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[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/461)通过]", "66/145. 普遍实现人民自决的权利", "大会，", "重申普遍实现《联合国宪章》所赋予、两项国际人权公约[1] 所体现以及大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议所载《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》中所列的人民自决权利对于切实保障和尊重人权的重要性，", "欣见处于殖民、外国或外来占领下的人民逐步行使自决权利，建立主权国家，实现独立，", "深为关切外国军事干预和占领的行为或威胁持续不断，可能压制或已经压制人民和民族自决的权利，", "表示严重关切由于这种行为的持续存在，千百万人民已被逐出或正被逐出家园，成为难民和流离失所者，强调亟需采取协调一致的国际行动以缓解他们的困境，", "回顾人权委员会第六十一届会议[2] 和以往各届会议所通过的关于外国军事干预、侵略和占领导致人民自决权利及其他人权受到侵害的各项相关决议，", "重申大会以往关于普遍实现人民自决权利的各项决议，包括2010年12月21日第65/201号决议，", "又重申其载有《联合国千年宣言》的2000年9月8日第55/2号决议，并回顾其载有《2005年世界首脑会议成果》的2005年9月16日第60/1号决议，其中除其他外，支持处于殖民统治和外国占领下的人民的自决权利，", "表示注意到秘书长关于人民自决权利的报告，[3]", "1. 重申普遍实现所有人民，包括处于殖民、外国或外来统治下的人民的自决权利，是切实保障和尊重人权以及维护和促进这种权利的一个基本条件；", "2. 宣布坚决反对外国军事干预、侵略和占领行为，因为这些行为已在世界某些地区导致人民自决权利及其他人权受到压制；", "3. 吁请应对这些行为负有责任的国家立即停止其对外国和外国领土的军事干预和占领，停止一切镇压、歧视、剥削和虐待行为，尤应停止对有关人民施加这类行为时据报采用的残酷和不人道手法；", "4. 痛惜被上述行为逐出家园的千百万难民和流离失所者处境困难，重申他们有权安全和体面地自愿返回家园；", "5. 请人权理事会继续对外国军事干预、侵略或占领导致人权特别是自决权利受到侵害的情况给予特别注意；", "6. 请秘书长在题为“人民自决的权利”项目下，就此问题向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2005年，补编第3号》和更正(E/2005/23和Corr.2)，第二章，A节。", "[3] A/66/172。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "66/145. Universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and embodied in the International Covenants on Human Rights,[1] as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self‑determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation and their emergence into sovereign statehood and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self‑determination of peoples and nations,", "Expressing grave concern that, as a consequence of the persistence of such actions, millions of people have been and are being uprooted from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and emphasizing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their condition,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions regarding the violation of the right of peoples to self‑determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its sixty‑first[2] and previous sessions,", "Reaffirming its previous resolutions on the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination, including resolution 65/201 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also its resolution 55/2 of 8 September 2000, containing the United Nations Millennium Declaration, and recalling its resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005, containing the 2005 World Summit Outcome, which, inter alia, upheld the right to self‑determination of peoples under colonial domination and foreign occupation,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary‑General on the right of peoples to self‑determination,[3]", "1. Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, to self‑determination is a fundamental condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "2. Declares its firm opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, since these have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self‑determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "3. Calls upon those States responsible to cease immediately their military intervention in and occupation of foreign countries and territories and all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and maltreatment, in particular the brutal and inhuman methods reportedly employed for the execution of those acts against the peoples concerned;", "4. Deplores the plight of millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been uprooted as a result of the aforementioned acts, and reaffirms their right to return to their homes voluntarily in safety and with honour;", "5. Requests the Human Rights Council to continue to give special attention to violations of human rights, especially the right to self‑determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6. Requests the Secretary‑General to report on the question to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Right of peoples to self‑determination”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/2005/23 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[3]  A/66/172." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, as reflected in the two international human rights conventions and in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, as contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, to the effective guarantee and respect for human rights,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right of peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation, the establishment of a sovereign State and the realization of independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuing threat or threat of foreign military intervention and occupation, which may oppress or suppress the right of peoples and peoples to self-determination,", "Expressing grave concern that, as a result of the persistence of such acts, millions of people have been deported or are being expelled from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and stressing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their plight,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions adopted at the sixty-first session of the Commission on Human Rights [2] and previous sessions on foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation resulting in violations of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights,", "Reaffirming its previous resolutions on the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination, including resolution 65/201 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also its resolution 55/2 of 8 September 2000, containing the United Nations Millennium Declaration, and recalling its resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005, containing the 2005 World Summit Outcome, which, inter alia, supports the right of peoples to self-determination under colonial rule and foreign occupation,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the right of peoples to self-determination, [3]", "Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right to self-determination of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign or alien domination, is an essential condition for the effective guarantee and respect for human rights and the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "Declare a firm opposition to foreign military interference, aggression and occupation, which have led to the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "Calls upon States responsible for such acts to immediately cease their military intervention and occupation in foreign and foreign territories and to cease all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and abuse, and, in particular, to put an end to the cruel and inhuman methods reported to be used in imposing such acts on the people concerned;", "Deplores the difficult situation of millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been expelled from their homes by the above-mentioned acts, and reiterates their right to return to their homes in a safe and dignified manner;", "Requests the Human Rights Council to continue to pay special attention to violations of human rights, in particular the right to self-determination caused by foreign military interference, aggression or occupation;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report on this matter to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “The right of peoples to self-determination”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/2005/23 and Corr.2), chap. II, sect.", "[3] A/64/272." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/461)通过]", "66/146. 巴勒斯坦人民自决的权利", "大会，", "意识到发展国际间以尊重人民平等权利及自决原则为根据之友好关系是《联合国宪章》所确立的宗旨和原则之一，", "在这方面回顾大会题为“关于各国依照联合国宪章建立友好关系和合作的国际法原则宣言”的1970年10月24日第2625(XXV)号决议，", "铭记两项国际人权公约、[1] 《世界人权宣言》、[2] 《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》[3] 和1993年6月25日世界人权会议通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[4]", "回顾《联合国五十周年纪念宣言》，[5]", "又回顾《联合国千年宣言》，[6]", "还回顾国际法院2004年7月9日对在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果发表的咨询意见，[7] 尤其注意到法院所作的答复，包括关于人民自决权利这一普遍适用的权利的答复，[8]", "回顾法院在其2004年7月9日咨询意见中作出的结论，即占领国以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙以及此前采取的种种措施严重妨碍巴勒斯坦人民的自决权利，[9]", "表示亟须在中东和平进程内，根据联合国相关决议、马德里框架、包括土地换和平原则、阿拉伯和平倡议[10] 以及实现以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的永久性两国解决办法的四方路线图[11] 恢复并加快推动谈判，迅速实现巴勒斯坦和以色列双方之间问题的公正、持久与全面和平解决，", "强调指出必须尊重和维护包括东耶路撒冷在内所有巴勒斯坦被占领土的领土统一、毗连和完整，并在这方面回顾大会2004年5月6日第58/292号决议，", "回顾大会2010年12月21日第65/202号决议，", "申明该区域所有国家均享有在安全和国际公认边界内和平生活的权利，", "1. 重申巴勒斯坦人民的自决权利，包括建立自己的独立巴勒斯坦国的权利；", "2. 敦促所有国家以及联合国系统各专门机构和组织继续支持和协助巴勒斯坦人民早日实现其自决权利。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 第1514(XV)号决议。", "[4] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[5] 见第50/6号决议。", "[6] 见第55/2号决议。", "[7] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[8] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1，咨询意见，第88段；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[9] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1，咨询意见，第122段；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[10] A/56/1026-S/2002/932，附件二，第14/221号决议。", "[11] S/2003/529，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "66/146. The right of the Palestinian people to self‑determination", "The General Assembly,", "Aware that the development of friendly relations among nations, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self‑determination of peoples, is among the purposes and principles of the United Nations, as defined in the Charter,", "Recalling, in this regard, its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970 entitled “Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations”,", "Bearing in mind the International Covenants on Human Rights,[1] the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[2] the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples[3] and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993,[4]", "Recalling the Declaration on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations,[5]", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[6]", "Recalling further the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,[7] and noting in particular the reply of the Court, including on the right of peoples to self‑determination, which is a right erga omnes,[8]", "Recalling the conclusion of the Court, in its advisory opinion of 9 July 2004, that the construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, along with measures previously taken, severely impedes the right of the Palestinian people to self‑determination,[9]", "Expressing the urgent need for the resumption and accelerated advancement of negotiations within the Middle East peace process, based on the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, the Madrid terms of reference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative[10] and the Quartet road map to a permanent two‑State solution to the Israeli‑Palestinian conflict,[11] and for the speedy achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement between the Palestinian and Israeli sides,", "Stressing the need for respect for and preservation of the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and recalling in this regard its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004,", "Recalling its resolution 65/202 of 21 December 2010,", "Affirming the right of all States in the region to live in peace within secure and internationally recognized borders,", "1. Reaffirms the right of the Palestinian people to self‑determination, including the right to their independent State of Palestine;", "2. Urges all States and the specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people in the early realization of their right to self‑determination.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  Resolution 1514 (XV).", "[4]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[5]  See resolution 50/6.", "[6]  See resolution 55/2.", "[7]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[8]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1, advisory opinion, para. 88; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[9]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1, advisory opinion, para. 122; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[10]  A/56/1026‑S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221.", "[11]  S/2003/529, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "Palestinian right to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Aware that the development of friendly relations between the international community based on the principle of respect for the equal rights of the people and the principle of self-determination is one of the purposes and principles established in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling in this regard its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, entitled “Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations”,", "Bearing in mind the two international human rights conventions, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples [3] and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, [4]", "Recalling the Declaration on the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations, [5]", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, [6]", "Recalling further the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004 on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, [7] noting in particular the responses of the Court, including responses to the universal right to self-determination of the people, [8]", "Recalling the conclusion made by the Court in its advisory opinion of 9 July 2004 that the construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the measures previously taken seriously hamper the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination,", "Expressing the urgent need to restore and expedite negotiations in the Middle East peace process, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, the Madrid framework, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative [10] and the Quartet road map for the achievement of a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict [11], in order to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive solution to the problems between the Palestinian and Israeli sides,", "Stressing the importance of respecting and preserving the unity, contiguousness and integrity of all occupied Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, and recalling in this regard General Assembly resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 3902 of 21 December 2010,", "Affirming that all States in the region enjoy the right to live in peace within secure and internationally recognized borders,", "Reaffirms the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, including the right to establish their independent Palestinian State;", "Urges all States, as well as the specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system, to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people in their early realization of their right to self-determination.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217A (III).", "[3] Resolution 1514 (XV).", "[4] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[5] See resolution 50/6.", "[6] See resolution 55/2.", "[7] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion”, Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[8] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1, Advisory Opinion, para. 88; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[9] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1, Advisory Opinion, para. 122; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[10] A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221.", "[11] S/2003/529, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/461)通过]", "66/147. 以雇佣军为手段侵犯人权并阻挠行使民族自决权", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于这一主题的所有决议，包括2010年12月21日第65/203号决议，并回顾人权理事会2010年9月30日第15/12号、[1] 2010年10月1日第15/26号[2] 和2011年9月29日第18/4号决议，[3] 以及人权委员会在这方面通过的所有决议，", "又回顾大会所有相关决议，其中除其他外谴责任何国家允许或容忍以推翻联合国会员国政府，特别是以推翻发展中国家政府为目的，或以对抗民族解放运动为目的，招募、资助、训练、集结、转运或使用雇佣军，还回顾大会、安全理事会、经济及社会理事会和非洲统一组织通过的相关决议和国际文书，特别是《非洲统一组织消除非洲雇佣军制度公约》，[4] 以及非洲联盟通过的相关决议和国际文书，", "重申《联合国宪章》所载关于严格遵守各国主权平等、政治独立、领土完整、人民自决、在国际关系中不使用武力或以武力相威胁及不干涉各国国内管辖范围内事务的宗旨和原则，", "又重申基于自决原则，所有人民均有权自由决定自身政治地位并谋求经济、社会和文化发展，而且各国均有义务依照《宪章》规定尊重这一权利，", "还重申《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系和合作的国际法原则宣言》，[5]", "欣见人权理事会不限成员名额政府间工作组的设立，任务是审议是否有可能拟订一项关于监管、监测和监督私营军事和安保公司活动的国际管制框架，包括拟订一项具有法律约束力的文书的可能性，", "震惊并关切地注意到雇佣军活动危及发展中国家特别是非洲国家和小国的和平与安全，", "深为关切雇佣军犯罪活动导致人民丧生，财产遭受巨大破坏，并对受害国政策和经济造成不利影响，", "极为震惊并关切地注意到最近在世界不同地区的某些发展中国家，包括在发生武装冲突地区出现了雇佣军活动，对受影响国家的宪制秩序的完整与应有尊重构成威胁，", "关切据称有雇佣兵及一些私营军事和保安公司的雇员参与同雇佣军有关的活动，严重侵犯人权，包括即决处决、强迫失踪、强奸、酷刑、实施残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇、任意逮捕和拘留、纵火、抢劫和掠夺，", "深信制定全面、具有法律约束力的国际监管文书对于规范私营军事和保安公司行为非常重要，而且在这方面非常有助于采取措施确保追究它们对侵犯人权行为的责任并监督它们的活动，", "又深信无论以何种方式使用雇佣军，无论雇佣军以何种方式取得某种合法假象，雇佣军或与雇佣军有关的活动都威胁到和平、安全和人民自决并妨碍人民享受所有人权，", "1. 表示赞赏地注意到以雇佣军为手段侵犯人权并阻挠行使民族自决权问题工作组的报告，[6] 并表示赞赏工作组专家所做的工作；", "2. 重申使用、招募、资助和训练雇佣军是令所有国家严重关切的行为，违反《联合国宪章》载明的宗旨和原则；", "3. 确认武装冲突、恐怖主义、贩运军火和第三国势力的暗中活动尤其刺激全球市场对雇佣军的需求；", "4. 再次敦促所有国家采取必要步骤，保持最高度警惕，防范雇佣军活动造成的威胁，并采取立法措施确保本国领土及其控制下的其他领土以及本国国民不被用来招募、集结、资助、训练、保护或转运雇佣军，防止利用雇佣军策划活动来阻碍人民行使自决权，动摇或推翻某国政府，或全部或部分地分割或损害遵循人民自决权利的独立主权国家的领土完整或政治统一；", "5. 请所有国家保持最高度警惕，防止从事国际军事咨询和安保服务业务的私营公司招募、训练、雇用或资助雇佣军，明令禁止这类公司干预武装冲突或从事动摇宪制政体的行动；", "6. 鼓励引进私营公司军事援助、咨询和安保服务的各国建立国家监管机制，对这些公司进行登记并发放许可证，以确保引进这些私营公司的服务在接受国内不至妨碍人们享受人权，亦不至侵犯人权；", "7. 强调大会极为关切私营军事和安保公司的活动对享受人权产生的影响，特别是在武装冲突中开展此类业务之时，并注意到私营军事和安保公司及其人员很少因侵犯人权行为而被追究责任；", "8. 吁请所有尚未加入或批准《反对招募、使用、资助和训练雇佣军国际公约》[7] 的国家考虑采取必要行动，加入或批准《公约》；", "9. 欢迎接待工作组访问的国家给予的合作，并欢迎一些国家颁布国家立法，限制招募、集结、资助、训练和转运雇佣军；", "10. 谴责最近在世界不同地区的某些发展中国家，特别是在发生冲突地区出现雇佣军活动，威胁到这些国家宪制秩序的完整与应有尊重以及这些国家人民自决权利的行使，并强调指出工作组必须研究雇佣军及其有关活动的来源和根源及政治动机；", "11. 吁请各国面对无论何时何地发生的恐怖主义性质犯罪行为，均予调查是否有雇佣军介入，并依照国内法和适用的双边或国际条约，审判已经认定负有责任者或考虑应要求将其引渡；", "12. 谴责以任何方式免于惩处雇佣军活动行为人以及对使用、招募、资助和训练雇佣军负有责任者，并敦促所有国家依照国际法规定的义务，将其一律绳之以法；", "13. 吁请各会员国依照国际法规定的义务，进行合作和提供协助，以便通过透明、公开和公正的审判，对被控从事雇佣军活动者进行司法起诉；", "14. 请工作组针对雇佣军或与雇佣军有关活动构成的现有和新起威胁，参考特别报告员提交人权委员会第六十届会议的报告中提出的雇佣军新法律定义提案，[8] 继续以往各位特别报告员在加强防止和制裁招募、使用、资助和训练雇佣军的国际法律框架方面的工作，包括拟订和提出具体提议，以供制定可能的旨在填补现有空白的补充标准和新标准，以及鼓励进一步保护人权特别是人民自决权利的一般导则或基本原则；", "15. 请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处作为优先事项，宣传雇佣军活动对人民自决权利的不利影响，并应请求和在必要时向受雇佣军活动影响的国家提供咨询服务；", "16. 表示赞赏高级专员办事处支持举行五个区域政府间协商会，讨论利用传统形式和新形式雇佣军活动侵犯人权和阻止人民行使自决权利的问题，特别是私营军事和安保公司的活动对享受人权的影响；", "17. 赞赏地注意到工作组在访问各国并与学术界、政府间组织和非政府组织协商后，通过区域协商进程，致力于为管制在国际市场上提供军事援助、军事咨询和其他与安保有关的军事服务的私营公司拟订具体原则；又注意到工作组为拟订供会员国审议的关于监管、监测和监督私营军事和安保公司的公约草案所做的工作；[9]", "18. 注意到人权理事会不限成员名额政府间工作组第一届会议的会议纪要，该工作组的任务是审议是否有可能拟订一项关于监管、监测和监督私营军事和安保公司活动的国际管制框架；[10] 表示满意地注意到各方专家包括以雇佣军为手段问题工作组成员作为顾问人员参加了此届会议；请以雇佣军为手段问题工作组和其他专家继续参与；", "19. 鼓励会员国继续考虑以雇佣军为手段问题工作组提出的关于是否可能订立一项公约以规范私营军事和安保公司活动的提案，[11] 并建议所有会员国，包括那些作为合同当事国、业务所在国、母国或者本国国民受雇为私营军事和安保公司工作等面对私营军事和安保公司现象的国家，为不限成员名额政府间工作组的工作做出贡献，同时考虑到该工作组已完成的初步工作；", "20. 敦促所有国家与以雇佣军为手段问题工作组通力合作，以便其执行任务；", "21. 请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员向工作组提供完成其任务所需的一切专业和财政协助与支持，包括推动工作组与联合国系统负责对付与雇佣军有关活动的其他部门开展合作，以满足工作组当前和今后活动的需求；", "22. 请工作组在执行本决议时，与各国以及各政府间组织和非政府组织协商，并就工作组关于以雇佣军为手段妨碍人民享受所有人权和阻挠人民行使自决权利问题的调查结果，向大会第六十七届会议提出报告和具体建议；", "23. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“人民自决的权利”的项目下审议以雇佣军为手段侵犯人权并阻挠行使民族自决权的问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53A号》(A/65/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[2] 同上，第一章。", "[3] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1490卷，第25573号。", "[5] 第2625(XXV)号决议，附件。", "[6] 见A/66/317。", "[7] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2163卷，第37789号。", "[8] 见E/CN.4/2004/15，第47段。", "[9] 见A/HRC/15/25。", "[10] A/HRC/WG.10/1/CRP.2。", "[11] A/65/325，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "66/147. Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self‑determination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all of its previous resolutions on the subject, including resolution 65/203 of 21 December 2010, and Human Rights Council resolutions 15/12 of 30 September 2010,[1] 15/26 of 1 October 2010[2] and 18/4 of 29 September 2011,[3] as well as all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Human Rights in this regard,", "Recalling also all of its relevant resolutions in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit or use of mercenaries with the objective of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, especially those of developing countries, or of fighting against national liberation movements, and recalling further the relevant resolutions and international instruments adopted by the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity, inter alia, the Organization of African Unity Convention for the elimination of mercenarism in Africa,[4] as well as by the African Union,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, the territorial integrity of States, the self‑determination of peoples, the non‑use of force or of the threat of use of force in international relations and non‑interference in affairs within the domestic jurisdiction of States,", "Reaffirming also that, by virtue of the principle of self‑determination, all peoples have the right freely to determine their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development and that every State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter,", "Reaffirming further the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,[5]", "Welcoming the establishment of the open‑ended intergovernmental Working Group of the Human Rights Council with the mandate of considering the possibility of elaborating an international regulatory framework, including the option of elaborating a legally binding instrument on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of the activities of private military and security companies,", "Alarmed and concerned at the danger that the activities of mercenaries constitute to peace and security in developing countries, in particular in Africa and in small States,", "Deeply concerned at the loss of life, the substantial damage to property and the negative effects on the policy and economies of affected countries resulting from criminal mercenary activities,", "Extremely alarmed and concerned about recent mercenary activities in some developing countries in various parts of the world, including in areas of armed conflict, and the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of the affected countries,", "Concerned at the alleged involvement of mercenaries, as well as employees of some private military and security companies with mercenary‑related activities, in serious human rights violations, including summary executions, enforced disappearances, rape, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, arbitrary arrests and detentions, arson, pillaging and looting,", "Convinced that a comprehensive, legally binding international regulatory instrument is important for regulating private military and security companies and, in this regard, for taking measures to ensure their accountability for human rights violations and monitor their activities,", "Convinced also that, notwithstanding the way in which they are used or the form that they take to acquire some semblance of legitimacy, mercenaries or mercenary‑related activities are a threat to peace, security and the self‑determination of peoples and an obstacle to the enjoyment of all human rights by peoples,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self‑determination,[6] and expresses its appreciation for the work of the experts of the Working Group;", "2. Reaffirms that the use of mercenaries and their recruitment, financing and training are causes for grave concern to all States and violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations;", "3. Recognizes that armed conflict, terrorism, arms trafficking and covert operations by third Powers, inter alia, encourage the demand for mercenaries on the global market;", "4. Urges once again all States to take the steps necessary and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the activities of mercenaries and to take legislative measures to ensure that their territories and other territories under their control, as well as their nationals, are not used for the recruitment, assembly, financing, training, protection or transit of mercenaries for the planning of activities designed to impede the right of peoples to self‑determination, to destabilize or overthrow the Government of any State or to dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent States conducting themselves in compliance with the right of peoples to self‑determination;", "5. Requests all States to exercise the utmost vigilance against any kind of recruitment, training, hiring or financing of mercenaries by private companies offering international military consultancy and security services, as well as to impose a specific ban on such companies intervening in armed conflicts or actions to destabilize constitutional regimes;", "6. Encourages States that import the military assistance, consultancy and security services provided by private companies to establish regulatory national mechanisms for the registering and licensing of those companies in order to ensure that imported services provided by those private companies neither impede the enjoyment of human rights nor violate human rights in the recipient country;", "7. Emphasizes its utmost concern about the impact of the activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights, in particular when operating in armed conflicts, and notes that private military and security companies and their personnel are rarely held accountable for violations of human rights;", "8. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider taking the action necessary to accede to or ratify the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries;[7]", "9. Welcomes the cooperation extended by those countries that received a visit by the Working Group and the adoption by some States of national legislation that restricts the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries;", "10. Condemns recent mercenary activities in developing countries in various parts of the world, in particular in areas of conflict, and the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of those countries and the exercise of the right of their peoples to self‑determination, and stresses the importance for the Working Group of looking into sources and root causes, as well as the political motivations of mercenaries and for mercenary‑related activities;", "11. Calls upon States to investigate the possibility of mercenary involvement whenever and wherever criminal acts of a terrorist nature occur and to bring to trial those found responsible or to consider their extradition, if so requested, in accordance with domestic law and applicable bilateral or international treaties;", "12. Condemns any form of impunity granted to perpetrators of mercenary activities and to those responsible for the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries, and urges all States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to bring them, without distinction, to justice;", "13. Calls upon Member States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to cooperate with and assist the judicial prosecution of those accused of mercenary activities in transparent, open and fair trials;", "14. Requests the Working Group to continue the work already done by the previous Special Rapporteurs on the strengthening of the international legal framework for the prevention and sanction of the recruitment, use, financing and training of mercenaries, taking into account the proposal for a new legal definition of a mercenary drafted by the Special Rapporteur in his report to the Commission on Human Rights at its sixtieth session,[8] including the elaboration and presentation of concrete proposals on possible complementary and new standards aimed at filling existing gaps, as well as general guidelines or basic principles encouraging the further protection of human rights, in particular the right of peoples to self‑determination, while facing current and emergent threats posed by mercenaries or mercenary‑related activities;", "15. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, as a matter of priority, to publicize the adverse effects of the activities of mercenaries on the right of peoples to self‑determination and, when requested and where necessary, to render advisory services to States that are affected by those activities;", "16. Expresses its appreciation to the Office of the High Commissioner for its support for the holding of the five regional governmental consultations on traditional and new forms of mercenary activities as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self‑determination, in particular regarding the effects of the activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights;", "17. Notes with appreciation the work of the Working Group on the elaboration of concrete principles on the regulation of private companies offering military assistance, consultancy and other military security‑related services on the international market, which it carried out after country visits and through the process of regional consultations, and in consultation with academics and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, and also notes its work on the draft convention on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of private military and security companies for consideration by Member States;[9]", "18. Takes note of the summary of the first session of the open‑ended intergovernmental Working Group of the Human Rights Council to consider the possibility of elaborating an international regulatory framework on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of the activities of private military and security companies,[10] expresses satisfaction regarding the participation of experts, including the members of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries, as resource persons at that session, and requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries and other experts to continue to participate;", "19. Encourages Member States to continue considering the proposal of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries regarding a possible convention for regulating private military and security companies,[11] and recommends to all Member States, including those confronted with the phenomenon of private military and security companies, as contracting States, States of operations, home States or States whose nationals are employed to work for a private military and security company, to contribute to the work of the open‑ended intergovernmental Working Group, taking into account the initial work done by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries;", "20. Urges all States to cooperate fully with the Working Group on the use of mercenaries in the fulfilment of its mandate;", "21. Requests the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the Working Group with all the assistance and support necessary for the fulfilment of its mandate, both professional and financial, including through the promotion of cooperation between the Working Group and other components of the United Nations system that deal with countering mercenary‑related activities, in order to meet the demands of its current and future activities;", "22. Requests the Working Group to consult States and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations in the implementation of the present resolution and to report, with specific recommendations, to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session its findings on the use of mercenaries to undermine the enjoyment of all human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self‑determination;", "23. Decides to consider at its sixty‑seventh session the question of the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self‑determination under the item entitled “Right of peoples to self‑determination”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[2]  Ibid., chap. I.", "[3]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1490, No. 25573.", "[5]  Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[6]  See A/66/317.", "[7]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2163, No. 37789.", "[8]  See E/CN.4/2004/15, para. 47.", "[9]  See A/HRC/15/25.", "[10]  A/HRC/WG.10/1/CRP.2.", "[11]  A/65/325, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/461)]", "Human rights violations by mercenaries and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all previous resolutions on this subject, including resolution 3903 of 21 December 2010, and recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 15/12 of 30 September 2010, 15/26 of 1 October 2010 and 18/4 of 29 September 2011, [3] and all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Human Rights in this regard,", "Recalling also all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, in which it condemned, inter alia, that any State permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit or use of mercenaries for the purpose of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, in particular the Organization of African Unity Convention on the Elimination of Mercenaries in Africa, and relevant resolutions and international instruments adopted by the African Union,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations relating to strict observance of the sovereign equality, political independence, territorial integrity, self-determination of peoples, the non-use of force in international relations or the threat of use of force and non-interference in the affairs of States within their national jurisdiction,", "Reaffirming also that, in accordance with the principle of self-determination, all peoples have the right to freely determine their political status and to pursue economic, social and cultural development, and that States have the obligation to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter,", "Reaffirming also the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, [5]", "Welcoming the establishment of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group of the Human Rights Council to consider the possibility of elaborating an international regulatory framework for regulating, monitoring and monitoring the activities of private military and security companies, including the possibility of a legally binding instrument,", "Alarmed and noted with concern that the activities of mercenaries endanger the peace and security of developing countries, in particular African States and small States,", "Deeply concerned that the criminal activities of mercenaries have resulted in the loss of life of the people, the destruction of property and the negative impact on the policies and economies of the injured State,", "Alarmed and noted with deep concern the recent emergence of mercenaries in certain developing countries in different parts of the world, including in situations of armed conflict, which poses a threat to the integrity and respect of the constitutional order in the affected countries,", "Concerned at the alleged involvement of employees of mercenaries and some private military and security companies in activities related to mercenaries, and gross violations of human rights, including summary executions, enforced disappearances, rape, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, arbitrary arrest and detention, fire, robbery and robbery,", "Convinced that the development of a comprehensive and legally binding international regulatory instrument is important for regulating the conduct of private military and security companies, and in this regard is very useful in measures to ensure accountability for human rights violations and to monitor their activities,", "Convinced also that the use of mercenaries, regardless of the manner in which mercenaries have obtained a legal error, constitutes a threat to peace, security and peoples' self-determination and to the enjoyment of all human rights by the people,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Working Group on the Protection of Human Rights by Mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination, [6] and expresses its appreciation for the work of its experts;", "Reaffirms that the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries is a grave concern for all States, in violation of the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations;", "Recognizes that the dark activities of armed conflict, terrorism, arms trafficking and third-country forces, in particular, stimulate the demand for mercenaries in global markets;", "Urges once again all States to take the necessary steps to maintain the utmost vigilance against the threat posed by the activities of mercenaries and to take legislative measures to ensure that their territories and other territories under their control, as well as their nationals, are not used for the recruitment, assembly, financing, training, protection or transit of mercenaries, to prevent the use of mercenary planning activities to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination, to destabilize or overthrow a Government or to divide or impair the territorial integrity or political unity of independent sovereign States that follow the right of peoples to self-determination;", "Invites all States to exercise the utmost vigilance against the recruitment, training, hiring or financing of mercenaries by private companies engaged in international military advisory and security services operations, and to prohibit such companies from engaging in armed conflict or engaging in actions that sabotage the constitutional regime;", "Encourages States that have introduced private companies' military assistance, counselling and security services to establish national regulatory mechanisms to register and grant licences to ensure that the services of these private companies are not used to impede the enjoyment of human rights in the country or not to violate human rights;", "Emphasizes that the General Assembly is extremely concerned about the impact of activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights, in particular when such operations are carried out in armed conflict, and notes that private military and security companies and their personnel are rarely held accountable for human rights violations;", "Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider taking the necessary action to accede to or ratify the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries;", "Welcomes the cooperation extended by the States hosting the Working Group's visit and welcomes the enactment of national legislation that limits the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries;", "Condemns recent mercenary activities in some developing countries in different parts of the world, in particular in conflict zones, which threaten the integrity and respect of their constitutional order and the exercise of their right to self-determination, and stresses the need for the Working Group to study the origins and causes of mercenary and its related activities and political motivations;", "Calls upon States to investigate the possibility of mercenary involvement and, in accordance with national laws and applicable bilateral or international treaties, those responsible have been tried or consider extradition as required;", "Condemns in any way the perpetrators of mercenary activities and those responsible for the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries, and urges all States to bring them to justice in accordance with their obligations under international law;", "Calls upon Member States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to cooperate and assist in the judicial prosecution of persons accused of mercenary activities through transparent, open and impartial trials;", "Requests the Working Group to continue its work on strengthening the international legal framework to prevent and sanction the recruitment, use, financing and training of mercenaries, including the development and submission of specific proposals for possible complementary standards and new standards aimed at filling existing gaps, as set out in the report of the Special Rapporteur to the Commission on Human Rights at its sixtieth session, and to encourage further protection of human rights, in particular the people's right to self-determination;", "Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to promote, as a matter of priority, the adverse impact of mercenary activities on the right of peoples to self-determination and to provide advisory services to States affected by the activities of mercenaries, if requested and when necessary;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Office of the High Commissioner for its support for the holding of five regional intergovernmental consultations on the use of traditional and new forms of mercenary activities to violate human rights and prevent the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination, in particular the impact of activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts of the Working Group to develop specific principles for private companies that control military assistance, military advice and other security-related military services on the international market, in consultation with States and with academic, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and also notes the work of the Working Group in preparing a draft convention on regulating, monitoring and monitoring private military and security companies for consideration by Member States; [9]", "Takes note of the summary of the first session of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group of the Human Rights Council, which is mandated to consider the possibility of developing an international regulatory framework for the regulation, monitoring and monitoring of the activities of private military and security companies; [10] notes with satisfaction the participation of experts from all parties, including members of the Working Group on mercenaries as consultants; and requests the Working Group on Mercenaries and other experts to continue their engagement;", "Encourages Member States to continue to consider the proposal made by the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a means of regulating the activities of private military and security companies, [11] and recommends that all Member States, including those States that are parties to contracts, operating countries, home countries or their nationals, who are employed as private military and security companies, contribute to the work of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group, taking into account the initial work done by the Working Group;", "Urges all States to cooperate fully with the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries in order to carry out its mandate;", "Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the Working Group with all the professional and financial assistance and support required to fulfil its mandate, including by promoting cooperation between the Working Group and other departments responsible for dealing with mercenary-related activities in order to meet the needs of the Working Group in its current and future activities;", "Requests the Working Group, in implementing the present resolution, to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, in consultation with States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and to submit to it at its sixty-seventh session, a report and specific recommendations on the Working Group's findings on the issue of mercenaries impeding the enjoyment of all human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination;", "Decides to consider the question of the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination under the item entitled “Right of peoples to self-determination”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/Add.1), chap.", "Ibid., chap.", "[3] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1490, No. 25573.", "[5] Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[6] See Alain17.", "[7] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2163, No. 37789.", "[8] See E/CN.4/2004/15, para.", "See A/HRC/15/25.", "[10] A/HRC/WG.10/1/CRP.2.", "[11] A/65/325, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.1)通过]", "66/148. 两项国际人权公约", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月18日第64/152号决议，", "1. 欢迎人权事务委员会提交大会第六十五届会议的年度报告；[1]", "2. 又欢迎经济、社会和文化权利委员会第四十二届和第四十三届会议的报告[2] 及第四十四届和第四十五届会议的报告；[3]", "3. 邀请这两个委员会的主席在现有资源范围内，在大会第六十七届和第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下向大会陈述情况并与大会进行互动对话；", "4. 请秘书长通过联合国网站，使大会随时了解两项国际人权公约[4] 及其任择议定书[5] 的现况，包括所有保留和声明。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第40号》(A/65/40)，第一卷和第二卷。", "[2] 《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2010年，补编第2号》(E/2010/22)。", "[3] 同上，《2011年，补编第2号》(E/2011/22)。", "[4] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[5] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件，第44/128号决议，附件，和第6/117号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.1)]", "66/148. International Covenants on Human Rights", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/152 of 18 December 2009,", "1. Welcomes the annual report of the Human Rights Committee submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty‑fifth session;[1]", "2. Also welcomes the reports of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on its forty‑second and forty‑third sessions[2] and on its forty‑fourth and forty‑fifth sessions;[3]", "3. Invites the Chairs of the Committees to address and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh and sixty‑eighth sessions under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”, within existing resources;", "4. Requests the Secretary‑General to keep the General Assembly informed of the status of the International Covenants on Human Rights[4] and the Optional Protocols thereto,[5] including all reservations and declarations, through the United Nations websites.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/65/40), vols. I and II.", "[2]  Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2010, Supplement No. 2 (E/2010/22).", "[3]  Ibid., 2011, Supplement No. 2 (E/2011/22).", "[4]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex, resolution 44/128, annex, and resolution 63/117, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.1)]", "Circumstance 48. Two international human rights conventions", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/152 of 18 December 2009,", "Welcomes the annual report of the Human Rights Committee to the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session;", "Also welcomes the report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on its forty-second and forty-third sessions [2] and the reports of its forty-fourth and forty-fifth sessions; [3]", "Invites the chairpersons of the two commissions, within existing resources, to make presentations to the General Assembly under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights” at its sixty-seventh and sixty-eighth sessions and to engage in an interactive dialogue with the Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General, through the United Nations website, to keep the General Assembly informed of the status of the two international human rights conventions [4] and their Optional Protocol [5], including all reservations and declarations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/65/40), vol. I and II.", "[2] Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2010, Supplement No. 2 (Ench22).", "[3] Ibid., 2011, Supplement No. 2 (Eston22).", "[4] Resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[5] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex, resolution 44/128, annex, and resolution 6/11, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.1)通过]", "66/149. 世界唐氏综合征日", "大会，", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[1] 和《联合国千年宣言》，[2] 以及经济、社会和有关领域各次联合国主要会议和首脑会议的成果，", "又回顾《残疾人权利公约》[3] 规定，残疾人应能在确保其尊严、促进其自立、有利于其积极参与社会生活的条件下享有充实而体面的生活，并在与其他人平等的基础上充分享有一切人权和基本自由，缔约国在该公约中承诺立即实行有效而适当的措施以提高全社会对残疾人的认识，", "申明确保和促进充分落实所有残疾人的一切人权和基本自由对实现国际商定的发展目标至关重要，", "认识到唐氏综合征是一种自然发生的染色体组合现象，历来是人体状况的一部分，存在于全球所有各区域，而且通常对学习方式、体态特征或健康造成各种不同的影响，", "提请注意充分受益于保健服务、早期干预方案和全纳教育以及适当研究，对于个人的成长和发展至关重要，", "确认智障者的固有尊严、价值和宝贵贡献可增进其社区的福祉和多样性，并确认应让其个人自主和独立，包括自由作出个人选择，", "1. 决定指定3月21日为世界唐氏综合征日，从2012年起每年为此举办活动；", "2. 邀请所有会员国、联合国系统相关组织和其他国际组织以及包括非政府组织和私营部门在内的民间社会，以适当方式举办世界唐氏综合征日活动，以便提高公众对唐氏综合征的认识；", "3. 鼓励会员国采取措施，包括在家庭层面采取措施，提高全社会对唐氏综合征患者的认识；", "4. 请秘书长提请所有会员国和联合国各组织注意本决议。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第60/1号决议。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2515卷，第44910号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.1)]", "66/149. World Down Syndrome Day", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome[1] and the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[2] as well as the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields,", "Recalling also the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[3] according to which persons with disabilities should enjoy a full and decent life, in conditions that ensure dignity, promote self‑reliance and facilitate the person’s active participation in the community and the full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with other persons, and by which States parties undertake to adopt immediate, effective and appropriate measures to raise awareness throughout society regarding persons with disabilities,", "Affirming that ensuring and promoting the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities is critical to achieving internationally agreed development goals,", "Aware that Down syndrome is a naturally occurring chromosomal arrangement that has always been a part of the human condition, exists in all regions across the globe and commonly results in variable effects on learning styles, physical characteristics or health,", "Recalling that adequate access to health care, to early intervention programmes and to inclusive education, as well as appropriate research, are vital to the growth and development of the individual,", "Recognizing the inherent dignity, worth and valuable contributions of persons with intellectual disabilities as promoters of the well‑being and diversity of their communities, and the importance of their individual autonomy and independence, including the freedom to make their own choices,", "1. Decides to designate 21 March as World Down Syndrome Day, to be observed every year beginning in 2012;", "2. Invites all Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations, as well as civil society, including non‑governmental organizations and the private sector, to observe World Down Syndrome Day in an appropriate manner, in order to raise public awareness of Down syndrome;", "3. Encourages Member States to take measures to raise awareness throughout society, including at the family level, regarding persons with Down syndrome;", "4. Requests the Secretary‑General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States and United Nations organizations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.1)]", "Circumstance 49", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Summit Outcome 2005 and the United Nations Millennium Declaration, [2] and the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields,", "Recalling also that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [3] stipulates that persons with disabilities shall be able to enjoy a decent and dignified life in conditions that ensure their dignity, promote their self-reliance and facilitate their active participation in social life, and to fully enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with others, and that the State party undertakes to implement immediately and appropriate measures to raise awareness of persons with disabilities in society,", "Affirming that ensuring and promoting the full implementation of all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons with disabilities is essential for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals,", "Recognizing that the combined application of Donald is a natural blend phenomenon, which has historically been part of the human situation, has been in all regions of the world and often has different impacts on the way of learning, physical characteristics or health,", "Drawing attention to the full benefits of health services, early intervention programmes and education at all levels and to the importance of individual growth and development,", "Recognizing that the inherent dignity, values and valuable contributions of the mentally handicapped can enhance the well-being and diversity of their communities, and recognizing that their individual ownership and independence, including the free choice of individuals,", "Decides to designate 21 March as the Day of the World's Downership and to organize activities annually from 2012;", "Invites all Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, to organize, in an appropriate manner, the activities of the World Downer's Day in order to raise public awareness of Downership;", "Encourages Member States to take measures, including at the household level, to raise awareness among the entire society of the diligent convicting population;", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States and United Nations organizations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 60/1.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.1)通过]", "66/150. 酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚", "大会，", "重申不得对任何人实施酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，", "回顾免受酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚是包括国际人权法和国际人道主义法在内的国际法所规定的权利，不容克减，在一切情况下包括在国际或国内武装冲突或动乱或任何其他公共紧急状态期间，这一权利都须受到尊重和保护，各相关国际文书均申明绝对禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，针对这种行为的法律和程序保障措施绝不能受制于规避这一权利的措施，", "又回顾禁止酷刑是强制性国际法准则，国际、区域和国内法院都认定禁止残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚是习惯国际法，", "还回顾《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》[1] 第1条所载的酷刑定义，但不妨碍任何国际文书或国内立法载列或可能载列适用范围更广的规定，", "强调必须正确解释和履行与酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚有关的国家义务，并严格遵守《公约》第1条所载的酷刑定义，", "注意到1949年日内瓦四公约[2] 规定酷刑和不人道待遇是严重违反公约的行为，并注意到起诉应对1991年以来前南斯拉夫境内所犯严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者的国际法庭规约、起诉应对1994年1月1日至12月31日期间在卢旺达境内的种族灭绝和其他严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者和应对这一期间邻国境内种族灭绝和其他这类违法行为负责的卢旺达公民的国际刑事法庭规约以及国际刑事法院《罗马规约》[3] 均规定，酷刑行为可构成危害人类罪，在武装冲突局势中实施的酷刑行为可构成战争罪，", "欢迎《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》[4] 正式生效，这项公约的执行将大大有助于防范和禁止酷刑，包括禁止设立秘密羁押地点，因而并鼓励所有尚未签署、批准或加入这项公约的国家考虑这样做，", "赞扬包括非政府组织在内的民间社会组织、国家人权机构和国家防范机制以及规模庞大的酷刑受害者康复中心网络为防范和制止酷刑并减轻酷刑受害者的痛苦作出不懈努力，", "深为关切世界各区域针对行使和平集会和言论自由权利者实施的一切构成酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的行为，", "1. 谴责一切形式的酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，包括恐吓在内，此类行为不论何时何地一律应予禁绝，断无辩解的理由，并吁请所有国家全面、绝对和毫不克减地禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚；", "2. 强调各国必须采取持久、坚决和有效的措施，防范和制止一切酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚行为，强调指出国内刑法必须将一切酷刑行为定为犯罪，并鼓励各国在国内法中禁止构成残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的行为；", "3. 欢迎各国建立防范机制以防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，敦促各国考虑建立、任命、保持或加强具备合格专才的独立、有效机制，以便对拘押场所进行访查，从而除其他外防范酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚行为，此外吁请《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约任择议定书》[5] 的缔约国履行义务，指定或建立真正独立、有效的国家防范机制；", "4. 强调各国必须确保妥善落实相关条约机构和机制的建议和结论，包括禁止酷刑委员会，防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚小组委员会以及人权理事会酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚问题特别报告员的建议和结论；", "5. 谴责国家或公职人员在任何情况下，包括以国家安全为由或通过司法裁决，从事或企图将酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚合法化，或者予以授权或默许，此外敦促会员国确保追究所有此类行为责任人的责任；", "6. 鼓励各国考虑设立或保持适当的国家程序，以记录关于酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚行为的指控；", "7. 强调对于一切有关酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的指控以及在有合理根据相信此类行为业已发生的情况下，必须由独立的国内主管当局进行迅速、有效而公正的调查，对于怂恿、下令实施、容忍或实施此类行为者，包括经确认发生了违禁行为的羁押地点或其他剥夺人身自由地点的负责官员，必须追究其责任，移送司法，并按罪行轻重予以处罚；", "8. 在这方面回顾《有效调查和记录酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的原则》(《伊斯坦布尔原则》)[6] 是努力防范和制止酷刑的一个有益工具，而且通过采取行动打击有罪不罚现象以保护和增进人权的一套原则[7] 业经增订；", "9. 吁请所有国家实行有效措施，防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚行为，尤其是在羁押地点及其他剥夺人身自由地点，包括教育和培训负责收押、审讯或处理遭到任何形式逮捕、羁押或监禁者的相关人员；", "10. 敦促各国作为防范和打击酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚行为这方面工作的一项重要内容，确保任何主管当局或官员均不因任何个人或组织接触任何参与防范和打击酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚行为的国家或国际监督或防范机构而命令、适用、准许或容忍对其实施制裁或其他侵害；", "11. 吁请所有国家在打击酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚方面采取对性别问题具有敏感认识的办法，特别注意性别暴力行为；", "12. 吁请各国铭记《残疾人权利公约》，[8] 确保将残疾人的权利全面纳入防范酷刑和保护工作，并欢迎特别报告员在这方面作出努力；", "13. 鼓励所有国家确保被判犯有施用酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚罪行的人员以后不得参与收押、审讯或处理任何被逮捕、羁押、监禁或以其他形式被剥夺自由者，被控施用酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的人员不得在这种指控待决期间参与收押、审讯或处理任何被逮捕、羁押、监禁或以其他形式被剥夺自由者；", "14. 强调武装冲突中的酷刑行为严重违反国际人道主义法，因此构成战争罪，而且酷刑行为可构成危害人类罪，一切酷刑行为的施行人都必须受到起诉和惩处；在这方面注意到国际刑事法院根据《罗马规约》³ 作了多方努力，在铭记其补充性原则情况下力求确保对此类行为的施行人进行责任追究并予以惩处，以终止有罪不罚现象；鼓励尚未批准或加入《罗马规约》的国家考虑这样做；", "15. 强烈敦促各国确保不得在任何程序中援引任何经确定系以酷刑取得的供词作为证据，除非用来证明被控施用酷刑者确曾刑讯逼供，鼓励各国将此项禁令扩大适用于通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚而取得的供词，并确认对任何程序中作为证词使用的包括供状在内的供词进行适当确证，是防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的一项保障措施；", "16. 强调指出国家不得惩罚拒不实施或拒不隐瞒构成酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚行为的抗命人员；", "17. 敦促各国在有充分理由相信某人在另一国有遭受酷刑危险的情况下不将此人驱逐、送返(“驱回”)、引渡或以任何其他方式移送至该国，强调指出在这方面订立有效法律和程序保障措施的重要性，并确认各国即使得到外交上的保证，也并不因此而解除其依据国际人权法、人道主义法和难民法特别是不驱回原则所承担的义务；", "18. 回顾为确定是否存在这种理由，主管当局应考虑到一切相关因素，包括在适用情况下考虑到有关国家是否存在一贯严重、公然或大规模侵犯人权的情形；", "19. 吁请《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》¹ 缔约国履行将被控实施酷刑行为者交付起诉或引渡的义务，并鼓励其他国家采取同样的行动，铭记必须消除有罪不罚现象；", "20. 强调指出国家法律制度必须确保酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的受害者获得补救，不因提出申诉或提供证据而遭受任何报复，能诉诸司法，获得公正和适足的补偿，并得到适当的社会、心理、医疗和其他相关专门康复服务；促请各国开办、维持、协助或支持康复中心或设施，使酷刑受害者能在那里得到康复治疗，而且使这些中心能采取有效措施确保其工作人员和病人的安全；", "21. 回顾大会关于保护所有遭受任何形式羁押或监禁的人的原则的1988年12月9日第43/173号决议，在这方面强调指出，确保迅速将任何被逮捕或被羁押者交由法官或其他独立司法官员当面提审，并允许其迅速和定期获得医疗和法律咨询以及允许其家人和独立监察机构探视，是防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的有效措施；", "22. 提醒所有国家注意，长期隔离羁押或秘密羁押会助长酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的实施，其本身也可构成此种待遇中的一种，敦促各国尊重关于人身自由、安全和尊严的保障措施，确保取消秘密的羁押和审讯地点；", "23. 强调羁押条件必须尊重被羁押人的尊严和人权，着重指出，在努力促进尊重和保护被羁押人权利时，必须考虑到这一点，并在这方面注意到在构成酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚情况下实施的隔离禁闭做法受到了关切；", "24. 吁请所有国家采取适当有效的立法、行政、司法和其他措施，防范和禁止生产、买卖、出口、进口和使用仅能实际用于实施酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的器具；", "25. 敦促所有尚未成为《公约》缔约国的国家作为优先事项成为《公约》缔约国，并吁请缔约国尽早考虑签署和批准该公约的《任择议定书》；", "26. 敦促所有尚未采取行动的《公约》缔约国，根据关于国家间来文和个人来文的第21和22条作出声明，考虑是否可能撤回对第20条的保留，并通知秘书长接受第17和18条修正案，以期尽快提高委员会的效力；", "27. 敦促缔约国严格遵守《公约》规定的义务，包括按照《公约》第19条提交报告的义务，因为未及时提交报告者甚多，此外邀请缔约国在向委员会提交报告时纳入两性平等观点以及有关儿童和青少年及残疾人的资料；", "28. 欢迎委员会开展的工作及其依照《公约》第24条提交的报告，[9] 建议委员会继续列入各国落实委员会建议的情况，并支持委员会关于进一步提高其工作方法效力的打算；", "29. 邀请委员会主席和小组委员会主席就各自委员会的工作提出口头报告，并在大会第六十七届会议题为“人权文书的执行情况”的分项下与大会进行互动对话；", "30. 吁请联合国人权事务高级专员依照大会1993年12月20日第48/141号决议规定的任务，继续应各国请求提供咨询服务，协助防范酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，包括协助编写提交委员会的国家报告以及设立和实施国家防范机制，并且为编写、制作和分发用于这一目的的教材提供技术援助；", "31. 赞赏地注意到特别报告员的临时报告，[10] 并鼓励特别报告员继续在其建议中提出如何防范和调查酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，包括其基于性别的表现形式；", "32. 请特别报告员继续考虑在其报告中列入有关资料，说明各国就其建议、访问和函询采取的后续行动，包括所取得的进展和所面临的问题，并说明其他官方接触情况；", "33. 吁请所有国家与特别报告员合作，协助其执行任务，提供特别报告员所要求的一切必要资料，对其紧急呼吁作出充分而迅速的回应和跟进，认真考虑对特别报告员提出的访问要求作出积极回应，并就特别报告员访问的要求及其各项建议的后续落实情况，同其进行建设性对话；", "34. 强调指出委员会、小组委员会、特别报告员及联合国其他相关机制和机构有必要继续定期交流意见，与联合国相关方案尤其是联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案以及酌情与各区域组织和机制及包括非政府组织在内的民间社会组织进行合作，以期通过改进协调等途径，在防范和根除酷刑相关问题上进一步提高效力和加强合作；", "35. 确认需要在全球向酷刑受害者提供国际援助，强调指出联合国援助酷刑受害者自愿基金董事会工作的重要性，呼吁所有国家和组织每年向该基金捐款，最好是大幅增加捐款额，并鼓励向任择议定书所设特别基金捐款，以资助实施小组委员会提出的建议和国家防范机制的教育方案；", "36. 请秘书长继续向所有国家转达大会有关向这些基金捐款的呼吁，并且每年都把这些基金列入由联合国发展活动认捐会议筹款资助的方案；", "37. 又请秘书长向人权理事会和大会第六十七届会议提交关于这些基金运作情况的报告；", "38. 还请秘书长在联合国总体预算框架内，确保向参与防范和制止酷刑以及为酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚的受害者提供援助的机构和机制，特别包括向委员会、小组委员会和特别报告员提供适足的员工和设施，与各会员国对防范和制止酷刑以及协助酷刑受害者的大力支持相配应，以便委员会和特别报告员有能力全面、持久、有效地执行任务，同时充分考虑到其任务的特殊性质；", "39. 吁请所有国家、联合国人权事务高级专员办事处和联合国其他机关和机构以及相关政府间组织和包括非政府组织在内的民间社会组织在6月26日举办活动，纪念联合国支持酷刑受害者国际日；", "40. 决定在大会第六十七届会议上审议秘书长的报告，包括关于联合国援助酷刑受害者自愿基金和任择议定书所设特别基金的报告、禁止酷刑委员会的报告以及酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚问题特别报告员的临时报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1465卷，第24841号。", "[2] 同上，第75卷，第970至973号。", "[3] 同上，第2187卷，第38544号。", "[4] 第61/177号决议，附件。", "[5] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2375卷，第24841号。", "[6] 第55/89号决议，附件。", "[7] 见E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[9] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第44号》(A/66/44)。", "[10] 见A/66/268。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.1)]", "66/150. Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that no one shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,", "Recalling that freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is a non‑derogable right under international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, that must be respected and protected under all circumstances, including in times of international or internal armed conflict or disturbance or any other public emergency, that the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is affirmed in relevant international instruments and that legal and procedural safeguards against such acts must not be subject to measures that would circumvent this right,", "Recalling also that the prohibition of torture is a peremptory norm of international law and that international, regional and domestic courts have held the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment to be customary international law,", "Recalling further the definition of torture contained in article 1 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,[1] without prejudice to any international instrument or national legislation which contains or may contain provisions of wider application,", "Emphasizing the importance of properly interpreting and implementing the obligations of States with respect to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and of abiding strictly by the definition of torture contained in article 1 of the Convention,", "Noting that, under the Geneva Conventions of 1949,[2] torture and inhuman treatment are a grave breach and that, under the statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, the statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,[3] acts of torture can constitute crimes against humanity and, when committed in a situation of armed conflict, constitute war crimes,", "Welcoming the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance,[4] the implementation of which will make a significant contribution to the prevention and prohibition of torture, including by prohibiting secret places of detention, and encouraging all States that have not done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention,", "Commending the persistent efforts of civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and national preventive mechanisms, and the considerable network of centres for the rehabilitation of victims of torture, to prevent and combat torture and to alleviate the suffering of victims of torture,", "Deeply concerned with all acts which can amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment committed against persons exercising their rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of expression in all regions of the world,", "1. Condemns all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including through intimidation, which are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever and can thus never be justified, and calls upon all States to implement fully the absolute and non‑derogable prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "2. Emphasizes that States must take persistent, determined and effective measures to prevent and combat all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, stresses that all acts of torture must be made offences under domestic criminal law, and encourages States to prohibit under domestic law acts constituting cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "3. Welcomes the establishment of national preventive mechanisms to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, urges States to consider establishing, appointing, maintaining or enhancing independent and effective mechanisms with qualified expertise to undertake monitoring visits to places of detention, inter alia with a view to preventing acts of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and calls upon States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment[5] to fulfil their obligation to designate or establish truly independent and effective national preventive mechanisms;", "4. Emphasizes the importance of States ensuring proper follow‑up to the recommendations and conclusions of the relevant treaty bodies and mechanisms, including the Committee against Torture, the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "5. Condemns any action or attempt by States or public officials to legalize, authorize or acquiesce in torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under any circumstances, including on grounds of national security or through judicial decisions, and urges States to ensure accountability of those responsible for all such acts;", "6. Encourages States to consider establishing or maintaining appropriate national processes to record allegations of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "7. Stresses that an independent, competent domestic authority must promptly, effectively and impartially investigate all allegations of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as wherever there is reasonable ground to believe that such an act has been committed, and that those who encourage, order, tolerate or perpetrate such acts must be held responsible, brought to justice and punished in a manner commensurate with the severity of the offence, including the officials in charge of any place of detention, or other place where persons are deprived of their liberty, where the prohibited act is found to have been committed;", "8. Recalls, in this respect, the Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Principles)[6] as a useful tool in efforts to prevent and combat torture and the updated set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity;[7]", "9. Calls upon all States to implement effective measures to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, particularly in places of detention and other places where persons are deprived of their liberty, including legal and procedural safeguards, as well as education and training of personnel who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment;", "10. Urges States, as an important element in preventing and combating torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to ensure that no authority or official orders, applies, permits or tolerates any sanction or other prejudice against any person or organization for having been in contact with any national or international monitoring or preventive body active in the prevention and combating of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "11. Calls upon all States to adopt a gender‑sensitive approach in the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, paying special attention to gender‑based violence;", "12. Calls upon States to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities, bearing in mind the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[8] are fully integrated into torture prevention and protection, and welcomes the efforts of the Special Rapporteur in this regard;", "13. Encourages all States to ensure that persons convicted of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment have no subsequent involvement in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any person under arrest, detention, imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty and that persons charged with torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment have no involvement in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any person under arrest, detention, imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty while such charges are pending;", "14. Emphasizes that acts of torture in armed conflict are serious violations of international humanitarian law and in this regard constitute war crimes, that acts of torture can constitute crimes against humanity and that the perpetrators of all acts of torture must be prosecuted and punished, and in this regard notes the efforts of the International Criminal Court to end impunity by seeking to ensure accountability and punishment of perpetrators of such acts, in accordance with the Rome Statute,³ bearing in mind its principle of complementarity, and encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Rome Statute;", "15. Strongly urges States to ensure that no statement that is established to have been made as a result of torture is invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made, encourages States to extend that prohibition to statements made as a result of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and recognizes that adequate corroboration of statements, including confessions, used as evidence in any proceedings constitutes one safeguard for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "16. Stresses that States must not punish personnel for not obeying orders to commit or conceal acts amounting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "17. Urges States not to expel, return (“refouler”), extradite or in any other way transfer a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture, stresses the importance of effective legal and procedural safeguards in this regard, and recognizes that diplomatic assurances, where used, do not release States from their obligations under international human rights, humanitarian and refugee law, in particular the principle of non‑refoulement;", "18. Recalls that, for the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations, including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights;", "19. Calls upon States parties to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment¹ to fulfil their obligation to submit for prosecution or extradite those alleged to have committed acts of torture, and encourages other States to do likewise, bearing in mind the need to fight impunity;", "20. Stresses that national legal systems must ensure that victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment obtain redress without suffering any retribution for bringing complaints or giving evidence, have access to justice, are awarded fair and adequate compensation and receive appropriate social, psychological, medical and other relevant specialized rehabilitation, and urges States to establish, maintain, facilitate or support rehabilitation centres or facilities where victims of torture can receive such treatment and where effective measures for ensuring the safety of their staff and patients are taken;", "21. Recalls its resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988 on the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, and in this context stresses that ensuring that any individual arrested or detained is promptly brought before a judge or other independent judicial officer in person and permitting prompt and regular medical care and legal counsel as well as visits by family members and independent monitoring mechanisms are effective measures for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "22. Reminds all States that prolonged incommunicado detention or detention in secret places can facilitate the perpetration of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and can in itself constitute a form of such treatment, and urges all States to respect the safeguards concerning the liberty, security and dignity of the person and to ensure that secret places of detention and interrogation are abolished;", "23. Emphasizes that conditions of detention must respect the dignity and human rights of detainees, highlights the importance of reflecting on this in efforts to promote respect for and protection of the rights of detainees, and notes in this regard concerns about solitary confinement when it amounts to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "24. Calls upon all States to take appropriate effective legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures to prevent and prohibit the production, trade, export, import and use of equipment that have no practical use other than for the purpose of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "25. Urges all States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention as a matter of priority, and calls upon States parties to give early consideration to signing and ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention;", "26. Urges all States parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to make the declarations provided for in articles 21 and 22 concerning inter‑State and individual communications, to consider the possibility of withdrawing their reservations to article 20 and to notify the Secretary‑General of their acceptance of the amendments to articles 17 and 18 with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of the Committee as soon as possible;", "27. Urges States parties to comply strictly with their obligations under the Convention, including, in view of the high number of reports not submitted in time, their obligation to submit reports in accordance with article 19 of the Convention, and invites States parties to incorporate a gender perspective and information concerning children and juveniles and persons with disabilities when submitting reports to the Committee;", "28. Welcomes the work of the Committee and its report submitted in accordance with article 24 of the Convention,[9] recommends that the Committee continue to include information on the follow‑up by States to its recommendations, and supports the Committee in its intention to further improve the effectiveness of its working methods;", "29. Invites the Chairs of the Committee and of the Subcommittee to present oral reports on the work of the committees and to engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the sub‑item entitled “Implementation of human rights instruments”;", "30. Calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in conformity with her mandate established by the General Assembly in its resolution 48/141 of 20 December 1993, to continue to provide, at the request of States, advisory services for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including for the preparation of national reports to the Committee and for the establishment and operation of national preventive mechanisms, as well as technical assistance for the development, production and distribution of teaching material for this purpose;", "31. Takes note with appreciation of the interim report of the Special Rapporteur,[10] and encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to include in his recommendations proposals on the prevention and investigation of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including its gender‑based manifestations;", "32. Requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to consider including in his report information on the follow‑up by States to his recommendations, visits and communications, including progress made and problems encountered, and on other official contacts;", "33. Calls upon all States to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in the performance of his task, to supply all necessary information requested by the Special Rapporteur, to fully and expeditiously respond to and follow up on his urgent appeals, to give serious consideration to responding favourably to requests by the Special Rapporteur to visit their countries and to enter into a constructive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on requested visits to their countries as well as with respect to the follow‑up to his recommendations;", "34. Stresses the need for the continued regular exchange of views among the Committee, the Subcommittee, the Special Rapporteur and other relevant United Nations mechanisms and bodies, as well as for the pursuance of cooperation with relevant United Nations programmes, notably the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, with regional organizations and mechanisms, as appropriate, and with civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations, with a view to enhancing further their effectiveness and cooperation on issues relating to the prevention and eradication of torture, inter alia, by improving their coordination;", "35. Recognizes the global need for international assistance to victims of torture, stresses the importance of the work of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, appeals to all States and organizations to contribute annually to the Fund, preferably with a substantial increase in the level of contributions, and encourages contributions to the Special Fund established by the Optional Protocol to help finance the implementation of the recommendations made by the Subcommittee as well as education programmes of the national preventive mechanisms;", "36. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to transmit to all States the appeals of the General Assembly for contributions to the Funds and to include the Funds on an annual basis among the programmes for which funds are pledged at the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities;", "37. Also requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the Human Rights Council and to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the operations of the Funds;", "38. Further requests the Secretary‑General to ensure, within the overall budgetary framework of the United Nations, the provision of adequate staff and facilities for the bodies and mechanisms involved in preventing and combating torture and assisting victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including, in particular, the Committee, the Subcommittee and the Special Rapporteur, commensurate with the strong support expressed by Member States for preventing and combating torture and assisting victims of torture, in order to enable them to discharge their mandates in a comprehensive, sustained and effective manner and taking fully into account the specific nature of their mandates;", "39. Calls upon all States, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as relevant intergovernmental and civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations, to commemorate, on 26 June, the United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture;", "40. Decides to consider at its sixty‑seventh session the reports of the Secretary‑General, including the report on the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture and the Special Fund established by the Optional Protocol, the report of the Committee against Torture and the interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970–973.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2187, No. 38544.", "[4]  Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[5]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841.", "[6]  Resolution 55/89, annex.", "[7]  See E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[9]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 44 (A/66/44).", "[10]  See A/66/268." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.1)]", "Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that no one shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,", "Recalling that freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is a right under international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and that this right must be respected and protected in all circumstances, including during international or domestic armed conflict or unrest or any other public emergency, and that all relevant international instruments affirm absolute prohibition against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and punishment and that legal and procedural safeguards against such acts must not be subject to measures that circumvent the right,", "Recalling also that the prohibition of torture is a mandatory norm of international law and that both international, regional and national courts have found that the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is customary international law,", "Recalling further the definition of torture contained in article 1 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, without prejudice to any international instruments or national legislation which may contain a broader scope of application,", "Emphasizing the importance of correct interpretation and fulfilment of national obligations relating to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and strict compliance with the definition of torture contained in article 1 of the Convention,", "Taking note of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 [2] that torture and inhuman treatment are a grave violation of the Convention, and noting that the statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 and the provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court [3] that acts of torture may constitute crimes against humanity and that acts of torture committed in situations of armed conflict may constitute war crimes,", "Welcoming the formal entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance [4], which will contribute significantly to the prevention and prohibition of torture, including the prohibition of the establishment of secret places of detention, and encouraging all States that have not yet done so to consider doing so,", "Commending the tireless efforts of civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and national preventive mechanisms, as well as the vast network of rehabilitation centres for victims of torture, to prevent and combat torture and to alleviate the suffering of victims of torture,", "Deeply concerned at all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment committed by all regions of the world against the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly and expression,", "Condemns all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including intimidation, whichevereverever should be prohibited, justifying and calls upon all States to fully, absolutely and without derogation from the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Emphasizes that States must take sustained, determined and effective measures to prevent and combat all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, stresses that domestic criminal law must criminalize all acts of torture and encourage States to prohibit acts constituting cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in domestic law;", "Welcomes the establishment by States of preventive mechanisms to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and urges States to consider establishing, appointing, maintaining or strengthening independent and effective mechanisms with qualified expertise in order to conduct visits to places of detention, thereby, inter alia, preventing torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and calls upon States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to fulfil their obligations, to designate or establish truly independent and effective national preventive mechanisms;", "Emphasizes that States must ensure that the recommendations and conclusions of relevant treaty bodies and mechanisms are properly implemented, including the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee against Torture, the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of the Human Rights Council;", "Condemns the fact that States or public officials engage in or attempt to legalize torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment on the basis of national security or through judicial decisions, and urges Member States to ensure accountability for all those responsible for such acts;", "Encourages States to consider establishing or maintaining appropriate national procedures to record allegations of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Emphasizes that all allegations of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and, where there is reasonable belief that such acts have occurred, must be promptly, effectively and impartially investigated by independent domestic authorities to encourage, order, tolerate or commit such actors, including those responsible for the location of detention or other places of deprivation of liberty, which have been confirmed, must be held accountable, transferred to justice and punished with serious crimes;", "Recalling in this regard the Principles for the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (arts. The Istanbul Principles [6] are a useful tool for efforts to prevent and combat torture and have been updated through actions to combat impunity in order to protect and promote human rights;", "Calls upon all States to implement effective measures to prevent acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in particular in places of detention and other places of deprivation of liberty, including education and training in persons responsible for the collection, interrogation or treatment of persons arrested, detained or imprisoned in any form;", "Urges States, as an important element in the prevention and combating of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to ensure that any competent authority or official is not ordered, applied, granted or tolerated by any person or organization to engage in any State or international monitoring or criminal acts against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Calls upon all States to adopt gender-sensitive approaches to combating torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, with particular attention to gender violence;", "Calls upon States, bearing in mind the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are fully integrated into the prevention of torture and protection, and welcomes the efforts of the Special Rapporteur in this regard;", "Encourages all States to ensure that persons convicted of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment may not be involved in the receipt, interrogation or treatment of any person arrested, detained, imprisoned or otherwise deprived of their liberty, and that persons accused of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment shall not be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any persons deprived of their liberty during such charges;", "Emphasizes that acts of torture in armed conflict constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law and that acts of torture may constitute crimes against humanity and that all perpetrators of torture must be prosecuted and punished; and, in this regard, notes the efforts of the International Criminal Court to ensure accountability and punishment of perpetrators of such acts, in keeping with its complementary principles; and encourages States that have not yet done so to consider doing so;", "Strongly urges States to ensure that any confessions identified as torture in any procedure are not invoked as evidence, unless it is used to prove that the torturer has confirmed the confessions obtained through cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, encourages States to extend the prohibition to those obtained through cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and recognizes that appropriate evidence of confessions used as testimony in any proceedings is a safeguard against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Stresses that States must not punish those who do not commit or refuse to conceal acts of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Urges States to refrain from expelling, returning (“refoulement”), extradition or any other manner from being transferred to the State where there is sufficient grounds for believing that a person is at risk of being subjected to torture in another State, stresses the importance of effective legal and procedural safeguards in this regard, and recognizes that States, even if they are granted diplomatic assurances, do not therefore lift their obligations under international human rights law, humanitarian law and refugee law, in particular the principle of non-refoulement;", "Recalls that, in order to determine the existence of such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations, including, where applicable, the existence of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights by the State concerned;", "Calls upon the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment1 States parties fulfil their obligation to prosecute or extradite persons accused of torture, and encourage other States to take the same action, bearing in mind the need to combat impunity;", "Stresses the need for national legal systems to ensure that victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment receive redress without any reprisals for complaints or the provision of evidence, access to justice, fair and adequate compensation, and appropriate social, psychological, medical and other related specialized rehabilitation services; urges States to establish, maintain, assist or support rehabilitation centres or facilities to enable victims of torture to be treated for rehabilitation and to enable them to take effective measures to ensure the safety of their staff and patients;", "Recalls General Assembly resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988 on the protection of all persons subject to any form of detention or imprisonment, and stresses in this regard that ensuring that any person arrested or detained is promptly brought before a judge or other independent judicial officer and allows him to promptly and regularly receive medical and legal advice, as well as to allow his family and independent inspection bodies to visit, is an effective measure to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Reminds all States that prolonged detention or secret detention can contribute to the implementation of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and that it may in itself constitute a form of such treatment, and urges States to respect safeguards relating to the freedom, security and dignity of the person and to ensure the removal of secret places of detention and interrogation;", "Emphasizes that conditions of detention must respect the human dignity and human rights of detainees, stresses that this must be taken into account in efforts to promote respect for and protection of the rights of detainees, and, in this regard, notes the concerns expressed about the practice of incommunicado detention in cases of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Calls upon all States to adopt appropriate and effective legislation, administration, justice and other measures to prevent and prohibit the production, sale, export, import and use of devices that are used only for the implementation of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "Urges all States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention as a matter of priority, and calls upon States parties to consider signing and ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention as soon as possible;", "Urges all States parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to make declarations under articles 21 and 22 on communications and individual communications between States, to consider the possibility of withdrawing their reservations to article 20, and to inform the Secretary-General of acceptance of amendments to articles 17 and 18 with a view to improving the effectiveness of the Committee as soon as possible;", "Urges the State party to strictly comply with its obligations under the Convention, including its reporting obligations under article 19 of the Convention, as the number of persons who have not submitted reports in a timely manner, and invites the State party to incorporate a gender perspective and information on children and adolescents and persons with disabilities in its reports to the Committee;", "Welcomes the work carried out by the Committee and its report submitted pursuant to article 24 of the Convention, [9] recommends that the Committee continue to include in the implementation of the Committee's recommendations and support its intention to further enhance its effectiveness in its working methods;", "Invites the Chairman of the Committee and the Chairperson of the Subcommittee to present an oral report on the work of their respective committees and to hold an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly under the sub-item entitled “Implementation of human rights instruments”;", "Calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with the mandate established by the General Assembly in its resolution 48/141 of 20 December 1993, to continue to provide advisory services, upon request, to assist States in the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including assistance in the preparation of national reports to the Committee and the establishment and implementation of national preventive mechanisms, and to provide technical assistance for the preparation, production and distribution of materials for this purpose;", "Notes with appreciation the interim report of the Special Rapporteur, [10] and encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to propose in his recommendations ways to prevent and investigate torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including their gender-based manifestations;", "Requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to consider including, in his report, information on follow-up by States to their recommendations, visits and requests, including progress made and problems encountered, and to clarify other official contacts;", "Calls upon all States, in cooperation with the Special Rapporteur, to assist him in the implementation of his mandate, to provide all necessary information requested by the Special Rapporteur, to respond fully and expeditiously to his urgent appeals, to give serious consideration to responding favourably to the requests for visits made by the Special Rapporteur and to engage in a constructive dialogue with him on the follow-up to the Special Rapporteur's visit and its recommendations;", "Stresses the need for the Committee, the Subcommittee, the Special Rapporteur and other relevant United Nations mechanisms and agencies to continue to exchange views regularly and cooperate with relevant United Nations programmes, in particular the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, as appropriate, regional organizations and mechanisms and civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations, with a view to further enhancing effectiveness and cooperation in the prevention and eradication of torture-related issues, including through improved coordination;", "Recognizes the need for international assistance to victims of torture globally, stresses the importance of the work of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture and calls upon all States and organizations to contribute annually to the Fund, preferably through a significant increase in contributions, and encourages contributions to the special fund established by the Optional Protocol to finance the implementation of the recommendations of the Subcommittee and the education programmes of the national preventive mechanisms;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to convey to all States the appeal of the General Assembly for contributions to these funds and to include them annually in the fund-raising programme funded by the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the operation of these funds;", "Further requests the Secretary-General, within the framework of the overall budget of the United Nations, to ensure that institutions and mechanisms that are involved in the prevention and suppression of torture and assistance to victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including, inter alia, the provision of adequate staff and facilities to the Committee, the Subcommittee and the Special Rapporteur, commensurate with the strong support of Member States for the prevention and suppression of torture and assistance to victims of torture, in order to enable the Commission and the Special Rapporteur to be able to carry out their mandates in a comprehensive, lasting and effective manner, taking fully into account the specific nature of his mandate;", "Calls upon all States, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as relevant intergovernmental organizations and civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations, to commemorate the United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture on 26 June;", "Decides to consider at its sixty-seventh session the report of the Secretary-General, including the report of the Special Fund for the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture and the Optional Protocol thereto, the report of the Committee against Torture and the interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2187, No. 38544.", "[4] Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841.", "[6] Resolution 55/89, annex.", "[7] See E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 44 (A/66/44).", "[10] See A/66/268." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/151. 所有人权和基本自由具有普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的性质", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》列明的宗旨和原则，包括发展国际间以尊重人民平等权利和自决原则为基础的友好关系，以及促成国际合作以解决属于经济、社会、文化或人道主义性质的国际问题，并促进和鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，", "确认和平与安全、发展和人权是联合国系统的柱石，是集体安全和福祉的基础，并认识到发展、和平与安全和人权相互关联，相辅相成，", "重申《世界人权宣言》[1] 和《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[2] 并回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[3] 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》³ 及其他人权文书，", "确认按照《世界人权宣言》，只有创造条件，使人人得以享受经济、社会和文化权利以及公民和政治权利，才能实现自由人类享受公民和政治自由并免于恐惧和匮乏这一理想，", "回顾《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》重申《发展权利宣言》[4] 中确立的发展权是一项不可剥夺的普世权利，也是基本人权的构成部分，而且个人是发展的中心主体；确认虽然发展能促进各项人权的享受，但不能以缺乏发展为由削减国际公认的人权，", "又回顾人权理事会的工作应以普遍性、公正性、客观性和非选择性、建设性国际对话与合作等原则为指导，以期进一步促进和保护所有人权、公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利，包括发展权，", "认识到国际社会作了种种努力以确保所有人权和基本自由具有普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的性质并受到平等、公正对待，同时确认在人权领域强化此方面国际合作所起到的重要作用，", "1. 重申所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的，必须以公正和平等的态度，在同等基础上，以同样的重视程度，对待所有人权、公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利；", "2. 回顾在此方面必须确保人权问题的审议工作具有普遍性、客观性和非选择性；", "3. 强调指出民主、发展及尊重所有人权和基本自由是相互依存、相辅相成的；", "4. 确认国家和国际各级的善治和法治对于持续经济增长、可持续发展和消除贫穷和饥饿至关重要；", "5. 强调指出大范围存在的极端贫穷妨碍充分和切实享受人权，重申各国应采取措施，扫除由于不尊重公民和政治权利以及经济、社会和文化权利而产生的阻碍发展的障碍；", "6. 鼓励各国在把促进和保护所有人权的工作纳入相关国家政策以及在促进人权领域国际合作时，考虑到所有人权都具有普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的性质，同时回顾各国对于促进和保护人权负有首要责任；", "7. 鼓励联合国系统在把人权工作纳入各项活动主流的时候，继续加强努力，以考虑到所有人权都具有普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的性质，促成所有人权和基本自由得到充分享受、普遍尊重及遵守；", "8. 确认所有利益攸关方，包括民间社会，都在促进所有人权的普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成性质方面作了积极贡献；鼓励它们酌情在各自活动中继续开展这方面的努力；", "9. 鼓励联合国人权事务高级专员、条约机构、人权理事会特别程序和其他任务执行人继续加强努力，在履行各自任务时考虑到所有人权都具有普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的性质；", "10. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交报告，说明本决议的执行情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[3] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[4] 第41/128号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/151. The universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights and fundamental freedoms", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations, including developing friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self‑determination of peoples and achieving international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Acknowledging that peace and security, development and human rights are the pillars of the United Nations system and the foundations for collective security and well‑being, and recognizing that development, peace and security and human rights are interlinked and mutually reinforcing,", "Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[1] and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,[2] and recalling the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[3] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights³ and other human rights instruments,", "Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can be achieved only if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy her or his civil and political rights as well as her or his economic, social and cultural rights,", "Recalling that the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action reaffirmed the right to development, as established in the Declaration on the Right to Development,[4] as a universal and inalienable right and an integral part of fundamental human rights, and the human person as the central subject of development, and recognizing that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights,", "Recalling also that the work of the Human Rights Council is to be guided by the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity and non‑selectivity, constructive international dialogue and cooperation, with a view to enhancing the promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development,", "Recognizing the efforts of the international community to ensure the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of, and to give equal and fair treatment to, all human rights and fundamental freedoms, while acknowledging the important role played by enhanced international cooperation in the field of human rights in this regard,", "1. Reaffirms that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing and that all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights must be treated in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis;", "2. Recalls, in this regard, the importance of ensuring the universality, objectivity and non‑selectivity of the consideration of human rights issues;", "3. Stresses that democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing;", "4. Acknowledges that good governance and the rule of law at the national and international levels are essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger;", "5. Stresses that the existence of widespread extreme poverty inhibits the full and effective enjoyment of human rights, and reaffirms that States should take steps to eliminate obstacles to development resulting from failure to observe civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural rights;", "6. Encourages States to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights when integrating the promotion and protection of all human rights into relevant national policies and when promoting international cooperation in the field of human rights, while recalling that the primary responsibility for promoting and protecting human rights rests with the State;", "7. Encourages the United Nations system to continue to improve its efforts to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights when mainstreaming human rights into its activities, with a view to contributing to the full enjoyment of, universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "8. Recognizes the positive contribution of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society, to promoting the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights, and encourages the continuation of efforts in this regard, as appropriate to their activities;", "9. Encourages the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, treaty bodies, special procedures of the Human Rights Council and other mandate holders to continue to improve their efforts to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights in the fulfilment of their mandates;", "10. