii) in no event shall the Committee or Board (or any member thereof), or the Company (or its employees, officers, directors or affiliates) have any liability to any Participant (or any other person) due to the failure of the Plan to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A or any other applicable law.
A Participant's rights under the Plan may not be assigned, pledged, or otherwise transferred except, in the event of a Participant's death, to the Participant's designated beneficiary, or in the absence of such a designation, by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.
greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company. If any earned Award is not paid by the Payment Date due to administrative impracticability, such earned Award will be paid, without earnings, as soon as administratively practicable thereafter.
The Company shall have the right to withhold from any awards payable under the Plan or other wages payable to a Participant such amounts sufficient to satisfy federal, state and local tax withholding obligations arising from or in connection with the Participant's participation in the Plan and such other deductions as may be authorized by the Participant or as required by applicable law.
Nothing contained in the Plan shall confer upon any Participant any right with respect to continued employment with the Company (or any of its affiliates) nor shall the Plan interfere in any way with the right of the Company (or any of its affiliates) to at any time reassign the Participant to a different job, change the compensation of the Participant or terminate the Participant's employment for any reason.
Nothing contained in this Plan shall prevent the Corporation from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements for employees of the Corporation, including arrangements that are not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code.
The Plan shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to its conflict of law provisions.
The Plan's material terms have been approved by the Company's stockholders. This amendment and restatement of The AES Corporation Performance Incentive Plan has been duly executed by the undersigned and is effective this 22 day of April 2010. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: how to compare two strings in pandas large dataframe (python3.x)? I have two DFs from 2 excel files.
1st file(awcProjectMaster)(1500 records)
projectCode projectName
100101 kupwara
100102 kalaroos
100103 tangdar
2nd file(village master)(more than 10 million records)
villageCode villageName
425638 wara
783651 tangdur
986321 kalaroo
I need to compare the projectName and villageName along with the percentage match.
The following code works fine but it is slow. How can I do the same thing in a more efficient way.
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
df = pd.read_excel("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\awcProjectMaster.xlsx")
df1 = pd.read_excel("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\prjToVillageStateWise\\stCodeVillage1To6.xlsx")
def compare(prjCode, prjName, stCode, stName, dCode, dName, sdCode, sdName, vCode, vName):
with open(r"C:\\Users\\Desktop\\prjToVillageStateWise\\stCodeVillage1To6.txt", "a") as f:
percentMatch = 0
vLen = len(vName)
prjLen = len(prjName)
if vLen > prjLen:
if vName.find(prjName) != -1:
percentMatch = (prjLen / vLen) * 100
f.write(prjCode + "," + prjName + "," + vCode + "," + vName + "," + str(round(percentMatch)) + "," + stCode + "," + stName + "," + dCode + "," + dName + sdCode + "," + sdName + "\n")
else:
res = 0
# print(res)
elif prjLen >= vLen:
if prjName.find(vName) != -1:
percentMatch = (vLen / prjLen) * 100
f.write(prjCode + "," + prjName + "," + vCode + "," + vName + "," + str(round(percentMatch)) + "," + stCode + "," + stName + "," + dCode + "," + dName + sdCode + "," + sdName + "\n")
else:
res = 0
# print(res)
f.close()
for idx, row in df.iterrows():
for idxv, r in df1.iterrows():
compare(
str(row["ProjectCode"]),
row["ProjectName"].lower(),
str(r["StateCensusCode"]),
r["StateName"],
str(r["DistrictCode"]),
r["DistrictName"],
str(r["SubDistrictCode"]),
r["SubDistrictNameInEnglish"],
str(r["VillageCode"]),
r["VillageNameInEnglish"].lower(),
)
A: Your distance metric for the strings isn't too accurate, but if it works for you, fine. (You may want to look into other options like the builtin difflib, or the Python-Levenshtein module, though.)
If you really do need to compare 1,500 x 10,000,000 records pairwise, things are bound to take some time, but there are a couple things that we can do pretty easily to speed things up:
*
*open the log file only once; there's overhead, sometimes significant, in that
*refactor your comparison function into a separate unit, then apply the lru_cache() memoization decorator to make sure each pair is compared only once, and the subsequent result is cached in memory. (In addition, see how we sort the vName/prjName pair – since the actual order of the two strings doesn't matter, we end up with half the cache size.)