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4]  Resolution 41/128, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the development of friendly relations between the international community based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and the promotion of international cooperation to address international issues of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Recognizing that peace and security, development and human rights are the cornerstone of the United Nations system and are the basis for collective security and well-being, and recognizing that development, peace and security are interlinked and mutually reinforcing,", "Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2] and recalling the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, [3] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights3 and other human rights instruments,", "Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human enjoyment of civil and political freedoms and freedom from fear and deprivation can be achieved only by creating conditions for all to enjoy economic, social and cultural rights, as well as civil and political rights,", "Recalling that the Declaration on the Right to Development, established in its Declaration on the Right to Development [4], is an inalienable universal right and an integral part of fundamental human rights, and that individuals are the central subject of development, and recognizing that while development promotes the enjoyment of human rights, it is not possible to reduce internationally recognized human rights on the basis of development,", "Recalling also that the work of the Human Rights Council should be guided by the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity, constructive international dialogue and cooperation with a view to further promoting and protecting all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development,", "Recognizing the efforts of the international community to ensure that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing and are treated equally and impartially, and recognizing the important role played by international cooperation in this regard in the field of human rights,", "Reaffirms that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing and must be treated with all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights on the basis of a just and equitable approach;", "Recalls in this regard the importance of ensuring universal, objective and non-selectivity in the consideration of human rights issues;", "Stresses that democracy, development and respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing;", "Acknowledges that good governance and the rule of law at the national and international levels are essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and poverty eradication and hunger;", "Stresses that extreme poverty in scope hinders the full and effective enjoyment of human rights, and reiterates that States should take measures to remove obstacles to development arising from the non-respect for civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights;", "Encourages States to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights in integrating the promotion and protection of all human rights into account in their national policies and in international cooperation in the field of human rights, while recalling the primary responsibility of States for the promotion and protection of human rights;", "Encourages the United Nations system to continue to strengthen its efforts, when mainstreaming human rights into its activities, to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights and to promote full enjoyment, universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "Acknowledges the active contribution of all stakeholders, including civil society, in promoting the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights, and encourages them to continue their efforts in this regard, as appropriate, in their respective activities;", "Encourages the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, treaty bodies, special procedures of the Human Rights Council and other mandate holders to continue their efforts to take into account the universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing nature of all human rights in the fulfilment of their respective mandates;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[3] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[4] Resolution 41/128, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/152. 加强人权领域的国际合作", "大会，", "重申决心按照《联合国宪章》，特别是第一条第三项，以及世界人权会议1993年6月25日通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》[1] 的相关规定，促进国际合作，以加强各会员国之间在人权领域的真诚合作，", "回顾大会2000年9月8日通过的《联合国千年宣言》[2] 以及关于加强人权领域国际合作的大会2009年12月18日第64/171号决议、人权理事会2011年3月25日第16/22号决议[3] 和人权委员会相关决议，", "又回顾2001年8月31日至9月8日在南非德班召开的反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议、2009年4月20日至24日在日内瓦举行的德班审查会议和纪念《德班宣言和行动纲领》通过十周年大会高级别会议政治宣言[4] 以及这些会议在加强人权领域国际合作方面发挥的作用，", "认识到必须加强人权领域的国际合作，以充分实现联合国的宗旨，包括切实促进和保护所有人权，", "又认识到促进和保护人权应依据合作和真诚对话的原则，目的应是加强会员国为维护所有人利益而遵守其人权义务的能力，", "重申不同宗教、文化和文明之间在人权领域的对话可大力促进加强这个领域的国际合作，", "强调需要通过国际合作等途径，在促进和鼓励尊重人权及基本自由方面取得进一步进展，", "着重指出相互理解、对话、合作、透明度和建立信任，是所有促进和保护人权活动的重要内容，", "回顾促进和保护人权小组委员会第五十二届会议于2000年8月18日通过了关于促进人权问题对话的第2000/22号决议，[5]", "1. 重申通过国际合作等途径促进、保护和鼓励尊重人权和基本自由是联合国的宗旨之一，也是所有会员国的责任；", "2. 确认各国除对本国社会单独承担责任之外，还担负在全球一级维护人类尊严、平等和公平原则的共同责任；", "3. 重申不同文化和文明之间的对话有利于增进宽容和尊重多样性的文化，在这方面欢迎举行关于不同文明之间对话的国家、区域和国际会议；", "4. 敦促国际舞台上所有行为体建立一个以包容、正义、平等和公平、人类尊严、相互理解、促进和尊重文化多样性及普遍人权为基础的国际秩序，摒弃一切基于种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的排他理论；", "5. 重申必须加强国际合作，以促进和保护人权，实现与种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理及相关不容忍行为作斗争的各项目标；", "6. 认为按照《联合国宪章》所载宗旨和原则及国际法，在人权领域进行国际合作，应可对防止侵犯人权和基本自由这一紧迫任务作出切实有效的贡献；", "7. 重申在促进、保护和充分落实所有人权和基本自由过程中，应遵循普遍性、非选择性、客观及透明的原则，并与《宪章》所载宗旨和原则相一致；", "8. 强调国际合作在支持国家努力方面的作用，通过增进会员国与人权机制的合作等途径，包括应请求并按照相关国家确定的优先事项提供技术援助，提高会员国在人权领域的能力；", "9. 吁请会员国、专门机构和政府间组织继续进行建设性对话和协商，以增进理解，促进和保护所有人权和基本自由，并鼓励非政府组织对此项工作作出积极贡献；", "10. 邀请各国和联合国相关人权机制和程序继续注意互相合作、理解和对话对于确保促进和保护所有人权的重要性；", "11. 请秘书长与联合国人权事务高级专员合作，就增进包括人权理事会在内的联合国人权机制内开展国际合作与对话的途径和方法以及关于各种障碍与挑战及克服这些障碍与挑战的可能提议，与各国及政府间组织和非政府组织进行协商；", "12. 决定在大会第六十七届会议上继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[4] 见第66/3号决议。", "[5] 见E/CN.4/2001/2-E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/46，第二章，A节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/152. Enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its commitment to promoting international cooperation, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, in particular Article 1, paragraph 3, as well as relevant provisions of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993[1] for enhancing genuine cooperation among Member States in the field of human rights,", "Recalling its adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration on 8 September 2000[2] and of its resolution 64/171 of 18 December 2009, Human Rights Council resolution 16/22 of 25 March 2011[3] and the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights,", "Recalling also the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held at Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, the Durban Review Conference, held at Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009, and the political declaration of the high‑level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,[4] and their role in the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights,", "Recognizing that the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights is essential for the full achievement of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights,", "Recognizing also that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principle of cooperation and genuine dialogue and aimed at strengthening the capacity of Member States to comply with their human rights obligations for the benefit of all human beings,", "Reaffirming that dialogue among religions, cultures and civilizations in the field of human rights could contribute greatly to the enhancement of international cooperation in this field,", "Emphasizing the need for further progress in the promotion and encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through, inter alia, international cooperation,", "Underlining the fact that mutual understanding, dialogue, cooperation, transparency and confidence‑building are important elements in all activities for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling the adoption of resolution 2000/22 of 18 August 2000, on the promotion of dialogue on human rights issues, by the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights at its fifty‑second session,[5]", "1. Reaffirms that it is one of the purposes of the United Nations and the responsibility of all Member States to promote, protect and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through, inter alia, international cooperation;", "2. Recognizes that, in addition to their separate responsibilities to their individual societies, States have a collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level;", "3. Reaffirms that dialogue among cultures and civilizations facilitates the promotion of a culture of tolerance and respect for diversity, and welcomes in this regard the holding of conferences and meetings at the national, regional and international levels on dialogue among civilizations;", "4. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "5. Reaffirms the importance of the enhancement of international cooperation for the promotion and protection of human rights and for the achievement of the objectives of the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "6. Considers that international cooperation in the field of human rights, in conformity with the purposes and principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, should make an effective and practical contribution to the urgent task of preventing violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "7. Reaffirms that the promotion, protection and full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms should be guided by the principles of universality, non‑selectivity, objectivity and transparency, in a manner consistent with the purposes and principles set out in the Charter;", "8. Emphasizes the role of international cooperation in support of national efforts and in increasing the capacities of Member States in the field of human rights through, inter alia, the enhancement of their cooperation with human rights mechanisms, including through the provision of technical assistance, upon the request of and in accordance with the priorities set by the States concerned;", "9. Calls upon Member States, the specialized agencies and intergovernmental organizations to continue to carry out a constructive dialogue and consultations for the enhancement of understanding and the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and encourages non‑governmental organizations to contribute actively to this endeavour;", "10. Invites States and relevant United Nations human rights mechanisms and procedures to continue to pay attention to the importance of mutual cooperation, understanding and dialogue in ensuring the promotion and protection of all human rights;", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General, in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to consult States and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations on ways and means, as well as obstacles and challenges and possible proposals to overcome them, for the enhancement of international cooperation and dialogue in the United Nations human rights machinery, including the Human Rights Council;", "12. Decides to continue its consideration of the question at its sixty‑seventh session.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[4]  See resolution 66/3.", "[5]  See E/CN.4/2001/2‑E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/46, chap. II, sect. A." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Enhanced international cooperation in the field of human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its determination to promote international cooperation, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, in particular Article 1, paragraph 3, and the relevant provisions of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in order to strengthen genuine cooperation among Member States in the field of human rights,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted on 8 September 2000, [2] and General Assembly resolution 64/1 of 18 December 2009 on strengthening international cooperation in the field of human rights, Human Rights Council resolution 16/22 of 25 March 2011 [3] and relevant resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights,", "Recalling also the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, the Durban Review Conference, held in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009, and the Political Declaration of the High-level Conference to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and the role played by those conferences in strengthening international cooperation in the field of human rights,", "Recognizing the importance of strengthening international cooperation in the field of human rights in order to achieve the full realization of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights,", "Recognizing also that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principles of cooperation and genuine dialogue, with the aim of strengthening the capacity of Member States to comply with their human rights obligations in the interests of all,", "Reaffirming that dialogue among different religions, cultures and civilizations can contribute significantly to strengthening international cooperation in this field,", "Emphasizing the need for further progress in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including through international cooperation,", "Stressing that mutual understanding, dialogue, cooperation, transparency and confidence-building are important elements of all activities for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling resolution 2000/22 of 18 August 2000 on the promotion of dialogue on human rights, adopted by the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights at its fifty-second session,", "Reaffirms that promoting, protecting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through, inter alia, international cooperation is one of the purposes of the United Nations and the responsibility of all Member States;", "Recognizes that States, in addition to their separate responsibilities for their societies, have a shared responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level;", "Reaffirms the culture of dialogue between cultures and civilizations that foster tolerance and respect for diversity, and in this regard welcomes the holding of national, regional and international meetings on dialogue among civilizations;", "Urges all actors on the international scene to establish an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding, promotion and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Reaffirms the importance of strengthening international cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights and in achieving the objectives of the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Considers that international cooperation in the field of human rights, in accordance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, should contribute effectively to the urgent task of preventing violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "Reaffirms that, in promoting, protecting and fully implementing all human rights and fundamental freedoms, the principles of universality, non-selectivity, objectivity and transparency should be guided by and consistent with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter;", "Emphasizes the role of international cooperation in supporting national efforts by enhancing the capacity of Member States in the field of human rights by, inter alia, enhancing cooperation between Member States and human rights mechanisms, including by providing technical assistance, upon request and in accordance with the priorities established by the States concerned;", "Calls upon Member States, specialized agencies and intergovernmental organizations to continue their constructive dialogue and consultations in order to promote understanding, promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and encourages non-governmental organizations to contribute actively to this work;", "Invites States and relevant United Nations human rights mechanisms and procedures to continue to pay attention to the importance of mutual cooperation, understanding and dialogue in ensuring the promotion and protection of all human rights;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to consult States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations on possible proposals to enhance international cooperation and dialogue within United Nations human rights mechanisms, including the Human Rights Council, and on obstacles and challenges and overcome them;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this question at its sixty-seventh session.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[4] See resolution 66/3.", "[5] See E/CN.4/2001/2-E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/46, chap. II, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/153. 促进人权条约机构成员名额的公平地域分配", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于这一问题的各项决议，", "重申联合国各项人权文书得到普遍批准这一目标的重要性，", "欢迎批准联合国各项人权文书的国家数目大幅增多，尤其有助于使人权文书具备普遍性，", "重申联合国人权文书所设条约机构的有效运作对充分有效执行这些文书的重要性，", "回顾在人权条约机构成员的选举问题上，大会和前人权委员会已确认，这些机构的成员构成必须顾及公平地域分配和性别均衡以及各主要法系的代表性，而且必须铭记，各成员应当以个人身份当选和任职，品格高尚，具有公正无私声誉和人权领域公认能力，", "重申各国和各地区情况不一，历史、文化和宗教背景各异，政治、经济和法律制度也各不相同，这些都有着重要意义，", "确认联合国实行多种语文政策，以此促进、保护和保全全球语言和文化的多样性，并确认真正使用多种语文有助于求同存异和国际谅解，", "回顾大会和前人权委员会鼓励联合国人权条约缔约国个别地以及通过缔约国会议，考虑如何除其他外更有效地落实条约机构成员名额公平地域分配原则，", "表示关切有些人权条约机构的目前成员构成存在区域不平衡，", "重申必须加大努力消除此种不平衡，", "尤其注意到当前的状况往往对选举某些区域集团尤其是非洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比以及东欧集团的专家不利，", "深信人权条约机构成员名额公平地域分配目标同确保这些机构性别均衡和各主要法系代表性以及确保成员品格高尚、具有公正无私声誉和人权领域公认能力的要求完全相符，并且可在符合这一要求的情况下全面实现和达到，", "1. 重申联合国人权文书缔约国在提名人权条约机构成员人选时，应考虑到这些委员会将由品格高尚、具有人权领域公认能力的人士组成，同时也考虑到应当让一些具有法律经验的人士参与，妇女与男子应享有平等代表权，而且其成员应以个人身份任职，此外还重申，在人权条约机构选举中，应考虑到成员的公平地域分配以及不同形式文明和主要法系的代表性；", "2. 鼓励联合国人权文书缔约国考虑并采取具体行动，包括在可能情况下为选举条约机构成员建立按地理区域分配名额的制度，以确保实现这些人权机构成员构成反映公平地域分配的首要目标；", "3. 敦促联合国人权文书缔约国，包括主席团成员，将此事项列入这些文书所有各类缔约国会议的议程，以便根据人权委员会和经济及社会理事会以往的建议和本决议的规定，促成就如何确保人权条约机构成员公平地域分配的问题展开辩论；", "4. 建议在审议是否可能为每一条约机构的成员选举规定区域配额时，采用灵活的程序，其中应包括以下标准：", "(a) 应为大会所设五个区域集团规定各自在各条约机构中的成员配额，此配额应相当于各区域集团在有关文书缔约国总数中所占比例；", "(b) 必须规定进行定期修订，以反映缔约国地域分配方面的相对变化；", "(c) 应预先规定自动定期修订，以避免在修订配额时对文书条文进行修改；", "5. 强调指出实现人权条约机构成员构成反映公平地域分配目标所需的过程有助于提高对性别均衡重要性的认识，增加各主要法系的代表性以及促进条约机构成员应当以个人身份当选和任职，品格高尚，具有公正无私声誉和人权领域公认能力的原则；", "6. 请各人权条约机构主席在各自机构下次会议上审议本决议内容，并通过联合国人权事务高级专员提交实现人权条约机构成员名额公平地域分配目标方面的具体建议以及各自机构执行本决议的最新情况；", "7. 请高级专员提出有关执行本决议的具体建议，并请秘书长就此提出一份全面报告，二者俱提交大会第六十八届会议；", "8. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/153. Promotion of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of the human rights treaty bodies", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on this question,", "Reaffirming the importance of the goal of universal ratification of the United Nations human rights instruments,", "Welcoming the significant increase in the number of ratifications of United Nations human rights instruments, which has especially contributed to their universality,", "Reiterating the importance of the effective functioning of treaty bodies established pursuant to United Nations human rights instruments for the full and effective implementation of those instruments,", "Recalling that, with regard to the election of the members of the human rights treaty bodies, the General Assembly as well as the former Commission on Human Rights recognized the importance of giving consideration in their membership to equitable geographical distribution, gender balance and representation of the principal legal systems and of bearing in mind that the members shall be elected and shall serve in their personal capacity, and shall be of high moral character, acknowledged impartiality and recognized competence in the field of human rights,", "Reaffirming the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, as well as of different political, economic and legal systems,", "Recognizing that the United Nations pursues multilingualism as a means of promoting, protecting and preserving diversity of languages and cultures globally and that genuine multilingualism promotes unity in diversity and international understanding,", "Recalling that the General Assembly as well as the former Commission on Human Rights encouraged States parties to United Nations human rights treaties, individually and through meetings of States parties, to consider how to give better effect, inter alia, to the principle of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of treaty bodies,", "Expressing concern at the regional imbalance in the current composition of the membership of some of the human rights treaty bodies,", "Reaffirming the importance of increasing efforts to address that imbalance,", "Noting in particular that the status quo tends to be detrimental to the election of experts from some regional groups, in particular the African, Asian, Latin American and Caribbean and Eastern European groups,", "Convinced that the goal of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of human rights treaty bodies is perfectly compatible and can be fully realized and achieved in harmony with the need to ensure gender balance and the representation of the principal legal systems in those bodies and the high moral character, acknowledged impartiality and recognized competence in the field of human rights of their members,", "1. Reiterates that the States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments should take into account, in their nomination of members to the human rights treaty bodies, that these committees shall be composed of persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights, consideration being given to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience, and to equal representation of women and men, and that members shall serve in their personal capacity, and also reiterates that, in the elections to the human rights treaty bodies, consideration shall be given to equitable geographical distribution of membership and to the representation of the different forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems;", "2. Encourages the States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments to consider and adopt concrete actions, inter alia, the possible establishment of quota distribution systems by geographical region for the election of the members of the treaty bodies, thereby ensuring the paramount objective of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of those human rights bodies;", "3. Urges the States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments, including the bureau members, to include this matter in the agenda of each meeting and/or Conference of States Parties to those instruments in order to initiate a debate on ways and means to ensure equitable geographical distribution in the membership of the human rights treaty bodies, based on previous recommendations of the Commission on Human Rights and the Economic and Social Council and the provisions of the present resolution;", "4. Recommends, when considering the possible establishment of a quota by region for the election of the membership of each treaty body, the introduction of flexible procedures that encompass the following criteria:", "(a) Each of the five regional groups established by the General Assembly must be assigned a quota of the membership of each treaty body in equivalent proportion to the number of States parties to the instrument that it represents;", "(b) There must be provision for periodic revisions that reflect the relative changes in the geographical distribution of States parties;", "(c) Automatic periodic revisions should be envisaged in order to avoid amending the text of the instrument when the quotas are revised;", "5. Stresses that the process needed to achieve the goal of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of human rights treaty bodies can contribute to raising awareness of the importance of gender balance, the representation of the principal legal systems and the principle that the members of the treaty bodies shall be elected and shall serve in their personal capacity, and shall be of high moral character, acknowledged impartiality and recognized competence in the field of human rights;", "6. Requests the Chairs of the human rights treaty bodies to consider at their next meeting the content of the present resolution and to submit, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, specific recommendations for the achievement of the goal of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of the human rights treaty bodies, as well as an update on the implementation of the present resolution in their respective bodies;", "7. Requests the High Commissioner to submit concrete recommendations on the implementation of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary‑General to submit a comprehensive report in this regard, to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session;", "8. Decides to continue its consideration of the question at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Promotion of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of human rights treaty bodies", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on this issue,", "Reaffirming the importance of the universal ratification of the United Nations human rights instruments,", "Welcoming the significant increase in the number of States that have ratified the various United Nations human rights instruments, and in particular contributing to the universality of human rights instruments,", "Reaffirming the importance of the effective functioning of treaty bodies established by the United Nations human rights instruments for their full and effective implementation,", "Recalling that, with regard to the election of members of the human rights treaty bodies, the General Assembly and the former Commission on Human Rights have confirmed that the composition of those bodies must take into account equitable geographical distribution and gender balance, as well as the representation of the principal legal systems, and that it must be borne in mind that members should be elected and represented in their personal capacity and that they have recognized competence in the area of justice and human rights,", "Reaffirming that States and regions do not exist, that historical, cultural and religious backgrounds vary, and that political, economic and legal systems are of importance,", "Recognizing the multilingual policy of the United Nations to promote, protect and preserve the diversity of global languages and cultures, and recognizing that the genuine use of multilingualism contributes to the achievement of diversity and international understandings,", "Recalling that the General Assembly and the former Commission on Human Rights encouraged States parties to the United Nations human rights treaties to consider, individually and through the Conference, ways to effectively implement, inter alia, the principle of equitable geographical distribution among members of the treaty bodies,", "Expressing concern at the regional imbalance in the current membership of some human rights treaty bodies,", "Reaffirming the importance of intensifying efforts to eliminate such imbalances,", "Noting in particular that the current situation often disadvantages the election of experts from certain regional groups, in particular in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and the Eastern European Group,", "Convinced that the objective of equitable geographical distribution among members of the human rights treaty bodies is in full compliance with the requirements to ensure gender balance and the representation of the principal legal systems and to ensure that members are of a high quality, have a fair and non-independent reputation and the well-established capacity in the field of human rights, and that full realization and realization can be achieved in compliance with that request,", "Reaffirms that the States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments shall, when nominating members of the human rights treaty bodies, take into account the composition of those committees, which shall be composed of persons with high-quality, recognized competence in the field of human rights, taking into account the need for the participation of a number of persons with legal experience, the equal representation of women and men, and that their members shall serve in their personal capacity, and reiterates that, in the election of human rights treaty bodies, they shall take into account equitable geographical distribution of members and the representation of different forms of civilization and major legal systems;", "Encourages States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments to consider and take concrete action, including, where possible, the establishment of a system of geographical distribution for the election of treaty body members, in order to ensure that members of these human rights bodies constitute the primary objective of reflecting equitable geographical distribution;", "Urges States parties to the United Nations human rights instruments, including the members of the Bureau, to include this matter on the agenda of all conferences of the States parties to those instruments, in order to facilitate debate on ways to ensure equitable geographical distribution of members of the human rights treaty bodies, in accordance with previous recommendations of the Commission on Human Rights and the Economic and Social Council and the provisions of the present resolution;", "Recommends that, when considering the possibility of setting regional quotas for members of each treaty body, flexible procedures should be adopted, including the following criteria:", "(a) For the five regional groups established by the General Assembly to set their respective membership quotas in the treaty bodies, such a quota shall be equal to the proportion of the total number of States parties to the relevant instruments;", "(b) The need for regular revisions to reflect the relative changes in the geographical distribution of States parties;", "(c) Automated periodic revisions should be made in advance to avoid modifying the provisions of the instrument when revising the quotas;", "Stresses that the realization of the process required to reflect the goal of equitable geographical distribution contributes to raising awareness of the importance of gender balance, increasing the representation of the principal legal systems and promoting the principle that members of the treaty bodies should be elected and represented in their personal capacity, with a fair and non-advisory and recognized capacity in the field of human rights;", "Requests the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies to consider the content of the present resolution at their next meeting, and to submit, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, concrete proposals for the achievement of the objective of equitable geographical distribution in the membership of the human rights treaty bodies, as well as updates on the implementation of the present resolution by their respective bodies;", "Requests the High Commissioner to make specific recommendations on the implementation of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report thereon, which is submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this matter under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/154. 人权与文化多样性", "大会，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》、[1] 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》[2] 和《公民及政治权利国际公约》² 以及其他相关人权文书，", "又回顾其1999年12月17日第54/160号、2000年12月4日第55/91号、2002年12月18日第57/204号、2003年12月22日第58/167号、2005年12月16日第60/167号、2007年12月18日第62/155号和2009年12月18日第64/174号决议，还回顾其关于联合国不同文明对话年的1999年12月10日第54/113号、2000年11月13日第55/23号和2005年10月20日第60/4号决议，", "注意到联合国系统内促进文化多样性以及保存和发展文化的种种文书，特别是联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第十四届会议于1966年11月4日公布的《国际文化合作原则宣言》，[3]", "表示注意到秘书长的报告，[4]", "回顾1970年10月24日第2625(XXV)号决议附件所载的《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系和合作的国际法原则宣言》指出，各国不论在政治、经济和社会制度上有何差异，都有义务在国际关系各个领域相互合作，促进普遍尊重和遵守所有人的人权和基本自由，消除一切形式种族歧视及一切形式基于宗教的不容忍，", "欢迎2001年11月9日第56/6号决议通过了《不同文明对话全球议程》，", "又欢迎2001年8月31日至9月8日于南非德班举行的反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议、2009年4月20日至24日在日内瓦举行的德班审查会议以及2011年9月22日大会纪念《德班宣言和行动纲领》通过十周年高级别会议对促进尊重文化多样性所作的贡献，", "还欢迎联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第三十一届会议在2001年11月2日通过联合国教育、科学及文化组织《世界文化多样性宣言》[5] 及其《行动计划》，[6] 其中各成员国请联合国系统和其他有关政府间组织及非政府组织与联合国教育、科学及文化组织合作，促进落实《宣言》及其《行动计划》所载原则，以增强有利于文化多样性的协同行动，", "回顾2007年9月3日和4日在德黑兰举行的不结盟国家运动人权与文化多样性问题部长级会议，", "重申所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、彼此依存、相互关联的，国际社会必须以公正和平等的方式，在同等基础上，以同样的重视程度来全面对待人权，并重申，虽然必须照顾到国家和区域特点以及不同历史、文化和宗教背景的重要意义，但是各国不论其政治、经济和文化制度为何，都有义务促进和保护所有人权和基本自由，", "确认文化多样性以及各民族和各国寻求文化发展，是人类文化生活相互增益的一个源泉，", "又确认不同文化正在对发展和促进人权和基本自由作出的贡献，", "考虑到和平文化能积极促进非暴力和对人权的尊重，加强各民族和各国之间的团结和不同文化之间的对话，", "确认所有文化和文明都有一套共同的普遍价值，", "又确认促进土著人权利及其文化和传统将有助于尊重和承认各民族和各国的文化多样性，", "认为对文化、族裔、宗教和语言多样性的宽容以及不同文明之间及其内部的对话，对世界上不同文化和国家的个人和人民之间的和平、谅解和友谊至关重要，而针对不同文化和宗教表现出的文化偏见、不容忍和仇外心理则造成全世界各民族和各国间的仇恨与暴力，", "确认每种文化都有值得认可、尊重和维护的尊严和价值，并深信文化是丰富多彩、多样的，彼此相互影响，所有文化都是全人类共同遗产的一部分，", "深信促进文化多样性、不同文化和文明间的宽容和对话，将有助于各民族和各国努力通过知识及思想、道德和物质成就的互利交流，丰富其文化与传统，", "承认世界的多样性，确认所有文化和文明都促成人类的丰富多彩，确认必须尊重和理解世界各地宗教和文化多样性，为了促进国际和平与安全，决心致力于增进世界各地的人类福祉、自由和进步，并鼓励不同文化、文明和民族之间相互宽容、尊重、对话与合作，", "1. 申明各民族和各国在和平、宽容和相互尊重的国家和国际气氛中维护、发展和保存文化遗产和传统至关重要；", "2. 强调文化对于发展以及对于实现国家发展目标和包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的重要贡献；", "3. 欢迎2000年9月8日通过《联合国千年宣言》，[7] 会员国在该宣言中除其他外，认为宽容是二十一世纪国际关系必不可少的基本价值观念之一，并认为它应包含积极促进和平文化及不同文明之间的对话，人类相互尊重，兼容所有不同信仰、文化和语言，既不惧怕也不抑制社会内部和不同社会之间的差异，反而珍惜这种差异，视其为人类的宝贵资产；", "4. 确认人人有权参与文化生活和享受科学进步及其应用所带来的惠益；", "5. 申明国际社会应力求以确保尊重各地文化多样性的方式应对全球化带来的挑战和机遇；", "6. 表示决心防止和减轻全球化环境下的文化趋同，并为此促进和保护文化多样性，以此为导向增加文化间交流；", "7. 申明文化间对话实质上可以丰富对人权的共同理解，并申明通过鼓励和发展文化领域国际接触与合作而取得的惠益有着重要意义；", "8. 欢迎反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议确认必须尊重各国国内和各国之间的多样性并尽可能充分利用多样性的惠益，在各社区和国家内部以及在彼此之间实施和提倡正义、平等和不歧视、民主、公平和友谊、宽容和尊重等价值观和原则，特别是通过宣传和教育方案，包括政府当局与国际组织和非政府组织以及民间社会其他阶层合作执行的方案，增进对文化多样性惠益的认识与理解，共建和睦、丰富多彩的未来；", "9. 确认尊重文化多样性和所有人的文化权利将会促进文化多元，有助于更广泛地交流知识和了解文化背景，推动世界各地实施和享受普遍接受的人权，并增进世界各民族和各国之间稳定的友好关系；", "10. 强调在国家、区域和国际各级促进文化多元和宽容，对增进尊重文化权利和文化多样性至关重要；", "11. 又强调宽容和尊重多样性有助于普遍促进和保护人权，包括性别平等和人人享受所有人权，并强调指出宽容和尊重文化多样性与普遍促进和保护人权相辅相成；", "12. 敦促国际舞台上的所有行为体建立一个基于包容、正义、平等和公平、人类尊严、相互理解、促进和尊重文化多样性和普遍人权的国际秩序，摒弃基于种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的一切排他理论；", "13. 敦促各国确保其政治和法律制度反映本国社会内部的文化多样性，并在必要时强化民主机构，使它们能更具充分参与性，避免社会某些群体被边缘化、遭排斥及受歧视；", "14. 吁请各国、国际组织和联合国机构并请民间社会，包括非政府组织，为推动实现和平、发展和普遍接受的人权的目标，承认并促进尊重文化多样性；", "15. 强调指出必须确保能够自由利用媒体以及信息通信新技术，为恢复不同文化和文明之间的对话创造条件；", "16. 请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处继续在促进和保护人权的活动中充分考虑到本决议提出的问题；", "17. 还请高级专员办事处并邀请联合国教育、科学及文化组织支持各项旨在促进人权问题文化间对话的举措；", "18. 敦促相关国际组织开展研究，探讨尊重文化多样性如何有助于国际团结和各国间的合作；", "19. 请秘书长参考会员国、联合国相关机构和非政府组织的意见，编写一份关于本决议执行情况、包括国家、区域和国际各级在确认世界各民族和各国间文化多样性及其重要性方面所作努力的报告，并将该报告提交大会第六十八届会议审议；", "20. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“人权问题，包括增进人权和基本自由切实享受的各种途径”的分项下继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 见联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第十四届会议，1966年，巴黎，决议》。", "[4] A/66/161。", "[5] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第三十一届会议，2001年10月15日至11月3日，巴黎》，第1卷，《决议》，第五章，第25号决议，附件一。", "[6] 同上，附件二。", "[7] 见第55/2号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/154. Human rights and cultural diversity", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[2] and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,² as well as other pertinent human rights instruments,", "Recalling also its resolutions 54/160 of 17 December 1999, 55/91 of 4 December 2000, 57/204 of 18 December 2002, 58/167 of 22 December 2003, 60/167 of 16 December 2005, 62/155 of 18 December 2007 and 64/174 of 18 December 2009, and recalling further its resolutions 54/113 of 10 December 1999, 55/23 of 13 November 2000 and 60/4 of 20 October 2005 concerning the United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations,", "Noting that numerous instruments within the United Nations system promote cultural diversity, as well as the conservation and development of culture, in particular the Declaration of the Principles of International Culture Cooperation proclaimed on 4 November 1966 by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its fourteenth session,[3]", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary‑General,[4]", "Recalling that, as stated in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, contained in the annex to its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, States have the duty to cooperate with one another, irrespective of the differences in their political, economic and social systems, in the various spheres of international relations, in the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, and in the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination and all forms of religious intolerance,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations by its resolution 56/6 of 9 November 2001,", "Welcoming also the contribution of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, the Durban Review Conference, held in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009, and the high‑level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, held on 22 September 2011, to the promotion of respect for cultural diversity,", "Welcoming further the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,[5] together with its Action Plan,[6] adopted on 2 November 2001 by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty‑first session, in which member States invited the United Nations system and other intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations concerned to cooperate with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the promotion of the principles set forth in the Declaration and its Action Plan with a view to enhancing the synergy of actions in favour of cultural diversity,", "Recalling the Ministerial Meeting on Human Rights and Cultural Diversity of the Movement of Non‑Aligned Countries, held in Tehran on 3 and 4 September 2007,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis, and that, while the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by all peoples and nations are a source of mutual enrichment for the cultural life of humankind,", "Recognizing also the contribution that diverse cultures have been making to the development and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Taking into account that a culture of peace actively fosters non‑violence and respect for human rights and strengthens solidarity among peoples and nations and dialogue between cultures,", "Recognizing that all cultures and civilizations share a common set of universal values,", "Recognizing also that the promotion of the rights of indigenous people and their cultures and traditions will contribute to the respect for and observance of cultural diversity among all peoples and nations,", "Considering that tolerance of cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversities, as well as dialogue among and within civilizations, is essential for peace, understanding and friendship among individuals and people of different cultures and nations of the world, while manifestations of cultural prejudice, intolerance and xenophobia towards different cultures and religions generate hatred and violence among peoples and nations throughout the world,", "Recognizing in each culture a dignity and value that deserve recognition, respect and preservation, and convinced that, in their rich variety and diversity, and in the reciprocal influences that they exert on one another, all cultures form part of the common heritage belonging to all humankind,", "Convinced that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance towards and dialogue among various cultures and civilizations would contribute to the efforts of all peoples and nations to enrich their cultures and traditions by engaging in a mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and intellectual, moral and material achievements,", "Acknowledging the diversity of the world, recognizing that all cultures and civilizations contribute to the enrichment of humankind, acknowledging the importance of respect and understanding for religious and cultural diversity throughout the world, and, in order to promote international peace and security, committing itself to advancing human welfare, freedom and progress everywhere, as well as to encouraging tolerance, respect, dialogue and cooperation among different cultures, civilizations and peoples,", "1. Affirms the importance for all peoples and nations to hold, develop and preserve their cultural heritage and traditions in a national and international atmosphere of peace, tolerance and mutual respect;", "2. Emphasizes the important contribution of culture to development and the achievement of national development objectives and internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "3. Welcomes the adoption on 8 September 2000 of the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[7] in which Member States consider, inter alia, that tolerance is one of the fundamental values essential to international relations in the twenty‑first century and that it should include the active promotion of a culture of peace and dialogue among civilizations, with human beings respecting one another in all their diversity of belief, culture and language, neither fearing nor repressing differences within and between societies but cherishing them as a precious asset of humanity;", "4. Recognizes the right of everyone to take part in cultural life and to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications;", "5. Affirms that the international community should strive to respond to the challenges and opportunities posed by globalization in a manner that ensures respect for the cultural diversity of all;", "6. Expresses its determination to prevent and mitigate cultural homogenization in the context of globalization, through increased intercultural exchange guided by the promotion and protection of cultural diversity;", "7. Affirms that intercultural dialogue essentially enriches the common understanding of human rights and that the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of international contacts and cooperation in the cultural fields are important;", "8. Welcomes the recognition at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance of the necessity of respecting and maximizing the benefits of diversity within and among all nations in working together to build a harmonious and productive future by putting into practice and promoting values and principles such as justice, equality and non‑discrimination, democracy, fairness and friendship, tolerance and respect within and among communities and nations, in particular through public information and educational programmes to raise awareness and understanding of the benefits of cultural diversity, including programmes in which the public authorities work in partnership with international and non‑governmental organizations and other sectors of civil society;", "9. Recognizes that respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all enhances cultural pluralism, contributing to a wider exchange of knowledge and understanding of cultural background, advancing the application and enjoyment of universally accepted human rights throughout the world and fostering stable, friendly relations among peoples and nations worldwide;", "10. Emphasizes that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance at the national, regional and international levels is important for enhancing respect for cultural rights and cultural diversity;", "11. Also emphasizes that tolerance and respect for diversity facilitate the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including gender equality and the enjoyment of all human rights by all, and underlines the fact that tolerance and respect for cultural diversity and the universal promotion and protection of human rights are mutually supportive;", "12. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "13. Urges States to ensure that their political and legal systems reflect the multicultural diversity within their societies and, where necessary, to improve democratic institutions so that they are more fully participatory and avoid marginalization and exclusion of, and discrimination against, specific sectors of society;", "14. Calls upon States, international organizations and United Nations agencies and invites civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, to recognize and promote respect for cultural diversity for the purpose of advancing the objectives of peace, development and universally accepted human rights;", "15. Stresses the necessity of freely using the media and new information and communications technologies to create the conditions for a renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations;", "16. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to bear in mind fully the issues raised in the present resolution in the course of its activities for the promotion and protection of human rights;", "17. Also requests the Office of the High Commissioner and invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to support initiatives aimed at promoting intercultural dialogue on human rights;", "18. Urges relevant international organizations to conduct studies on how respect for cultural diversity contributes to fostering international solidarity and cooperation among all nations;", "19. Requests the Secretary‑General to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including efforts undertaken at the national, regional and international levels regarding the recognition and importance of cultural diversity among all peoples and nations in the world and taking into account the views of Member States, relevant United Nations agencies and non‑governmental organizations, and to submit the report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session;", "20. Decides to continue consideration of the question at its sixty‑eighth session under the sub‑item entitled “Human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Fourteenth Session, Paris, 1966, Resolutions.", "[4]  A/66/161.", "[5]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty‑first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[6]  Ibid., annex II.", "[7]  See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Human rights and cultural diversity", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [2] and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 and other relevant human rights instruments,", "Recalling also its resolutions 54/160 of 17 December 1999, 55/91 of 4 December 2000, 57/204 of 18 December 2002, 58/167 of 22 December 2003, 60/167 of 16 December 2005, 62/155 of 18 December 2007 and 64/1 of 18 December 2009, and recalling also its resolutions 54/13 of 10 December 1999 on the United Nations Dialogue on Civilizations, 55/23 of 13 November 2000 and 60/4 of 20 October 2005,", "Taking note of the instruments within the United Nations system that promote cultural diversity and preserve and develop culture, in particular the Declaration on Principles of International Cultural Cooperation, published at the fourteenth session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 4 November 1966, [3]", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, [4]", "Recalling the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, annexed to resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which states that States, irrespective of their differences in political, economic and social systems, are obliged to cooperate with each other in all areas of international relations in order to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination and all forms of religious-based intolerance,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations in resolution 56/6 of 9 November 2001,", "Welcoming also the contribution of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, the Durban Review Conference, held in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009, and the outcome of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, held in Durban, South Africa, in promoting respect for cultural diversity,", "Welcoming further the adoption by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty-first session, on 2 November 2001, of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity [5] and its Plan of Action, in which Member States invited the United Nations system and other relevant intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations to work with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to promote the implementation of the principles enshrined in the Declaration and its Plan of Action in order to enhance synergies for cultural diversity,", "Recalling the Ministerial Conference on Human Rights and Cultural Diversity of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Tehran on 3 and 4 September 2007,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, and that the international community must treat human rights in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis, and reaffirming that, while the importance of national and regional characteristics and different historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be taken into account, States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, are obliged to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by peoples and nations are a source of mutual benefits for human cultural life,", "Recognizing also that different cultures are contributing to the development and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Taking into account that a culture of peace can actively promote non-violence and respect for human rights and strengthen the unity and dialogue among peoples and nations,", "Recognizing that all cultures and civilizations have a common set of universal values,", "Recognizing also that the promotion of the rights of indigenous peoples and their cultures and traditions will help to respect and recognize the cultural diversity of peoples and States,", "Considers that tolerance for cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity and dialogue among and within civilizations are essential for peace, understanding and friendship among individuals and peoples of different cultures and countries in the world, while cultural prejudices, intolerance and xenophobia have created hatred and violence among all peoples and nations around the world,", "Recognizing that each culture has the dignity and values that merit recognition, respect and maintenance, and convinced that culture is rich, diverse and mutually affected and that all cultures are part of the common heritage of all humankind,", "Convinced that the promotion of cultural diversity, tolerance and dialogue among cultures and civilizations will contribute to the efforts of nationalities and States to enrich their cultures and traditions through mutual exchange of knowledge and ideas, ethics and material achievements,", "Recognizing the diversity of the world and recognizing that all cultures and civilizations contribute to the richness of human beings, recognizing the need to respect and understand religious and cultural diversity in all parts of the world, and in order to promote international peace and security, resolve to promote human well-being, liberty and progress around the world, and encourage tolerance, respect, dialogue and cooperation among different cultures, civilizations and peoples,", "Affirms that the preservation, development and preservation of cultural heritage and traditions in national and international climates of peace, tolerance and mutual respect are essential;", "Emphasizes that culture is an important contribution to development and to the achievement of national development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Welcomes the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration on 8 September 2000, in which [7] Member States, inter alia, believe that tolerance is one of the basic values essential for international relations in the twenty-first century, and believe that it should include active promotion of a culture of peace and dialogue among civilizations, respect for human beings and respect for all different faiths, cultures and languages, neither fear nor inhibit the differences between society and society, and, in this Declaration, valuate that such differences are among the valuable assets of humankind;", "Acknowledges the right of everyone to participate in cultural life and to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications;", "Affirms that the international community should strive to ensure that the challenges and opportunities of globalization are addressed in a manner that respects cultural diversity across all regions;", "Expresses its determination to prevent and mitigate cultural convergence in the context of globalization and to promote and protect cultural diversity, thereby leading to increased intercultural communication;", "Affirms that intercultural dialogue can substantively enrich the common understanding of human rights and affirms the importance of the benefits obtained through the encouragement and development of international contacts and cooperation in the field of culture;", "Welcomes the recognition by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance of the importance of respecting diversity and maximizing the benefits of diversity within and among States, implementing and promoting values and principles such as justice, equality and non-discrimination, democracy, equity and friendship, tolerance and respect, in all communities and among them, in particular through advocacy and education programmes, including programmes implemented by governmental authorities in cooperation with international organizations and non-governmental organizations, as well as other segments of civil society, in order to promote awareness and understanding of the benefits of cultural diversity, and to build harmony and enrich future;", "Recognizes that respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all will contribute to cultural pluralism and contribute to the wider exchange of knowledge and knowledge of cultural backgrounds, the promotion of the implementation and enjoyment of universally accepted human rights throughout the world and the promotion of stable and friendly relations among the peoples and States of the world;", "Emphasizes that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance at the national, regional and international levels is essential to the promotion of respect for cultural rights and cultural diversity;", "Also emphasizes that tolerance and respect for diversity contribute to the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including gender equality and the enjoyment of all human rights by all, and stresses that tolerance and respect for cultural diversity are mutually reinforcing with the universal promotion and protection of human rights;", "Urges all actors on the international scene to establish an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding, promotion and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Urges States to ensure that their political and legal systems reflect cultural diversity within their societies and, where necessary, strengthen democratic institutions so that they can be more fully involved in avoiding marginalization, exclusion and discrimination by certain groups of society;", "Calls upon States, international organizations and United Nations agencies and invites civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to recognize and promote respect for cultural diversity in order to promote the goals of peace, development and universally accepted human rights;", "Stresses the importance of ensuring free access to media and new information communications technologies and creating conditions for the resumption of dialogue among cultures and civilizations;", "Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to take fully into account the issues raised in the present resolution in its activities for the promotion and protection of human rights;", "Also requests the Office of the High Commissioner and invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to support initiatives aimed at promoting intercultural dialogue on human rights issues;", "Urges relevant international organizations to carry out research on how respect for cultural diversity can contribute to international solidarity and cooperation among States;", "Requests the Secretary-General, taking into account the views of Member States, relevant United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including on the efforts made at the national, regional and international levels to recognize cultural diversity and its importance, and to submit the report to the General Assembly for its consideration at its sixty-eighth session;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this question under the sub-item entitled “Human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, fourteenth session, Paris, 1966, resolution.", "[4] A/64/261.", "[5] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October-3 November 2001, vol. I, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[6] Ibid., annex II.", "[7] See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/155. 发展权", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》，其中特别表示决心促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生，并为此目的运用国际机制以促成全球人民的经济及社会进展，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》[1] 以及《公民及政治权利国际公约》[2] 和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》，²", "又回顾联合国经济和社会领域所有各次主要会议和首脑会议的成果，", "还回顾大会1986年12月4日第41/128号决议通过的《发展权利宣言》中确认发展权是一项不可剥夺的人权，发展机会均等是国家和组成国家的个人的一项特有权利，个人是发展的中心主体和主要受益者，", "强调指出《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》[3] 重申发展权是一项普遍的、不可剥夺的权利，是基本人权的组成部分，个人是发展的中心主体和主要受益者，", "重申大会2000年9月8日通过的《联合国千年宣言》[4] 中确立的落实所有人的发展权这一目标，", "深为关切世界上大多数土著人民生活贫穷，认识到亟需确保土著人民充分、有效地参与发展和消除贫穷方案，克服贫穷和不公平对土著人民的消极影响，", "重申所有公民、文化、经济、政治和社会权利，包括发展权，都是普遍、不可分割、相互关联、相互依存和相辅相成的，", "表示深为关切世界贸易组织的贸易谈判缺乏进展，重申多哈发展回合需要在农业、非农业产品的市场准入、贸易便利化、发展和服务业等关键领域取得成功结果，", "回顾2008年4月20日至25日在阿克拉举行的主题为“应对全球化给发展带来的机遇和挑战”的联合国贸易和发展会议第十二届大会成果，[5]", "又回顾关于发展权的大会以往各项决议、人权理事会2011年9月30日第18/26号决议[6] 以及理事会和人权委员会以往关于发展权的决议，特别是委员会1998年4月22日关于迫切需要在实现《发展权利宣言》阐明的发展权方面取得进一步进展的第1998/72号决议，[7]", "还回顾2011年是《发展权利宣言》通过二十五周年，", "回顾人权理事会发展权工作组报告[8] 所载并在秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员关于发展权的报告[9] 中提及的2010年4月26日至30日在日内瓦举行的工作组第十一届会议的成果，", "又回顾2009年7月11日至16日在埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的第十五次不结盟国家运动国家元首和政府首脑会议和以往各次首脑会议和大型会议，会上不结盟运动成员国强调指出有必要优先开展发展权工作，", "重申继续支持《非洲发展新伙伴关系》，[10] 认为它是非洲的一个发展框架，", "表示赞赏人权理事会发展权问题工作组主席兼报告员以及落实发展权问题高级别工作组成员在完成理事会2007年3月30日第4/4号决议[11] 规定的2008-2010年三阶段路线图方面作出的努力，", "痛悉工作组原主席兼报告员逝世，并欢迎继任者，", "深为关切全球经济和金融危机对落实发展权的消极影响，", "确认虽然发展能促进所有人权的享受，但缺乏发展的状况不得被用来作为剥夺国际公认人权的借口，", "又确认会员国应相互配合以确保发展和消除发展障碍，为实现发展权及消除发展障碍，国际社会应促进有效的国际合作，而且为了在落实发展权方面取得持久进展，需要国家一级有效发展政策以及公平经济关系和国际一级有利经济环境，", "还确认贫穷是对人类尊严的侮辱，", "确认赤贫和饥饿是全球最大的威胁之一，需要国际社会集体承诺按照千年发展目标1加以铲除，为此吁请国际社会，包括人权理事会，为实现这一目标作出贡献，", "又确认历史上的不公正无可否认地助长了贫穷、发展不足、边缘化、社会排斥、经济差距、不稳定和不安全等状况，影响到世界不同地区、特别是发展中国家的许多人民，", "强调指出消除贫穷是促进和落实发展权的一个关键要素，并强调指出贫穷是一个多方面的问题，需要在各级以多管齐下的综合方式对待经济、政治、社会、环境和体制各个层面，特别是应实现到2015年将世界上每日收入低于一美元和挨饿的人口比例减半的千年发展目标，", "1. 确认目前所作所有努力以及《发展权利宣言》[12] 二十五周年纪念活动、包括人权理事会第十八届会议期间以“落实发展权利的前进道路：从政策到实践”为主题举行的小组讨论的重要意义；", "2. 核可人权理事会发展权工作组第十一届会议以协商一致方式通过的结论和建议，⁸ 并要求联合国人权事务高级专员办事处和其他相关行为体立即充分而有效地予以落实；", "3. 支持工作组完成经人权理事会2008年9月24日第9/3号决议续延的任务，[13] 确认工作组将每年举行为期五个工作日的会议并向理事会提交报告；", "4. 强调大会关于设立人权理事会的2006年3月15日第60/251号决议的相关规定，并在这方面吁请理事会执行相关协定，继续采取行动以确保其议程能促进和推动可持续发展及千年发展目标的实现，为此按照《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》³ 第5和10段所述，推动将发展权提升到与所有其他人权和基本自由相同的层次，并给予同等重视；", "5. 注意到目前正在工作组范围内开展努力以完成人权理事会在其第4/4号决议¹¹ 中交付给工作组的任务，并重申工作组在其第十一届会议上商定的结论和建议；[14]", "6. 又注意到已于2010年结束任务的落实发展权问题高级别工作队所做的工作，包括汇总结论以及编制发展权标准及相应次级实施标准清单；[15]", "7. 回顾工作组将在其第十二届会议上审议各国政府、政府集团、区域集团就高级别工作队的工作所提意见的汇编以及其他利益攸关方有关的意见汇编；", "8. 强调指出必须向会员国及相关利益攸关方征求对高级别工作队的工作及今后工作方针的意见，其中应考虑到发展权的基本特征，并以《发展权利宣言》以及人权委员会、人权理事会和大会关于发展权的决议作为参考；", "9. 又强调指出上述意见汇编、标准和相应的实施次级标准一旦经由工作组审议、订正和认可，应酌情用于制订一整套全面、连贯一致的落实发展权标准；", "10. 强调工作组必须采取适当步骤，包括拟订落实发展权导则，以确保上述标准得到遵守和切实实施，这些标准可采用多种形式，并且可通过一个合作参与进程，把这些标准转化为一项有约束力国际法律标准的审议基础；", "11. 强调指出工作组第三届会议结论[16] 中的平等、不歧视、问责、参与和国际合作等符合各项国际人权文书宗旨的核心原则，对于在国家和国际各级把发展权纳入主流十分重要，并着重指出公平与透明原则的重要性；", "12. 又强调指出主席兼报告员和工作组在履行任务时必须考虑到需要：", "(a) 促进国际治理体系民主化，以便让发展中国家更多地有效参与国际决策；", "(b) 并促进与发展中国家、特别是与最不发达国家建立诸如非洲发展新伙伴关系¹⁰ 等有效伙伴关系以及其他类似倡议，以在这些国家落实发展权，包括实现千年发展目标；", "(c) 努力促进在国际一级更大程度地接受、运用和落实发展权，同时敦促所有国家在国家一级制订必要政策，采取必要措施，将发展权作为所有人权和基本自由的一个固有组成部分加以落实，并敦促所有国家扩大和深化互利合作，在促进有效国际合作落实发展权的范围内确保实现发展，消除发展障碍，同时应考虑到要在落实发展权方面取得持续进展，就必须在国家一级制订有效的发展政策，在国际一级创造有利的经济环境；", "(d) 审议如何继续确保优先开展发展权工作；", "(e) 将发展权纳入联合国及各个专门机构、基金和方案的政策和业务活动主流以及国际金融和多边贸易体系的政策和战略主流，在这方面应铭记国际经济、商业和金融领域的公平、不歧视、透明、问责、参与和国际合作，包括有效发展伙伴关系等核心原则，对于落实发展权，对于在处理发展中国家关切问题时防止出于政治考虑或出于其他非经济考虑而进行歧视性对待，均不可或缺；", "13. 鼓励人权理事会继续考虑如何确保按照大会决议和人权委员会决议的相关规定，并遵循理事会将作出的决定，后续跟进原促进和保护人权小组委员会的发展权方面工作；", "14. 邀请会员国和所有其他利益攸关方积极参与社会论坛今后各届会议，同时确认促进和保护人权小组委员会对该论坛头四届会议的大力支持；", "15. 重申致力于落实联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议及其审查进程所有成果文件中确定的目标和指标，特别是关于落实发展权的目标和指标，确认落实发展权对实现这些成果文件所确定的宗旨、目标和指标至关重要；", "16. 又重申落实发展权对于执行《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》至关重要，该宣言和行动纲领认为所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存和相互关联的，人是发展的中心，并确认虽然发展能促进各项人权的享受，但不能以发展不足为由，侵蚀国际公认的人权；", "17. 强调指出促进和保护各项人权的首要责任在于国家，并重申各国对本国经济和社会发展负有首要责任，而且对国家政策和发展战略的作用不论如何强调都不为过；", "18. 重申各国对创造有利于落实发展权的国内条件和国际条件负有首要责任，重申各国承诺为此目的相互合作；", "19. 又重申需要为落实发展权创造有利的国际环境；", "20. 强调指出需要努力促进在国际和国家各级更大程度地接受、运用和落实发展权，并吁请所有国家实行必要措施，将发展权作为所有人权和基本自由的一个固有组成部分加以落实；", "21. 强调在国家和国际各级查明和分析妨碍充分落实发展权的因素极为重要；", "22. 申明全球化既带来机遇也带来挑战，但全球化进程仍不足以实现所有国家融入全球化世界的目标，并强调指出需要在国内和全球范围制订政策和措施，以应对全球化的挑战和机遇，全球化进程方可成为一个具有充分包容性的公平进程；", "23. 确认尽管国际社会不断作出努力，但发达国家与发展中国家之间仍然存在令人无法接受的鸿沟，大多数发展中国家在参与全球化进程中继续面临种种困难，许多发展中国家面临边缘化危险，可能实际上享受不到全球化的惠益；", "24. 在这方面表示深为关切当前的国际能源、粮食和金融危机导致经济和社会状况更加严峻，特别是在发展中国家，而且全球气候变化和生物多样性丧失带来日益严重的挑战，加重了脆弱性和不平等，对发展成果产生不利影响，尤其是对发展中国家而言，这些都对发展权的落实产生消极影响；", "25. 着重指出国际社会距离实现《联合国千年宣言》⁴ 中载明的到2015年将贫穷人口减半这一具体目标尚有很大差距，重申决心达到这一具体目标，并强调发达国家与发展中国家为实现上述目标开展国际合作的原则，包括建立伙伴关系和作出承诺；", "26. 敦促尚未履行承诺的发达国家切实努力达到既定指标，使其向发展中国家提供的官方发展援助达到国民生产总值的0.7%，向最不发达国家提供的官方发展援助达到国民生产总值的0.15%至0.2%，还鼓励发展中国家再接再厉，确保官方发展援助得到有效利用，以帮助实现发展目标和指标；", "27. 确认需要解决发展中国家的市场准入问题，包括农产品、服务业和非农部门的准入，尤其是同发展中国家利益相关部门的准入；", "28. 再次呼吁以适当步伐推行有效的贸易自由化，包括在世界贸易组织目前正在谈判的各领域推行贸易自由化；履行承诺，解决与执行工作有关的问题和关切；审查特殊和差别待遇规定，以期予以强化，使之更加精确、有效、易于操作；避免新形式的保护主义；促进发展中国家的能力建设并向其提供技术援助，将此视为逐步推动有效落实发展权方面的重要问题；", "29. 确认国际经济、商业和金融领域与落实发展权之间的重要联系；在这方面强调指出有必要实行善治，扩大国际一级在与发展有关问题上的决策基础，而且有必要填补组织机构的空白，加强联合国系统和其他多边机构；又强调指出有必要扩大和加强发展中国家和经济转型国家对国际经济决策与规范制订工作的参与；", "30. 又确认国家一级善治和法治有助于各国促进和保护包括发展权在内的人权，并一致肯定各国在商定的发展、能力建设和技术援助伙伴合作方针等范畴内，为确定和加强透明、负责、问责和参与式治理等适应且适合国家需要和愿望的善治做法而不断作出的重要努力；", "31. 还确认妇女的重要作用和权利，确认两性平等观点的适用是落实发展权过程中一个贯穿各领域的问题，并特别指出妇女教育及妇女平等参与社区公民、文化、经济、政治和社会活动与增进发展权之间的积极关系；", "32. 强调指出男女孩童须视一例，并将儿童权利纳入所有政策和方案，确保促进和保护儿童权利，特别是在与卫生、教育以及充分发展儿童各种能力有关的领域；", "33. 回顾艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题大会高级别会议2011年6月10日通过的《关于艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题的政治宣言：加大行动力度，消灭艾滋病毒和艾滋病》，[17] 强调指出必须在国内和国际各级进一步采取其他措施，防治艾滋病毒和艾滋病及其他传染病，同时考虑到目前正在开展的努力和方案；重申在这方面提供国际援助的必要性；", "34. 欢迎预防和控制非传染性疾病问题大会高级别会议2011年9月19日通过的政治宣言，[18] 其中尤其注重特别是发展中国家所面对的发展和其他方面挑战及社会和经济方面影响；", "35. 回顾已于2008年5月3日生效的《残疾人权利公约》，[19] 并强调指出在落实发展权方面，需要考虑到残疾人的权利而且有必要开展国际合作以支持各国的努力；", "36. 强调指出大会在落实发展权进程中对土著人民的承诺，并重申承诺根据各项公认的国际人权义务，促进土著人民在教育、就业、职业培训和再培训、住房、环卫、卫生和社会保障等领域的权利，同时酌情考虑到大会2007年9月13日第61/295号决议中通过的《联合国土著人民权利宣言》；", "37. 确认需要与民间社会组织和私营部门建立强有力的伙伴关系，以期消除贫穷，实现发展，同时也需要企业界承担社会责任；", "38. 强调迫切需要依照《联合国反腐败公约》[20] 的原则，特别是其中第五章，采取切实有效措施，在各级防范、打击并以刑事论处一切形式腐败行为，以便更有效地防范、查明和阻止在国际上转移非法获取的财产，加强在收回财产方面的国际合作，此外强调指出各国政府必须作出真诚的政治承诺，建立健全的法律框架，为此敦促各国尽早签署和批准该《公约》，并敦促缔约国有效执行《公约》；", "39. 又强调需要进一步加强联合国人权事务高级专员办事处为促进和落实发展权而开展的活动，包括确保执行任务所需的财政资源和人力资源得到有效利用，并吁请秘书长向高级专员办事处提供必要的资源；", "40. 重申请联合国人权事务高级专员在发展权主流化方面有效开展活动，以加强会员国、发展机构以及国际发展、金融和贸易机构之间为促进发展而建立的全球伙伴关系，并在她向人权理事会提交的下次报告中详细说明这些活动；", "41. 重申请高级专员办事处与联合国会员国及其他相关利益攸关方协商，继续在2011年举办《发展权利宣言》二十五周年纪念活动；", "42. 吁请联合国各基金和方案以及各专门机构将发展权纳入业务方案和目标的主流，并强调指出国际金融系统和多边贸易系统需将发展权纳入政策和目标的主流；", "43. 请秘书长提请会员国、联合国各机关和机构、专门机构、基金和方案、国际发展和金融机构特别是布雷顿森林机构以及非政府组织注意本决议；", "44. 又请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交一份报告以及向人权理事会提交一份临时报告，包括说明在国家、区域和国际各级为促进和落实发展权所作的努力，并邀请工作组主席兼报告员向大会第六十七届会议口头介绍最新情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[4] 见第55/2号决议。", "[5] 见TD/442和Corr.1和2。", "[6] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[7] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，1998年，补编第3号》(E/1998/23)，第二章，A节。", "[8] A/HRC/15/23。", "[9] A/HRC/15/24。", "[10] A/57/304，附件。", "[11] 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第53号》(A/62/53)，第三章，A节。", "[12] 第41/128号决议，附件。", "[13] 见《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，补编第53A号》(A/63/53/Add.1)，第一章。", "[14] 见A/HRC/15/23，第41至47段。", "[15] 见A/HRC/15/WG.2/TF/2和Add.1和Add.2。", "[16] 见E/CN.4/2002/28/Rev.1，第八.A节。", "[17] 第65/277号决议，附件。", "[18] 第66/2号决议，附件。", "[19] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[20] 同上，第2349卷，第42146号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/155. The right to development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, which expresses, in particular, the determination to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom and, to that end, to employ international mechanisms for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[2] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,²", "Recalling also the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling further that the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, confirmed that the right to development is an inalienable human right and that equality of opportunity for development is a prerogative both of nations and of individuals who make up nations, and that the individual is the central subject and beneficiary of development,", "Stressing that the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action[3] reaffirmed the right to development as a universal and inalienable right and an integral part of fundamental human rights, and the individual as the central subject and beneficiary of development,", "Reaffirming the objective of making the right to development a reality for everyone, as set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the General Assembly on 8 September 2000,[4]", "Deeply concerned that the majority of indigenous peoples in the world live in conditions of poverty, and recognizing the critical need to address the negative impact of poverty and inequity on indigenous peoples by ensuring their full and effective inclusion in development and poverty eradication programmes,", "Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interrelatedness, interdependence and mutually reinforcing nature of all civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, including the right to development,", "Expressing deep concern over the lack of progress in the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization, and reaffirming the need for a successful outcome of the Doha Development Round in key areas such as agriculture, market access for non‑agricultural products, trade facilitation, development and services,", "Recalling the outcome of the twelfth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held in Accra from 20 to 25 April 2008, on the theme “Addressing the opportunities and challenges of globalization for development”,[5]", "Recalling also all its previous resolutions, Human Rights Council resolution 18/26 of 30 September 2011,[6] previous resolutions of the Council and those of the Commission on Human Rights on the right to development, in particular Commission resolution 1998/72 of 22 April 1998[7] on the urgent need to make further progress towards the realization of the right to development as set out in the Declaration on the Right to Development,", "Recalling further that 2011 marks the twenty‑fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development,", "Recalling the outcome of the eleventh session of the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council, held in Geneva from 26 to 30 April 2010, as contained in the report of the Working Group[8] and as referred to in the report of the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the right to development,[9]", "Recalling also the Fifteenth Summit Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non‑Aligned Countries, held in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, from 11 to 16 July 2009, and the previous summits and conferences at which the States members of the Movement stressed the need to operationalize the right to development as a priority,", "Reiterating its continuing support for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development[10] as a development framework for Africa,", "Expressing its appreciation for the efforts of the Chair‑Rapporteur of the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council and the members of the high‑level task force on the implementation of the right to development in completing the 2008–2010 three‑phase road map established by the Council in its resolution 4/4 of 30 March 2007,[11]", "Noting with sadness the passing of the former Chair‑Rapporteur of the Working Group, and welcoming the new mandate holder,", "Deeply concerned about the negative impacts of the global economic and financial crises on the realization of the right to development,", "Recognizing that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights,", "Recognizing also that Member States should cooperate with each other in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development, that the international community should promote effective international cooperation for the realization of the right to development and the elimination of obstacles to development and that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as equitable economic relations and a favourable economic environment at the international level,", "Recognizing further that poverty is an affront to human dignity,", "Recognizing that extreme poverty and hunger are one of the greatest global threats and require the collective commitment of the international community for its eradication, pursuant to Millennium Development Goal 1, and therefore calling upon the international community, including the Human Rights Council, to contribute towards achieving that goal,", "Recognizing also that historical injustices have undeniably contributed to the poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion, economic disparity, instability and insecurity that affect many people in different parts of the world, in particular in developing countries,", "Stressing that poverty eradication is one of the critical elements in the promotion and realization of the right to development and that poverty is a multifaceted problem that requires a multifaceted and integrated approach in addressing economic, political, social, environmental and institutional dimensions at all levels, especially in the context of the Millennium Development Goal of halving, by 2015, the proportion of the world’s people whose income is less than one dollar a day and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger,", "1. Recognizes the significance of all efforts under way and events held to commemorate the twenty‑fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development,[12] including the panel discussion on the theme “The way forward in the realization of the right to development: between policy and practice”, held during the eighteenth session of the Human Rights Council;", "2. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations adopted by consensus by the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council at its eleventh session,⁸ and calls for their immediate, full and effective implementation by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other relevant actors;", "3. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Working Group, as renewed by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 9/3 of 24 September 2008,[13] with the recognition that the Working Group will convene annual sessions of five working days and submit its reports to the Council;", "4. Emphasizes the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 establishing the Human Rights Council, and in this regard calls upon the Council to implement the agreement to continue to act to ensure that its agenda promotes and advances sustainable development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and also in this regard to lead to raising the right to development, as set out in paragraphs 5 and 10 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,³ to the same level as and on a par with all other human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "5. Notes the efforts under way within the framework of the Working Group with a view to completing the tasks entrusted to it by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 4/4,¹¹ and reaffirms the conclusions and recommendations of the Working Group agreed upon at its eleventh session;[14]", "6. Also notes the work of the high‑level task force on the implementation of the right to development, the mandate of which ended in 2010, including its consolidation of findings and the list of right‑to‑development criteria and corresponding operational sub‑criteria;[15]", "7. Recalls that the Working Group will consider at its twelfth session the two compilations of views received from Governments, groups of Governments and regional groups, and from other stakeholders on the work of the high‑level task force;", "8. Stresses that it is important that the views requested of Member States and relevant stakeholders on the work of the high‑level task force and the way forward take into consideration the essential features of the right to development, using as a reference the Declaration on the Right to Development and resolutions on the right to development of the Commission on Human Rights, the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly;", "9. Also stresses that the above‑mentioned compilations of views, criteria and corresponding operational sub‑criteria, once considered, revised and endorsed by the Working Group, should be used, as appropriate, in the elaboration of a comprehensive and coherent set of standards for the implementation of the right to development;", "10. Emphasizes the importance of the Working Group taking appropriate steps to ensure respect for and practical application of the above‑mentioned standards, which could take various forms, including the elaboration of guidelines on the implementation of the right to development, and evolve into a basis for consideration of an international legal standard of a binding nature through a collaborative process of engagement;", "11. Stresses the importance of the core principles contained in the conclusions of the Working Group at its third session,[16] congruent with the purpose of international human rights instruments, such as equality, non‑discrimination, accountability, participation and international cooperation, as critical to mainstreaming the right to development at the national and international levels, and underlines the importance of the principles of equity and transparency;", "12. Also stresses that it is important that the Chair‑Rapporteur and the Working Group, in the discharge of their mandates, take into account the need:", "(a) To promote the democratization of the system of international governance in order to increase the effective participation of developing countries in international decision‑making;", "(b) To also promote effective partnerships such as the New Partnership for Africa’s Development¹⁰ and other similar initiatives with the developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, for the purpose of the realization of their right to development, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "(c) To strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international level, while urging all States to undertake at the national level the necessary policy formulation and to institute the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and also urging all States to expand and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development in the context of promoting effective international cooperation for the realization of the right to development, bearing in mind that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level and a favourable economic environment at the international level;", "(d) To consider ways and means to continue to ensure the operationalization of the right to development as a priority;", "(e) To mainstream the right to development in the policies and operational activities of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, funds and programmes, as well as in the policies and strategies of the international financial and multilateral trading systems, bearing in mind in this regard that the core principles of the international economic, commercial and financial spheres, such as equity, non‑discrimination, transparency, accountability, participation and international cooperation, including effective partnerships for development, are indispensable in achieving the right to development and preventing discriminatory treatment arising from political or other non‑economic considerations in addressing the issues of concern to the developing countries;", "13. Encourages the Human Rights Council to continue considering how to ensure follow‑up to the work of the former Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on the right to development, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights and in compliance with decisions to be taken by the Council;", "14. Invites Member States and all other stakeholders to participate actively in future sessions of the Social Forum, while recognizing the strong support extended to the Forum at its first four sessions by the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights;", "15. Reaffirms the commitment to implement the goals and targets set out in all the outcome documents of the major United Nations conferences and summits and their review processes, in particular those relating to the realization of the right to development, recognizing that the realization of the right to development is critical to achieving the objectives, goals and targets set in those outcome documents;", "16. Also reaffirms that the realization of the right to development is essential to the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which regards all human rights as universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, places the human person at the centre of development and recognizes that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights;", "17. Stresses that the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of all human rights lies with the State, and reaffirms that States have the primary responsibility for their own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized;", "18. Reaffirms the primary responsibility of States to create national and international conditions favourable to the realization of the right to development, as well as their commitment to cooperate with each other to that end;", "19. Also reaffirms the need for an international environment that is conducive to the realization of the right to development;", "20. Stresses the need to strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international and national levels, and calls upon all States to institute the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "21. Emphasizes the critical importance of identifying and analysing obstacles impeding the full realization of the right to development at both the national and the international levels;", "22. Affirms that, while globalization offers both opportunities and challenges, the process of globalization remains deficient in achieving the objectives of integrating all countries into a globalized world, and stresses the need for policies and measures at the national and global levels to respond to the challenges and opportunities of globalization if this process is to be made fully inclusive and equitable;", "23. Recognizes that, despite continuous efforts on the part of the international community, the gap between developed and developing countries remains unacceptably wide, that most of the developing countries continue to face difficulties in participating in the globalization process and that many risk being marginalized and effectively excluded from its benefits;", "24. Expresses its deep concern, in this regard, about the negative impact on the realization of the right to development due to the further aggravation of the economic and social situation, in particular of developing countries, as a result of the ongoing international energy, food and financial crises, as well as the increasing challenges posed by global climate change and the loss of biodiversity, which have increased vulnerabilities and inequalities and have adversely affected development gains, in particular in developing countries;", "25. Underlines the fact that the international community is far from meeting the target set in the United Nations Millennium Declaration⁴ of halving the number of people living in poverty by 2015, reaffirms the commitment made to meet that target, and emphasizes the principle of international cooperation, including partnership and commitment, between developed and developing countries towards achieving the goal;", "26. Urges developed countries that have not yet done so to make concrete efforts towards meeting the targets of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of their gross national product to least developed countries, and encourages developing countries to build on the progress achieved in ensuring that official development assistance is used effectively to help to meet development goals and targets;", "27. Recognizes the need to address market access for developing countries, including in the sectors of agriculture, services and non‑agricultural products, in particular those of interest to developing countries;", "28. Calls once again for the implementation of a desirable pace of meaningful trade liberalization, including in areas under negotiation in the World Trade Organization; the implementation of commitments on implementation‑related issues and concerns; a review of special and differential treatment provisions, with a view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational; the avoidance of new forms of protectionism; and capacity‑building and technical assistance for developing countries as important issues in making progress towards the effective implementation of the right to development;", "29. Recognizes the important link between the international economic, commercial and financial spheres and the realization of the right to development; stresses in this regard the need for good governance and for broadening the base of decision‑making at the international level on issues of development concern and the need to fill organizational gaps, as well as to strengthen the United Nations system and other multilateral institutions; and also stresses the need to broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries and countries with economies in transition in international economic decision‑making and norm‑setting;", "30. Also recognizes that good governance and the rule of law at the national level assist all States in the promotion and protection of human rights, including the right to development, and agrees on the value of the ongoing efforts being made by States to identify and strengthen good governance practices, including transparent, responsible, accountable and participatory government, that are responsive and appropriate to their needs and aspirations, including in the context of agreed partnership approaches to development, capacity‑building and technical assistance;", "31. Further recognizes the important role and the rights of women and the application of a gender perspective as a cross‑cutting issue in the process of realizing the right to development, and notes in particular the positive relationship between the education of women and their equal participation in the civil, cultural, economic, political and social activities of the community and the promotion of the right to development;", "32. Stresses the need for the integration of the rights of children, girls and boys alike, in all policies and programmes and for ensuring the promotion and protection of those rights, especially in areas relating to health, education and the full development of their capacities;", "33. Recalls the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS, adopted on 10 June 2011 at the High‑level Meeting of the General Assembly on HIV/AIDS,[17] stresses that further and additional measures must be taken at the national and international levels to fight HIV and AIDS and other communicable diseases, taking into account ongoing efforts and programmes, and reiterates the need for international assistance in this regard;", "34. Welcomes the Political Declaration of the High‑level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non‑communicable Diseases, adopted on 19 September 2011,[18] with a particular focus on development and other challenges and social and economic impacts, particularly for developing countries;", "35. Recalls the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[19] which entered into force on 3 May 2008, and stresses the need to take into consideration the rights of persons with disabilities and the importance of international cooperation in support of national efforts in the realization of the right to development;", "36. Stresses its commitment to indigenous peoples in the process of the realization of the right to development, and reaffirms the commitment to promote their rights in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security, in accordance with recognized international human rights obligations and taking into account, as appropriate, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007;", "37. Recognizes the need for strong partnerships with civil society organizations and the private sector in pursuit of poverty eradication and development, as well as for corporate social responsibility;", "38. Emphasizes the urgent need for taking concrete and effective measures to prevent, combat and criminalize all forms of corruption at all levels, to prevent, detect and deter in a more effective manner international transfers of illicitly acquired assets and to strengthen international cooperation in asset recovery, consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption,[20] particularly chapter V thereof, stresses the importance of a genuine political commitment on the part of all Governments through a firm legal framework, and in this context urges States to sign and ratify the Convention as soon as possible and States parties to implement it effectively;", "39. Also emphasizes the need to strengthen further the activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the promotion and realization of the right to development, including by ensuring effective use of the financial and human resources necessary to fulfil its mandate, and calls upon the Secretary‑General to provide the Office of the High Commissioner with the necessary resources;", "40. Reaffirms the request to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in mainstreaming the right to development, to undertake effectively activities aimed at strengthening the global partnership for development among Member States, development agencies and the international development, financial and trade institutions and to reflect those activities in detail in her next report to the Human Rights Council;", "41. Reaffirms the request to the Office of the High Commissioner, in consultation with States Members of the United Nations and other relevant stakeholders, to continue the commemoration of the twenty‑fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development in 2011;", "42. Calls upon the United Nations funds and programmes, as well as the specialized agencies, to mainstream the right to development in their operational programmes and objectives, and stresses the need for the international financial and multilateral trading systems to mainstream the right to development in their policies and objectives;", "43. Requests the Secretary‑General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs and bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes, international development and financial institutions, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non‑governmental organizations;", "44. Also requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session and an interim report to the Human Rights Council on the implementation of the present resolution, including efforts undertaken at the national, regional and international levels in the promotion and realization of the right to development, and invites the Chair‑Rapporteur of the Working Group to present a verbal update to the Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[4]  See resolution 55/2.", "[5]  See TD/442 and Corr.1 and 2.", "[6]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[7]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 3 (E/1998/23), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8]  A/HRC/15/23.", "[9]  A/HRC/15/24.", "[10]  A/57/304, annex.", "[11]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. III, sect. A.", "[12]  Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[13]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/63/53/Add.1), chap. I.", "[14]  See A/HRC/15/23, paras. 41–47.", "[15]  See A/HRC/15/WG.2/TF/2 and Corr.1 and Add.1/Corr.1 and Add.2.", "[16]  See E/CN.4/2002/28/Rev.1, sect. VIII.A.", "[17]  Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[18]  Resolution 66/2, annex.", "[19]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[20]  Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/155. The right to development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, which expresses, in particular, the determination to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom and, to that end, to employ international mechanisms for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,", "Recalling also the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling further that the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, confirmed that the right to development is an inalienable human right and that equality of opportunity for development is a prerogative both of nations and of individuals who make up nations, and that the individual is the central subject and beneficiary of development,", "Stressing that the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [3] reaffirmed the right to development as a universal and inalienable right and an integral part of fundamental human rights, and the individual as the central subject and beneficiary of development,", "Reaffirming the objective of making the right to development a reality for everyone, as set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted by the General Assembly on 8 September 2000,", "Deeply concerned that the majority of indigenous peoples in the world live in conditions of poverty, and recognizing the critical need to address the negative impact of poverty and inequity on indigenous peoples by ensuring their full and effective participation in development and poverty eradication programmes,", "Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interrelatedness, interdependence and mutually reinforcing nature of all civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, including the right to development,", "Expressing deep concern at the lack of progress in the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization, and reaffirming the need for a successful outcome of the Doha Development Round in key areas such as agriculture, market access for non-agricultural products, trade facilitation, development and services,", "Recalling the outcome of the twelfth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held in Accra from 20 to 25 April 2008, on the theme “Addressing the opportunities and challenges of globalization for development”, [5]", "Recalling also its previous resolutions, Human Rights Council resolution 18/26 of 30 September 2011 and previous resolutions of the Council and the Commission on Human Rights on the right to development, in particular Commission resolution 1998/72 of 22 April 1998 on the urgent need to make further progress towards the realization of the right to development as set out in the Declaration on the Right to Development,[7]", "Recalling further that 2011 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development,", "Recalling the outcome of the eleventh session of the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council, held in Geneva from 26 to 30 April 2010, as contained in the report of the Working Group and referred to in the report of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the right to development,", "Recalling also the Fifteenth Summit Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from 11 to 16 July 2009, and previous summits and conferences, at which the States members of the Movement stressed the need to give priority to the right to development,", "Reaffirming its continued support for the New Partnership for Africa ' s Development as a development framework for Africa,", "Expressing its appreciation to the Chairperson-Rapporteur of the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council and the members of the high-level task force on the implementation of the right to development for their efforts in completing the three-phase road map for the period 2008-2010 as set out in Council resolution 4/4 of 30 March 2007,", "Deploring the passing of the former Chairperson-Rapporteur of the Working Group and welcoming his successor,", "Deeply concerned about the negative impact of the global economic and financial crisis on the implementation of the right to development,", "Recognizing that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development cannot be used as a pretext to deny internationally recognized human rights,", "Recognizing also that Member States should complement each other in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development and that, in order to realize the right to development and to remove obstacles to development, the international community should promote effective international cooperation and that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as equitable economic relations and a favourable economic environment at the international level,", "Recognizing further that poverty is an affront to human dignity,", "Recognizing that extreme poverty and hunger are one of the greatest global threats that require the collective commitment of the international community to eradicate them, in accordance with Millennium Development Goal 1, and in this regard calling upon the international community, including the Human Rights Council, to contribute to the achievement of that goal,", "Recognizing also that historical injustices have undeniably contributed to poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion, economic disparities, instability and insecurity, affecting many people in different parts of the world, in particular in developing countries,", "Stressing that poverty eradication is one of the critical elements in the promotion and realization of the right to development and that poverty is a multifaceted problem that requires a multifaceted and integrated approach in addressing economic, political, social, environmental and institutional dimensions at all levels, in particular the Millennium Development Goal of halving, by 2015, the proportion of the world ' s people whose income is less than one dollar a day and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger,", "Recognizes the importance of all efforts under way and the commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development, including the panel discussion held during the eighteenth session of the Human Rights Council on the theme “The way forward in the implementation of the right to development: from policy to practice”;", "Endorses the conclusions and recommendations adopted by consensus by the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council at its eleventh session,8 and calls for their immediate, full and effective implementation by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other relevant actors;", "3. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Working Group, as renewed by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 9/3 of 24 September 2008, and acknowledges that the Working Group will meet annually for five working days and present its report to the Council;", "Emphasizes the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 establishing the Human Rights Council, and in this regard calls upon the Council to implement the relevant agreements and to continue to take action to ensure that its agenda promotes and advances sustainable development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and in this regard to promote the right to development at the same level as and with the same emphasis as all other human rights and fundamental freedoms, as set out in paragraphs 5 and 10 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action;3", "5. Notes the ongoing efforts within the Working Group to fulfil the mandate entrusted to it by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 4/4,11 and reaffirms the conclusions and recommendations agreed upon by the Working Group at its eleventh session;[14]", "6. Also notes the work of the high-level task force on the implementation of the right to development, which concluded its mandate in 2010, including the consolidation of conclusions and the preparation of a list of right to development criteria and corresponding operational subcriteria; [15]", "7. Recalls that the Working Group will consider, at its twelfth session, a compilation of views received from Governments, groups of Governments and regional groups on the work of the high-level task force, as well as a compilation of relevant views expressed by other stakeholders;", "8. Stresses the importance of seeking the views of Member States and relevant stakeholders on the work of the high-level task force and the way forward, taking into account the fundamental characteristics of the right to development and taking into account the Declaration on the Right to Development, as well as resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights, the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly on the right to development;", "9. Also stresses that the compilation of views, criteria and corresponding operational subcriteria, once considered, revised and endorsed by the Working Group, should be used, as appropriate, in the elaboration of a comprehensive and coherent set of standards for the implementation of the right to development;", "Stresses the importance of the Working Group taking appropriate steps, including the elaboration of guidelines on the implementation of the right to development, to ensure respect for and practical application of the above-mentioned standards, which can take many forms and can be translated into a basis for consideration of a binding international legal standard through a collaborative and participatory process;", "11. Stresses the importance of the core principles contained in the conclusions of the Working Group at its third session, consistent with the purpose of international human rights instruments, such as equality, non-discrimination, accountability, participation and international cooperation, in mainstreaming the right to development at the national and international levels, and underlines the importance of the principles of equity and transparency;", "12. Also stresses that the Chairperson-Rapporteur and the working group must take into account the need:", "(a) To promote the democratization of the system of international governance in order to increase the effective participation of developing countries in international decision-making;", "(b) Also to promote effective partnerships such as the New Partnership for Africa's Development10 and other similar initiatives with developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, for the implementation of the right to development in those countries, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "(c) To strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international level, while urging all States to undertake at the national level the policies necessary for the adoption of the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and also urging all States to expand and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development in the context of promoting effective international cooperation for the realization of the right to development, bearing in mind that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level and a favourable economic environment at the international level;", "(d) To consider how to continue to ensure that work on the right to development is carried out on a priority basis;", "(e) To mainstream the right to development in the policies and operational activities of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, funds and programmes, as well as in the policies and strategies of the international financial and multilateral trading systems, bearing in mind in this regard that the core principles of equity, non-discrimination, transparency, accountability, participation and international cooperation in the international economic, commercial and financial spheres, including effective partnerships for development, are indispensable for the realization of the right to development and for preventing discriminatory treatment based on political or other non-economic considerations in addressing the concerns of developing countries;", "13. Encourages the Human Rights Council to continue to consider ways to ensure follow-up to the work of the former Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on the right to development, in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly and Commission on Human Rights resolutions and in line with decisions to be taken by the Council;", "14. Invites Member States and all other stakeholders to participate actively in future sessions of the Social Forum, while recognizing the strong support of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights for the first four sessions of the Forum;", "Reaffirms the commitment to implement the goals and targets set out in all the outcome documents of the major United Nations conferences and summits and their review processes, in particular those relating to the realization of the right to development, recognizing that the realization of the right to development is critical to achieving the objectives, goals and targets set in those outcome documents;", "16. Also reaffirms that the realization of the right to development is essential for the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which regards all human rights as universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, places the human person at the centre of development and recognizes that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, underdevelopment cannot be invoked to justify the erosion of internationally recognized human rights;", "17. Stresses that the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of all human rights lies with the State, and reaffirms that States have the primary responsibility for their own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized;", "Reaffirms the primary responsibility of States to create national and international conditions favourable to the realization of the right to development, as well as their commitment to cooperate with each other to that end;", "19. Also reaffirms the need for an international environment that is conducive to the realization of the right to development;", "20. Stresses the need to strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international and national levels, and calls upon all States to institute necessary measures for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "Stresses the critical importance of identifying and analysing obstacles impeding the full realization of the right to development at both the national and international levels;", "22. Affirms that, while globalization offers both opportunities and challenges, the process of globalization remains insufficient to achieve the objectives of integrating all countries into a globalized world, and stresses the need for policies and measures at the national and global levels to respond to the challenges and opportunities of globalization if it is to be made fully inclusive and equitable;", "23. Recognizes that, despite continuous efforts on the part of the international community, the gap between developed and developing countries remains unacceptably wide, that most developing countries continue to face difficulties in participating in the globalization process and that many risk being marginalized and effectively excluded from its benefits;", "24. Expresses deep concern, in this regard, that the current international energy, food and financial crises have exacerbated economic and social conditions, in particular in developing countries, and that the increasing challenges posed by global climate change and the loss of biodiversity have increased vulnerability and inequality and have adversely affected development gains, particularly in developing countries, which have a negative impact on the realization of the right to development;", "25. Underlines the fact that the international community is far from achieving the United Nations Millennium Declaration4 The target of halving the number of people living in poverty by 2015 set out therein is far from being met, reaffirms the commitment made to meet that target and emphasizes the principle of international cooperation, including partnership and commitment, between developed and developing countries towards achieving it;", "26. Urges developed countries that have not yet done so to make concrete efforts towards meeting the targets of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of their gross national product to least developed countries, and encourages developing countries to build on the progress achieved in ensuring that official development assistance is used effectively to help to meet development goals and targets;", "27. Recognizes the need to address market access for developing countries, including in agriculture, services and non-agricultural sectors, in particular those of interest to developing countries;", "28. Reiterates its call for an appropriate pace of effective trade liberalization, including in areas currently under negotiation in the World Trade Organization; the fulfilment of commitments to address implementation-related issues and concerns; the review of special and differential treatment provisions, with a view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational; the avoidance of new forms of protectionism; and capacity-building and technical assistance for developing countries as important issues in making progress towards the effective implementation of the right to development;", "29. Recognizes the important link between the international economic, commercial and financial spheres and the realization of the right to development, stresses, in this regard, the need for good governance and for broadening the base of decision-making at the international level on development-related issues, as well as the need to fill organizational gaps and to strengthen the United Nations system and other multilateral institutions, and also stresses the need to broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries and countries with economies in transition in international economic decision-making and norm-setting;", "30. Also recognizes that good governance and the rule of law at the national level assist all States in the promotion and protection of human rights, including the right to development, and agrees on the important ongoing efforts of States to identify and strengthen good governance practices, including transparent, accountable, accountable and participatory governance, that are responsive and appropriate to their needs and aspirations, including in the context of agreed development, capacity-building and technical assistance partnership approaches;", "31. Further recognizes the important role and the rights of women and the application of a gender perspective as a cross-cutting issue in the process of implementing the right to development, and notes in particular the positive relationship between women ' s education and their equal participation in the civil, cultural, economic, political and social activities of the community and the promotion of the right to development;", "32. Stresses the need for boys and girls to be treated as such and for the integration of the rights of the child in all policies and programmes to ensure the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, especially in areas relating to health, education and the full development of the capacities of the child;", "33. Recalls the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS, adopted at the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS on 10 June 2011, [17] stresses the need for further measures at the national and international levels to combat HIV and AIDS and other communicable diseases, taking into account ongoing efforts and programmes, and reiterates the need for international assistance in this regard;", "34. Welcomes the political declaration adopted on 19 September 2011 at the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases,[18] which places particular emphasis on development and other challenges and social and economic impacts, in particular for developing countries;", "35. Recalls the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which entered into force on 3 May 2008, and stresses the need to take into account the rights of persons with disabilities and the need for international cooperation to support national efforts in the implementation of the right to development;", "36. Stresses its commitment to indigenous peoples in the process of the implementation of the right to development, and reaffirms its commitment to promote their rights in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security, in accordance with recognized international human rights obligations, taking into account, as appropriate, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007;", "37. Recognizes the need for strong partnerships with civil society organizations and the private sector for poverty eradication and development, as well as for corporate social responsibility;", "38. Emphasizes the urgent need for the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption[,] 20] The principles, in particular chapter V thereof, to take effective measures to prevent, combat and criminalize all forms of corruption at all levels in order to prevent, detect and deter in a more effective manner international transfers of illicitly acquired property and to strengthen international cooperation in property recovery, and stresses the importance of a genuine political commitment by Governments to establish a sound legal framework, and in this regard urges States to sign and ratify the Convention as soon as possible and States parties to implement it effectively;", "39. Also emphasizes the need to strengthen further the activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the promotion and realization of the right to development, including ensuring effective use of the financial and human resources necessary to fulfil its mandate, and calls upon the Secretary-General to provide the Office of the High Commissioner with the necessary resources;", "40. Reiterates its request to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in mainstreaming the right to development, to undertake effectively activities aimed at strengthening the global partnership for development between Member States, development agencies and the international development, financial and trade institutions, and to reflect those activities in detail in her next report to the Human Rights Council;", "41. Reiterates its request to the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development in 2011, in consultation with States Members of the United Nations and other relevant stakeholders;", "42. Calls upon the United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies to mainstream the right to development in their operational programmes and objectives, and stresses the need for the international financial and multilateral trading systems to mainstream the right to development in their policies and objectives;", "43. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs and bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes, international development and financial institutions, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non-governmental organizations;", "44. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and an interim report to the Human Rights Council on the implementation of the present resolution, including efforts undertaken at the national, regional and international levels in the promotion and implementation of the right to development, and invites the Chairperson-Rapporteur of the Working Group to present an oral update to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[4] See resolution 55/2.", "[5] See TD/442 and Corr.1 and 2.", "[6] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[7] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 3 (E/1998/23), chap. II, sect.", "[8] A/HRC/15/23.", "[9] A/HRC/15/24.", "[10] A/57/304, annex.", "[11] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. III, sect.", "[12] Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[13] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/63/53/Add.1), chap. I.", "[14] See A/HRC/15/23, paras. 41-47.", "[15] See A/HRC/15/WG.2/TF/2 and Add.1 and 2.", "[16] See E/CN.4/2002/28/Rev.1, sect. VIII.A.", "[17] Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[18] Resolution 66/2, annex.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[20] Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/156. 人权与单方面胁迫性措施", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于这个议题的各项决议，最近的一项是2010年12月21日第65/217号决议，以及人权理事会2010年10月1日第15/24号决议[1] 和2011年9月30日第18/120号决定[2] 以及人权理事会和人权委员会以往相关决议，", "重申大会1974年12月12日第3281(XXIX)号决议宣布的《各国经济权利和义务宪章》所载的有关原则和规定，特别是第三十二条，其中宣布，任何国家不得使用或鼓励使用经济、政治或任何其他措施来胁迫另一国家，使其在行使主权权利时有所屈从，", "表示注意到秘书长根据大会第65/217号决议提出的报告，[3] 并回顾秘书长关于大会1997年12月12日第52/120号[4] 和2000年12月4日第55/110号决议执行情况的报告，[5]", "强调指出单方面胁迫性措施和立法违背国际法、国际人道主义法、《联合国宪章》和指导国家间和平关系的规范和原则，", "确认所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存和相互关联的，在这方面重申发展权是所有人权的组成部分，", "回顾2011年5月23日至27日在印度尼西亚巴厘举行的第十六次不结盟国家运动部长级会议和纪念会议通过的《最后文件》、[6] 2009年7月11日至16日在埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的不结盟国家运动国家元首和政府首脑第十五次会议的《最后文件》[7] 以及以前各次首脑会议和大型会议通过的最后文件，不结盟运动各成员国在这些文件中商定响应大会和联合国其他机关的呼吁，反对和谴责这些措施或法律及其继续运用，坚持努力有效地扭转这种措施和法律，敦促其他国家也这样做，并要求实施这些措施或法律的国家立即全面予以废止，", "又回顾1993年6月14日至25日在维也纳举行的世界人权会议呼吁各国避免采取任何不符合国际法和《宪章》的单方面措施，因为这种措施阻碍国家间贸易关系，妨碍充分落实所有人权，[8] 并严重威胁贸易自由，", "考虑到1995年3月12日社会发展问题世界首脑会议通过的《社会发展问题哥本哈根宣言》、[9] 1995年9月15日第四次妇女问题世界会议通过的《北京宣言和行动纲要》[10] 和1996年6月14日第二次联合国人类住区会议(人居二)通过的《人类住区伊斯坦布尔宣言和人居议程》[11] 及它们的五年期审查中所有涉及此问题的内容，", "表示关切单方面胁迫性措施对国际关系、贸易、投资与合作的不利影响，", "表示严重关切不符合国际法和《宪章》的单方面胁迫性措施使一些国家的儿童状况受到不利影响，这种措施阻碍国家间贸易关系，妨碍充分实现社会和经济发展，损害受影响国家人民的福祉，尤其是对妇女和儿童，包括青少年、老年人和残疾人造成后果，", "深为关切尽管大会、人权理事会、人权委员会和联合国最近各次主要会议就此问题通过了各项建议，单方面胁迫性措施仍在违反一般国际法和《宪章》的情况下继续得以颁布和实施，对发展中国家的社会人道主义活动以及经济和社会发展造成种种不利影响，包括产生域外影响，由此制造了更多障碍，妨碍其他国家管辖下的人民和个人充分享受所有人权，", "考虑到任何胁迫性质的单方面立法、行政和经济措施、政策和做法对发展中国家发展进程和增进人权工作产生的阻碍充分落实所有人权的种种域外影响，", "重申单方面胁迫性措施是执行《发展权利宣言》[12] 的一个重大障碍，", "回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》[13] 和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》¹³ 的共同第一条第二款，其中除其他外规定，在任何情况下都不得剥夺一国人民的自身生存手段，", "注意到人权理事会发展权利问题不限成员名额工作组继续作出努力，并特别重申其衡量标准，据此标准，单方面胁迫性措施是执行《发展权利宣言》的障碍之一，", "1. 敦促所有国家停止采取或执行任何不符合国际法、国际人道主义法、《联合国宪章》以及指导国家间和平关系的规范和原则的单方面措施，特别是造成种种域外影响的胁迫性措施，因为这种措施阻碍国家间贸易关系，因此妨碍充分落实《世界人权宣言》[14] 和其他国际人权文书所述的权利，尤其是个人和人民的发展权利；", "2. 又敦促所有国家不要采取任何不符合国际法和《宪章》的单方面措施，因为这种措施妨碍受影响国家人民特别是儿童和妇女充分实现经济和社会发展，损害他们的福祉，阻碍他们充分享有人权，包括人人享有足以维持健康与福祉的生活水准的权利以及获得食物、医疗保健、教育和必要社会服务的权利，并确保不以食物和药品作为施加政治压力的手段；", "3. 强烈反对那些对国家主权也构成威胁的措施的域外性质，在这方面吁请所有会员国既不承认也不运用这些措施，并酌情采取行政或立法措施，抵制域外运用单方面胁迫性措施，或抵消这些措施的域外影响；", "4. 谴责某些国家持续单方面运用和执行单方面胁迫性措施，反对以这些措施及其种种域外影响为手段，对任何国家，尤其是对发展中国家施加政治或经济压力，以阻止这些国家行使根据其自由意志决定本国政治、经济和社会制度的权利，因为这些措施具有不利影响，妨碍这些国家的广大人民特别是儿童、妇女、老年人和残疾人实现所有人权；", "5. 重申食物和药品等必需品不应被用作政治胁迫的手段，而且人民的自身生存和发展手段在任何情况下均不应被剥夺；", "6. 吁请已采取这种措施的会员国遵守国际法原则、《宪章》、联合国和世界会议各项宣言和相关决议，履行其作为相关国际人权文书缔约国应尽的义务和责任，尽早撤销这些措施；", "7. 在这方面重申所有人民的自决权利，而根据该项权利，他们可自由决定其政治地位和自由谋求其经济、社会和文化发展；", "8. 回顾根据大会1970年10月24日第2625(XXV)号决议附件所载《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系和合作的国际法原则宣言》以及大会第3281(XXIX)号决议宣布的《各国经济权利和义务宪章》所载的相关原则和规定，特别是其中第三十二条，任何国家均不得使用或鼓励使用经济、政治或任何其他措施来胁迫另一国家，使其在行使主权权利时有所屈从，并自该国取得任何利益；", "9. 反对实行单方面胁迫性措施的所有企图，促请人权理事会在开展关于落实发展权的工作时，充分考虑到这些措施的不利影响，包括因颁布不符合国际法的国内立法并在域外运用这些法律而产生的不利影响；", "10. 请联合国人权事务高级专员在履行其促进、落实和保护发展权利的职责时，考虑到单方面胁迫性措施对发展中国家人民的持续影响，在其向大会提交的年度报告中优先注意本决议；", "11. 着重指出单方面胁迫性措施是执行《发展权利宣言》¹² 的重大障碍之一，在这方面吁请所有国家避免单方面实施经济胁迫性措施和在域外运用国内法，因为正如人权理事会发展权利工作组所确认的那样，这些做法违背自由贸易原则并阻碍发展中国家的发展；", "12. 确认2003年12月10日至12日在日内瓦举行的信息社会世界首脑会议第一阶段通过的《原则宣言》[15] 强烈敦促各国在建设信息社会过程中避免和不采取任何不符合国际法和《联合国宪章》的单方面措施；", "13. 重申支持人权理事会邀请理事会的经济、社会和文化权利领域所有特别报告员和现有专题机制在其各自任务范围内对单方面胁迫性措施的不利影响和后果给予应有的注意；", "14. 重申人权理事会请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处编写关于单方面胁迫性措施对人权享受的影响问题的专题研究报告，包括参考以前各次报告、决议和联合国系统所掌握此方面相关信息，提出旨在终止此类措施的行动建议，并向理事会第十九届会议提交该报告；", "15. 请秘书长提请所有会员国注意本决议，继续收集它们关于单方面胁迫性措施对它们国内人民产生的影响和不良后果的意见和资料，并向大会第六十七届会议提交一份分析报告，同时再次重申有必要着重说明这方面的切实预防措施；", "16. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“人权问题，包括增进人权和基本自由的切实享受的各种途径”的分项下优先审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53A号》(A/65/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[2] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第三章。", "[3] A/66/272。", "[4] A/53/293和Add.1。", "[5] A/56/207和Add.1。", "[6] A/65/896-S/2011/407，附件一。", "[7] A/63/965-S/2009/514，附件。", "[8] 见A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[9] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[10] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[11] 《联合国人类住区会议(人居二)的报告，1996年6月3日至14日，伊斯坦布尔》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.97.IV.6)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[12] 第41/128号决议，附件。", "[13] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[14] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[15] A/C.2/59/3，附件，第一章，A节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/156. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all its previous resolutions on this subject, the most recent of which was resolution 65/217 of 21 December 2010, and Human Rights Council resolution 15/24 of 1 October 2010[1] and decision 18/120 of 30 September 2011,[2] as well as previous resolutions of the Council and the Commission on Human Rights,", "Reaffirming the pertinent principles and provisions contained in the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974, in particular article 32 thereof, in which it declared that no State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary‑General submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/217,[3] and recalling the reports of the Secretary‑General on the implementation of Assembly resolutions 52/120 of 12 December 1997[4] and 55/110 of 4 December 2000,[5]", "Stressing that unilateral coercive measures and legislation are contrary to international law, international humanitarian law, the Charter of the United Nations and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among States,", "Recognizing the universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated character of all human rights, and in this regard reaffirming the right to development as an integral part of all human rights,", "Recalling the Final Document of the Sixteenth Ministerial Conference and Commemorative Meeting of the Movement of Non‑Aligned Countries, held in Bali, Indonesia, from 23 to 27 May 2011,[6] the Final Document of the Fifteenth Summit Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non‑Aligned Countries, held in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, from 11 to 16 July 2009,[7] and those adopted at previous summits and conferences, in which States members of the Movement agreed to oppose and condemn those measures or laws and their continued application, persevere with efforts to effectively reverse them and urge other States to do likewise, as called for by the General Assembly and other United Nations organs, and request States applying those measures or laws to revoke them fully and immediately,", "Recalling also that, at the World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993, States were called upon to refrain from any unilateral measure not in accordance with international law and the Charter that creates obstacles to trade relations among States and impedes the full realization of all human rights[8] and also severely threatens the freedom of trade,", "Bearing in mind all the references to this question in the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development adopted by the World Summit for Social Development on 12 March 1995,[9] the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women on 15 September 1995,[10] the Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements and the Habitat Agenda adopted by the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) on 14 June 1996,[11] and their five‑year reviews,", "Expressing concern about the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on international relations, trade, investment and cooperation,", "Expressing grave concern that, in some countries, the situation of children is adversely affected by unilateral coercive measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter that create obstacles to trade relations among States, impede the full realization of social and economic development and hinder the well‑being of the population in the affected countries, with particular consequences for women, children, including adolescents, the elderly and persons with disabilities,", "Deeply concerned that, despite the recommendations adopted on this question by the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council, the Commission on Human Rights and recent major United Nations conferences, and contrary to general international law and the Charter, unilateral coercive measures continue to be promulgated and implemented, with all their negative implications for the social humanitarian activities and economic and social development of developing countries, including their extraterritorial effects, thereby creating additional obstacles to the full enjoyment of all human rights by peoples and individuals under the jurisdiction of other States,", "Bearing in mind all the extraterritorial effects of any unilateral legislative, administrative and economic measures, policies and practices of a coercive nature against the development process and the enhancement of human rights in developing countries, which create obstacles to the full realization of all human rights,", "Reaffirming that unilateral coercive measures are a major obstacle to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,[12]", "Recalling article 1, paragraph 2, common to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[13] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,¹³ which provides, inter alia, that in no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence,", "Noting the continuing efforts of the open‑ended Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council, and reaffirming in particular its criteria, according to which unilateral coercive measures are one of the obstacles to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,", "1. Urges all States to cease adopting or implementing any unilateral measures not in accordance with international law, international humanitarian law, the Charter of the United Nations and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among States, in particular those of a coercive nature, with all their extraterritorial effects, which create obstacles to trade relations among States, thus impeding the full realization of the rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[14] and other international human rights instruments, in particular the right of individuals and peoples to development;", "2. Also urges all States not to adopt any unilateral measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter that impede the full achievement of economic and social development by the population of the affected countries, in particular children and women, that hinder their well‑being and that create obstacles to the full enjoyment of their human rights, including the right of everyone to a standard of living adequate for his or her health and well‑being and his or her right to food, medical care and education and the necessary social services, as well as to ensure that food and medicine are not used as tools for political pressure;", "3. Strongly objects to the extraterritorial nature of those measures which, in addition, threaten the sovereignty of States, and in this context calls upon all Member States neither to recognize those measures nor to apply them, as well as to take administrative or legislative measures, as appropriate, to counteract the extraterritorial applications or effects of unilateral coercive measures;", "4. Condemns the continuing unilateral application and enforcement by certain Powers of unilateral coercive measures, and rejects those measures, with all their extraterritorial effects, as being tools for political or economic pressure against any country, in particular against developing countries, adopted with a view to preventing those countries from exercising their right to decide, of their own free will, their own political, economic and social systems, and because of the negative effects of those measures on the realization of all the human rights of vast sectors of their populations, in particular children, women, the elderly and persons with disabilities;", "5. Reaffirms that essential goods such as food and medicines should not be used as tools for political coercion and that under no circumstances should people be deprived of their own means of subsistence and development;", "6. Calls upon Member States that have initiated such measures to abide by the principles of international law, the Charter, the declarations of the United Nations and world conferences and relevant resolutions and to commit themselves to their obligations and responsibilities arising from the international human rights instruments to which they are parties by revoking such measures at the earliest possible time;", "7. Reaffirms, in this context, the right of all peoples to self‑determination, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development;", "8. Recalls that, according to the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, and the relevant principles and provisions contained in the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States proclaimed by the Assembly in its resolution 3281 (XXIX), in particular article 32 thereof, no State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind;", "9. Rejects all attempts to introduce unilateral coercive measures, and urges the Human Rights Council to take fully into account the negative impact of those measures, including through the enactment of national laws and their extraterritorial application which are not in conformity with international law, in its task concerning the implementation of the right to development;", "10. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in discharging her functions relating to the promotion, realization and protection of the right to development and bearing in mind the continuing impact of unilateral coercive measures on the population of developing countries, to give priority to the present resolution in her annual report to the General Assembly;", "11. Underlines the fact that unilateral coercive measures are one of the major obstacles to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,¹² and in this regard calls upon all States to avoid the unilateral imposition of economic coercive measures and the extraterritorial application of domestic laws that run counter to the principles of free trade and hamper the development of developing countries, as recognized by the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council;", "12. Recognizes that, in the Declaration of Principles adopted at the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, held in Geneva from 10 to 12 December 2003,[15] States were strongly urged to avoid and refrain from any unilateral measure not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations in building the information society;", "13. Reiterates its support for the invitation of the Human Rights Council to all special rapporteurs and existing thematic mechanisms of the Council in the field of economic, social and cultural rights to pay due attention, within the scope of their respective mandates, to the negative impact and consequences of unilateral coercive measures;", "14. Reaffirms the request of the Human Rights Council that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights prepare a thematic study on the impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights, including recommendations on actions aimed at ending such measures, taking into account all previous reports, resolutions and relevant information available to the United Nations system in this regard, to be submitted to the Council at its nineteenth session;", "15. Requests the Secretary‑General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States, to continue to collect their views and information on the implications and negative effects of unilateral coercive measures on their populations and to submit an analytical report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session, while reiterating once again the need to highlight the practical and preventive measures in this respect;", "16. Decides to examine the question on a priority basis at its sixty‑seventh session under the sub‑item entitled “Human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[2]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. III.", "[3]  A/66/272.", "[4]  A/53/293 and Add.1.", "[5]  A/56/207 and Add.1.", "[6]  A/65/896‑S/2011/407, annex I.", "[7]  A/63/965‑S/2009/514, annex.", "[8]  See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[9]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[10]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[11]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), Istanbul, 3–14 June 1996 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.IV.6), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[12]  Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[13]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[14]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[15]  A/C.2/59/3, annex, chap. I, sect. A." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/156. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, the most recent of which was resolution 65/217 of 21 December 2010, as well as Human Rights Council resolutions 15/24 of 1 October 2010 and decision 18/120 of 30 September 2011, and previous relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council and the Commission on Human Rights,", "Reaffirming the relevant principles and provisions contained in the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974, in particular article 32 thereof, in which it declared that no State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/217, and recalling the reports of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Assembly resolutions 52/120 of 12 December 1997 and 55/110 of 4 December 2000,", "Stressing that unilateral coercive measures and legislation are contrary to international law, international humanitarian law, the Charter of the United Nations and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among States,", "Recognizing the universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated character of all human rights, and in this regard reaffirming the right to development as an integral part of all human rights,", "Recalling the Final Document of the Sixteenth Ministerial Conference and Commemorative Meeting of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Bali, Indonesia, from 23 to 27 May 2011,[6] the Final Document of the Fifteenth Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from 11 to 16 July 2009, and the final documents of previous summits and conferences, in which the States members of the Movement agreed to oppose and condemn those measures or laws and their continued application, persevere in their efforts to effectively reverse them and urge other States to do likewise, as called for by the General Assembly and other United Nations organs, and call upon States applying those measures or laws to repeal them fully and immediately,", "Recalling also that the World Conference on Human Rights, held at Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993, called upon States to refrain from any unilateral measure not in accordance with international law and the Charter that creates obstacles to trade relations among States and impedes the full realization of all human rights,[8] and severely threatens the freedom of trade,", "Taking into account the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development, adopted by the World Summit for Social Development on 12 March 1995, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women on 15 September 1995, the Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements and the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) on 14 June 1996, and all their five-year reviews,", "Expressing concern about the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on international relations, trade, investment and cooperation,", "Expressing grave concern that, in some countries, the situation of children is adversely affected by unilateral coercive measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter that create obstacles to trade relations among States, impede the full realization of social and economic development and hinder the well-being of the population of the affected countries, with particular consequences for women and children, including adolescents, older persons and persons with disabilities,", "Deeply concerned that, despite the recommendations adopted on this question by the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council, the Commission on Human Rights and recent major United Nations conferences, unilateral coercive measures continue to be promulgated and implemented in violation of general international law and the Charter, with all their negative implications for the social-humanitarian activities and economic and social development of developing countries, including their extraterritorial effects, thereby creating additional obstacles to the full enjoyment of all human rights by peoples and individuals under the jurisdiction of other States,", "Considering the extraterritorial effects of any unilateral legislative, administrative and economic measures, policies and practices of a coercive nature against the development process and the promotion of human rights in developing countries, which create obstacles to the full realization of all human rights,", "Reaffirming that unilateral coercive measures are a major obstacle to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development [12],", "Recalling article 1, paragraph 2, common to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,13 which provides, inter alia, that in no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence,", "Noting the continuing efforts of the Open-ended Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council, and reaffirming in particular its criteria according to which unilateral coercive measures are one of the obstacles to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,", "Urges all States to cease adopting or implementing any unilateral measures not in accordance with international law, international humanitarian law, the Charter of the United Nations and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among States, in particular those of a coercive nature with all their extraterritorial effects, which create obstacles to trade relations among States and therefore impede the full realization of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [. 14] The rights set forth in other international human rights instruments, in particular the right of individuals and peoples to development;", "Also urges all States not to adopt any unilateral measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter that impede the full achievement of economic and social development by the population of the affected countries, in particular children and women, that hinder their well-being and that create obstacles to the full enjoyment of their human rights, including the right of everyone to a standard of living adequate for his or her health and well-being and his or her right to food, medical care, education and the necessary social services, and to ensure that food and medicine are not used as tools for political pressure;", "3. Strongly objects to the extraterritorial nature of measures that also threaten the sovereignty of States, and in this regard calls upon all Member States neither to recognize those measures nor to apply them, and to take administrative or legislative measures, as appropriate, to counteract the extraterritorial application or effects of unilateral coercive measures;", "4. Condemns the continuing unilateral application and enforcement by certain States of unilateral coercive measures, and rejects those measures and their extraterritorial effects as tools for political or economic pressure against any country, in particular against developing countries, to prevent those countries from exercising their right to determine, of their own free will, their own political, economic and social systems, and because of the negative effects of those measures on the realization of all human rights by vast sectors of their populations, in particular children, women, the elderly and persons with disabilities;", "5. Reaffirms that essential goods such as food and medicines should not be used as tools for political coercion and that under no circumstances should people be deprived of their own means of subsistence and development;", "6. Calls upon Member States that have initiated such measures to abide by the principles of international law, the Charter, the declarations of the United Nations and world conferences and relevant resolutions and to commit themselves to their obligations and responsibilities arising from the relevant international human rights instruments to which they are party by revoking such measures at the earliest possible time;", "Reaffirms, in this context, the right of all peoples to self-determination, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development;", "8. Recalls that, according to the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, and the relevant principles and provisions contained in the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States proclaimed by the Assembly in its resolution 3281 (XXIX), in particular article 32 thereof, no State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind;", "9. Rejects all attempts to introduce unilateral coercive measures, and urges the Human Rights Council to take fully into account the negative impact of those measures, including through the enactment and extraterritorial application of domestic legislation not in accordance with international law, in its task concerning the implementation of the right to development;", "10. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in discharging her functions relating to the promotion, realization and protection of the right to development and bearing in mind the continuing impact of unilateral coercive measures on the population of developing countries, to give priority to the present resolution in her annual report to the General Assembly;", "Stresses that unilateral coercive measures are one of the major obstacles to the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,12 and in this regard calls upon all States to avoid the unilateral imposition of economic coercive measures and the extraterritorial application of domestic laws, which run counter to the principles of free trade and hamper the development of developing countries, as recognized by the Working Group on the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council;", "12. Recognizes that the Declaration of Principles adopted at the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, held in Geneva from 10 to 12 December 2003, [15] strongly urges States to avoid and refrain from any unilateral measure not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations in building the information society;", "13. Reiterates its support for the invitation of the Human Rights Council to all special rapporteurs and existing thematic mechanisms of the Council in the field of economic, social and cultural rights to pay due attention, within their respective mandates, to the negative impact and consequences of unilateral coercive measures;", "14. Reaffirms the request of the Human Rights Council to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to prepare a thematic study on the impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights, including recommendations for action to end such measures, taking into account previous reports, resolutions and relevant information available to the United Nations system in this regard, and to submit the report to the Council at its nineteenth session;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States, to continue to collect their views and information on the implications and negative effects of unilateral coercive measures on their populations and to submit an analytical report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, while reiterating once again the need to highlight the practical and preventive measures in this regard;", "Decides to consider the question on a priority basis at its sixty-seventh session under the sub-item entitled “Human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[2] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap. III.", "[3] A/66/272.", "[4] A/53/293 and Add.1.", "[5] A/56/207 and Add.1.", "[6] A/65/896-S/2011/407, annex I.", "[7] A/63/965-S/2009/514, annex.", "[8] See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[9] Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[10] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[11] Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), Istanbul, 3-14 June 1996 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.IV.6), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[12] Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[13] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[14] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[15] A/C.2/59/3, annex, chap. I, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/157. 促进国际合作并重视非选择性、公正性和客观性以加强联合国在人权领域的行动", "大会，", "铭记联合国的宗旨包括发展国际间以尊重人民平等权利和自决原则为基础的友好关系，采取其他适当措施增强普遍和平，以及促成国际合作以解决属于经济、社会、文化或人道主义性质的国际问题，而且在不分种族、性别、语言或宗教的情况下促进并鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，", "希望进一步发展国际合作，促进和鼓励尊重人权和基本自由，", "考虑到这种国际合作应以国际法，特别是《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》、[1] 两项国际人权公约[2] 和其他相关文书所载的原则为基础，", "深信联合国在人权领域采取行动时，不仅应对所有社会的各种问题有深刻了解，还应充分尊重每个社会的政治、经济和社会现实，严格遵守《宪章》的宗旨和原则，并恪守通过国际合作促进和鼓励尊重人权和基本自由的基本宗旨，", "回顾其以往这方面的各项决议，", "重申必须如世界人权会议1993年6月25日通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》[3] 所申明的，确保人权问题的审议工作具有普遍性、客观性和非选择性，而且必须消除双重标准，", "又重申负责各个专题和国家的特别报告员和代表以及各工作组的成员在执行任务时必须客观、独立、公正和审慎，", "着重指出各国政府有义务促进和保护人权，并履行本国根据国际法，特别是《宪章》以及人权领域各项国际文书所承担的责任，", "1. 重申根据《联合国宪章》所揭示的人民平等权利和自决原则，所有人民都有权在不受外来干涉的情况下，自由决定其政治地位及从事其经济、社会和文化发展，每个国家都有义务在《宪章》各项规定范围内尊重这一权利，包括尊重领土完整；", "2. 重申促进和鼓励尊重人权和基本自由并对不论何处发生的侵犯人权行为随时保持警惕，是联合国的一项宗旨，也是所有会员国与联合国合作执行的任务；", "3. 吁请所有会员国以《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》、¹ 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、² 《公民及政治权利国际公约》² 及其他相关国际文书为依据，开展其促进和保护人权的活动，包括在这一领域发展进一步的国际合作，并且避免从事任何不符合这一国际框架的活动；", "4. 认为这一领域的国际合作应具有实效，切实有助于履行防止大规模公然侵犯所有人人权和基本自由的迫切任务，并有助于加强国际和平与安全；", "5. 重申作为国际社会理应关切的事项，在促进、保护和充分落实所有人的所有人权和基本自由时，应以非选择性、公正性和客观性为指导原则，不应将此用于政治目的；", "6. 请联合国系统内所有人权机构以及特别报告员和代表、独立专家和工作组在履行任务时，适当考虑到本决议的内容；", "7. 表示深信对人权问题采取不偏袒和公平的态度，有助于促进国际合作以及切实促进、保护和实现人权和基本自由；", "8. 强调指出在这方面不断需要关于所有国家政治、经济和社会状况及事件的公正、客观资料；", "9. 邀请会员国在本国法律制度范围内，依照国际法，特别是《宪章》及国际人权文书为其规定的义务，考虑酌情采取其认为适当的措施，以便进一步发展国际合作，促进和鼓励尊重人权和基本自由；", "10. 请人权理事会继续适当考虑本决议，并考虑关于促进国际合作并重视非选择性、公正性和客观性等原则，包括在普遍定期审议范围内这样做，以加强联合国人权领域行动的进一步建议；", "11. 请秘书长向会员国、政府间组织和非政府组织进一步征求切实可行的建议和意见，此种建议和意见应有助于在非选择性、公正性和客观性原则的基础上促进国际合作，以加强联合国在人权领域的行动，并请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交关于这个问题的全面报告；", "12. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下审议这一事项。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/157. Strengthening United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation and the importance of non‑selectivity, impartiality and objectivity", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind that among the purposes of the United Nations are those of developing friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self‑determination of peoples and taking other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace, as well as achieving international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,", "Desirous of achieving further progress in international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Considering that such international cooperation should be based on the principles embodied in international law, especially the Charter of the United Nations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] the International Covenants on Human Rights[2] and other relevant instruments,", "Deeply convinced that United Nations action in the field of human rights should be based not only on a profound understanding of the broad range of problems existing in all societies but also on full respect for the political, economic and social realities of each of them, in strict compliance with the purposes and principles of the Charter and for the basic purpose of promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through international cooperation,", "Recalling its previous resolutions in this regard,", "Reaffirming the importance of ensuring the universality, objectivity and non‑selectivity of the consideration of human rights issues, as affirmed in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993,[3] and the elimination of double standards,", "Reaffirming also the importance of the objectivity, independence, impartiality and discretion of the special rapporteurs and representatives on thematic issues and on countries, as well as of the members of the working groups, in carrying out their mandates,", "Underlining the obligation that Governments have to promote and protect human rights and to carry out the responsibilities that they have undertaken under international law, especially the Charter, as well as various international instruments in the field of human rights,", "1. Reiterates that, by virtue of the principle of equal rights and self‑determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and that every State has the duty to respect that right within the provisions of the Charter, including respect for territorial integrity;", "2. Reaffirms that it is a purpose of the United Nations and the task of all Member States, in cooperation with the Organization, to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to remain vigilant with regard to violations of human rights wherever they occur;", "3. Calls upon all Member States to base their activities for the promotion and protection of human rights, including the development of further international cooperation in this field, on the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,¹ the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,² the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights² and other relevant international instruments, and to refrain from activities that are inconsistent with that international framework;", "4. Considers that international cooperation in this field should make an effective and practical contribution to the urgent task of preventing mass and flagrant violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and to the strengthening of international peace and security;", "5. Reaffirms that the promotion, protection and full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, as a legitimate concern of the world community, should be guided by the principles of non‑selectivity, impartiality and objectivity and should not be used for political ends;", "6. Requests all human rights bodies within the United Nations system, as well as the special rapporteurs and representatives, independent experts and working groups, to take duly into account the contents of the present resolution in carrying out their mandates;", "7. Expresses its conviction that an unbiased and fair approach to human rights issues contributes to the promotion of international cooperation as well as to the effective promotion, protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "8. Stresses, in this context, the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political, economic and social situations and events of all countries;", "9. Invites Member States to consider adopting, as appropriate, within the framework of their respective legal systems and in accordance with their obligations under international law, especially the Charter, and international human rights instruments, the measures that they may deem appropriate to achieve further progress in international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "10. Requests the Human Rights Council to continue taking duly into account the present resolution and to consider further proposals for the strengthening of United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation and the importance of the principles of non‑selectivity, impartiality and objectivity, including in the context of the universal periodic review;", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to invite Member States and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations to present further practical proposals and ideas that would contribute to the strengthening of United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation based on the principles of non‑selectivity, impartiality and objectivity, and to submit a comprehensive report on the question to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session;", "12. Decides to consider the matter at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/157. Strengthening United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation and the importance of non-selectivity, impartiality and objectivity", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind that among the purposes of the United Nations are those of developing friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, taking other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace and achieving international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,", "Desirous of achieving further progress in international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Considering that such international cooperation should be based on the principles embodied in international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights and other relevant instruments,", "Convinced that United Nations action in the field of human rights should be based not only on a profound understanding of the broad range of problems existing in all societies but also on full respect for the political, economic and social realities of each society, in strict compliance with the purposes and principles of the Charter and for the basic purpose of promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through international cooperation,", "Recalling its previous resolutions in this regard,", "Reaffirming the importance of ensuring the universality, objectivity and non-selectivity of the consideration of human rights issues and the elimination of double standards, as affirmed in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993,", "Reaffirming also the importance of the objectivity, independence, impartiality and discretion of the special rapporteurs and representatives on thematic issues and countries, as well as of the members of the working groups, in carrying out their mandates,", "Underlining the obligation that Governments have to promote and protect human rights and to carry out the responsibilities that they have undertaken under international law, in particular the Charter, as well as various international instruments in the field of human rights,", "Reaffirms that, by virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and that every State has the duty to respect this right within the provisions of the Charter, including respect for territorial integrity;", "Reaffirms that it is a purpose of the United Nations and the task of all Member States, in cooperation with the Organization, to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to remain vigilant with regard to violations of human rights wherever they occur;", "3. Calls upon all Member States to use the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,2 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 (a) To base its activities for the promotion and protection of human rights on other relevant international instruments, including the development of further international cooperation in this field, and to refrain from any activities that are inconsistent with this international framework;", "4. Considers that international cooperation in this field should make an effective and practical contribution to the urgent task of preventing mass and flagrant violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and to the strengthening of international peace and security;", "Reaffirms that the promotion, protection and full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, as a legitimate concern of the international community, should be guided by the principles of non-selectivity, impartiality and objectivity and should not be used for political ends;", "Requests all human rights bodies within the United Nations system, as well as special rapporteurs and representatives, independent experts and working groups, to take duly into account the content of the present resolution in carrying out their mandates;", "7. Expresses its conviction that an unbiased and fair approach to human rights issues contributes to the promotion of international cooperation as well as to the effective promotion, protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "8. Stresses, in this context, the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political, economic and social conditions and events of all countries;", "9. Invites Member States, within the framework of their respective legal systems and in accordance with their obligations under international law, in particular the Charter, and international human rights instruments, to consider adopting such measures as they deem appropriate for the further development of international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "10. Requests the Human Rights Council to continue to give due consideration to the present resolution and to consider further proposals for the strengthening of United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation and the importance of the principles of non-selectivity, impartiality and objectivity, including in the context of the universal periodic review;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to seek further practical proposals and ideas from Member States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations that would contribute to the strengthening of United Nations action in the field of human rights through the promotion of international cooperation based on the principles of non-selectivity, impartiality and objectivity, and to submit a comprehensive report on the question to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session;", "Decides to consider the matter at its sixty-eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/158. 食物权", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》及其对促进和保护所有人的所有人权和基本自由的重要性，", "又重申以往就食物权问题在联合国框架内通过的各项决议和决定，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》，[1] 其中规定人人有权享受为维持自身健康和福利所需的生活水平，包括食物，并回顾《世界消灭饥饿和营养不良宣言》[2] 和《联合国千年宣言》，[3] 尤其是关于到2015年消除赤贫和饥饿的千年发展目标1，", "又回顾《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》[4] 的规定，其中承认人人都有免于饥饿的基本权利，", "铭记《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》[5] 以及2002年6月13日在罗马通过的《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后宣言》，[6]", "重申联合国粮食及农业组织理事会2004年11月通过的《支持在国家粮食安全范围内逐步实现充足食物权的自愿原则》[7] 内所载具体建议，", "又重申世界粮食安全首脑会议于2009年11月16日在罗马通过的《宣言》所载的可持续全球粮食安全罗马五项原则，[8]", "还重申一切人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存、相互关联的，必须以公正、平等的态度，在同等基础上，以同样的重视程度，全面加以对待，", "重申国家和国际各级的和平、稳定及有利的政治、社会和经济环境是使国家能够适当地优先关注粮食安全和消除贫穷工作的必要基础，", "重申如《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》及《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后宣言》中指出，不应以粮食作为施加政治或经济压力的手段，并在这方面重申国际合作和团结的重要性，以及必须避免采取不符合国际法和《联合国宪章》且危及粮食安全的单方面措施，", "深信每个国家都必须根据自身资源和能力采取战略，在落实《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》所载建议过程中实现本国的各项目标，同时必须开展区域和国际合作，以便在各机构、社会和经济体日益相互关联、各方必须协调努力并分担责任的世界中，筹划集体解决全球粮食安全问题的办法，", "认识到全球粮食危机性质复杂，有可能导致适足食物权遭到大规模侵犯，而这一危机是若干重大因素结合造成的，例如全球金融和经济危机、环境退化、荒漠化和全球气候变化影响、自然灾害以及许多国家尤其是发展中国家、最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家缺乏对付危机影响所需的适当技术、投资和能力建设，", "决心采取行动，确保国家、区域和国际各级在采取措施应对全球粮食危机时考虑到人权观点，", "表示深为关切近年来自然灾害、疾病和虫灾次数多，规模大，而且气候变化也带来不利影响，这些因素的影响日益趋重，已经造成重大的生命和生计损失，并威胁到农业生产和粮食安全，在发展中国家尤其如此，", "强调指出必须扭转农业专项官方发展援助的实际数额及其在官方发展援助总额中所占份额持续减少的趋势，", "确认保护和维持农业生物多样性对于保障粮食安全和所有人的食物权的重要性，", "又确认联合国粮食及农业组织作为联合国负责农村和农业发展工作的主要机构的作用，确认其为支持会员国努力充分落实食物权而开展的工作，包括为此向发展中国家提供技术援助以支持执行国家优先框架，", "表示注意到2006年3月10日在巴西阿雷格里港举行的联合国粮食及农业组织国际土地改革及农村发展会议通过的最后《宣言》，[9]", "确认秘书长设立的全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队，并支持秘书长继续在这方面作出努力，包括继续与会员国和人权理事会食物权问题特别报告员保持接触，", "1. 重申饥饿是对人类尊严的污辱和侵犯，因此必须在国家、区域和国际各级采取紧急措施消除饥饿；", "2. 又重申根据适足食物权和人人免于饥饿的基本权利，每个人都有权得到安全、充足和有营养的食物，从而能够充分发展和维持体能和智能；", "3. 认为不可容忍的是，据联合国儿童基金会估计，每年5岁以下死亡儿童中有三分之一以上是死于与饥饿有关的疾病，而且据联合国粮食及农业组织估计，全世界营养不足人数约达9.25亿，另据估计有10亿人严重营养不良，其中包括因全球粮食危机而出现营养问题者，但联合国粮食及农业组织指出，全地球可生产的粮食足以供养全世界每一个人；", "4. 表示关切世界粮食危机的影响尤其是在发展中国家继续给最贫穷和最脆弱的人口带来严重后果，此类后果又因世界金融和经济危机而进一步加剧，并且表示关切这一危机对许多粮食净进口国，尤其是对最不发达国家的特殊影响；", "5. 又表示关切太多妇女和女孩受到饥饿、粮食无保障和贫穷的影响，部分原因在于两性不平等和歧视，而且在许多国家，女孩死于营养不良和可预防的儿童疾病的可能性要比男孩高一倍，此外据估计，营养不良的妇女人数比男子高出近一倍；", "6. 鼓励所有国家采取行动，处理两性不平等和歧视妇女问题，特别是处理不平等和歧视导致妇女和女孩营养不良的问题，包括采取措施，确保充分、平等地落实食物权，并确保妇女有平等机会获得资源，包括收入、土地和水及其所有权以及在获得教育、科学和技术方面享有充分、平等的机会，使她们能够养活自己和家人；", "7. 鼓励人权理事会食物权问题特别报告员在执行任务时继续将两性平等观点纳入工作主流，并鼓励联合国粮食及农业组织以及处理食物权和粮食无保障问题的联合国所有其他机构和机制将两性平等观点纳入相关政策、方案和活动；", "8. 重申需要确保提供安全营养食物的方案将残疾人包括在内，并确保残疾人无障碍获得安全营养食物；", "9. 鼓励所有国家采取步骤，以逐步充分落实食物权，包括采取步骤改善条件，使人人免于饥饿，尽快充分享受食物权，并鼓励各国制定和实施反饥饿国家计划；", "10. 确认发展中国家和区域在粮食安全和农业生产发展促进充分落实食物权方面通过南南合作取得进展；", "11. 强调指出增加提供农村发展所需的生产资源和公共投资，是消除饥饿和贫穷，尤其是消除发展中国家的饥饿和贫穷所必不可少的，包括需为此而推动投资于适当的小型灌溉和水管理技术，以便减少受干旱影响的可能性；", "12. 认识到80%的挨饿者生活在农村地区，而50%的挨饿者是小农田拥有者；鉴于投入费用不断增加而农业收入减少，这些人特别容易陷入粮食无保障境地；对于贫穷生产者而言，获取土地、水、种子和其他自然资源是一个日益棘手的挑战；可持续、对性别问题有敏感认识的农业政策是促进土地和农业改革、农村信贷和保险、技术援助及其他相关措施从而实现粮食安全和农村发展的重要手段；国家为小农耕者、渔业社区和地方企业提供支持，包括帮助为其产品打开国内和国际销路，以及在价值链中为小生产者特别是妇女赋权，这是粮食安全和落实食物权的一个关键要素；", "13. 强调指出必须战胜农村地区的饥饿，途径包括各国在国际伙伴关系支持下努力遏止荒漠化和土地退化，以及订立具体针对干地风险的适当投资和公共政策；为此要求全面执行《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》；[10]", "14. 敦促尚未成为《生物多样性公约》[11] 缔约国的国家积极考虑成为该公约缔约国，并作为优先事项考虑成为《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》[12] 的缔约方；", "15. 回顾《联合国土著人民权利宣言》，[13] 确认许多土著人组织和土著民族代表已在不同论坛上表示深为关切土著人民在充分享受食物权方面所面临的障碍和挑战，吁请各国采取特别行动，消除造成土著人民饥饿和营养不良情况特别严重并导致他们不断遭受歧视的根源；", "16. 指出有必要进一步审查“粮食主权”等相关概念及其与粮食安全和食物权的关系，同时铭记需要避免对所有人随时都享有食物权产生任何不利影响；", "17. 请所有国家和私营行为体以及国际组织在各自任务范围内，充分考虑到需要促进切实落实所有人的食物权，包括在不同领域现有谈判中充分考虑到这一点；", "18. 确认需要根据受影响国家的请求并与它们合作，强化国家承诺和国际援助，争取全面落实和保护食物权，尤其是建立国家保护机制，保护因饥饿或出现影响享受食物权的人道主义紧急情况而被迫离开家园和土地的人民；", "19. 强调指出需要努力调集并优化分配和利用所有来源的技术和财政资源，包括减免发展中国家的外债，并加强国家行动以执行可持续的粮食安全政策；", "20. 呼吁世界贸易组织贸易谈判多哈回合尽早结束并成功取得侧重于发展的成果，以帮助创造国际条件，使食物权得以充分落实；", "21. 强调指出各国应全力确保其具有政治和经济性质的国际政策，包括国际贸易协定，不对其他国家的食物权产生消极影响；", "22. 回顾《采取行动战胜饥饿和贫穷纽约宣言》的重要性，并建议继续努力为消除饥饿和贫穷而发掘更多供资来源；", "23. 认识到1996年世界粮食首脑会议所作关于将营养不足人数减半的承诺并未实现，同时确认会员国在这方面作了各种努力，再次邀请所有国际金融和发展机构以及联合国相关机构和基金优先重视实现在2015年年底前将挨饿人口比例减半的目标，落实《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》⁵ 和《联合国千年宣言》³ 所载的食物权，并为此提供必要资金；", "24. 重申应将粮食支助和营养支助结合起来，使人人随时都能得到充足、安全和有营养的食物，满足其饮食需要和食物口味，促成活跃而健康的生活，这是为改善公共卫生，包括遏制艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病、疟疾和其他传染病蔓延而作的全面努力的一个部分；", "25. 敦促各国在发展战略和支出中适当优先重视落实食物权；", "26. 强调指出国际合作和发展援助的重要性，既可有效促进扩大和改善农业及其环境可持续性、粮食生产、作物和牲畜多样性培育项目以及社区种子库、农民田间学校和种子集市等机制创新之举，也可有效促进在与紧急情况有关的活动中提供人道主义粮食援助，以落实食物权和实现可持续粮食安全，同时确认每个国家都对确保执行这方面的国家方案和战略负有主要责任；", "27. 又强调指出世界贸易组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》[14] 缔约国应考虑以有助于粮食安全的方式实施《协定》，同时铭记会员国促进和保护食物权的义务；", "28. 吁请会员国、联合国系统和其他相关利益攸关方支持各国为快速应对目前在非洲各地尤其是在非洲之角出现的粮食危机而作出的努力，并表示深为关切资金短缺问题正迫使世界粮食计划署削减在包括南部非洲在内各区域的业务；", "29. 邀请包括世界银行和国际货币基金组织在内的所有相关国际组织继续促进对食物权有积极影响的政策和项目，确保各伙伴在执行共同项目过程中尊重食物权，支持会员国落实食物权战略，并避免任何可能会对实现食物权产生消极影响的行动；", "30. 表示赞赏地注意到特别报告员的临时报告；[15]", "31. 支持特别报告员完成经人权理事会2010年3月24日第13/4号决议[16] 续延的任务；", "32. 请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员为特别报告员有效执行任务提供一切必要的人力和财政资源；", "33. 欢迎经济、社会和文化权利委员会为促进适足食物权而开展的工作，特别是其关于适足食物权(《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》第11条)的第12(1999)号一般性意见，[17] 其中委员会除其他外申明，适足食物权与人的固有尊严密不可分，是落实《国际人权宪章》庄严申明的其他人权所必不可少的条件，也与社会正义密切关联，需要在国内和国际各级采取适当的经济、环境和社会政策，以消除贫穷和落实每个人的所有人权；", "34. 回顾经济、社会和文化权利委员会关于用水权(《公约》第11和12条)的第15(2002)号一般性意见，[18] 其中委员会除其他外指出，确保有可持续的水资源可供人们消费和农业使用对于落实适足食物权十分重要；", "35. 重申联合国粮食及农业组织理事会2004年11月通过的《支持在国家粮食安全范围内逐步实现充足食物权的自愿原则》⁷ 是促进落实人人享有食物权的一个切实可行的工具，有助于实现粮食安全，因而是推动实现国际商定发展目标，包括实现《联合国千年宣言》所载目标的又一个工具；", "36. 欢迎高级专员、委员会和特别报告员不断合作，并鼓励他们在这方面继续合作；", "37. 吁请各国政府与特别报告员合作并协助其执行任务，提供其所要求的一切必要资料，认真考虑积极回应其提出的访问要求，以便其更有效地执行任务；", "38. 请特别报告员就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出临时报告，并继续开展工作，包括在其现有任务规定范围内审查在落实食物权方面出现的新问题；", "39. 邀请各国政府、联合国相关机构及基金和方案、条约机构、民间社会行为体、非政府组织以及私营部门在特别报告员执行任务时给予充分合作，除其他外，就如何落实食物权提出意见和建议；", "40. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 《世界粮食会议的报告，1974年11月5日至16日，罗马》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.75.II.A.3)，第一章。", "[3] 见第55/2号决议。", "[4] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[5] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议报告，1996年11月13日至17日》(WFS 96/REP)，第一部分，附录。", "[6] A/57/499，附件。", "[7] E/CN.4/2005/131，附件。", "[8] 见联合国粮食及农业组织，WSFS 2009/2号文件。", "[9] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《国际土地改革及农村发展会议的报告，2006年3月7日至10日，巴西阿雷格里港》(C-2006/REP)，附录G。", "[10] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1954卷，第33480号。", "[11] 同上，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[12] 同上，第2400卷，第43345号。", "[13] 第61/295号决议，附件。", "[14] 见《体现多边贸易谈判乌拉圭回合各项结果的法律文书，1994年4月15日，马拉喀什》(关贸总协定秘书处出版物，出售品编号：GATT/1994-7)。", "[15] 见A/66/262。", "[16] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第二章，A节。", "[17] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2000年，补编第2号》和更正(E/2000/22和Corr.1)，附件五。", "[18] 同上，《2003年，补编第2号》(E/2003/22)，附件四。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/158. The right to food", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Charter of the United Nations and its importance for the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Reaffirming also all previous resolutions and decisions on the right to food adopted within the framework of the United Nations,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] which provides that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her or his health and well‑being, including food, the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition[2] and the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[3] in particular Millennium Development Goal 1 on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015,", "Recalling also the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,[4] in which the fundamental right of every person to be free from hunger is recognized,", "Bearing in mind the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action[5] and the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, adopted in Rome on 13 June 2002,[6]", "Reaffirming the concrete recommendations contained in the Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, adopted by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in November 2004,[7]", "Reaffirming also the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security contained in the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, adopted in Rome on 16 November 2009,[8]", "Reaffirming further that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, and that they must be treated globally, in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis,", "Reaffirming that a peaceful, stable and enabling political, social and economic environment, at both the national and the international levels, is the essential foundation that will enable States to give adequate priority to food security and poverty eradication,", "Reiterating, as in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, that food should not be used as an instrument of political or economic pressure, and reaffirming in this regard the importance of international cooperation and solidarity, as well as the necessity of refraining from unilateral measures that are not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations and that endanger food security,", "Convinced that each State must adopt a strategy consistent with its resources and capacities to achieve its individual goals in implementing the recommendations contained in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action and, at the same time, cooperate regionally and internationally in order to organize collective solutions to global issues of food security in a world of increasingly interlinked institutions, societies and economies where coordinated efforts and shared responsibilities are essential,", "Recognizing that the complex character of the global food crisis, in which the right to adequate food is threatened to be violated on a massive scale, is a combination of several major factors, such as the global financial and economic crisis, environmental degradation, desertification and the impacts of global climate change, as well as natural disasters and the lack in many countries of the appropriate technology, investment and capacity‑building necessary to confront its impact, particularly in developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States,", "Resolved to act to ensure that the human rights perspective is taken into account at the national, regional and international levels in measures to address the global food crisis,", "Expressing its deep concern at the number and scale of natural disasters, diseases and pests, as well as the negative impact of climate change, and their increasing impact in recent years, which have resulted in substantial loss of life and livelihood and threatened agricultural production and food security, in particular in developing countries,", "Stressing the importance of reversing the continuing decline of official development assistance devoted to agriculture, both in real terms and as a share of total official development assistance,", "Recognizing the importance of the protection and preservation of agrobiodiversity in guaranteeing food security and the right to food for all,", "Recognizing also the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as the key United Nations agency for rural and agricultural development and its work in supporting the efforts of Member States to achieve the full realization of the right to food, including through its provision of technical assistance to developing countries in support of the implementation of national priority frameworks,", "Taking note of the final Declaration adopted at the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Porto Alegre, Brazil, on 10 March 2006,[9]", "Acknowledging the High‑level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis established by the Secretary‑General, and supporting the Secretary‑General in his continuing efforts in this regard, including continued engagement with Member States and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the right to food,", "1. Reaffirms that hunger constitutes an outrage and a violation of human dignity and therefore requires the adoption of urgent measures at the national, regional and international levels for its elimination;", "2. Also reaffirms the right of everyone to have access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, so as to be able to fully develop and maintain his or her physical and mental capacities;", "3. Considers it intolerable that, as estimated by the United Nations Children’s Fund, more than one third of the children who die every year before the age of 5 do so from hunger‑related illness, that, as estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the number of people who are undernourished is about 925 million worldwide, and that an additional 1 billion people are suffering from serious malnutrition, including as a result of the global food crisis, while, according to the latter organization, the planet could produce enough food to feed everyone around the world;", "4. Expresses its concern at the fact that the effects of the world food crisis continue to have serious consequences for the poorest and most vulnerable people, particularly in developing countries, which have been further aggravated by the world financial and economic crisis, and at the particular effects of this crisis on many net food‑importing countries, especially on least developed countries;", "5. Also expresses its concern that women and girls are disproportionately affected by hunger, food insecurity and poverty, in part as a result of gender inequality and discrimination, that in many countries, girls are twice as likely as boys to die from malnutrition and preventable childhood diseases and that it is estimated that almost twice as many women as men suffer from malnutrition;", "6. Encourages all States to take action to address gender inequality and discrimination against women, in particular where it contributes to the malnutrition of women and girls, including measures to ensure the full and equal realization of the right to food and ensuring that women have equal access to resources, including income, land and water and their ownership, as well as full and equal access to education, science and technology, to enable them to feed themselves and their families;", "7. Encourages the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the right to food to continue mainstreaming a gender perspective in the fulfilment of his mandate, and encourages the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and all other United Nations bodies and mechanisms addressing the right to food and food insecurity to integrate a gender perspective into their relevant policies, programmes and activities;", "8. Reaffirms the need to ensure that programmes delivering safe and nutritious food are inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities;", "9. Encourages all States to take steps with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right to food, including steps to promote the conditions for everyone to be free from hunger and, as soon as possible, to enjoy fully the right to food, and to create and adopt national plans to combat hunger;", "10. Recognizes the advances reached through South‑South cooperation in developing countries and regions in connection with food security and the development of agricultural production for the full realization of the right to food;", "11. Stresses that improving access to productive resources and public investment in rural development are essential for eradicating hunger and poverty, in particular in developing countries, including through the promotion of investments in appropriate small‑scale irrigation and water management technologies in order to reduce vulnerability to droughts;", "12. Recognizes that 80 per cent of hungry people live in rural areas and 50 per cent are small‑scale farm‑holders, and that these people are especially vulnerable to food insecurity, given the increasing cost of inputs and the fall in farm incomes; that access to land, water, seeds and other natural resources is an increasing challenge for poor producers; that sustainable and gender‑sensitive agricultural policies are important tools for promoting land and agrarian reform, rural credit and insurance, technical assistance and other associated measures to achieve food security and rural development; and that support by States for small farmers, fishing communities and local enterprises, including through the facilitation of access of their products to national and international markets and empowerment of small producers, particularly women, in value chains, is a key element for food security and the provision of the right to food;", "13. Stresses the importance of fighting hunger in rural areas, including through national efforts supported by international partnerships to stop desertification and land degradation and through investments and public policies that are specifically appropriate to the risk of drylands, and in this regard calls for the full implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa;[10]", "14. Urges States that have not yet done so to favourably consider becoming parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity[11] and to consider becoming parties to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture[12] as a matter of priority;", "15. Recalls the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,[13] acknowledges that many indigenous organizations and representatives of indigenous peoples have expressed in different forums their deep concerns over the obstacles and challenges they face for the full enjoyment of the right to food, and calls upon States to take special actions to combat the root causes of the disproportionately high level of hunger and malnutrition among indigenous peoples and the continuous discrimination against them;", "16. Notes the need to further examine various concepts such as, inter alia, “food sovereignty” and their relation with food security and the right to food, bearing in mind the need to avoid any negative impact on the enjoyment of the right to food for all people at all times;", "17. Requests all States and private actors, as well as international organizations within their respective mandates, to take fully into account the need to promote the effective realization of the right to food for all, including in the ongoing negotiations in different fields;", "18. Recognizes the need to strengthen national commitment as well as international assistance, upon the request of and in cooperation with the affected countries, towards the full realization and protection of the right to food, and in particular to develop national protection mechanisms for people forced to leave their homes and land because of hunger or humanitarian emergencies affecting the enjoyment of the right to food;", "19. Stresses the need to make efforts to mobilize and optimize the allocation and utilization of technical and financial resources from all sources, including external debt relief for developing countries, and to reinforce national actions to implement sustainable food security policies;", "20. Calls for the early conclusion and a successful, development‑oriented outcome of the Doha Round of trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization as a contribution to creating international conditions that permit the full realization of the right to food;", "21. Stresses that all States should make all efforts to ensure that their international policies of a political and economic nature, including international trade agreements, do not have a negative impact on the right to food in other countries;", "22. Recalls the importance of the New York Declaration on Action against Hunger and Poverty, and recommends the continuation of efforts aimed at identifying additional sources of financing for the fight against hunger and poverty;", "23. Recognizes that the promises made at the World Food Summit in 1996 to halve the number of persons who are undernourished are not being fulfilled, while recognizing the efforts of Member States in this regard, and invites once again all international financial and development institutions, as well as the relevant United Nations agencies and funds, to give priority to and provide the necessary funding to realize the aim of halving by 2015 the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, as well as the right to food as set out in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security⁵ and the United Nations Millennium Declaration;³", "24. Reaffirms that integrating food and nutritional support, with the goal that all people at all times will have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life, is part of a comprehensive effort to improve public health, including the response to the spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases;", "25. Urges States to give adequate priority in their development strategies and expenditures to the realization of the right to food;", "26. Stresses the importance of international cooperation and development assistance as an effective contribution both to the expansion and improvement of agriculture and its environmental sustainability, food production, breeding projects on diversity of crops and livestock, and institutional innovations such as community seed banks, farmer field schools and seed fairs and to the provision of humanitarian food assistance in activities related to emergency situations, for the realization of the right to food and the achievement of sustainable food security, while recognizing that each country has the primary responsibility for ensuring the implementation of national programmes and strategies in this regard;", "27. Also stresses that States parties to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights[14] should consider implementing that agreement in a manner that is supportive of food security, while being mindful of the obligation of Member States to promote and protect the right to food;", "28. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant stakeholders to support national efforts aimed at responding rapidly to the food crises currently occurring across Africa, in particular in the Horn of Africa, and expresses its deep concern that funding shortfalls are forcing the World Food Programme to cut operations across different regions, including Southern Africa;", "29. Invites all relevant international organizations, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, to continue to promote policies and projects that have a positive impact on the right to food, to ensure that partners respect the right to food in the implementation of common projects, to support strategies of Member States aimed at the fulfilment of the right to food and to avoid any actions that could have a negative impact on the realization of the right to food;", "30. Takes note with appreciation of the interim report of the Special Rapporteur;[15]", "31. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur, as extended by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 13/4 of 24 March 2010;[16]", "32. Requests the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide all the human and financial resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur;", "33. Welcomes the work already done by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in promoting the right to adequate food, in particular its General Comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to adequate food (article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights),[17] in which the Committee affirmed, inter alia, that the right to adequate food is indivisibly linked to the inherent dignity of the human person and is indispensable for the fulfilment of other human rights enshrined in the International Bill of Human Rights, and is also inseparable from social justice, requiring the adoption of appropriate economic, environmental and social policies, at both the national and the international levels, oriented to the eradication of poverty and the fulfilment of all human rights for all;", "34. Recalls General Comment No. 15 (2002) of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to water (articles 11 and 12 of the Covenant),[18] in which the Committee noted, inter alia, the importance of ensuring sustainable access to water resources for human consumption and agriculture in realization of the right to adequate food;", "35. Reaffirms that the Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, adopted by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in November 2004,⁷ represent a practical tool to promote the realization of the right to food for all, contribute to the achievement of food security and thus provide an additional instrument in the attainment of internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration;", "36. Welcomes the continued cooperation of the High Commissioner, the Committee and the Special Rapporteur, and encourages them to continue their cooperation in this regard;", "37. Calls upon all Governments to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in his task, to supply all necessary information requested by him and to give serious consideration to responding favourably to the requests of the Special Rapporteur to visit their countries to enable him to fulfil his mandate more effectively;", "38. Requests the Special Rapporteur to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session an interim report on the implementation of the present resolution and to continue his work, including by examining the emerging issues with regard to the realization of the right to food within his existing mandate;", "39. Invites Governments, relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, treaty bodies, civil society actors and non‑governmental organizations, as well as the private sector, to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the fulfilment of his mandate, inter alia, through the submission of comments and suggestions on ways and means of realizing the right to food;", "40. Decides to continue the consideration of the question at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5–16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap. I.", "[3]  See resolution 55/2.", "[4]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13–17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[6]  A/57/499, annex.", "[7]  E/CN.4/2005/131, annex.", "[8]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[9]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 7–10 March 2006 (C 2006/REP), appendix G.", "[10]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1954, No. 33480.", "[11]  Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[12]  Ibid., vol. 2400, No. 43345.", "[13]  Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[14]  See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994‑7).", "[15]  See A/66/262.", "[16]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[17]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/2000/22 and Corr.1), annex V.", "[18]  Ibid., 2003, Supplement No. 2 (E/2003/22), annex IV." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/158. The right to food", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Charter of the United Nations and its importance for the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Reaffirming also all previous resolutions and decisions on the right to food adopted within the framework of the United Nations,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her or his health and well-being, including food, the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition and the United Nations Millennium Declaration, in particular Millennium Development Goal 1 on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015,", "Recalling also the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, in which the fundamental right of every person to be free from hunger is recognized,", "Bearing in mind the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action, and the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, adopted in Rome on 13 June 2002, [6]", "Reaffirming the specific recommendations contained in the Voluntary Principles to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security adopted by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in November 2004,", "Reaffirming also the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security contained in the Declaration adopted in Rome on 16 November 2009 by the World Summit on Food Security,[8]", "Reaffirming also that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, and that they must be treated globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis,", "Reaffirming that a peaceful, stable and enabling political, social and economic environment, at both the national and international levels, is the essential foundation that will enable States to give adequate priority to food security and poverty eradication,", "Reaffirming, as in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, that food should not be used as an instrument of political or economic pressure, and reaffirming in this regard the importance of international cooperation and solidarity, as well as the necessity of refraining from unilateral measures that are not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations and that endanger food security,", "Convinced that each State must adopt a strategy consistent with its resources and capacities to achieve its individual goals in implementing the recommendations contained in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action and, at the same time, cooperate regionally and internationally in order to organize collective solutions to global issues of food security in a world of increasingly interlinked institutions, societies and economies where coordinated efforts and shared responsibilities are essential,", "Recognizing that the complex nature of the global food crisis, which can lead to massive violations of the right to adequate food, is the result of a combination of several major factors, such as the global financial and economic crisis, environmental degradation, desertification and the effects of global climate change, natural disasters and the lack in many countries, in particular developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States, of the appropriate technology, investment and capacity-building to address its impact,", "Determined to act to ensure that a human rights perspective is taken into account at the national, regional and international levels in measures to address the global food crisis,", "Expressing its deep concern at the number and scale of natural disasters, diseases and pests and the negative impact of climate change in recent years, which have increased their impact and have resulted in significant loss of life and livelihood and threatened agricultural production and food security, in particular in developing countries,", "Stressing the importance of reversing the continuing decline of official development assistance devoted to agriculture, both in real terms and as a share of total official development assistance,", "Recognizing the importance of the protection and preservation of agrobiodiversity in guaranteeing food security and the right to food for all,", "Recognizing also the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as the principal United Nations agency for rural and agricultural development and its work in supporting the efforts of Member States to achieve the full realization of the right to food, including through the provision of technical assistance to developing countries in support of the implementation of national priority frameworks,", "Taking note of the final Declaration adopted by the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Porto Alegre, Brazil, on 10 March 2006,[9]", "Acknowledging the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis established by the Secretary-General, and supporting his continued efforts in this regard, including through continued engagement with Member States and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the right to food,", "Reaffirms that hunger constitutes an outrage and a violation of human dignity and therefore requires the adoption of urgent measures at the national, regional and international levels for its elimination;", "2. Also reaffirms the right of everyone to have access to safe, adequate and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, so as to be able to fully develop and maintain his or her physical and mental capacities;", "3. Considers it intolerable that, according to the estimates of the United Nations Children ' s Fund, more than one third of children under the age of 5 die every year from hunger-related diseases and that, according to the estimates of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the number of undernourished people worldwide is about 925 million, and that an additional 1 billion people are estimated to be severely malnourished, including as a result of the global food crisis, but the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations notes that enough food is available to feed everyone around the world;", "4. Expresses concern that the impact of the world food crisis continues to have dire consequences for the poorest and most vulnerable populations, in particular in developing countries, is further exacerbated by the world financial and economic crisis, and also expresses concern about its special impact on many net food-importing countries, in particular the least developed countries;", "5. Also expresses concern that women and girls are disproportionately affected by hunger, food insecurity and poverty, in part as a result of gender inequality and discrimination, that in many countries girls are twice as likely as boys to die from malnutrition and preventable childhood diseases and that it is estimated that almost twice as many women as men suffer from malnutrition;", "6. Encourages all States to take action to address gender inequality and discrimination against women, in particular where it contributes to the malnutrition of women and girls, including measures to ensure the full and equal realization of the right to food and ensuring that women have equal access to resources, including income, land and water and their ownership, as well as full and equal access to education, science and technology, to enable them to feed themselves and their families;", "7. Encourages the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the right to food to continue mainstreaming a gender perspective in the fulfilment of his mandate, and encourages the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and all other United Nations bodies and mechanisms addressing the right to food and food insecurity to integrate a gender perspective into their relevant policies, programmes and activities;", "8. Reaffirms the need to ensure that programmes delivering safe and nutritious food are inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities;", "Encourages all States to take steps with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right to food, including steps to promote the conditions for everyone to be free from hunger and, as soon as possible, to enjoy fully the right to food, and to develop and implement national plans to combat hunger;", "10. Recognizes the progress achieved through South-South cooperation in developing countries and regions in food security and the development of agricultural production for the full realization of the right to food;", "11. Stresses that increased access to productive resources and public investment in rural development are essential for eradicating hunger and poverty, in particular in developing countries, including through the promotion of investments in appropriate small-scale irrigation and water management technologies in order to reduce vulnerability to drought;", "12. Recognizes that 80 per cent of people who suffer from hunger live in rural areas and 50 per cent are small-scale farm-holders, that they are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity, given the increasing cost of inputs and the decline in farm incomes; that access to land, water, seeds and other natural resources is an increasing challenge for poor producers; that sustainable and gender-sensitive agricultural policies are important tools for promoting land and agrarian reform, rural credit and insurance, technical assistance and other relevant measures to achieve food security and rural development; and that State support for small farmers, fishing communities and local enterprises, including by helping to open up national and international markets for their products and empowering small producers, in particular women, in value chains, is a key element for food security and the realization of the right to food;", "13. Stresses the importance of fighting hunger in rural areas, including through national efforts supported by international partnerships to stop desertification and land degradation and through investments and public policies that are specifically appropriate to the risk of drylands, and in this regard calls for the full implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa; [10]", "14. Urges States that have not yet done so to favourably consider becoming parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and, as a matter of priority, to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture [12];", "15. Recalls the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, [13] recognizes that many indigenous organizations and representatives of indigenous peoples have expressed in different forums their deep concern about the obstacles and challenges they face in the full enjoyment of the right to food, and calls upon States to take special actions to address the root causes of the disproportionately high level of hunger and malnutrition among indigenous peoples and the continuous discrimination against them;", "Notes the need to further examine concepts such as “food sovereignty” and its relationship to food security and the right to food, bearing in mind the need to avoid any negative impact on the enjoyment of the right to food for all people at all times;", "17. Requests all States and private actors, as well as international organizations within their respective mandates, to take fully into account the need to promote the effective realization of the right to food for all, including in the ongoing negotiations in different fields;", "18. Recognizes the need to strengthen national commitments and international assistance, upon the request of and in cooperation with affected countries, towards the full realization and protection of the right to food, and in particular to develop national protection mechanisms for people forced to leave their homes and land because of hunger or humanitarian emergencies affecting the enjoyment of the right to food;", "19. Stresses the need to make efforts to mobilize and optimize the allocation and utilization of technical and financial resources from all sources, including external debt relief for developing countries, and to reinforce national actions to implement sustainable food security policies;", "20. Calls for the early conclusion and successful development-oriented outcome of the Doha Round of trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization as a contribution to creating international conditions for the full realization of the right to food;", "21. Stresses that all States should make every effort to ensure that their international policies of a political and economic nature, including international trade agreements, do not have a negative impact on the right to food in other countries;", "22. Recalls the importance of the New York Declaration on Action against Hunger and Poverty, and recommends the continuation of efforts aimed at identifying additional sources of financing for the eradication of hunger and poverty;", "23. Recognizes that the promises made at the World Food Summit in 1996 to halve the number of people who are undernourished are not being fulfilled, while recognizing the efforts of Member States in this regard, and reiterates its invitation to all international financial and development institutions, as well as the relevant United Nations agencies and funds, to give priority to and provide the necessary funding to realize the goal of halving by 2015 the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, as well as the right to food as set out in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security5 and the United Nations Millennium Declaration;3", "24. Reaffirms that integrating food and nutritional support, with the goal that all people at all times will have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life, is part of a comprehensive effort to improve public health, including to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases;", "Urges States to give adequate priority in their development strategies and expenditures to the realization of the right to food;", "26. Stresses the importance of international cooperation and development assistance as an effective contribution to the expansion and improvement of agriculture and its environmental sustainability, food production, breeding projects for diversity of crops and livestock and institutional innovations such as community seed banks, farmer field schools and seed fairs, as well as to the provision of humanitarian food assistance in emergency-related activities for the realization of the right to food and the achievement of sustainable food security, while recognizing that each country has the primary responsibility for ensuring the implementation of national programmes and strategies in this regard;", "27. Also stresses the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights[,] States parties should consider implementing the Agreement in a manner that contributes to food security, bearing in mind the obligations of Member States to promote and protect the right to food;", "28. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant stakeholders to support national efforts to respond rapidly to the current food crisis in various parts of Africa, in particular in the Horn of Africa, and expresses deep concern that funding shortfalls are forcing the World Food Programme to cut operations in various regions, including southern Africa;", "29. Invites all relevant international organizations, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, to continue to promote policies and projects that have a positive impact on the right to food, to ensure that partners respect the right to food in the implementation of common projects, to support strategies of Member States aimed at the realization of the right to food and to avoid any actions that could have a negative impact on the realization of the right to food;", "30. Takes note with appreciation of the interim report of the Special Rapporteur; [15]", "31. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur, as renewed by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 13/4 of 24 March 2010;", "32. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide all the necessary human and financial resources for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur;", "Welcomes the work already done by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in promoting the right to adequate food, in particular its general comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to adequate food (article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), [17] in which the Committee affirmed, inter alia, that the right to adequate food is indivisibly linked to the inherent dignity of the human person and is indispensable for the fulfilment of other human rights enshrined in the International Bill of Human Rights, and is also inseparable from social justice, requiring the adoption of appropriate economic, environmental and social policies, at both the national and the international levels, oriented to the eradication of poverty and the fulfilment of all human rights for all;", "34. Recalls general comment No. 15 (2002) of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to water (articles 11 and 12 of the Covenant), in which the Committee noted, inter alia, the importance of ensuring sustainable water resources for consumption and agricultural use for the realization of the right to adequate food;", "35. Reaffirms that the Voluntary Principles to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, adopted by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in November 2004,7 represent a practical tool to promote the realization of the right to food for all, contribute to the achievement of food security and, therefore, an additional instrument for achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration;", "Welcomes the continuing cooperation of the High Commissioner, the Committee and the Special Rapporteur, and encourages them to continue their cooperation in this regard;", "37. Calls upon all Governments to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in his task, to supply all necessary information requested by him and to give serious consideration to responding favourably to his requests to visit their countries to enable him to fulfil his mandate even more effectively;", "38. Requests the Special Rapporteur to submit an interim report to the General Assembly at its sixtyseventh session on the implementation of the present resolution and to continue his work, including by examining the emerging issues with regard to the realization of the right to food within his existing mandate;", "39. Invites Governments, relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, treaty bodies, civil society actors and non-governmental organizations, as well as the private sector, to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the fulfilment of his mandate, inter alia, through the submission of comments and suggestions on ways and means of realizing the right to food;", "Decides to continue its consideration of the question at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5-16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap.", "[3] See resolution 55/2.", "[4] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13-17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[6] A/57/499, annex.", "[7] E/CN.4/2005/131, annex.", "[8] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WFP/2009/2.", "[9] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 7-10 March 2006 (C-2006/REP), appendix G.", "[10] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1954, No. 33480.", "[11] Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[12] Ibid., vol. 2400, No. 43345.", "[13] Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[14] See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Marrakesh, 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[15] See A/66/262.", "[16] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap. II, sect.", "[17] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/2000/22 and Corr.1), annex V.", "[18] Ibid., 2003, Supplement No. 2 (E/2003/22), annex IV." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/159. 促进建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于促进建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序问题的各项决议，包括其2010年12月21日第65/223号决议，并表示注意到人权理事会2011年9月29日第18/6号决议，[1]", "重申所有国家承诺履行义务，根据《联合国宪章》、与人权有关的其他文书和国际法，促进普遍尊重、遵守和保护所有人的一切人权和基本自由，", "申明应完全遵循《宪章》第一条和第二条阐述的《宪章》宗旨和原则及国际法，特别是应充分尊重主权、领土完整、政治独立，在国际关系中不使用或威胁使用武力，不干涉本质上属于任何国家国内管辖的事务，继续加强国际合作以促进和保护所有人权，", "回顾《宪章》的序言，特别是决心重申对基本人权、人格尊严与价值以及男女平等和大小各国平等权利的信念，", "重申人人有权享有一个能使《世界人权宣言》[2] 中提出的权利和自由得到充分落实的社会和国际秩序，", "又重申《宪章》序言所表示的决心，为避免后世再遭战祸，创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生，力行容恕，彼此以善邻之道和睦相处，并运用国际机构，以促成全球人民经济及社会之进展，", "强调指出世界各国必须以多边方式共担责任，管理世界各地的经济和社会事务，消除国际和平与安全受到的各种威胁，并在这方面强调指出联合国作为世界上最具普遍性和代表性的组织，必须发挥中心作用，", "考虑到国际上正在发生重大变化，各国人民企盼一个以《宪章》所载原则为基础的国际秩序，包括促进和鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由以及尊重人民平等权利及自决原则、和平、民主、正义、平等、法治、多元主义、发展、提高生活水平和团结，", "确认加强人权领域国际合作至关重要，可促进充分实现联合国各项宗旨，包括有效促进和保护所有人权，", "考虑到《世界人权宣言》宣布人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等，人人有资格享有《宣言》所载的一切权利和自由，不作种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、民族本源或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别，", "重申民主、发展及尊重人权和基本自由是相互依存和相辅相成的，民主的基础是人民自由表达意愿，决定自己的政治、经济、社会和文化制度，并充分参与其生活的各个方面，", "确认在促进和保护人权时，应以合作和真诚对话原则为基础，并以加强会员国履行人权义务以促进全人类福祉的能力为宗旨，", "强调民主不仅是一个政治概念，它还涉及经济和社会层面，", "确认民主、对包括发展权在内的所有人权的尊重、社会各部门透明而负责任的治理和行政以及民间社会的有效参与，都是实现社会发展和以人为本的可持续发展的必要基础的重要部分，", "关切地注意到种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为可能因财富分配不均、边缘化和社会排斥等问题而恶化，", "重申不同宗教、文化和文明之间的对话可大力推动加强各级国际合作，", "着重指出国际社会必须确保全球化成为有益于全世界人民的积极力量，只有以人类千差万别中的共同点为基础，作出广泛而持久的努力，才能使全球化具有充分包容性和公平性，", "深为关切当前全球经济、金融、能源和粮食危机所反映的全球状况正在威胁着所有人权的充分享受，并且正在扩大发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距，而这些危机是若干重要因素综合作用的结果，其中包括宏观经济因素和其他因素，如环境退化、荒漠化和全球气候变化及自然灾害，而且发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家缺乏克服危机消极影响所必需的财政资源和技术，", "强调指出使全球化具有充分包容性和公平性的努力必须包括在全球一级订立政策和措施，响应发展中国家和经济转型国家的需求，并且应由这些国家有效参与政策和措施的制订和执行工作，", "又强调指出需要向发展中国家，特别是向内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家提供充足资金，并向其转让技术，包括支持它们努力适应气候变化，", "倾听了世界各地人民的心声，认识到他们企盼正义、人人机会均等、享受包括发展权在内的人权、在和平与自由中生活以及不受歧视地平等参与经济、社会、文化、公民和政治生活，", "回顾人权理事会2007年6月18日关于理事会体制建设的第5/1号决议和关于理事会特别程序任务执行人行为守则的第5/2号决议，[3] 强调指出所有任务执行人都应根据这些决议及其中所载附件履行职责，", "决心尽力采取一切措施，确保建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序，", "1. 申明人人有权享有民主和公平的国际秩序；", "2. 又申明一个民主和公平的国际秩序可促进充分实现人人享有所有人权；", "3. 促请所有会员国履行其在南非德班反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议期间表示的承诺，使全球化的惠益最大化，为此除其他外加强和增进国际合作，以便增强贸易、经济增长和可持续发展方面的机会平等，利用新技术促进全球信息交流，保全和促进文化多样性以增加文化间交流，[4] 此外重申唯有通过广泛持久的努力，以人类千差万别中的共同点为基础打造一个共同未来，才能使全球化具有充分包容性和公平性；", "4. 申明一个民主和公平的国际秩序除其他外必须落实下列各个方面：", "(a) 所有人民的自决权利，人民可凭借这一权利自由决定其政治地位，自由谋求其经济、社会和文化发展；", "(b) 人民和国家对其自然财富和资源的永久主权；", "(c) 每个人和所有人民的发展权；", "(d) 所有人民享有和平的权利；", "(e) 在各国平等参与决策进程、相互依存、互惠互利、团结与合作的基础上建立一个国际经济秩序的权利；", "(f) 国际团结，作为人民和个人的权利；", "(g) 在所有合作领域促进和巩固透明、民主、公正和负责任的国际机构，尤其是为此而执行全面平等参与这些机构决策机制的原则；", "(h) 人人不受任何歧视地公平参与国内和全球决策的权利；", "(i) 联合国系统工作人员的组成体现公平的区域及性别均衡代表性原则；", "(j) 开展国际合作，在国际信息流动方面建立新平衡并增进互惠，特别是纠正出入发展中国家的信息的不平等，在此基础上促进自由、公正、有效和均衡的国际信息和传播秩序；", "(k) 尊重文化多样性和所有人的文化权利，因为这可以增进文化多元性，有助于更广泛的知识交流和对文化背景的了解，推动在全世界适用和享受普遍公认的人权，并在世界人民和国家间发展稳定、友好的关系；", "(l) 每个人和所有人民有权享有健康环境，并有权加强国际合作，以有效满足各国尤其是发展中国家努力适应气候变化而需要的援助，同时促进履行缓解影响方面的国际协定；", "(m) 通过加强国际合作，特别是国际经济、商业和金融关系方面的合作，促进公平享受财富国际分配所产生的惠益；", "(n) 根据公众享受文化的权利，实现人人共有共享人类共同遗产；", "(o) 世界各国以多边方式共担责任，管理世界各地的经济及社会发展事务，并消除国际和平与安全受到的各种威胁；", "5. 强调指出在加强人权领域的国际合作时，必须保持由不同国家和人民组成的国际社会所具有的丰富多样性，并且必须尊重各国和各区域的特点及各种历史、文化和宗教背景；", "6. 又强调指出所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存和相互关联的，国际社会必须以公正和平等的方式，在同等基础上，以同样的重视程度，全面对待人权，并重申在必须铭记各国和各区域特点及各种历史、文化和宗教背景的重要意义的同时，各国不论政治、经济和文化制度为何，都有义务促进和保护所有人权和基本自由；", "7. 敦促国际舞台上的所有行为体建立一个以包容、正义、平等和公平、人类尊严、相互谅解、促进和尊重文化多样性及普遍人权为基础的国际秩序，摒弃一切基于种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的排他理论；", "8. 重申所有国家都应促进建立、维持和加强国际和平与安全，并应为此作出最大努力，在有效国际监督下实现全面彻底裁军，并且确保通过实行有效裁军措施而节省下来的资源用于综合发展，特别是发展中国家的发展；", "9. 又重申需要继续紧急开展工作，建立一个国际经济秩序，其基础必须是所有国家不论经济和社会制度为何，均彼此公平、主权平等、相互依存、具有共同利益、相互合作；这一经济秩序应消除不平等，纠正现有的不公正现象，从而可以消除发达国家与发展中国家之间日益扩大的差距，并确保稳步加快经济和社会发展，使今世后代享有和平与正义；", "10. 还重申国际社会应想方设法消除世界各地在充分落实所有人权方面现存的障碍，应对有关挑战，并防止这些障碍和挑战所致的侵犯人权现象继续下去；", "11. 敦促各国通过加强国际合作，继续努力推动建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序；", "12. 欢迎人权理事会在其第18/6号决议中决定新设一个促进建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序问题独立专家特别程序任务，并欢迎该决议中所列授权任务；¹", "13. 请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员为独立专家有效执行任务提供一切必要的人力和财政资源；", "14. 促请各国政府在独立专家执行任务时与其合作及给予协助，提供独立专家所要求的一切必要信息，并考虑积极回应独立专家的访问要求，使独立专家能够充分有效地执行任务；", "15. 请人权理事会、各人权条约机构、联合国人权事务高级专员办事处、经人权理事会延期的特别机制以及人权理事会咨询委员会在各自任务范围内对本决议给予应有的重视，并协助加以执行；", "16. 促请高级专员办事处在促进建立一个民主和公平的国际秩序问题上再接再厉；", "17. 请秘书长提请各会员国、联合国各机关、机构和部门、政府间组织(特别是布雷顿森林机构)和非政府组织注意本决议，并尽可能广泛地予以传播；", "18. 请独立专家向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况的临时报告，并继续开展工作；", "19. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议这一事项。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] * 由于技术原因于2012年5月21日重新印发。", "见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第53号》(A/62/53)，第四章，A节。", "[4] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/159. Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, including resolution 65/223 of 21 December 2010, and taking note of Human Rights Council resolution 18/6 of 29 September 2011,[1]", "Reaffirming the commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations to promote universal respect for, and observance and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights and international law,", "Affirming that the enhancement of international cooperation for the promotion and protection of all human rights should continue to be carried out in full conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter and international law as set forth in Articles 1 and 2 of the Charter and, inter alia, with full respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, the non‑use of force or the threat of force in international relations and non‑intervention in matters that are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State,", "Recalling the Preamble to the Charter, in particular the determination to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small,", "Reaffirming that everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[2] can be fully realized,", "Reaffirming also the determination expressed in the Preamble to the Charter to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, to practise tolerance and good‑neighbourliness, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,", "Stressing that the responsibility for managing worldwide economic and social issues, as well as threats to international peace and security, must be shared among the nations of the world and should be exercised multilaterally, and that in this regard the central role must be played by the United Nations, as the most universal and representative organization in the world,", "Considering the major changes taking place on the international scene and the aspirations of all peoples for an international order based on the principles enshrined in the Charter, including promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and respect for the principle of equal rights and self‑determination of peoples, peace, democracy, justice, equality, the rule of law, pluralism, development, better standards of living and solidarity,", "Recognizing that the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights is essential for the full achievement of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights,", "Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,", "Reaffirming that democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that democracy is based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives,", "Recognizing that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principle of cooperation and genuine dialogue and aimed at strengthening the capacity of Member States to comply with their human rights obligations for the benefit of all human beings,", "Emphasizing that democracy is not only a political concept, but that it also has economic and social dimensions,", "Recognizing that democracy, respect for all human rights, including the right to development, transparent and accountable governance and administration in all sectors of society, and effective participation by civil society are an essential part of the necessary foundations for the realization of social and people‑centred sustainable development,", "Noting with concern that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance may be aggravated by, inter alia, inequitable distribution of wealth, marginalization and social exclusion,", "Reaffirming that dialogue among religions, cultures and civilizations could contribute greatly to the enhancement of international cooperation at all levels,", "Underlining the fact that it is imperative for the international community to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world’s people, and that only through broad and sustained efforts, based on our common humanity in all its diversity, can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable,", "Deeply concerned that the current global economic, financial, energy and food crises, resulting from a combination of several major factors, including macroeconomic and other factors, such as environmental degradation, desertification and global climate change, natural disasters and the lack of financial resources and the technology necessary to confront their negative impact in developing countries, particularly in the least developed countries and small island developing States, represent a global scenario that is threatening the adequate enjoyment of all human rights and widening the gap between developed and developing countries,", "Stressing that efforts to make globalization fully inclusive and equitable must include policies and measures, at the global level, that correspond to the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition and are formulated and implemented with their effective participation,", "Stressing also the need for adequate financing of and technology transfer to developing countries, in particular the landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, including to support their efforts to adapt to climate change,", "Having listened to the peoples of the world, and recognizing their aspirations to justice, to equality of opportunity for all, to the enjoyment of their human rights, including the right to development, to live in peace and freedom and to equal participation without discrimination in economic, social, cultural, civil and political life,", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 on institution‑building of the Council and 5/2 on the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures Mandate Holders of the Council, both of 18 June 2007,[3] and stressing that all mandate holders shall discharge their duties in accordance with those resolutions and the annexes thereto,", "Resolved to take all measures within its power to secure a democratic and equitable international order,", "1. Affirms that everyone is entitled to a democratic and equitable international order;", "2. Also affirms that a democratic and equitable international order fosters the full realization of all human rights for all;", "3. Calls upon all Member States to fulfil their commitment expressed in Durban, South Africa, during the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance to maximize the benefits of globalization through, inter alia, the strengthening and enhancement of international cooperation to increase equality of opportunities for trade, economic growth and sustainable development, global communications through the use of new technologies and increased intercultural exchange through the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity,[4] and reiterates that only through broad and sustained efforts to create a shared future based upon our common humanity and all its diversity can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable;", "4. Affirms that a democratic and equitable international order requires, inter alia, the realization of the following:", "(a) The right of all peoples to self‑determination, by virtue of which they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development;", "(b) The right of peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources;", "(c) The right of every human person and all peoples to development;", "(d) The right of all peoples to peace;", "(e) The right to an international economic order based on equal participation in the decision‑making process, interdependence, mutual interest, solidarity and cooperation among all States;", "(f) International solidarity, as a right of peoples and individuals;", "(g) The promotion and consolidation of transparent, democratic, just and accountable international institutions in all areas of cooperation, in particular through the implementation of the principle of full and equal participation in their respective decision‑making mechanisms;", "(h) The right to equitable participation of all, without any discrimination, in domestic and global decision‑making;", "(i) The principle of equitable regional and gender‑balanced representation in the composition of the staff of the United Nations system;", "(j) The promotion of a free, just, effective and balanced international information and communications order, based on international cooperation for the establishment of a new equilibrium and greater reciprocity in the international flow of information, in particular correcting the inequalities in the flow of information to and from developing countries;", "(k) Respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all, since this enhances cultural pluralism, contributes to a wider exchange of knowledge and understanding of cultural backgrounds, advances the application and enjoyment of universally accepted human rights across the world and fosters stable, friendly relations among peoples and nations worldwide;", "(l) The right of every person and all peoples to a healthy environment and to enhanced international cooperation that responds effectively to the needs for assistance of national efforts to adapt to climate change, particularly in developing countries, and that promotes the fulfilment of international agreements in the field of mitigation;", "(m) The promotion of equitable access to benefits from the international distribution of wealth through enhanced international cooperation, in particular in economic, commercial and financial international relations;", "(n) The enjoyment by everyone of ownership of the common heritage of mankind in connection to the public right of access to culture;", "(o) The shared responsibility of the nations of the world for managing worldwide economic and social development, as well as threats to international peace and security, that should be exercised multilaterally;", "5. Stresses the importance of preserving the rich and diverse nature of the international community of nations and peoples, as well as respect for national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, in the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights;", "6. Also stresses that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis, and reaffirms that, while the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "7. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "8. Reaffirms that all States should promote the establishment, maintenance and strengthening of international peace and security and, to that end, should do their utmost to achieve general and complete disarmament under effective international control, as well as to ensure that the resources released by effective disarmament measures are used for comprehensive development, in particular that of the developing countries;", "9. Also reaffirms the need to continue working urgently for the establishment of an international economic order based on equity, sovereign equality, interdependence, common interest and cooperation among all States, irrespective of their economic and social systems, which shall correct inequalities and redress existing injustices, make it possible to eliminate the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries and ensure steadily accelerating economic and social development and peace and justice for present and future generations;", "10. Further reaffirms that the international community should devise ways and means to remove the current obstacles and meet the challenges to the full realization of all human rights and to prevent the continuation of human rights violations resulting therefrom throughout the world;", "11. Urges States to continue their efforts, through enhanced international cooperation, towards the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order;", "12. Welcomes the decision of the Human Rights Council in its resolution 18/6 to establish a new special procedures mandate of Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order and the mandate set out in the resolution;¹", "13. Requests the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide all the human and financial resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Independent Expert;", "14. Calls upon all Governments to cooperate with and assist the Independent Expert in his or her task, to supply all necessary information requested by him or her and to consider responding favourably to the requests of the Independent Expert to visit their countries to enable him or her to fulfil his or her mandate more effectively;", "15. Requests the Human Rights Council, the human rights treaty bodies, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the special mechanisms extended by the Council and the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee to pay due attention, within their respective mandates, to the present resolution and to make contributions towards its implementation;", "16. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner to build upon the issue of the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order;", "17. Requests the Secretary‑General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs, bodies and components, intergovernmental organizations, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non‑governmental organizations, and to disseminate it on the widest possible basis;", "18. Requests the Independent Expert to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session an interim report on the implementation of the present resolution and to continue his or her work;", "19. Decides to continue consideration of the matter at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1] * Reissued for technical reasons on 21 May 2012.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. IV, sect. A.", "[4]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/159. Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, including its resolution 65/223 of 21 December 2010, and taking note of Human Rights Council resolution 18/6 of 29 September 2011, [1]", "Reaffirming the commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations to promote universal respect for, and observance and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights and international law,", "Affirming that the enhancement of international cooperation for the promotion and protection of all human rights should continue to be carried out in full conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter and international law, as set out in Articles 1 and 2 of the Charter, and in particular with full respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, the non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations and non-intervention in matters that are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State,", "Recalling the Preamble to the Charter, in particular the determination to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small,", "Reaffirming that everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be fully realized,", "Reaffirming also the determination expressed in the Preamble to the Charter to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, to practise tolerance and good-neighbourliness and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,", "Stressing that the responsibility for managing worldwide economic and social affairs, as well as threats to international peace and security, must be shared among the nations of the world and must be exercised multilaterally, and that, in this regard, the United Nations, as the most universal and representative organization in the world, must play a central role,", "Considering the major changes taking place on the international scene and the aspirations of all peoples for an international order based on the principles enshrined in the Charter, including promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, peace, democracy, justice, equality, the rule of law, pluralism, development, better standards of living and solidarity,", "Recognizing that the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights is essential for the full achievement of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights,", "Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,", "Reaffirming that democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that democracy is based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives,", "Recognizing that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principle of cooperation and genuine dialogue and aimed at strengthening the capacity of Member States to fulfil their human rights obligations for the benefit of all humankind,", "Emphasizing that democracy is not only a political concept but also has economic and social dimensions,", "Recognizing that democracy, respect for all human rights, including the right to development, transparent and accountable governance and administration in all sectors of society, and effective participation by civil society are an essential part of the necessary foundations for the realization of social and people-centred sustainable development,", "Noting with concern that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance may be aggravated by, inter alia, inequitable distribution of wealth, marginalization and social exclusion,", "Reaffirming that dialogue among religions, cultures and civilizations could contribute significantly to the enhancement of international cooperation at all levels,", "Stressing that it is imperative for the international community to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world ' s people, and that only through broad and sustained efforts, based on our common humanity in all its diversity, can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable,", "Deeply concerned that the current global economic, financial, energy and food crises, which combine a number of important factors, including macroeconomic and other factors, such as environmental degradation, desertification and global climate change, as well as natural disasters, and the lack of financial resources and the technology necessary to overcome their negative impacts in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, are threatening the full enjoyment of all human rights and widening the gap between developed and developing countries,", "Stressing that efforts to make globalization fully inclusive and equitable must include policies and measures at the global level that are responsive to the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition and that should be formulated and implemented with their effective participation,", "Stressing also the need for adequate financing and technology transfer to developing countries, in particular landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, including support for their efforts to adapt to climate change,", "Having listened to the peoples of the world, and recognizing their aspirations to justice, to equality of opportunity for all, to the enjoyment of their human rights, including the right to development, to live in peace and freedom and to equal participation without discrimination in economic, social, cultural, civil and political life,", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1, on institution-building of the Council, and 5/2, on the code of conduct for special procedures mandate holders of the Council, of 18 June 2007, and stressing that all mandate holders shall discharge their duties in accordance with those resolutions and the annexes thereto,", "Resolved to take all measures within its power to secure a democratic and equitable international order,", "Affirms that everyone is entitled to a democratic and equitable international order;", "2. Also affirms that a democratic and equitable international order fosters the full realization of all human rights for all;", "3. Calls upon all Member States to fulfil their commitment expressed at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, to maximize the benefits of globalization by, inter alia, strengthening and enhancing international cooperation to increase equality of opportunity for trade, economic growth and sustainable development, using new technologies to facilitate global information exchange and preserving and promoting cultural diversity for increased intercultural exchange,[4] and reaffirms that only through broad and sustained efforts to build a shared future based on common humanity in all its diversity can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable;", "Affirms that a democratic and equitable international order requires, inter alia, the realization of the following:", "(a) The right of all peoples to self-determination, by virtue of which they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development;", "(b) Permanent sovereignty of peoples and nations over their natural wealth and resources;", "(c) The right of everyone and all peoples to development;", "(d) The right of all peoples to peace;", "(e) The right to an international economic order based on equal participation in the decision-making process, interdependence, mutual interest, solidarity and cooperation among all States;", "(f) International solidarity as a right of peoples and individuals;", "(g) To promote and consolidate transparent, democratic, just and accountable international institutions in all areas of cooperation, in particular through the implementation of the principle of full and equal participation in their respective decision-making mechanisms;", "(h) The right to equitable participation of all, without any discrimination, in domestic and global decision-making;", "(i) The principle of equitable regional and gender-balanced representation in the composition of the staff of the United Nations system;", "(j) The promotion of a free, just, effective and balanced international information and communication order, based on international cooperation for the establishment of a new equilibrium and greater reciprocity in the international flow of information, in particular correcting the inequalities in the flow of information to and from developing countries;", "(k) Respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all, as this enhances cultural pluralism, contributes to a wider exchange of knowledge and understanding of cultural backgrounds, advances the application and enjoyment of universally recognized human rights throughout the world and fosters stable, friendly relations among peoples and nations worldwide;", "(l) The right of everyone and all peoples to a healthy environment and to enhanced international cooperation to effectively meet the needs of countries, in particular developing countries, for assistance in their efforts to adapt to climate change, while promoting the implementation of international agreements on mitigation;", "(m) The promotion of equitable access to benefits from the international distribution of wealth through enhanced international cooperation, in particular in economic, commercial and financial international relations;", "(n) The realization of the common heritage of mankind for all, in accordance with the public right to enjoy culture;", "(o) The shared responsibility of the nations of the world for managing worldwide economic and social development, as well as threats to international peace and security, should be exercised multilaterally;", "5. Stresses the importance of preserving the rich and diverse nature of the international community of nations and peoples, as well as respect for national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, in the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights;", "6. Also stresses that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis, and reaffirms that, while the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "7. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights, and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "8. Reaffirms that all States should promote the establishment, maintenance and strengthening of international peace and security and, to that end, should do their utmost to achieve general and complete disarmament under effective international control, as well as to ensure that the resources released by effective disarmament measures are used for comprehensive development, in particular that of the developing countries;", "9. Also reaffirms the need to continue to work urgently for the establishment of an international economic order based on equity, sovereign equality, interdependence, common interest and cooperation among all States, regardless of their economic and social systems, which shall correct inequalities and redress existing injustices, make it possible to eliminate the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries, and ensure steadily accelerating economic and social development and peace and justice for present and future generations;", "10. Further reaffirms that the international community should devise ways and means to remove the existing obstacles and meet the challenges to the full realization of all human rights throughout the world and to prevent the continuation of human rights violations resulting therefrom;", "Urges States to continue their efforts, through enhanced international cooperation, towards the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order;", "Welcomes the decision of the Human Rights Council, in its resolution 18/6, to establish a new special procedure mandate for the independent expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, as well as the mandate contained in that resolution;1", "Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide all the necessary human and financial resources for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the independent expert;", "Urges all Governments to cooperate with and assist the independent expert in the discharge of his mandate, to supply all necessary information requested by the independent expert and to consider responding favourably to requests by the independent expert to visit their countries to enable him or her to fulfil his or her mandate fully and effectively;", "15. Requests the Human Rights Council, the human rights treaty bodies, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the special mechanisms extended by the Human Rights Council and the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee to pay due attention, within their respective mandates, to the present resolution and to make contributions towards its implementation;", "16. Urges the Office of the High Commissioner to build on the issue of the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order;", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs, bodies and components, intergovernmental organizations, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non-governmental organizations and to disseminate it on the widest possible basis;", "18. Requests the independent expert to submit an interim report on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly at its sixtyseventh session and to continue his work;", "Decides to continue consideration of the matter at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] * Reissued for technical reasons on 21 May 2012.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. IV, sect.", "[4] See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/160. 保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约", "大会，", "重申其2006年12月20日第61/177号决议，其中大会通过了《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》，并予以开放供签署、批准和加入，", "回顾其1992年12月18日第47/133号决议，其中大会通过了《保护所有人不遭受强迫失踪宣言》，宣布它是一套适用于所有国家的原则，", "又回顾其2010年12月21日第65/209号决议，以及人权理事会通过的相关决议，包括2011年3月24日第16/16号决议，[1] 其中理事会注意到强迫或非自愿失踪问题工作组关于国内刑事立法中有关强迫失踪问题的最佳做法的报告，[2] 并鼓励各国适当考虑报告中述及的最佳做法，", "还回顾任何特殊情况均不得用来作为强迫失踪的辩护理由，", "深为关切特别是世界各区域强迫失踪或非自愿失踪，包括构成强迫失踪部分行为或相当于强迫失踪的逮捕、拘留和绑架事件增多，并深为关切有关对失踪事件证人或失踪者亲属进行骚扰、虐待和恐吓的报告不断增多，", "回顾《公约》规定受害人有权了解强迫失踪案情真相、调查进展和结果及失踪人员下落，并规定缔约国有义务在这方面采取适当措施，", "确认《公约》中将某些情况下的强迫失踪行为认定为危害人类罪，", "又确认红十字国际委员会在促进遵守这一领域国际人道主义法方面所做的宝贵工作，", "1. 欢迎《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》[3] 于2010年12月23日正式生效，确认该公约的执行将大大有助于消除有罪不罚现象并促进和保护所有人的所有人权；", "2. 又欢迎已有九十个国家签署和三十个国家批准或加入《公约》，吁请尚未签署、批准或加入《公约》的国家优先考虑这样做，并且考虑《公约》第31和32条规定的与强迫失踪问题委员会有关的选择办法；", "3. 还欢迎公约缔约国于2011年5月31日举行第一次会议并在会上选举了强迫失踪问题委员会的成员，欢迎该委员会已开始工作；", "4. 欢迎秘书长的报告；[4]", "5. 请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员继续加紧努力，协助各国成为《公约》缔约方，以期实现各国普遍参加《公约》；", "6. 又请联合国各机构和各组织，并邀请各政府间组织、非政府组织及强迫或非自愿失踪问题工作组继续作出努力，传播关于《公约》的信息，增进对《公约》的了解并协助缔约国履行根据这一文书所承担的义务；", "7. 邀请强迫失踪问题委员会主席和强迫或非自愿失踪问题工作组主席于大会第六十七届会议期间在关于促进和保护人权的项目下，向大会陈述情况并与大会进行互动式对话；", "8. 请秘书长就《公约》现况及本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交一份报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[2] A/HRC/16/48/Add.3。", "[3] 第61/177号决议，附件。", "[4] A/66/284。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/160. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 61/177 of 20 December 2006, by which it adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance,", "Recalling its resolution 47/133 of 18 December 1992, by which it adopted the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance as a body of principles for all States,", "Recalling also its resolution 65/209 of 21 December 2010, as well as relevant resolutions adopted by the Human Rights Council, including resolution 16/16 of 24 March 2011,[1] in which the Council took note of the report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on best practices on enforced disappearances in domestic criminal legislation[2] and encouraged States to give due consideration to the good practices identified in the report,", "Recalling further that no exceptional circumstance whatsoever may be invoked as a justification for enforced disappearance,", "Deeply concerned, in particular, by the increase in enforced or involuntary disappearances in various regions of the world, including arrest, detention and abduction, when these are part of or amount to enforced disappearances, and by the growing number of reports concerning harassment, ill‑treatment and intimidation of witnesses of disappearances or relatives of persons who have disappeared,", "Recalling that the Convention sets out the right of victims to know the truth regarding the circumstances of the enforced disappearance, the progress and results of the investigation and the fate of the disappeared person, and sets forth State party obligations to take appropriate measures in this regard,", "Acknowledging that acts of enforced disappearance are recognized in the Convention as crimes against humanity, in certain circumstances,", "Acknowledging also the valuable work of the International Committee of the Red Cross in promoting compliance with international humanitarian law in this field,", "1. Welcomes the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance[3] on 23 December 2010, and recognizes that its implementation will be a significant contribution to ending impunity and to promoting and protecting all human rights for all;", "2. Also welcomes the fact that ninety States have signed the Convention and thirty have ratified or acceded to it, and calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention as a matter of priority, as well as to consider the option provided for in articles 31 and 32 of the Convention regarding the Committee on Enforced Disappearances;", "3. Further welcomes the holding of the first meeting of the States parties to the Convention on 31 May 2011 and the election of the members of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances on that occasion, and welcomes the commencement of the work of the Committee;", "4. Welcomes the report of the Secretary‑General;[4]", "5. Requests the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue their intensive efforts to assist States in becoming parties to the Convention, with a view to achieving universal adherence;", "6. Requests United Nations agencies and organizations, and invites intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, to continue making efforts to disseminate information on the Convention, to promote understanding of it and to assist States parties in implementing their obligations under this instrument;", "7. Invites the Chair of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances and the Chair of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances to address and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item on the promotion and protection of human rights;", "8. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the status of the Convention and the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[2]  A/HRC/16/48/Add.3 and Corr.1.", "[3]  Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[4]  A/66/284." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/160. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 61/177 of 20 December 2006, by which it adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance,", "Recalling its resolution 47/133 of 18 December 1992, by which it adopted the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance as a body of principles for all States,", "Recalling also its resolution 65/209 of 21 December 2010, as well as relevant resolutions adopted by the Human Rights Council, including resolution 16/16 of 24 March 2011, in which the Council took note of the report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on best practices relating to enforced disappearances in domestic criminal legislation, and encouraged States to give due consideration to the best practices described therein,", "Recalling also that no exceptional circumstances whatsoever may be invoked to justify an enforced disappearance,", "Deeply concerned, in particular, by the increase in enforced or involuntary disappearances in various regions of the world, including arrest, detention and abduction, when these are part of or amount to enforced disappearances, and by the increasing number of reports of harassment, ill-treatment and intimidation of witnesses of disappearances or relatives of persons who have disappeared,", "Recalling that the Convention establishes the right of victims to know the truth about the circumstances of the enforced disappearance, the progress and results of the investigation and the fate of the disappeared person, and sets forth the obligation of States parties to take appropriate measures in this regard,", "Acknowledging that enforced disappearances are recognized in the Convention as crimes against humanity in certain circumstances,", "Recognizing also the valuable work done by the International Committee of the Red Cross in promoting compliance with international humanitarian law in this field,", "1. Welcomes the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance on 23 December 2010, and recognizes that its implementation will contribute significantly to ending impunity and promoting and protecting all human rights for all;", "2. Also welcomes the fact that ninety States have signed and thirty States have ratified or acceded to the Convention, and calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention as a matter of priority and to consider the options relevant to the Committee on Enforced Disappearances provided for in articles 31 and 32 of the Convention;", "3. Also welcomes the holding of the first meeting of the States parties to the Convention on 31 May 2011 and the election of the members of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances at that meeting, as well as the commencement of the work of the Committee;", "4. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General;[4]", "Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to intensify their efforts to assist States in becoming parties to the Convention, with a view to achieving universal adherence;", "Also requests United Nations bodies and organizations, and invites intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, to continue their efforts to disseminate information on the Convention, to promote its understanding and to assist States parties in implementing their obligations under this instrument;", "7. Invites the Chair of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances and the Chair of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances to address and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session under the item on the promotion and protection of human rights;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the status of the Convention and the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect.", "[2] A/HRC/16/48/Add.3.", "[3] Resolution 61/177, annex.", "A/66/284." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/161. 全球化及其对充分享受所有人权的影响", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，特别表示需要实现国际合作，以促进和鼓励不加区别地尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》、[1] 世界人权会议1993年6月25日通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[2] 以及2001年9月8日反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议通过的《德班宣言和行动纲领》，[3]", "又回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》[4] 和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》，⁴", "还回顾大会1986年12月4日第41/128号决议通过的《发展权利宣言》，并强调指出，2011年是该宣言通过二十五周年，", "回顾《联合国千年宣言》[5] 以及分别于2000年6月5日至10日在纽约举行的大会第二十三届[6] 和于2000年6月26日至7月1日在日内瓦举行的大会第二十四届特别会议的成果文件，[7]", "又回顾大会2009年12月18日第64/174号和2010年12月21日第65/216号决议，", "确认所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存和相互关联的，国际社会必须以公正和平等的方式，在同等基础上，以同样的重视程度，全面对待人权，", "认识到全球化对各国的影响不同，使各国在人权等领域更易受到外部事态的积极或消极影响，", "又认识到全球化不仅是一个经济过程，它还涉及社会、政治、环境、文化和法律各方面，影响到所有人权和基本自由的充分享受，", "强调有必要充分落实全球发展伙伴关系，增进2005年世界首脑会议产生的势头，以便落实和履行包括2005年世界首脑会议在内的联合国经济、社会及有关领域各次主要会议和首脑会议的成果中所作承诺，尤其重申《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[8] 第19和47段中承诺促进公正的全球化，促进发展中国家生产部门的发展，使其能够更有效地参与全球化进程并从中受益，", "认识到有必要对全球化给各国社会造成的社会、环境和文化影响进行一次彻底、独立和全面的评估，", "确认每种文化都有值得认同、尊重和维护的尊严和价值，深信文化是丰富多彩、多样和相互影响的，所有文化都是全人类共同遗产的一部分，并意识到如果发展中国家仍处于贫穷和边缘化状态，则全球化很可能对文化多样性造成威胁，", "又确认多边机制在应对全球化所带来的挑战和机会方面可发挥独特作用，", "认识到有必要审议与全球化相关联的挑战和机会，以便应对这些挑战并利用可能存在的机会，促成所有人权的充分享受，", "强调移徙现象有着全球性质，必须开展国际、区域和双边合作，而且有必要保护移徙者的人权，特别是在全球化经济中移徙流动增加的时候，", "表示严重关切国际金融动荡对社会和经济发展以及充分享受所有人权的不利影响，特别是鉴于当前持续的全球金融和经济危机对实现国际商定发展目标，尤其是对实现千年发展目标带来了不利影响，并认识到发展中国家受此影响，处境尤难，而区域经济合作及发展战略与方案可在缓解此种影响方面发挥作用，", "表示深为关切持续全球粮食和能源危机及气候变化挑战对社会和经济发展以及对人人充分享受所有人权的不利影响，", "确认全球化应遵循各项人权文书所载的各项基本原则，包括公平、参与、问责、国家和国际两级的不歧视、尊重多样性、宽容以及国际合作与团结，", "强调大范围存在的极端贫穷妨碍充分落实和切实享受人权，而立即缓解和最终消除赤贫仍应是国际社会的一项高度优先工作，", "确认已被更多接受的一个认识是，债务最多的发展中国家债务负担日趋沉重不堪，成为实现可持续发展和消除贫穷的主要障碍之一，而且对许多发展中国家而言，大量偿债已严重制约了他们促进社会发展及为落实经济、社会和文化权利提供基本服务的能力，", "大力重申决心确保及时、全面实现联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议商定的发展目标和其他目标，包括千年首脑会议商定的被称为千年发展目标的各项目标和具体指标，它们有助于激发各方努力消除贫穷，", "严重关切发达国家与发展中国家之间以及国家内部的差距不断扩大，而缩小这种差距的措施不足，导致出现贫穷加剧等后果，并消极影响到所有人权的充分享受，在发展中国家尤其如此，", "强调跨国公司和其他工商企业有责任尊重所有人权，", "又强调人类力求建设一个尊重人权和文化多样性的世界，并且正在为此努力确保所有活动，包括受全球化影响的活动，均符合这些目标，", "1. 确认全球化除其他外影响到国家的作用，因而可能影响人权，但促进和保护所有人权首先是国家的责任；", "2. 强调发展应是国际经济议程的核心，要想创造有利的发展环境，要想实现包容而公平的全球化，国家发展战略与国际义务和承诺就必须协调一致；", "3. 重申缩小国内和国家之间的贫富差距是国家和国际两级的一项明确目标，是为充分享受所有人权创造有利环境的努力的一部分；", "4. 又重申承诺在国家一级以及在全球范围内创造有利于发展和消除贫穷的环境，途径包括促进各国国内和国际一级的善治，消除保护主义，提高金融、货币和贸易体系的透明度，并致力促进开放、公平、有章可循、可预测和不歧视的多边贸易和金融体系；", "5. 确认全球金融和经济危机依然影响着各国尤其是发展中国家调动发展资源及应对这一危机影响的能力，在此背景下吁请所有国家和国际社会以包容和注重发展的方式减轻这一危机对落实和切实享受所有人权的消极影响；", "6. 又确认全球化虽带来巨大的机遇，但其惠益的分享极不平均，其代价的分担也不均衡，这是全球化进程影响到所有人权的充分享受的一个方面，在发展中国家尤其如此；", "7. 欢迎联合国人权事务高级专员关于全球化及其对充分享受所有人权的影响的报告，[9] 其中着重阐述了农业贸易自由化及其对落实包括食物权在内的发展权的影响，并表示注意到其中所载的结论和建议；", "8. 重申消除饥饿及确保今天和明天“人人有饭吃”的国际承诺，并重申应保证联合国相关组织得到所需资源，以扩大和加强粮食援助，酌情通过利用当地或区域采购，支持为解决饥饿和营养不良问题而设立的社会安全网方案；", "9. 吁请会员国、联合国系统相关机构、政府间组织和民间社会通过促进包容、公平且环境上可持续的经济增长来管理全球化，以便有系统地减少贫穷，实现国际发展目标；", "10. 确认跨国公司和其他工商企业负责任的营运可有助于促进、保护和落实所有人权和基本自由，尤其是经济、社会和文化权利；", "11. 又确认只有通过广泛持续的努力，包括在全球一级采取政策和措施，在我们差别众多却共具人性这一基础上创造一个共同的未来，才能使全球化兼容并蓄、公平合理、富有人性，从而促进所有人权的充分享受；", "12. 着重指出亟需建立一个公平、透明而民主的国际制度，以加强和扩大发展中国家对国际经济决策和规范制定的参与；", "13. 申明全球化是一个复杂的结构转变过程，涉及多个跨学科层面，影响到公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利的享受，包括发展权的享受；", "14. 又申明国际社会在努力应对全球化带来的挑战和机遇时，应力求促进和保护人权，同时确保所有人的文化多样性得到尊重；", "15. 因此着重指出有必要继续分析全球化对充分享受所有人权的影响；", "16. 注意到秘书长的报告，[10] 并请秘书长继续进一步征求会员国和联合国系统相关机构的意见，并根据这些意见，包括关于如何应对全球化及其对充分享受所有人权的影响的建议，向大会第六十七届会议提出一份实质性报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[3] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。", "[4] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[5] 见第55/2号决议。", "[6] S-23/2号决议，附件；S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[7] S-24/2号决议，附件", "[8] 见第60/1号决议。", "[9] E/CN.4/2002/54。", "[10] A/66/293。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/161. Globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and expressing, in particular, the need to achieve international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] as well as the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993[2] and the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance on 8 September 2001,[3]", "Recalling also the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[4] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,⁴", "Recalling further the Declaration on the Right to Development adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, and underlining that 2011 marks the twenty‑fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration[5] and the outcome documents of the twenty‑third[6] and twenty‑fourth[7] special sessions of the General Assembly, held in New York from 5 to 10 June 2000 and in Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000, respectively,", "Recalling also its resolutions 64/174 of 18 December 2009 and 65/216 of 21 December 2010,", "Recognizing that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis,", "Realizing that globalization affects all countries differently and makes them more exposed to external developments, positive as well as negative, inter alia, in the field of human rights,", "Realizing also that globalization is not merely an economic process, but that it also has social, political, environmental, cultural and legal dimensions, which have an impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Emphasizing the need to fully implement the global partnership for development and enhance the momentum generated by the 2005 World Summit in order to operationalize and implement the commitments made in the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits, including the 2005 World Summit, in the economic, social and related fields, and reaffirming, in particular, the commitment contained in paragraphs 19 and 47 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome[8] to promote fair globalization and the development of the productive sectors in developing countries to enable them to participate more effectively in and benefit from the process of globalization,", "Realizing the need to undertake a thorough, independent and comprehensive assessment of the social, environmental and cultural impact of globalization on societies,", "Recognizing in each culture a dignity and value that deserve recognition, respect and preservation, convinced that, in their rich variety and diversity and in the reciprocal influences that they exert on one another, all cultures form part of the common heritage belonging to all humankind, and aware of the risk that globalization poses more of a threat to cultural diversity if the developing world remains poor and marginalized,", "Recognizing also that multilateral mechanisms have a unique role to play in meeting the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization,", "Realizing the need to consider the challenges and opportunities linked to globalization with a view to addressing such challenges and building on possible opportunities in order to achieve the full enjoyment of all human rights,", "Emphasizing the global character of the migratory phenomenon, the importance of international, regional and bilateral cooperation and the need to protect the human rights of migrants, particularly at a time in which migration flows have increased in the globalized economy,", "Expressing grave concern at the negative impact of international financial turmoil on social and economic development and on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly in the light of the continuing global financial and economic crisis, which has an adverse impact on the realization of the internationally agreed development goals, particularly the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizing that developing countries are in a more vulnerable situation when facing such impact and that regional economic cooperation and development strategies and programmes can play a role in mitigating such impact,", "Expressing deep concern at the negative impact of the continuing global food and energy crises and climate challenges on social and economic development and on the full enjoyment of all human rights for all,", "Recognizing that globalization should be guided by the fundamental principles that underpin the corpus of human rights, such as equity, participation, accountability, non‑discrimination at both the national and the international levels, respect for diversity, tolerance and international cooperation and solidarity,", "Emphasizing that the existence of widespread extreme poverty inhibits the full realization and effective enjoyment of human rights and that its immediate alleviation and eventual elimination must remain a high priority for the international community,", "Acknowledging that there is greater acceptance that the increasing debt burden faced by the most indebted developing countries is unsustainable and constitutes one of the principal obstacles to achieving sustainable development and poverty eradication and that, for many developing countries, excessive debt servicing has severely constrained their capacity to promote social development and to provide basic services to realize economic, social and cultural rights,", "Strongly reiterating the determination to ensure the timely and full realization of the development goals and objectives agreed at the major United Nations conferences and summits, including those agreed at the Millennium Summit, that are described as the Millennium Development Goals, which have helped to galvanize efforts towards poverty eradication,", "Gravely concerned at the inadequacy of measures to narrow the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries, and within countries, which has contributed to, inter alia, deepening poverty and has adversely affected the full enjoyment of all human rights, in particular in developing countries,", "Emphasizing that transnational corporations and other business enterprises have a responsibility to respect all human rights,", "Emphasizing also that human beings strive for a world that is respectful of human rights and cultural diversity and that, in this regard, they work to ensure that all activities, including those affected by globalization, are consistent with those aims,", "1. Recognizes that, while globalization, by its impact on, inter alia, the role of the State, may affect human rights, the promotion and protection of all human rights is first and foremost the responsibility of the State;", "2. Emphasizes that development should be at the centre of the international economic agenda and that coherence between national development strategies and international obligations and commitments is imperative for an enabling environment for development and an inclusive and equitable globalization;", "3. Reaffirms that narrowing the gap between rich and poor, both within and between countries, is an explicit goal at the national and international levels, as part of the effort to create an enabling environment for the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "4. Also reaffirms the commitment to create an environment at both the national and the global levels that is conducive to development and to the eradication of poverty by, inter alia, promoting good governance within each country and at the international level, eliminating protectionism, enhancing transparency in the financial, monetary and trading systems and committing to an open, equitable, rule‑based, predictable and non‑discriminatory multilateral trading and financial system;", "5. Recognizes the impacts that the global financial and economic crisis is still having on the ability of countries, particularly developing countries, to mobilize resources for development and to address the impact of this crisis, and, in this context, calls upon all States and the international community to alleviate, in an inclusive and development‑oriented manner, any negative impacts of this crisis on the realization and the effective enjoyment of all human rights;", "6. Also recognizes that, while globalization offers great opportunities, the fact that its benefits are very unevenly shared and its costs unevenly distributed represents an aspect of the process that affects the full enjoyment of all human rights, in particular in developing countries;", "7. Welcomes the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of human rights,[9] which focuses on the liberalization of agricultural trade and its impact on the realization of the right to development, including the right to food, and takes note of the conclusions and recommendations contained therein;", "8. Reaffirms the international commitment to eliminating hunger and to securing food for all, today and tomorrow, and reiterates that the relevant United Nations organizations should be assured the resources needed to expand and enhance their food assistance, and support social safety net programmes designed to address hunger and malnutrition, when appropriate, through the use of local or regional purchase;", "9. Calls upon Member States, relevant agencies of the United Nations system, intergovernmental organizations and civil society to promote inclusive, equitable and environmentally sustainable economic growth for managing globalization so that poverty is systematically reduced and the international development targets are achieved;", "10. Recognizes that the responsible operations of transnational corporations and other business enterprises can contribute to the promotion, protection and fulfilment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular economic, social and cultural rights;", "11. Also recognizes that only through broad and sustained efforts, including policies and measures at the global level to create a shared future based upon our common humanity in all its diversity, can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable and have a human face, thus contributing to the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "12. Underlines the urgent need to establish an equitable, transparent and democratic international system to strengthen and broaden the participation of developing countries in international economic decision‑making and norm‑setting;", "13. Affirms that globalization is a complex process of structural transformation, with numerous interdisciplinary aspects, which has an impact on the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development;", "14. Also affirms that the international community should strive to respond to the challenges and opportunities posed by globalization in a manner that promotes and protects human rights while ensuring respect for the cultural diversity of all;", "15. Underlines, therefore, the need to continue to analyse the consequences of globalization for the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "16. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General,[10] and requests him to continue to seek further the views of Member States and relevant agencies of the United Nations system and to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a substantive report on the subject based on these views, including recommendations on ways to address the impact of globalization on the full enjoyment of all human rights.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I.", "[4]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5]  See resolution 55/2.", "[6]  Resolution S‑23/2, annex, and resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[7]  Resolution S‑24/2, annex.", "[8]  See resolution 60/1.", "[9]  E/CN.4/2002/54.", "[10]  A/66/293." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/161. Globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and expressing in particular the need to achieve international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, and the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance on 8 September 2001, [3]", "Recalling also the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,", "Recalling further the Declaration on the Right to Development adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, and stressing that 2011 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the outcome documents of the twenty-third [6] session of the General Assembly, held in New York from 5 to 10 June 2000, and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly, held in Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000, respectively,", "Recalling also its resolutions 64/174 of 18 December 2009 and 65/216 of 21 December 2010,", "Recognizing that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis,", "Realizing that globalization affects all countries differently and makes them more exposed to external developments, positive as well as negative, inter alia, in the field of human rights,", "Realizing also that globalization is not merely an economic process, but that it also has social, political, environmental, cultural and legal dimensions, which have an impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Emphasizing the need to fully implement the global partnership for development and build on the momentum generated by the 2005 World Summit in order to operationalize and implement the commitments made in the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits, including the 2005 World Summit, in the economic, social and related fields, and reaffirming in particular the commitment contained in paragraphs 19 and 47 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome to promote fair globalization and the development of the productive sectors of developing countries to enable them to participate more effectively in and benefit from the process of globalization,", "Realizing the need for a thorough, independent and comprehensive assessment of the social, environmental and cultural impact of globalization on societies,", "Recognizing in each culture a dignity and value that deserve recognition, respect and preservation, convinced that, in their rich variety and diversity and in the reciprocal influences that they exert on one another, all cultures form part of the common heritage belonging to all humankind, and conscious that globalization is likely to pose a threat to cultural diversity if the developing countries remain poor and marginalized,", "Recognizing also that multilateral mechanisms have a unique role to play in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization,", "Recognizing the need to consider the challenges and opportunities associated with globalization in order to address them and take advantage of possible opportunities for the full enjoyment of all human rights,", "Emphasizing the global character of the migratory phenomenon, the importance of international, regional and bilateral cooperation and the need to protect the human rights of migrants, especially at a time of increased migratory flows in the globalized economy,", "Expressing grave concern about the negative impact of international financial turbulence on social and economic development and on the full enjoyment of all human rights, in particular in the light of the ongoing global financial and economic crisis, which has a negative impact on the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, in particular the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizing the particular vulnerability of developing countries to this impact and the role that regional economic cooperation and development strategies and programmes can play in mitigating this impact,", "Expressing deep concern about the negative impact of the continuing global food and energy crises and climate change challenges on social and economic development and on the full enjoyment of all human rights by all,", "Recognizing that globalization should be guided by the fundamental principles enshrined in human rights instruments, including equity, participation, accountability, non-discrimination at the national and international levels, respect for diversity, tolerance and international cooperation and solidarity,", "Emphasizing that the existence of widespread extreme poverty inhibits the full realization and effective enjoyment of human rights and that its immediate alleviation and eventual eradication should remain a high priority for the international community,", "Recognizing that there is greater acceptance that the increasing debt burden of the most indebted developing countries is one of the major obstacles to achieving sustainable development and poverty eradication and that, for many developing countries, substantial debt servicing has severely constrained their capacity to promote social development and provide basic services for the implementation of economic, social and cultural rights,", "Strongly reiterating the determination to ensure the timely and full realization of the development and other goals agreed at the major United Nations conferences and summits, including those agreed at the Millennium Summit that are known as the Millennium Development Goals, which have helped to galvanize efforts to eradicate poverty,", "Gravely concerned at the inadequacy of measures to narrow the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries, as well as within countries, which has resulted, inter alia, in increased poverty and has adversely affected the full enjoyment of all human rights, in particular in developing countries,", "Emphasizing that transnational corporations and other business enterprises have a responsibility to respect all human rights,", "Stressing also that humanity seeks a world that is respectful of human rights and cultural diversity and that, to that end, it is working to ensure that all activities, including those affected by globalization, are consistent with those aims,", "Recognizes that, while globalization, by its impact on, inter alia, the role of the State, may affect human rights, the promotion and protection of all human rights is first and foremost the responsibility of the State;", "2. Emphasizes that development should be at the heart of the international economic agenda and that coherence between national development strategies and international obligations and commitments is essential for an enabling environment for development and an inclusive and equitable globalization;", "Reaffirms that narrowing the gap between rich and poor, both within and between countries, is an explicit goal at the national and international levels, as part of the effort to create an enabling environment for the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "4. Also reaffirms the commitment to create an environment at the national and global levels that is conducive to development and to the elimination of poverty through, inter alia, good governance within each country and at the international level, the elimination of protectionism, transparency in the financial, monetary and trading systems and commitment to an open, equitable, rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory multilateral trading and financial system;", "5. Recognizes that the global financial and economic crisis continues to affect the ability of States, in particular developing countries, to mobilize resources for development and to respond to the impact of the crisis, and in this context calls upon all States and the international community to mitigate, in an inclusive and development-oriented manner, the negative impact of the crisis on the realization and effective enjoyment of all human rights;", "6. Also recognizes that, while globalization offers great opportunities, the fact that its benefits are very unevenly shared and its costs unevenly distributed represents an aspect of the process that affects the full enjoyment of all human rights, in particular in developing countries;", "7. Welcomes the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights, which focuses on the liberalization of agricultural trade and its impact on the realization of the right to development, including the right to food, and takes note of the conclusions and recommendations contained therein;", "Reaffirms the international commitment to eradicate hunger and to ensure “food for all” today and tomorrow, and also reaffirms that the relevant United Nations organizations should be assured the resources necessary to expand and strengthen food aid and to support social safety net programmes to address hunger and malnutrition, as appropriate, through the use of local or regional procurement;", "9. Calls upon Member States, relevant bodies of the United Nations system, intergovernmental organizations and civil society to manage globalization by promoting inclusive, equitable and environmentally sustainable economic growth in order to systematically reduce poverty and achieve the international development goals;", "10. Recognizes that the responsible operation of transnational corporations and other business enterprises can contribute to the promotion, protection and fulfilment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular economic, social and cultural rights;", "11. Also recognizes that only through broad and sustained efforts, including policies and measures at the global level to create a shared future based on our vast diversity but shared humanity, can globalization be made fully inclusive, equitable and equitable and have a human face, thus contributing to the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "Stresses the urgent need to establish an equitable, transparent and democratic international system to strengthen and broaden the participation of developing countries in international economic decision-making and norm-setting;", "Affirms that globalization is a complex process of structural transformation, with multiple interdisciplinary aspects, which has an impact on the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development;", "14. Also affirms that the international community, in its efforts to respond to the challenges and opportunities posed by globalization, should strive to promote and protect human rights while ensuring respect for the cultural diversity of all;", "15. Underlines, therefore, the need to continue to analyse the consequences of globalization for the full enjoyment of all human rights;", "16. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General,[10] and requests the Secretary-General to continue to seek further the views of Member States and relevant agencies of the United Nations system and to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a substantive report based on those views, including recommendations on how to address globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of all human rights.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3] See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap.", "[4] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5] See resolution 55/2.", "[6] Resolution S-23/2, annex; resolution S-23/3, annex.", "[7] Resolution S-24/2, annex", "[8] See resolution 60/1.", "[9] E/CN.4/2002/54.", "[10] A/66/293." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/162. 中部非洲次区域人权与民主中心", "大会，", "回顾其关于促进和保护人权的区域安排的2000年12月4日第55/105号决议，", "又回顾其2000年11月20日第55/34B号和2000年12月23日第55/233号决议、2000年12月23日第55/234号决议第三节、2001年12月24日第56/253号决议，以及关于中部非洲次区域人权与民主中心的2003年12月22日第58/176号、2004年12月20日第59/183号、2005年12月16日第60/151号、2006年12月19日第61/158号、2007年12月22日第62/221号、2008年12月18日第63/177号和2009年12月18日第64/165号决议，", "还回顾世界人权会议建议提供更多资源，以便在联合国人权事务高级专员办事处人权领域技术合作方案下加强促进和保护人权的区域安排，[1]", "回顾高级专员的报告，[2]", "表示注意到2009年11月9日至13日在恩贾梅纳、2010年4月26日至30日在金沙萨、2010年11月15日至19日在布拉柴维尔、2011年3月12日至16日在圣多美分别举行了联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会第二十九次、第三十次、第三十一次和第三十二次部长级会议，", "又表示注意到秘书长的报告，[3]", "欢迎《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[4] 尤其是其中确认决定在其后五年将高级专员办事处经常预算增加一倍，", "1. 欢迎雅温得中部非洲次区域人权与民主中心的各项活动；", "2. 满意地注意到东道国为设立该中心提供了支持；", "3. 又满意地注意到该中心目前正在与西非国家经济共同体成员国和卢旺达合作开展的活动；", "4. 表示注意到该中心2012-2013年战略优先专题，例如消除歧视，注重土著居民、残疾人、移徙工人及其家庭的权利、妇女人权和性别平等问题；加强法治和打击有罪不罚现象；推动民主和善治；促进和保护经济、社会及文化权利；加强国内人权机构以及与国际和区域人权机制的合作；", "5. 满意地注意到举办了该中心成立十周年庆祝活动；", "6. 鼓励该中心加强其与非洲联盟、中非国家经济共同体、联合国中部非洲区域办事处和该次区域联合国国家工作队等次区域组织和机构的合作，并投入资源以强化与这些组织和机构的关系；", "7. 鼓励区域代表和中心主任继续为常驻日内瓦和雅温得的中部非洲各国大使定期举办通报会，并在区域代表访问期间在次区域有关国家举办通报会，以便交流该中心活动信息，规划该中心的工作方向；", "8. 注意到秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员为确保充分执行大会相关决议[5] 以便为该中心执行任务提供充足资金和人力资源而作的努力；", "9. 请秘书长和高级专员在高级专员办事处现有资源范围内继续提供更多资金和人力资源，以使该中心能够积极、有效地满足中部非洲次区域在促进和保护人权以及发展民主文化和法治方面日益增多的需要；", "10. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[2] 《大会正式记录，第五十六届会议，补编第36号》，增编(A/56/36/Add.1)。", "[3] A/66/325。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] 第61/158、62/221、63/177和64/165号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/162. Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 55/105 of 4 December 2000 concerning regional arrangements for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling also its resolutions 55/34 B of 20 November 2000 and 55/233 of 23 December 2000, section III of its resolution 55/234 of 23 December 2000, its resolution 56/253 of 24 December 2001 and its resolutions 58/176 of 22 December 2003, 59/183 of 20 December 2004, 60/151 of 16 December 2005, 61/158 of 19 December 2006, 62/221 of 22 December 2007, 63/177 of 18 December 2008 and 64/165 of 18 December 2009 on the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa,", "Recalling further that the World Conference on Human Rights recommended that more resources be made available for the strengthening of regional arrangements for the promotion and protection of human rights under the programme of technical cooperation in the field of human rights of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,[1]", "Recalling the report of the High Commissioner,[2]", "Taking note of the holding of the twenty‑ninth, thirtieth, thirty‑first and thirty‑second ministerial meetings of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa, in N’Djamena from 9 to 13 November 2009, in Kinshasa from 26 to 30 April 2010, in Brazzaville from 15 to 19 November 2010 and in Sao Tome from 12 to 16 March 2011,", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary‑General,[3]", "Welcoming the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[4] in particular the decision confirmed therein to double the regular budget of the Office of the High Commissioner over the subsequent five years,", "1. Welcomes the activities of the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa at Yaoundé;", "2. Notes with satisfaction the support provided for the establishment of the Centre by the host country;", "3. Also notes with satisfaction the ongoing activities of the Centre in cooperation with the States members of the Economic Community of Central African States and Rwanda;", "4. Takes note of the strategic thematic priorities of the Centre for the period 2012–2013, such as elimination of discrimination, focusing on the rights of indigenous populations, persons with disabilities, migrant workers and their families, women’s human rights and gender issues; strengthening the rule of law and combating impunity; promotion of democracy and good governance; promotion and protection of economic, social and cultural rights; and strengthening national human rights institutions and cooperation with international and regional human rights mechanisms;", "5. Notes with satisfaction the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Centre;", "6. Encourages the Centre to strengthen its cooperation and invest in relations with subregional organizations and bodies, including the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa and the United Nations country teams of the subregion;", "7. Encourages the Regional Representative and Director of the Centre to continue to hold regular briefings for the ambassadors of Central African States based in Geneva and Yaoundé, as well as in countries of the subregion during visits of the Regional Representative, with the aim of exchanging information on the activities of the Centre and charting its direction;", "8. Notes the efforts of the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to ensure the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly[5] in order to provide sufficient funds and human resources for the missions of the Centre;", "9. Requests the Secretary‑General and the High Commissioner to continue to provide additional funds and human resources within the existing resources of the Office of the High Commissioner to enable the Centre to respond positively and effectively to the growing needs in the promotion and protection of human rights and in developing a culture of democracy and the rule of law in the Central African subregion;", "10. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[2]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 36, addendum (A/56/36/Add.1).", "[3]  A/66/325.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]   Resolutions 61/158, 62/221, 63/177 and 64/165." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/162. Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 55/105 of 4 December 2000 concerning regional arrangements for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling also its resolutions 55/34 B of 20 November 2000 and 55/233 of 23 December 2000, section III of its resolution 55/234 of 23 December 2000, its resolution 56/253 of 24 December 2001 and its resolutions 58/176 of 22 December 2003, 59/183 of 20 December 2004, 60/151 of 16 December 2005, 61/158 of 19 December 2006, 62/221 of 22 December 2007, 63/177 of 18 December 2008 and 64/165 of 18 December 2009 on the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa,", "Recalling further that the World Conference on Human Rights recommended that more resources be made available for the strengthening of regional arrangements for the promotion and protection of human rights under the programme of technical cooperation in the field of human rights of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, [1]", "Recalling the report of the High Commissioner,[2]", "Taking note of the holding of the twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first and thirty-second ministerial meetings of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa in N ' Djamena from 9 to 13 November 2009, Kinshasa from 26 to 30 April 2010, Brazzaville from 15 to 19 November 2010 and Sao Tome from 12 to 16 March 2011,", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary-General,[3]", "Welcoming the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[4] in particular the decision confirmed therein to double the regular budget of the Office of the High Commissioner for the following five years,", "Welcomes the activities of the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa at Yaoundé;", "Notes with satisfaction the support provided for the establishment of the Centre by the host country;", "3. Also notes with satisfaction the ongoing activities of the Centre in cooperation with the States members of the Economic Community of West African States and Rwanda;", "4. Takes note of the strategic thematic priorities of the Centre for the period 2012-2013, such as combating discrimination, focusing on the rights of indigenous populations, persons with disabilities, migrant workers and their families, women ' s human rights and gender equality; strengthening the rule of law and combating impunity; promoting democracy and good governance; promoting and protecting economic, social and cultural rights; and strengthening national human rights institutions and cooperation with international and regional human rights mechanisms;", "5. Notes with satisfaction the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Centre;", "Encourages the Centre to strengthen its cooperation with subregional organizations and institutions, including the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa and the United Nations country teams in the subregion, and to devote resources to strengthening its relations with those organizations and institutions;", "7. Encourages the regional representatives and the Director of the Centre to continue to organize regular briefings for the ambassadors of the Central African countries accredited to Geneva and Yaoundé and to organize briefings in the countries of the subregion during the visits of the regional representatives in order to exchange information on the activities of the Centre and to plan the direction of its work;", "8. Notes the efforts of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to ensure the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly[5] in order to provide adequate financial and human resources for the Centre to carry out its mandate;", "Requests the Secretary-General and the High Commissioner to continue to provide additional financial and human resources, within the existing resources of the Office of the High Commissioner, to enable the Centre to respond positively and effectively to the growing needs in the promotion and protection of human rights and in developing a culture of democracy and the rule of law in the Central African subregion;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[2] Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 36, addendum (A/56/36/Add.1).", "[3] A/66/325.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] Resolutions 61/158, 62/221, 63/177 and 64/165." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/163. 加强联合国在推进定期真正选举和促进民主化方面的作用", "大会，", "重申民主是一种普世价值，其基础是人民自由表达的决定自身政治、经济、社会和文化制度的意志以及人民对其生活所有各个方面的全面参与，", "又重申虽然民主政体有一些共同的特征，但并不存在一种单一的民主模式，而且民主不属于任何一个国家或地区，还重申主权和自决权必须得到应有尊重，", "强调民主、发展及尊重各项人权和基本自由相互依存、互为强化，", "重申会员国有责任组织、落实并确保自由和公正的选举进程，会员国在行使主权时可请国际组织提供咨询服务或援助以加强和发展其选举机构和进程，包括为此派遣筹备团，", "确认必须举行公正、定期和真正的选举，包括在新的民主政体和正在民主化的国家举行此种选举，以增强公民表达意愿的力量，推动向长期、可持续民主制度方向成功过渡，", "又确认会员国有责任确保举行自由、公正的选举，杜绝任何恫吓、胁迫和篡改计票结果的行为，并确保一切此类行为均受到相应惩处，", "回顾其以往关于这一问题的各项决议，特别是2009年12月18日第64/155号决议，", "重申只有在有关会员国提出明确请求时联合国才提供选举援助和促进民主化支助，", "满意地注意到越来越多的会员国利用选举作为了解民意的和平手段，此举可建立对代议政制的信心，有助于增强国家和平与稳定，同时也可促进区域稳定，", "回顾1948年12月10日通过的《世界人权宣言》，[1] 特别是以定期真正选举所体现的人民意志作为政府权力基础的原则，以及通过定期真正选举来自由选择代表的权利，选举应以普遍、平等的投票权为依据，并以不记名投票方式或按照同等自由投票程序进行，", "重申《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[2]《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[3] 和《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》，[4] 特别是每个公民都毫无区别地有权利和机会直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务，并在真正的定期选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应依据普遍和平等的投票权，并以不记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人自由表达意志，", "强调在普遍意义上和对促进公正自由选举而言，根据《公民及政治权利国际公约》，尊重寻求、接受和传播信息的自由非常重要，并尤其注意到信息获取和新闻自由至关重要，", "确认必须加强请求国的民主进程、选举机构和国家能力建设，包括请求国举行公平选举、促进妇女与男子平等参与、增加公民参与以及提供公民教育的能力，以此巩固以往选举的成果，使其常态化，并支持以后的选举，", "注意到必须确保有序、公开、公正和透明的民主进程，以维护和平集会权利，", "又注意到国际社会可帮助创造条件，以便在整个选举前、选举期间和选举后阶段以及在过渡时期和冲突后局势中，促进稳定与安全，", "再次申明透明度是自由、公正选举的根本基础，可促使各国政府接受公民问责，而这种问责又构成民主社会的一个支柱，", "在这方面承认国际选举观察很重要，可促进自由、公正的选举，帮助提高请求国选举进程的诚信度，增强公众信心和选民参与，降低选举动乱的潜在可能性，", "又承认发出国际选举援助和(或)观察邀请是会员国的主权权利，欢迎一些国家已作出请求此类援助和(或)观察的决定，", "欢迎会员国对联合国选举援助活动提供支助，除其他外提供包括选举委员会工作人员在内的选举专家以及观察员，并向联合国选举援助信托基金、联合国开发计划署民主治理专题信托基金和联合国民主基金提供捐助，", "确认选举援助，特别是通过提供适当、可持续和具有成本效益的选举技术，有助于发展中国家的选举进程，", "又确认联合国内部和外部参与提供选举援助的行为体众多，导致协调困难，", "欢迎国际组织和区域组织以及非政府组织为提高定期真正选举原则的效力和促进民主化所作的贡献，", "1. 欢迎秘书长的报告；[5]", "2. 赞扬联合国应请求向会员国提供选举援助，要求继续逐案根据请求国不断变化的需求和立法提供此种援助，以发展、改进和完善其选举机构和过程，同时确认组织自由公平选举的责任在于各国政府；", "3. 重申联合国提供的选举援助应继续以客观、公正、中立和独立的方式落实；", "4. 请担任联合国选举援助事务协调人的主管政治事务副秘书长继续定期向会员国通报所收到的请求和所提供援助的性质；", "5. 请联合国继续努力，在承诺向请求国提供选举援助之前，确保有充分时间组织和执行有效的任务，提供选举援助，包括提供长期技术合作，确保存在举行自由公平选举的条件，并确保全面而连贯一致地报告任务执行结果；", "6. 注意到为在全国和地方举办高效、透明选举提供足够资源的重要性，并建议会员国为这些选举提供足够资源，包括考虑在可行时建立内部供资机制；", "7. 建议联合国依据需求评估并根据请求国不断变化的需求，同时在顾及可持续性和成本效益的情况下，在酌情包括选举前和选举后的整个选举周期中继续向请求国和选举机构提供技术咨询和其他援助，以帮助加强其民主过程，同时铭记相关部门可应会员国请求，以调解和斡旋形式提供额外协助；", "8. 赞赏地注意到目前正在进一步努力加强与其他国际组织、政府组织和非政府组织的合作，以利于对选举援助请求作出更加全面、针对具体需求的回应，鼓励这些组织交流知识与经验，以便推广在它们提供援助和报告选举进程方面的最佳做法，并对派遣观察员或技术专家支持联合国选举援助努力的会员国、区域组织和非政府组织表示感谢；", "9. 确认宗旨是协调参与观察选举的众多政府间组织和非政府组织所采用的方法和标准，因而表示赞赏《国际选举观察工作原则宣言》和《国际选举观察员行为守则》，其中阐述了国际选举观察工作的准则；", "10. 回顾秘书长设立了联合国选举援助信托基金，并考虑到基金内的资金目前已几乎用尽，吁请会员国考虑向基金提供捐助；", "11. 鼓励秘书长通过联合国选举援助事务协调人，在秘书处政治事务部选举援助司的支助下，继续根据援助请求的性质不断变化，对具体类型中期专家援助的需求日益增多的情况作出回应，特别是通过提高国家选举机构的能力，支持和加强请求国政府的现有能力；", "12. 请秘书长为选举援助司提供适当的人力和财力资源，使其能够履行任务，包括使选举专家名册更易于调阅，使专家来源更加多样，同时增强本组织在选举方面的机构记忆，并继续确保联合国人权事务高级专员办事处能够同选举援助司密切协调，在其任务范围内回应会员国提出的大量日趋复杂和广泛的咨询服务请求；", "13. 重申选举援助司与联合国开发计划署及秘书处维持和平行动部和外勤支助部有必要在联合国选举援助事务协调人主持下不断进行全面协调，以确保联合国选举援助的协调和连贯性并避免工作重复，此外鼓励联合国人权事务高级专员办事处在这方面加强参与；", "14. 请联合国开发计划署与其他相关组织合作，继续其民主治理援助方案，特别是推动加强民主机构以及民间社会与政府之间联系的方案；", "15. 再次申明必须加强联合国系统内部和外部的协调，重申联合国选举援助事务协调人在联合国系统内部的明确领导作用，包括在确保全系统连贯一致性，加强机构记忆及拟订、宣传和发布联合国选举援助政策方面的作用；", "16. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十八届会议提出报告，特别应说明会员国提出的选举援助请求现状，并说明他为加强联合国对会员国民主化进程的支持而作的努力。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[4] 同上，第660卷，第9464号。", "[5] A/66/314。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/163. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in enhancing periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that democracy is a universal value based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives,", "Reaffirming also that, while democracies share common features, there is no single model of democracy and that democracy does not belong to any country or region, and reaffirming further the necessity of due respect for sovereignty and the right to self‑determination,", "Stressing that democracy, development and respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing,", "Reaffirming that Member States are responsible for organizing, conducting and ensuring free and fair electoral processes and that Member States, in the exercise of their sovereignty, may request that international organizations provide advisory services or assistance for strengthening and developing their electoral institutions and processes, including sending preliminary missions for that purpose,", "Recognizing the importance of fair, periodic and genuine elections, including in new democracies and countries undergoing democratization, in order to empower citizens to express their will and to promote successful transition to long‑term sustainable democracies,", "Recognizing also that Member States are responsible for ensuring free and fair elections, free of intimidation, coercion and tampering of vote counts, and that all such acts are sanctioned accordingly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, in particular resolution 64/155 of 18 December 2009,", "Reaffirming that United Nations electoral assistance and support for the promotion of democratization are provided only at the specific request of the Member State concerned,", "Noting with satisfaction that increasing numbers of Member States are using elections as a peaceful means of discerning the will of the people, which builds confidence in representational governance and contributes to greater national peace and stability, and may contribute to regional stability,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948,[1] in particular the principle that the will of the people, as expressed through periodic and genuine elections, shall be the basis of government authority, as well as the right freely to choose representatives through periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures,", "Reaffirming the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[2] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[3] and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[4] in particular that citizens, without distinction of any kind, have the right and the opportunity to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, and to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors,", "Stressing the importance, generally and in the context of promoting fair and free elections, of respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and noting in particular the fundamental importance of access to information and media freedom,", "Recognizing the need for strengthening democratic processes, electoral institutions and national capacity‑building in requesting countries, including the capacity to administer fair elections, promote the participation of women on equal terms with men, increase citizen participation and provide civic education in requesting countries in order to consolidate and regularize the achievements of previous elections and support subsequent elections,", "Noting the importance of ensuring orderly, open, fair and transparent democratic processes that preserve the right of peaceful assembly,", "Noting also that the international community can contribute to creating conditions which could foster stability and security throughout the pre‑election, election and post‑election periods in transitional and post‑conflict situations,", "Reiterating that transparency is a fundamental basis for free and fair elections, which contribute to the accountability of Governments to their citizens, which, in turn, is an underpinning of democratic societies,", "Acknowledging, in this regard, the importance of international election observation for the promotion of free and fair elections and its contribution to enhancing the integrity of election processes in requesting countries, to promoting public confidence and electoral participation and to mitigating the potential for election‑related disturbances,", "Acknowledging also that extending invitations regarding international electoral assistance and/or observation is the sovereign right of Member States, and welcoming the decisions of those States that have requested such assistance and/or observation,", "Welcoming the support provided by Member States to the electoral assistance activities of the United Nations, inter alia, through the provision of electoral experts, including electoral commission staff, and observers, as well as through contributions to the United Nations Trust Fund for Electoral Assistance, the Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund of the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Democracy Fund,", "Recognizing that electoral assistance, particularly through appropriate, sustainable and cost‑effective electoral technology, supports the electoral processes of developing countries,", "Recognizing also the coordination challenges posed by the multiplicity of actors involved in electoral assistance both within and outside the United Nations,", "Welcoming the contributions made by international and regional organizations and also by non‑governmental organizations to enhancing the effectiveness of the principle of periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary‑General;[5]", "2. Commends the electoral assistance provided upon request to Member States by the United Nations, and requests that such assistance continue on a case‑by‑case basis in accordance with the evolving needs and legislation of requesting countries to develop, improve and refine their electoral institutions and processes, recognizing that the responsibility for organizing free and fair elections lies with Governments;", "3. Reaffirms that the electoral assistance provided by the United Nations should continue to be carried out in an objective, impartial, neutral and independent manner;", "4. Requests the Under‑Secretary‑General for Political Affairs, in his role as United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, to continue to inform Member States regularly about the requests received and the nature of any assistance provided;", "5. Requests that the United Nations continue its efforts to ensure, before undertaking to provide electoral assistance to a requesting State, that there is adequate time to organize and carry out an effective mission for providing such assistance, including the provision of long‑term technical cooperation, that conditions exist to allow a free and fair election and that the results of the mission will be reported comprehensively and consistently;", "6. Notes the importance of adequate resources for the administration of efficient and transparent elections at the national and local levels, and recommends that Member States provide adequate resources for these elections, including to consider establishing internal funding where feasible;", "7. Recommends that, throughout the timespan of the entire electoral cycle, including before and after elections, as appropriate, based on a needs assessment and in accordance with the evolving needs of requesting Member States, bearing in mind sustainability and cost‑effectiveness, the United Nations continue to provide technical advice and other assistance to requesting States and electoral institutions in order to help to strengthen their democratic processes, also bearing in mind that the relevant office may additionally provide assistance in the form of mediation and good offices, upon the request of Member States;", "8. Notes with appreciation the additional efforts being made to enhance cooperation with other international, governmental and non‑governmental organizations in order to facilitate more comprehensive and needs‑specific responses to requests for electoral assistance, encourages those organizations to share knowledge and experience in order to promote best practices in the assistance they provide and in their reporting on electoral processes, and expresses its appreciation to those Member States, regional organizations and non‑governmental organizations that have provided observers or technical experts in support of United Nations electoral assistance efforts;", "9. Acknowledges the aim of harmonizing the methods and standards of the many intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations engaged in observing elections, and in this regard expresses appreciation for the Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and the Code of Conduct for International Election Observers, which elaborate guidelines for international electoral observation;", "10. Recalls the establishment by the Secretary‑General of the United Nations Trust Fund for Electoral Assistance, and, bearing in mind that the Fund is currently close to depletion, calls upon Member States to consider contributing to the Fund;", "11. Encourages the Secretary‑General, through the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters and with the support of the Electoral Assistance Division of the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, to continue responding to the evolving nature of requests for assistance and the growing need for specific types of medium‑term expert assistance aimed at supporting and strengthening the existing capacity of the requesting Government, in particular by enhancing the capacity of national electoral institutions;", "12. Requests the Secretary‑General to provide the Electoral Assistance Division with adequate human and financial resources to allow it to carry out its mandate, including to enhance the accessibility and diversity of the roster of electoral experts and the Organization’s electoral institutional memory, and to continue to ensure that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is able to respond, within its mandate and in close coordination with the Division, to the numerous and increasingly complex and comprehensive requests from Member States for advisory services;", "13. Reiterates the need for ongoing comprehensive coordination, under the auspices of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, between the Electoral Assistance Division and the United Nations Development Programme and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support of the Secretariat to ensure coordination and coherence and avoid duplication of United Nations electoral assistance, and encourages further engagement of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in this context;", "14. Requests the United Nations Development Programme to continue its democratic governance assistance programmes in cooperation with other relevant organizations, in particular those that promote the strengthening of democratic institutions and linkages between civil society and Governments;", "15. Reiterates the importance of reinforced coordination within and outside the United Nations system, and reaffirms the clear leadership role within the United Nations system of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, including in ensuring system‑wide coherence and consistency and in strengthening the institutional memory and the development, dissemination and issuance of United Nations electoral assistance policies;", "16. Requests the Secretary‑General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular on the status of requests from Member States for electoral assistance, and on his efforts to enhance support by the Organization for the democratization process in Member States.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[5]  A/66/314." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/163. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in enhancing periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that democracy is a universal value based on the freely expressed will of people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives,", "Reaffirming also that, while democracies share common features, there is no single model of democracy and that democracy does not belong to any country or region, and reaffirming also that sovereignty and the right to self-determination must be duly respected,", "Emphasizing that democracy, development and respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of Member States to organize, implement and ensure free and fair electoral processes and that, in the exercise of their sovereignty, Member States may request advisory services or assistance from international organizations to strengthen and develop their electoral institutions and processes, including through preparatory missions,", "Recognizing the importance of fair, periodic and genuine elections, including in new democracies and in countries undergoing democratization, to empower citizens to express their will and to facilitate a successful transition to long-term, sustainable democracy,", "Recognizing also the responsibility of Member States to ensure that free and fair elections are held and to refrain from any acts of intimidation, coercion or falsification of the results of counting, and that all such acts are punished accordingly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, in particular resolution 64/155 of 18 December 2009,", "Reaffirming that United Nations electoral assistance and support for the promotion of democratization are provided only at the specific request of the Member State concerned,", "Noting with satisfaction that an increasing number of Member States are using elections as a peaceful means of ascertaining the will of the people, which can build confidence in representative governance and contribute to enhancing national peace and stability, while also contributing to regional stability,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948, in particular the principle that the will of the people, as reflected in periodic and genuine elections, shall be the basis of government authority and the right freely to choose representatives through periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot or by equally free voting procedures,", "Reaffirming the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[2] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[3] and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[4] in particular that every citizen without distinction of any kind has the right and the opportunity to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, and to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot in order to guarantee the free expression of the will of the electors,", "Stressing the importance of respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, in general and to promote fair and free elections, in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and noting in particular the importance of access to information and freedom of the press,", "Recognizing the importance of strengthening democratic processes, electoral institutions and national capacity-building in requesting countries, including the ability of requesting countries to hold fair elections, promote women ' s equal participation with men, increase civic participation and provide civic education, as a means of consolidating and regularizing the results of previous elections and supporting subsequent elections,", "Noting the importance of ensuring an orderly, open, fair and transparent democratic process in order to uphold the right to peaceful assembly,", "Noting also that the international community can help to create the conditions that will promote stability and security throughout the pre-election, electoral and post-election phases, as well as in transitional and post-conflict situations,", "Reiterating that transparency is the fundamental basis for free and fair elections and promotes the accountability of Governments to their citizens, which in turn constitutes a pillar of democratic societies,", "Recognizing, in this regard, the importance of international electoral observation in promoting free and fair elections, helping to enhance the integrity of the electoral process in requesting countries, enhancing public confidence and voter participation and reducing the potential for electoral unrest,", "Recognizing also the sovereign right of Member States to issue invitations for international electoral assistance and/or observation, and welcoming the decision taken by some States to request such assistance and/or observation,", "Welcoming the support provided by Member States to United Nations electoral assistance activities, inter alia, through the provision of electoral experts, including electoral commission staff, as well as observers, and contributions to the United Nations Trust Fund for Electoral Assistance, the United Nations Development Programme Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund and the United Nations Democracy Fund,", "Recognizing that electoral assistance, in particular through the provision of appropriate, sustainable and cost-effective electoral technologies, contributes to electoral processes in developing countries,", "Recognizing also the number of actors involved in the provision of electoral assistance, both within and outside the United Nations, which leads to difficulties in coordination,", "Welcoming the contributions made by international and regional organizations and non-governmental organizations to enhancing the effectiveness of the principle of periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General;[5]", "2. Commends the electoral assistance provided by the United Nations to Member States, upon request, and requests that such assistance continue to be provided on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with the evolving needs and legislation of requesting States, in order to develop, improve and refine their electoral institutions and processes, while recognizing that the responsibility for organizing free and fair elections rests with Governments;", "Reaffirms that electoral assistance provided by the United Nations should continue to be carried out in an objective, impartial, neutral and independent manner;", "4. Requests the Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, as the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance, to continue to keep Member States regularly informed of requests received and the nature of assistance provided;", "5. Requests the United Nations to continue its efforts to ensure, before undertaking to provide electoral assistance to a requesting State, that there is sufficient time to organize and carry out an effective mandate for the provision of electoral assistance, including long-term technical cooperation, that conditions exist for the holding of free and fair elections and that the results of the mandate are reported in a comprehensive and consistent manner;", "6. Notes the importance of providing adequate resources for the organization of efficient and transparent elections at the national and local levels, and recommends that Member States provide adequate resources for those elections, including by considering the establishment of internal funding mechanisms, where feasible;", "7. Recommends that the United Nations continue to provide technical advice and other assistance to requesting States and electoral institutions throughout the electoral cycle, including before and after elections, as appropriate, on the basis of a needs assessment and in accordance with the evolving needs of requesting States, taking into account sustainability and cost-effectiveness, in order to help strengthen their democratic processes, bearing in mind that additional assistance in the form of mediation and good offices may be provided by relevant departments upon request by Member States;", "Notes with appreciation the increased efforts being made to strengthen cooperation with other international, governmental and non-governmental organizations in order to facilitate a more comprehensive and needs-specific response to requests for electoral assistance, encourages those organizations to share their knowledge and experience in order to promote best practices in the provision of assistance and reporting on electoral processes, and expresses its appreciation to those Member States, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations that have provided observers or technical experts in support of United Nations electoral assistance efforts;", "9. Recognizes that the purpose is to harmonize the methods and standards used by the numerous intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations involved in the observation of elections, and therefore expresses its appreciation for the Declaration of Principles for International Electoral Observation and the Code of Conduct for International Electoral Observers, which set out the guidelines for international electoral observation;", "Recalls the establishment by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Trust Fund for Electoral Assistance, and, taking into account the fact that the Fund is currently almost exhausted, calls upon Member States to consider contributing to it;", "11. Encourages the Secretary-General, through the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance, with the support of the Electoral Assistance Division of the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, to continue to respond to the increasing need for specific types of medium-term expert assistance, in accordance with the changing nature of requests for assistance, in particular by enhancing the capacity of national electoral institutions to support and strengthen existing capacities of requesting Governments;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Electoral Assistance Division with adequate human and financial resources to enable it to fulfil its mandate, including by making the roster of electoral experts more accessible and diverse, while enhancing the Organization ' s institutional memory in electoral matters, and to continue to ensure that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is able to respond, within its mandate and in close coordination with the Division, to the large number and increasing complexity of requests from Member States for advisory services;", "13. Reaffirms the need for continued and comprehensive coordination between the Electoral Assistance Division and the United Nations Development Programme and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support of the Secretariat, under the auspices of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance, in order to ensure coordination and coherence of United Nations electoral assistance and to avoid duplication of effort, and encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to strengthen its engagement in this regard;", "14. Requests the United Nations Development Programme to continue its democratic governance assistance programmes, in cooperation with other relevant organizations, in particular those that promote the strengthening of democratic institutions and linkages between civil society and Governments;", "15. Reiterates the importance of enhanced coordination within and outside the United Nations system, and reaffirms the clear leadership role of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance within the United Nations system, including in ensuring system-wide coherence, strengthening institutional memory and developing, disseminating and disseminating United Nations electoral assistance policies;", "16. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular on the status of requests from Member States for electoral assistance and on his efforts to strengthen United Nations support for the democratization process in Member States.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[5] A/66/314." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/164. 宣传《关于个人、群体和社会机构在促进和保护普遍公认的人权和基本自由方面的权利和责任宣言》", "大会，", "回顾其1998年12月9日第53/144号决议，其中大会协商一致通过该决议所附《关于个人、群体和社会机构在促进和保护普遍公认的人权和基本自由方面的权利和责任宣言》，并再次申明《宣言》及其宣传和执行工作的重要性，", "又回顾以往关于这一问题的所有决议，特别是大会2009年12月18日第64/163号决议以及人权理事会2010年3月25日第13/13号[1] 和2011年3月24日第16/5号决议，[2]", "深为关切地注意到在许多国家，参与促进和维护人权和基本自由的人士和组织常常由于从事这些活动而受到威胁和骚扰，而且饱受不安全状况困扰，包括结社或言论自由或和平集会权利受到限制，或者民事或刑事诉讼程序遭到滥用，", "严重关切在一些情况下，国家安全和反恐怖主义立法及其他措施被错误地用于对付人权维护者，或者以有悖于国际法的方式妨碍他们的工作与安全，", "又严重关切世界各地针对参与促进和维护人权和基本自由人士实施的侵犯人权行为仍很严重，而且在许多国家，威胁、攻击及恐吓人权维护者的行为持续不受惩罚，这对他们的工作与安全造成了负面影响，", "还严重关切人权维护者因报告和寻求了解侵犯人权情事而成为针对目标，", "严重关切人权理事会负责人权维护者状况问题的特别报告员收到的大量来文以及一些其他特别程序机制提交的报告均显示，人权维护者特别是妇女人权维护者面临严重危险，", "强调个人、民间社会组织、非政府组织、团体、社会机构和独立国家机构在促进和保护所有人的所有人权和基本自由方面，包括在对付一切形式侵犯人权行为，消除有罪不罚现象，消除贫困和歧视并促进司法保护、民主、宽容、人的尊严和发展权等方面，发挥着重要作用，并重申人人均在社区内享有权利并对社区承担责任和义务，", "确认人权维护者可通过监测、报告及协助人权的促进和保护等方式，发挥重大作用，通过对话、开放、参与和司法，支持努力加强和平与发展，", "又确认新的通讯手段可成为人权维护者促进和争取保护人权的重要工具，", "回顾根据《公民及政治权利国际公约》[3] 第四条，某些权利在任何情况下均不得克减，任何克减该《公约》其他条款的措施一律必须符合第四条所载规定，并强调正如人权事务委员会2001年7月24日通过的关于紧急状态的第29号一般性意见[4] 所述，任何此类克减均属例外和暂时性质，", "欢迎特别报告员与人权理事会其他特别程序以及联合国其他相关机关、办事处、部门、专门机构和人员在各自任务范围内开展总部和国家两级的合作，", "又欢迎旨在促进和保护人权的各项区域举措以及国际和区域机制之间为保护人权维护者而加强开展的合作，并鼓励在这方面实现进一步进展，", "还欢迎一些国家采取步骤，实行旨在保护参与促进和维护人权的个人、团体及社会机构的国家政策或立法，包括以此作为人权理事会普遍定期审议机制的后续行动，", "回顾促进和保护人权的首要责任在于国家，重申与《联合国宪章》和各国在人权和基本自由领域其他国际义务相符合的国家立法是人权维护者据以开展活动的法律框架，并深为关切地注意到一些非国家行为者所从事的活动对人权维护者的安全构成重大威胁，", "强调必须采取强有力和有效的措施保护人权维护者，", "1. 吁请所有国家宣传并充分实施《关于个人、群体和社会机构在促进和保护普遍公认的人权和基本自由方面的权利和责任宣言》，[5] 包括酌情为此采取切实可行的步骤；", "2. 欢迎人权理事会负责人权维护者状况问题的特别报告员的报告，[6] 以及她对有效宣传《宣言》及加强在全世界保护人权维护者所作的贡献；", "3. 谴责世界各地针对参与促进和维护人权和基本自由的人士实施的一切侵犯人权行为，并敦促各国依照《宣言》和其他各项相关人权文书采取一切适当行动，防止和消除此类侵犯人权行为；", "4. 吁请所有国家采取一切必要措施，在地方和国家各级，包括在武装冲突和建设和平期间，确保对人权维护者的保护；", "5. 吁请各国尊重、保护和保障人权维护者的言论和结社自由权利，为此在已订立民间社会组织注册程序的情况下，确保这些程序保持透明、无歧视、便捷、低费用，允许上诉且避免要求重新注册，遵循国家立法且符合国际人权法；", "6. 又吁请各国确保人权维护者可以根据符合《联合国宪章》和国际人权法的国家立法，在和平抗议活动场合发挥其重要的作用，并为此确保没有任何人被过分使用武力、滥用武力，任意逮捕和拘留，施以酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，强迫失踪，滥用刑事和民事程序或威胁实施此种行为；", "7. 敦促各国确保为打击恐怖主义和维护国家安全而采取的一切措施均符合其根据国际法特别是根据国际人权法所承担的义务，并且不妨碍参与促进和维护人权的个人、团体和社会机构的工作和安全；", "8. 又敦促各国采取适当措施，包括通过确保以透明、独立和问责方式迅速调查和处理人权维护者提出的申诉，解决国家和非国家行为者针对人权维护者及其亲属实施包括性别暴力在内的攻击、威胁和恐吓行为而不受惩罚的问题；", "9. 敦促所有国家配合并协助特别报告员履行其任务，及时提供一切资料，并毫无不当拖延地答复特别报告员转递的来文；", "10. 吁请各国认真考虑积极回应特别报告员提出的访问要求，并敦促各国就特别报告员各项建议的执行情况和后续行动与她进行建设性对话，以便她能够更加有效地履行其任务；", "11. 强烈鼓励各国翻译《宣言》，并采取措施确保在国家和地方各级尽可能广泛宣传《宣言》，对象包括公共官员以及个人、团体、社会机构和其他非国家行为者；", "12. 又鼓励各国增进对《宣言》的认识并推动相关培训，使官员、机构、主管部门和司法人员都能遵守《宣言》的规定，从而增进对参与促进和维护人权的个人、团体和社会机构及其工作的理解和尊重；", "13. 鼓励联合国相关机关，包括在国家一级的机关，在各自任务范围内同各国合作，适当考虑《宣言》和特别报告员的报告，并在这方面请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处提请联合国所有相关机关，包括在国家一级的机关，注意特别报告员的报告；", "14. 请高级专员办事处及联合国其他相关机关、办事处、部门和专门机构在各自任务范围内考虑如何能够协助各国加强人权维护者的作用和安全，包括在武装冲突和建设和平期间；", "15. 请联合国所有有关机构和组织在各自任务范围内为特别报告员有效执行其所负任务，包括进行国别访问，提供一切可能的协助和支持；", "16. 请特别报告员继续根据其任务规定，每年向大会和人权理事会报告其活动；", "17. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下审议这一问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第二章，A节。", "[2] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[3] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[4] 《大会正式记录，第五十六届会议，补编第40号》(A/56/40)，第一卷，附件六。", "[5] 第53/144号决议，附件。", "[6] 见A/63/288、A/64/226、A/65/223和A/66/203。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/164. Promotion of the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 53/144 of 9 December 1998, by which it adopted by consensus the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms annexed to that resolution, and reiterating the importance of the Declaration and its promotion and implementation,", "Recalling also all previous resolutions on this subject, in particular its resolution 64/163 of 18 December 2009 and Human Rights Council resolutions 13/13 of 25 March 2010[1] and 16/5 of 24 March 2011,[2]", "Noting with deep concern that in many countries persons and organizations engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms frequently face threats and harassment and suffer insecurity as a result of those activities, including through restrictions on freedom of association or expression or the right to peaceful assembly, or abuse of civil or criminal proceedings,", "Gravely concerned that, in some instances, national security and counter‑terrorism legislation and other measures have been misused to target human rights defenders or have hindered their work and safety in a manner contrary to international law,", "Gravely concerned also by the continuing high level of human rights violations committed against persons engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms around the world and by the fact that in many countries impunity for threats, attacks and acts of intimidation against human rights defenders persists and that this has a negative impact on their work and safety,", "Gravely concerned further by the targeting of human rights defenders for reporting and seeking information on human rights violations,", "Gravely concerned by the considerable number of communications received by the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights defenders that, together with the reports submitted by some of the other special procedure mechanisms, indicates the serious nature of the risks faced by human rights defenders, in particular women human rights defenders,", "Stressing the important role that individuals, civil society organizations, non‑governmental organizations, groups, organs of society and independent national institutions play in the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, including in addressing all forms of human rights violations, combating impunity, fighting poverty and discrimination, and promoting access to justice, democracy, tolerance, human dignity and the right to development, and recalling that all have rights as well as responsibilities and duties within and towards the community,", "Recognizing the substantial role that human rights defenders can play in supporting efforts to strengthen peace and development, through dialogue, openness, participation and justice, including by monitoring, reporting on and contributing to the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recognizing also that new forms of communication can serve as important tools for human rights defenders to promote and strive for the protection of human rights,", "Recalling that, in accordance with article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[3] certain rights are recognized as non‑derogable in any circumstances and that any measures derogating from other provisions of the Covenant must be in accordance with that article in all cases, and underlining the exceptional and temporary nature of any such derogations, as stated in General Comment No. 29 on states of emergency adopted by the Human Rights Committee on 24 July 2001,[4]", "Welcoming the cooperation between the Special Rapporteur and other special procedures of the Human Rights Council, as well as other relevant United Nations bodies, offices, departments, specialized agencies and personnel, both at Headquarters and at the country level, within their mandates,", "Welcoming also regional initiatives for the promotion and protection of human rights and the strengthened cooperation between international and regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights defenders, and encouraging further development in this regard,", "Welcoming further the steps taken by some States towards adopting national policies or legislation for the protection of individuals, groups and organs of society engaged in promoting and defending human rights, including as follow‑up to the universal periodic review mechanism of the Human Rights Council,", "Recalling that the primary responsibility for promoting and protecting human rights rests with the State, reaffirming that national legislation consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other international obligations of the State in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms is the juridical framework within which human rights defenders conduct their activities, and noting with deep concern that the activities of some non‑State actors pose a major threat to the security of human rights defenders,", "Emphasizing the need for strong and effective measures for the protection of human rights defenders,", "1. Calls upon all States to promote and give full effect to the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,[5] including by taking, as appropriate, practical steps to that end;", "2. Welcomes the reports of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights defenders[6] and her contribution to the effective promotion of the Declaration and the improvement of the protection of human rights defenders worldwide;", "3. Condemns all human rights violations committed against persons engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms around the world, and urges States to take all appropriate action, consistent with the Declaration and all other relevant human rights instruments, to prevent and eliminate such human rights violations;", "4. Calls upon all States to take all measures necessary to ensure the protection of human rights defenders, at both the local and the national levels, including in times of armed conflict and peacebuilding;", "5. Calls upon States to respect, protect and ensure the rights to freedom of expression and association of human rights defenders and in this regard to ensure, where procedures governing registration of civil society organizations exist, that these are transparent, non‑discriminatory, expeditious, inexpensive, allow for the possibility to appeal and avoid requiring re‑registration, in accordance with national legislation, and are in conformity with international human rights law;", "6. Also calls upon States to ensure that human rights defenders can perform their important role in the context of peaceful protests, in accordance with national legislation consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and international human rights law, and in this regard to ensure that no one is subject to excessive and indiscriminate use of force, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, enforced disappearance, abuse of criminal and civil proceedings or threats of such acts;", "7. Urges States to ensure that any measures to combat terrorism and preserve national security are in compliance with their obligations under international law, in particular under international human rights law, and do not hinder the work and safety of individuals, groups and organs of society engaged in promoting and defending human rights;", "8. Also urges States to take appropriate measures to address the question of impunity for attacks, threats and acts of intimidation committed by State and non‑State actors, including cases of gender‑based violence, against human rights defenders and their relatives, including by ensuring that complaints from human rights defenders are promptly investigated and addressed in a transparent, independent and accountable manner;", "9. Urges all States to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in the performance of her mandate and to provide all information in a timely manner, as well as to respond without undue delay to communications transmitted to them by the Special Rapporteur;", "10. Calls upon States to give serious consideration to responding favourably to the requests of the Special Rapporteur to visit their countries, and urges them to enter into a constructive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur with respect to the follow‑up to and implementation of her recommendations, so as to enable the Special Rapporteur to fulfil her mandate even more effectively;", "11. Strongly encourages States to translate the Declaration and to take measures to ensure its widest possible dissemination at the national and local levels, among public officials as well as individuals, groups, organs of society and other non‑State actors;", "12. Encourages States to promote awareness and training in regard to the Declaration in order to enable officials, agencies, authorities and members of the judiciary to observe the provisions of the Declaration and thus to promote better understanding and respect for individuals, groups and organs of society engaged in promoting and defending human rights, as well as for their work;", "13. Encourages relevant United Nations bodies, including at the country level, within their respective mandates and working in cooperation with States, to give due consideration to the Declaration and to the reports of the Special Rapporteur, and in this context requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to draw the attention of all relevant United Nations bodies, including at the country level, to the reports of the Special Rapporteur;", "14. Requests the Office of the High Commissioner, as well as other relevant United Nations bodies, offices, departments and specialized agencies, within their respective mandates, to consider ways in which they can assist States in strengthening the role and security of human rights defenders, including in situations of armed conflict and peacebuilding;", "15. Requests all concerned United Nations agencies and organizations, within their mandates, to provide all possible assistance and support to the Special Rapporteur for the effective fulfilment of her mandate, including through country visits;", "16. Requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to report annually on her activities to the General Assembly and to the Human Rights Council in accordance with her mandate;", "17. Decides to consider the question at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[2]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[3]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/56/40), vol. I, annex VI.", "[5]  Resolution 53/144, annex.", "[6]  See A/63/288, A/64/226, A/65/223 and A/66/203." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/164. Promotion of the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 53/144 of 9 December 1998, by which it adopted by consensus the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, annexed to that resolution, and reiterating the importance of the Declaration and its promotion and implementation,", "Recalling also all previous resolutions on the subject, in particular General Assembly resolution 64/163 of 18 December 2009 and Human Rights Council resolutions 13/13 of 25 March 2010 [1] and 16/5 of 24 March 2011,[2]", "Noting with deep concern that, in many countries, persons and organizations engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms are often subject to threats, harassment and insecurity as a result of those activities, including restrictions on freedom of association or expression or the right to peaceful assembly, or abuse of civil or criminal proceedings,", "Gravely concerned that, in some cases, national security and counter-terrorism legislation and other measures have been misused to target human rights defenders or have impeded their work and safety in a manner contrary to international law,", "Gravely concerned also at the continuing high level of human rights violations committed against persons engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms around the world and at the continuing impunity for threats, attacks and acts of intimidation against human rights defenders in many countries, which have a negative impact on their work and security,", "Gravely concerned also that human rights defenders are targeted for reporting and seeking information on human rights violations,", "Gravely concerned at the large number of communications received by the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights defenders, as well as reports submitted by some other special procedures mechanisms, which indicate that human rights defenders, in particular women human rights defenders, are at serious risk,", "Emphasizing the important role that individuals, civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations, groups, social institutions and independent national institutions play in the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, including in addressing all forms of human rights violations, eliminating impunity, eradicating poverty and discrimination, and promoting judicial protection, democracy, tolerance, human dignity and the right to development, and reaffirming that all human beings have rights and responsibilities and duties within and towards their communities,", "Recognizing the important role that human rights defenders can play in supporting efforts to strengthen peace and development through dialogue, openness, participation and justice, including through monitoring, reporting on and assisting in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recognizing also that new means of communication can be an important tool for human rights defenders in promoting and seeking to protect human rights,", "Recalling that, in accordance with article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, certain rights are non-derogable in any circumstances and that any measures derogating from other provisions of the Covenant must be in accordance with that article in all cases, and stressing the exceptional and temporary nature of any such derogations, as stated in general comment No. 29 on states of emergency adopted by the Human Rights Committee on 24 July 2001,", "Welcoming the cooperation between the Special Rapporteur and other special procedures of the Human Rights Council, as well as other relevant United Nations organs, offices, departments, specialized agencies and personnel, at the headquarters and country levels, within their respective mandates,", "Welcoming also regional initiatives for the promotion and protection of human rights and the increased cooperation among international and regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights defenders, and encouraging further progress in this regard,", "Welcoming also the steps taken by some States to adopt national policies or legislation aimed at protecting individuals, groups and institutions of society involved in the promotion and protection of human rights, including as a follow-up to the universal periodic review mechanism of the Human Rights Council,", "Recalling that the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights rests with the State, reaffirming that national legislation consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other international obligations of States in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms constitutes the legal framework within which human rights defenders carry out their activities, and noting with deep concern that the activities of some non-State actors pose a major threat to the security of human rights defenders,", "Emphasizing the need for strong and effective measures for the protection of human rights defenders,", "1. Calls upon all States to promote and give full effect to the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,[5] including by taking, as appropriate, practical steps to that end;", "2. Welcomes the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights defenders and her contribution to the effective promotion of the Declaration and the enhancement of the protection of human rights defenders worldwide;", "3. Condemns all human rights violations committed against persons engaged in promoting and defending human rights and fundamental freedoms around the world, and urges States to take all appropriate action, consistent with the Declaration and all other relevant human rights instruments, to prevent and eliminate such violations;", "Calls upon all States to take all necessary measures to ensure the protection of human rights defenders at the local and national levels, including during armed conflict and peacebuilding;", "5. Calls upon States to respect, protect and guarantee the rights of human rights defenders to freedom of expression and association by ensuring that, where procedures for the registration of civil society organizations are in place, they are transparent, non-discriminatory, accessible and inexpensive, allow for appeals and avoid re-registration requirements, comply with national legislation and are in conformity with international human rights law;", "6. Also calls upon States to ensure that human rights defenders can play an important role in the context of peaceful protests in accordance with national legislation consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and international human rights law and, to that end, to ensure that no one is subjected to the excessive and indiscriminate use of force, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, enforced disappearances, abuse of criminal and civil procedures or threats of such acts;", "Urges States to ensure that all measures taken to combat terrorism and preserve national security comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights law, and do not hinder the work and safety of individuals, groups and organs of society involved in promoting and defending human rights;", "8. Also urges States to take appropriate measures to address impunity for attacks, threats and acts of intimidation, including gender-based violence, committed by State and non-State actors against human rights defenders and their relatives, including by ensuring that complaints from human rights defenders are promptly investigated and addressed in a transparent, independent and accountable manner;", "Urges all States to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in the performance of his mandate, to provide all information in a timely manner and to respond without undue delay to communications transmitted to them by the Special Rapporteur;", "Calls upon States to give serious consideration to responding favourably to the requests of the Special Rapporteur to visit their countries, and urges them to enter into a constructive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur with regard to the implementation of and follow-up to the recommendations of her mandate so as to enable her to fulfil her mandate even more effectively;", "11. Strongly encourages States to translate the Declaration and to take measures to ensure its widest possible dissemination at the national and local levels, including by public officials and individuals, groups, social institutions and other non-State actors;", "12. Also encourages States to promote awareness of and training in the Declaration so as to enable officials, institutions, authorities and members of the judiciary to comply with its provisions, thereby enhancing understanding of and respect for individuals, groups and organs of society engaged in promoting and defending human rights and their work;", "13. Encourages the relevant United Nations bodies, including at the country level, in cooperation with States, within their respective mandates, to give due consideration to the Declaration and to the reports of the Special Rapporteur, and in this regard requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to bring the reports of the Special Rapporteur to the attention of all relevant United Nations bodies, including at the country level;", "14. Requests the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant United Nations organs, offices, departments and specialized agencies, within their respective mandates, to consider ways in which they can assist States in strengthening the role and security of human rights defenders, including during armed conflict and peacebuilding;", "15. Requests all relevant United Nations agencies and organizations, within their respective mandates, to provide all possible assistance and support to the Special Rapporteur for the effective fulfilment of his/her mandate, including through country visits;", "16. Requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to report annually on his activities to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council in accordance with his mandate;", "Decides to consider this question at its sixty-eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap. II, sect.", "[2] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect.", "[3] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4] Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/56/40), vol. I, annex VI.", "[5] Resolution 53/144, annex.", "[6] See A/63/288, A/64/226, A/65/223 and A/66/203." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/165. 保护和援助境内流离失所者", "大会，", "回顾境内流离失所者指的是被强迫或不得不逃离或离开家园或习惯住处的个人或群体，他们离乡尤其是迫于或为了逃避武装冲突、普遍暴力、侵犯人权行为或天灾人祸，但他们并没有越过国际承认的国家边界，[1]", "确认境内流离失所者在充分平等的条件下同本国其他人一样，享有国际法和国内法所规定的同等权利和自由，", "深感不安地注意到世界各地因武装冲突、侵犯人权行为和天灾人祸等原因而在境内流离失所的人得不到充分保护和援助，人数之多，令人震惊，并意识到这一情况给国际社会带来严重的挑战，", "确认自然灾害是导致境内流离失所的一个原因，并关切诸如气候变化等预计将加剧自然灾害影响的因素以及与气候有关的事件，", "又确认将减轻灾害风险战略纳入国家发展政策和方案，可以预防或大大减轻灾害后果，", "意识到包括长期流离失所者在内的境内流离失所者问题的人权及人道主义层面，以及各国和国际社会进一步加强对其保护和援助的责任，", "强调各国负有首要责任，必须向其管辖范围内的境内流离失所者提供保护和援助，并与国际社会适当合作消除流离失所问题的根源，", "重申所有人，包括境内流离失所者，均享有自由移徙和居住的权利，并应受到保护，不被任意迁移，[2]", "注意到国际社会对全世界境内流离失所者问题的认识日增，并注意到迫切需要消除造成流离失所的根源，寻求持久解决办法，包括确保安全、有尊严地自愿回返以及在流离失所者目前所在地区自愿就地安置或在该国另一个地方自愿安置，", "回顾包括国际人权法、国际人道主义法和国际难民法在内的国际法的相关规范，确认业已通过确定、重申和强化境内流离失所者的具体保护标准，特别是《境内流离失所问题指导原则》，[3] 加强对他们的保护，", "又回顾包括1949年日内瓦四公约[4] 及其1977年附加议定书[5] 在内的国际人道主义法作为向武装冲突中和外国占领下的平民，包括向境内流离失所者提供保护和援助的重要法律框架，有着重大现实意义，", "赞赏地注意到大湖区问题国际会议通过了《保护和援助境内流离失所者议定书》和《回返者财产权利议定书》，并注意到《非洲联盟保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者公约》[6] 获得通过，这些步骤有助于加强非洲保护和援助境内流离失所者的区域规范框架，", "欢迎在处理国内流离失所情况时越来越多地散发、推广和实施《境内流离失所问题指导原则》，", "对强迫流离失所的做法及其对大批民众享受人权和基本自由的负面影响感到痛惜，回顾国际刑事法院《罗马规约》的相关规定把驱逐或强行迁移人口的做法定为危害人类罪，并把非法驱逐、迁移或下令迁移平民人口定为战争罪，[7]", "表示赞赏那些支持前任负责境内流离失所者人权事务秘书长代表开展工作、并根据各自作用和职责帮助向境内流离失所者提供保护和援助的各国政府、政府间组织、区域组织和非政府组织，", "欢迎境内流离失所者人权问题特别报告员与各国政府、联合国相关办事处和机构以及其他国际和区域组织继续合作，并鼓励进一步加强这种协作，以便推动制定更好的境内流离失所者问题战略，促进改善对境内流离失所者的保护和援助，并促进持久解决这一问题，", "又欢迎特别报告员在其提交人权理事会的报告中设定的优先事项，[8]", "赞赏地确认国际红十字和红新月运动及其他人道主义机构与相关国际机构合作，在保护和援助境内流离失所者方面所作的重要而独立的贡献，", "回顾世界人权会议1993年6月25日通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[9] 其中提及需制订处理境内流离失所问题的全球战略，", "又回顾大会2009年12月18日第64/162号决议和人权理事会2010年6月17日第14/6号决议，[10]", "1. 赞赏地注意到境内流离失所者人权问题特别报告员的报告⁸ 及其中所载结论和建议；", "2. 赞扬特别报告员迄今所开展的活动，赞扬他发挥推动作用，提高人们对境内流离失所者困境的认识，不断努力通过将境内流离失所者的人权纳入联合国系统所有相关部门工作的主流等途径，解决他们的发展需求和其他具体需求；", "3. 鼓励特别报告员通过同各国政府、各有关政府间组织和非政府组织不断对话，继续分析境内流离失所问题的根源以及流离失所者的需求和人权、包括早期预警在内的各种预防措施、加强保护和援助境内流离失所者的途径及持久解决流离失所者问题的办法，并在后一项工作所涉各项活动中采用机构间常设委员会的《境内流离失所者持久解决办法框架》，[11] 此外鼓励特别报告员考虑到各国在各自管辖范围内保护和援助境内流离失所者的首要责任，继续促进制定全面战略；", "4. 认识到气候变化的负面影响是环境退化和极端气候现象的促成因素，有可能与其他因素一道，造成人员流离失所；鼓励特别报告员与各国、政府间组织和非政府组织紧密协作，继续探讨灾难所致境内流离失所现象的人权方面影响及规模，以期帮助会员国努力建立地方复原力和能力，以防止流离失所或者向那些被迫逃离者提供援助和保护；", "5. 吁请各国提供持久解决办法，并鼓励加强国际合作，包括提供资源和专门知识，以帮助受影响国家特别是发展中国家在境内流离失所者的援助、保护和复原方面作出国家努力并制定有关政策；", "6. 欢迎在2009年10月在坎帕拉举行的首脑会议期间通过《非洲联盟保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者公约》，⁶ 并邀请非洲各国考虑签署和(或)批准该公约；", "7. 确认会员国负有首要责任，必须推动制定面向其管辖范围内的境内流离失所者的持久解决办法，从而为其国家、经济和社会发展进程作出贡献；鼓励国际社会、联合国系统、特别报告员、相关国际和区域组织以及各捐助国本着团结、国际合作相关原则以及《境内流离失所问题指导原则》，³ 继续支持开展国际、区域和国家努力，满足境内流离失所者的各种需求，此外确保人道主义救援努力获得适当供资；", "8. 表示尤其关注许多境内流离失所妇女和儿童面临的严重问题，包括暴力和虐待、性剥削、贩运人口、强行征募和绑架等，鼓励特别报告员考虑到大会所有相关决议，继续致力促进采取行动，以满足他们以及遭受严重创伤者、老年人和残疾人等其他特殊需要群体的具体援助、保护和发展需求；", "9. 强调各国政府和其他相关行为体必须根据各自担负的具体任务，在流离失所所有各阶段与境内流离失所者和收容社区进行协商，并酌情让流离失所者参与同其有关的方案和活动，同时考虑到各国在其管辖范围内保护和援助境内流离失所者的首要责任；", "10. 注意到必须在和平进程中酌情考虑到境内流离失所者的人权和特殊保护及援助需要，并强调有效建设和平的一个必要内容是持久解决境内流离失所者问题，途径包括自愿回返、可持续重返社会与复原进程，以及酌情促使境内流离失所者积极参与和平进程；", "11. 欢迎建设和平委员会在这方面发挥作用，继续敦促该委员会在其任务规定范围内加紧努力，与国家政府和过渡政府合作，并同联合国相关实体协商，在就审议中的情况提供咨询意见或针对具体国家冲突后局势提出建设和平战略时，顾及境内流离失所者的权利和具体需要，包括他们的安全体面自愿回返、重返社会和复原，以及相关土地和财产问题；", "12. 确认《境内流离失所问题指导原则》是保护境内流离失所者的重要国际框架，欢迎越来越多的国家、联合国组织、区域组织和非政府组织把这些指导原则作为标准加以适用，鼓励所有相关行为体在处理境内流离失所情况时采用《指导原则》；", "13. 欢迎特别报告员在与各国政府、政府间组织和非政府组织及其他相关行为体对话时采用《境内流离失所问题指导原则》，请他继续努力推动散发、推广和实行这些指导原则，支持努力促进能力建设和采用这些指导原则，并支持制订国内立法和政策；", "14. 鼓励各国继续以包容性和非歧视性方式，制定并实施针对流离失所所有阶段的国内立法和政策，包括在政府内部指定负责境内流离失所问题的国家协调中心，并为此分配预算资源，此外鼓励国际社会和国家行为体在这方面应要求向政府提供财政支持与合作；", "15. 表示赞赏越来越多的国家已颁布针对流离失所问题所有各阶段的国内立法和政策；", "16. 敦促各国政府，特别是境内存在流离失所现象的政府，继续为特别报告员的活动提供便利，并积极回应特别报告员提出的访问要求，以便他能够继续并进一步同各国政府进行对话，帮助处理境内流离失所问题，同时感谢已经这样做的政府；", "17. 邀请各国政府在与特别报告员进行对话时，认真考虑特别报告员按照其任务授权向它们提出的建议和意见，并将就此采取的措施告知特别报告员；", "18. 吁请各国政府为境内流离失所者提供保护和援助，包括重返社会及发展方面的援助，并为联合国相关机构和人道主义组织在这些方面开展的努力提供便利，包括进一步改善它们与境内流离失所者接触的机会以及维持所设境内流离失所者营地和定居点的平民性质和人道主义性质；", "19. 强调紧急救济协调员通过机构间群组系统等渠道，在协调保护和援助境内流离失所者方面的中心作用；欢迎继续采取主动行动以确保改进境内流离失所者的保护、援助和发展战略，并更好地协调与他们有关的活动；强调需要加强联合国各组织和其他相关行为体应对境内流离失所问题所涉巨大人道主义挑战的能力；", "20. 鼓励联合国各相关组织以及各人道主义援助、人权和发展组织，通过机构间常设委员会及派驻存在流离失所情况的国家的联合国国家工作队，加强协作与协调，向特别报告员提供一切可能的协助和支持，并请特别报告员继续参与机构间常设委员会及其各附属机构的工作；", "21. 赞赏地注意到在联合呼吁程序中日益重视境内流离失所者问题，并鼓励在这方面进一步努力；", "22. 又赞赏地注意到各国人权机构在援助境内流离失所者及促进和保护其人权方面的作用日益增大；", "23. 确认特别报告员倡导设立的境内流离失所者全球数据库具有实用性，鼓励机构间常设委员会成员和各国政府继续配合和支持这一努力，包括提供资金和有关境内流离失所情况的数据；", "24. 欢迎非洲联盟、大湖区问题国际会议、美洲国家组织和欧洲委员会等区域组织为了满足境内流离失所者的保护、援助和发展需要并为其寻求持久解决办法而采取的主动行动，鼓励区域组织加强其活动以及同特别报告员的合作；", "25. 请秘书长继续在现有资源范围内向特别报告员提供一切必要协助，以便其切实执行任务，并鼓励联合国人权事务高级专员办事处与紧急救济协调员、秘书处人道主义事务协调厅和联合国难民事务高级专员办事处及联合国所有其他相关办事处和机构密切合作，继续支持特别报告员；", "26. 鼓励特别报告员继续寻求各国及各相关组织和机构提供捐助，以为其工作创造较稳定的基础；", "27. 请特别报告员为大会第六十七届和第六十八届会议编写关于本决议执行情况的报告；", "28. 决定在大会第六十八届会议期间继续审议保护和援助境内流离失所者问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《境内流离失所问题指导原则》(E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2，附件)，导言，第2段。", "[2] 见《境内流离失所问题指导原则》，原则6。", "[3] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2，附件。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第970-973号。", "[5] 同上，第1125卷，第17512和17513号。", "[6] 可查阅www.africa-union.org。", "[7] 第七条第一款第4项和第二款第4项、第八条第二款第1项第7目和第二款第5项第8目(见联合国，《条约汇编》，第2187卷，第38544号)。", "[8] A/HRC/16/43。", "[9] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[10] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第三章，A节。", "[11] A/HRC/13/21/Add.4。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/165. Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that internally displaced persons are persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human‑made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border,[1]", "Recognizing that internally displaced persons are to enjoy, in full equality, the same rights and freedoms under international and domestic law as do other persons in their country,", "Deeply disturbed by the alarmingly high numbers of internally displaced persons throughout the world, for reasons including armed conflict, violations of human rights and natural or human‑made disasters, who receive inadequate protection and assistance, and conscious of the serious challenges that this is creating for the international community,", "Recognizing that natural disasters are a cause of internal displacement, and concerned about factors, such as climate change, that are expected to exacerbate the impact of natural hazards, and climate‑related events,", "Recognizing also that the consequences of hazards can be prevented or substantially mitigated by integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into national development policies and programmes,", "Conscious of the human rights and humanitarian dimensions of the problem of internally displaced persons, including in long‑term displacement situations, and the responsibilities of States and the international community to strengthen further their protection and assistance,", "Emphasizing that States have the primary responsibility to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction, as well as to address the root causes of the displacement problem in appropriate cooperation with the international community,", "Reaffirming that all persons, including those internally displaced, have the right to freedom of movement and residence and should be protected against being arbitrarily displaced,[2]", "Noting the international community’s growing awareness of the issue of internally displaced persons worldwide and the urgency of addressing the root causes of their displacement and finding durable solutions, including voluntary return in safety and with dignity, as well as voluntary local integration in the areas to which persons have been displaced or voluntary settlement in another part of the country,", "Recalling the relevant norms of international law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international refugee law, and recognizing that the protection of internally displaced persons has been strengthened by identifying, reaffirming and consolidating specific standards for their protection, in particular through the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,[3]", "Recalling also the relevance of international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions of 1949[4] and the Additional Protocols thereto, of 1977,[5] as a vital legal framework for the protection of and assistance to civilians in armed conflict and under foreign occupation, including internally displaced persons,", "Noting with appreciation the adoption by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region of the Protocol on the Protection of and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and the Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons and the adoption of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa,[6] as steps contributing to the strengthening of the regional normative framework for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons in Africa,", "Welcoming the increasing dissemination, promotion and application of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement when dealing with situations of internal displacement,", "Deploring practices of forced displacement and their negative consequences for the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by large groups of populations, and recalling the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court that define the deportation or forcible transfer of population as a crime against humanity, and the unlawful deportation, transfer, or ordering the displacement of the civilian population as war crimes,[7]", "Expressing its appreciation to those Governments and intergovernmental, regional and non‑governmental organizations that have supported the work of the former Representative of the Secretary‑General on the human rights of internally displaced persons and, according to their roles and responsibilities, have helped to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons,", "Welcoming the continuing cooperation between the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons and national Governments, the relevant offices and agencies of the United Nations as well as with other international and regional organizations, and encouraging further strengthening of this collaboration in order to promote better strategies for, protection of, assistance to and durable solutions for internally displaced persons,", "Welcoming also the priorities set by the Special Rapporteur, contained in his report to the Human Rights Council,[8]", "Acknowledging with appreciation the important and independent contribution of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and other humanitarian agencies in protecting and assisting internally displaced persons, in cooperation with relevant international bodies,", "Recalling the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993,[9] regarding the need to develop global strategies to address the problem of internal displacement,", "Recalling also its resolution 64/162 of 18 December 2009 and Human Rights Council resolution 14/6 of 17 June 2010,[10]", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons⁸ and the conclusions and recommendations contained therein;", "2. Commends the Special Rapporteur for the activities undertaken so far, for the catalytic role that he plays in raising the level of awareness about the plight of internally displaced persons and for his ongoing efforts to address their development and other specific needs, including through the mainstreaming of the human rights of internally displaced persons into all relevant parts of the United Nations system;", "3. Encourages the Special Rapporteur, through continuous dialogue with Governments and all intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations concerned, to continue his analysis of the root causes of internal displacement, the needs and human rights of those displaced, measures of prevention, including early warning, and ways to strengthen protection and assistance, as well as durable solutions for internally displaced persons, and, in the latter regard, to use in his activities the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons of the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee,[11] and also encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to promote comprehensive strategies, taking into account the primary responsibility of States for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction;", "4. Recognizes the adverse effects of climate change as contributors to environmental degradation and extreme weather events, which may, among other factors, contribute to human displacement, and encourages the Special Rapporteur, in close collaboration with States and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, to continue to explore the human rights implications and dimensions of disaster‑induced internal displacement, with a view to supporting Member States in their efforts to build local resilience and capacity to prevent displacement or to provide assistance and protection to those who are forced to flee;", "5. Calls upon States to provide durable solutions, and encourages strengthened international cooperation, including through the provision of resources and expertise to assist affected countries, in particular developing countries, in their national efforts and policies related to assistance, protection and rehabilitation for internally displaced persons;", "6. Welcomes the adoption of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa⁶ during the summit of the African Union held in Kampala in October 2009, and invites African States to consider signing and/or ratifying the Convention;", "7. Recognizes that Member States have the primary responsibility to promote durable solutions for internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction, thus contributing to their national, economic and social development processes, and encourages the international community, the United Nations system, the Special Rapporteur, relevant international and regional organizations and donor countries to continue to support international, regional and national efforts to meet the needs of internally displaced persons, on the basis of solidarity, the principles of international cooperation and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,³ and ensure that humanitarian assistance efforts are appropriately funded;", "8. Expresses particular concern at the grave problems faced by many internally displaced women and children, including violence and abuse, sexual exploitation, trafficking in persons, forced recruitment and abduction, and encourages the continued commitment of the Special Rapporteur to promote action to address their particular assistance, protection and development needs, as well as those of other groups with special needs, such as severely traumatized individuals, older persons and persons with disabilities, taking into account all relevant United Nations resolutions;", "9. Emphasizes the importance of consultation with internally displaced persons and host communities by Governments and other relevant actors, in accordance with their specific mandates, during all phases of displacement, as well as the participation of internally displaced persons, where appropriate, in programmes and activities pertaining to them, taking into account the primary responsibility of States for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction;", "10. Notes the importance of taking the human rights and the specific protection and assistance needs of internally displaced persons into consideration, when appropriate, in peace processes, and emphasizes that durable solutions for internally displaced persons, including through voluntary return, sustainable reintegration and rehabilitation processes and their active participation, as appropriate, in the peace process, are necessary elements of effective peacebuilding;", "11. Welcomes the role of the Peacebuilding Commission in this regard, and continues to urge the Commission to intensify its efforts, within its mandate, in cooperation with national and transitional Governments and in consultation with the relevant United Nations entities, to incorporate the rights and the specific needs of internally displaced persons, including their voluntary return in safety and with dignity, reintegration and rehabilitation, as well as related land and property issues, when advising on or proposing country‑specific peacebuilding strategies for post‑conflict situations in cases under consideration;", "12. Recognizes the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, welcomes the fact that an increasing number of States, United Nations organizations and regional and non‑governmental organizations are applying them as a standard, and encourages all relevant actors to make use of the Guiding Principles when dealing with situations of internal displacement;", "13. Welcomes the use of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement by the Special Rapporteur in his dialogue with Governments, intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations and other relevant actors, and requests him to continue his efforts to further the dissemination, promotion and application of the Guiding Principles and to provide support for efforts to promote capacity‑building and the use of the Guiding Principles, as well as the development of domestic legislation and policies;", "14. Encourages States to continue to develop and implement domestic legislation and policies dealing with all stages of displacement, in an inclusive and non‑discriminatory way, including through the identification of a national focal point within the Government for issues of internal displacement, and through the allocation of budget resources, and encourages the international community and national actors to provide financial support and cooperation to Governments, upon request, in this regard;", "15. Expresses its appreciation that an increasing number of States have adopted domestic legislation and policies dealing with all stages of displacement;", "16. Urges all Governments to continue to facilitate the activities of the Special Rapporteur, in particular Governments with situations of internal displacement, and to respond favourably to requests from the Special Rapporteur for visits so as to enable him to continue and enhance dialogue with Governments in addressing situations of internal displacement, and thanks those Governments that have already done so;", "17. Invites Governments to give serious consideration, in dialogue with the Special Rapporteur, to the recommendations and suggestions addressed to them, in accordance with his mandate, and to inform him of measures taken thereon;", "18. Calls upon Governments to provide protection and assistance, including reintegration and development assistance, to internally displaced persons, and to facilitate the efforts of the relevant United Nations agencies and humanitarian organizations in these respects, including by further improving access to internally displaced persons and by maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of camps and settlements for internally displaced persons where they exist;", "19. Emphasizes the central role of the Emergency Relief Coordinator for the coordination of protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, inter alia, through the inter‑agency cluster system, welcomes continued initiatives taken in order to ensure better protection, assistance and development strategies for internally displaced persons, as well as better coordination of activities regarding them, and emphasizes the need to strengthen the capacities of the United Nations organizations and other relevant actors to meet the immense humanitarian challenges of internal displacement;", "20. Encourages all relevant United Nations organizations and humanitarian assistance, human rights and development organizations to enhance their collaboration and coordination, through the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee and United Nations country teams in countries with situations of internal displacement, and to provide all possible assistance and support to the Special Rapporteur, and requests the continued participation of the Special Rapporteur in the work of the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee and its subsidiary bodies;", "21. Notes with appreciation the increased attention paid to the issue of internally displaced persons in the consolidated appeals process, and encourages further efforts in this regard;", "22. Also notes with appreciation the increasing role of national human rights institutions in assisting internally displaced persons and in promoting and protecting their human rights;", "23. Recognizes the relevance of the global database on internally displaced persons advocated by the Special Rapporteur, and encourages the members of the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee and Governments to continue to collaborate on and support this effort, including by providing financial resources and relevant data on situations of internal displacement;", "24. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by regional organizations, such as the African Union, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, the Organization of American States and the Council of Europe, to address the protection, assistance and development needs of internally displaced persons and to find durable solutions for them, and encourages regional organizations to strengthen their activities and their cooperation with the Special Rapporteur;", "25. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to provide the Special Rapporteur, from within existing resources, with all assistance necessary to carry out his mandate effectively, and encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in close cooperation with the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and all other relevant United Nations offices and agencies, to continue to support the Special Rapporteur;", "26. Encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to seek the contributions of States, relevant organizations and institutions in order to create a more stable basis for his work;", "27. Requests the Special Rapporteur to prepare, for the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh and sixty‑eighth sessions, a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "28. Decides to continue its consideration of the question of protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons at its sixty‑eighth session.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex), introduction, para. 2.", "[2]  See Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, principle 6.", "[3]  E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex.", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 1125, Nos. 17512 and 17513.", "[6]  Available from www.africa‑union.org.", "[7]  Art. 7, paras. 1 (d) and 2 (d), and art. 8, paras. 2 (a) (vii) and 2 (e) (viii) (see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2187, No. 38544).", "[8]  A/HRC/16/43.", "[9]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[10]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. III, sect. A.", "[11]  A/HRC/13/21/Add.4." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Assistance and assistance to internally displaced persons", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that internally displaced persons refer to individuals or groups forced or forced to flee or leave their homes or habitat, who have fled their homes, in particular in order to escape or escape the scourge of armed conflict, widespread violence, human rights violations or natural disasters, but they do not cross the internationally recognized national borders, and that there are no alternatives to the national borders,", "Recognizing that internally displaced persons enjoy the same rights and freedoms as those set forth in international law and domestic law, in the context of full equality with other persons of the country,", "Deeply disturbed by the lack of adequate protection and assistance to internally displaced persons throughout the world for reasons such as armed conflict, human rights violations and the scourge of human beings, as alarming, and aware of the serious challenges posed by the international community,", "Recognizing that natural disasters are a cause of internal displacement, and expressing concern about factors, such as climate change, that are expected to exacerbate the impact of natural disasters and climate-related events,", "Recognizing also that integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into national development policies and programmes can prevent or significantly mitigate the consequences of disasters,", "Aware that the human rights and humanitarian dimensions of the problem of internally displaced persons, including long-term displaced persons, and that States and the international community further strengthen their responsibility for their protection and assistance,", "Emphasizing that States have the primary responsibility to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction and to cooperate with the international community to address the root causes of displacement,", "Reaffirming that all persons, including internally displaced persons, have the right to free movement and residence and should be protected from arbitrary displacement, [2]", "Noting the increase in the international community's awareness of the problems of internally displaced persons worldwide, and noting the urgent need to address the root causes of displacement and to seek durable solutions, including ensuring safe, dignified voluntary return and voluntary resettlement in the current areas of displaced persons,", "Recalling the relevant norms of international law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international refugee law, and recognizing that the specific protection standards for internally displaced persons, in particular the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, have been strengthened [3],", "Recalling also that international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions of 1949 [4] and the Additional Protocols thereto of 1977 [5], is of great importance as an important legal framework for the protection and assistance of civilians in armed conflict and foreign occupation, including internally displaced persons,", "Noting with appreciation the adoption by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region of the Protocol on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons and the Protocol on the Rights of Returnees, and the adoption of the African Union Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa [6], which reinforces the regional normative framework for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa,", "Welcoming the increasing dissemination, diffusion and implementation of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement in addressing internal displacement,", "Deploring the practice of forced displacement and its negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by a large number of people, and recalling that the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court criminalize the expulsion or forced relocation of the population and criminalize the illegal expulsion, relocation or order of the civilian population, [7]", "Expresses its appreciation to those Governments, intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations that have supported the work of the former Representative of the Secretary-General for the Rights of Internally Displaced Persons and have helped to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons in accordance with their respective roles and responsibilities,", "Welcoming the continuing cooperation of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons with Governments, relevant United Nations offices and agencies, as well as other international and regional organizations, and encouraging further strengthening of such collaboration in order to promote the development of a strategy on better internally displaced persons, to promote improved protection and assistance to internally displaced persons and to promote durable solutions to this problem,", "Welcoming also the priorities set by the Special Rapporteur in his report to the Human Rights Council [8],", "Acknowledging with appreciation the important and independent contribution of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and other humanitarian agencies, in cooperation with relevant international bodies, to the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons,", "Recalling the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, [9] which referred to the need for a global strategy to address internal displacement,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolutions 64/162 of 18 December 2009 and 14/6 of 17 June 2010, [10]", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons8 and the conclusions and recommendations contained therein;", "Commends the activities undertaken by the Special Rapporteur to date and commends him for his catalytic role in raising awareness of the plight of internally displaced persons and continuing efforts to address their development needs and other specific needs through, inter alia, mainstreaming the human rights of internally displaced persons into all relevant parts of the United Nations system;", "Encourages the Special Rapporteur, through continuous dialogue with Governments, relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to continue to analyse the root causes of internal displacement and the needs and human rights of displaced persons, preventive measures, including early warning, ways to strengthen protection and assistance for internally displaced persons and ways to achieve a durable solution to the problems of displaced persons, and to continue to contribute to the development of a comprehensive strategy, taking into account the primary responsibility of States for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons within their respective jurisdictions;", "Recognizes that the negative impact of climate change is a contributing factor to environmental degradation and extreme climate phenomena and is likely to result in displacement with other factors; encourages the Special Rapporteur, in close collaboration with States, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations, to continue to explore the human rights implications and scales of the phenomenon of internal displacement, with a view to assisting Member States in their efforts to build local resilience and capacities to prevent displacement or provide assistance and protection to those who have fled them;", "Calls upon States to provide durable solutions and encourage enhanced international cooperation, including by providing resources and expertise, to help affected countries, in particular developing countries, make national efforts and formulate policies for assistance, protection and recovery of internally displaced persons;", "Welcomes the adoption of the African Union Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa during the summit held in Kampala in October 2009,6 and invites African countries to consider signing and/or ratifying the Convention;", "Recognizes the primary responsibility of Member States and the importance of promoting durable solutions for internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction, thereby contributing to national, economic and social development processes; encourages the international community, the United Nations system, special rapporteurs, relevant international and regional organizations and donor countries to continue to support international, regional and national efforts to meet the needs of internally displaced persons and to ensure that humanitarian relief efforts receive adequate funding;", "Expresses particular concern at the serious problems faced by many internally displaced women and children, including violence and abuse, sexual exploitation, trafficking, forced recruitment and abduction, and encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue his efforts to promote action, taking into account all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, in order to meet the specific assistance, protection and development needs of such special groups as those who are victims of serious trauma, the elderly and persons with disabilities;", "Emphasizes that Governments and other relevant actors must consult with internally displaced persons and host communities at all stages of displacement, in accordance with their specific mandates, and, where appropriate, involve displaced persons in their programmes and activities, taking into account the primary responsibility of States to protect and assist internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction;", "Notes the importance of taking into account, as appropriate, the human rights and special protection and assistance needs of internally displaced persons in the peace process, and stresses that an essential component of effective peacebuilding is a lasting solution to the problem of internally displaced persons, including voluntary return, sustainable reintegration and recovery processes, and, where appropriate, the active participation of internally displaced persons in the peace process;", "Welcomes the role of the Peacebuilding Commission in this regard, and urges the Commission, within its mandate, to intensify its efforts, in cooperation with the Government and the Transitional Federal Government, and, in consultation with relevant entities of the United Nations, to take into account the rights and specific needs of internally displaced persons, including their voluntary return, reintegration and rehabilitation, as well as relevant land and property issues, when providing advice on the situation under consideration or country-specific post-conflict peacebuilding strategies;", "Recognizes that the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement are an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, and welcomes the increasing number of States, United Nations organizations, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations applying these guiding principles as standards and encourages all relevant actors to apply the Guiding Principles in dealing with situations of internal displacement;", "Welcomes the adoption by the Special Rapporteur of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement in his dialogue with Governments, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations and other relevant actors, and requests him to continue his efforts to promote the dissemination, diffusion and implementation of those guiding principles, to support efforts to promote capacity-building and the adoption of those guiding principles, and to support the development of national legislation and policies;", "Encourages States to continue to develop and implement, in an inclusive and non-discriminatory manner, national legislation and policies aimed at all stages of displacement, including the designation of national focal points for internal displacement within the Government and the allocation of budgetary resources, and encourages the international community and national actors to provide financial support and cooperation to the Government in this regard;", "Expresses its appreciation to the growing number of States that have enacted domestic legislation and policies for all stages of displacement;", "Urges Governments, in particular those in which displacement occurs, to continue to facilitate the activities of the Special Rapporteur and to respond positively to the visit requests of the Special Rapporteur so that he can continue and further engage in dialogue with Governments to help deal with internal displacement, and to thank the Governments that have already done so;", "Invites Governments, when engaged in dialogue with the Special Rapporteur, to give serious consideration to the recommendations and observations of the Special Rapporteur to them in accordance with his mandate and to inform the Special Rapporteur of the measures taken in this regard;", "Calls upon Governments to provide assistance to internally displaced persons, including reintegration and development, and to facilitate the efforts of relevant United Nations agencies and humanitarian organizations in these areas, including by further improving their access to internally displaced persons and the civilian nature and humanitarian character of the camps and settlements for internally displaced persons established;", "Emphasizes the central role of the Emergency Relief Coordinator in coordinating the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons through, inter alia, inter-agency cluster systems; welcomes continued initiatives to ensure improved protection, assistance and development strategies for internally displaced persons and to better coordinate their activities; and stresses the need to strengthen the capacity of United Nations organizations and other relevant actors to respond to the enormous humanitarian challenges of internal displacement;", "Encourages relevant United Nations organizations, as well as humanitarian assistance, human rights and development organizations, to strengthen collaboration and coordination through the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and the United Nations country team in countries with displaced situations, to provide all possible assistance and support to the Special Rapporteur, and requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to participate in the work of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and its subsidiary bodies;", "Notes with appreciation the increased attention given to internally displaced persons in the consolidated appeals process and encourages further efforts in this regard;", "Also notes with appreciation the growing role of national human rights institutions in assisting internally displaced persons and promoting and protecting their human rights;", "Acknowledges the usefulness of the global database on internally displaced persons, advocated by the Special Rapporteur, and encourages the members of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and Governments to continue to cooperate and support this effort, including through funding and data on internal displacement;", "Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by regional organizations such as the African Union, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, the Organization of American States and the Council of Europe to meet the protection, assistance and development needs of internally displaced persons and to seek durable solutions, and encourages regional organizations to strengthen their activities and cooperate with the Special Rapporteur;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide, within existing resources, all necessary assistance to the Special Rapporteur in the effective implementation of his mandate and encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to support the Special Rapporteur in close cooperation with the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and all other relevant United Nations offices and agencies;", "Encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to seek contributions from States and relevant organizations and institutions to create a more stable basis for his work;", "Requests the Special Rapporteur to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution for the sixty-seventh and sixty-eighth sessions of the General Assembly;", "Decides to continue its consideration of the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons during the sixty-eighth session of the General Assembly.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See the Guidelines on Internal Displacement (E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex), Introduction, para.", "[2] See the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, principle 6.", "[3] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512 and 17513.", "[6] Available from www.africa-union.org.", "[7] Article 7, paragraph 1, paragraphs 4 and 2, paragraph 4, article 8, paragraph 2 (a), and paragraph 5 (c) (see United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2187, No. 38544).", "[8] A/HRC/16/43.", "[9] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[10] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap.", "[11] A/HRC/13/21/Add.4." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/166. 有效促进《在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利宣言》", "大会，", "回顾其1992年12月18日第47/135号决议，其中大会通过了《在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利宣言》，并铭记《公民及政治权利国际公约》[1] 第27条以及现有其他相关国际标准和国内立法，", "又回顾大会其后关于有效促进《宣言》的决议以及人权理事会关于理事会设立少数群体问题论坛的2007年9月28日第6/15号决议、[2] 关于少数群体问题独立专家的任务的2011年3月24日第16/6号决议[3] 和关于纪念《宣言》通过二十周年小组讨论会的2011年9月29日第18/3号决议，[4]", "申明促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利，这些少数群体与社会其他群体之间开展对话以及建设性和包容性地推行在社会中融合多样性的做法和体制安排等等，有利于政治和社会稳定及防止并和平解决涉及在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利的冲突，", "表示关注在许多国家，涉及在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的争端和冲突十分频繁和严重，往往产生悲惨后果，并关注这些群体受冲突影响往往过分严重，致使其人权遭到侵犯，而且特别容易因人口转移、难民流动以及强迫迁移等因素而流离失所，", "强调在促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利，就有关少数群体状况问题进行预警和采取提高认识措施方面，国家机构可发挥重要作用，", "又强调需要加强努力，达到充分落实在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利这一目标，包括为此目的而解决经济和社会条件问题和边缘化问题，并终止针对他们的任何形式歧视，", "还强调必须在所有相关利益攸关方和社会成员中开展关于促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利问题的人权教育、培训和学习，并展开对话和互动，作为社会整体发展的一部分，包括交流最佳做法，借以促进对少数群体问题的相互了解，管理多样性，承认多元特征，倡导包容和稳定的社会以及社会内部的融合，", "承认联合国可通过妥善顾及和实施《宣言》等办法，在保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利方面发挥重要作用，", "注意到2012年将是《宣言》通过二十周年，", "申明该周年提供了一个重要机会，借以反思促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利的工作，反思在实施《宣言》方面的成就、最佳做法和挑战，", "确认在这方面少数群体问题独立专家为促进《宣言》实施工作所发挥的重要作用，", "1. 重申正如《在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利宣言》[5] 所宣示的，各国有义务确保在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者可以充分和有效行使所有人权和基本自由，不受任何歧视，在法律面前完全平等，并提请注意《德班宣言和行动纲领》[6] 的相关规定，包括关于各种形式的多重歧视的规定；", "2. 敦促各国和国际社会促进和保护《宣言》所载在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利，途径包括鼓励创造条件弘扬他们的特性，提供适当教育，便利他们不受歧视地参与社会的政治、经济、社会、宗教和文化生活的各个方面及国家的经济进步和发展，并敦促从性别观点开展这些工作；", "3. 敦促各国采取一切适当措施，包括宪法、立法、行政和其他措施，以期宣传和实施《宣言》，并呼吁各国依照《宣言》开展双边和多边合作，尤其是在交流最佳做法和吸取经验教训方面开展合作，以便促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利；", "4. 吁请各国在促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利过程中，特别重视属于少数群体的妇女和儿童的境况和特殊需要；", "5. 鼓励各国在就反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议采取后续行动时，将与在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者有关的各方面因素纳入国家行动计划，并在这方面充分考虑到各种形式的多重歧视问题；", "6. 赞赏地注意到少数群体问题独立专家的报告及报告对保护少数群体权利在预防冲突方面的作用的特别重视；[7]", "7. 吁请各国把促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利以及有效实现不歧视和人人平等纳入防止和解决涉及这些少数群体的冲突的战略，同时确保这些群体充分、有效地参与制定、实施和评价此类战略；", "8. 吁请秘书长应相关国家政府的请求，就少数群体问题，包括有关预防和解决争端问题，提供合格专家的专门知识，以协助解决涉及少数群体的各种现有或潜在问题；", "9. 赞扬少数群体问题独立专家在提高人们的意识，凸显在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利方面所作的工作和发挥的作用，并赞扬她目前为促进和保护少数群体者权利所作的努力，以确保公平发展，建立和平与稳定的社会，包括为此与各国政府、联合国相关机构和机制以及非政府组织密切合作；", "10. 吁请各国在少数群体问题独立专家履行其负责的任务和职责时给予合作和协助，提供她所要求的所有必要信息，并认真考虑迅速而积极地回复她的访问要求，以便她有效履行职责；", "11. 鼓励各专门机构、区域组织、国家人权机构和非政府组织与任务执行人定期对话与合作，并继续协助促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的权利；", "12. 表示赞赏少数群体问题论坛最初三届会议圆满完成，会议涉及了受教育的权利、有效参与政治的权利和参与经济生活的权利等议题，并通过利益攸关方的广泛参与，为促进关于这些议题的对话提供了一个重要平台；鼓励各国酌情考虑论坛的相关建议；", "13. 邀请各国，联合国各机制、机关、专门机构、基金和方案，各区域组织，政府间和非政府组织，各国人权机构及少数群体问题的学者和专家继续积极参加少数群体问题论坛各届会议；", "14. 欢迎人权理事会决定在其第十九届会议上召集一次小组讨论会，纪念《宣言》通过二十周年，尤其侧重于《宣言》的执行情况以及这方面的成就、最佳做法和挑战；⁴", "15. 欢迎联合国各机构、基金和方案由联合国人权事务高级专员办事处牵头就少数群体问题开展机构间合作，并敦促他们进一步增加合作，包括为此而拟定促进和保护属于少数群体者权利的政策，同时考虑到少数群体问题论坛的相关成果；", "16. 请联合国人权事务高级专员继续努力改善联合国各机构、基金和方案有关促进和保护在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利的活动的协调与合作，并在其工作中考虑到活跃于人权领域的相关区域组织的工作；", "17. 吁请高级专员在其职权范围内继续促进《宣言》的执行，为此与各国政府对话，并定期更新和广为传播《联合国关于少数群体的指南》；", "18. 邀请高级专员继续寻求自愿捐助，便利在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的非政府组织代表和人士，特别是来自发展中国家的代表和人士，有效参与联合国举办的涉及少数群体的活动，尤其是联合国人权机构的活动，并在这方面特别注意确保青年和妇女的参与；", "19. 邀请人权条约机构在审议各缔约国提交以及根据人权理事会特别程序提交的报告时，在各自任务范围内，继续注意在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的境况和权利；", "20. 重申普遍定期审议机制和联合国各人权条约机构是促进和保护人权和基本自由的重要机制，为此吁请各国切实落实已接受的与在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者有关的普遍定期审议建议，并进一步鼓励各缔约国认真考虑落实条约机构关于这一事项的建议；", "21. 邀请少数群体问题独立专家每年向大会报告；", "22. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交报告，说明本决议执行情况，包括高级专员办事处、少数群体问题独立专家、相关联合国实体在现有资源范围内以及会员国为纪念《宣言》通过二十周年而开展的活动；", "23. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议这一问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 见《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，补编第53号》(A/63/53)，第一章，A节。", "[3] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[4] 同上，《补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[5] 第47/135号决议，附件。", "[6] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。", "[7] 见A/HRC/16/45。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/166. Effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 47/135 of 18 December 1992, by which it adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities annexed to that resolution, and bearing in mind article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[1] as well as other relevant existing international standards and national legislation,", "Recalling also its subsequent resolutions on the effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, as well as Human Rights Council resolutions 6/15 of 28 September 2007, by which the Council established the Forum on Minority Issues,[2] 16/6 of 24 March 2011 on the mandate of the Independent Expert on minority issues[3] and 18/3 of 29 September 2011 on the panel to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration,[4]", "Affirming that the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and dialogue between these minorities and the rest of society, as well as the constructive and inclusive development of practices and institutional arrangements to accommodate diversity within societies, contribute to political and social stability and the prevention and peaceful resolution of conflicts involving the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities,", "Expressing concern at the frequency and severity of disputes and conflicts involving persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities in many countries and their often tragic consequences, and that they often suffer disproportionately from the effects of conflict resulting in the violation of their human rights and are particularly vulnerable to displacement through, inter alia, population transfers, refugee flows and forced relocation,", "Emphasizing the important role that national institutions can play in the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities as well as in early warning and awareness‑raising measures to address problems regarding minority situations,", "Emphasizing also the need for reinforced efforts to meet the goal of the full realization of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, including by addressing economic and social conditions and marginalization, as well as to end any type of discrimination against them,", "Emphasizing further the fundamental importance of human rights education, training and learning as well as of dialogue and interaction among all relevant stakeholders and members of society on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities as an integral part of the development of society as a whole, including the sharing of best practices such as for the promotion of mutual understanding of minority issues, managing diversity by recognizing plural identities and promoting inclusive and stable societies as well as social cohesion therein,", "Acknowledging that the United Nations has an important role to play regarding the protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities by, inter alia, taking due account of, and giving effect to, the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,", "Noting that 2012 will mark the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,", "Affirming that the anniversary offers an important opportunity to reflect on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, as well as on achievements, best practices and challenges with regard to implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,", "Recognizing, in this context, the important role played by the Independent Expert on minority issues in promoting the implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,", "1. Reaffirms the obligation of States to ensure that persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities may exercise fully and effectively all human rights and fundamental freedoms without any discrimination and in full equality before the law, as proclaimed in the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,[5] and draws attention to the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,[6] including the provisions on forms of multiple discrimination;", "2. Urges States and the international community to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, as set out in the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, including through the encouragement of conditions for the promotion of their identity, the provision of adequate education and the facilitation of their participation in all aspects of the political, economic, social, religious and cultural life of society and in the economic progress and development of their country, without discrimination, and to apply a gender perspective while doing so;", "3. Urges States to take all appropriate measures, inter alia, constitutional, legislative, administrative and other measures, for the promotion and implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and appeals to States to cooperate bilaterally and multilaterally, in particular on the exchange of best practices and lessons learned, in accordance with the Declaration, in order to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "4. Calls upon States to give special attention to the situation and specific needs of women and children belonging to minorities while promoting and protecting the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "5. Encourages States, in their follow‑up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, to include aspects relating to persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities in their national plans of action and, in this context, to take forms of multiple discrimination fully into account;", "6. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Independent Expert on minority issues and its special focus on the role of the protection of minority rights in conflict prevention;[7]", "7. Calls upon States to integrate the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, as well as effective non‑discrimination and equality for all, into strategies for the prevention and resolution of conflicts involving these minorities, while ensuring their full and effective participation in the design, implementation and evaluation of such strategies;", "8. Calls upon the Secretary‑General to make available, at the request of Governments concerned, qualified expertise on minority issues, including in the context of the prevention and resolution of disputes, to assist in resolving existing or potential situations involving minorities;", "9. Commends the Independent Expert on minority issues for the work that has been done and the important role played in raising the level of awareness of and in giving added visibility to the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and for the ongoing efforts to promote and protect their rights in order to ensure equitable development and peaceful and stable societies, including through close cooperation with Governments, the relevant United Nations bodies and mechanisms and non‑governmental organizations;", "10. Calls upon all States to cooperate with and assist the Independent Expert on minority issues in the performance of the tasks and duties mandated to her, to provide her with all the necessary information requested and to seriously consider responding promptly and favourably to the requests of the Independent Expert to visit their countries in order to enable her to fulfil her duties effectively;", "11. Encourages the specialized agencies, regional organizations, national human rights institutions and non‑governmental organizations to develop regular dialogue and cooperation with the mandate holder as well as to continue to contribute to the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "12. Expresses its appreciation for the successful completion of the first three sessions of the Forum on Minority Issues, addressing the right to education, the right to effective political participation and the right to participation in economic life and which, through the widespread participation of stakeholders, provided an important platform for promoting dialogue on these topics, and encourages States to take into consideration, as appropriate, relevant recommendations of the Forum;", "13. Invites States, United Nations mechanisms, bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes, regional, intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations and national human rights institutions as well as academics and experts on minority issues to continue to participate actively in the sessions of the Forum on Minority Issues;", "14. Welcomes the decision of the Human Rights Council to convene at its nineteenth session a panel discussion to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, with a particular focus on its implementation as well as on achievements, best practices and challenges in this regard;⁴", "15. Welcomes the inter‑agency cooperation among United Nations agencies, funds and programmes on minority issues, led by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and urges them to further increase their cooperation by, inter alia, developing policies on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities, drawing also on relevant outcomes of the Forum on Minority Issues;", "16. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue her efforts to improve coordination and cooperation among United Nations agencies, funds and programmes on activities related to the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and to take the work of relevant regional organizations active in the field of human rights into account in her endeavours;", "17. Calls upon the High Commissioner to continue to promote, within her mandate, the implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and to engage in a dialogue with Governments for that purpose and regularly update and disseminate widely the United Nations Guide for Minorities;", "18. Invites the High Commissioner to continue to seek voluntary contributions to facilitate the effective participation of representatives of non‑governmental organizations and persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, in particular those from developing countries, in minority‑related activities organized by the United Nations, in particular the activities of its human rights bodies, and in doing so to give particular attention to ensuring the participation of young people and women;", "19. Invites the human rights treaty bodies, when considering reports submitted by States parties as well as special procedures of the Human Rights Council, to continue to give attention, within their respective mandates, to situations and rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "20. Reaffirms that the universal periodic review, as well as the United Nations human rights treaty bodies, constitute important mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and in that regard calls upon States to effectively follow up on accepted universal periodic review recommendations related to the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and further encourages States parties to give serious consideration to the follow‑up to treaty body recommendations on the matter;", "21. Invites the Independent Expert on minority issues to report annually to the General Assembly;", "22. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including information on activities undertaken by the Office of the High Commissioner, the Independent Expert on minority issues and relevant United Nations entities, within existing resources, as well as by Member States, to mark the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities;", "23. Decides to continue consideration of the question at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap. I, sect. A.", "[3]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[4]  Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[5]  Resolution 47/135, annex.", "[6]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I.", "[7]  See A/HRC/16/45." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 47/135 of 18 December 1992, in which it adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and bearing in mind article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other relevant international standards and national legislation in place,", "Recalling also its subsequent resolutions on the effective promotion of the Declaration and Human Rights Council resolution 6/15 of 28 September 2007 on the establishment of the Forum on Minorities, resolution 16/6 of 24 March 2011 on the mandate of the independent expert on minority issues and resolution 18/3 of 29 September 2011 on the commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration,", "Affirming that the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, dialogue between these minorities and other groups of society and the constructive and inclusive pursuit of practices and institutional arrangements for the integration of diversity in society, such as political and social stability and the prevention and peaceful resolution of conflicts involving the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities,", "Expressing concern that disputes and conflicts involving persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are frequent and grave in many countries, often tragic consequences, and paying attention to the often grave violations of their human rights, which are particularly vulnerable to displacement due to factors such as population transfers, refugee flows and forced evictions,", "Emphasizing that national institutions have an important role to play in promoting and protecting the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, in early warning and awareness-raising on minority situations,", "Also emphasizes the need to strengthen efforts to achieve the goal of full implementation of the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, including by addressing economic and social conditions and marginalization for this purpose and ending any form of discrimination against them,", "Emphasizing also the importance of human rights education, training and learning among all relevant stakeholders and members of society on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and engaging in dialogue and interaction as part of the overall development of society, including the sharing of best practices, in order to promote mutual understanding of minority issues, the management of diversity, the recognition of pluralities, the promotion of inclusive and stable societies and the integration within society,", "Recognizing that the United Nations can play an important role in protecting the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, through appropriate consideration and implementation of the Declaration,", "Noting that 2012 will be the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration,", "Affirming that the anniversary provides an important opportunity to reflect on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and to reflect on achievements, best practices and challenges in the implementation of the Declaration,", "Recognizing the important role played by the independent expert on minority issues in promoting the implementation of the Declaration,", "Reaffirms the obligation of States, as stated in the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, to ensure that persons belonging to minorities are fully and effectively able to exercise all human rights and fundamental freedoms without discrimination and are fully equal before the law, and recalls the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action [6], including provisions on multiple forms of discrimination;", "Urges States and the international community to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities enshrined in the Declaration, including by encouraging the creation of conditions to promote their identity, by providing adequate education to facilitate their non-discriminatory participation in all aspects of the political, economic, social, religious and cultural life of society and in the economic progress and development of States, and urges them to carry out those work from a gender perspective;", "Urges States to take all appropriate measures, including constitutional, legislative, administrative and other measures, to promote and implement the Declaration and calls upon States to cooperate bilateral and multilaterally in accordance with the Declaration, in particular in the exchange of best practices and lessons learned, in order to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic settings;", "Calls upon States to pay particular attention to the situation and special needs of women and children belonging to minorities in the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "Encourages States to incorporate into their national plans of action all aspects related to persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities in follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, and, in this regard, to take fully into account all forms of discrimination;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the independent expert on minority issues and the special attention given to the role of minority rights in conflict prevention; [7]", "Calls upon States to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and to effectively achieve non-discrimination and equality for all in strategies to prevent and resolve conflicts involving these minorities, while ensuring their full and effective participation in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of such strategies;", "Calls upon the Secretary-General, at the request of the Governments concerned, to provide expert expertise on minority issues, including issues related to the prevention and resolution of disputes, in order to assist in addressing existing or potential problems involving minorities;", "Commends the independent expert on minority issues for raising awareness, highlighting the work and the role played by persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and commends her current efforts to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to minorities in order to ensure equitable development and to establish a society of peace and stability, including through close cooperation with Governments, relevant United Nations agencies and mechanisms and non-governmental organizations;", "Calls upon States to cooperate and assist the independent expert on minority issues in the fulfilment of her mandate and duties and to provide the necessary information requested by her, and to give serious consideration to responding promptly and positively to her requests for visits so that she can effectively discharge her duties;", "Encourages the specialized agencies, regional organizations, national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations to engage in regular dialogue and cooperation with mandate holders and to continue to assist in the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Forum on Minority Issues for its successful conclusion at its first three sessions, which covered topics such as the right to education, the right to participate effectively in political life and the right to participate in economic life, and through the wide participation of stakeholders, which provides an important platform for promoting dialogue on these topics; and encourages States to consider, as appropriate, relevant recommendations of the Forum;", "Invites States, United Nations mechanisms, bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes, regional organizations, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and scholars and experts on minority issues to continue to participate actively in the sessions of the Forum on Minorities;", "Welcomes the decision of the Human Rights Council to convene a panel discussion at its nineteenth session to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration, with particular emphasis on the implementation of the Declaration and on the achievements, best practices and challenges in that regard;4", "Welcomes the inter-agency cooperation of United Nations agencies, funds and programmes led by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on minority issues, and urges them to further increase their cooperation, including by developing policies to promote and protect the rights of persons belonging to minorities, taking into account the relevant outcomes of the Forum on Minority Issues;", "Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue its efforts to improve coordination and cooperation among United Nations agencies, funds and programmes on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities in the national or ethnic, religious and linguistic contexts, and to take into account in its work the work of relevant regional organizations active in the field of human rights;", "Calls upon the High Commissioner, within her mandate, to continue to promote the implementation of the Declaration and, in this regard, to engage in dialogue with Governments and to regularly update and disseminate the United Nations Guidelines on Minorities;", "Invites the High Commissioner to continue to seek voluntary contributions to facilitate the effective participation of non-governmental organizations and persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, in particular representatives and persons from developing countries, in the activities of the United Nations relating to minorities, in particular United Nations human rights bodies, and in this regard pay particular attention to ensuring the participation of young people and women;", "Invites the human rights treaty bodies to continue to pay attention, within their respective mandates, to the situation and rights of persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic terms, when considering reports submitted by States parties and submitted by special procedures of the Human Rights Council;", "Reaffirms that the universal periodic review mechanism and the United Nations human rights treaty bodies are important mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and in this regard calls upon States to implement effectively the accepted universal periodic review recommendations relating to persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and further encourages States parties to give serious consideration to the implementation of treaty body recommendations on this matter;", "Invites the independent expert on minority issues to report annually to the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including activities undertaken by the Office of the High Commissioner, the independent expert on minority issues, relevant United Nations entities, within existing resources and by Member States to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this matter under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap.", "[3] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[4] Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[5] Resolution 47/135, annex.", "[6] See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap.", "[7] See A/HRC/16/45." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/167. 打击基于宗教或信仰原因而针对他人实施的不容忍、丑化、污蔑、歧视、暴力煽动和暴力侵害行为", "大会，", "重申各国依照《联合国宪章》承诺增进和鼓励对人权及基本自由的普遍尊重和信守，而不分宗教、信仰或其他区别，", "又重申各国有义务禁止基于宗教或信仰原因的歧视，并执行措施保障平等和有效的法律保护，", "还重申所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互关联和相互依存的，", "重申《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》[1] 除其他外规定人人有权享受思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由，此项权利包括维持或皈依其所选择的宗教或信仰的自由，以及独自或群体、公开或私下地以礼拜、仪式、实践和教义来表明其宗教或信仰的自由，", "欢迎人权理事会2011年3月24日第16/18号决议，[2]", "重申行使见解和言论自由权以及充分尊重寻求、接受和传播信息的自由，可对加强民主、消除宗教不容忍现象起到积极作用，", "深切关注世界各地发生的基于宗教或信仰原因而对他人实施的不容忍、歧视和暴力侵害行为，", "谴责一切鼓吹基于宗教或信仰原因的歧视或暴力的行为，", "强烈谴责一切基于宗教或信仰原因而对他人实施的暴力行为，以及针对这些人住所、商业、财产、学校、文化中心或礼拜场所的一切攻击行为，", "又强烈谴责违反国际法尤其是人权法和国际人道主义法，针对宗教场所、场址和圣地的一切形式攻击行为，包括一切蓄意毁坏圣物和纪念物的行为，", "关切故意利用紧张局势或基于宗教或信仰原因而针对个人实施的行动，", "深为关切地注意到世界许多地区发生的不容忍、歧视和暴力行为，包括因歧视宗教少数群体而引起的事件，以及对宗教信徒的负面描绘，基于宗教或信仰原因而执行的专门歧视某些人的措施，", "表示关切各种表现形式的基于宗教或信仰的不容忍，此类现象会引发不同民族个人之间的仇恨和暴力，在这方面强调必须尊重宗教和文化多样性，开展信仰间和文化间对话，从而帮助促成个人、社会和民族之间的一种相互宽容与尊重文化，", "确认所有宗教或信仰的信徒都为人类作了宝贵贡献，不同宗教团体之间的对话可增进对全人类共同价值观的认识和了解，", "着重指出国家、区域组织、非政府组织、宗教机构和媒体在促进宽容、尊重宗教和文化多样性以及普遍促进和保护人权包括宗教或信仰自由方面，可发挥重要作用，", "又着重指出教育对促进宽容的重要性，而宽容意味着公众接受并尊重宗教和文化多样性，包括接受并尊重宗教表达，还着重指出教育，特别是学校教育，应有助于切实促进宽容以及消除基于宗教或信仰原因的歧视，", "确认开展合作以加强实施现行法律制度，从而保护个人免遭歧视和仇恨罪行的侵害，增强信仰间和文化间的交流努力以及扩大人权教育，是打击基于宗教或信仰原因而对他人实施的不容忍、歧视和暴力行为的首要步骤，", "欢迎根据《世界人权宣言》[3] 中明示的宗旨和原则，由沙特阿拉伯国王阿卜杜拉发起、在维也纳设立了阿卜杜拉·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王宗教间和文化间对话国际中心，并确认该中心作为加强宗教间和文化间对话的一个平台，预期会发挥重要作用，", "在这方面又欢迎国际、区域和国家为促进宗教间、文化间和信仰间的和谐以及打击基于宗教或信仰原因而歧视他人的行为所采取的所有举措，", "1. 表示深为关切基于宗教或信仰原因而对他人实施贬低丑化、负面定性和冠以污名的严重事件依然发生，并关切一些极端主义组织和团体推行旨在持续丑化一些宗教团体的计划和纲领，特别是一些国家政府居然纵容这种行为；", "2. 表示关切世界各地宗教不容忍、歧视和相关暴力事件以及基于宗教或信仰原因而对他人进行丑化的事件数目继续不断增多，在这方面谴责构成煽动歧视、敌意或暴力的任何鼓吹宗教仇恨行为，此外敦促各国采取本决议所述的有效措施，履行其根据国际人权法承担的义务，处理和制止此类事件；", "3. 谴责构成煽动歧视、敌意或暴力的任何鼓吹宗教仇恨行为，不论其采用印刷、音像、电子媒介或是任何其他手段；", "4. 确认地方、国家和国际各级关于各种思想的公开辩论以及信仰间和文化间对话，可以成为防范宗教不容忍的最佳保障之一，也可以在加强民主和打击宗教仇恨方面发挥积极作用；表示深信，就这些问题进行持续对话有助于克服现有的错误观念；", "5. 重申伊斯兰会议组织秘书长在人权理事会第十五届会议上发出的呼吁，号召各国采取下列行动，在国内营造一种宗教宽容、和平和相互尊重的氛围：", "(a) 鼓励建立协作网络，以建立相互理解，推动对话以及动员而采取建设性行动，以实现共同政策目标，力求取得切实成果，例如在教育、卫生、预防冲突、就业、融合及媒体教育等领域实施服务项目；", "(b) 在政府中设立适当机制，以便除其他外确定和解决不同宗教群体成员之间可能造成关系紧张的问题，并且协助预防冲突和进行调解；", "(c) 鼓励为政府官员提供有效外联战略方面的培训；", "(d) 鼓励社区领导人作出努力，在其社区中讨论产生歧视的原因，拟订消除这些原因的战略；", "(e) 声讨不容忍行为，包括构成煽动歧视、敌意或暴力的鼓吹宗教仇恨行为；", "(f) 采取措施，将煽动基于宗教或信仰的直接暴力的行为定为刑事罪；", "(g) 理解需要在地方、国家、区域和国际各级制定战略并协调行动，通过教育和提高认识等行动，消除诋毁他人和对他人冠以负面宗教成见以及煽动宗教仇恨的行为；", "(h) 确认以开放、建设性和相互尊重的方式进行思想辩论以及在地方、国家和国际各级开展信仰间和文化间对话，可在消除宗教仇恨、煽动和暴力行为方面发挥积极作用；", "6. 吁请所有国家：", "(a) 采取有效措施，确保政府官员在执行公务时不基于宗教或信仰原因对他人进行歧视；", "(b) 扶持宗教自由和多元化，帮助所有宗教团体的成员提高表现其宗教信仰并公开、平等地为社会作贡献的能力；", "(c) 不分宗教或信仰，鼓励个人进入并有意义地参与社会所有各部门；", "(d) 大力消除以宗教取人的行为，据理解，这种行为是以宗教作为判断标准来从事审询、搜查及其他执法调查程序，因而令人反感；", "7. 又吁请所有国家采取措施和政策，促进对礼拜场所以及宗教地点、墓地和圣祠的充分尊重和全面保护，并且对易于遭破坏和损毁的地点采取防范措施；", "8. 要求国际社会加强努力，促进全球对话，以尊重人权及宗教信仰多样性为基础，在各级营造宽容与和平文化；", "9. 鼓励所有国家在继续向联合国人权事务高级专员办事处提交报告时，考虑提供最新资料，说明为此所做的努力，并在这方面请人权事务高级专员在其提交人权理事会的报告中列入这些最新资料；", "10. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份报告，说明各国按照本决议所述，为打击基于宗教或信仰原因针对他人实施不容忍、丑化、污蔑、歧视、暴力煽动和暴力侵害的行为而采取的步骤。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[3] 第217A(III)号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/167. Combating intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the commitment made by all States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote and encourage universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to, inter alia, religion or belief,", "Reaffirming also the obligation of States to prohibit discrimination on the basis of religion or belief and to implement measures to guarantee the equal and effective protection of the law,", "Reaffirming further that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated,", "Reaffirming that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[1] provides, inter alia, that everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, which shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of one’s choice and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest one’s religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching,", "Welcoming Human Rights Council resolution 16/18 of 24 March 2011,[2]", "Reaffirming the positive role that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information can play in strengthening democracy and combating religious intolerance,", "Deeply concerned about incidents of intolerance, discrimination and violence against persons based on their religion or belief in all regions of the world,", "Deploring any advocacy of discrimination or violence on the basis of religion or belief,", "Strongly deploring all acts of violence against persons on the basis of their religion or belief, as well as any such acts directed against their homes, businesses, properties, schools, cultural centres or places of worship,", "Strongly deploring, further, all attacks on and in religious places, sites and shrines in violation of international law, in particular human rights law and international humanitarian law, including any deliberate destruction of relics and monuments,", "Concerned about actions that wilfully exploit tensions or target individuals on the basis of their religion or belief,", "Noting with deep concern the instances of intolerance, discrimination and acts of violence occurring in many parts of the world, including cases motivated by discrimination against persons belonging to religious minorities, in addition to the negative projection of the followers of religions and the enforcement of measures that specifically discriminate against persons on the basis of religion or belief,", "Expressing concern at manifestations of intolerance based on religion or belief that can generate hatred and violence among individuals composing different nations, and in this regard emphasizing the importance of respect for religious and cultural diversity, as well as interfaith and intercultural dialogue, which contribute to promoting a culture of tolerance and respect among individuals, societies and nations,", "Recognizing the valuable contribution of people of all religions or beliefs to humanity and the contribution that dialogue among religious groups can make towards an improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind,", "Underlining the fact that States, regional organizations, non‑governmental organizations, religious bodies and the media have an important role to play in promoting tolerance and respect for religious and cultural diversity and in the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including freedom of religion or belief,", "Underlining also the importance of education in the promotion of tolerance, which involves the acceptance by the public of and its respect for religious and cultural diversity, including with regard to religious expression, and underlining further the fact that education, in particular at school, should contribute in a meaningful way to promoting tolerance and the elimination of discrimination based on religion or belief,", "Recognizing that working together to enhance the implementation of existing legal regimes that protect individuals against discrimination and hate crimes, increase interfaith and intercultural efforts and expand human rights education is an important first step in combating incidents of intolerance, discrimination and violence against individuals on the basis of religion or belief,", "Welcoming the establishment of the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue in Vienna, initiated by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, on the basis of the purposes and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[3] and acknowledging the important role that the Centre is expected to play as a platform for the enhancement of interreligious and intercultural dialogue,", "Welcoming also, in this regard, all international, regional and national initiatives aimed at promoting interreligious, intercultural and interfaith harmony and combating discrimination against individuals on the basis of religion or belief,", "1. Expresses deep concern at the continued serious instances of derogatory stereotyping, negative profiling and stigmatization of persons based on their religion or belief, as well as programmes and agendas pursued by extremist organizations and groups aimed at creating and perpetuating negative stereotypes about religious groups, in particular when condoned by Governments;", "2. Expresses concern that the number of incidents of religious intolerance, discrimination and related violence, as well as of negative stereotyping of individuals on the basis of religion or belief, continues to rise around the world, condemns, in this context, any advocacy of religious hatred against individuals that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, and urges States to take effective measures, as set forth in the present resolution and consistent with their obligations under international human rights law, to address and combat such incidents;", "3. Condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, whether it involves the use of print, audiovisual or electronic media or any other means;", "4. Recognizes that the open public debate of ideas, as well as interfaith and intercultural dialogue, at the local, national and international levels can be among the best protections against religious intolerance and can play a positive role in strengthening democracy and combating religious hatred, and expresses its conviction that a continuing dialogue on these issues can help to overcome existing misperceptions;", "5. Reiterates the call made by the Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference at the fifteenth session of the Human Rights Council upon all States to take the following actions to foster a domestic environment of religious tolerance, peace and respect:", "(a) Encouraging the creation of collaborative networks to build mutual understanding, promoting dialogue and inspiring constructive action towards shared policy goals and the pursuit of tangible outcomes, such as servicing projects in the fields of education, health, conflict prevention, employment, integration and media education;", "(b) Creating an appropriate mechanism within Governments to, inter alia, identify and address potential areas of tension between members of different religious communities, and assisting with conflict prevention and mediation;", "(c) Encouraging the training of Government officials in effective outreach strategies;", "(d) Encouraging the efforts of leaders to discuss within their communities the causes of discrimination, and developing strategies to counter those causes;", "(e) Speaking out against intolerance, including advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence;", "(f) Adopting measures to criminalize the incitement to imminent violence based on religion or belief;", "(g) Understanding the need to combat denigration and the negative religious stereotyping of persons, as well as incitement to religious hatred, by strategizing and harmonizing actions at the local, national, regional and international levels through, inter alia, education and awareness‑raising;", "(h) Recognizing that the open, constructive and respectful debate of ideas, as well as interfaith and intercultural dialogue at the local, national and international levels, can play a positive role in combating religious hatred, incitement and violence;", "6. Calls upon all States:", "(a) To take effective measures to ensure that public functionaries, in the conduct of their public duties, do not discriminate against an individual on the basis of religion or belief;", "(b) To foster religious freedom and pluralism by promoting the ability of members of all religious communities to manifest their religion and to contribute openly and on an equal footing to society;", "(c) To encourage the representation and meaningful participation of individuals, irrespective of their religion or belief, in all sectors of society;", "(d) To make a strong effort to counter religious profiling, which is understood to be the invidious use of religion as a criterion in conducting questioning, searches and other law enforcement investigative procedures;", "7. Also calls upon all States to adopt measures and policies to promote the full respect for and protection of places of worship and religious sites, cemeteries and shrines, and to take measures in cases where they are vulnerable to vandalism or destruction;", "8. Calls for strengthened international efforts to foster a global dialogue for the promotion of a culture of tolerance and peace at all levels, based on respect for human rights and diversity of religions and beliefs;", "9. Encourages all States to consider providing updates on efforts made in this regard as part of ongoing reporting to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and in this respect requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to include those updates in her reports to the Human Rights Council;", "10. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on steps taken by States to combat intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief, as set forth in the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[3]  Resolution 217 A (III)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Combating intolerance, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against others on the basis of religion or belief", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the commitment of States to promote and encourage universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, without distinction as to religion, belief or other distinctions,", "Reaffirming also the obligation of States to prohibit discrimination based on religion or belief and to implement measures to guarantee equal and effective legal protection,", "Reaffirming also that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interrelated and interdependent,", "Reaffirming that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides, inter alia, that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, including freedom to maintain or convert to the religion or belief chosen by him or her, as well as freedom of worship, ceremony, practice and teaching alone, or privately, to demonstrate his religion or belief,", "Welcoming Human Rights Council resolution 16/18 of 24 March 2011, [2]", "Reaffirming that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and disseminate information can play a positive role in strengthening democracy and eliminating religious intolerance,", "Deeply concerned at the acts of intolerance, discrimination and violence committed against others by religion or belief worldwide,", "Condemning all acts of discrimination or violence based on religion or belief,", "Strongly condemn all acts of violence committed against others on the basis of religion or belief and all attacks against their homes, businesses, property, schools, cultural centres or places of worship,", "Also strongly condemn all forms of attacks against religious sites, sites and holy places, in violation of international law, in particular human rights law and international humanitarian law, including all acts of deliberate destruction of holy objects and monuments,", "Concerned about the deliberate use of tensions or actions directed against individuals on the basis of religion or belief,", "Noting with deep concern the instances of intolerance, discrimination and violence in many parts of the world, including those arising from discrimination against religious minorities, as well as the negative portrayals of religious adherents, which are carried out on the basis of religion or belief,", "Expressing concern at manifestations of intolerance based on religion or belief, which can lead to hatred and violence among individuals of different ethnic groups, and in this regard stressing the importance of respect for religious and cultural diversity, interfaith and intercultural dialogue, thus helping to foster a culture of tolerance and respect among individuals, societies and peoples,", "Recognizing that the followers of all religions or beliefs have made a valuable contribution to human beings, and that dialogue among different religious groups can promote awareness and understanding of the common values of humankind,", "Stressing the important role that States, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations, religious institutions and the media play in promoting tolerance, respect for religious and cultural diversity and universal promotion and protection of human rights, including freedom of religion or belief,", "Stressing also the importance of education for the promotion of tolerance, which means that the public accepts and respects religious and cultural diversity, including acceptance and respect for religious expression, and stressing that education, in particular school education, should contribute to the effective promotion of tolerance and the elimination of discrimination based on religion or belief,", "Recognizing that cooperation in strengthening the implementation of the existing legal system, thereby protecting individuals against violations of discrimination and hatred, enhancing interfaith and intercultural communication efforts and expanding human rights education is the primary step in combating intolerance, discrimination and violence against others on the basis of religion or belief,", "Welcoming the establishment, in accordance with the purposes and principles expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [3], of the International Centre for Inter-Ministerial and Intercultural Dialogue of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, in Vienna, and recognizing that the Centre will play an important role as a platform for strengthening inter-religious and intercultural dialogue,", "Welcoming in this regard all initiatives undertaken by international, regional and national to promote inter-religious, intercultural and interfaith harmony and to combat discrimination against others on the basis of religion or belief,", "Expresses its deep concern at the continuing occurrence of serious incidents of degradation, negative characterization and slander based on religion or belief, and expresses concern at the fact that extremist organizations and groups pursue plans and programmes aimed at continuing to demobilize a number of religious groups, in particular by the Government of some States;", "Expresses concern at the continuing increase in the number of incidents of religious intolerance, discrimination and related violence in all parts of the world, as well as the sterilization of others on the basis of religion or belief, and in this regard condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, and urges States to take effective measures described in the present resolution in order to comply with their obligations under international human rights law to address and combat such incidents;", "Condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, irrespective of the use of print, audio, electronic media or any other means;", "Acknowledges that open debates on ideas at the local, national and international levels, as well as interfaith and intercultural dialogue, can be one of the best guarantees for religious intolerance and can play an active role in strengthening democracy and combating religious hatred; and expresses its conviction that sustained dialogue on these issues contributes to overcoming existing misconceptions;", "Reaffirms the call made by the Secretary-General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference at the fifteenth session of the Human Rights Council calling upon States to take the following actions to create a climate of religious tolerance, peace and mutual respect in the country:", "(a) Encourage the establishment of collaborative networks to build mutual understanding, promote dialogue and mobilize constructive action to achieve common policy objectives and to achieve tangible results, such as implementation of service projects in such areas as education, health, conflict prevention, employment, integration and media education;", "(b) Establish appropriate mechanisms in the Government to identify and address, inter alia, possible tensions among members of different religious groups and to assist in conflict prevention and mediation;", "(c) Encourage training for government officials on effective outreach strategies;", "(d) Encourage community leaders to make efforts to discuss the causes of discrimination in their communities and to develop strategies to eliminate them;", "(e) To address intolerance, including advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence;", "(f) Measures to criminalize incitement to direct violence based on religion or belief;", "(g) To understand the need for strategies and coordinated action at the local, national, regional and international levels, to eliminate defamation of others and the use of other sensitivities for negative religious stereotypes and incitement to religious hatred, including through education and awareness-raising;", "(h) To recognize that ideological debates and interfaith and intercultural dialogue at the local, national and international levels can play an active role in eliminating religious hatred, incitement and violence;", "Calls upon all States:", "(a) Take effective measures to ensure that government officials do not discriminate against others on the basis of religion or belief in the execution of their official duties;", "(b) To promote freedom of religion and pluralism and to assist members of all religious groups to increase their ability to manifest their religious beliefs and to make public and equal contributions to society;", "(c) To encourage individuals to enter and meaningfully participate in all sectors of society, regardless of religion or belief;", "(d) A strong elimination of the conduct of religious accessees, which is understood as being used by religion as a criterion of judgement in the conduct of interrogations, searches and other law enforcement investigations processes, which are counterproductive;", "Also calls upon all States to take measures and policies to promote full respect for and full protection of places of worship, as well as religious sites, cemeteries and shrines, and to take preventive measures against sites that are vulnerable to destruction and destruction;", "Demands that the international community intensify its efforts to promote global dialogue based on respect for human rights and the diversity of religions and beliefs, and to foster a culture of tolerance and peace at all levels;", "Encourages all States, when reporting to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to consider providing updated information on the efforts made to that end, and in this regard requests the High Commissioner for Human Rights to include such updated information in his report to the Human Rights Council;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on steps taken by States to combat acts of intolerance, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against others on the basis of religion or belief, as set out in the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[3] Resolution 217A (III)." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/168. 消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视", "大会，", "回顾其1981年11月25日第36/55号决议，其中发布了《消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视宣言》，", "又回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》[1] 第18条、《世界人权宣言》[2] 第18条和其他相关人权规定，", "还回顾大会以往关于消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视的各项决议，包括2010年12月21日第65/211号决议，以及人权理事会2011年3月24日第16/13号决议，[3]", "确认人权事务委员会就宗教或信仰自由的范围问题提供指导的重要工作，", "认为对表明信奉宗教或信仰的人而言，宗教或信仰是其人生观的一个基本要素，应当充分尊重和保障宗教或信仰自由，", "重申人人都有思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由的权利，其中包括保有或不保有或信奉自主选择的宗教或信仰的自由，以及单独或集体、公开或非公开地以教义、实践、礼拜和戒律表明其宗教或信仰的自由，", "深为关切世界各地不断出现针对个人及宗教社区和宗教少数群体成员、基于宗教或信仰原因的不容忍和暴力行为，深为关切在消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视这一领域取得的进展有限，认为因此必须加紧努力，促进和保护思想、良心、宗教或信仰自由的权利，并消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式仇恨、不容忍和歧视，如同2001年8月31日至9月8日在南非德班举行的反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议以及2009年4月20日至24日在日内瓦举行的德班审查会议上指出的那样，", "关切针对宗教社区和宗教少数群体成员的暴力行为或可信暴力威胁有时得到官方机构的容忍或鼓励，", "又关切限制思想、良心、宗教或信仰自由的法律和条例数目不断增多，关切以歧视方式实施现行法律，", "深信必须解决宗教极端主义在世界各地抬头导致个人权利受到影响的问题，解决以宗教或信仰为理由或以此名义或以文化和传统习俗为借口实施的影响到许多妇女和其他个人的暴力和歧视情况，以及滥用宗教或信仰以达到有违《联合国宪章》及联合国其他相关文书宗旨的目的的问题，", "严重关切违反国际法，尤其是违反人权和人道主义法，对宗教场所、场址和圣地的各种袭击，包括任何蓄意毁坏圣物和纪念物的行为，", "强调各国、区域组织、非政府组织、宗教团体和媒体可发挥重要作用，促进宽容及尊重宗教和文化多样性，并在全世界促进和保护人权，包括宗教或信仰自由，", "着重指出教育对于增进宽容，包括对于公众接受和尊重宗教表达形式等方面多样性的重要性，并着重指出教育特别是学校教育应切实帮助促进宽容和消除基于宗教或信仰的歧视，", "1. 强烈谴责基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视以及侵犯思想、良心、宗教或信仰自由的行为；", "2. 强调指出思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由的权利同等适用于所有人，不论其宗教或信仰为何，人人都享有法律的平等保护，不受任何歧视；", "3. 强调如人权事务委员会所着重指出的那样，只有在以下情况下才允许对表明宗教或信仰的自由施加限制：法律明令限制，保障公共安全、秩序、健康或道德或他人基本权利和自由所必需，属非歧视性质，在适用时不会损害思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由的权利；", "4. 又强调宗教或信仰自由与表达自由相互依存、相互关联和互为强化，并强调指出这些权利在打击基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视行为方面可发挥的作用；", "5. 深为关切地确认世界各地针对许多宗教社区和其他社区成员的不容忍和暴力事件，不论何方所为，包括出于仇视伊斯兰、反犹太主义和仇视基督教动机的事件，出现全面增多趋势；", "6. 强烈谴责煽动歧视、敌意或暴力的任何鼓吹宗教仇恨的行为，不论使用的是印刷、音像、电子媒介还是任何其他手段；", "7. 表示关切以宗教或信仰名义针对许多人实施的制度化社会不容忍和歧视做法持续存在，强调涉及宗教或信仰团体和礼拜场所的法律程序并不是行使表明个人宗教或信仰的权利的先决条件，并强调此类法律程序如属国家或地方一级法律要求，则应是非歧视性的，以帮助有效保护所有人单独或集体、公开或非公开地奉行其宗教或信仰的权利；", "8. 关切地确认被剥夺自由者、难民、寻求庇护者、境内流离失所者、儿童以及在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者及移徙者等处境脆弱者在自由行使宗教或信仰自由权利的能力方面所处的情况；", "9. 强调各国有义务恪尽职守，预防、调查和惩处针对宗教少数群体成员的暴力行为，无论行为人为谁，未尽此义务，则可能构成对人权的侵犯；", "10. 又强调不得将任何宗教等同于恐怖主义，因为这样做可能会对有关宗教社区所有成员享受宗教或信仰自由权造成不利影响；", "11. 痛惜宗教不容忍事例继续存在，宗教或信仰自由权利的享受正面临新阻碍，特别是：", "(a) 世界各地针对许多宗教少数群体和其他社区成员的不容忍和暴力行为事例；", "(b) 宗教仇恨、歧视、不容忍和暴力事件，这些事件可能表现为基于宗教或信仰而对他人进行丑化、消极定性及侮辱；", "(c) 违反国际法特别是人权法和人道主义法，袭击或破坏宗教场所、场址和圣地，而这些场所、场址和圣地对精神或宗教信仰团体成员的尊严和生活来说并非只是具有物质意义；", "(d) 法律和实践中构成对宗教或信仰自由基本权利，包括个人公开表达自身精神和宗教信仰的权利的侵犯的事例，同时考虑到《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》¹ 相关条款以及其他国际文书；", "(e) 有些宪法和立法制度未能在思想、良心、宗教或信仰自由方面一视同仁地为所有人提供恰当、有效的保障；", "12. 敦促各国加紧努力，保护和促进思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由，并为此：", "(a) 确保本国宪法和立法制度无区别、充分和有效地保障所有人的思想、良心及宗教和信仰自由，除其他外，在出现思想、良心及宗教或信仰自由权利或自由信奉宗教权利，包括改变宗教或信仰权利受到侵犯的情况时，提供诉诸司法的机会和有效补救；", "(b) 确保现行法律在执行中不带歧视，不导致基于宗教或信仰的歧视，并确保各自管辖范围内无人因宗教或信仰而被剥夺生命权、人身自由及人身安全权利，而且确保无人因此遭受酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，或被任意逮捕或拘留，并将所有侵犯这些权利的行为人绳之以法；", "(c) 制止侵犯妇女人权行为，并特别重视废除歧视妇女的做法和立法，包括事关她们行使思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由权利的歧视做法和立法；", "(d) 确保无人因为宗教或信仰而在获取教育、医疗保健、就业、人道主义援助或社会福利等方面受到歧视，并确保人人有权而且有机会在基本平等条件下获得本国的公共服务，不受任何基于宗教或信仰的歧视；", "(e) 酌情审查现行登记做法，以确保这种做法不限制所有人单独或集体、公开或非公开地表明宗教或信仰的权利；", "(f) 确保不因个人宗教或信仰而扣留官方证件，并确保人人有权拒绝违背本人意愿而在官方证件中披露自己宗教归属的资料；", "(g) 尤其确保人人有权从事与宗教或信仰有关的礼拜、集会或传教，有权设立和维持用于此种目的的场所，并有权寻求、接受和传播这些方面的信息和想法；", "(h) 确保根据适当的国内立法并按照国际人权法，使所有个人和团体成员设立和维持宗教、慈善或人道主义机构的自由得到充分尊重和保护；", "(i) 确保所有公职人员和公务员，包括执法机构成员以及拘留设施人员、军事人员和教育工作者在执行公务时，尊重宗教或信仰自由，不因宗教或信仰而有所歧视，并确保提供一切必要和恰当的提高认识宣传、教育或培训；", "(j) 按照国际人权标准，采取一切必要和适当的行动，消除出于宗教或信仰不容忍动机的仇恨、歧视、不容忍及暴力、恐吓和胁迫行为以及煽动敌意和暴力行为，特别是针对世界各地宗教少数群体成员的这类行为；", "(k) 在所有与宗教或信仰自由相关的事项上，通过教育和其他途径来促进相互理解、宽容、不歧视和尊重，为此鼓励整个社会更多地了解不同宗教和信仰以及国家管辖范围内现有各个宗教少数群体的历史、传统、语言和文化；", "(l) 防止任何基于宗教或信仰的区分、排斥、限制或优待，因为此种做法有损在平等基础上承认、享受或行使人权和基本自由，并查找可能导致基于宗教或信仰的歧视的不容忍迹象；", "13. 欢迎并鼓励媒体采取主动举措，促进宽容，促进尊重宗教和文化多样性，并普遍促进和保护人权，包括宗教或信仰自由；", "14. 强调指出必须继续进行并加强不同宗教或信仰之间及其内部的各种形式对话，并促进更广泛的参与，包括妇女的参与，以增进宽容、尊重和相互理解，欢迎在这方面采取的各种不同举措，包括不同文明联盟倡议以及联合国教育、科学及文化组织主导的各项方案；", "15. 欢迎并鼓励包括非政府组织及宗教或信仰机构与团体在内的所有社会行为体继续努力促进执行《消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视宣言》，[4] 此外鼓励它们开展工作，促进宗教或信仰自由，揭露宗教不容忍、歧视和迫害行为，并促进宗教宽容；", "16. 建议各国、联合国和其他行为体，包括非政府组织及宗教或信仰机构和团体，在努力促进宗教或信仰自由过程中，确保以尽可能多的语种，尽可能广泛散发《消除基于宗教或信仰原因一切形式不容忍和歧视宣言》全文，并推动其落实；", "17. 欢迎人权理事会宗教或信仰自由问题特别报告员的工作和临时报告，特别是他关于宗教间相互沟通的意见；[5]", "18. 敦促各国政府与特别报告员充分合作，积极回应他提出的访问要求，并提供一切必要资料和采取后续行动，使他能有效执行任务；", "19. 请秘书长确保特别报告员获得全面执行任务所需的资源；", "20. 请特别报告员向大会第六十七届会议提交一份临时报告；", "21. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议关于消除一切形式宗教不容忍的问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[4] 见第36/55号决议。", "[5] 见A/66/156。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/168. Elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 36/55 of 25 November 1981, by which it proclaimed the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief,", "Recalling also article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[1] article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[2] and other relevant human rights provisions,", "Recalling further its previous resolutions on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief, including resolution 65/211 of 21 December 2010, and Human Rights Council resolution 16/13 of 24 March 2011,[3]", "Recognizing the important work carried out by the Human Rights Committee in providing guidance with respect to the scope of freedom of religion or belief,", "Considering that religion or belief, for those who profess either, is one of the fundamental elements in their conception of life and that freedom of religion or belief should be fully respected and guaranteed,", "Reaffirming that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, which includes the freedom to have or not to have, or to adopt, a religion or belief of one’s own choice, and the freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest one’s religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance,", "Deeply concerned at continuing acts of intolerance and violence based on religion or belief against individuals and members of religious communities and religious minorities around the world and at the limited progress that has been made in the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief, and believing that further intensified efforts are therefore required to promote and protect the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief and to eliminate all forms of hatred, intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief, as also noted at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, as well as at the Durban Review Conference, held in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009,", "Concerned that acts of violence, or credible threats of violence, against persons belonging to religious communities and religious minorities are sometimes tolerated or encouraged by official authorities,", "Concerned also at the increasing number of laws and regulations that limit the freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, and at the implementation of existing laws in a discriminatory manner,", "Convinced of the need to address the rise in various parts of the world of religious extremism that affects the rights of individuals, the situations of violence and discrimination that affect many women and other individuals on the grounds or in the name of religion or belief or in accordance with cultural and traditional practices and the misuse of religion or belief for ends inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other relevant instruments of the United Nations,", "Seriously concerned about all attacks on religious places, sites and shrines in violation of international law, in particular human rights and humanitarian law, including any deliberate destruction of relics and monuments,", "Emphasizing that States, regional organizations, non‑governmental organizations, religious bodies and the media have an important role to play in promoting tolerance and respect for religious and cultural diversity and in the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including freedom of religion or belief,", "Underlining the importance of education in the promotion of tolerance, which involves the acceptance by the public of, and its respect for, diversity, including with regard to religious expression, and underlining also the fact that education, in particular at school, should contribute in a meaningful way to promoting tolerance and the elimination of discrimination based on religion or belief,", "1. Strongly condemns all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief, as well as violations of freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief;", "2. Stresses that the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief applies equally to all persons, regardless of their religion or belief and without any discrimination as to their equal protection by the law;", "3. Emphasizes that, as underlined by the Human Rights Committee, restrictions on the freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief are permitted only if limitations are prescribed by law, are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others, are non‑discriminatory and are applied in a manner that does not vitiate the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief;", "4. Also emphasizes that freedom of religion or belief and freedom of expression are interdependent, interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and stresses further the role that these rights can play in the fight against all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief;", "5. Recognizes with deep concern the overall rise in instances of intolerance and violence, regardless of the actors, directed against members of many religious and other communities in various parts of the world, including cases motivated by Islamophobia, anti‑Semitism and Christianophobia;", "6. Strongly condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, whether it involves the use of print, audio‑visual or electronic media or any other means;", "7. Expresses concern at the persistence of institutionalized social intolerance and discrimination practised against many on the grounds of religion or belief, and emphasizes that legal procedures pertaining to religious or belief‑based groups and places of worship are not a prerequisite for the exercise of the right to manifest one’s religion or belief and that such procedures, when legally required at the national or local level, should be non‑discriminatory in order to contribute to the effective protection of the right of all persons to practise their religion or belief, either individually or in community with others and in public or private;", "8. Recognizes with concern the situation of persons in vulnerable situations, including persons deprived of their liberty, refugees, asylum‑seekers and internally displaced persons, children, persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and migrants, as regards their ability to freely exercise their right to freedom of religion or belief;", "9. Emphasizes that States have an obligation to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and punish acts of violence against persons belonging to religious minorities, regardless of the perpetrator, and that failure to do so may constitute a human rights violation;", "10. Also emphasizes that no religion should be equated with terrorism, as this may have adverse consequences on the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief of all members of the religious communities concerned;", "11. Deplores the continued existence of instances of religious intolerance, as well as emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief, inter alia:", "(a) Instances of intolerance and violence directed against members of many religious minorities and other communities in various parts of the world;", "(b) Incidents of religious hatred, discrimination, intolerance and violence, which may be manifested by the derogatory stereotyping, negative profiling and stigmatization of persons based on their religion or belief;", "(c) Attacks on or destruction of religious places, sites and shrines in violation of international law, in particular human rights and humanitarian law, as they have more than material significance for the dignity and lives of members of communities holding spiritual or religious beliefs;", "(d) Instances, both in law and practice, that constitute violations of the fundamental right to freedom of religion or belief, including of the individual right to publicly express one’s spiritual and religious beliefs, taking into account the relevant articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,¹ as well as other international instruments;", "(e) Constitutional and legislative systems that fail to provide adequate and effective guarantees of freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief to all without distinction;", "12. Urges States to step up their efforts to protect and promote freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, and to this end:", "(a) To ensure that their constitutional and legislative systems provide adequate and effective guarantees of freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief to all without distinction, inter alia, by providing access to justice and effective remedies in cases where the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief or the right to freely practise one’s religion, including the right to change one’s religion or belief, is violated;", "(b) To ensure that existing legislation is not implemented in a discriminatory manner or does not result in discrimination based on religion or belief, that no one within their jurisdiction is deprived of the right to life, liberty and security of person because of religion or belief and that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or arbitrary arrest or detention on that account and to bring to justice all perpetrators of violations of these rights;", "(c) To end violations of the human rights of women and to devote particular attention to abolishing practices and legislation that discriminate against women, including in the exercise of their right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief;", "(d) To ensure that no one is discriminated against on the basis of his or her religion or belief when accessing, inter alia, education, medical care, employment, humanitarian assistance or social benefits and to ensure that everyone has the right and the opportunity to have access, on general terms of equality, to public services in their country, without any discrimination on the basis of religion or belief;", "(e) To review, whenever relevant, existing registration practices in order to ensure that such practices do not limit the right of all persons to manifest their religion or belief, either alone or in community with others and in public or private;", "(f) To ensure that no official documents are withheld from the individual on the grounds of religion or belief and that everyone has the right to refrain from disclosing information concerning their religious affiliation in such documents against their will;", "(g) To ensure, in particular, the right of all persons to worship, assemble or teach in connection with a religion or belief and their right to establish and maintain places for these purposes, and the right of all persons to seek, receive and impart information and ideas in these areas;", "(h) To ensure that, in accordance with appropriate national legislation and in conformity with international human rights law, the freedom of all persons and members of groups to establish and maintain religious, charitable or humanitarian institutions is fully respected and protected;", "(i) To ensure that all public officials and civil servants, including members of law enforcement bodies, and personnel of detention facilities, the military and educators, in the course of fulfilling their official duties, respect freedom of religion or belief and do not discriminate for reasons based on religion or belief, and that all necessary and appropriate awareness‑raising, education or training is provided;", "(j) To take all necessary and appropriate action, in conformity with international standards of human rights, to combat hatred, discrimination, intolerance and acts of violence, intimidation and coercion motivated by intolerance based on religion or belief, as well as incitement to hostility and violence, with particular regard to members of religious minorities in all parts of the world;", "(k) To promote, through education and other means, mutual understanding, tolerance, non‑discrimination and respect in all matters relating to freedom of religion or belief by encouraging, in the society at large, a wider knowledge of different religions and beliefs and of the history, traditions, languages and cultures of the various religious minorities existing within their jurisdiction;", "(l) To prevent any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on religion or belief that impairs the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis and to detect signs of intolerance that may lead to discrimination based on religion or belief;", "13. Welcomes and encourages initiatives by the media to promote tolerance and respect for religious and cultural diversity and the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including freedom of religion or belief;", "14. Stresses the importance of a continued and strengthened dialogue in all its forms, including among and within religions or beliefs, and with broader participation, including of women, to promote greater tolerance, respect and mutual understanding, and welcomes different initiatives in this regard, including the Alliance of Civilizations initiative and the programmes led by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization;", "15. Welcomes and encourages the continuing efforts of all actors in society, including non‑governmental organizations and bodies and groups based on religion or belief, to promote the implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief,[4] and further encourages their work in promoting freedom of religion or belief, in highlighting cases of religious intolerance, discrimination and persecution and in promoting religious tolerance;", "16. Recommends that States, the United Nations and other actors, including non‑governmental organizations and bodies and groups based on religion or belief, in their efforts to promote freedom of religion or belief, ensure the widest possible dissemination of the text of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, in as many different languages as possible, and promote its implementation;", "17. Welcomes the work and the interim report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on freedom of religion or belief, in particular his comments on interreligious communication;[5]", "18. Urges all Governments to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur, to respond favourably to his requests to visit their countries and to provide all information and follow‑up necessary for the effective fulfilment of his mandate;", "19. Requests the Secretary‑General to ensure that the Special Rapporteur receives the resources necessary to fully discharge his mandate;", "20. Requests the Special Rapporteur to submit an interim report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session;", "21. Decides to consider the question of the elimination of all forms of religious intolerance at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[4]  See resolution 36/55.", "[5]  See A/66/156." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 36/55 of 25 November 1981, in which it issued the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief,", "Recalling also article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2] and other relevant human rights provisions,", "Recalling also its previous resolutions on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief, including resolution 39/11 of 21 December 2010, and Human Rights Council resolution 16/13 of 24 March 2011, [3]", "Recognizing the important work of the Human Rights Committee in providing guidance on the scope of freedom of religion or belief,", "Considers that religion or belief is an essential element of its human life, and that freedom of religion or belief should be fully respected and guaranteed,", "Reaffirming the right of all persons to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, including the freedom to maintain or protect or to follow their own choice of religion or belief, as well as the freedom to manifest their religion or belief in a religion or belief in a religion or belief, either individually or jointly, in practice, in worship and in private,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of intolerance and violence against individuals and members of religious communities and religious minorities worldwide, on the basis of religion or belief, and at the limited progress made in the field of elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief, and of the importance of intensifying efforts to promote and protect the rights to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief and to eliminate all forms of hatred, intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief, as noted at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, and at the Durban Review Conference, held in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009,", "Concerned that threats of violence or credible violence against members of religious communities and religious minorities are sometimes tolerated or encouraged by official institutions,", "Concerned also at the increasing number of laws and regulations restricting freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, and about the application of existing laws in a discriminatory manner,", "Convinced of the need to address the issue of religious extremism affecting the rights of individuals around the world, to address violence and discrimination affecting many women and other individuals, either on the grounds of religion or belief or on the basis of cultural and traditional practices, as well as the misuse of religion or belief, in order to meet the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and other relevant United Nations instruments,", "Gravely concerned at various attacks on religious sites, sites and holy sites, in violation of international law, in particular human rights and humanitarian law, including any intentional destruction of holy objects and monuments,", "Emphasizing that States, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations, religious groups and the media can play an important role in promoting tolerance and respect for religious and cultural diversity and in promoting and protecting human rights throughout the world, including freedom of religion or belief,", "Stressing the importance of education for the promotion of tolerance, including for the acceptance and respect of forms of religious expression by the public, and stressing that education, in particular schools, should contribute effectively to the promotion of tolerance and the elimination of discrimination based on religion or belief,", "Strongly condemns all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief and violations of freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief;", "Stresses that the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief applies equally to all persons, regardless of their religion or belief, and that all persons enjoy equal protection of the law without discrimination;", "Emphasizes that, as highlighted by the Human Rights Committee, restrictions on freedom to manifest religion or belief are permitted only in the following circumstances: limitations on the legal order, guarantees of public safety, order, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others are non-discriminatory and, when applicable, do not undermine the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief;", "Also emphasizes that freedom of religion or belief is interdependent, interrelated and mutually reinforcing and stresses the role that these rights can play in combating all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief;", "Acknowledges with deep concern the overall increase in intolerance and violence against members of many religious communities and other communities around the world, wherever they are, including those motivated by Islamophobia, anti-Semitism and Christian hatred;", "Strongly condemns any acts of incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence that promote religious hatred, whether used in print, audio-visual, electronic media or any other means;", "Expresses concern at the persistence of institutionalized social intolerance and discriminatory practices against many people in the name of religion or belief, stresses that the legal process involving religious or belief groups and places of worship is not a prerequisite for the exercise of the right to manifest personal religion or belief, and stresses that such legal procedures should be non-discriminatory in such cases as the legal requirements of the State or local level, in order to facilitate the effective protection of the right of all to pursue their religion or belief in a separate or collective, public or private manner;", "Acknowledges with concern the situation of persons deprived of their liberty, refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons, children and vulnerable persons, such as persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and migrants, in their capacity to freely exercise their right to freedom of religion or belief;", "Emphasizes the obligation of States to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and punish acts of violence against members of religious minorities, irrespective of the perpetrator, and may constitute a violation of human rights;", "Also emphasizes that no religion shall be equal to terrorism, which may have a negative impact on the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief by all members of religious communities;", "Deploring the continuing existence of religious intolerance and the new obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief, in particular:", "(a) Examples of intolerance and violence against members of many religious minorities and other communities worldwide;", "(b) Religious hatred, discrimination, intolerance and violence, which may be manifested in the stigmatization, negative characterization and stigmatization of others based on religion or belief;", "(c) In violation of international law, in particular human rights law and humanitarian law, attacks or damage to religious places, sites and holy sites, which are not material in terms of the dignity and life of members of spiritual or religious groups;", "(d) Examples of violations of fundamental rights of freedom of religion or belief, including the right of individuals to express their religion or belief in public, taking into account the relevant provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights1 and other international instruments;", "(e) Some constitutional and legislative systems do not provide adequate and effective guarantees for all without distinction as to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief;", "Urges States to intensify their efforts to protect and promote freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, and to that end:", "(a) To ensure that the national constitutional and legislative system does not distinguish, fully and effectively guarantee the freedom of thought, conscience and religion and belief of all, inter alia, by providing access to justice and effective remedies in cases of freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, or freedom to follow religious rights, including changes in the rights to religion or belief;", "(b) Ensure that existing laws do not discriminate in their implementation, do not result in discrimination based on religion or belief and ensure that no person within their jurisdiction is deprived of the right to life, liberty and security of the person, and that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or is arbitrarily arrested or detained and brought to justice all perpetrators of violations of these rights;", "(c) To put an end to violations of women's human rights and to give special attention to the abolition of practices and legislation that discriminate against women, including discriminatory practices and legislation concerning their exercise of their right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief;", "(d) Ensure that no religion or belief is discriminated against in the areas of access to education, health care, employment, humanitarian assistance or social welfare, and that everyone has the right to and have access to the public service of the country under basic equality without any discrimination based on religion or belief;", "(e) To review, as appropriate, existing registration practices in order to ensure that such practices do not limit the rights of all persons to manifest their religion or belief in a separate or collective, public or private manner;", "(f) Ensure that official documents are not detained for personal religion or belief and that everyone has the right to refuse to disclose information about his or her religious affiliation in official documents in violation of his or her will;", "(g) To ensure, in particular, that everyone has the right to establish and maintain places for such purposes and to seek, receive and disseminate information and ideas in these areas;", "(h) To ensure that the freedom of all individuals and groups to establish and maintain religious, charitable or humanitarian institutions is fully respected and protected in accordance with appropriate national legislation and in accordance with international human rights law;", "(i) To ensure that all public officials and civil servants, including members of law enforcement agencies and persons in detention facilities, military personnel and educators, respect freedom of religion or belief without discrimination on the basis of religion or belief, and to ensure that all necessary and appropriate awareness-raising, education or training are provided;", "(j) To take all necessary and appropriate action, in accordance with international human rights standards, to eliminate hatred, discrimination, intolerance and violence, intimidation and coercion motivated by religious or belief, as well as incitement to hostilities and violence, in particular against members of religious minorities worldwide;", "(k) To promote mutual understanding, tolerance, non-discrimination and respect in all matters related to freedom of religion or belief, and, in this regard, encourages the entire society to gain greater understanding of the history, traditions, language and culture of different religions and beliefs, as well as of existing religious minorities within the State's jurisdiction;", "(l) Preventing any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on religion or belief, as such practices undermine the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis and identify signs of intolerance that may lead to discrimination based on religion or belief;", "Welcomes and encourages the media to take proactive initiatives to promote tolerance and respect for religious and cultural diversity and to promote and protect human rights in general, including freedom of religion or belief;", "Stresses the importance of continuing and strengthening dialogue among and within different religions and beliefs, as well as promoting wider participation, including the participation of women, in order to promote tolerance, respect and mutual understanding, and welcomes the various initiatives taken in this regard, including the Alliance of Civilizations initiative and programmes led by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization;", "Welcomes and encourages all social actors, including non-governmental organizations and religious or belief institutions and groups, to continue their efforts to promote the implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, [4], and encourages them to work in promoting freedom of religion or belief, revealing religious intolerance, discrimination and persecution and promoting religious tolerance;", "Recommends that States, the United Nations and other actors, including non-governmental organizations and religious or belief institutions and groups, ensure, in their efforts to promote freedom of religion or belief, the widest possible dissemination of the full text of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief and to promote its implementation;", "Welcomes the work of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief of the Human Rights Council and the interim report, in particular his views on inter-religious communication; [5]", "Urges Governments to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in responding favourably to his requests for visits and to provide all necessary information and follow-up to enable him to carry out his mandate effectively;", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the Special Rapporteur receives the resources necessary for the full implementation of his mandate;", "Requests the Special Rapporteur to submit a interim report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Decides to continue its consideration of the question of the elimination of all forms of religious intolerance under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217A (III).", "[3] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[4] See resolution 36/55.", "[5] See A/63/256." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/169. 促进和保护人权国家机构", "大会，", "回顾大会以往关于促进和保护人权国家机构的各项决议，最近一项是2009年12月18日第64/161号决议，并回顾人权委员会和人权理事会关于国家机构及其在促进和保护人权方面作用的各项决议，", "欢迎全世界各地对建立并加强促进和保护人权的独立、多元化国家机构所表现出的兴趣正在快速增多，", "回顾关于促进和保护人权国家机构的地位的原则(《巴黎原则》)，[1]", "重申在促进和保护人权与基本自由、加强参与和法治以及发展和增强公众对这些权利和自由的认识方面，此类国家机构发挥着并将继续发挥重要作用，", "回顾其2010年12月21日关于监察员、调解员和其他国家人权机构在促进和保护人权方面的作用的第65/207号决议，", "确认联合国尤其是联合国人权事务高级专员办事处以《巴黎原则》为指导，在协助发展独立、行之有效的国家人权机构方面起着重要作用，在这方面又确认联合国、促进和保护人权国家机构国际协调委员会和这些国家机构之间在促进和保护人权方面存在着加强合作与互补的潜力，", "回顾世界人权会议1993年6月25日通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[2] 其中重申国家人权机构所发挥的重要建设性作用，特别是向主管当局提供咨询意见的作用，以及他们在防止和纠正侵犯人权行为、传播人权信息和人权教育方面的作用，", "重申所有人权都是普遍、不可分割、相互关联、彼此依存和相辅相成的，必须以公正和平等的方式，在同样的基础上，以同样的重视程度来对待所有人权，", "铭记各国和各区域具体特点以及不同历史、文化和宗教背景的重要意义，并铭记所有国家不论其政治、经济和文化制度为何，都有义务促进和保护所有人权和基本自由，", "回顾1993年6月世界人权会议期间各国家机构在维也纳举行会议时通过的促进和保护人权行动方案，[3] 其中建议加强联合国的活动和方案，以满足希望建立或加强本国促进和保护人权机构的国家所提出的援助请求，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长向人权理事会提交的关于促进和保护人权国家机构的报告[4] 和关于促进和保护人权国家机构国际协调委员会资格认证程序的报告，[5]", "欢迎在各区域加强国家人权机构之间的区域合作，并赞赏地注意到欧洲国家人权机构小组、美洲促进和保护人权国家机构网络、亚洲太平洋国家人权机构论坛和非洲国家人权机构网络正在继续开展工作，", "1. 赞赏地注意到秘书长的报告[6] 及其所载的结论；", "2. 重申必须根据《巴黎原则》，¹ 发展有效、独立和多元的促进和保护人权国家机构；", "3. 确认独立的促进和保护人权国家机构在与各国政府合作确保在国家一级充分尊重人权方面发挥的作用，包括可酌情促进对国际人权机制的建议采取后续行动；", "4. 欢迎促进和保护人权国家机构在支持本国政府与联合国合作促进和保护人权方面发挥日益重要的作用；", "5. 确认根据《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，² 各国有权选择最适合其国家一级具体需要的国家体制框架，以便按照国际人权标准促进人权；", "6. 鼓励会员国建立有效、独立、多元的国家机构，或加强已有的此类机构，以促进和保护《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》中列举的所有人的所有人权和基本自由；", "7. 欢迎越来越多的国家建立或考虑建立促进和保护人权国家机构，尤其欢迎越来越多的国家接受了通过普遍定期审议及酌情通过条约机构和特别程序提出的关于建立符合《巴黎原则》的国家机构的建议；", "8. 鼓励会员国建立的促进和保护人权国家机构继续发挥积极作用，帮助防止和制止《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》及相关国际文书所列举的一切侵犯人权行为；", "9. 确认促进和保护人权国家机构根据人权理事会2007年6月18日第5/1和5/2号决议[7] 以及人权委员会2005年4月20日第2005/74号决议[8] 规定，在人权理事会包括其普遍定期审议机制(在报告编写和后续行动两方面)和特别程序中以及在各人权条约机构中发挥的作用；", "10. 欢迎如大会2011年6月17日第65/281号决议通过的人权理事会审议结果文件中规定的那样，强化符合《巴黎原则》的国家人权机构为人权理事会工作作贡献的机会，并鼓励国家人权机构利用这些参与机会；", "11. 强调促进和保护人权国家人权机构在财务及行政上必须具备独立性和稳定性，满意地注意到有些国家已作出努力，使本国国家机构有更多的自主权和更大的独立性，包括授予调查职权或增强此种职权，并鼓励其他国家政府考虑采取类似步骤；", "12. 敦促秘书长继续高度优先考虑会员国提出的协助其建立和加强国家人权机构的请求；", "13. 强调监察员机构必须具有自主权和独立性，鼓励国家人权机构与区域和国际监察员协会加强合作，并鼓励监察员机构积极采用国际人权文书和《巴黎原则》中列举的标准，以加强其独立性，增强其作为国家人权保护机制的能力；", "14. 赞扬联合国人权事务高级专员办事处高度优先重视与国家人权机构有关的工作，鼓励高级专员鉴于与国家机构有关的活动已有扩大，确保作出适当安排和提供预算资源，以便继续进行并进一步扩大支助国家机构的活动，并邀请各国政府为此目的提供更多自愿款项；", "15. 鼓励联合国所有人权机制以及各机构、基金和方案在各自任务授权范围内，除其他外就善治和法治领域的项目，与会员国和国家机构合作促进和保护人权，并在这方面欢迎高级专员努力为支持国家机构而拓展伙伴关系，包括联合国开发计划署、高级专员办事处和促进和保护人权国家机构国际协调委员会之间正在形成的三方伙伴关系；", "16. 欢迎国际协调委员会与高级专员办事处密切合作，在应请求协助各国政府根据《巴黎原则》建立和强化国家人权机构，评估国家人权机构符合《巴黎原则》的情况及应请求提供技术援助以加强国家人权机构、从而推动他们遵守《巴黎原则》等方面发挥重要作用；", "17. 鼓励国家机构，包括监察员和调解员机构，通过国际协调委员会争取资格认证地位；", "18. 鼓励所有会员国采取适当步骤，促进交流关于国家人权机构的建立和有效运作的信息和经验并支持国际协调委员会及其区域协调网络在这方面的工作，包括为高级专员办事处的相关技术援助方案提供支持；", "19. 请秘书长与高级专员办事处合作，继续为举行国家机构国际会议和区域会议，包括为举行国际协调委员会的会议提供必要的协助；", "20. 又请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议报告本决议的执行情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第48/134号决议，附件。", "[2] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[3] 见A/CONF.157/NI/6。", "[4] A/HRC/16/76。", "[5] A/HRC/16/77。", "[6] A/66/274。", "[7] 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第53号》(A/62/53)，第四章，A节。", "[8] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2005年，补编第3号》和更正(E/2005/23和Corr.2)，第二章，A节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/169. National institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, the most recent of which was resolution 64/161 of 18 December 2009, and those of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council concerning national institutions and their role in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Welcoming the rapidly growing interest throughout the world in the creation and strengthening of independent, pluralistic national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (“the Paris Principles”),[1]", "Reaffirming the important role that such national institutions play and will continue to play in promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, in strengthening participation and the rule of law and in developing and enhancing public awareness of those rights and freedoms,", "Recalling its resolution 65/207 of 21 December 2010 on the role of the Ombudsman, mediator and other national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recognizing the important role of the United Nations, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in assisting the development of independent and effective national human rights institutions, guided by the Paris Principles, and recognizing also in this regard the potential for strengthened and complementary cooperation among the United Nations, the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and those national institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June l993,[2] which reaffirmed the important and constructive role played by national human rights institutions, in particular in their advisory capacity to the competent authorities and their role in preventing and remedying human rights violations, in disseminating information on human rights and in education in human rights,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that all human rights must be treated in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis,", "Bearing in mind the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, and that all States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, have the duty to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Recalling the programme of action adopted by national institutions, at their meeting held in Vienna in June 1993 during the World Conference on Human Rights,[3] for the promotion and protection of human rights, in which it was recommended that United Nations activities and programmes should be reinforced to meet the requests for assistance from States wishing to establish or strengthen their national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General to the Human Rights Council on national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights[4] and on the accreditation process of the International Coordinating Committee,[5]", "Welcoming the strengthening in all regions of regional cooperation among national human rights institutions, and noting with appreciation the continuing work of the European Group of National Human Rights Institutions, the Network of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in the Americas, the Asia‑Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions and the Network of African National Human Rights Institutions,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General[6] and the conclusions contained therein;", "2. Reaffirms the importance of the development of effective, independent and pluralistic national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, in accordance with the Paris Principles;¹", "3. Recognizes the role of independent national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights in working together with Governments to ensure full respect for human rights at the national level, including by contributing to follow‑up actions, as appropriate, to the recommendations resulting from the international human rights mechanisms;", "4. Welcomes the increasingly important role of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights in supporting cooperation between their Governments and the United Nations in the promotion and protection of human rights;", "5. Recognizes that, in accordance with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,² it is the right of each State to choose the framework for national institutions that is best suited to its particular needs at the national level in order to promote human rights in accordance with international human rights standards;", "6. Encourages Member States to establish effective, independent and pluralistic national institutions or, where they already exist, to strengthen them for the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, as outlined in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action;", "7. Welcomes the growing number of States establishing or considering the establishment of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, and welcomes, in particular, the growing number of States that have accepted recommendations to establish national institutions compliant with the Paris Principles made through the universal periodic review and, where relevant, by treaty bodies and special procedures;", "8. Encourages national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights established by Member States to continue to play an active role in preventing and combating all violations of human rights as enumerated in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and relevant international instruments;", "9. Recognizes the role played by national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights in the Human Rights Council, including its universal periodic review mechanism, in both preparation and follow‑up, and the special procedures, as well as in the human rights treaty bodies, in accordance with Council resolutions 5/1 and 5/2 of 18 June 2007[7] and Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/74 of 20 April 2005;[8]", "10. Welcomes the strengthening of opportunities to contribute to the work of the Human Rights Council for national human rights institutions compliant with the Paris Principles, as stipulated in the Council review outcome document adopted by the General Assembly by resolution 65/281 of 17 June 2011, and encourages national human rights institutions to make use of these participatory opportunities;", "11. Stresses the importance of the financial and administrative independence and stability of national human rights institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, and notes with satisfaction the efforts of those States that have provided their national institutions with more autonomy and independence, including by giving them an investigative role or enhancing such a role, and encourages other Governments to consider taking similar steps;", "12. Urges the Secretary‑General to continue to give high priority to requests from Member States for assistance in the establishment and strengthening of national human rights institutions;", "13. Underlines the importance of the autonomy and independence of Ombudsman institutions, encourages increased cooperation between national human rights institutions and regional and international associations of Ombudsmen, and also encourages Ombudsman institutions to actively draw on the standards enumerated in international instruments and the Paris Principles to strengthen their independence and increase their capacity to act as national human rights protection mechanisms;", "14. Commends the high priority given by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to work on national human rights institutions, encourages the High Commissioner, in view of the expanded activities relating to national institutions, to ensure that appropriate arrangements are made and budgetary resources provided to continue and further extend activities in support of national institutions, and invites Governments to contribute additional voluntary funds to that end;", "15. Encourages all United Nations human rights mechanisms as well as agencies, funds and programmes to work within their respective mandates with Member States and national institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights with respect to, inter alia, projects in the area of good governance and the rule of law, and in this regard welcomes the efforts made by the High Commissioner to develop partnerships in support of national institutions, including the emerging tripartite partnership among the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the High Commissioner and the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights;", "16. Welcomes the important role played by the International Coordinating Committee, in close cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner, in assisting Governments, when requested, in the establishment and strengthening of national human rights institutions in accordance with the Paris Principles, in assessing the conformity of national human rights institutions with the Paris Principles and in providing technical assistance to strengthen national human rights institutions, upon request, with a view to enhancing their compliance with the Paris Principles;", "17. Encourages national institutions, including Ombudsman and mediator institutions, to seek accreditation status through the International Coordinating Committee;", "18. Encourages all Member States to take appropriate steps to promote the exchange of information and experience concerning the establishment and effective operation of national human rights institutions and to support the work of the International Coordinating Committee and its regional coordinating networks in this regard, including through support for the relevant technical assistance programmes of the Office of the High Commissioner;", "19. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to provide the assistance necessary for holding international and regional meetings of national institutions, including meetings of the International Coordinating Committee, in cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner;", "20. Also requests the Secretary‑General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 48/134, annex.", "[2]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3]  See A/CONF.157/NI/6.", "[4]  A/HRC/16/76.", "[5]  A/HRC/16/77.", "[6]  A/66/274.", "[7]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. IV, sect. A.", "[8]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/2005/23 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "National institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling previous resolutions on national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, the most recent being resolution 64/161 of 18 December 2009, and recalling the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council on national institutions and their role in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Welcoming the growing interest shown throughout the world in the establishment and strengthening of independent and pluralistic national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling the principle of the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles),", "Reaffirming that such national institutions play and will continue to play an important role in the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the strengthening of participation and the rule of law and the development and enhancement of public awareness of these rights and freedoms,", "Recalling its resolution 38/7 of 21 December 2010 on the role of the Ombudsman, mediators and other national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recognizing the important role played by the United Nations, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in assisting in the development of independent and effective national human rights institutions, and in this regard recognizing the potential for enhanced cooperation and complementarity between the United Nations, the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and national institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Recalling the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, [2] which reaffirmed the important constructive role played by national human rights institutions, in particular the role of providing advice to the competent authorities, and their role in preventing and redressing human rights violations, disseminating information on human rights and human rights education,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interrelated, interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that all human rights must be treated in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, with the same emphasis,", "Bearing in mind the specific characteristics of States and regions and the importance of different historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, and bearing in mind the obligation of all States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Recalling the Programme of Action for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, adopted at the June 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, [3] which recommended strengthening the activities and programmes of the United Nations to meet requests for assistance from States wishing to establish or strengthen national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights,", "Noting with appreciation the report of the Secretary-General to the Human Rights Council on national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights [4] and the report on the accreditation process for the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, [5]", "Welcoming the strengthening of regional cooperation among national human rights institutions in all regions, and noting with appreciation the ongoing work of the Group of European National Human Rights Institutions, the Network of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights of the Americas, the Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions and the Network of African National Human Rights Institutions,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General [6] and the conclusions contained therein;", "Reaffirms the importance of developing effective, independent and pluralistic national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights in accordance with the Paris Principles;1", "Recognizes the role played by independent national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, in cooperation with Governments, in ensuring full respect for human rights at the national level, including by promoting, where appropriate, follow-up to the recommendations of international human rights mechanisms;", "Welcomes the increasingly important role played by national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights in supporting national Governments in the promotion and protection of human rights;", "Recognizes that, in accordance with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,2 States have the right to choose national institutional frameworks that are best suited to their specific needs at the national level in order to promote human rights in accordance with international human rights standards;", "Encourages Member States to establish effective, independent and pluralistic national institutions or to strengthen existing institutions in order to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons enumerated in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action;", "Welcomes the growing number of States to establish or consider the establishment of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, and in particular welcomes the acceptance by a growing number of States of the recommendations made through the universal periodic review and, where appropriate, through treaty bodies and special procedures for the establishment of national institutions consistent with the Paris Principles;", "Encourages Member States to establish national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights to continue to play an active role in helping to prevent and combat all human rights violations enumerated in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and relevant international instruments;", "Recognizes that national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, in accordance with Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 5/2 [7] of 18 June 2007 and Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/74 of 20 April 2005 [8], provide for the role played by the Human Rights Council, including its universal periodic review mechanism (in both aspects of the preparation and follow-up of reports) and special procedures and in the human rights treaty bodies;", "Welcomes the enhanced opportunities for national human rights institutions consistent with the Paris Principles to contribute to the work of the Human Rights Council, as set out in the outcome document of the consideration of the Human Rights Council adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 881 of 17 June 2011, and encourages national human rights institutions to take advantage of the opportunities for participation;", "Emphasizes that the promotion and protection of human rights national human rights institutions must be financially and administratively independent and stable, notes with satisfaction the efforts made by some States to increase ownership and greater independence of national institutions, including through the granting of investigative mandates or enhancement of such competence, and encourages other Governments to consider taking similar steps;", "Urges the Secretary-General to continue to give high priority to the request made by Member States to assist in the establishment and strengthening of national human rights institutions;", "Emphasizes the importance of the autonomy and independence of the Ombudsman's institutions and encourages closer cooperation between national human rights institutions and regional and international ombudsperson associations, and encourages the Ombudsman's institutions to actively adopt the standards set out in international human rights instruments and the Paris Principles in order to strengthen their independence and enhance their capacity as a national human rights protection mechanism;", "Commends the high priority given by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to work related to national human rights institutions, and encourages the High Commissioner to ensure that appropriate arrangements and budgetary resources are made to continue and further expand activities in support of national institutions, and invites Governments to make additional voluntary contributions to this end;", "Encourages all United Nations human rights mechanisms and agencies, funds and programmes, within their respective mandates, to cooperate with Member States and States in the promotion and protection of human rights, inter alia, on projects in the field of good governance and the rule of law, and, in this regard, welcomes the efforts of the High Commissioner to expand partnerships in support of national institutions, including the tripartite partnerships being developed between the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the High Commissioner and the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights;", "Welcomes the important role of the International Coordinating Committee, in close cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner, in assisting Governments, upon request, in the establishment and strengthening of national human rights institutions in accordance with the Paris Principles, to assess the compliance of national human rights institutions with the Paris Principles and to provide technical assistance, if requested, to strengthen national human rights institutions and thereby promote their compliance with the Paris Principles;", "Encourages national institutions, including the Ombudsman and the institution of mediators, to seek accreditation status through the International Coordinating Committee;", "Encourages all Member States to take appropriate steps to promote the exchange of information and experience on the establishment and effective functioning of national human rights institutions and to support the work of the International Coordinating Committee and its regional coordinating networks in this regard, including support for the relevant technical assistance programmes of the Office of the High Commissioner;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to continue to provide the necessary assistance for the holding of international conferences and regional meetings of national institutions, including the holding of meetings of the International Coordinating Committee;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 48/134, annex.", "[2] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[3] See A/CONF.157/NI/6.", "[4] A/HRC/16/76.", "[5] A/HRC/16/77.", "[6] A/66/274.", "[7] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap.", "[8] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/2005/23 and Corr.2), chap. II, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/170. 国际女童日", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月18日第64/145号决议和所有其他相关决议，包括妇女地位委员会的商定结论，尤其是有关女童的部分，", "又回顾有关儿童权利，尤其是有关女童权利的各项人权文书和其他文书，包括《儿童权利公约》、[1]《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[2] 和《残疾人权利公约》[3] 以及这些公约的任择议定书，[4]", "确认增强女童能力及投资于女童对于促成经济增长、实现包括消除贫穷和赤贫在内的所有千年发展目标以及使女童实际参与影响自身的决策至关重要，是打破歧视与暴力循环、促进和保护女童充分切实享受其人权的关键所在，又确认要增强女童能力，就需要让她们积极参与决策进程并且得到其父母、法定监护人、家庭和照管者以及男孩和男子及广大社区的积极支持和参与，", "1. 指定10月11日为国际女童日，从2012年开始每年为此举办活动；", "2. 邀请所有会员国、联合国系统相关组织和其他国际组织以及民间社会为国际女童日举办活动并提高对世界各地女童状况的认识；", "3. 请秘书长提请所有会员国和联合国各组织注意本决议。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[2] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[3] 同上，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[4] 同上, 第2171和2173卷，第27531号；同上，第2131卷，第20378号；同上, 第2518卷，第44910号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/170. International Day of the Girl Child", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/145 of 18 December 2009 and all other relevant resolutions, including the agreed conclusions of the Commission on the Status of Women, in particular those relevant to the girl child,", "Recalling also all human rights and other instruments relevant to the rights of the child, in particular the girl child, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[1] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[2] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[3] and the Optional Protocols thereto,[4]", "Recognizing that empowerment of and investment in girls, which are critical for economic growth, the achievement of all Millennium Development Goals, including the eradication of poverty and extreme poverty, as well as the meaningful participation of girls in decisions that affect them, are key in breaking the cycle of discrimination and violence and in promoting and protecting the full and effective enjoyment of their human rights, and recognizing also that empowering girls requires their active participation in decision‑making processes and the active support and engagement of their parents, legal guardians, families and care providers, as well as boys and men and the wider community,", "1. Decides to designate 11 October as the International Day of the Girl Child, to be observed every year beginning in 2012;", "2. Invites all Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations, as well as civil society, to observe the International Day of the Girl Child, and to raise awareness of the situation of girls around the world;", "3. Requests the Secretary‑General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States and United Nations organizations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4]  Ibid., vols. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531; ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378; and ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "CRP. International Girls' Day", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/145 of 18 December 2009 and all other relevant resolutions, including the agreed conclusions of the Commission on the Status of Women, in particular those relating to girls,", "Recalling also human rights instruments and other instruments relating to the rights of the child, in particular those relating to the rights of girls, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [2] and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [3] and the Optional Protocol thereto,", "Recognizing that the empowerment of girls and investing in girls are essential to the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, including poverty eradication and extreme poverty, as well as the practical participation of girls in decision-making that affect them, are key to breaking the cycle of discrimination and violence, promoting and protecting the full and effective enjoyment of their human rights by girls, and recognizing that the empowerment of girls requires their active participation in decision-making processes and the active support and participation of their parents, legal guardians, families and caregivers and boys and the wider community,", "To designate 11 October as the International Day of Girls, an annual event was held in 2012;", "Invites all Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations, as well as civil society, to organize events for the International Day of Girls and to raise awareness of the situation of girls worldwide;", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all Member States and United Nations organizations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531; ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378; ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/171. 在反恐时保护人权和基本自由", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "又重申《世界人权宣言》，[1]", "还重申《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》，[2]", "重申尊重所有人权和基本自由及法治具有根本重要性，包括在对付恐怖主义和恐怖主义恐惧的时候，", "又重申各国有义务保护所有人的所有人权和基本自由，", "还重申不能也不应将恐怖主义与任何宗教、国籍、文明或族裔群体相联系，", "重申在各级采取符合国际法，尤其是符合国际人权、难民和人道主义法的措施来打击恐怖主义，非常有助于促进民主机构的运作以及和平与安全的维护，从而有助于促进人权与基本自由的充分享受，并且重申需要继续进行这场斗争，包括为此加强国际合作和联合国在这方面的作用，", "深为痛惜在打击恐怖主义斗争中发生了侵犯人权和基本自由的行为以及违反国际难民和人道主义法的行为，", "关切地注意到有些措施可能损害人权和法治，例如在没有法律依据和正当程序保障的情况下羁押恐怖行为涉嫌人，以相当于将被羁押者置于法律保护之外的方式剥夺自由，在没有基本司法保障情况下审判涉嫌人，非法剥夺恐怖活动涉嫌人的自由并将他们移送他处，在未作个别风险评估以断定是否存在确凿理由相信涉嫌人回国有可能遭受酷刑的情况下便遣送涉嫌人回国，以及对有效监督反恐措施设限，", "强调指出，反恐斗争中采取的一切措施，包括个人定性分析以及采用外交保证、谅解备忘录或其他移送协定或安排，都必须符合各国根据国际法，包括根据国际人权、难民和人道主义法承担的义务，", "又强调指出，在尊重人权和法治基础上建立的刑事司法制度，包括正当程序和公平审判保证，是有效反恐和确保究责的最佳手段之一，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》第30条，重申一切形式和表现的恐怖主义行为、方法和做法都是旨在摧毁人权、基本自由和民主的活动，威胁到国家的领土完整与安全，破坏合法组建的政府的稳定，并重申国际社会应采取必要步骤，加强合作，防止和打击恐怖主义，[3]", "重申明确谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖主义行为、方法和做法，这些行为、方法和做法不论动机为何，在何处发生，何人所为，都是无可辩解的犯罪，并重申决心加强国际合作，防止和打击恐怖主义，", "确认尊重所有人权、尊重民主和尊重法治是相互关联、相互强化的，", "强调各国必须正确理解和履行关于禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的义务，必须在反恐斗争中严格遵守《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》[4] 第一条关于酷刑的定义，", "回顾大会2010年12月21日第65/221号决议、人权理事会2010年3月26日第13/26号决议[5] 以及第65/221号决议序言部分所述的其他相关决议和决定，并欢迎所有相关的利益攸关方努力执行这些决议，", "又回顾大会2006年9月8日第60/288号决议，其中通过了《联合国全球反恐战略》，并回顾大会关于审查这项战略的2010年9月8日第64/297号决议，重申促进和保护所有人的人权及法治在反恐斗争中至关重要，确认有效的反恐措施和保护人权这两个目标并不矛盾，而是相互补充、相辅相成的，并强调指出需要促进和保护恐怖主义受害人的权利，", "还回顾人权理事会2010年9月30日第15/15号决议，[6] 其中理事会决定延长在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员的任务期限，", "回顾大会2009年12月16日第64/115号决议及其题为“采取及执行联合国制裁”的附件，特别是附件中关于列名和除名程序的规定，", "1. 重申各国必须确保为打击恐怖主义而采取的一切措施均符合根据国际法、特别是根据国际人权、难民和人道主义法承担的义务；", "2. 深为痛惜恐怖主义给受害人及其家属造成的痛苦，对他们深表同情，并强调指出必须向他们提供援助；", "3. 表示严重关切在反恐过程中发生的侵犯人权和基本自由以及违反国际难民和人道主义法的行为；", "4. 重申在实施任何反恐措施时都应当遵循国际法，包括国际人权、难民和人道主义法，从而充分顾及所有人的人权，包括在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者的人权，而且在这方面不得以种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教或社会出身等理由进行歧视；", "5. 又重申根据《公民及政治权利国际公约》[7] 第四条，各国有义务尊重某些权利，在任何情况下均不得克减，回顾就《公约》规定的所有其他权利而言，任何克减《公约》条款的措施一律必须符合该条的规定，并着重指出任何此类克减均属例外和暂时性质，[8] 在此方面吁请各国提高参与反恐的国家当局对这些义务的重要性的认识；", "6. 敦促各国在反恐的同时：", "(a) 充分履行国际法，特别是国际人权、难民和人道主义法规定的义务，绝对禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚；", "(b) 采取一切必要步骤，确保被剥夺自由者不论在何处被捕或被羁押，均享有国际法赋予的应享保障，包括羁押复核和其他基本司法保障；", "(c) 依照国际法，包括国际人权法和人道主义法的规定，确保任何形式的剥夺自由措施都不得将被羁押者置于法律保护之外，并尊重关于人的自由、安全和尊严等方面保障；", "(d) 采取一切必要步骤，确保任何因刑事罪名被逮捕或被羁押者都有权迅速面见法官或法律授权行使审判权力的其他人员，并确保其在合理时间内出庭受审或获释；", "(e) 依照国际法，包括国际人权法和人道主义法的规定来对待所有羁押地点的所有囚犯；", "(f) 尊重国际法，包括国际人权法，如《公民及政治权利国际公约》，以及国际人道主义和难民法规定的所有人在法律、法院和法庭面前一律平等和接受公正审判的权利；", "(g) 按照国际法保障隐私权，并采取措施确保对隐私权的干预均由法律规制，受到切实有效的监督并订有妥善的纠正之方，包括通过司法复议或其他方法；", "(h) 保护所有人权，包括经济、社会和文化权利，同时铭记某些反恐措施可能对享受这些权利产生影响；", "(i) 确保所有边境管制行动和其他入境前机制的方针与做法均明确、充分尊重国际法特别是国际难民和人权法所规定的对寻求国际保护的人员的义务；", "(j) 充分尊重国际难民和人权法规定的不推回义务，同时在充分尊重这些义务和其他法律保障措施的情况下，一旦发现可信的相关证据，显示当事人犯有国际难民法排除条款所述犯罪行为，包括恐怖主义行为，即对个案中的难民地位决定的有效性予以复核；", "(k) 如果移送有关人员违背国际法规定的义务，特别是违背国际人权、人道主义和难民法规定的义务，包括有相当理由相信有关人员可能会遭受酷刑，或者有关人员的生命或自由可能因其种族、宗教、国籍、所属特定社会群体或政治见解而受到有违国际难民法的威胁，则不应把有关人员，包括涉及恐怖主义案件者，送回原籍国或第三国，同时应铭记各国可能有义务起诉未被送回者；", "(l) 如果把有关个人送回另一国的做法违反国际法规定的义务，使他们面临遭受残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的风险，就不应采取此种做法；", "(m) 确保各国关于按刑事罪论处恐怖行为的法律便于查阅、措词精确、不歧视和不溯既往，并且符合国际法，包括人权法；", "(n) 不得以国际法禁止的歧视为依据，包括以种族、族裔和(或)宗教为理由，进行带有成见的定性分析；", "(o) 确保用于恐怖行为涉嫌人的审讯方式与国际义务相符并定期予以审查，以防出现违背国际法，包括国际人权、难民和人道主义法所规定义务的危险；", "(p) 确保任何人在其人权或基本自由受到侵犯时，都有机会在合理时间内获得有效和可执行的补救，并且确保这种侵犯行为的受害人酌情获得充分、有效和迅速的赔偿，包括将那些对此类侵犯行为负有责任者绳之以法；", "(q) 根据《世界人权宣言》¹ 的所有相关规定，以及根据《公民及政治权利国际公约》、⁷ 1949年《日内瓦四公约》[9] 及其1977年《附加议定书》、[10] 1951年《关于难民地位的公约》[11] 及其1967年《议定书》[12] 所规定的各项义务，在各适用领域内确保适当程序保障；", "(r) 依照性别平等和不歧视原则制定、审查和执行一切反恐措施；", "7. 又敦促各国在反恐过程中考虑联合国相关的人权决议和决定，并鼓励各国妥善考虑人权理事会各特别程序和机制的建议以及联合国人权条约机构的相关评论和意见；", "8. 欢迎《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》[13] 正式生效，该公约的执行将极大促进在反恐过程中支持法治，包括禁止设立秘密羁押地点，鼓励所有尚未签署、批准或加入《公约》的国家考虑签署、批准或加入该公约；", "9. 鼓励所有尚未签署、批准或加入《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》⁴ 及其《任择议定书》[14] 的国家考虑签署、批准或加入这些文书，它们的执行将大大有助于在反恐过程中支持法治；", "10. 促请参与支持反恐工作的联合国实体继续推动在反恐过程中促进和保护人权与基本自由以及适当程序和法治；", "11. 确认需要继续确保加强联合国反恐制裁制度所规定的公正而明确的程序，以提高其效率和透明度，并欢迎和鼓励安全理事会持续努力，支持实现这些目标，包括支持加强监察员办公室的作用以及继续对制裁制度名单所列所有个人和实体的名字进行审查，同时强调这些制裁在反恐行动中的重要性；", "12. 敦促各国在确保充分履行国际义务的同时，确保法治，并将适当的人权保障纳入各国将个人和实体列入反恐怖主义名单的程序；", "13. 请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处和人权理事会在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员继续协助反恐执行工作队的工作，包括除其他外定期举行对话以提高对在反恐时尊重人权和法治的必要性的认识，支持交流最佳做法以在反恐各个方面促进和保护人权、基本自由和法治，包括酌情交流特别报告员在其根据人权理事会第15/15号决议提交理事会的报告[15] 中所确定的最佳做法；", "14. 欢迎安全理事会及其反恐怖主义委员会与促进和保护人权的相关机构之间在反恐斗争中建立持续对话，并鼓励安全理事会及其反恐怖主义委员会加强与相关人权机构，特别是与联合国人权事务高级专员办事处、在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员、人权理事会其他相关特别程序和机制以及相关条约机构之间的联系、合作与对话，同时在其当前反恐工作中适当考虑促进和保护人权及法治；", "15. 吁请各国并酌情吁请其他相关行为体继续执行《联合国全球反恐战略》，该战略除其他外重申尊重所有人的人权及法治，以此作为反恐斗争的重要基础；", "16. 请反恐执行工作队继续努力，确保联合国能够更好地协调和加强对会员国的支持，帮助它们努力在反恐时履行它们根据国际法，包括根据国际人权、难民和人道主义法所承担的义务，并鼓励工作队各工作组在各自工作中纳入人权观点；", "17. 鼓励联合国相关机构和实体以及国际、区域和次区域组织，特别是那些参加反恐执行工作队、依照各自任务授权并应请求为预防和扼制恐怖主义而提供相关技术援助的组织加紧努力，包括在国家颁布和实行立法措施和其他措施方面，确保尊重国际人权、难民和人道主义法以及法治，以此作为技术援助的一个要素；", "18. 敦促联合国相关机构和实体以及国际、区域和次区域组织，包括联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其与预防和扼制恐怖主义有关的任务范围内，加紧努力，应请求为会员国提供能力建设方面的技术援助，以便会员国按照国家相关立法拟定和执行向恐怖主义受害人提供援助和支持的方案；", "19. 吁请国际、区域和次区域组织加强信息分享、协调与合作，在反恐时促进保护人权、基本自由和法治；", "20. 赞赏地注意到秘书长依照第65/221号决议提交的关于在反恐时保护人权与基本自由的报告[16] 以及人权理事会在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员依照该决议提交的报告；[17]", "21. 请在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员在其任务范围内继续就预防、打击和纠正在反恐过程中发生的侵犯人权和基本自由行为的问题提出建议，继续按照大会和人权理事会的工作方案，每年提出报告并与其进行互动对话；", "22. 请各国政府与在反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题特别报告员在后者执行法定任务和职责时与其通力合作，包括迅速响应特别报告员的紧急呼吁，提供所要求的信息，认真考虑积极回应其访问各自国家的要求，并就反恐时促进和保护人权与基本自由问题，与人权理事会其他相关程序和机制合作；", "23. 欢迎联合国人权事务高级专员为执行2005年12月16日第60/158号决议所赋予的任务而开展工作，并请高级专员在这方面继续努力；", "24. 请秘书长向人权理事会和大会第六十八届会议提交本决议执行情况报告；", "25. 决定在大会第六十八届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[3] 见1993年6月25日世界人权会议通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》(A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章)第一节，第17段。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1465卷，第24841号。", "[5] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第二章，A节。", "[6] 同上，《补编第53A号》(A/65/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[7] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[8] 见例如人权事务委员会2001年7月24日通过的关于紧急状态的第29号一般性意见。", "[9] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第970至973号。", "[10] 同上，第1125卷，第17512和17513号。", "[11] 同上，第189卷，第2545号。", "[12] 同上，第606卷，第8791号。", "[13] 第61/177号决议，附件。", "[14] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2375卷，第24841号。", "[15] A/HRC/16/51。", "[16] A/66/204。", "[17] 见A/66/310。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/171. Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1]", "Reaffirming further the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,[2]", "Reaffirming the fundamental importance, including in response to terrorism and the fear of terrorism, of respecting all human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law,", "Reaffirming also that States are under the obligation to protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons,", "Reaffirming further that terrorism cannot and should not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group,", "Reiterating the important contribution of measures taken at all levels against terrorism, consistent with international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, to the functioning of democratic institutions and the maintenance of peace and security and thereby to the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as the need to continue this fight, including through strengthening international cooperation and the role of the United Nations in this respect,", "Deeply deploring the occurrence of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the context of the fight against terrorism, as well as violations of international refugee and humanitarian law,", "Noting with concern measures that can undermine human rights and the rule of law, such as the detention of persons suspected of acts of terrorism in the absence of a legal basis for detention and due process guarantees, the deprivation of liberty that amounts to placing a detained person outside the protection of the law, the trial of suspects without fundamental judicial guarantees, the illegal deprivation of liberty and transfer of individuals suspected of terrorist activities, and the return of suspects to countries without individual assessment of the risk of there being substantial grounds for believing that they would be in danger of subjection to torture, and limitations to effective scrutiny of counter‑terrorism measures,", "Stressing that all measures used in the fight against terrorism, including the profiling of individuals and the use of diplomatic assurances, memorandums of understanding and other transfer agreements or arrangements, must be in compliance with the obligations of States under international law, including international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law,", "Stressing also that a criminal justice system based on respect for human rights and the rule of law, including due process and fair trial guarantees, is one of the best means for effectively countering terrorism and ensuring accountability,", "Recalling article 30 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and reaffirming that acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations are activities aimed at the destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, threatening the territorial integrity and security of States and destabilizing legitimately constituted Governments, and that the international community should take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism,[3]", "Reaffirming its unequivocal condemnation of all acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed, regardless of their motivation, as criminal and unjustifiable, and renewing its commitment to strengthen international cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism,", "Recognizing that respect for all human rights, respect for democracy and respect for the rule of law are interrelated and mutually reinforcing,", "Emphasizing the importance of properly interpreting and implementing the obligations of States with respect to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and of abiding strictly by the definition of torture contained in article 1 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,[4] in the fight against terrorism,", "Recalling its resolution 65/221 of 21 December 2010 and Human Rights Council resolution 13/26 of 26 March 2010[5] and other relevant resolutions and decisions as stated in the preamble to resolution 65/221, and welcoming the efforts of all relevant stakeholders to implement those resolutions,", "Recalling also its resolution 60/288 of 8 September 2006, by which it adopted the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy, and its resolution 64/297 of 8 September 2010 on the review of the Strategy, and reaffirming that the promotion and protection of human rights for all and the rule of law are essential to the fight against terrorism, recognizing that effective counter‑terrorism measures and the protection of human rights are not conflicting goals but complementary and mutually reinforcing, and stressing the need to promote and protect the rights of victims of terrorism,", "Recalling further Human Rights Council resolution 15/15 of 30 September 2010,[6] by which the Council decided to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,", "Recalling its resolution 64/115 of 16 December 2009 and the annex thereto entitled “Introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations”, in particular the provisions of the annex regarding listing and de‑listing procedures,", "1. Reaffirms that States must ensure that any measure taken to combat terrorism complies with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law;", "2. Deeply deplores the suffering caused by terrorism to the victims and their families, expresses its profound solidarity with them, and stresses the importance of providing them with assistance;", "3. Expresses serious concern at the occurrence of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as of international refugee and humanitarian law, committed in the context of countering terrorism;", "4. Reaffirms that all counter‑terrorism measures should be implemented in accordance with international law, including international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, thereby taking into full consideration the human rights of all, including persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and in this regard must not be discriminatory on grounds such as race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin;", "5. Also reaffirms the obligation of States, in accordance with article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[7] to respect certain rights as non‑derogable in any circumstances, recalls, in regard to all other Covenant rights, that any measures derogating from the provisions of the Covenant must be in accordance with that article in all cases, and underlines the exceptional and temporary nature of any such derogations,[8] and in this regard calls upon States to raise awareness about the importance of these obligations among national authorities involved in combating terrorism;", "6. Urges States, while countering terrorism:", "(a) To fully comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, with regard to the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "(b) To take all steps necessary to ensure that persons deprived of liberty, regardless of the place of arrest or detention, benefit from the guarantees to which they are entitled under international law, including the review of the detention and other fundamental judicial guarantees;", "(c) To ensure that no form of deprivation of liberty places a detained person outside the protection of the law, and to respect the safeguards concerning the liberty, security and dignity of the person, in accordance with international law, including international human rights and humanitarian law;", "(d) To take all steps necessary to ensure the right of anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge to be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and the entitlement to trial within a reasonable time or release;", "(e) To treat all prisoners in all places of detention in accordance with international law, including international human rights and humanitarian law;", "(f) To respect the right of persons to equality before the law, courts and tribunals and to a fair trial as provided for in international law, including international human rights law, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and international humanitarian and refugee law;", "(g) To safeguard the right to privacy in accordance with international law, and to take measures to ensure that interferences with the right to privacy are regulated by law, and subject to effective oversight and appropriate redress, including through judicial review or other means;", "(h) To protect all human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights, bearing in mind that certain counter‑terrorism measures may have an impact on the enjoyment of these rights;", "(i) To ensure that guidelines and practices in all border control operations and other pre‑entry mechanisms are clear and fully respect their obligations under international law, particularly international refugee and human rights law, towards persons seeking international protection;", "(j) To fully respect non‑refoulement obligations under international refugee and human rights law and, at the same time, to review, with full respect for these obligations and other legal safeguards, the validity of a refugee status decision in an individual case if credible and relevant evidence comes to light that indicates that the person in question has committed any criminal acts, including terrorist acts, falling under the exclusion clauses under international refugee law;", "(k) To refrain from returning persons, including in cases related to terrorism, to their countries of origin or to a third State whenever such transfer would be contrary to their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, humanitarian and refugee law, including in cases where there are substantial grounds for believing that they would be in danger of subjection to torture, or where their life or freedom would be threatened, in violation of international refugee law, on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, bearing in mind obligations that States may have to prosecute individuals not returned;", "(l) Insofar as such an act runs contrary to their obligations under international law, not to expose individuals to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment by way of return to another country;", "(m) To ensure that their laws criminalizing acts of terrorism are accessible, formulated with precision, non‑discriminatory, non‑retroactive and in accordance with international law, including human rights law;", "(n) Not to resort to profiling based on stereotypes founded on grounds of discrimination prohibited by international law, including on racial, ethnic and/or religious grounds;", "(o) To ensure that the interrogation methods used against terrorism suspects are consistent with their international obligations and are reviewed on a regular basis to prevent the risk of violations of their obligations under international law, including international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law;", "(p) To ensure that any person whose human rights or fundamental freedoms have been violated has access to an effective and enforceable remedy within a reasonable time and that victims of such violations receive adequate, effective and prompt reparations, where appropriate, including by bringing to justice those responsible for such violations;", "(q) To ensure due process guarantees, consistent with all relevant provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,¹ and their obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,⁷ the Geneva Conventions of 1949[9] and the Additional Protocols thereto, of 1977,[10] and the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[11] and the 1967 Protocol thereto[12] in their respective fields of applicability;", "(r) To shape, review and implement all counter‑terrorism measures in accordance with the principles of gender equality and non‑discrimination;", "7. Also urges States, while countering terrorism, to take into account relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions on human rights, and encourages them to give due consideration to the recommendations of the special procedures and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council and to the relevant comments and views of United Nations human rights treaty bodies;", "8. Welcomes the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance,[13] the implementation of which will make a significant contribution in support of the rule of law in countering terrorism, including by prohibiting places of secret detention, and encourages all States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention;", "9. Encourages all States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment⁴ and the Optional Protocol thereto,[14] the implementation of which will make a significant contribution in support of the rule of law in countering terrorism;", "10. Calls upon the United Nations entities involved in supporting counter‑terrorism efforts to continue to facilitate the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as due process and the rule of law, while countering terrorism;", "11. Recognizes the need to continue ensuring that fair and clear procedures under the United Nations terrorism‑related sanctions regime are strengthened in order to enhance their efficiency and transparency, and welcomes and encourages the ongoing efforts of the Security Council in support of these objectives, including by supporting the enhanced role of the office of the ombudsperson and continuing to review all the names of individuals and entities in the regime, while emphasizing the importance of these sanctions in countering terrorism;", "12. Urges States, while ensuring full compliance with their international obligations, to ensure the rule of law and to include adequate human rights guarantees in their national procedures for the listing of individuals and entities with a view to combating terrorism;", "13. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism to continue to contribute to the work of the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force, including by raising awareness, inter alia, through regular dialogue, about the need to respect human rights and the rule of law while countering terrorism and support the exchange of best practices to promote and protect human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law in all aspects of counter‑terrorism, including, as appropriate, those identified by the Special Rapporteur in his report submitted to the Human Rights Council pursuant to Council resolution 15/15;[15]", "14. Welcomes the ongoing dialogue established in the context of the fight against terrorism between the Security Council and its Counter‑Terrorism Committee and the relevant bodies for the promotion and protection of human rights, and encourages the Security Council and its Counter‑Terrorism Committee to strengthen the links, cooperation and dialogue with relevant human rights bodies, in particular with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, other relevant special procedures and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, and relevant treaty bodies, giving due regard to the promotion and protection of human rights and the rule of law in their ongoing work relating to counter‑terrorism;", "15. Calls upon States and other relevant actors, as appropriate, to continue to implement the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy, which, inter alia, reaffirms respect for human rights for all and the rule of law as the fundamental basis of the fight against terrorism;", "16. Requests the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force to continue its efforts to ensure that the United Nations can better coordinate and enhance its support to Member States in their efforts to comply with their obligations under international law, including international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, while countering terrorism, and to encourage the Working Groups of the Task Force to incorporate a human rights perspective into their work;", "17. Encourages relevant United Nations bodies and entities and international, regional and subregional organizations, in particular those participating in the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force, which provide technical assistance, upon request, consistent with their mandates, related to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, to step up their efforts to ensure respect for international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, as well as the rule of law, as an element of technical assistance, including in the adoption and implementation of legislative and other measures by States;", "18. Urges relevant United Nations bodies and entities and international, regional and subregional organizations, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate related to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, to step up their efforts to provide, upon request, technical assistance for building the capacity of Member States in the development and implementation of programmes of assistance and support for victims of terrorism in accordance with relevant national legislation;", "19. Calls upon international, regional and subregional organizations to strengthen information‑sharing, coordination and cooperation in promoting the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law while countering terrorism;", "20. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General on protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism[16] and the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,[17] submitted pursuant to resolution 65/221;", "21. Requests the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism to continue to make recommendations, in the context of his mandate, with regard to preventing, combating and redressing violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the context of countering terrorism and to continue to report and engage in interactive dialogues on an annual basis with the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council in accordance with their programmes of work;", "22. Requests all Governments to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism in the performance of the tasks and duties mandated, including by reacting promptly to the urgent appeals of the Special Rapporteur and providing the information requested, and to give serious consideration to responding favourably to his requests to visit their countries, as well as to cooperate with other relevant procedures and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council regarding the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism;", "23. Welcomes the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to implement the mandate given to her in General Assembly resolution 60/158 of 16 December 2005, and requests her to continue her efforts in this regard;", "24. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report on the implementation of the present resolution to the Human Rights Council and to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session;", "25. Decides to continue the consideration of the question at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3]  See sect. I, para. 17, of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 (A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III).", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[5]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[6]  Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/65/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[7]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[8]  See, for example, General Comment No. 29 on states of emergency adopted by the Human Rights Committee on 24 July 2001.", "[9]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970‑973.", "[10]  Ibid., vol. 1125, Nos. 17512 and 17513.", "[11]  Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[12]  Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[13]  Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[14]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841.", "[15]  A/HRC/16/51.", "[16]  A/66/204.", "[17]  See A/66/310." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including alternative approaches", "Reaffirming also the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2]", "Reaffirming the fundamental importance of respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, including in dealing with terrorism and terrorist fear,", "Reaffirming also the obligation of States to protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all,", "Reaffirming also that terrorism cannot be linked to any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group,", "Reaffirming that measures taken at all levels consistent with international law, in particular international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law, to counter terrorism are very useful in promoting the functioning of democratic institutions and the maintenance of peace and security, thereby contributing to the full realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and reaffirming the need to continue this struggle, including by strengthening international cooperation and the role of the United Nations in that regard,", "Deploring the violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the fight against terrorism and violations of international refugee and humanitarian law,", "Noting with concern that some measures may undermine human rights and the rule of law, such as the detention of suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts without legal basis and due process guarantees, the deprivation of liberty in a manner that would amount to the placement of detainees in the protection of the law, the trial of suspects in the absence of basic judicial guarantees, the unlawful deprivation of the freedom of the suspect and the transfer of them to the office, the return of suspects to their homes without individual risk assessment to determine whether there is a firm reason for believing that they may be subjected to torture, and the establishment of effective monitoring measures against terrorism,", "Stressing that all measures taken in the fight against terrorism, including individual profiling and the use of diplomatic assurances, memorandums of understanding or other transfer agreements or arrangements, must be consistent with the obligations of States under international law, including international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law,", "Stressing also that the criminal justice system established on the basis of respect for human rights and the rule of law, including due process and fair trial guarantees, is one of the best means to effectively counter terrorism and ensure accountability,", "Recalling article 30 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, reaffirming that all acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitute activities aimed at destroying human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, threatening the territorial integrity and security of the State and undermining the stability of the legitimate Government, and reaffirming that the international community should take the necessary steps to strengthen cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism, [3]", "Reiterating its unequivocal condemnation of all acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed, and reaffirming its determination to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism,", "Recognizing that respect for all human rights, respect for democracy and respect for the rule of law are interrelated and mutually reinforcing,", "Emphasizing the need for States to correctly understand and fulfil their obligations under article 1 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and to strictly observe the definition of torture in the fight against terrorism,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 3921 of 21 December 2010, 13/26 [5] of 26 March 2010 of the Human Rights Council and other relevant resolutions and decisions, as set out in the preamble to resolution 38/22, and welcoming the efforts of all relevant stakeholders to implement those resolutions,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolution 60/288 of 8 September 2006, in which it adopted the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, and recalling General Assembly resolution 64297 of 8 September 2010 on the review of this strategy, reaffirming that the promotion and protection of human rights and the rule of law for all are essential in the fight against terrorism, recognizing that the two objectives of effective counter-terrorism measures and the protection of human rights are not contradictory, are complementary and mutually reinforcing, and stressing the need to promote and protect the rights of victims of terrorism,", "Recalling further Human Rights Council resolution 15/15 of 30 September 2010, in which the Council decided to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 64/115 of 16 December 2009 and its annex entitled “Application and implementation of United Nations sanctions”, in particular the provisions of the annex on the procedures for listing and de-listing,", "Reaffirms that States must ensure that all measures taken to counter terrorism comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law;", "Deeply deplores the suffering caused by terrorism to victims and their families, and stresses the importance of providing assistance to them;", "Expresses grave concern at the violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the course of countering terrorism and violations of international refugees and humanitarian law;", "Reaffirms that any counter-terrorism measures should be followed by international law, including international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law, in order to fully take into account the human rights of all, including persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and in this regard shall not discriminate on grounds such as race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin;", "Also reaffirms that, in accordance with article IV of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [7], States have an obligation to respect certain rights and, in any case, may not be derogated, recalls that any measure to defuse the provisions of the Convention must be in conformity with that article and stresses that any such derogation is exceptional and temporary, and in this regard calls upon States to raise awareness of the importance of those obligations by national authorities involved in the fight against terrorism;", "Urges States, while countering terrorism, to:", "(a) The absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in full compliance with international law, in particular international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law;", "(b) Take all necessary steps to ensure that persons deprived of their liberty are entitled, irrespective of their arrest or detention, to the enjoyment of their rights under international law, including the detention of review and other basic judicial guarantees;", "(c) In accordance with international law, including international human rights law and humanitarian law, to ensure that any form of deprivation of liberty measures may not be subject to the protection of the detainee and to respect the guarantees relating to the freedom, security and dignity of the person;", "(d) Take all necessary steps to ensure that any person arrested or detained for a criminal offence has the right to face promptly any other person authorized by a judge or by law to exercise his or her judicial power and to ensure that it is tried or released within a reasonable time;", "(e) To treat all prisoners in all places of detention in accordance with international law, including international human rights law and humanitarian law;", "(f) Respect for international law, including international human rights law, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the right of all persons under international humanitarian and refugee law to be equal before the law, the courts and tribunals and to a fair trial;", "(g) Guarantee the right to privacy in accordance with international law and take measures to ensure that interference with the right to privacy is regulated by law, effectively monitored and properly corrected, including through judicial review or other methods;", "(h) Protection of all human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights, bearing in mind that certain counter-terrorism measures may have an impact on the enjoyment of those rights;", "(i) To ensure that all border control operations and other pre-entry mechanisms are clear and fully respect the obligations of persons seeking international protection under international law, in particular international refugee and human rights law;", "(j) Full respect for the non-refoulement obligations set out in international refugee and human rights law, while fully respecting those obligations and other legal safeguards, the parties have committed criminal acts referred to in the exclusion clause of international refugee law, including acts of terrorism, to review the effectiveness of refugee status decisions in individual cases;", "(k) If the transfer of the person concerned violates its obligations under international law, in particular its obligations under international human rights, humanitarian and refugee law, including reasonable grounds to believe that the person concerned may be subjected to torture or that the life or liberty of the person concerned may be threatened by international refugee law because of his or her race, religion, nationality, specific social groups or political opinions;", "(l) If the practice of returning the person concerned to another State violates its obligations under international law and exposes them to the risk of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, such practices should not be taken;", "(m) Ensure that the laws of States that criminalize acts of terrorism facilitate access, accuracy, non-discrimination and retroactivity, and comply with international law, including human rights law;", "(n) No discrimination prohibited by international law, including qualitative analysis based on race, ethnicity and/or religion;", "(o) To ensure that interrogations of persons suspected of terrorist acts are consistent with international obligations and are regularly reviewed in order to prevent the risk of breaches of obligations under international law, including international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law;", "(p) Ensure that any person has the opportunity to obtain an effective and enforceable remedy within a reasonable period of time when his or her human rights or fundamental freedoms are violated, and to ensure that victims of such violations receive adequate, effective and prompt reparations, as appropriate, including bringing those responsible for such violations to justice;", "(q) In accordance with all relevant provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Geneva Conventions of 7 1949 [9] and their Additional Protocols of 1977, [10] 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 11] and its obligations under the 1967 Protocol [12] to ensure appropriate procedural safeguards in all areas of application;", "(r) Develop, review and implement all counter-terrorism measures in accordance with the principle of gender equality and non-discrimination;", "Also urges States to consider relevant human rights resolutions and decisions of the United Nations in the context of countering terrorism and encourages States to give appropriate consideration to the recommendations of the special procedures and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council and the relevant comments and observations of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies;", "Welcomes the formal entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance [13] and its implementation will greatly facilitate support for the rule of law in the fight against terrorism, including the prohibition of the establishment of secret places of detention, and encourages all States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention;", "Encourages all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify or accede to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment4 States that consider signing, ratifying or acceding to these instruments, and their implementation will contribute significantly to supporting the rule of law in the fight against terrorism;", "Urges United Nations entities involved in supporting counter-terrorism to continue to promote the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms and due process and the rule of law in the context of counter-terrorism;", "Recognizes the need to continue to ensure that the impartial and clear procedures established by the United Nations Counter-Terrorism sanctions regime are strengthened in order to enhance their efficiency and transparency, and welcomes and encourages the sustained efforts of the Security Council to support the achievement of those goals, including by supporting the strengthening of the role of the Office of the Ombudsman and continuing to review the names of all individuals and entities listed in the list of sanctions regimes, while stressing the importance of those sanctions in counter-terrorism operations;", "Urges States, while ensuring full implementation of international obligations, to ensure the rule of law and to incorporate appropriate human rights guarantees into national procedures for the inclusion of individuals and entities in the counter-terrorism list;", "Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism to continue to assist the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force in its work, including through, inter alia, regular dialogue to raise awareness of the need to respect human rights and the rule of law in countering terrorism and to support the exchange of best practices for the promotion and protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law in all aspects of countering terrorism, including, where appropriate, the exchange of reports of the Special Rapporteur to the Council pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 15/15. 