Then for general cleanliness,
*
*use the csv module for streaming CSV into a file (the output format is slightly different than with your code, but you can change this with the dialect parameter to csv.writer()).
Hope this helps!
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
from functools import lru_cache
import csv
df = pd.read_excel("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\awcProjectMaster.xlsx")
df1 = pd.read_excel("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\prjToVillageStateWise\\stCodeVillage1To6.xlsx")
log_file = open(r"C:\\Users\\Desktop\\prjToVillageStateWise\\stCodeVillage1To6.txt", "a")
log_writer = csv.writer(log_file)
@lru_cache()
def compare_vname_prjname(vName, prjName):
vLen = len(vName)
prjLen = len(prjName)
if vLen > prjLen:
if vName.find(prjName) != -1:
return (prjLen / vLen) * 100
elif prjLen >= vLen:
if prjName.find(vName) != -1:
return (vLen / prjLen) * 100
return None
def compare(prjCode, prjName, stCode, stName, dCode, dName, sdCode, sdName, vCode, vName):
# help the cache decorator out by halving the number of possible pairs:
vName, prjName = sorted([vName, prjName])
percent_match = compare_vname_prjname(vName, prjName)
if percent_match is None: # No match
return False
log_writer.writerow(
[
prjCode,
prjName,
vCode,
vName,
round(percent_match),
stCode,
stName,
dCode,
dName + sdCode,
sdName,
]
)
return True
for idx, row in df.iterrows():
for idxv, r in df1.iterrows():
compare(
str(row["ProjectCode"]),
row["ProjectName"].lower(),
str(r["StateCensusCode"]),
r["StateName"],
str(r["DistrictCode"]),
r["DistrictName"],
str(r["SubDistrictCode"]),
r["SubDistrictNameInEnglish"],
str(r["VillageCode"]),
r["VillageNameInEnglish"].lower(),
)
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
package hackerrank;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
public class StaircaseTest {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
System.setIn(new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/staircase/test1.txt"));
Staircase.main(new String[]{});
}
} | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Q: В unity как-нибудь можно повесить несколько спрайтов на один объект? У меня есть объект, который нужно раскрасить разными цветами. Пусть будет квадрат - верхнюю часть нужно сделать синей, нижнюю - красной. Я в графическом редакторе нарисовал две половинки квадрата таким образом, что при наложении друг на дуга они образовывают квадрат. Назвал их sprite1 и sprite2.
SpriteRenderer sr = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer> ();
sprite1 = Resources.Load ("sprite1", typeof(Sprite)) as Sprite;
sprite2 = Resources.Load ("sprite2", typeof(Sprite)) as Sprite;
И окрашиваю их так:
sr.color = new Color32 (199, 1, 0, 255);
Это значит, что спрайт, который принадлежит компоненту SpriteRenderer, окрашивается в этот цвет. А мне нужно разные спрайты окрашивать в разные цвета, но так, чтобы они принадлежали одному объекту. Пока мысль такая: создать столько дочерних объектов, сколько спрайтов, и так смогу красить каждый отдельно. Но смущает, что будут лишние объекты. Может, есть способ в коде сначала указать, какого цвета сделать спрайт, а потом объединить их в один, который можно будет использовать на одном объекте?
P.S заранее сделать 1 спрайт нужного цвета не получится, возможных вариантов раскраски очень много = нужно делать много спрайтов. Так что только программно
обновление:
При запуске генератор случайных чисел определяет, какой цвет будет у объекта. Дело в том, этот самый объект должен быть раскрашен разными цветами, но выбор цвета происходит только 1 раз (если это важно)
Обновление: Мой ответ не подходит. Дело в том, что у меня при выполнении некоторых условий у объекта отключается BoxCollider, а у RigidBody отключается Kinematic и Gravity. В этом случае у объектов на одной оси Z возможно наложение дочерних объектов друг на друга. Пример: Коробка и Ящик находятся на Z = 0. 2 дочерних объекта коробки и ящика находятся на Z = -1 и Z = -2 соответственно (по отношению к родительским объектам!), но у ящика дополнительно есть еще 1 дочерний объект на Z = -3. И вот, когда отключаются BoxCollider и RigidBody для одного из объектов (а то и для всех - не важно), дочерние объекты одного из них могут наложиться на другой объект (т.е на ящике будет виден дочерний объект коробки). Если у дочерних объектов будут координаты Z = 0, но при этом в SpriteRenderer изменять значение Order in Layer, то происходит то же самое.
Что делать?
A: А я бы сделал еще проще. Сделал бы спрайтшит(анимацию из нескольких кадров с разными цветами) и просто переключал кадры по мере необходимости.
A: Я бы посоветовал все же не пытаться вот так в реалтайме создавать спрайт из двух других.
Во первых, на GameObject может иметь более одного экземпляра SpriteRenderer.
Поэтому можно добавить 2 SpriteRenderer на объект. Передать их в качестве ссылок скрипту.
public SpriteRenderer Sprite1;
public SpriteRenderer Sprite2;
//...В вашем методе
sprite1 = Resources.Load ("sprite1", typeof(Sprite)) as Sprite;
sprite2 = Resources.Load ("sprite2", typeof(Sprite)) as Sprite;
Sprite1.source = sprite1;
Sprite2.source = sprite2;
В данном случае, будет выполняться тот функционал, о котором вы написали.
A: Пока что вот такое собрал (но опять же, хочу избежать создания кучи объектов, поэтому жду ответ):
На сцене создал пустой GameObject, на который повесил мой скрипт
public class TEST : MonoBehaviour {
public Sprite[] bag;
public Sprite box;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
CreateChildObjects ();
}
void CreateChildObjects()
{
int rnd = Random.Range (0, 2);
if (rnd == 0) {
GameObject go = new GameObject (); // создаю объект
go.AddComponent<SpriteRenderer> (); // добавляю ему компонент SpriteRenderer
go.transform.SetParent (gameObject.transform); // делаю новый объект дочерним
go.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer> ().sprite = box; // говорю, какой спрайт использовать
go.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer> ().color = new Color32 (215, 111, 14, 255); // говорю, какой цвет использовать
} else {
// ну тут аналогично, но добавляется for по количеству используемых спрайтов
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
GameObject go = new GameObject ();
go.AddComponent<SpriteRenderer> ();
go.transform.SetParent (gameObject.transform);
go.transform.position = new Vector3 (gameObject.transform.position.x, gameObject.transform.position.y,
- 0.1f * i);
go.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer> ().sprite = bag[i];
}
transform.GetChild(1).GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = new Color32 (215, 111, 14, 255);
// GetChild(1), а не (0), потому что для наглядности я заранее сделал моему объекту дочерний
// - посмотреть, как они сортируются
// то же для остальных спрайтов
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
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Zernebok Hosting is a limited company registered in Scotland. Company number SC355615. VAT number GB 202 4213 74.
Prices exclude VAT, charged at 20% for UK customers or the appropriate country rate for other EU customers. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Acne, a common inflammatory skin condition that causes blackheads, whiteheads and pimples, results from dead skin cells, excess skin oils and bacteria blocking your hair follicles. The University of Maryland Medical Center says up to 45 million people in the United States suffer from it. Although acne usually resolves by age 30 and is not a serious medical condition, it can cause emotional distress. Many people use herbal remedies, including neem juice, to alleviate acne. Discuss the use of neem juice with your dermatologist before using it. It has no FDA sanctioning for this purpose, and its effectiveness for this is unproven.
The neem tree, botanically known as Azadirachta indica and also called the margosa, is a large evergreen tree native to India, where it is revered for its healing qualities. Herbal remedies made from the tree's leaves, seeds, fruit and bark are a mainstay of Ayurvedic healing and have traditionally been used against jaundice, malaria, wounds and skin diseases, as well as a host of other ailments.
Neem leaves contain bioflavonoids such as quercetin, as well as beneficial carotenes and ascorbic acid. Drugs.com says the seed kernels of the neem contain limonoid triterpenes -- or bitter substances -- including azadirachtin and azadiradione. Two additional triterpenes, nimbin and nimbidin, are credited by the Neem Foundation as having therapeutic value for inflammatory skin conditions.