15] Best practices identified therein;", "Welcomes the ongoing dialogue between the Security Council and its Counter-Terrorism Committee and the relevant bodies for the promotion and protection of human rights in the fight against terrorism, and encourages the Security Council and its Counter-Terrorism Committee to strengthen their relevant human rights institutions, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the context of counter-terrorism, the Human Rights Council, other relevant special procedures and mechanisms and relevant treaty bodies, while giving due consideration to the promotion and protection of human rights and the rule of law in their current counter-terrorism efforts;", "Calls upon States and, as appropriate, other relevant actors to continue to implement the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, which, inter alia, reaffirms respect for human rights and the rule of law for all as an important basis for the fight against terrorism;", "Requests the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force to continue its efforts to ensure better coordination and enhanced support by the United Nations to Member States in their efforts to fulfil their obligations under international law, including in accordance with international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law, in countering terrorism, and encourages the working groups of the Task Force to integrate a human rights perspective into their work;", "Encourages relevant United Nations bodies and entities, as well as international, regional and subregional organizations, in particular those participating in the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, in accordance with their respective mandates and, if requested, to intensify their efforts to provide relevant technical assistance for the prevention and suppression of terrorism, including with regard to the enactment and implementation of legislative measures and other measures by States, to ensure respect for international human rights, refugees and humanitarian law and the rule of law as an element of technical assistance;", "Urges relevant United Nations bodies and entities, as well as international, regional and subregional organizations, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate relating to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, to intensify their efforts to provide Member States, upon request, with technical assistance in capacity-building to develop and implement programmes to provide assistance and support to victims of terrorism in accordance with relevant national legislation;", "Calls upon international, regional and subregional organizations to strengthen information-sharing, coordination and cooperation and to promote the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law in countering terrorism;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism [16] and the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the context of countering terrorism pursuant to that resolution; [17]", "Requests the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, within his mandate, to continue to make recommendations on the prevention, combating and redress of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the course of countering terrorism, to continue to report annually and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council, in accordance with its programme of work;", "Requests Governments to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism in the implementation of his legislative mandates and duties, including by responding promptly to the urgent appeals of the Special Rapporteur, by providing the information requested, giving serious consideration to responding favourably to his country's requests and cooperating with other relevant procedures and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council in the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism;", "Welcomes the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in implementing the mandate entrusted to it in resolution 60/158 of 16 December 2005, and requests the High Commissioner to continue his efforts in this regard;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this matter under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[3] See section I, paragraph 17, of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 (A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[5] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap.", "[6] Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/65/Add.1), chap.", "[7] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[8] See, for example, Human Rights Committee general comment No. 29 of 24 July 2001 on state of emergency.", "[9] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "[10] Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512 and 17513.", "[11] Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[12] Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[13] Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[14] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841.", "[15] A/HRC/16/51.", "[16] A/66/204.", "[17] See A/63/310." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/172. 保护移徙者", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于保护移徙者的各项决议，最近的一项是2010年12月21日第65/212号决议，又回顾人权理事会2011年9月30日第18/21号决议，[1]", "重申《世界人权宣言》，[2] 其中宣布人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等，而且人人有资格享有《宣言》所载一切权利和自由，不得有任何区别，特别是种族、肤色或国籍的区别，", "又重申在每一国家境内人人有权自由迁徙和居住，人人有权离开任何国家，包括其本国在内，并有权返回自己的国家，", "回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》[3] 和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、³ 《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》、[4] 《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、[5] 《儿童权利公约》、[6] 《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》、[7] 《残疾人权利公约》、[8] 《维也纳领事关系公约》[9] 和《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》，[10]", "又回顾联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议成果文件所载关于移徙者的规定，这些成果文件包括《世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议成果》，[11] 其中确认移徙工人在金融和经济危机中属于最受影响和最易受伤害者之列，", "还回顾人口与发展委员会2006年5月10日第2006/2号[12] 和2009年4月3日第2009/1号决议，[13]", "表示赞赏地注意到联合国开发计划署《2009年人类发展报告：跨越障碍——人员流动与发展》，[14]", "表示注意到美洲人权法院1999年10月1日关于在正当法律程序保障框架内获得领事协助信息的权利的OC-16/99号咨询意见以及2003年9月17日关于无证移徙者法律处境和权利的OC-18/03号咨询意见，", "又表示注意到国际法院2004年3月31日对“阿韦纳和其他墨西哥国民”案的判决[15] 和2009年1月19日对关于阿韦纳判决的“解释请求”的判决，[16] 并回顾这两项裁决中都重申的国家义务，", "着重指出人权理事会在促进重视保护包括移徙者在内所有人的人权和基本自由方面的重要性，", "认识到妇女参与国际移徙流动的人数不断增多，", "回顾2006年9月14日和15日在纽约举行的国际移徙与发展问题高级别对话，其目的是讨论国际移徙与发展的多层面问题，讨论中除其他外确认了国际移徙、发展与人权之间的关联，", "注意到2011年12月1日和2日在日内瓦举行的移徙与发展问题全球论坛第五次会议汇集2011年1月至10月世界各地围绕“就移徙与发展问题采取行动——连贯一致、建立能力和相互合作”这一中心主题举行的十四次专题会议所产生的成果与结论，以此帮助促进国家之间及国家与其他行为体之间的国际合作，从而增强各国更有效应对移徒问题及发展机遇与挑战的能力；赞赏地注意到毛里求斯政府慷慨提出担任全球论坛2012年主席国，", "认识到移徙者对容留方社会和原籍社区作出的文化和经济上的贡献，认识到有必要确定适当方法，用以最大程度地发挥发展效益并应对移徙现象给原籍国、过境国和目的地国带来的挑战，尤其是考虑到金融和经济危机的影响，并且承诺确保有尊严和人道的待遇和适当保护以及加强国际合作机制，", "强调移徙现象具有全球性质，因此必须酌情开展国际、区域和双边合作与对话，需要保护移徙者的人权，特别是考虑到目前在全球化经济中移徙流动增加，而且是以新的安全关切为背景，", "铭记各国有义务根据适用的国际法，克尽职责防止危害移徙者的罪行，调查和惩治行为人，否则就是侵犯和损害或剥夺受害人对人权和基本自由的享受，", "确认包括贩运人口在内的危害移徙者罪行继续构成严峻挑战，需要原籍国、过境国和目的地国进行协调一致的国际评估、采取对策和开展真正的多边合作，以铲除这种现象，", "铭记关于移徙问题的各项政策和举措，包括涉及对移徙进行有序管理的政策和举措，应当倡导采取通盘做法，要考虑到这一现象的原因及后果，同时应充分尊重移徙者的人权和基本自由，", "强调指出政府所有各级关于非正常移徙问题的条例和法律都必须与国家根据包括国际人权法在内的国际法所承担的义务相一致，", "又强调指出国家有义务保护移徙者的人权而不论其移民身份如何，并表示关切包括旨在减少非正常移徙的政策在内的措施中有些措施将非正常移徙视为刑事犯罪而非行政违规，结果便是剥夺移徙者对人权和基本自由的充分享受，", "意识到由于犯罪分子利用移徙流动和设法规避限制性的移民政策，移徙者除其他外更易遭受绑架、敲诈、强迫劳动、性剥削、人身攻击、债役和被抛弃，", "认识到年轻移民对原籍国和目的地国的贡献，因此鼓励各国考虑年轻移民的具体情况和需要，", "关切大批且日益增多的移徙者，特别是妇女和儿童，在没有必要旅行证件的情况下试图跨越国际边界，结果陷入易受伤害的境地，并确认各国有义务尊重这些移徙者的人权，", "强调指出对非正常移徙者的处罚和待遇应当与他们的违规行为相称，", "确认采取综合、平衡方式对待国际移徙问题的重要性，并铭记移徙丰富了各国的经济、政治、社会和文化结构，丰富了存在于某些地区之间的历史和文化联系，", "又确认原籍国、过境国和目的地国根据国际人权法所承担的义务，", "着重指出各国应与非政府组织和其他相关的利益攸关方合作，开展宣传运动，说明如果移徙的话，会有哪些机会、限制因素、风险和权利，以使每个人都能作出知情决定，并防止任何人使用危险手段跨越国际边界，", "1. 吁请各国切实促进和保护所有移徙者特别是妇女和儿童的人权和基本自由，不论其移民身份为何，并通过国际、区域或双边合作与对话，以综合、平衡的方式处理国际移徙问题，同时认识到原籍国、过境国和目的地国应发挥作用并承担责任，促进和保护所有移徙者的人权，避免采取可能使移徙者更易受伤害的做法；", "2. 表示关切金融和经济危机对国际移徙和移徙者的影响，并为此促请各国政府努力消除对移徙者，特别是对移徙工人及其家属的不公平和歧视性待遇；", "3. 重申《世界人权宣言》² 阐明的各项权利以及各国根据两项国际人权公约³ 所承担的各项义务，并在这方面：", "(a) 强烈谴责针对移徙者的各种种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关的不容忍表现和行为以及经常对他们抱有的成见，包括基于宗教或信仰的成见，并促请各国在出现针对移徙者的仇外或不容忍行为、表现或言论时，适用现行法律，必要时加强这些法律，以根除实施仇外行为或种族主义行为人逍遥法外的现象；", "(b) 表示关切一些国家通过的立法所致的措施和做法可能会限制移徙者的人权和基本自由，重申各国在行使主权权利颁布和执行有关移徙问题及边境安全的措施时，有义务遵守其根据包括国际人权法在内的国际法所承担的义务，以确保充分尊重移徙者的人权；", "(c) 吁请各国确保其法律和政策，包括反恐怖主义和打击诸如贩运人口和偷运移徙者等跨国有组织犯罪方面的法律和政策，充分尊重移徙者的人权；", "(d) 吁请尚未签署和批准或加入《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》¹⁰ 的国家优先考虑签署和批准或加入该公约，并请秘书长继续努力促进和提高人们对《公约》的认识；", "(e) 表示注意到保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利委员会第十三届和第十四届会议的报告；[17]", "4. 又重申各国有义务按照《世界人权宣言》和各自已加入的国际文书，切实促进和保护所有移徙者特别是妇女和儿童的人权和基本自由，不论其移民身份为何，因此：", "(a) 吁请所有国家尊重移徙者的人权和与生俱来的尊严，停止任意逮捕和拘留，必要时审查拘留期，以避免过度拘留非正常移徙者，并酌情采取替代拘留的措施；", "(b) 敦促所有国家采取有效措施，防止和惩处个人或群体以任何形式非法剥夺移徙者自由的行为；", "(c) 赞赏地注意到一些国家已采取措施，在无证移徙案件中实施关于非正常移徙的国内条例和法律时，缩短拘留期；", "(d) 又赞赏地注意到一些国家成功地对无证移徙案件实行了替代拘留措施，认为这种做法值得所有国家考虑；", "(e) 请各国采取具体措施，防止在港口、机场、边境和移民检查站等地侵犯正在过境的移徙者的人权；训练在上述设施和边境地区工作的公职人员以礼并依法对待移徙者；根据适用的法律，起诉任何在移徙者往返原籍国与目的地国期间，包括在通过国家边界期间发生的侵犯其人权行为，如任意拘留、施加酷刑和侵犯生命权，包括法外处决；", "(f) 着重指出移徙者有权返回其国籍国，并重申各国必须确保妥当接收返回国内的国民；", "(g) 着力重申《维也纳领事关系公约》⁹ 缔约国有义务确保充分尊重和遵守该公约，特别是其中规定所有外国国民，不论其移民身份为何，在遭受逮捕、监禁、羁押或拘留时，有权同始发国领事官员联络，而且接收国有义务立即告知外国国民其根据《公约》所享的权利；", "(h) 请所有国家按照本国立法和其所加入的适用国际法律文书，切实执行劳工法，包括处理在移徙工人劳资关系和工作条件方面违反劳工法的行为，特别是处理与他们的薪酬和卫生条件、工作安全以及自由结社权利等有关的违法行为；", "(i) 鼓励所有国家按照适用的立法和协定，排除现有的可能使移徙者无法安全、透明、不受限制和快速地把汇款、收入、资产和养恤金转至原籍国或任何其他国家的不合法障碍，并酌情考虑采取措施解决可能妨碍此种转移的其他问题；", "(j) 回顾《世界人权宣言》确认人人在其应享的基本权利遭受侵害时有权获得国家主管法庭对这种侵害行为作出的有效补救；", "5. 强调必须保护处境脆弱者，并在这方面：", "(a) 表示关切跨国和本国有组织犯罪实体的活动以及其他在危害移徙者特别是危害妇女和儿童的犯罪活动中谋利者的活动日趋猖獗，这些活动无视危险和不人道的状况，公然违反国内法和国际法，违背国际标准；", "(b) 又表示关切人口贩运者及其同伙和其他有组织犯罪实体成员往往有罪而不受惩罚，以致受虐待的移徙者无法行使权利和伸张正义；", "(c) 欢迎一些国家实施移民方案，使移徙者能够充分融入容留国，便利家庭团聚，促进和谐、宽容和相互尊重的环境，并鼓励各国考虑实施这种方案的可能性；", "(d) 鼓励所有国家制定纳入两性平等观点的国际移徙政策和方案，以便采取必要措施，更好地保护妇女和女孩，使其免于在移徙期间遭受危险和虐待；", "(e) 吁请各国考虑到移徙儿童特别是孤身移徙儿童易受伤害，保护他们的人权，在就地安置、送返和家庭团聚政策中确保把儿童的最高利益作为一个首要考虑因素；", "(f) 鼓励所有国家在所有各级政府防止和消除使移徙儿童无法受教育的歧视性政策和立法；", "(g) 鼓励各国在把儿童最高利益作为一个首要考虑因素的同时，促成移徒儿童成功融入教育体系，排除阻挡他们在容留国和原籍国受教育的障碍；", "(h) 敦促各国确保遣返机制考虑到需要识别和特别保护处境脆弱者，包括残疾人，并且按照所承担的国际义务和承诺，考虑到儿童最高利益和家庭团聚的原则；", "(i) 敦促《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[18] 及其补充议定书，即《关于打击陆海空偷运移民的补充议定书》[19] 和《关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》[20] 的缔约国充分执行这些文书，并吁请尚未批准或加入这些文书的国家优先考虑批准或加入这些文书；", "6. 表示赞赏地注意到联合国人权事务高级专员办事处关于移徙儿童权利保护工作国际框架落实过程中的挑战和最佳做法的研究报告，[21] 并邀请各国在制定和执行各自的移徙政策时，考虑到该研究报告的结论和建议；", "7. 鼓励各国酌情执行旨在保障保护和医疗、心理和社会及法律援助途径的方案和政策，以保护遭受绑架、贩运及某些情况下包括偷运等本国和跨国有组织犯罪活动之害的受害人；", "8. 鼓励尚未制定国内立法的会员国制定立法，并采取进一步的有效措施打击国际贩运和偷运移徙者的行为，认识到这些犯罪行为有可能危害移徙者的生命，或使他们遭受伤害、劳役或剥削，其中还可能包括债役、奴役、性剥削或强迫劳动，并鼓励会员国加强国际合作，打击此类贩运和偷运行为；", "9. 强调指出在保护移徙者人权方面进行国际、区域和双边合作的重要性，因此：", "(a) 请所有国家、国际组织和相关利益攸关方在移徙问题相关政策和举措中顾及移徙现象的全球性质，并适当考虑在这方面开展国际、区域和双边合作，包括就移徙问题进行有目的地国、过境国和原籍国以及包括移徙者在内的民间社会参与的对话，以便除其他外全面探讨其原因与后果以及无证或非正常移徙问题的挑战，同时优先考虑保护移徙者的人权；", "(b) 鼓励各国采取必要措施以实现国家、区域和国际各级移徙政策的协调一致，包括为此而确保跨界协调儿童保护政策和制度，全面遵循国际人权法；", "(c) 又鼓励各国进一步加强合作，保护偷运移民和贩运人口案的证人；", "(d) 吁请联合国系统以及其他相关国际组织和多边机构加强合作，制定办法来收集和处理有关原籍国、过境国和目的地国的国际移徙和移徙者状况的统计数据，并协助会员国进行这方面的能力建设工作；", "(e) 请会员国、联合国系统、国际组织、民间社会以及所有相关利益攸关方，特别是联合国人权事务高级专员和人权理事会移徙者人权问题特别报告员，确保将移徙者人权观点列入联合国系统内当前就国际移徙与发展问题所进行讨论的优先问题，并在这方面着重指出必须充分考虑到人权观点，将此作为2011年国际移徙与发展问题非正式专题辩论的优先重点之一，也作为根据大会2008年12月19日第63/225号决议决定将于2013年大会第六十八届会议期间举行的国际移民与发展问题高级别对话的优先事项之一；", "(f) 鼓励各国、相关国际组织和民间社会，包括非政府组织，继续开展并增进对话，以加强各项公共政策，从而促进和尊重人权，包括移徒者的人权；", "(g) 邀请委员会主席在现有资源范围内，于大会第六十七届会议期间在题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下向大会发言；", "(h) 邀请特别报告员在题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下向大会第六十七届会议提交报告；", "10. 注意到秘书长已向大会第六十六届会议提交报告，[22] 说明第65/212号决议的执行情况以及《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》如何适情影响了加强对移徙者保护的政策与做法；", "11. 请秘书长继续努力收集与上述报告内容有关的资料，同时鼓励会员国提供与《公约》实施情况有关的资料，并且赞许那些已提供所要求资料的国家。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1465卷，第24841号。", "[5] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[6] 同上，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[7] 同上，第660卷，第9464号。", "[8] 同上，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[9] 同上，第596卷，第8638号。", "[10] 同上，第2220卷，第39481号。", "[11] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[12] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2006年，补编第5号》(E/2006/25)，第一章，B节。", "[13] 同上，《2009年，补编第5号》(E/2009/25)，第一章，B节。", "[14] 联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.09.III.B.1。", "[15] 见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第4号》(A/59/4)，第五章，A.23节；另见《阿韦纳和其他墨西哥国民(墨西哥诉美利坚合众国)案，判决，2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第12页。", "[16] 见《大会正式记录，第六十四届会议，补编第4号》(A/64/4)，第五章，B.12节；另见《关于2004年3月31日对“阿韦纳和其他墨西哥国民案(墨西哥诉美利坚合众国)”所作判决的解释请求(墨西哥诉美利坚合众国)，判决，2009年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第3页。", "[17] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第48号》(A/66/48)。", "[18] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[19] 同上，第2241卷，第39574号。", "[20] 同上，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[21] A/HRC/15/29。", "[22] A/66/253。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/172. Protection of migrants", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all its previous resolutions on the protection of migrants, the most recent of which is resolution 65/212 of 21 December 2010, and recalling also Human Rights Council resolution 18/21 of 30 September 2011,[1]", "Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[2] which proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, in particular as to race, colour or national origin,", "Reaffirming also that everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State and the right to leave any country, including his or her own, and to return to his or her country,", "Recalling the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[3] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,³ the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,[4] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[5] the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[6] the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[7] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[8] the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations[9] and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,[10]", "Recalling also the provisions concerning migrants contained in the outcome documents of all major United Nations conferences and summits, including the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,[11] which recognizes that migrant workers are among the most affected and vulnerable in the context of financial and economic crises,", "Recalling further Commission on Population and Development resolutions 2006/2 of 10 May 2006[12] and 2009/1 of 3 April 2009,[13]", "Taking note with appreciation of the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming Barriers — Human Mobility and Development,[14]", "Taking note of advisory opinion OC‑16/99 of 1 October 1999 on the Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law and advisory opinion OC‑18/03 of 17 September 2003 on the Juridical Condition and Rights of Undocumented Migrants, issued by the Inter‑American Court of Human Rights,", "Taking note also of the Judgment of the International Court of Justice of 31 March 2004 in the case concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals[15] and the Judgment of the Court of 19 January 2009 regarding the request for interpretation of the Avena Judgment,[16] and recalling the obligations of States reaffirmed in both decisions,", "Underlining the importance of the Human Rights Council in promoting respect for the protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all, including migrants,", "Recognizing the increasing participation of women in international migration movements,", "Recalling the High‑level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, held in New York on 14 and 15 September 2006 for the purpose of discussing the multidimensional aspects of international migration and development, which, inter alia, recognized the relationship between international migration, development and human rights,", "Noting that the fifth meeting of the Global Forum on Migration and Development, held in Geneva on 1 and 2 December 2011, drew together the results and conclusions of fourteen thematic meetings that took place worldwide from January to October 2011 on the central theme “Taking action on migration and development — coherence, capacity and cooperation” as a contribution to promoting international cooperation among States and between States and other actors in order to strengthen the capacity of States to address migration and development opportunities and challenges more effectively, and taking note with appreciation of the generous offer of Mauritius to assume the presidency of the Global Forum for 2012,", "Recognizing the cultural and economic contributions made by migrants to receiving societies and their communities of origin, as well as the need to identify appropriate means of maximizing development benefits and responding to the challenges which migration poses to countries of origin, transit and destination, especially in the light of the impact of the financial and economic crisis, and committing to ensuring dignified, humane treatment with applicable protections and to strengthening mechanisms for international cooperation,", "Emphasizing the global character of the migratory phenomenon, the importance of international, regional and bilateral cooperation and dialogue in this regard, as appropriate, and the need to protect the human rights of migrants, particularly at a time in which migration flows have increased in the globalized economy and take place in a context of new security concerns,", "Bearing in mind the obligations of States under international law, as applicable, to exercise due diligence to prevent crimes against migrants and to investigate and punish perpetrators, and that not doing so violates and impairs or nullifies the enjoyment of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of victims,", "Affirming that crimes against migrants, including trafficking in persons, continue to pose a serious challenge and require a concerted international assessment and response and genuine multilateral cooperation among countries of origin, transit and destination for their eradication,", "Bearing in mind that policies and initiatives on the issue of migration, including those that refer to the orderly management of migration, should promote holistic approaches that take into account the causes and consequences of the phenomenon, as well as full respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants,", "Stressing the importance of regulations and laws regarding irregular migration, at all levels of government, being in accordance with the obligations of States under international law, including international human rights law,", "Stressing also the obligation of States to protect the human rights of migrants regardless of their migration status, and expressing its concern at measures which, including in the context of policies aimed at reducing irregular migration, treat irregular migration as a criminal rather than an administrative offence where the effect of doing so is to deny migrants full enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Aware that, as criminals take advantage of migratory flows and attempt to circumvent restrictive immigration policies, migrants become more vulnerable to, inter alia, kidnapping, extortion, forced labour, sexual exploitation, physical assault, debt servitude and abandonment,", "Recognizing the contributions of young migrants to countries of origin and destination, and in that regard encouraging States to consider the specific circumstances and needs of young migrants,", "Concerned about the large and growing number of migrants, especially women and children, who place themselves in a vulnerable situation by attempting to cross international borders without the required travel documents, and recognizing the obligation of States to respect the human rights of those migrants,", "Stressing that penalties and the treatment given to irregular migrants should be commensurate with their infraction,", "Recognizing the importance of having a comprehensive and balanced approach to international migration, and bearing in mind that migration enriches the economic, political, social and cultural fabric of States and the historical and cultural ties that exist among some regions,", "Recognizing also the obligations of countries of origin, transit and destination under international human rights law,", "Underlining the importance for States, in cooperation with non‑governmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders, to undertake information campaigns aimed at clarifying opportunities, limitations, risks and rights in the event of migration, so as to enable everyone to make informed decisions and to prevent anyone from utilizing dangerous means to cross international borders,", "1. Calls upon States to promote and protect effectively the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migration status, especially those of women and children, and to address international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promoting and protecting the human rights of all migrants, and avoiding approaches that might aggravate their vulnerability;", "2. Expresses its concern about the impact of financial and economic crises on international migration and migrants, and in that regard urges Governments to combat unfair and discriminatory treatment of migrants, particularly migrant workers and their families;", "3. Reaffirms the rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights² and the obligations of States under the International Covenants on Human Rights,³ and in this regard:", "(a) Strongly condemns the manifestations and acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance against migrants and the stereotypes often applied to them, including on the basis of religion or belief, and urges States to apply and, where needed, reinforce the existing laws when xenophobic or intolerant acts, manifestations or expressions against migrants occur, in order to eradicate impunity for those who commit xenophobic and racist acts;", "(b) Expresses concern about legislation adopted by some States that results in measures and practices that may restrict the human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, and reaffirms that, when exercising their sovereign right to enact and implement migratory and border security measures, States have the duty to comply with their obligations under international law, including international human rights law, in order to ensure full respect for the human rights of migrants;", "(c) Calls upon States to ensure that their laws and policies, including in the areas of counter‑terrorism and combating transnational organized crime, such as trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, fully respect the human rights of migrants;", "(d) Calls upon States that have not done so to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families¹⁰ as a matter of priority, and requests the Secretary‑General to continue his efforts to promote and raise awareness of the Convention;", "(e) Takes note of the report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families on its thirteenth and fourteenth sessions;[17]", "4. Also reaffirms the duty of States to effectively promote and protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, especially those of women and children, regardless of their immigration status, in conformity with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international instruments to which they are party, and therefore:", "(a) Calls upon all States to respect the human rights and the inherent dignity of migrants and to put an end to arbitrary arrest and detention and, where necessary, to review detention periods in order to avoid excessive detention of irregular migrants, and to adopt, where applicable, alternative measures to detention;", "(b) Urges all States to adopt effective measures to prevent and punish any form of illegal deprivation of liberty of migrants by individuals or groups;", "(c) Notes with appreciation the measures adopted by some States to reduce detention periods in cases of undocumented migration in the application of domestic regulations and laws regarding irregular migration;", "(d) Also notes with appreciation the successful implementation by some States of alternative measures to detention in cases of undocumented migration as a practice that deserves consideration by all States;", "(e) Requests States to adopt concrete measures to prevent the violation of the human rights of migrants while in transit, including in ports and airports and at borders and migration checkpoints, to train public officials who work in those facilities and in border areas to treat migrants respectfully and in accordance with the law, and to prosecute, in conformity with applicable law, any act of violation of the human rights of migrants, inter alia, arbitrary detention, torture and violations of the right to life, including extrajudicial executions, during their transit from their country of origin to the country of destination and vice versa, including their transit through national borders;", "(f) Underlines the right of migrants to return to their country of citizenship, and recalls that States must ensure that their returning nationals are duly received;", "(g) Reaffirms emphatically the duty of States parties to ensure full respect for and observance of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations,⁹ in particular with regard to the right of all foreign nationals, regardless of their immigration status, to communicate with a consular official of the sending State in case of arrest, imprisonment, custody or detention, and the obligation of the receiving State to inform the foreign national without delay of his or her rights under the Convention;", "(h) Requests all States, in conformity with national legislation and applicable international legal instruments to which they are party, to enforce labour law effectively, including by addressing violations of such law, with regard to migrant workers’ labour relations and working conditions, inter alia, those related to their remuneration and conditions of health, safety at work and the right to freedom of association;", "(i) Encourages all States to remove unlawful obstacles, where they exist, that may prevent the safe, transparent, unrestricted and expeditious transfer of remittances, earnings, assets and pensions of migrants to their country of origin or to any other countries, in conformity with applicable legislation and agreements, and to consider, as appropriate, measures to solve other problems that may impede such transfers;", "(j) Recalls that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted to him or her;", "5. Emphasizes the importance of protecting persons in vulnerable situations, and in this regard:", "(a) Expresses its concern about the increase in the activities of transnational and national organized crime entities and others who profit from crimes against migrants, especially women and children, without regard for dangerous and inhumane conditions and in flagrant violation of domestic laws and international law and contrary to international standards;", "(b) Also expresses its concern about the high level of impunity enjoyed by traffickers and their accomplices as well as other members of organized crime entities and, in this context, the denial of rights and justice to migrants who have suffered from abuse;", "(c) Welcomes immigration programmes, adopted by some countries, that allow migrants to integrate fully into the host countries, facilitate family reunification and promote a harmonious, tolerant and respectful environment, and encourages States to consider the possibility of adopting these types of programmes;", "(d) Encourages all States to develop international migration policies and programmes that include a gender perspective, in order to adopt the measures necessary to better protect women and girls against dangers and abuse during migration;", "(e) Calls upon States to protect the human rights of migrant children, given their vulnerability, particularly unaccompanied migrant children, ensuring that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration in their policies of integration, return and family reunification;", "(f) Encourages all States to prevent and eliminate discriminatory policies and legislation, at all levels of government, that deny migrant children access to education;", "(g) Encourages States, while taking into account the best interests of the child as a primary consideration, to foster the successful integration of migrant children into the education system and the removal of barriers to their education in host countries and countries of origin;", "(h) Urges States to ensure that repatriation mechanisms allow for the identification and special protection of persons in vulnerable situations, including persons with disabilities, and take into account, in conformity with their international obligations and commitments, the principle of the best interests of the child and family reunification;", "(i) Urges States parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime[18] and supplementing protocols thereto, namely, the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air[19] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,[20] to implement them fully, and calls upon States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to them as a matter of priority;", "6. Takes note with appreciation of the study of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on challenges and best practices in the implementation of the international framework for the protection of the rights of the child in the context of migration,[21] and invites States to take into account the conclusions and recommendations of the study when designing and implementing their migration policies;", "7. Encourages States to protect victims of national and transnational organized crime, including kidnapping, trafficking and, in some instances, smuggling, through, where applicable, the implementation of programmes and policies that guarantee protection and access to medical, psychosocial and legal assistance;", "8. Encourages Member States that have not already done so to enact domestic legislation and to take further effective measures to combat international trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, recognizing that these crimes may endanger the lives of migrants or subject them to harm, servitude or exploitation, which may also include debt bondage, slavery, sexual exploitation or forced labour, and also encourages Member States to strengthen international cooperation to combat such trafficking and smuggling;", "9. Stresses the importance of international, regional and bilateral cooperation in the protection of the human rights of migrants, and therefore:", "(a) Requests all States, international organizations and relevant stakeholders to take into account in their policies and initiatives on migration issues the global character of the migratory phenomenon and to give due consideration to international, regional and bilateral cooperation in this field, including by undertaking dialogues on migration that include countries of origin, transit and destination, as well as civil society, including migrants, with a view to addressing, in a comprehensive manner, inter alia, its causes and consequences and the challenge of undocumented or irregular migration, granting priority to the protection of the human rights of migrants;", "(b) Encourages States to take the measures necessary to achieve policy coherence on migration at the national, regional and international levels, including by ensuring coordinated child protection policies and systems across borders that are in full compliance with international human rights law;", "(c) Also encourages States to further strengthen their cooperation in protecting witnesses in cases of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons;", "(d) Calls upon the United Nations system and other relevant international organizations and multilateral institutions to enhance their cooperation in the development of methodologies for the collection and processing of statistical data on international migration and the situation of migrants in countries of origin, transit and destination and to assist Member States in their capacity‑building efforts in this regard;", "(e) Requests Member States, the United Nations system, international organizations, civil society and all relevant stakeholders, especially the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the human rights of migrants, to ensure that the perspective of the human rights of migrants is included among the priority issues in the ongoing discussions on international migration and development within the United Nations system, and in this regard underlines the importance of adequately taking into account the human rights perspective as one of the priorities of the informal thematic debate on international migration and development, held in 2011, as well as in the High‑level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, which will take place during the sixty‑eighth session of the General Assembly, in 2013, as decided by the Assembly in its resolution 63/225 of 19 December 2008;", "(f) Encourages States, relevant international organizations and civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, to continue and to enhance their dialogue with a view to strengthening public policies aimed at promoting and respecting human rights, including those of migrants;", "(g) Invites the Chair of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families to address the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”, within existing resources;", "(h) Invites the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants to submit his report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”;", "10. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General, submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty‑sixth session, on the implementation of resolution 65/212 and on how the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families has influenced policy and practice, where applicable, to strengthen the protection of migrants;[22]", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to pursue his efforts to gather information on the subject of the above‑mentioned report, while encouraging Member States to provide information relating to the application of the Convention and recognizing States that have provided the requested information.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[6]  Ibid., vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[8]  Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[9]  Ibid., vol. 596, No. 8638.", "[10]  Ibid., vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[11]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[12]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2006, Supplement No. 5 (E/2006/25), chap. I, sect. B.", "[13]  Ibid., 2009, Supplement No. 5 (E/2009/25), chap. I, sect. B.", "[14]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.09.III.B.1.", "[15]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty‑ninth Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/59/4), chap. V, sect. A.23; see also Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 12.", "[16]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fourth Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/64/4), chap. V, sect. B.12; see also Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 in the Case concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America) (Mexico v. United States of America), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2009, p. 3.", "[17]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 48 (A/66/48).", "[18]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[19]  Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "[20]  Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[21]  A/HRC/15/29.", "[22]  A/66/253." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Protection of migrants", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the protection of migrants, the most recent of which was resolution 812 of 21 December 2010, and recalling also Human Rights Council resolution 18/21 of 30 September 2011, containing a separate resolution,", "Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in which [2] it declares that all persons are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that all persons are entitled to all the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Declaration without distinction of any kind, in particular race, colour or nationality,", "Reaffirming also that everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence in each State, and that everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country,", "Recalling that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [3] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,3 the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, [4] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, [5] the Convention on the Rights of the Child, [6] the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, [7] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, [8] the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 9] and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families [10]", "Recalling also the provisions on migrants contained in the outcome documents of the major United Nations conferences and summits, including the outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, which [11] recognize that migrant workers are among the most affected and vulnerable in the financial and economic crisis,", "Recalling further Commission on Population and Development resolutions 2006/2 [12] of 10 May 2006 and 2009/1 of 3 April 2009, [13]", "Takes note with appreciation of the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2009: cross-hurdles — mobility and development, [14]", "Taking note of the advisory opinion No. OC-16/99 of 1 October 1999 of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the right to consular assistance within the framework of the guarantees of due process of law and the advisory opinion No. OC-18/03 of 17 September 2003 on the legal situation and rights of undocumented migrants,", "Taking note also of the Judgment of the International Court of Justice of 31 March 2004 in the case of “Abelana and other Mexican nationals” [15] and the Judgment of 19 January 2009 on the “Appropriation request” of Judge Abela, [16] and recalling the State obligations reaffirmed in both decisions,", "Stressing the importance of the Human Rights Council in promoting the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, including migrants,", "Recognizing the growing number of women in international migration flows,", "Recalling the High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, held in New York on 14 and 15 September 2006, aimed at discussing the multidimensional aspects of international migration and development, which, inter alia, recognize the links between international migration, development and human rights,", "Taking note of the outcome and conclusions of the fifth meeting of the Global Forum on Migration and Development, held in Geneva on 1 and 2 December 2011, which brought together the outcomes and conclusions emanating from the fourteenth thematic meetings on the theme “Action on migration and development — coherence, capacity-building and mutual cooperation”, held in Geneva from 1 to 2 December 2011, thereby helping to promote international cooperation among States and between States and other actors, thereby enhancing the capacity of States to respond more effectively to the issue of migrants and to develop opportunities and challenges; and notes with appreciation the generous offer of the Government of Mauritius to serve as Chair of the Global Forum for 2012.", "Recognizing the contribution of migrants to the culture and economy of the host society and the communities of origin, and recognizing the need to identify appropriate ways to maximize development benefits and address the challenges posed by migration to countries of origin, transit and destination, in particular in view of the impact of the financial and economic crisis, and the commitment to ensure dignified and human treatment and adequate protection, as well as strengthening international cooperation mechanisms,", "Emphasizing the global nature of migration, and therefore the need for international, regional and bilateral cooperation and dialogue, as appropriate, to protect the human rights of migrants, in particular the increase in migration flows in the globalized economy and the context of new security concerns,", "Bearing in mind the obligation of States to exercise due diligence to prevent crimes against migrants, to investigate and punish perpetrators, in accordance with applicable international law, otherwise violations and impairs or deprives victims of the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Recognizing that crimes against migrants, including trafficking in persons, continue to pose a serious challenge and require coordinated international assessments, responses and genuine multilateral cooperation in countries of origin, transit and destination to eradicate this phenomenon,", "Bearing in mind the policies and initiatives on migration, including policies and initiatives relating to the orderly management of migration, it should advocate for a holistic approach, taking into account the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, while fully respecting the human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants,", "Stressing that all levels of government regulations and laws on irregular migration must be consistent with the obligations of States under international law, including international human rights law,", "Stressing also the obligation of States to protect the human rights of migrants, regardless of their immigration status, and expressing concern at measures, including those aimed at reducing irregular migration, as criminal offences rather than administrative violations, which result in the denial of the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants,", "Aware that migrants are more vulnerable, inter alia, to abductions, extortion, forced labour, sexual exploitation, physical assault, debt bondage and abandonment, as a result of the use of migration flows by offenders and the establishment of legislation to avoid restrictive immigration policies,", "Recognizing the contribution of young migrants to countries of origin and destination, and encouraging States to consider the specificities and needs of young migrants,", "Concerned at the large and growing number of migrants, in particular women and children, who have attempted to cross international borders without the need for travel documents, which have resulted in vulnerable situations, and recognizing the obligation of States to respect the human rights of those migrants,", "Stressing that penalties and treatment of irregular migrants should be commensurate with their violations,", "Recognizing the importance of an integrated and balanced approach to international migration and bearing in mind that migration enriches the economic, political, social and cultural structures of States and enriches historical and cultural links among certain regions,", "Recognizing also the obligations of countries of origin, transit and destination under international human rights law,", "Stressing that States, in cooperation with non-governmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders, should carry out awareness-raising campaigns on the opportunities, constraints, risks and rights that, if they migrate, would enable everyone to make informed decisions and to prevent any person from using dangerous means across international borders,", "Calls upon States to effectively promote and protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, especially women and children, regardless of their immigration status, and to address international migration in an integrated and balanced manner through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue, while recognizing that countries of origin, transit and destination should play a role and assume responsibility for the promotion and protection of the human rights of all migrants and avoiding practices that may make migrants more vulnerable;", "Expresses concern at the impact of the financial and economic crisis on international migration and migrants, and in this regard urges Governments to strive to eliminate unfair and discriminatory treatment of migrants, in particular migrant workers and their families;", "Reaffirms the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and the obligations of States under the two international human rights conventions,3 and in this regard:", "(a) Strongly condemn the manifestations and acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance against migrants, as well as their frequent stereotypes, including those based on religion or belief, and urge States to apply existing laws when xenophobic or intolerance against migrants occur, manifestations or expressions, and, where necessary, strengthen such laws to eradicate impunity for xenophobia or racist perpetrators;", "(b) Expresses concern that measures and practices arising from legislation adopted by a number of States may limit the human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, and reiterates the obligation of States to comply with their obligations under international law, including international human rights law, to ensure full respect for the human rights of migrants;", "(c) Call upon States to ensure that their laws and policies, including in the areas of counter-terrorism and combating transnational organized crime, such as trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, are fully respected in the human rights of migrants;", "(d) Calls upon States that have not yet done so to give priority to signing and ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,10 and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to promote and raise awareness of the Convention;", "(e) Takes note of the report of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families on its thirteenth and fourteenth sessions; [17]", "Also reaffirms the obligation of States to promote and protect effectively all human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, especially women and children, irrespective of their immigration status, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international instruments to which they are parties, and therefore:", "(a) Calls upon all States to respect the human rights of migrants and their inherent dignity, cease arbitrary arrest and detention and, if necessary, review detention periods in order to avoid excessive detention of irregular migrants and, where appropriate, alternative detention measures;", "(b) Urge all States to take effective measures to prevent and punish acts of unlawful deprivation of liberty of migrants by individuals or groups;", "(c) Notes with appreciation that a number of States have taken measures to reduce the period of detention when domestic regulations and laws on irregular migration are implemented in undocumented cases;", "(d) Also notes with appreciation that a number of States have successfully introduced alternative detention measures for undocumented migrant cases, which are considered to merit consideration by all States;", "(e) To request States to take concrete measures to prevent violations of the human rights of migrants in transit, such as ports, airports, borders and immigration checkpoints; to train public officials working in the above-mentioned facilities and border areas to treat migrants in accordance with applicable laws; to prosecute any violations of their human rights during the return of migrants to their countries of origin and destination, including arbitrary detention, torture and violations of the right to life, including extrajudicial executions;", "(f) Stresses the right of migrants to return to their nationality, and reiterates the need for States to ensure the appropriate reception of nationals who return to their country;", "(g) Focus on reaffirming the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations9 The State party is obliged to ensure full respect for and compliance with the Convention, in particular by providing for all foreign nationals, regardless of their immigration status, the right to contact the consular officers of the State of origin when they have been arrested, imprisoned, detained or detained, and the obligation of the receiving State to communicate promptly to foreign nationals their rights under the Convention;", "(h) To request all States to implement effectively labour laws, in accordance with national legislation and applicable international legal instruments to which they are parties, including dealing with violations of labour laws in relation to labour relations and working conditions of migrant workers, in particular those relating to their remuneration and health conditions, work safety and the right to freedom of association;", "(i) Encourage all States, in accordance with applicable legislation and agreements, to exclude existing non-legal barriers that may prevent migrants from being able to transfer remittances, income, assets and pensions to their countries of origin or any other State, and, where appropriate, consider measures to address other issues that may impede such transfers;", "(j) Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that all persons are entitled to an effective remedy by the competent national courts for violations of their fundamental rights;", "Stresses the importance of protecting vulnerable persons, and in this regard:", "(a) Expresses concern at the increasing prevalence of activities of transnational and national organized criminal entities and other activities of persons complicit in crimes against migrants, in particular women and children, which ignore the dangerous and inhuman situation, in flagrant violation of national laws and international law, and violate international standards;", "(b) Also expresses concern at the fact that human traffickingrs and their associates and members of other organized crime entities are often guilty of impunity and that victims of abuse cannot exercise their rights and justice;", "(c) Welcome the implementation of immigration programmes in a number of countries to enable migrants to fully integrate into the host country, facilitate family reunification, promote a harmonious, tolerant and mutually reinforcing environment, and encourage States to consider the possibility of implementing such programmes;", "(d) Encourage all States to formulate international migration policies and programmes incorporating a gender perspective in order to take the necessary measures to better protect women and girls from risks and abuse during migration;", "(e) Calls upon States to ensure that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration, taking into account the vulnerability of migrant children, in particular unaccompanied migrant children, to protect their human rights, in their policies on resettlement, return and family reunification;", "(f) Encourage all Governments to prevent and eliminate discriminatory policies and legislation that prevent migrant children from being educated;", "(g) Encourage States, while making the best interests of the child a primary consideration, to promote the successful integration of the migrant children into the education system and to remove obstacles to their education in the host countries and countries of origin;", "(h) Urge States to ensure that repatriation mechanisms take into account the need for identification and special protection of vulnerable persons, including persons with disabilities, and take into account, in accordance with their international obligations and commitments, the principle of the highest interest of children and family reunification;", "(i) Urge the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [to] 18] The States parties to the Protocol Additional to Combat the Smuggling of Migrants by Land and Sea [19] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children [20] fully implement those instruments, and calls upon States that have not yet done so to give priority to ratifying or acceding to those instruments;", "Takes note with appreciation of the study of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the challenges and best practices in the implementation of the international framework for the protection of the rights of children in migration, [21] and invites States to take into account the conclusions and recommendations of the study in the formulation and implementation of their migration policies;", "Encourages States to implement programmes and policies aimed at guaranteeing protection and medical, psychological and social and legal assistance, as appropriate, to protect victims of national and transnational organized crime, including smuggling, in certain cases;", "Encourages Member States that have not yet done so to enact legislation and to take further effective measures to combat international trafficking and smuggling of migrants, recognizing that such criminal acts may endanger the lives of migrants or expose them to harm, labour or exploitation, which may also include debt bondage, slavery, sexual exploitation or forced labour, and encourages Member States to strengthen international cooperation in combating such trafficking and smuggling;", "Stresses the importance of international, regional and bilateral cooperation in the protection of the human rights of migrants, and therefore:", "(a) To invite all States, international organizations and relevant stakeholders to take into account the global nature of migration in relevant policies and initiatives on migration and to give due consideration to international, regional and bilateral cooperation in this regard, including dialogue on migration issues involving countries of destination, transit and countries of origin and civil society, including migrants, in order to address, inter alia, the challenges of their causes and consequences and the issue of undocumented or irregular migration, while giving priority to the protection of the human rights of migrants;", "(b) Encourage States to take the necessary measures to achieve coherence in migration policies at the national, regional and international levels, including by ensuring cross-border coordination of child protection policies and systems and in full compliance with international human rights law;", "(c) Also encourage States to further strengthen cooperation to protect witnesses in cases of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons;", "(d) Call upon the United Nations system, as well as other relevant international organizations and multilateral institutions, to strengthen their cooperation in developing ways to collect and address statistics on the situation of international migration and migrants in countries of origin, transit and destination, and to assist Member States in their capacity-building efforts in this regard;", "(e) To request Member States, the United Nations system, international organizations, civil society and all relevant stakeholders, in particular the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants of the Human Rights Council, to ensure that the human rights perspective of migrants is included in the priority issues currently being discussed within the United Nations system on international migration and development, and, in this regard, stresses the importance of taking fully into account the human rights perspective as one of the priorities for the informal thematic debate on international migration and development, held in 2011, as well as as as as as as as as one of the priorities for the high-level dialogue on international migration and development, to be held during the sixty-eighth session of the General Assembly resolution 63/225 of 19 December 2008;", "(f) Encourage States, relevant international organizations and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to continue and enhance dialogue in order to strengthen public policies to promote and respect human rights, including the human rights of migrants;", "(g) To invite the Chairman of the Committee, within existing resources, to address the General Assembly under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”;", "(h) To invite the Special Rapporteur to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”;", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session on the implementation of resolution [22] and on how the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families affects policies and practices to enhance the protection of migrants, as appropriate;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to collect information relevant to the content of the above-mentioned report, while encouraging Member States to provide information relevant to the implementation of the Convention and to commend those States that have provided the requested information.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[2] Resolution 217A (III).", "[3] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[6] Ibid., vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[7] Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[8] Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[9] Ibid., vol. 596, No. 8638.", "Ibid., vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[11] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2006, Supplement No. 5 (E/2006/25), chap. I, sect.", "[13] Ibid., Supplement No. 5 (E/2009/25), chap. I, sect.", "[14] United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[15] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/59/4), chap. V, sect. A.23; see also Abelana and other Mexican nationals (Mexico v. United States of America), Judgment, Reports 2004, p. 12.", "[16] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/64/4), chap. V, sect. B.12; see also the request for interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 “Abelana and other Mexican nationals (Mexico v. United States of America)” (Mexico v. United States of America), Judgment, Reports 2009, p. 3.", "[17] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 48 (A/66/48).", "[18] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[21] A/HRC/15/29.", "[22] A/66/253." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.2)通过]", "66/173. 国际人权学习年后续行动", "大会，", "回顾《联合国宪章》中载明的各项宗旨和原则，包括促进和鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，", "重申一切人权都是普遍、不可分割和相互依存的，人权学习可以促进对人权与人们日常生活关联性的理解，", "回顾大会2006年3月15日第60/251号决议，其中决定人权理事会除其他外应促进人权教育和学习以及咨询服务、技术援助和能力建设，", "又回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，各国元首和政府首脑在该文件中表示支持促进各级人权教育和学习，包括酌情实施《人权教育世界方案》，并鼓励所有国家在这方面制订各种举措，[1]", "还回顾大会关于国际人权学习年及其后续行动的2007年12月18日第62/171号、2008年12月18日第63/173号和2009年12月10日第64/82号决议，", "欢迎人权理事会2010年9月30日第15/11号决议，[2] 其中理事会确定了世界人权教育方案第二阶段(2010-2014)行动计划，强调人权学习和人权教育之间的互补性，", "确认民间社会、学术界、私营部门和媒体，适当情况下也包括议员，可以发挥重要作用，帮助在国家、区域和国际各级制订和推行各种方式方法，以促进和实施人权学习，将人权作为地方社区的一种生活方式，", "深信将人权学习纳入所有相关发展政策和方案，有助于人们平等参与作出会决定自己生活命运的决策，", "审议了秘书长的报告，[3]", "1. 重申深信妇女、男子、青年和儿童人人都可通过诸如了解人权和基本自由的全面框架等途径，包括凭借这一知识采取行动以确保切实落实所有人的人权和基本自由的能力，充分发挥自身的全部潜力；", "2. 鼓励会员国扩大在国际人权学习年之后所作的努力，并考虑与民间社会、媒体、私营部门、学术界和议员以及区域组织协调，包括与联合国系统的适当专门机构、基金和方案协调，专门拨出必要的资金和人力资源，用于进一步制定和执行国际、区域、国家和地方的长期人权学习行动纲领，以便在各级开展基础广泛的持久人权学习，并且在可能情况下指定人权城市；", "3. 吁请联合国人权事务高级专员和人权理事会大力支持民间社会、私营部门、学术界、区域组织、媒体和其他相关利益攸关方、联合国系统各组织、方案和基金以及诸如不同文明联盟、联合国全球契约和联合国伙伴关系办公室等相关网络和机构，并与其密切合作与协作，特别是努力制订战略以及国际、区域、国家和地方的行动纲领，以便开展基础广泛和持久的普及人权学习；", "4. 欢迎人权理事会通过《联合国人权教育和培训宣言》，[4] 并强调人权学习和《宣言》之间的互补性；", "5. 鼓励世界各地的民间社会组织，特别是从事社区一级工作的民间社会组织，将人权学习纳入与从事教育、发展、消除贫困、参与、儿童、土著人、两性平等、残疾人、老年人和移徙者事务以及其他政治、公民、经济、社会和文化相关问题工作的各群体进行的对话和宣传方案；", "6. 鼓励民间社会相关行为体，包括社会学家、人类学家、学术界成员、媒体成员和社区领袖，一道参与进一步发展人权学习概念，作为促进充分落实所有人的所有人权和基本自由的一个途径；", "7. 请相关条约机构在其与缔约国进行的互动中考虑到人权学习；", "8. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第60/1号决议，第131段。", "[2] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53A号》(A/65/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[3] A/66/225。", "[4] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第一章，第16/1号决议,附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.2)]", "66/173. Follow‑up to the International Year of Human Rights Learning", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that the purposes and principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations include promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and that human rights learning can contribute to the understanding of their connectedness to people’s daily lives,", "Recalling its resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006, in which it decided that the Human Rights Council should, inter alia, promote human rights education and learning as well as advisory services, technical assistance and capacity‑building,", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in which Heads of State and Government expressed their support for the promotion of human rights education and learning at all levels, including through the implementation of the World Programme for Human Rights Education, as appropriate, and encouraged all States to develop initiatives in this regard,[1]", "Recalling further its resolutions 62/171 of 18 December 2007, 63/173 of 18 December 2008 and 64/82 of 10 December 2009 on the International Year of Human Rights Learning and its follow‑up,", "Welcoming Human Rights Council resolution 15/11 of 30 September 2010,[2] in which the Council decided on the plan of action for the second phase (2010–2014) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education, and stressing the complementarity of human rights learning and human rights education,", "Acknowledging that civil society, academia, the private sector, the media and, where appropriate, parliamentarians can play an important role at the national, regional and international levels in the development and facilitation of ways and means to promote and implement learning about human rights as a way of life at the community level,", "Convinced that integrating human rights learning into all relevant development policies and programmes contributes to enabling people to participate as equals in the decisions that determine their lives,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary‑General,[3]", "1. Reaffirms its conviction that every woman, man, youth and child can realize his or her full human potential by, inter alia, learning about the comprehensive framework of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the ability to act on that knowledge in order to ensure the effective realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all;", "2. Encourages Member States to expand on efforts made beyond the International Year of Human Rights Learning and to consider devoting the financial and human resources necessary to further design and implement international, regional, national and local long‑term human rights learning programmes of action aimed at broad‑based and sustained human rights learning at all levels, in coordination with civil society, the media, the private sector, academia, parliamentarians and regional organizations, including the appropriate specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, and, where possible, to designate human rights cities;", "3. Calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council to support, cooperate and collaborate closely with civil society, the private sector, academia, regional organizations, the media and other relevant stakeholders, as well as with organizations, programmes and funds of the United Nations system, and relevant networks and bodies such as the Alliance of Civilizations, the United Nations Global Compact and the United Nations Office for Partnerships in efforts to develop, in particular, the design of strategies and international, regional, national and local programmes of action aimed at broad‑based and sustained human rights learning at all levels;", "4. Welcomes the adoption by the Human Rights Council of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training,[4] and stresses the complementarity of human rights learning and the Declaration;", "5. Encourages civil society organizations worldwide, in particular those working at the community level, to integrate human rights learning into dialogue and consciousness‑raising programmes with groups working on education, development, poverty eradication, participation, children, indigenous peoples, gender equality, persons with disabilities, elder persons and migrants, as well as on other relevant political, civil, economic, social and cultural issues of concern;", "6. Encourages relevant actors in civil society, including sociologists, anthropologists, members of academia and of the media and community leaders, to join in further developing the concept of human rights learning as a way to promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all;", "7. Invites relevant treaty bodies to take human rights learning into account in their interaction with States parties;", "8. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1, para. 131.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/53/Add.1), chap. II.", "[3]  A/66/225.", "[4]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. I, resolution 16/1, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/462/Add.2)]", "Follow-up to the International Year of Human Rights Learning", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the promotion and encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,", "Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent, and that human rights learning can promote understanding of the relevance of human rights and people's daily lives,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006, in which it decided that the Human Rights Council should, inter alia, promote human rights education and learning and advisory services, technical assistance and capacity-building,", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in which Heads of State and Government expressed support for the promotion of human rights education and learning at all levels, including, where appropriate, the implementation of the World Programme for Human Rights Education, and encouraged all States to develop initiatives in this regard,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolutions 62/171 of 18 December 2007 on the International Year of Human Rights Learning and its follow-up, 63/173 of 18 December 2008 and 6482 of 10 December 2009,", "Welcoming Human Rights Council resolution 15/11 of 30 September 2010, [2] in which the Council established the Plan of Action for the second phase of the World Programme for Human Rights Education (2010-2014), emphasizing the complementarity between human rights learning and human rights education,", "Recognizing that civil society, academia, the private sector and the media, where appropriate, include parliamentarians, can play an important role in helping to develop and implement approaches at the national, regional and international levels to promote and implement human rights learning, as a way of life for local communities,", "Convinced that integrating human rights learning into all relevant development policies and programmes will contribute to equal participation in decision-making that will determine the fate of their lives,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General, [3]", "Reaffirms its conviction that all women, men, young people and children can fully realize their full potential through such means as a comprehensive framework for the understanding of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including by acting with this knowledge to ensure the effective implementation of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all;", "Encourages Member States to expand their efforts after the International Year of Human Rights Learning and to consider coordinating with civil society, the media, the private sector, academia and parliamentarians, as well as regional organizations, including appropriate specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, to allocate the necessary funds and human resources for the further development and implementation of the long-term human rights learning programmes of action at the international, regional, national and local levels, in order to carry out a broad-based and sustainable human rights learning at all levels and to designate human rights cities where possible;", "Calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council to strongly support networks and institutions, such as civil society, the private sector, academia, regional organizations, the media and other relevant stakeholders, the organizations of the United Nations system, programmes and funds, as well as relevant networks and agencies such as the Alliance of Civilizations, the United Nations Global Compact and the United Nations Office for Partnerships, and to work closely with them, in particular in efforts to develop strategies and international, regional, national and local programmes of action, in order to conduct broad-based and sustainable human rights learning;", "Welcomes the adoption by the Human Rights Council of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training, [4] and stresses the complementarity between human rights learning and the Declaration;", "Encourages civil society organizations around the world, in particular civil society organizations working at the community level, to integrate human rights learning into dialogue and advocacy programmes with groups working in education, development, poverty eradication, participation, children, indigenous peoples, gender equality, persons with disabilities, older persons and migrants and other political, civil, economic, social and cultural issues;", "Encourages relevant actors of civil society, including socialists, humanists, academics, members of the media and community leaders, to participate in the further development of the concept of human rights learning as a means to promote the full implementation of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all;", "Requests the relevant treaty bodies to take into account human rights learning in their interaction with States parties;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 60/1, para.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/65/Add.1), chap.", "[3] A/statement 25.", "[4] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. I, resolution 16/1, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.3)通过]", "66/174. 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况", "大会，", "重申联合国会员国有义务促进和保护人权和基本自由，履行根据各项国际文书承担的义务，", "注意到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国是《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[1] 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、¹ 《儿童权利公约》[2] 和《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[3] 的缔约国，", "确认朝鲜民主主义人民共和国参加了普遍定期审议进程，表示严重关切朝鲜民主主义人民共和国拒绝阐述其立场，说明支持2010年3月通过的对其普遍定期审议结果报告[4] 中的哪些建议，遗憾地注意到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国仍然没有采取行动落实报告中的建议，", "回顾朝鲜民主主义人民共和国已加入的四项条约下所设条约监测机构的结论意见，", "赞赏地注意到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府与联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织协作改善该国卫生状况，并与联合国儿童基金会协作提高儿童教育质量，", "注意到关于小规模恢复联合国开发计划署在朝鲜民主主义人民共和国境内活动的决定，并鼓励该国政府与国际社会接触，以确保各方案有益于需要援助的人，", "又注意到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府与世界粮食计划署、联合国儿童基金会和联合国粮食及农业组织合作在该国境内开展快速粮食保障评估，而且与世界粮食计划署签署了谅解书，强调进一步放宽对联合国所有实体的准入非常重要，", "回顾大会2005年12月16日第60/173号、2006年12月19日第61/174号、2007年12月18日第62/167号、2008年12月18日第63/190号、2009年12月18日第64/175号和2010年12月21日第65/225号决议，人权委员会2003年4月16日第2003/10号、[5] 2004年4月15日第2004/13号[6] 和2005年4月14日第2005/11号决议，[7] 人权理事会2006年6月30日第1/102号决定[8] 及2008年3月27日第7/15号、[9] 2009年3月26日第10/16号、[10] 2010年3月25日第13/14号[11] 和2011年3月24日第16/8号决议，[12] 并意识到国际社会有必要加强协调努力，以使这些决议得到执行，", "表示注意到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况特别报告员的报告，[13] 对特别报告员仍未获准访问该国、而且也未得到朝鲜民主主义人民共和国当局的合作感到遗憾，又表示注意到秘书长依照第65/225号决议提交的关于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况的综合报告，[14]", "指出朝韩之间对话的重要性，可促进改善该国境内的人权和人道主义状况，", "遗憾地注意到边界两侧离散家庭的团聚被中断，这是全体朝鲜人民迫切关注的一个人道主义问题，希望尽早恢复离散家庭的团聚，并希望朝鲜民主主义人民共和国和大韩民国双方将为更大规模和更经常的进一步团聚做出必要安排，", "1. 表示非常严重关切：", "(a) 持续不断有报道指出，朝鲜民主主义人民共和国境内存在有步骤、广泛和严重侵犯公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利的情形，其中包括：", "㈠ 实施酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，包括不人道的拘留条件、公开处决、法外拘留和任意拘留；缺乏适当法律程序和法治，包括缺乏公正审判的保障和独立的司法机关；以政治和宗教理由判处死刑；集体惩罚；存在大量牢营，强迫劳动情况普遍；", "㈡ 对每一个希望在国内自由往来和出国旅行的人施加限制，包括处罚未经许可离境或试图离境的人或其家属，以及处罚被其他国家送回的人；", "㈢ 被逐回或送回朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的难民和寻求庇难者处境艰难，被遣返回国的朝鲜民主主义人民共和国公民受到惩罚，以致遭拘留、酷刑、残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或死刑；为此强烈敦促所有国家尊重不驱回的基本原则，善待寻求避难者，并确保他们无阻碍地接触联合国难民事务高级专员及其办事处，以保护寻求避难者的人权；再次敦促各缔约国履行根据1951年《关于难民地位的公约》[15] 及其1967年《议定书》[16] 而对朝鲜民主主义人民共和国难民所承担的义务，因为上述文书亦涵盖这些难民；", "㈣ 通过对行使意见自由和言论自由的个人及其家属进行迫害等方式，无处不在地严厉限制思想、良心、宗教、意见和言论、和平集会和结社自由、隐私权和获取信息的平等机会以及每个人直接或通过自由选出的代表参与本国公共事务的权利；", "㈤ 侵犯经济、社会和文化权利，导致朝鲜民主主义人民共和国民众，特别是包括妇女、儿童和老人在内的特别受影响群体严重营养不良，普遍存在健康问题，生活困苦；", "㈥ 继续发生侵犯妇女人权和基本自由的行为，特别是为卖淫或强迫成婚目的而贩运妇女，偷运妇女，强迫堕胎，性别歧视，包括经济领域的性别歧视，以及性别暴力和此种暴力行为继续不受惩罚等现象；", "㈦ 不断有报道指出，儿童的人权和基本自由受到侵犯，特别是许多儿童一直无法获得基本的经济、社会和文化权利，并在这方面注意到，回返或遣返的儿童、流落街头的儿童、残疾儿童、父母被拘的儿童、生活在拘留所或监禁设施内的儿童以及触犯法律的儿童等，尤其处于易受伤害的境地；", "㈧ 不断有报道指出，残疾人的人权和基本自由受到侵犯，特别是关于使用集中营和采取强制措施剥夺残疾人自由、负责任地决定生育几个子女和生育如何间隔的权利的报道；", "㈨ 侵犯工人权利，包括没有按照朝鲜民主主义人民共和国根据《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》¹ 承担的义务，尊重自由结社和集体谈判的权利和罢工的权利，也没有按照朝鲜民主主义人民共和国根据《儿童权利公约》² 承担的义务，禁止对儿童进行经济剥削或禁止让儿童从事有害或危险的工作；", "(b) 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府继续拒绝承认朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况特别报告员的职权，也拒绝与其合作，尽管人权理事会第7/15、⁹ 10/16、¹⁰ 13/14¹¹ 和16/8号决议¹² 延长了特别报告员的任务；", "(c) 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府在人权理事会普遍定期审议后继续拒绝说明它支持哪些建议，也拒绝表示承诺落实建议；对该政府迄今未采取行动落实审议最后结果中的建议⁴ 感到遗憾；", "2. 重申非常严重关切以强迫失踪形式出现的绑架问题仍未解决，此种绑架行为侵害了其他主权国家国民的人权，令国际社会关注，并在这方面强烈呼吁朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府通过现有渠道等途径，以透明的方式紧急解决这些问题，包括确保立即送回被绑架者；", "3. 表示极为深切关注该国危险的人道主义状况，包括粮食供应和获取情况的严重恶化，部分原因是自然灾害频发，加上粮食严重短缺造成农业生产中存在结构性缺陷，而且国家日益限制粮食种植和食品交易，特别是最脆弱群体、孕妇、婴儿和老年人中普遍存在长期严重营养不良现象，这种情况尽管有所改善，却仍然影响众多儿童的身心发育；在这方面敦促朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府采取预防和补救行动，必要时依照国际监测人道主义援助的标准，与国际捐助机构合作；", "4. 赞扬特别报告员迄今开展的活动，并赞扬他在信息获取受限的情况下，仍不断努力执行任务；", "5. 强烈敦促朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府充分尊重一切人权和基本自由，并在这方面：", "(a) 除其他外，全面执行上文所述的大会、人权委员会和人权理事会决议规定的措施，落实人权理事会根据普遍定期审议和联合国特别程序和条约机构向朝鲜民主主义人民共和国提出的建议，立即停止上述有步骤、广泛和严重的侵犯人权行为；", "(b) 保护居民，处理有罪不罚问题，并确保把应对侵犯人权行为负责的人交付独立司法机构审判；", "(c) 消除难民外流的根源，起诉那些以偷运人口、贩运人口和敲诈等手段剥削难民的人，同时不把受害人视为罪犯论处，并确保被驱回或送回朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的朝鲜民主主义人民共和国公民能够安全和有尊严地返回，受到善待，不受任何形式的处罚；", "(d) 与特别报告员充分合作，包括允许特别报告员完全自由无阻地进入朝鲜民主主义人民共和国，并且与联合国其他人权机制充分合作，以便对人权状况进行充分的需求评估；", "(e) 与联合国人权事务高级专员及其办事处一起参与高级专员近年来在人权领域开展的技术合作活动，以改善该国境内的人权状况，并努力落实人权理事会在普遍定期审议中提出的建议；", "(f) 与国际劳工组织开展合作以期大幅度促进工人的权利；", "(g) 继续并加强与联合国各人道主义机构的合作；", "(h) 遵守承诺，确保人道主义援助能够全面、安全和不受阻碍地进入，采取措施允许人道主义机构按照人道主义原则并根据需要而向该国各地公平提供援助，确保人民获取适足的粮食，并实行更有效的粮食安全政策，包括推广可持续农业、健全的粮食生产分配措施，增拨资金给粮食部门，确保对人道主义援助的充分监测；", "(i) 改善与联合国国家工作队和发展机构的合作，使他们能够依照国际监测和评价程序，直接促进改善平民的生活条件，包括在实现千年发展目标方面加快取得进展；", "(j) 考虑批准和加入其余国际人权条约，以便能够与各人权条约机构进行对话；", "6. 决定在大会第六十七届会议期间继续审议朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况，为此请秘书长就朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权状况提出全面报告，并请特别报告员继续报告其调查结果和建议。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[3] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[4] A/HRC/13/13。", "[5] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2003年，补编第3号》(E/2003/23)，第二章，A节。", "[6] 同上，《2004年，补编第3号》(E/2004/23)，第二章，A节。", "[7] 同上，《2005年，补编第3号》和更正(E/2005/23和Corr.2)，第二章，A节。", "[8] 见《大会正式记录，第六十一届会议，补编第53号》(A/61/53)，第二章，B节。", "[9] 同上，《第六十三届会议，补编第53号》(A/63/53)，第二章。", "[10] 同上，《第六十四届会议，补编第53号》(A/64/53)，第二章，A节。", "[11] 同上，《第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第二章，A节。", "[12] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53号(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[13] 见A/66/322。", "[14] A/66/343。", "[15] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第189卷，第2545号。", "[16] 同上，第606卷，第8791号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "66/174. Situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that States Members of the United Nations have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil the obligations that they have undertaken under the various international instruments,", "Mindful that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[1] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,¹ the Convention on the Rights of the Child[2] and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[3]", "Acknowledging the participation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in the universal periodic review process, expressing serious concern at the refusal of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to articulate its position as to which recommendations included in the outcome report of its universal periodic review,[4] adopted in March 2010, enjoy its support, and regretting the continuing lack of action by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to implement the recommendations contained in the report,", "Recalling the concluding observations of the treaty‑monitoring bodies under the four treaties to which the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a party,", "Noting with appreciation the collaboration established between the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Health Organization in order to improve the health situation in the country, and the collaboration established with the United Nations Children’s Fund in order to improve the quality of education for children,", "Noting the decision on the resumption, on a modest scale, of the activities of the United Nations Development Programme in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and encouraging the engagement of the Government with the international community to ensure that the programmes benefit the persons in need of assistance,", "Noting also the cooperation established between the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the World Food Programme, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for the purpose of conducting a rapid food security assessment in the country, as well as the letter of understanding signed with the World Food Programme, and emphasizing the importance of providing further access to all United Nations entities,", "Recalling its resolutions 60/173 of 16 December 2005, 61/174 of 19 December 2006, 62/167 of 18 December 2007, 63/190 of 18 December 2008, 64/175 of 18 December 2009 and 65/225 of 21 December 2010, Commission on Human Rights resolutions 2003/10 of 16 April 2003,[5] 2004/13 of 15 April 2004[6] and 2005/11 of 14 April 2005,[7] Human Rights Council decision 1/102 of 30 June 2006[8] and Council resolutions 7/15 of 27 March 2008,[9] 10/16 of 26 March 2009,[10] 13/14 of 25 March 2010[11] and 16/8 of 24 March 2011,[12] and mindful of the need for the international community to strengthen its coordinated efforts aimed at achieving the implementation of those resolutions,", "Taking note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,[13] regretting that he still has not been allowed to visit the country and that he received no cooperation from the authorities of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and taking note also of the comprehensive report of the Secretary‑General on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea submitted in accordance with resolution 65/225,[14]", "Noting the importance of the inter‑Korean dialogue, which could contribute to the improvement of the human rights and humanitarian situation in the country,", "Noting with regret that the reunion of separated families across the border, which is an urgent humanitarian concern of the entire Korean people, has been halted, and hoping that it will be resumed as early as possible and that necessary arrangements for further reunions on a larger scale and a regular basis will be made between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea,", "1. Expresses its very serious concern at:", "(a) The persistence of continuing reports of systematic, widespread and grave violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including:", "(i) Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including inhuman conditions of detention, public executions, extrajudicial and arbitrary detention; the absence of due process and the rule of law, including fair trial guarantees and an independent judiciary; the imposition of the death penalty for political and religious reasons; collective punishments; and the existence of a large number of prison camps and the extensive use of forced labour;", "(ii) Limitations imposed on every person who wishes to move freely within the country and travel abroad, including the punishment of those who leave or try to leave the country without permission, or their families, as well as punishment of persons who are returned;", "(iii) The situation of refugees and asylum‑seekers expelled or returned to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and sanctions imposed on citizens of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who have been repatriated from abroad, leading to punishments of internment, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or the death penalty, and in this regard strongly urges all States to respect the fundamental principle of non‑refoulement, to treat those who seek refuge humanely and to ensure unhindered access to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and his Office, with a view to protecting the human rights of those who seek refuge, and once again urges States parties to comply with their obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[15] and the 1967 Protocol thereto[16] in relation to refugees from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who are covered by those instruments;", "(iv) All‑pervasive and severe restrictions on the freedoms of thought, conscience, religion, opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, the right to privacy and equal access to information, by such means as the persecution of individuals exercising their freedom of opinion and expression, and their families, and the right of everyone to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, of his or her country;", "(v) The violations of economic, social and cultural rights, which have led to severe malnutrition, widespread health problems and other hardship for the population in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in particular for persons belonging to particularly exposed groups, inter alia, women, children and the elderly;", "(vi) Continuing violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of women, in particular the trafficking of women for the purpose of prostitution or forced marriage and the subjection of women to human smuggling, forced abortions, gender‑based discrimination, including in the economic sphere, and gender‑based violence and continuing impunity for such violence;", "(vii) Continuing reports of violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of children, in particular the continued lack of access to basic economic, social and cultural rights for many children, and in this regard notes the particularly vulnerable situation faced by, inter alia, returned or repatriated children, street children, children with disabilities, children whose parents are detained, children living in detention or in institutions and children in conflict with the law;", "(viii) Continuing reports of violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities, especially on the use of collective camps and of coercive measures that target the rights of persons with disabilities to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children;", "(ix) Violations of workers’ rights, including the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, the right to strike as defined by the obligations of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,¹ and the prohibition of the economic exploitation of children and of any harmful or hazardous work of children as defined by the obligations of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea under the Convention on the Rights of the Child;²", "(b) The continued refusal of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to recognize the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or to extend cooperation to him, despite the renewal of the mandate by the Human Rights Council in its resolutions 7/15,⁹ 10/16,¹⁰ 13/14¹¹ and 16/8;¹²", "(c) The continued refusal of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to articulate which recommendations enjoyed its support following its universal periodic review by the Human Rights Council or to express its commitment to their implementation, and regrets the lack of actions taken to date to implement the recommendations contained in the final outcome;⁴", "2. Reiterates its very serious concern at unresolved questions of international concern relating to abductions in the form of enforced disappearance, which violates the human rights of nationals of other sovereign countries, and in this regard strongly calls upon the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea urgently to resolve these questions, including through existing channels, in a transparent manner, including by ensuring the immediate return of abductees;", "3. Expresses its very deep concern at the precarious humanitarian situation, including a serious deterioration in the availability of and access to food, in the country, partly as a result of frequent natural disasters, compounded by structural weaknesses in agricultural production resulting in significant shortages of food, and the increasing State restrictions on the cultivation and trade in foodstuffs, as well as the prevalence of chronic and acute malnutrition, particularly among the most vulnerable groups, pregnant women, infants and the elderly, which, despite some progress, continues to affect the physical and mental development of a significant proportion of children, and urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in this regard, to take preventive and remedial action, cooperating where necessary with international donor agencies and in accordance with international standards for monitoring humanitarian assistance;", "4. Commends the Special Rapporteur for the activities undertaken so far and for his continued efforts in the conduct of his mandate despite the limited access to information;", "5. Strongly urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to respect fully all human rights and fundamental freedoms and, in this regard:", "(a) To immediately put an end to the systematic, widespread and grave violations of human rights mentioned above, inter alia, by implementing fully the measures set out in the above‑mentioned resolutions of the General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council, and the recommendations addressed to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by the Human Rights Council in the context of the universal periodic review and the United Nations special procedures and treaty bodies;", "(b) To protect its inhabitants, address the issue of impunity and ensure that those responsible for violations of human rights are brought to justice before an independent judiciary;", "(c) To tackle the root causes leading to refugee outflows and prosecute those who exploit refugees by human smuggling, trafficking and extortion, while not criminalizing the victims, and to ensure that citizens of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea expelled or returned to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea are able to return in safety and dignity, are humanely treated and are not subjected to any kind of punishment;", "(d) To extend its full cooperation to the Special Rapporteur, including by granting him full, free and unimpeded access to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and to other United Nations human rights mechanisms so that a full needs assessment of the human rights situation may be made;", "(e) To engage in technical cooperation activities in the field of human rights with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and her Office, as pursued by the High Commissioner in recent years, with a view to improving the situation of human rights in the country, and strive to implement the recommendations made in the universal periodic review by the Human Rights Council;", "(f) To engage in cooperation with the International Labour Organization with a view to significantly improving workers’ rights;", "(g) To continue and reinforce its cooperation with United Nations humanitarian agencies;", "(h) To ensure full, safe and unhindered access to humanitarian aid and take measures to allow humanitarian agencies to secure its impartial delivery to all parts of the country on the basis of need in accordance with humanitarian principles, as it pledged to do, and to ensure access to adequate food and implement more effective food security policies, including through sustainable agriculture, sound food production distribution measures and by allocating more funds to the food sector, and to ensure adequate monitoring of humanitarian assistance;", "(i) To improve cooperation with the United Nations country team and development agencies so that they can directly contribute to improving the living conditions of the civilian population, including accelerating progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, in accordance with international monitoring and evaluation procedures;", "(j) To consider ratifying and acceding to remaining international human rights treaties, which would enable a dialogue with the human rights treaty bodies;", "6. Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea at its sixty‑seventh session, and to this end requests the Secretary‑General to submit a comprehensive report on the situation in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to report his findings and recommendations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[4]  A/HRC/13/13.", "[5]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2003, Supplement No. 3 (E/2003/23), chap. II, sect. A.", "[6]  Ibid., 2004, Supplement No. 3 (E/2004/23), chap. II, sect. A.", "[7]  Ibid., 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/2005/23 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑first Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/61/53), chap. II, sect. B.", "[9]  Ibid., Sixty‑third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap. II.", "[10]  Ibid., Sixty‑fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[11]  Ibid., Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[12]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[13]  See A/66/322.", "[14]  A/66/343.", "[15]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[16]  Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the obligation of States Members of the United Nations to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil their obligations under international instruments,", "Noting that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1 the Convention on the Rights of the Child [2] and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [3],", "Recognizing the participation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the universal periodic review process, expressing grave concern at the refusal of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to elaborate its position on the recommendations contained in its report on the outcome of the universal periodic review adopted in March 2010, [4] and noting with regret that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea still has no action to implement the recommendations contained in the report,", "Recalling the concluding observations of the Treaty Monitoring Body established under the four treaties to which the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has acceded,", "Noting with appreciation the collaboration between the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations Children's Fund and the World Health Organization in improving the health situation in the country and in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund to improve the quality of education for children,", "Taking note of the decision on the small-scale recovery of the activities of the United Nations Development Programme in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and encouraging the Government to engage with the international community in order to ensure that the programmes are beneficial to those in need of assistance,", "Noting also that the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, in cooperation with the World Food Programme, the United Nations Children's Fund and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, undertook a rapid food security assessment in the country and signed an understanding paper with the World Food Programme, stressing the importance of further easing access to all United Nations entities,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 60/173 of 16 December 2005, 61/174 of 19 December 2006, 62/167 of 18 December 2007, 63/190 of 18 December 2008, 64/1 of 18 December 2009 and 63/225 of 21 December 2010, and decisions 2003/10 of 16 April 2003, [5] of 15 April 2004/13 [6] and 2005/11 of 14 April 2005, [7 July 2006] of the Human Rights Council and of 3 October 2009],", "Taking note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, [13] regretting the fact that the Special Rapporteur has not been permitted to visit the country and is not cooperating by the authorities of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and taking note of the comprehensive report of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea submitted pursuant to resolution 3925, [14]", "Noting the importance of dialogue between Japan and the promotion of the improvement of the human rights and humanitarian situation in the country,", "Noting with regret that the reunification of families on both sides of the border has been interrupted, a humanitarian issue of urgent concern to the entire people of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and expressing the hope that the parties in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea will make the necessary arrangements for a larger and more frequent further reunification,", "Expresses its grave concern at:", "(a) Ongoing reports indicate that there are steps, widespread and grave violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, including:", "(i) Execution of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including inhuman detention conditions, public executions, extrajudicial detention and arbitrary detention; lack of due process and the rule of law, including the lack of fair trial guarantees and independent judiciary; imposition of death on political and religious grounds; collective punishment; and the existence of a large number of jails and widespread forced labour;", "(ii) Restrictions on each person wishing to be free of charge and travelling abroad, including the punishment of persons or their families who have not been allowed to leave or attempt to leave the country, as well as those who have been returned to other countries;", "(iii) The situation of refugees who have been returned or returned to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and who seek refuge, the citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea who have been repatriated are punished for their detention, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; in this regard strongly urges all States to respect the basic principles of non-refoulement, to seek refuge and to ensure that they have unhindered access to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its offices in order to protect the human rights of asylum-seekers; and once again urges States parties to fulfil their obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees [16];", "(iv) The right of everyone to participate in national public affairs through, inter alia, persecution of persons exercising freedom of opinion and expression and their families;", "(v) Violations of economic, social and cultural rights resulting in severe malnutrition among the population of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, in particular women, children and the elderly, and widespread health problems and hardship;", "(vi) Continue violations of women's human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular trafficking in women for prostitution or for forced marriage purposes, smuggling of women, forced abortion, gender discrimination, including in the economic sphere, and continued impunity for gender-based violence and such violence;", "(vii) Recurrent reports of violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of children, in particular the fact that many children have been denied access to basic economic, social and cultural rights, and in this regard notes that children who return or repatriate, children living in the street, children with disabilities, parents detained, children living in detention or in detention facilities and children in conflict with the law are particularly vulnerable;", "(viii) Recurrent reports of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities, in particular reports of the use of pooled camps and the imposition of coercive measures to deprive persons with disabilities of their right to freely and responsibly determine how several children and births are spacing;", "(ix) Violations of the rights of workers, including the right to respect free association and collective bargaining and the right to strike, in accordance with the obligations of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1 and the prohibition of the economic exploitation of children or the prohibition of harmful or dangerous work of children, in accordance with the obligations of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea under the Convention on the Rights of the Child;", "(b) The Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea continues to refuse to recognize the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and to cooperate with him, despite the extension of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur by the Human Rights Council in its resolutions 7/15, 9 10/16, 10/1411 and 16/8;", "(c) The Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, after the universal periodic review of the Human Rights Council, continues to reject the recommendations it supports and rejects the commitment to implement the recommendations; regrets that the Government has not taken action to date to implement the recommendations contained in the final outcome;4", "Reaffirms its grave concern at the unresolved problem of abductions in the form of enforced disappearances, which violate the human rights of other sovereign States, and expresses its concern at the international community, and in this regard strongly calls upon the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to urgently address these issues in a transparent manner, including ensuring the immediate return of the abducted;", "Expresses its deep concern at the grave deterioration of the humanitarian situation, including food availability and access, in part because of the frequency of natural disasters, combined with severe food shortages, which have resulted in structural deficiencies in agricultural production, and at the increasing restrictions on food cultivation and food transactions, in particular among the most vulnerable, pregnant women, infants and the elderly, which, despite improvements, still affect the physical and mental development of many children; and in this regard urges the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to take preventive and remedial action, where necessary, in accordance with international standards for monitoring humanitarian assistance, to cooperate with international donor agencies;", "Commends the activities of the Special Rapporteur to date and commends him for his continuing efforts to carry out his mandate in the context of the limited access to information;", "Strongly urges the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to fully respect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and in this regard:", "(a) To fully implement, inter alia, the measures set out in the resolutions of the General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council referred to above, and to implement the recommendations made by the Human Rights Council to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in accordance with the universal periodic review and the United Nations special procedures and treaty bodies, which immediately cease the above-mentioned steps, widespread and serious human rights violations;", "(b) Protection of the population, addressing impunity and ensuring that those responsible for human rights violations are brought to justice by independent judicial bodies;", "(c) To eliminate the root causes of refugee outflows and to prosecute those who exploit refugees by means of smuggling, trafficking and extortion, without placing victims as criminals and ensuring that citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea who are refoulement or returned to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea are able to return safely and dignifiedly, subject to any form of punishment;", "(d) To cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur, including by allowing the Special Rapporteur to enter the Democratic People's Republic of Korea fully free and unhindered, and to cooperate fully with other United Nations human rights mechanisms in order to conduct a full needs assessment of the human rights situation;", "(e) Participation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and her Office in the technical cooperation activities carried out by the High Commissioner in the field of human rights in recent years to improve the human rights situation in the country and to work towards the implementation of the recommendations of the Human Rights Council in the universal periodic review;", "(f) Cooperation with the International Labour Organization with a view to substantially promoting the rights of workers;", "(g) Continue and strengthen cooperation with United Nations humanitarian agencies;", "(h) To comply with commitments to ensure that humanitarian assistance is fully, safe and unhindered, and to take measures to allow humanitarian agencies to provide equitable assistance to all parts of the country, in accordance with humanitarian principles and in accordance with the needs, to ensure that the people receive adequate food and to implement more effective food security policies, including the promotion of sustainable agriculture, sound food production distribution measures, additional funds to the food sector and to ensure adequate monitoring of humanitarian assistance;", "(i) Improve cooperation with the United Nations country team and development agencies to enable them to contribute directly to the improvement of the living conditions of civilians, including in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "(j) Consider ratifying and acceding to the remaining international human rights treaties to enable dialogue with human rights treaty bodies;", "Decides to continue its consideration of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea during its sixty-seventh session, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to report on his findings and recommendations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[4] A/HRC/13/13.", "[5] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2003, Supplement No. 3 (E/2003/23), chap.", "[6] Ibid., 2004, Supplement No. 3 (E/2004/23), chap. II, sect.", "[7] Ibid., 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/2005/23 and Corr.2), chap. II, sect.", "[8] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/61/53), chap.", "[9] Ibid., Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap.", "[10] Ibid., Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap.", "[11] Ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap. II, sect.", "[12] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect.", "[13] See A/63/322.", "[14] A/63/343.", "[15] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[16] Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.3)通过]", "66/175. 伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》以及《世界人权宣言》、[1] 两项国际人权公约[2] 和其他国际人权文书，", "回顾大会以往关于伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况的各项决议，最近一项为2010年12月21日第65/226号决议，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长依照第65/226号决议提交的报告，[3] 其中着重指出伊朗伊斯兰共和国境内人权状况出现进一步负面发展，并注意到伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况特别报告员根据人权理事会2011年3月24日第16/9号决议[4] 提交的报告，[5] 其中表示关切据报发生了针对少数群体的暴力和歧视行为并震惊地注意到有记录的处决人数出现剧增，其中包括在监狱内实施的秘密集体处决；", "2. 