Herbalists and naturopathic practitioners recommend neem for acne due to its antimicrobial qualities. There is some scientific research supporting the belief in neem's ability to inhibit bacteria. In a scholarly review conducted by Kausik Biswas et al and published in the June 10, 2002 issue of "Current Science," the authors concluded that neem oil has a wide spectrum of antibacterial action in vitro against 14 different strains of pathogenic bacteria. There is also research that pertains directly to neem's benefits for acne, although it was used in conjunction with other Ayurvedic herbs. In a clinical trial conducted by M.G. Gopal et al and published in the 2001 issue of "The Indian Practitioner," significant relief of symptoms was noted in patients with Grade II and Grade III acne vulgaris who received a blend of Ayurvedic herbs, including Azadirachta indica, or neem.
You can drink neem leaf juice to treat acne, or you can apply it topically. According to Blue Shield Complementary and Alternative Health, or BSCAH, it's safe to drink 2 tsp. to 4 tsp. of the juice two to three times a day. You can also apply the juice directly to affected areas, as recommended by Gerard Bodekar, M.D., of the University of Oxford Medical School, on the Neem Foundation website.
According to the Neem Foundation, neem juice is a non-irritant to skin and may safely be applied to treat inflammatory skin problems such as acne. Drugs.com says topical applications of neem oil over one year resulted in no adverse results. However, check with your doctor before using neem juice or oil; if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, the website advises not using neem at all. BSCAH says neem oil should be kept out of reach of children. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: change html with jquery select to ui slider slide event So I've got a select and a function to convert it to a slider using http://filamentgroup.com/lab/update_jquery_ui_slider_from_a_select_element_now_with_aria_support/
<select id="{{ section }}-anonymity-select">
<option value="anonymous"></option>
<option value="uw-student"></option>
<option value="username"></option>
</select>
function setup_form(section){
$("#"+section+"-anonymity-select").selectToUISlider({tooltip: false, labels: 0, sliderOptions: {
slide: function(event, ui){
alert(ui.value);
}
}
}).hide();
What I would like to do is (for now, later I want to change the innerHtml of another element based on the value) alert the current value of the slider as the user is sliding.
The code does almost what I want, except that the slide event "is triggered on every mouse move during slide.", which means about 10 times for one little slide. Very annoying. Not what I want. And it seems to programmatically change the value, too-- my handle keeps jumping all over the place.
I also tried change, but it's only triggered on stop, so if the user is just sliding back and forth but not releasing their mouse button, it won't alert. bad.
How do I handle this? I guess I need something like "on value change" as an event? But how to implement that without constantly checking for it?
A: Rather than using the slide event, you should use the change event which only fires once the user stops interacting with the widget:
Change:
slide: function(event, ui){
alert(ui.value);
}
To:
stop: function(event, ui){
alert(ui.value);
}
Walaa! :)
This event is triggered when the user stops sliding.
Source: http://jqueryui.com/demos/slider/#event-stop
Update
You could use the slide event and set a timeout to alert the value so when the user keeps sliding no alert will appear (due to canceling the timeout):
var slidervalue = 0,
timer;
function setup_form(section){
$("#"+section+"-anonymity-select").selectToUISlider({tooltip: false, labels: 0, sliderOptions: {
slide: function(event, ui){
clearTimeout(timer);
setTimeout(function () {
if(ui.value!=slidervalue){
$("#"+section+"-anonymity-header").html("Select anonymity level: "+$(this).slider('values', ui.value));
slidervalue = ui.value;
}
}, 100);
}
}
}).hide();
A: of course 2 minutes after I post I realize a solution.
var slidervalue = 0;
function setup_form(section){
$("#"+section+"-anonymity-select").selectToUISlider({tooltip: false, labels: 0, sliderOptions: {
slide: function(event, ui){
if(ui.value!=slidervalue){
$("#"+section+"-anonymity-header").html("Select anonymity level: "+ui.value);
slidervalue = ui.value;
}
}
}
}).hide();
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Jazz Concert, November 19, 1962
White House Films
Silent motion picture of a jazz concert performed in the White House, Washington, D.C., and a luncheon that follows. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and Luci Baines Johnson attend. Photographed by: Cecil W. Stoughton.
ST-C422-61-63. President Charles de Gaulle of France and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
President of France, General Charles de Gaulle, visits with Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Joan Bennett Kennedy stands at far right. Also pictured: Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Republic, Mahmoud Fawzi; Ambassador of the United Arab Republic, Dr. Mostafa Kamel; Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, Maurice Couve de Murville; Ambassador of Great Britain, Sir David Ormsby-Gore; Naval Aide to President Kennedy, Captain Tazewell Shepard. State Dining Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-60-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Anastas Mikoyan, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (USSR), Anastas Mikoyan. Also pictured: Ambassador of the Soviet Union, Anatoliy Fedorovich Dobrynin; Chief of the American Section of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Smirnovsky; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (mostly hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-59-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Prime Minister of Jamaica, Sir Alexander Bustamante, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Prime Minister of Jamaica, Sir Alexander Bustamante. Also pictured: First Lady of Jamaica, Gladys Bustamante (mostly hidden); Chief of Staff of the Jamaica Defence Force (JDF), Brigadier Paul Crook; Ghanaian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, Kwesi Armah; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-58-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Prince Bertil of Sweden at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Prince Bertil of Sweden. Also pictured: Prime Minister of Sweden, Tage Erlander; Prime Minister of Jamaica, Sir Alexander Bustamante; First Lady of Jamaica, Gladys Bustamante (mostly hidden); U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (partially hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-57-63. Jacqueline Kennedy at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with an unidentified man. Also pictured: Ambassador of Cameroon, Jacques Kuoh Moukouri; First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (USSR), Anastas Mikoyan; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-56-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sierra Leone, Dr. John Karefa-Smart, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sierra Leone, Dr. John Karefa-Smart. Also pictured: Minister of State of Guinea, Saïfoulaye Diallo; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (partially hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (USSR), Anastas Mikoyan. Also pictured: Vice President of Spain, Agustín Muñoz Grandes; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (partially hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-54-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Ambassador of Spain, Antonio Garrigues y Díaz-Cañabate, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy embraces Ambassador of Spain, Antonio Garrigues y Díaz-Cañabate. Also pictured: President of Colombia, Alberto Lleras Camargo; Ambassador of Colombia, Dr. Eduardo Uribe Botero; Representative from Colombia to the United Nations (UN), Germán Zea Hernández; President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia, Petar Stambolić; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-53-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with President of the United Nations Security Council, Sir Patrick Dean, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with President of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, Sir Patrick Dean. Also pictured: Under Secretary for Political Affairs for the UN, Dr. Ralph Bunche; Managing Director of the UN Special Fund, Paul G. Hoffman; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with an unidentified man. Also pictured: Ambassador of Brazil, Roberto de Oliveira Campos; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, João Augusto de Araújo Castro; President of the Senate of Brazil, Senator Auro de Moura Andrade; Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN) from Czechoslovakia, Jiri Hajek; Ambassador of Czechoslovakia, Dr. Karel Duda; Prince Bertil of Sweden; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-51-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, Sophocles Venizelos, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, Sophocles Venizelos. Also pictured: Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands; Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (mostly hidden); Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Joseph Luns; Prime Minister of Canada, Lester B. Pearson; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-50-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Moroccan Dignitaries at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy visits with Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Morocco, Ahmed-Réda Guedira. Also pictured: Prince Gholam-Reza Pahlavi of Iran; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran, Abbas Aram; Ambassador of Iran, Mahmoud Foroughi; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-49-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with President of the Italian Senate, Cesare Merzagora, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with President of the