表示深为关切伊朗伊斯兰共和国境内不断反复发生各种严重侵犯人权行为，除其他外涉及：", "(a) 酷刑以及残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚，包括笞刑和断肢；", "(b) 在没有国际公认保障措施的情况下，死刑处决率继续居高不下且急剧上升，包括公开处决而无视前司法总监的通告禁令、秘密集体处决以及据报在未通知犯人家庭成员或法律顾问的情况下处决犯人；", "(c) 伊朗伊斯兰共和国继续违反其根据《儿童权利公约》[6] 和《公民及政治权利国际公约》² 所承担的义务，将未成年人和犯罪时未满18岁的人判处并执行死刑；", "(d) 违反国际法，对缺乏准确和明确定义的罪行，例如“与真主为敌”罪，或不足以构成最严重犯罪的罪行，判以死刑；", "(e) 绞刑做法仍被用作处决手段，而且尽管前司法总监已通告禁止石刑，被关押在监狱中的人仍继续面临石砸死刑；", "(f) 继续有步骤地针对人权维护者，除其他外包括律师、记者和其他媒体代表、因特网服务提供商和博客，他们因所从事的活动而受到恐吓、讯问、逮捕和任意拘留，尤其注意到人权维权中心的工作人员继续受到骚扰和拘留；", "(g) 两性不平等和暴力侵害妇女行为，包括性暴力行为普遍存在，继续镇压妇女人权维护者，对行使和平集会权利的妇女实施逮捕、暴力镇压和判刑，在法律上和实践中更加歧视妇女和女孩；", "(h) 继续歧视在族裔、语言或其他方面属于少数者，包括阿拉伯人、阿泽里人、俾路支人和库尔德人及维护其权益者等，并在其他方面侵犯他们的人权，有时甚至进行迫害，尤其注意到有报告指称阿拉伯人和阿泽里人受到暴力镇压和拘留，阿泽里领土上反对破坏环境的抗议活动遭到暴力压制，而且属于少数群体者被处死的比例很高；", "(i) 加紧迫害属于已获承认的宗教少数群体者，其中除其他外包括基督教徒、犹太人、苏菲派人、逊尼派穆斯林和琐罗亚斯德教徒以及维护其权益者，并侵犯他们的人权，尤其注意到对苏菲派人和福音派基督徒的大规模逮捕和拘留，以及关于对基督教牧师进行严判的报道；", "(j) 加紧迫害属于未获承认的宗教少数群体者，尤其是巴哈教徒，包括利用国营新闻媒体等手段，不断加紧攻击巴哈教徒及维护其权益者，并侵犯他们的人权，被逮捕和被拘留的巴哈教徒人数大幅增多，包括有针对性地攻击巴哈教教育机构，在经过漏洞百出的法律诉讼后对七名巴哈教领导人恢复执行二十年刑期，以及继续采取措施剥夺巴哈教徒在公私两类部门的就业机会；", "(k) 对参加2009年总统选举的反对党主要人士继续实施长期软禁；", "(l) 有步骤地持续对和平集会和结社自由以及意见和言论自由严加限制，包括对新闻媒体、政治反对派、人权维护者、律师、记者、因特网服务商、因特网用户、博客、教士、艺术家、电影制作者、学者、学生、劳工领袖和工会等伊朗社会各界人士严加限制；", "(m) 继续使用国家安全部队和受政府指挥的民兵强行驱散和平行使言论自由、和平集会自由和结社自由权的伊朗公民；", "(n) 对思想、良心、宗教或信仰自由权实行严厉限制和管制，包括对行使这一权利者实施任意逮捕、无限期拘留、长期囚禁，并任意拆毁礼拜场所和埋葬地；", "(o) 一贯不尊重适当法律程序，侵犯被拘留者权利，包括未经指控而拘押被告或将其隔离监禁，有步骤地任意采用长期单独监禁，不允许被拘留者接触自选的法律代理人，拒绝考虑给予被拘留者假释，而且监狱条件恶劣，包括严重拥挤和卫生状况差，另外不断有报告指出，被拘留者受到酷刑，包括强奸及其他形式性暴力，严刑审讯，其亲戚和家属受到压力，包括遭逮捕，以获取不实口供，然后用来作为法庭证供；", "(p) 国家机关继续违反国际法，任意或非法干涉个人隐私，尤其是家庭隐私，并干扰通信，包括语音和电子邮件通信；", "3. 表示特别关切伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府没有对2009年6月12日总统选举后发生的涉嫌侵权行为进行任何全面调查或责任追究，再次吁请该国政府对据报的侵犯人权行为展开可信、独立和公正的调查并终止对此类侵权行为有罪不罚的现象；", "4. 吁请伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府立即、无条件释放所有那些仅因行使和平集会权利和参加事关政治、经济、环境或其他问题，包括事关2009年总统选举的组织过程和结果的和平抗议而遭任意逮捕和拘留的人；", "5. 强烈敦促伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府确保在2012年举行能反映人民意愿、符合《世界人权宣言》、¹ 《公民及政治权利国际公约》和伊朗伊斯兰共和国已加入为缔约国的所有其他相关人权文书的自由、公平、透明和包容各方的议会选举，此外吁请该国政府允许包括民间社会和候选人等各方对选举过程进行独立观察，允许独立的地方和国际记者自由地对选举情况及其后政治发展进行观察和报道；", "6. 吁请伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府回应秘书长报告中重点提到的各项实质性关切和大会以往各项决议中要求采取行动的具体呼吁，在法律上和实践中充分履行人权义务，特别是：", "(a) 在法律上和实践中杜绝断肢、笞刑以及其他形式酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚；", "(b) 在法律上和实践中废止不尊重国际公认保障措施的公开处决和其他形式的处决；", "(c) 按照其根据《儿童权利公约》第37条和《公民及政治权利国际公约》第6条承担的义务，废止处决未成年人和犯事时未满18岁者；", "(d) 废止使用石刑和绞刑处决方式；", "(e) 在法律上和实践中杜绝针对妇女和女孩的一切形式歧视和其他侵犯人权行为；", "(f) 在法律上和实践中杜绝以任何形式歧视宗教、族裔、语言或其他方面属于少数的人士，不在其他方面侵犯他们的人权，而不论其地位是否得到承认，不因个人宗教信仰而对其进行监视，并确保少数群体在接受教育和就业方面享有与所有伊朗人相同的机会；", "(g) 消除在接受高等教育方面对妇女和某些群体成员，包括巴哈教成员的歧视和排斥，消除把为被拒于伊朗大学校门之外的巴哈教年轻人提供高等教育机会的努力定为刑事犯罪的做法；", "(h) 除其他外，落实宗教不容忍问题特别报告员1996年的报告，[7] 特别报告员在该报告中就伊朗伊斯兰共和国如何可让巴哈教徒享有自由提出了建议；此外，让2008年以来一直被关押的七名巴哈教领导人享有宪法保障的适当法律程序和权利，包括不受恐吓地充分获得法律代理和及时受到公正和公开审判的权利；", "(i) 终止骚扰、恫吓和迫害政治反对派、人权维护者、工会领袖、学生、学者、记者、其他媒体代表、博客、教士、艺术家和律师，包括释放被任意监禁或因政治见解而被监禁的人；", "(j) 终止对因特网用户和因特网服务商实行侵犯言论和结社自由权及隐私权的限制性措施；", "(k) 终止对新闻和媒体代表实行的限制性措施，包括有选择地干扰卫星广播的做法；", "(l) 终止使用国家安全部队和受政府指挥的民兵强行驱散和平行使言论自由、和平集会自由和结社自由权的伊朗公民；", "(m) 在法律上和实践中维护程序保障措施，以确保适当法律程序；", "7. 又吁请伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府按照有关促进和保护人权的国家机构地位的各项原则(“巴黎原则”)，[8] 加强国家人权机构；", "8. 还吁请伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府考虑批准或加入其尚未成为缔约方的国际人权条约，切实执行其已经成为缔约方的人权条约，撤回其在签署或批准其他国际人权文书时可能作出的过于笼统、不够精确或可能被认为不符合条约目的和宗旨的保留，并考虑就伊朗伊斯兰共和国已成为缔约国的国际人权条约所设机构通过的关于该国的结论意见采取行动；", "9. 欢迎任命伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况特别报告员；", "10. 吁请伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府积极利用机会，与特别报告员和其他国际人权机制充分合作，包括允许特别报告员不受限制地进入该国执行任务；", "11. 鼓励伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府继续探索在人权和司法改革方面与联合国，包括与联合国人权事务高级专员办事处合作；", "12. 表示深为关切伊朗伊斯兰共和国虽向所有专题特别程序任务执行人发出了长期有效的邀请，但六年来并没有满足这些特别机制提出的任何关于访问该国的要求，也没有回复这些特别机制多次函询中的绝大多数；强烈敦促伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府与这些特别机制充分合作，包括为其访问该国领土提供便利，使其能够对所有侵犯人权指控进行可信而独立的调查；", "13. 大力鼓励伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府在民间社会和其他利益攸关方充分、真正的参与下，认真考虑人权理事会在对其进行普遍定期审议时提出的所有建议；[9]", "14. 大力鼓励专题特别程序任务执行人，特别是法外处决、即决处决或任意处决问题特别报告员，酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚问题特别报告员，促进和保护意见和言论自由权问题特别报告员，和平集会和结社自由权问题特别报告员，人权维护者状况问题特别报告员，宗教或信仰自由问题特别报告员，法官和律师独立性问题特别报告员，暴力侵害妇女行为及其因果问题特别报告员，少数群体问题独立专家，任意拘留问题工作组，强迫或非自愿失踪问题工作组，法律上和实践中歧视妇女问题工作组，尤其注意伊朗伊斯兰共和国的人权状况，以期进行调查和提出报告；", "15. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议执行进展，其中应提出改进执行情况的办法和建议，并向人权理事会第十九届会议提交一份临时报告；", "16. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下继续审查伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] A/66/361。", "[4] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[5] 见A/66/374。", "[6] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[7] E/CN.4/1996/95/Add.2。", "[8] 第48/134号决议，附件。", "[9] 见A/HRC/14/12。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "66/175. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] the International Covenants on Human Rights[2] and other international human rights instruments,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most recent of which is resolution 65/226 of 21 December 2010,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General submitted pursuant to resolution 65/226,[3] which highlights further negative developments in the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran[4] submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 16/9 of 24 March 2011,[5] which notes concern over reports of targeted violence and discrimination against minority groups and alarm at a documented dramatic increase in executions, including secret group executions carried out inside prisons;", "2. Expresses deep concern at serious ongoing and recurring human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran relating to, inter alia:", "(a) Torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including flogging and amputations;", "(b) The continuing high incidence of and dramatic increase in the carrying out of the death penalty in the absence of internationally recognized safeguards, including public executions, notwithstanding a circular from the former head of the judiciary prohibiting public executions, and secret group executions, as well as reports of executions undertaken without the notification of the prisoner’s family members or legal counsel;", "(c) The continuing imposition and carrying out of the death penalty against minors and persons who at the time of their offence were under the age of 18, in violation of the obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the Convention on the Rights of the Child[6] and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;²", "(d) The imposition of the death penalty for crimes that lack a precise and explicit definition, including moharabeh (enmity against God), or for crimes that do not qualify as the most serious crimes, in violation of international law;", "(e) The practice of suspension strangulation as a method of execution, and the fact that persons in prison continue to face sentences of execution by stoning, notwithstanding a circular from the former head of the judiciary prohibiting stoning;", "(f) The continuing and systematic targeting of human rights defenders, including, inter alia, lawyers, journalists and other media representatives, Internet providers and bloggers, who endure intimidation, interrogation, arrest and arbitrary detention as a result of their activities, noting, in particular, the continued harassment and detention of staff members of the Defenders of Human Rights Centre;", "(g) Pervasive gender inequality and violence against women, including sexual violence, a continued crackdown on women’s human rights defenders, arrests, violent repression and sentencing of women exercising their right to peaceful assembly and increased discrimination against women and girls in law and in practice;", "(h) Continuing discrimination and other human rights violations, at times amounting to persecution, against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic or other minorities, including, inter alia, Arabs, Azeris, Baluchis and Kurds and their defenders, noting, in particular, reports of the violent suppression and detention of ethnic Arabs and Azeris, the violent repression of environmental protests in Azeri territory and the high rate of executions of persons belonging to minority groups;", "(i) Increased persecution and human rights violations against persons belonging to recognized religious minorities, including, inter alia, Christians, Jews, Sufis, Sunni Muslims and Zoroastrians and their defenders, noting, in particular, the widespread arrest and detention of Sufis and evangelical Christians and reports of harsh sentences against Christian pastors;", "(j) Increased persecution and human rights violations against persons belonging to unrecognized religious minorities, particularly members of the Baha’i faith, including escalating attacks on Baha’is and their defenders, including in State‑sponsored media, a significant increase in the number of Baha’is arrested and detained, including the targeted attack on the Baha’i educational institution, the reinstatement of twenty‑year sentences against seven Baha’i leaders following deeply flawed legal proceedings, and renewed measures to deny Baha’is employment in the public and private sectors;", "(k) The continuing and sustained house arrest of leading opposition figures from the 2009 presidential elections;", "(l) Ongoing, systemic and serious restrictions of freedom of peaceful assembly and association and freedom of opinion and expression, including those imposed on the media, political opponents, human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists, Internet providers, Internet users, bloggers, clerics, artists, filmmakers, academics, students, labour leaders and trade unions, from all sectors of Iranian society;", "(m) The continuing use of State security forces and Government‑directed militias to forcibly disperse Iranian citizens engaged in the peaceful exercise of freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly and association;", "(n) Severe limitations and restrictions on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, including arbitrary arrest, indefinite detention and lengthy jail sentences, for those exercising this right, and the arbitrary demolition of places of worship and burial;", "(o) Persistent failure to uphold due process of law, and violations of the rights of detainees, including defendants held without charge or held incommunicado, the systematic and arbitrary use of prolonged solitary confinement, the lack of access of detainees to legal representation of their choice, the refusal to consider granting bail to detainees, and the poor conditions of prisons, including the serious overcrowding and poor level of sanitation, as well as persistent reports of detainees being subjected to torture, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, harsh interrogation techniques and the use of pressure exerted upon their relatives and dependants, including through arrest, to obtain false confessions that are then used at trials;", "(p) Continuing arbitrary or unlawful interference by State authorities with the privacy of individuals, in particular in relation to private homes, and with their correspondence, including voicemail and e‑mail communications, in violation of international law;", "3. Expresses particular concern at the failure of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to conduct any comprehensive investigation or to launch an accountability process for alleged violations in the period following the presidential elections of 12 June 2009, and reiterates its call upon the Government to launch a process of credible, independent and impartial investigations into reports of human rights violations and to end impunity for such violations;", "4. Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately and unconditionally release all those who have been arbitrarily arrested and detained for simply exercising their right to peaceful assembly and participating in peaceful protests about political, economic, environmental or other issues, including the conduct and results of the 2009 presidential elections;", "5. Strongly urges the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure free, fair, transparent and inclusive parliamentary elections in 2012 that reflect the will of the people and are consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,¹ the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and all other relevant human rights instruments to which the State is a party, and calls upon the Government to allow independent observation, including by civil society and candidates, of the electoral process and to allow independent local and international journalists to freely observe and report on the elections as well as subsequent political developments;", "6. Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the substantive concerns highlighted in the report of the Secretary‑General and the specific calls to action found in previous resolutions of the General Assembly, and to respect fully its human rights obligations, in law and in practice, in particular:", "(a) To eliminate, in law and in practice, amputations, flogging and other forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;", "(b) To abolish, in law and in practice, public executions and other executions carried out in the absence of respect for internationally recognized safeguards;", "(c) To abolish, pursuant to its obligations under article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, executions of minors and persons who at the time of their offence were under the age of 18;", "(d) To abolish the use of stoning and suspension strangulation as methods of execution;", "(e) To eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls;", "(f) To eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against persons belonging to religious, ethnic, linguistic or other minorities, recognized or otherwise, to refrain from monitoring individuals on the basis of their religious beliefs, and to ensure that the access of minorities to education and employment is on a par with that of all Iranians;", "(g) To eliminate discrimination against, and exclusion of, women and members of certain groups, including members of the Baha’i faith, regarding access to higher education, and to eliminate the criminalization of efforts to provide higher education to Baha’i youth denied access to Iranian universities;", "(h) To implement, inter alia, the 1996 report of the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance,[7] in which he recommended ways in which the Islamic Republic of Iran could emancipate the Baha’i community, and to accord the seven Baha’i leaders held since 2008 the due process of law and rights that they are constitutionally guaranteed, including the right to adequate legal representation without intimidation and the right to timely, fair and open legal proceedings;", "(i) To end the harassment, intimidation and persecution of political opponents, human rights defenders, labour leaders, students, academics, journalists, other media representatives, bloggers, clerics, artists and lawyers, including by releasing persons imprisoned arbitrarily or on the basis of their political views;", "(j) To end restrictions placed on Internet users and Internet providers that violate the rights to freedom of expression, association and privacy;", "(k) To end restrictions on the press and media representatives, including the selective jamming of satellite broadcasts;", "(l) To end the use of State security forces and Government‑directed militias to forcibly disperse Iranian citizens engaged in the peaceful exercise of their rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association;", "(m) To uphold, in law and in practice, procedural guarantees to ensure due process of law;", "7. Also calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to strengthen its national human rights institutions in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (“the Paris Principles”);[8]", "8. Further calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to consider ratifying or acceding to the international human rights treaties to which it is not already a party, to effectively implement those human rights treaties to which it is already a party, to withdraw any reservations it may have made upon signature or ratification of other international human rights instruments where such reservations are overly general, imprecise or could be considered incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty, and to consider acting upon the concluding observations concerning the Islamic Republic of Iran adopted by the bodies of the international human rights treaties to which it is a party;", "9. Welcomes the appointment of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran;", "10. Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to positively avail itself of the opportunity to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur and other international human rights mechanisms, including by allowing the Special Rapporteur unfettered access to the country to carry out his mandate;", "11. Encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to continue exploring cooperation on human rights and justice reform with the United Nations, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights;", "12. Expresses deep concern that, despite the Islamic Republic of Iran’s standing invitation to all thematic special procedures mandate holders, it has not fulfilled any requests from those special mechanisms to visit the country in six years and has left unanswered the vast majority of the numerous and repeated communications from those special mechanisms, and strongly urges the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to fully cooperate with the special mechanisms, including facilitating their visits to its territory, so that credible and independent investigations of all allegations of human rights violations can be conducted;", "13. Strongly encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to seriously consider all of the recommendations put forward at its universal periodic review by the Human Rights Council,[9] with the full and genuine participation of civil society and other stakeholders;", "14. Strongly encourages the thematic special procedures mandate holders to pay particular attention to, with a view to investigating and reporting on, the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in particular the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Independent Expert on minority issues, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and the Working Group on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice;", "15. Requests the Secretary‑General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including options and recommendations to improve its implementation, and to submit an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its nineteenth session;", "16. Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  A/66/361.", "[4]  See A/66/374.", "[5]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[6]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[7]  E/CN.4/1996/95/Add.2.", "[8]  Resolution 48/134, annex.", "[9]  See A/HRC/14/12." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the two international human rights conventions [2] and other international human rights instruments,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the latest of which was resolution 63/226 of 21 December 2010,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 3926, in which [3], stresses further negative developments in the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 16/9 [4] of 24 March 2011, in which [5] expresses concern at reports of violence and discrimination against minorities and notes with alarm the dramatic increase in the number of documented executions, including the secret collective execution in prisons;", "Expresses deep concern at the repeated occurrence of serious human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran, inter alia:", "(a) Torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including flogging and amputation;", "(b) In the absence of internationally recognized safeguards, the rate of execution of the death penalty continues to be high and sharply increased, including public executions, disregard for the announcements of the former Chief of the Judiciary, secret collective execution and the reported execution of prisoners without notification of family members or legal counsel;", "(c) The Islamic Republic of Iran continues to violate its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child [6] and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 and to impose the death penalty on minors and persons under 18 years of age at the time of the offence;", "(d) In violation of international law, the death penalty is imposed on offences that are not accurately and clearly defined, such as “intrused as an enemy” or are not sufficient to constitute the most serious crimes;", "(e) The practice of hanging is still used as means of execution and, despite the announcement by the former Chief of the Judiciary that stoning has been prohibited and that those detained in prisons continue to face the death penalty;", "(f) Continue to take steps against human rights defenders, including, inter alia, lawyers, journalists and other media representatives, Internet service providers and blogs, who are intimidated, interrogated, arrested and arbitrarily detained for the activities undertaken, noting in particular the continued harassment and detention of staff of the Centre for Human Rights;", "(g) Gender inequality and violence against women, including sexual violence, continue to suppress women's human rights defenders, arrest, violence suppression and sentencing of women exercising their right to peaceful assembly, and increase discrimination against women and girls in law and in practice;", "(h) Continue to discriminate against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic or other minorities, including Arabs, Azeri, Philosops and Kurds and those defending their rights, and, in other cases, in violation of their human rights, and sometimes even persecution, noting, inter alia, reports that Arabs and Azeris people have been subjected to violence and detention, and that protests against the destruction of the environment in the territory of Azeri have been subject to violence and that the proportion of persons belonging to minorities has been killed;", "(i) To intensify persecution of persons belonging to recognized religious minorities, including, inter alia, Christians, Jews, Sufis, Sunni Muslim and cumberrodes and defenders of their rights, and to violate their human rights, paying particular attention to the large-scale arrest and detention of Sufisfi and Favangelists, as well as to reports of severe convictions of Christian pastorists;", "(j) To intensify the persecution of persons belonging to unrecognized religious minorities, in particular Baha'is, including through the use of State media, to continuously intensify attacks on Baha'is and those defending their rights and to violate their human rights, the significant increase in the number of Baha'is apprehended and detained, including targeted attacks on Baha'i educational institutions, the resumption of the 20-year sentences for seven Baha'is'is leaders following fifier legal proceedings, and to continue to take measures to deprive Baha'is of their employment opportunities in both public and private sectors;", "(k) The continued imposition of long-term soft bans on the main opposition parties participating in the 2009 presidential elections;", "(l) Steps continue to impose severe restrictions on peaceful assembly and association, as well as on freedom of opinion and expression, including severe restrictions on the various Iranian social groups, such as the media, political opposition, human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists, Internet service providers, Internet users, blogists, artists, film producers, scholars, students, labour leaders and trade unions;", "(m) To continue to use the national security forces and Iranian citizens under Government command to disperse peacefully to the exercise of the right to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association;", "(n) The imposition of severe restrictions and controls on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, including arbitrary arrests, prolonged detention, imprisonment and arbitrary demolition of places of worship and burial sites for those exercising this right;", "(o) Consistently not respecting due process of law, violations of the rights of detainees, including the detention of defendants or their solitary confinement without charge, the arbitrary use of long-term solitary confinement, the denial of access by detainees to self-selected legal agents, the denial of consideration of the release of detainees and the poor prison conditions, including severe overcrowding and poor health conditions, and continuous reporting that detainees are subjected to torture, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, severe interrogations, their relatives and families are subject to pressure, including arrest, for the purpose of obtaining evidence before the court;", "(p) The State organs continue to violate international law, arbitrarily or unlawfully interfere with the privacy of individuals, in particular the privacy of the family, and interfere with communications, including voice and e-mail communications;", "Expresses particular concern at the lack of any comprehensive investigation or accountability by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran for alleged violations committed following the presidential elections of 12 June 2009, and reiterates its call upon the Government to conduct credible, independent and impartial investigations into reported human rights violations and to put an end to impunity for such violations;", "Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately and unconditionally release all persons arbitrarily arrested and detained for peaceful protests involving political, economic, environmental or other issues, including those relating to the organizational process and outcome of the 2009 presidential elections;", "Strongly urges the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure that free, fair, transparent and inclusive parliamentary elections are held in 2012 that reflect the will of the people, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Islamic Republic of Iran, all other relevant human rights instruments to which the State party is a party, and calls upon the Government to allow independent observers for the electoral process, including civil society and candidates, and to allow independent local and international journalists to observe and report freely on the electoral situation and subsequent political developments;", "Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to respond to the substantive concerns highlighted in the report of the Secretary-General and the specific calls for action required in previous resolutions of the General Assembly to fully implement human rights obligations in law and practice, in particular:", "(a) Elimination of amputations, flogging and other forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in law and practice;", "(b) To repeal public and other forms of execution that do not respect internationally recognized safeguards in law and practice;", "(c) In accordance with its obligations under article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the execution of minors and persons under the age of 18.", "(d) Excluding the use of stoning and hanging executions;", "(e) Elimination of all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls in law and practice;", "(f) To eliminate, in law and in practice, persons belonging to a minority in any form to religious, ethnic, linguistic or other aspects of discrimination, without any other violation of their human rights, irrespective of whether their status is recognized, not subject to personal religion or belief, and to ensure that minorities enjoy the same opportunities as all Iranians in education and employment;", "(g) Elimination of discrimination and exclusion of women and members of certain groups in the area of higher education, including members of the Baha'a teaching, and elimination of the criminalization of efforts to provide higher education opportunities for young people who have been denied access to schools outside Iran;", "(h) To implement, inter alia, the report of the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance of 1996, in which the Special Rapporteur [7] made recommendations on how the Islamic Republic of Iran could grant freedom to Baha'is; and in addition, the right of seven Baha'i leaders who have been held since 2008 to enjoy constitutional guarantees, including the right to adequate legal representation and prompt and fair and public trials without intimidation;", "(i) End harassment, intimidation and persecution of political opponents, human rights defenders, trade union leaders, students, academics, journalists, other media representatives, blogists, artists, artists and lawyers, including the release of persons imprisoned for arbitrary detention or for political opinions;", "(j) End restrictive measures against Internet users and Internet service providers to violate the right to freedom of expression and association and the right to privacy;", "(k) End restrictive measures imposed on press and media representatives, including selective interference with satellite broadcasting;", "(l) To put an end to the forced dispersion of Iranian citizens who use the national security forces and Government-led militias to exercise their right to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association;", "(m) Maintenance of procedural safeguards in law and in practice to ensure due process of law;", "Also calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to strengthen national human rights institutions in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles);", "Further calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to consider ratifying or acceding to the international human rights treaties to which it is not yet a party and to implement effectively its human rights treaties to which it has become a party, to withdraw its reservations that may be made when signing or ratifying other international human rights instruments, and to consider taking action on the concluding observations adopted by the State party's international human rights treaties;", "Welcomes the appointment of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran;", "Calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to actively take advantage of the opportunity to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur and other international human rights mechanisms, including by allowing the Special Rapporteur to enter his mandate without limitation;", "Encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to continue to explore cooperation with the United Nations in the area of human rights and justice reform, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights;", "Expresses its deep concern at the fact that the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite the standing invitation extended to all thematic special procedures mandate holders, has not met any of the special mechanisms' requests for visits to the country for six years and has not responded to the vast majority of the numerous requests from these special mechanisms; and strongly urges the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to cooperate fully with those special mechanisms, including by facilitating their visits to the territory of the country so that they can carry out credible and independent investigations into all allegations of human rights violations;", "Strongly encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the full and genuine participation of civil society and other stakeholders, to give serious consideration to all recommendations made by the Human Rights Council in its universal periodic review; [9]", "Strongly encourages the mandate holders of the thematic special procedures, in particular the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the Special Rapporteur on peaceful assembly and association, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the independent expert on minority issues, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, the Working Group on Discrimination of Women in Law and Practice, with a particular attention to the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of the Islamic Republic of the Islamic Republic of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with a view to investigate and report;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, which should propose ways and recommendations for improving implementation, and to submit an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its nineteenth session;", "Decides to continue to review the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] Resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] A/63/361.", "[4] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[5] See A/63/374.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[7] E/CN.4/1996/95/Add.2.", "[8] Resolution 48/134, annex.", "See A/HRC/14/12." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.3)通过]", "66/176. 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国人权状况", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》，", "重申《宪章》、《世界人权宣言》[1] 和包括两项国际人权公约[2] 在内各相关国际人权条约的宗旨和原则，", "回顾人权理事会2011年4月29日S-16/1号决议，[3] 又回顾人权理事会2011年8月23日S-17/1号决议，³ 该决议设立了一个独立国际调查委员会以调查关于2011年3月以来阿拉伯叙利亚共和国境内违反国际人权法行为的所有指控，并对叙利亚当局不与调查委员会合作表示遗憾，", "欢迎阿拉伯国家联盟为处理阿拉伯叙利亚共和国局势所有各个方面而做出的一切努力以及阿拉伯国家联盟为确保落实其行动计划而采取的各种步骤，包括为制止一切侵犯人权行为和一切暴力行为而采取的步骤，", "表示关切叙利亚当局仍然不承诺充分、立即执行阿拉伯国家联盟的2011年11月2日《行动计划》，", "欢迎阿拉伯国家联盟2011年11月12日和16日针对阿拉伯叙利亚共和国局势发展所作的决定；", "表示深为关切叙利亚当局针对本国人民持续实施的侵犯人权行为和暴力做法，", "重申联合国所有会员国都有义务不在其国际关系中对任何国家的领土完整或政治独立进行武力威胁或使用武力，或实施不符合联合国宗旨的任何其他行为，", "1. 强烈谴责叙利亚当局持续、严重和有步骤的侵犯人权行为，例如任意处决、过度使用武力、迫害及杀戮抗议者和人权维护者、任意拘留、强迫失踪、使用酷刑以及虐待包括儿童在内的被拘留者；", "2. 呼吁叙利亚当局立即终止一切侵犯人权行为，保护本国人民，并充分履行其根据国际人权法所承担的义务；要求立即终止阿拉伯叙利亚共和国境内的一切暴力；", "3. 又呼吁叙利亚当局不再拖延地全盘执行阿拉伯国家联盟的《行动计划》；", "4. 请秘书长本着所担职能，根据阿拉伯国家联盟2011年11月12日和16日的决定，应要求向阿拉伯国家联盟驻阿拉伯叙利亚共和国观察团提供支持；", "5. 呼吁叙利亚当局执行人权理事会S-16/1号³ 和S-17/1号决议，³ 包括与独立国际调查委员会充分和有效地合作。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第一章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "66/176. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[1] and relevant international human rights treaties, including the International Covenants on Human Rights,[2]", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolution S‑16/1 of 29 April 2011,[3] and recalling also Human Rights Council resolution S‑17/1 of 23 August 2011,³ which established an independent international commission of inquiry to investigate all alleged violations of international human rights law since March 2011 in the Syrian Arab Republic, and regretting the lack of cooperation of the Syrian authorities with the commission of inquiry,", "Welcoming all efforts made by the League of Arab States to address all aspects of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, and the steps undertaken by the League of Arab States to ensure the implementation of its Plan of Action, including those aimed at ending all human rights violations and all acts of violence,", "Expressing concern about the continuing lack of commitment by the Syrian authorities to fully and immediately implement the Plan of Action of the League of Arab States of 2 November 2011,", "Welcoming the decisions of the League of Arab States of 12 and 16 November 2011 on the developments in respect of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic,", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing human rights violations and use of violence by the Syrian authorities against their population,", "Reaffirming that all States Members of the United Nations should refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations,", "1. Strongly condemns the continued grave and systematic human rights violations by the Syrian authorities, such as arbitrary executions, excessive use of force and the persecution and killing of protesters and human rights defenders, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, torture and ill‑treatment of detainees, including children;", "2. Calls upon the Syrian authorities to immediately put an end to all human rights violations, to protect their population and to fully comply with their obligations under international human rights law, and calls for an immediate end to all violence in the Syrian Arab Republic;", "3. Also calls upon the Syrian authorities to implement the Plan of Action of the League of Arab States in its entirety without further delay;", "4. Invites the Secretary‑General, in accordance with his functions, to provide support, if requested, to the League of Arab States observer mission in the Syrian Arab Republic, consistent with the decisions of the League of Arab States of 12 and 16 November 2011;", "5. Calls upon the Syrian authorities to comply with Human Rights Council resolutions S‑16/1³ and S‑17/1,³ including by cooperating fully and effectively with the independent international commission of inquiry.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant international human rights treaties, including the International Covenants on Human Rights [2],", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolution S-16/1 of 29 April 2011, [3] recalling Human Rights Council resolution S-17/1 of 23 August 2011,3 by which it established an independent international commission of inquiry to investigate all allegations of violations of international human rights law in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011 and regrets that the Syrian authorities do not cooperate with the Commission of Inquiry,", "Welcoming all efforts made by the League of Arab States to address all aspects of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic and the steps taken by the League of Arab States to ensure the implementation of its plan of action, including steps taken to end all human rights violations and all acts of violence,", "Expressing concern at the continuing commitment of the Syrian authorities to fully and immediately implement the Action Plan of 2 November 2011 of the League of Arab States,", "Welcoming the decision of the League of Arab States to develop the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic on 12 and 16 November 2011;", "Expressing its deep concern at the ongoing human rights violations and violence perpetrated by the Syrian authorities against its people,", "Reaffirming the obligation of all Member States of the United Nations to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State in their international relations or from any other act incompatible with the purposes of the United Nations,", "Strongly condemns the continuing, grave and systematic human rights violations committed by the Syrian authorities, such as arbitrary executions, excessive use of force, persecution and killing of protesters and human rights defenders, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, torture and ill-treatment of detainees, including children;", "Calls upon the Syrian authorities to immediately put an end to all human rights violations, protect their people and fully implement their obligations under international human rights law; and calls for an immediate cessation of all violence in the Syrian Arab Republic;", "Also calls upon the Syrian authorities to implement the Action Plan of the League of Arab States without further delay;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide support to the Observer Mission in the League of Arab States in the Syrian Arab Republic, in accordance with the decisions of the League of Arab States of 12 and 16 November 2011, as requested;", "Calls upon the Syrian authorities to implement Human Rights Council resolutions S-16/13 and S-17/1,3 including full and effective cooperation with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] Resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/177. 加强国际合作，对付犯罪活动所产生的非法资金流动的有害影响", "大会，", "关切各类跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[1] 所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)之间的联系以及这些犯罪对发展和在有些情况中对安全产生的影响，", "又关切跨国有组织犯罪集团正将其活动扩大到各经济部门，以期除其他外使各类犯罪所得合法化并将其用于犯罪目的，", "还关切跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)案件涉及的资产数额巨大，可能超过某些国家的资源，有可能削弱治理系统、国民经济和法治，在这方面特别铭记《关于开展国际合作以综合、平衡战略应对世界毒品问题的行动计划》[2] 第50段，", "意识到需要加强国际合作，有效预防、侦查并阻止跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动非法所获资产的国际转移，", "确认《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》、《联合国反腐败公约》、[3] 其他有关文书，包括1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》，[4] 以及联合国其他机构的相关决议，有助于形成一个预防和打击包括洗钱在内非法资金流动的全球框架，", "又确认《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》、《联合国反腐败公约》和1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》为缔约国预防和打击洗钱提供了基本的国际标准全球框架，", "回顾大会2010年12月21日关于加强联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案的第65/232号决议，尤其欢迎利用该方案的技术合作能力来预防和打击非法资金流动，", "又回顾第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会通过的《关于应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展的萨尔瓦多宣言》[5] 第23段，其中鼓励会员国考虑制定打击非法资金流动的战略或政策，", "感兴趣地注意到在有关区域和国际专门机构框架内开展的打击洗钱的工作，这些机构包括世界银行、国际货币基金组织、金融情报中心埃格蒙特集团、金融行动工作组、类似于该工作组的区域机构、经济合作与发展组织、国际刑事警察组织(国际刑警组织)和世界海关组织，", "又感兴趣地注意到联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室围绕打击洗钱、犯罪所得和资助恐怖主义行为全球方案开展的工作以及独立评估股对该全球方案的评估，", "深信技术援助能够对增强各国能力发挥重要作用，包括通过加强能力和机构建设，预防、侦查和阻止跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所产生的非法资金流动，", "意识到关于跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所产生非法资金流动的信息极为有限，有必要改进此类信息的质量、范围和完整性，", "注意到跨国有组织犯罪集团通过众多方法，包括通过非法贩运贵金属及相关原材料清洗犯罪所得，欢迎会员国和其他实体进一步调查研究这类方法，", "表示注意到联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室开展的分析工作，其中初步概括了新出现的不同形式犯罪活动及其对社会可持续发展的不利影响，", "感兴趣地注意到在关于就非法资金流动这一毒品经济关键问题开展工作的《巴黎公约》[6] 倡议框架内所作的各种努力，", "确认加强国家和国际措施以打击跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所得犯罪收益的清洗活动，将有助于削弱犯罪组织的经济实力，", "又确认对《联合国反腐败公约》执行机制进行审查对于防止非法资金流动和确立《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》的一种或数种可能执行机制很重要，", "意识到有必要加强国际合作，扣押和没收通过直接或间接实施犯罪包括通过走私现金产生的犯罪所得，", "1. 敦促1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》、⁴ 《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》¹ 和《联合国反腐败公约》³ 的缔约国充分实施这些公约的规定，特别是采取措施防止和打击洗钱活动，包括将清洗跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所得收益的行为定为刑事犯罪，并邀请尚未参加这些公约的会员国考虑参加；", "2. 鼓励会员国酌情充分落实适用的标准，以便采取全面的必要措施来防止和打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为；", "3. 敦促会员国根据本国法律，要求金融机构以及其他须遵守反洗钱义务的企业或任何专业人员迅速向主管当局报告有合理理由怀疑涉及跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所得犯罪收益的任何资金流动；", "4. 又敦促会员国考虑采取一切必要措施，特别是通过引渡或起诉，确保本国不会成为那些积累或藏匿跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所得犯罪收益或资助有组织犯罪或犯罪组织的被通缉逃犯的安全避难所，并敦促会员国根据本国法律和国际法规定的义务，在这方面相互充分合作；", "5. 鼓励会员国在从事与追查非法资金流动、清查跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动非法所获资产有关的调查、查询和诉讼方面尽可能最大程度地给予其他国家法律援助和信息交流；", "6. 又鼓励会员国根据本国法律和适用的条约，在与没收资产有关的调查和诉讼方面开展合作，包括通过承认和执行外国临时司法裁决和没收判决、管理资产以及执行资产分享措施来进行合作；", "7. 敦促会员国建立或在适用情况下加强国家金融情报专门机构，允许它们接收、获取、分析和传播与预防、侦查和阻止跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所产生非法资金流动有关的金融信息，并确保它们有能力根据相关的国内程序，为与有关国际合作伙伴进行此种信息交流提供便利；", "8. 又敦促会员国考虑采取相关的全球和区域举措，为追查跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)活动所得犯罪收益提供便利；", "9. 鼓励会员国考虑根据本国法律制度的基本原则并在本国法律框架内实行措施，在标的物资产经认定属于犯罪所得但无法进行刑事定罪的情况下，不经刑事定罪而没收资产；", "10. 认为国际麻醉品管制局审查1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》的执行情况对于预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会开展打击洗钱方面的工作也很重要；", "11. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室与会员国密切合作和协商并与相关国际组织合作，加强和简化关于跨国有组织犯罪的准确、可靠和可比数据的收集和报告工作并提高其效率；", "12. 吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续应请求向会员国提供技术援助，以加强它们收集、分析和报告关于跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)所产生非法资金流动的数据，并预防、侦查和阻止这类犯罪活动所产生的非法资金流动和洗钱；", "13. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续向会员国提供技术援助，以便根据联合国相关文书和国际公认标准，适当时也包括金融行动工作组等有关政府间机构的建议以及区域、区域间和多边反洗钱组织的相关举措，通过打击洗钱、犯罪所得和资助恐怖主义行为全球方案，打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义的行为；", "14. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室与会员国协商，继续对包括非法资金流动在内的跨国有组织犯罪展开研究；", "15. 吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室除其他外依照独立评估股在审查打击洗钱、犯罪所得和资助恐怖主义全球方案时所提建议，加强该全球方案；", "16. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室同参与对付跨国有组织犯罪(酌情包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所列的毒品贩运及相关犯罪)所产生非法资金流动的有害影响的其他相关国际和区域组织加强合作，以便提供这方面的技术援助；", "17. 邀请会员国和其他捐助方按照联合国的规则和程序，为上述目的提供预算外资源；", "18. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室执行主任向预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十二届会议报告为执行本决议而采取的措施和取得的进展。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[2] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2009年，补编第8号》(E/2009/28)，第一章，C节。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2349卷，第42146号。", "[4] 同上，第1582卷，第27627号。", "[5] 第65/230号决议，附件。", "[6] 见S/2003/641，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/177. Strengthening international cooperation in combating the harmful effects of illicit financial flows resulting from criminal activities", "The General Assembly,", "Concerned about the links between various types of transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[1] and their impact on development as well as, in some cases, on security,", "Concerned also that transnational organized criminal groups expand their activities to various sectors of economies with a view, inter alia, to legalizing proceeds of various types of crime and utilizing them for criminal purposes,", "Concerned further about cases of transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, that involve vast quantities of assets, which may exceed the resources of some States, and that may weaken governance systems, national economies and the rule of law, and bearing in mind in this regard, inter alia, paragraph 50 of the Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,[2]", "Conscious of the need to enhance international cooperation to effectively prevent, detect and deter international transfers of illicitly acquired assets resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Recognizing that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption[3] and other relevant instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988,[4] as well as relevant resolutions of other United Nations bodies, contribute to a global framework for preventing and countering the illicit flow of funds, including through money‑laundering,", "Recognizing also that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 provide a fundamental global framework of international standards for States parties for preventing and combating money‑laundering,", "Recalling its resolution 65/232 of 21 December 2010 on strengthening the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, and welcoming, in particular, the use of its technical cooperation capacity for preventing and countering the illicit flow of funds,", "Recalling also paragraph 23 of the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World, adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice,[5] in which Member States were encouraged to consider developing strategies or policies to combat illicit financial flows,", "Noting with interest the work undertaken in countering money‑laundering within the framework of relevant specialized regional and international bodies, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units, the Financial Action Task Force, regional bodies similar to the Task Force, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the World Customs Organization,", "Noting with interest also the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on the Global Programme against Money‑Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism and the evaluation of the Global Programme by the Independent Evaluation Unit,", "Convinced that technical assistance can play an important role in enhancing the ability of States, including by strengthening capacity‑ and institution‑building, to prevent, detect and deter illicit financial flows originating from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Aware that the availability of information on illicit financial flows resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is very limited, and aware of the need to improve the quality, scope and completeness of such information,", "Noting the many methods used by transnational organized criminal groups for laundering proceeds of crime, including through illicit trafficking in precious metals and the associated raw materials, and welcoming further research by Member States and other entities to study such methods,", "Taking note of the analytical work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, which provides a preliminary overview of different forms of emerging criminal activity and their negative impact on the sustainable development of societies,", "Noting with interest the efforts made within the framework of the Paris Pact initiative[6] regarding work on illicit financial flows as a key issue in the drug economy,", "Recognizing that the strengthening of national and international measures against the laundering of proceeds of crime derived from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, will contribute to weakening the economic power of criminal organizations,", "Recognizing also the pertinence of the review of implementation mechanisms for the United Nations Convention against Corruption to the prevention of illicit financial flows as well as to a possible mechanism or mechanisms for the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Aware of the need to enhance international cooperation in the seizure and confiscation of proceeds of crime derived from or obtained directly or indirectly through the commission of crimes, including by means of the smuggling of cash,", "1. Urges States parties to the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988,⁴ the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime¹ and the United Nations Convention against Corruption³ to apply fully the provisions of those Conventions, in particular measures to prevent and combat money‑laundering, including by criminalizing the laundering of proceeds of transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and invites Member States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to those Conventions;", "2. Encourages Member States to fully implement applicable standards, as appropriate, in order to adopt the comprehensive range of measures required to prevent and combat money‑laundering and the financing of terrorism;", "3. Urges Member States, in accordance with national laws, to require financial institutions and other businesses or members of any profession subject to obligations with regard to countering money‑laundering to report promptly to the competent authorities any funds transaction in which they have reasonable grounds to suspect that the assets are proceeds of crime and money‑laundering resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "4. Also urges Member States to consider taking all measures necessary to ensure that they do not provide a safe haven for wanted fugitives who have accumulated or are harbouring in their possession proceeds of crime derived from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, or who finance organized crime or criminal organizations, in particular by extraditing or prosecuting such fugitives, and urges Member States, in accordance with national laws and international law obligations, to fully cooperate with each other in this regard;", "5. Encourages Member States to afford other countries the greatest possible measure of legal assistance and information exchange in connection with relevant investigations, inquiries and proceedings related to tracing illicit financial flows and seeking to identify illicitly acquired assets resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "6. Also encourages Member States to cooperate in confiscation‑related investigations and proceedings, including through the recognition and enforcement of foreign temporary judicial orders and confiscation judgements, management of assets and implementation of asset‑sharing measures, in accordance with their laws and applicable treaties;", "7. Urges Member States to establish or, where applicable, strengthen national institutions specializing in financial intelligence by allowing them to receive, obtain, analyse and disseminate financial information relevant to preventing, detecting and deterring illicit financial flows resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and to ensure that such institutions have the ability to facilitate the exchange of such information with relevant international partners, in accordance with relevant domestic procedures;", "8. Also urges Member States to consider related global and regional initiatives to facilitate the tracing of proceeds of crime resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "9. Encourages Member States to consider implementing measures, in accordance with the fundamental principles of their legal systems and consistent with their national legal frameworks, for the confiscation of assets absent a criminal conviction, in cases where it can be established that the subject assets are the proceeds of crime and a criminal conviction is not possible;", "10. Considers that the review by the International Narcotics Control Board of the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is also relevant to the work of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in the area of money‑laundering;", "11. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in close cooperation and consultation with Member States and in cooperation with relevant international organizations, to strengthen, simplify and make more efficient the collection and reporting of accurate, reliable and comparable data on transnational organized crime;", "12. Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue providing technical assistance, upon request, to Member States, in order to enhance their capacity to collect, analyse and report data on illicit financial flows resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as well as to prevent, detect and deter illicit financial flows and money‑laundering resulting from such criminal activities;", "13. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue providing technical assistance to Member States to combat money‑laundering and the financing of terrorism through the Global Programme against Money‑Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism, in accordance with related United Nations instruments and internationally accepted standards, including, where applicable, recommendations of relevant intergovernmental bodies, inter alia, the Financial Action Task Force, and relevant initiatives of regional, interregional and multilateral organizations against money‑laundering;", "14. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue, in consultation with Member States, its research on transnational organized crime, including illicit financial flows;", "15. Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen the Global Programme against Money‑Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism, inter alia, in line with the recommendations made by the Independent Evaluation Unit in its review of the Global Programme;", "16. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen its cooperation with other appropriate international and regional organizations engaged in combating the harmful effects of illicit financial flows resulting from transnational organized crime, including, as appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences provided for in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, for the purposes of providing technical assistance in this regard;", "17. Invites Member States and other donors to provide extrabudgetary resources for these purposes, in accordance with the rules and procedures of the United Nations;", "18. Requests the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty‑second session on measures taken and progress achieved in the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[2]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2009, Supplement No. 8 (E/2009/28), chap. I, sect. C.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 1582, No. 27627.", "[5]  Resolution 65/230, annex.", "[6]  See S/2003/641, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "Enhanced international cooperation to address the negative impact of illicit financial flows arising from criminal activities", "The General Assembly,", "Concerned about the links between the various types of transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences, as contained in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the impact of such crimes on development and security in some cases,", "Also concerned that transnational organized crime groups are expanding their activities to the economic sectors, with a view to legitimizing and applying the various types of proceeds of crime for criminal purposes, inter alia,", "Concerned also about the large amount of assets involved in transnational organized crime (including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crimes under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime) cases, which may exceed the resources of some States, may undermine the governance system, the national economy and the rule of law, bearing in mind in particular paragraph 50 of the Action Plan on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,", "Aware of the need to strengthen international cooperation in effectively preventing, detecting and deterring the international transfer of assets illegally acquired by transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and related crimes, as appropriate, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Recognizing that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption, [3] other relevant instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, [4] and relevant resolutions of other United Nations bodies, contribute to the development of a global framework for preventing and combating illicit financial flows, including money-laundering,", "Recognizing also that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 provide the State party with a basic global framework for international standards for preventing and combating money-laundering,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 832 of 21 December 2010 on strengthening the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, and welcoming in particular the use of the technical cooperation capacity of the Programme to prevent and combat illicit financial flows,", "Recalling also the comprehensive strategy on addressing global challenges adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: the crime prevention and criminal justice system and its development in a changing world. 5] Paragraph 23, in which Member States are encouraged to consider developing strategies or policies to combat illicit financial flows,", "Noting with interest the efforts undertaken in the context of the relevant regional and international specialized agencies to counter money-laundering, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Centres, the Financial Action Working Group, regional bodies similar to the Working Group, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the World Customs Organization,", "Noting also with interest the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on the global programme on combating money-laundering, proceeds of crime and the financing of terrorism and the assessment by the Independent Evaluation Unit of the Global Programme,", "Convinced that technical assistance can play an important role in strengthening national capacities, including through enhanced capacity and institution-building, in preventing, detecting and preventing illicit financial flows arising from transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crime, as contained in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Aware that information on illicit financial flows arising from transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and related crimes, as appropriate, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is extremely limited and that it is necessary to improve the quality, scope and integrity of such information,", "Noting that transnational organized crime groups laundering proceeds of crime through a wide range of methods, including the illicit trafficking in precious metals and related raw materials, and welcoming further study by Member States and other entities of such methods,", "Taking note of the analytical work carried out by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, which initially outlines emerging forms of criminal activities and their adverse impacts on social sustainable development,", "Noting with interest the efforts made in the framework of the Paris Pact [6] initiative on key issues related to the illicit financial flows of drugs,", "Recognizing that the laundering of proceeds of crime resulting from the strengthening of national and international measures to combat transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crimes, as set out in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, will contribute to weakening the economic strength of criminal organizations,", "Recognizing also the importance of a review of the implementation mechanism of the United Nations Convention against Corruption to prevent illicit financial flows and to establish a possible implementation mechanism of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Aware of the need to strengthen international cooperation in the seizure and confiscation of proceeds of crime, including through the smuggling of cash, arising from direct or indirect offences,", "Urges States parties to the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988,4 the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime1 and the United Nations Convention against Corruption3 to fully implement the provisions of those conventions, in particular measures to prevent and combat money-laundering, including the criminalization of the proceeds of the laundering of proceeds of transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and related crimes, as appropriate, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and invites Member States that have not yet done so to consider participating in those conventions;", "Encourages Member States to fully implement the applicable standards, as appropriate, in order to take comprehensive measures necessary to prevent and combat money-laundering and the financing of terrorism;", "Urges Member States, in accordance with their national legislation, to request financial institutions and other enterprises or any professionals subject to the obligation to combat money-laundering to report promptly to the competent authorities any financial flows that suspected the proceeds of transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, the drug trafficking and related crimes listed in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "Also urges Member States to consider taking all necessary measures, in particular through the extradition and prosecution, to ensure that their country does not become a safe haven for the proceeds of crime arising from the activities of transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crimes, as set out in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, or for the financing of the fugitives of organized crime or criminal organizations, and urges Member States to cooperate fully in that regard, in accordance with their obligations under national laws and international law;", "Encourages Member States to provide, to the extent possible, legal assistance and information-sharing with other States in connection with the tracing of illicit financial flows, the identification of transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related offences, as contained in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "Also encourages Member States, in accordance with national legislation and applicable treaties, to cooperate in investigations and proceedings relating to the confiscation of assets, including through the recognition and implementation of foreign temporary judicial decisions and confiscation of judgements, the management of assets and the implementation of asset-sharing measures;", "Urges Member States to establish or, where applicable, strengthen national financial intelligence specialized agencies to allow them to receive, acquire, analyse and disseminate financial information related to the illicit financial flows generated by activities related to the prevention, detection and suppression of transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crime, as set out in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and to ensure that they are able to facilitate such information exchange with relevant international partners, in accordance with relevant domestic procedures;", "Also urges Member States to consider adopting relevant global and regional initiatives to facilitate the tracing of the proceeds of crime arising from transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and related crimes, as appropriate, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;", "Encourages Member States to consider the confiscation of assets without criminal conviction, in accordance with the basic principles of national legal systems and in the framework of their national legislation;", "Considers that the review by the International Narcotics Control Board of the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is also important for the work of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in countering money-laundering;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in close cooperation with Member States and in collaboration with relevant international organizations, to strengthen and streamline the collection and reporting of accurate, reliable and comparable data on transnational organized crime and to enhance its efficiency;", "Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, upon request, to strengthen their data on illicit financial flows arising from transnational organized crime, including, where appropriate, drug trafficking and related crime, as contained in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and to prevent, detect and deter illicit financial flows and money-laundering resulting from such criminal activities;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States to counter money-laundering and financing of terrorism, in accordance with the relevant instruments of the United Nations and internationally recognized standards, as appropriate, the recommendations of relevant intergovernmental bodies, such as the Financial Action Task Force, and relevant initiatives of regional, interregional and multilateral anti-money-laundering organizations;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in consultation with Member States, to continue its study on transnational organized crime, including illicit financial flows;", "Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen the global programme, inter alia, in accordance with the recommendations of the Independent Assessment Unit in reviewing the global programme on countering money-laundering, proceeds of crime and financing of terrorism;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to enhance cooperation with other relevant international and regional organizations involved in dealing with the harmful effects of illicit financial flows arising from transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and related crimes, as appropriate, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in order to provide technical assistance in that regard;", "Invites Member States and other donors to provide extrabudgetary resources for the above-mentioned purposes in accordance with the rules and procedures of the United Nations;", "Requests the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-second session on measures taken and progress achieved in the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2009, Supplement No. 8 (E/2009/28), chap.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 1582, No. 27627.", "[5] Resolution 8030, annex.", "[6] See S/2003/641, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/178. 为执行有关打击恐怖主义的国际公约和议定书提供技术援助", "大会，", "重申大会和安全理事会关于为打击恐怖主义提供技术援助的所有决议，", "再次强调需要加强国际、区域和次区域合作以有效预防和打击恐怖主义，尤其要根据请求国提出的需要和优先事项提供技术援助，以加强各国的国家能力，", "回顾大会2010年12月21日第65/232号决议，其中再次请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室加强对提出请求的会员国的技术援助，通过推动批准和执行关于恐怖主义的世界公约和议定书，加强在预防和打击恐怖主义领域的国际合作，", "又回顾其2010年9月8日第64/297号决议，其中重申《联合国全球反恐战略》，[1] 并强调联合国各实体间更大程度的合作和反恐执行工作队所做的工作非常重要，有助于确保联合国系统反恐努力的总体协调和一致性，此外也需要继续促进透明度和避免工作重复，", "还回顾第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会通过的《关于应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展的萨尔瓦多宣言》，[2]", "再次申明《联合国全球反恐战略》的所有方面，并重申各国需继续执行该《战略》，", "重申大会2010年12月21日第65/221号决议，", "又重申其第65/232号决议，其中除其他外表示深为关切在某些情况中一些形式的跨国有组织犯罪与恐怖主义之间存在联系，并强调有必要加强国家、次区域、区域和国际各级的合作，以加强针对这种不断变化的挑战的对策，", "再次申明会员国负有实施《联合国全球反恐战略》的首要责任，并确认需加强联合国所发挥的重要作用，即与其他国际、区域和次区域组织协调，促进国家、区域和全球各级执行该《战略》的一致性，并提供援助，特别是在能力建设方面，", "注意到均于2010年9月10日在北京举行的航空法国际会议表决通过的《制止与国际民用航空有关的非法行为的公约》[3] 和《关于制止非法劫持航空器的公约的补充议定书》，[4]", "1. 敦促尚未加入现有关于恐怖主义的国际公约和议定书的会员国考虑加入，并请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其任务授权范围内与反恐执行工作队各相关实体密切协调，继续向会员国提供技术援助，协助它们批准这些国际法律文书并将其融入立法；", "2. 敦促会员国按照国际法，包括《联合国宪章》，并酌情通过订立关于引渡和司法互助的双边和多边条约，继续加强国际协调与合作，以便防止和打击恐怖主义，并继续确保向所有相关人员提供开展国际合作方面的适当培训；请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室为此目的在其任务授权范围内向会员国提供技术援助，包括继续并加强提供与恐怖主义问题相关的国际法律合作方面援助；", "3. 强调必须根据适用的国际法，发展和维护公正和有效的刑事司法制度，作为任何打击恐怖主义战略的根本基础，并请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在为打击恐怖主义提供技术援助时酌情考虑到建设国家能力以加强刑事司法制度和法治所需的要素；", "4. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其任务授权范围内继续发展反恐领域和该办公室任务授权所涉专题领域的专门法律知识，并为提出请求的会员国提供对付恐怖主义，酌情包括对付核恐怖主义、资助恐怖主义、将互联网用于恐怖主义目的等问题的刑事司法对策方面援助，以及为恐怖主义受害人提供援助和支持；", "5. 吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其任务授权范围内继续与会员国协商拟订技术援助方案，以协助会员国批准和执行关于恐怖主义的国际法律文书；", "6. 又吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续向会员国提供技术援助，以便建立其批准和执行关于恐怖主义的国际公约和议定书的能力，途径包括应请求实施面向相关刑事司法官员的方案和培训、制定和参加相关举措以及编制技术工具和出版物；", "7. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室与反恐怖主义委员会及其执行局和反恐执行工作队进行协调，酌情加强与国际组织、联合国系统相关实体以及区域和次区域组织和安排在提供技术援助方面的合作；", "8. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续优先重视采取综合性方法，推广其区域方案和专题方案；", "9. 鼓励会员国酌情通过有效交流信息和经验等途径开展合作，切断恐怖主义与有关犯罪活动之间的联系，以加强反恐怖主义方面的刑事司法对策，吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其相关任务授权范围内应请求支持会员国的这方面努力；", "10. 表示感谢通过财政捐助等途径支助联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室技术援助活动的会员国，并邀请会员国考虑提供更多的自愿财政捐助和实物支助，尤其是鉴于有必要加强和有效提供技术援助以协助会员国执行《联合国全球反恐战略》¹ 的相关规定；", "11. 请秘书长向联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室提供足够资源，使其能在任务授权范围内开展活动，应请求协助会员国执行《联合国全球反恐战略》的相关内容；", "12. 又请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第60/288号决议。", "[2] 第65/230号决议，附件。", "[3] 以55票赞成、14票不赞成，通过。", "[4] 以57票赞成、13票不赞成，通过。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/178. Technical assistance for implementing the international conventions and protocols related to counter‑terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming all General Assembly and Security Council resolutions related to technical assistance in countering terrorism,", "Stressing again the need to strengthen international, regional and subregional cooperation to effectively prevent and combat terrorism, in particular by enhancing the national capacity of States through the provision of technical assistance, based on the needs and priorities identified by requesting States,", "Recalling its resolution 65/232 of 21 December 2010, in which it, inter alia, reiterated its request to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to enhance its technical assistance to Member States, upon request, to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism through the facilitation of the ratification and implementation of the universal conventions and protocols related to terrorism,", "Recalling also its resolution 64/297 of 8 September 2010, in which it reaffirmed the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy[1] and underlined the importance of greater cooperation among United Nations entities and of the work of the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force to ensure overall coordination and coherence in the counter‑terrorism efforts of the United Nations system, as well as the need to continue to promote transparency and to avoid duplication,", "Recalling further the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World, adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice,[2]", "Reiterating all aspects of the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy and the need for States to continue to implement it,", "Reaffirming its resolution 65/221 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also its resolution 65/232, in which it, inter alia, expressed deep concern about the connections, in some cases, between some forms of transnational organized crime and terrorism and emphasized the need to enhance cooperation at the national, subregional, regional and international levels in order to strengthen responses to that evolving challenge,", "Reiterating that it is the primary responsibility of Member States to implement the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy, and recognizing the need to enhance the important role that the United Nations plays, in coordination with other international, regional and subregional organizations, in facilitating coherence in the implementation of the Strategy at the national, regional and global levels and in providing assistance, especially in the area of capacity‑building,", "Taking note of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation[3] and the Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft,[4] both adopted by vote on 10 September 2010 at the International Conference on Air Law, held in Beijing from 30 August to 10 September 2010,", "1. Urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the existing international conventions and protocols related to terrorism, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, in close coordination with the relevant entities of the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force, to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States for the ratification and legislative incorporation of those international legal instruments;", "2. Urges Member States to continue to strengthen international coordination and cooperation in order to prevent and combat terrorism in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, and, when appropriate, by entering into bilateral and multilateral treaties on extradition and mutual legal assistance, and to ensure adequate training of all relevant personnel in executing international cooperation, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to provide technical assistance to Member States to that end, including by continuing and enhancing its assistance related to international legal cooperation pertaining to terrorism;", "3. Stresses the importance of the development and maintenance of fair and effective criminal justice systems, in accordance with applicable international law, as a fundamental basis of any strategy to counter terrorism, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, whenever appropriate, to take into account in its technical assistance to counter terrorism the elements necessary for building national capacity in order to strengthen criminal justice systems and the rule of law;", "4. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to continue to develop specialized legal knowledge in the area of counter‑terrorism and pertinent thematic areas of relevance to the mandate of the Office and to provide assistance to requesting Member States with regard to criminal justice responses to terrorism, including, where appropriate, nuclear terrorism, the financing of terrorism and the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, as well as assistance to and support for victims of terrorism;", "5. Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to continue to develop its technical assistance programmes, in consultation with Member States, to assist them in ratifying and implementing the international legal instruments related to terrorism;", "6. Also calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance for building the capacity of Member States to ratify and implement the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism, including through targeted programmes and the training of relevant criminal justice officials, upon request, the development of and participation in relevant initiatives and the elaboration of technical tools and publications;", "7. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in coordination with the Counter‑Terrorism Committee and its Executive Directorate and the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force, to strengthen its cooperation with international organizations and relevant entities of the United Nations system, as well as with regional and subregional organizations and arrangements, in the delivery of technical assistance, whenever appropriate;", "8. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to give high priority to the implementation of an integrated approach through the promotion of its regional and thematic programmes;", "9. Encourages Member States to cooperate and to address, as appropriate, including through the effective exchange of information and sharing of experiences, connections between terrorism and related criminal activities in order to enhance criminal justice responses to terrorism, and calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its relevant mandates, to support the efforts of Member States in this regard, upon request;", "10. Expresses its appreciation to Member States that have supported the technical assistance activities of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, including through financial contributions, and invites Member States to consider making additional voluntary financial contributions, as well as providing in kind support, especially in view of the need for enhanced and effective delivery of technical assistance to assist Member States with the implementation of relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy;¹", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to provide the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with sufficient resources to carry out activities, within its mandate, to assist Member States, upon request, in the implementation of the relevant elements of the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy;", "12. Also requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 60/288.", "[2]  Resolution 65/230, annex.", "[3]  Adopted by a vote of 55 in favour and 14 not in favour.", "[4]  Adopted by a vote of 57 in favour and 13 not in favour." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "Technical assistance for the implementation of the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming all resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council on technical assistance to counter terrorism,", "Stressing once again the need to strengthen international, regional and subregional cooperation in order to effectively prevent and combat terrorism, and in particular to provide technical assistance in accordance with the needs and priorities of requesting States to strengthen national capacities,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 832 of 21 December 2010, in which it reiterated its request to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism by promoting the ratification and implementation of the world conventions and protocols on terrorism,", "Recalling also its resolution 64297 of 8 September 2010, in which it reaffirmed the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, as well as the importance of greater cooperation among United Nations entities and the work of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, which will contribute to ensuring overall coordination and coherence in the counter-terrorism efforts of the United Nations system, and also the need to continue to promote transparency and avoid duplication of effort,", "Recalling also the comprehensive strategy on addressing global challenges adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: the crime prevention and criminal justice system and its declaration of development in a changing world, [2]", "Reiterating all aspects of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, and reaffirming the need for States to continue implementing the Strategy,", "Reaffirming General Assembly resolution 63/221 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also its resolution 832, in which it expressed, inter alia, its deep concern at the links between transnational organized crime and terrorism in some form, and stressing the need for enhanced cooperation at the national, subregional, regional and international levels to strengthen responses to such changing challenges,", "Reiterating the primary responsibility of Member States for the implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, and recognizing the important role that the United Nations plays, in coordination with other international, regional and subregional organizations, to promote coherence in the implementation of the Strategy at the national, regional and global levels and to provide assistance, in particular in capacity-building,", "Taking note of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against International Civil Aviation, adopted at the International Conference on Aviation Law, held in Beijing on 10 September 2010, and the Supplementary Protocol to the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, [4]", "Urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the existing international conventions and protocols on terrorism, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, in close coordination with relevant entities of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, within its mandate, to assist them in their ratification and integration into legislation;", "Urges Member States to continue to strengthen international coordination and cooperation in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, and, where appropriate, through bilateral and multilateral treaties on extradition and mutual legal assistance, in order to prevent and combat terrorism, and to continue to ensure appropriate training in international cooperation for all relevant personnel; and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to provide technical assistance to Member States, including by continuing and strengthening assistance in the provision of international legal cooperation related to terrorism;", "Stresses the importance of the development and maintenance of fair and effective criminal justice systems, in accordance with applicable international law, as a fundamental basis for any strategy to counter terrorism, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to take into account, as appropriate, the elements necessary for building national capacities to strengthen the criminal justice system and the rule of law, when providing technical assistance to counter terrorism;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to continue to develop specialized legal knowledge in the field of counter-terrorism and the thematic areas covered by the mandate of the Office, and to provide assistance to requesting Member States in dealing with terrorism, including, where appropriate, in criminal justice responses to nuclear terrorism, the financing of terrorism, the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, and to provide assistance and support to victims of terrorism;", "Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to continue to develop technical assistance programmes with Member States to assist Member States in ratifying and implementing international legal instruments on terrorism;", "Also calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States in order to build their capacity to ratify and implement the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism, including through the implementation, upon request, of programmes and training, development and participation of relevant criminal justice officials and the development of technical tools and publications;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in coordination with the Counter-Terrorism Committee and its Executive Directorate and the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, to strengthen, where appropriate, cooperation with international organizations, relevant entities of the United Nations system and regional and subregional organizations and arrangements for technical assistance;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to give priority to a comprehensive approach to the promotion of its regional programmes and thematic programmes;", "Encourages Member States to cooperate, as appropriate, through effective exchange of information and experience, to cut off the links between terrorism and related criminal activities in order to strengthen criminal justice responses in the area of counter-terrorism, and calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its relevant mandate, to support Member States in that regard;", "Expresses its appreciation to Member States that support technical assistance activities of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, including through financial contributions, and invites Member States to consider providing additional voluntary financial contributions and in-kind support, in particular in view of the need for enhanced and effective technical assistance to assist Member States in the implementation of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy1;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with adequate resources to enable it to carry out its activities within its mandate, and to assist Member States in the implementation of the relevant elements of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 60/288.", "[2] Resolution 8030, annex.", "[3] Adopted by 55 votes in favour and 14 votes in favour.", "[4] Adopted by 57 votes in favour and 13 votes in favour." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/179. 第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会的后续行动和第十三届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会的筹备工作", "大会，", "回顾其2001年12月19日关于联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会的作用、职能、间隔期和会期的第56/119号决议，其中规定了从2005年开始根据联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案的原则声明和行动纲领[1] 第29和30段举行预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会应当遵循的准则，", "强调联合国根据经济及社会理事会1948年8月13日第155 C(VII)号决议和大会1950年12月1日第415(V)号决议在预防犯罪和刑事司法领域承担的责任，", "肯定联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会作为主要的政府间论坛，通过推动国家、区域和国际各级交流观点和经验，动员公众舆论以及提出政策选择建议，对各国的政策和做法产生了影响并推动了这个领域的国际合作，", "回顾其2003年6月23日关于联合国经济和社会领域各次主要会议和首脑会议成果的统筹协调执行及后续行动的第57/270B号决议，其中着重指出，所有国家都应推动与联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议的承诺协调一致的政策，强调联合国系统负有重大责任，应当协助各国政府继续充分参与联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议所达成协议和所作承诺的后续行动和执行工作，并邀请其政府间机构进一步促进联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议成果的执行，", "又回顾其2010年12月21日第65/230号决议，其中核可了第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会通过的《关于“应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展”的萨尔瓦多宣言》，并请预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十届会议审议提高联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会所涉进程效率的各种备选方案，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[2]", "2. 再次邀请各国政府在拟订法律和政策指示时考虑到第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会通过的《关于“应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展”的萨尔瓦多宣言》[3] 及各项建议，并酌情作出一切努力，实施其中所载各项原则，同时顾及各自国家在经济、社会、法律和文化方面的具体情况；", "3. 回顾其2007年12月18日第62/173号决议，其中核可了2006年8月15日至18日在曼谷举行的联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会经验教训问题政府间专家组会议提出的建议；[4]", "4. 邀请会员国提供本国关于第十三届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会各讲习班的总主题、议程项目和议题的建议，并请秘书长向预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十一届会议报告会员国提出的建议；", "5. 建议为强化今后预防犯罪大会的成果而限制其议程项目和讲习班的数目，并鼓励举行以议程项目和讲习班为侧重点并与议程项目相互补充的会外活动；", "6. 请预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十一届会议核准第十三届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会各讲习班的总主题、议程项目和议题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第46/152号决议，附件。", "[2] E/CN.15/2011/15。", "[3] 第65/230号决议，附件。", "[4] 见E/CN.15/2007/6。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/179. Follow‑up to the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and preparations for the Thirteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 56/119 of 19 December 2001 on the role, function, periodicity and duration of the United Nations congresses on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders, in which it stipulated the guidelines in accordance with which, beginning in 2005, the congresses, pursuant to paragraphs 29 and 30 of the statement of principles and programme of action of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme,[1] should be held,", "Emphasizing the responsibility assumed by the United Nations in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice in pursuance of Economic and Social Council resolution 155 C (VII) of 13 August 1948 and General Assembly resolution 415 (V) of 1 December 1950,", "Acknowledging that the United Nations congresses on crime prevention and criminal justice, as major intergovernmental forums, have influenced national policies and practices and promoted international cooperation in that field by facilitating the exchange of views and experience, mobilizing public opinion and recommending policy options at the national, regional and international levels,", "Recalling its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow‑up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields, in which it stressed that all countries should promote policies consistent and coherent with the commitments of the major United Nations conferences and summits, emphasized that the United Nations system had an important responsibility to assist Governments to stay fully engaged in the follow‑up to and implementation of agreements and commitments reached at the major United Nations conferences and summits and invited its intergovernmental bodies to further promote the implementation of the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits,", "Recalling also its resolution 65/230 of 21 December 2010, in which it endorsed the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World, as adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and requested the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice to consider at its twentieth session options to improve the efficiency of the process involved in the United Nations congresses on crime prevention and criminal justice,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General;[2]", "2. Reiterates its invitation to Governments to take into consideration the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World[3] and the recommendations adopted by the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice when formulating legislation and policy directives and to make all efforts, where appropriate, to implement the principles contained therein, taking into account the economic, social, legal and cultural specificities of their respective States;", "3. Recalls its resolution 62/173 of 18 December 2007, in which it endorsed the recommendations made by the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Lessons Learned from United Nations Congresses on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its meeting, held in Bangkok from 15 to 18 August 2006;[4]", "4. Invites Member States to provide their suggestions in relation to the overall theme, the agenda items and the topics for the workshops of the Thirteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and requests the Secretary‑General to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty‑first session on the suggestions made by Member States;", "5. Recommends, in order to strengthen the outcome of future crime congresses, that the number of their agenda items and workshops be limited, and encourages the holding of side events that are focused on and complement the agenda items and workshops;", "6. Requests the Commission to approve at its twenty‑first session the overall theme, the agenda items and the topics for the workshops of the Thirteenth Congress.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 46/152, annex.", "[2]  E/CN.15/2011/15.", "[3]  Resolution 65/230, annex.", "[4]  See E/CN.15/2007/6." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "Follow-up to the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and preparations for the thirteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 56/119 of 19 December 2001 on the role, functions, duration and duration of the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, which provided for guidelines to be followed by the Conference on Crime Prevention and the Treatment of Offenders, beginning in 2005, in accordance with the Declaration of Principles and Programme of Action of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, paragraphs 29 and 30,", "Emphasizing the responsibility of the United Nations in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice, in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 155 C (VII) of 13 August 1948 and General Assembly resolution 415 (V) of 1 December 1950,", "Affirming that the United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, as the main intergovernmental forum, has an impact on national policies and practices and has contributed to international cooperation in this field by promoting the exchange of views and experiences at the national, regional and international levels, mobilizing public opinion and proposing policy options,", "Recalling its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields, in which it emphasized that all States should promote a coherent policy of commitment to the major United Nations conferences and summits, stressing that the United Nations system has a major responsibility and should assist Governments to continue to participate fully in the follow-up to and implementation of the agreements reached and commitments undertaken at the major United Nations conferences and summits, and invited their intergovernmental bodies to further promote the implementation of the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits,", "Recalling also its resolution 830 of 21 December 2010, in which it endorsed the Declaration on El Salvador, adopted at the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, on “Comprehensive strategy for addressing global challenges: crime prevention and criminal justice systems and their development in a changing world”, and requested the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, at its twentieth session, to consider options for improving the efficiency of the processes covered by the United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [2]", "Reiterates its invitation to Governments to take into account, when developing legal and policy directives, the El Salvador Declaration on “Comprehensive strategies to address global challenges: crime prevention and criminal justice systems and their development in a changing world”, adopted at the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice [3] and the recommendations, and to make every effort, as appropriate, to implement the principles contained therein, taking into account the specificities of their respective countries in the economic, social, legal and cultural aspects;", "Recalls its resolution 62/173 of 18 December 2007, in which it endorsed the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Lessons Learned at the United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, held in Bangkok from 15 to 18 August 2006; [4]", "Invites Member States to provide their national recommendations on the overall themes, agenda items and topics of the workshops of the United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-first session on the recommendations of Member States;", "Recommends that the number of its agenda items and workshops be limited to the outcomes of future congresses, and encourages the holding of side events that focus on agenda items and workshops and complement each other's agenda items;", "Requests the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, at its twenty-first session, to approve the overall themes, agenda items and topics of the workshops of the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "46/152, annex.", "[2] E/CN.15 (2009).", "[3] Resolution 8030, annex.", "See E/CN.15/2007/6." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/180. 加强预防犯罪和刑事司法对策以保护文化财产，尤其是防止文化财产被贩运", "大会，", "回顾其关于将文化财产返还或归还原主国的2003年12月3日第58/17号、2006年12月4日第61/52号和2009年12月7日第64/78号决议，经济及社会理事会题为“防止侵犯各民族动产形式文化遗产的犯罪行为”的2003年7月22日第2003/29号、题为“保护文化财产免遭贩运”的2004年7月21日第2004/34号和2008年7月24日第2008/23号及题为“保护文化财产尤其使之免遭贩运的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策”的2010年7月22日第2010/19号决议，以及《关于应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展的萨尔瓦多宣言》，[1]", "又回顾大会2000年11月15日第55/25号决议通过的《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[2] 和2003年10月31日第58/4号决议通过的《联合国反腐败公约》，[3]", "还回顾联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会1970年11月14日通过的《关于禁止和防止非法进出口文化财产和非法转让其所有权的方法的公约》、[4] 国际统一私法协会1995年6月24日通过的《关于被盗或非法出口文物的公约》、[5] 1954年5月14日在海牙订立的《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的公约》[6] 及1954年5月14日⁶ 和1999年3月26日[7] 通过的该公约两项议定书，并重申尚未批准或加入这些国际文书的国家有必要考虑批准或加入，缔约国则有必要予以执行，", "重申文化财产作为人类共同遗产的组成部分及民族文化和特征的独特重要证据，具有重要意义，有必要加以保护，为此重申需要加强国际合作，从所有方面防止、起诉和惩治贩运文化财产的行为，", "关切对被盗、被掠夺和被非法进出口的文化财产的需求不断增加，进一步助长了掠夺、毁坏、转移、盗窃和贩运此类独特财产的行为，并确认需要采取紧急、相应的法律和行政措施来阻止市场中对非法获得的文化财产的需求，", "震惊有组织犯罪集团越来越多地涉足所有各种形式和方面的贩运文化财产及相关犯罪活动，注意到文化财产正越来越多地通过市场被出售，包括拍卖，特别是通过互联网，而且，在现代尖端技术的帮助下，此类财产正遭到非法挖掘和非法进出口，", "邀请会员国保护文化财产，防止文化财产被贩运，为此实行适当法律，尤其包括有关扣押、追回和归还的程序，推动宣传教育，发起提高认识运动，查找此类财产并编制财产清单，采取适当的安保措施，发展警察、海关等监测机构和旅游部门的能力和人力资源，发动媒体并传播关于偷盗和掠夺文化财产行为的信息，", "肯定联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案网国际科学和专业咨询委员会在这一领域的重要贡献，", "确认预防犯罪和刑事司法对策对于全面、有效打击一切形式和方面的贩运文化财产及相关犯罪活动具有不可或缺的作用，", "1. 欢迎经济及社会理事会第2010/19号决议和2010年10月22日在维也纳举行的联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约缔约方会议第五届会议通过的题为“打击涉及文化财产的跨国有组织犯罪”的第5/7号决议；[8]", "2. 敦促作为包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》² 和《联合国反腐败公约》³ 在内的前述各项公约缔约方的会员国充分执行这些公约，鼓励尚未加入这些公约的会员国考虑加入，并鼓励会员国和有关国际组织在联合国有关公约和决议的框架内加强预防犯罪和刑事司法对策，保护文化财产，尤其是防止文化财产被贩运，以便为对付此类犯罪提供尽可能广泛的国际合作，包括引渡和司法互助、没收被盗文化财产并将其归还合法所有人；", "3. 欢迎经济及社会理事会第2010/19号决议决定在预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会框架内设立的保护文化财产免遭贩运问题不限成员名额政府间专家组至少再召开一次会议，并鼓励会员国和其他捐助方支持召开该专家组会议，并就如何酌情落实2009年11月24日至26日在维也纳举行的专家组会议提出的建议，[9] 向预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十二届会议提交务实提案，同时适当关注刑事定罪、国际合作和司法互助等问题；", "4. 又欢迎联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约缔约方会议第五届会议要求其国际合作工作组和不限成员名额技术援助政府间临时专家组审查专家组会议的相关建议和结果，并提出建议供缔约方会议审议，以便通过审议现有规范的范围和适足性以及其他规范的制订情况，同时适当关注刑事定罪和国际合作，包括此方面的司法互助和引渡，推动《公约》得到切实适用；", "5. 敦促会员国和相关机构酌情强化和充分实施加强国际合作包括司法互助的机制，打击一切形式和方面的贩运文化财产以及盗窃、抢掠、损坏、转移、掠夺和毁坏文化财产等相关犯罪活动，并为被盗文化财产的追回和归还提供便利，并请联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约缔约方会议和预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会特别铭记经济及社会理事会第2010/19号决议第12段，继续努力有效加强预防犯罪和刑事司法对策，保护文化财产，尤其是防止文化财产被贩运；", "6. 敦促会员国考虑除在其本国立法框架内采取其他有效措施外，通过采用能适用于所有被盗、被抢掠、被非法挖掘和非法进出口的文化财产的广泛定义，对一切形式和方面的贩运文化财产及相关犯罪活动加以刑事定罪，并邀请会员国根据《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》第2条的规定，将贩运文化财产，包括在考古遗址和其他文化遗址进行盗窃和抢掠的行为定为严重犯罪，以便充分利用《公约》开展广泛国际合作，打击一切形式和方面的贩运文化财产及相关犯罪活动；", "7. 又敦促会员国采取一切适当步骤和有效措施，加强旨在打击被盗、被抢掠和被非法进出口的文化财产交易的法律和行政措施，包括采取适当国内措施，特别是根据其国内法和其他适用法律，对古董商、中间商和类似机构进行有效监管和监督，使市场中文化财产交易者的活动达到最大程度的透明；", "8. 邀请会员国继续就“防止侵犯各民族动产形式文化遗产罪行示范条约”[10] 提交书面意见，包括对其潜在效用的看法以及是否认为应尽早考虑作任何改进，以协助秘书处编写一项分析结论和一份报告，供提交保护文化财产免遭贩运问题专家组下次会议及预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十二届会议审议；", "9. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其任务授权范围内，通过与会员国协商，并酌情与联合国教育、科学及文化组织，国际刑事警察组织(国际刑警组织)和其他主管国际组织紧密合作：", "(a) 进一步探讨制定针对贩运文化财产问题的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策具体准则；", "(b) 探讨收集、分析和传