Italian Senate, Cesare Merzagora. Also pictured: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, Attilio Piccioni; Ambassador of Italy, Sergio Fenoaltea; Prince Harald of Norway; Ambassador of Norway, Hans Kristian Engen; Prince Georg Valdemar of Denmark; Prime Minister of Denmark, Jens Otto Krag (on edge of frame); U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with an unidentified man. Also pictured: Federal Minister of Defense of West Germany, Kai-Uwe von Hassel; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria, Abdelaziz Bouteflika; President of the State of Israel, Zalman Shazar; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel, Golda Meir; Ambassador of Israel, Avraham Harman; Vice President of Liberia, William R. Tolbert, Jr.; Secretary of State of Liberia, J. Rudolph Grimes; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke (partially hidden); Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-47-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Federal Councillor of Switzerland, Friedrich T. Wahlen, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Federal Councillor of Switzerland, Friedrich T. Wahlen. Also pictured: Secretary General of the Federal Political Department of the Swiss Federation, Pierre Micheli (partially hidden); Ambassador of Switzerland, Alfred Zehnder; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, Mongi Slim; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Panama, Galileo Solis; Minister of Defense of Venezuela, General Antonio Briceño Linares; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. Those pictured include: Chancellor of Austria, Alfons Gorbach; Vice President of Argentina, Carlos Humberto Perette; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina, Dr. Miguel Ángel Zavala Ortiz; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with an unidentified man. Also pictured: Minister of Foreign Relations of El Salvador, Dr. Hector Escobar Serrano; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto; Ambassador of Pakistan, Ghulam Ahmed; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (mostly hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-44-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Ambassador of Nicaragua, Dr. Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy (mostly hidden) shakes hands with Ambassador of Nicaragua and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, Dr. Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa. Also pictured: President of the Corporate Chamber of Portugal, Clotário Luís Supico Pinto; President of the Philippines, Diosdado Macapagal; First Lady of the Philippines, Dr. Eva Macapagal; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, Manuel Tello; Ambassador of Mexico, Antonio Carrillo Flores; White House Secret Service agent, Paul Landis. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-43-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Chief Delegate to the United Nations from India, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Chief delegate to the United Nations (UN) from India, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. Also pictured: Ambassador of India, B. K. Nehru; Federal Councillor of Switzerland, Friedrich T. Wahlen; Secretary General of the Federal Political Department of the Swiss Federation, Pierre Micheli; Ambassador of Switzerland, Alfred Zehnder; Secretary of State for the Presidency of Tunisia, Bahi Ladgham; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-42-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Vice President of Argentina, Carlos Humberto Perette, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Vice President of Argentina, Carlos Humberto Perette. Also pictured: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina, Dr. Miguel Ángel Zavala Ortiz; Ambassador of Peru, Fernando Berckemeyer; Representative to the United Nations (UN) from Peru, Víctor Andrés Belaúnde; Representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) from Peru, Juan Bautista LaValle; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Veli Merikoski; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-41-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Ambassador of Peru, Fernando Berckemeyer, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy embraces Ambassador of Peru, Fernando Berckemeyer. Also pictured: Representative to the United Nations (UN) from Peru, Víctor Andrés Belaúnde; Representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) from Peru, Juan Bautista LaValle; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Veli Merikoski; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh (mostly hidden). Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-40-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, Mongi Slim, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, Mongi Slim. Also pictured: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Panama, Galileo Solis (partially hidden); Minister of Defense of Venezuela, General Antonio Briceño Linares; acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela, Reinaldo Leandro Mora; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-C422-39-63. Jacqueline Kennedy with Minister of Defense of Venezuela, General Antonio Briceño Linares, at Reception Following Funeral of President John F. Kennedy
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Mrs. Kennedy shakes hands with Minister of Defense of Venezuela, General Antonio Briceño Linares. Also pictured: acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela, Reinaldo Leandro Mora; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador, Neftalí Ponce-Miranda; Ambassador of Ecuador, Dr. José Antonio Correa Escobar; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) greet guests during a reception at the White House, following the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. Those pictured include: Chief of Staff of the Jamaica Defence Force (JDF), Brigadier Paul Crook; Ghanaian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, Kwesi Armah; Representative from Ghana to the United Nations (UN), Alex Quaison-Sackey; Deputy First Prime Minister for Defense and Security Affairs of Indonesia, General Abdul Haris Nasution; President of Indonesia, Ahmed Sukarno; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sierra Leone, Dr. John Karefa-Smart; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh. Red Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
(-)Archives (296)
White House Photographs (295)
White House Films (1)
(-)White House social affairs (296)
Heads of state (79)
Alliance for Progress (7)
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994 (139)
McHugh, Godfrey T., 1911-1997 (30)
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791 (20)
Bumbry, Grace, 1937- (17)
Houphouët-Boigny, Marie-Thérèse, 1930?- (16)
Ayub Khan, Mohammad, 1907-1974 (15)
Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973 (15)
Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, 1905-1993 (15)
Kolk, Stanley, 1935- (15)
Marshall, Katherine Tupper, 1882-1978 (13)
Vanni, Helen, 1924- (13)
Calvin, Melvin, 1911-1997 (12)
Coulter, Dorothy, 1934?- (12)
Rusk, Dean (David Dean), 1909-1994 (12)
Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972 (12)
Van Way, Nolan, 1931- (12)
Beni, Gimi, 1924-1999 (11)
Hemingway, Mary (Mary Welsh), 1908-1986 (11)
Meister, Barbara, 1932- (11)
Saint-John Perse, 1887-1975 (11)
Wadsworth, Charles (11)
Pearson, Lester B. (Lester Bowles), 1897-1972 (10)
Purcell, Edward M. (Edward Mills), 1912-1997 (10)
Seaborg, Glenn Theodore, 1912-1999 (10)
Urey, Harold Clayton, 1893-1981 (10)
Bourguiba, Habib Ibn Ali, 1903-2000 (9)
Bunche, Ralph J. (Ralph Johnson), 1904-1971 (9)
Kornberg, Arthur, 1918-2007 (9)
Kriza, John, 1919-1975 (9)
List, Eugene, 1918-1985 (9)
Rusk, Virginia Foisie, 1915-1996 (9)
Segré, Emilio, 1905-1989 (9)
Truman, Bess Wallace, 1885-1982 (9)
Waksman, Selman A. (Selman Abraham), 1888-1973 (9)
Baldrige, Letitia, 1927-2012 (8)
Bardeen, John, 1908-1991 (8)
Debye, Peter J. W. (Peter Josef William), 1884-1966 (8)
Hench, Philip S. (Philip Showalter), 1896-1965 (8)
Lee, T. D., 1926- (8)
Lipmann, Fritz (Fritz Albert), 1899-1986 (8)
Marks, Bruce, 1937- (8)
Mössbauer, Rudolf L. (Rudolf Ludwig), 1929-2011 (8)
Von Békésy, Georg, 1899-1972 (8)
Mount Vernon (Va.) (13)
Musical Programs for Youth (59)
Metropolitan Opera (New York, N.Y.). Studio (21)
Mount Vernon (Va. : Estate) (13)
Breckenridge Boys Choir (Tex.) (12)
American Ballet Theatre (10)
Greater Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra (10)
Miss Porter's School (Farmington, Conn.) (10)
Berea College Country Dancers (Berea, Ky.) (6)
Central Kentucky Youth Orchestras. Symphony Orchestra (3)
Opera Society of Washington (3)
United States. Marine Corps (3)
Brevard Music Center (2)
Department of Defense. Defense Communications Agency. White House Communications Agency. (1962 - 06/25/1991) (2)
Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps (2)
Transylvania Symphony Orchestra (2)
District of Columbia. National Guard Armory (1)
Strolling Strings (1)
(-)Stoughton, Cecil W. (Cecil William), 1920-2008 (296)
United States. Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer., 09/18/1947 - 02/28/1964 (1) | {
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Q: CMake cannot find QWidgets I have a CMakeLists.txt file which looks like this:
# CMakeLists.txt
project(myApp)
# Set minimum version of CMake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
# Instruct CMake to run moc automatically when needed.
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
# Find Qt5Core and Qt5Widgets
find_package(Qt5Core REQUIRED)
find_package(Qt5Widgets REQUIRED)
# For finding Qt includes
include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
include_directories(${Qt5Widgets_INCLUDE_DIRS})
include_directories(${Qt5Core_INCLUDE_DIRS})
# Collect source files
set(SOURCE
main.cpp
mainwindow.cpp
)
# Collect header files
set(HEADERS
mainwindow.h
)
# Create executable
add_executable(prog ${SOURCE})
# Linking Editor with Qt libraries
target_link_libraries(prog Qt5::Core Qt5::Widgets)
When I run cmake and then make the following error message is presented;
Scanning dependencies of target Prog
[ 40%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/Prog.dir/main.cpp.o
In file included from /path/main.cpp:7:0:
/path/mainwindow.h:7:20: fatal error: QWidgets: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
Where am I doing wrong with the CMake file?
mainwindow.h looks like this:
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
/*
* mainwindow.h
*/
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QWidgets>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidgets *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
};
#endif
A: It should be
#include <QWidget>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
...
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
The Cypress tree is an evergreen variation that consists of more than 140 species. This family, the Cupressaceae family, includes species such as the Juniper, Arizona Cypress, Italian Cypress and the Eastern Redcedar. Cypress trees have needle-like leaves and produce cones as fruit. While each species has varying drought and flood tolerances, most are moderately to fast growing trees that are mostly disease resistant. Still, the cypress is susceptible to several fungal diseases.
Cercospora needle blight overwinters within the microscopic crevices of cypress needles. During springs wet period, the fungal spores are released, infecting the needles of the tree. Infected cypress trees will display browning and wilting of its needles. The browning generally begins at the base of the tree and moves upwards as the disease progresses. Severely infected needles will die. Cercospora needle blight is easily controlled with fungicidal spray treatments which must be applied in the mid to late spring for full effectiveness. An additional treatment in the early fall provides additional protection.
Seiridium canker is a chronic fungal disease that is especially damaging to the Leyland cypress tree. The disease affects trees of all ages. Cypress trees infected with seiridium canker develop dark colored patches on bark and branches. These spots develop into sunken cankers which often ooze fungal resin. Infected twigs and branches eventually die from the disease. Deadened areas display a reddish brown color which may also include fruiting fungal bodies. Chemical treatments are not available for seiridium canker. Infected areas should be pruned from the tree to reduce the effects of the disease.
Phomopsis tip blight infects the new growth of the cypress tree's needles. Like many fungal diseases, the fungus lies dormant in the twigs and bark throughout the winter months. Emerging in the spring, the fungus infects the succulent needles and any wounds on the tree. Infected cypress trees will experience dieback of shoots and needles. The infected areas will develop small fungal bodies that are especially prominent on deadened areas. This disease is especially detrimental to juniper trees. Good ventilation and proper watering and drainage will reduce the potential for phomopsis tip blight. Infected areas should be pruned from the tree, approximately two to three inches away from the point of infection. Fungicidal sprays are effective in treating the infection.
Why Is My Alberta Spruce Turning Brown?
Why Is My Blue Spruce Turning Red & Losing Its Needles? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Highlighting selected menu item Page named index.php contains 1 menu with 3 options. Menu links lead to URL:index.php?id_product=xy. Then PHP reads id_product with GET and prints details from database. Now I want to highlight(change color of text) of the last clicked menu item. How to do this? Is it possible to read the value of id_product form URL with jQuery and then to add text effect to clicked menu item? Any ideas?
<ul>
<li><a href='index.php?id_product=1'>1</a></li>
<li><a href='index.php?id_product=2'>2</a></li>
<li><a href='index.php?id_product=3'>3</a></li>
</ul>
A: First, add some id tags to your elements:
<ul>
<li><a id="1" href='index.php?id_product=1'>1</a></li>
<li><a id="2" href='index.php?id_product=2'>2</a></li>
<li><a id="3" href='index.php?id_product=3'>3</a></li>
</ul>
Then add class "highlight" to the proper $_GET variable using javascript/jquery and a sprinkle of php:
<script>
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
var selected_product = "<?php echo $_GET['id_product']; ?>";
if(selected_product !== "")
$("#"+selected_product).addClass("highlight");
});
</script>
Finally create the highlight class with css:
<style>
a.highlight { color: red; }
</style>
A: <?php
$menu_items = array(1, 2, 3);
$product_id = $_GET['id_product'];
echo "<ul>";
foreach($menu_items as $menu_item){
echo "<li><a href='index.php?id_product=" . $menu_item . "'" . (isset($product_id) && $product_id == $menu_item ? " class='active'" : "") . ">" . $menu_item . "</a></li>";
}
echo "</ul>";
?>
This will add an active class to the menu item based on id_product
A: This should be work.
$(function()){
var file_url = window.location.pathname.substring(window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')+1)
$("ul > li > a[href="+file_url+"]").addClass("selected");
}
another way should be
$(function(){
$("ul > li > a[href$='"+window.location.search+"']").addClass("selected");
})
anyway it is easier only with php :)
foreach ($products as $p) {
$selected = ($_GET["id_product"]==$p->id)?" class='selected'":"";
echo "<a href='?id_product=".$p->id."'".$selected.">".$p->id."</a>";
}
or
<style>
a[href*='id_product=<?=$_GET["id_product"]?>']{ color:red; }
</style>
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |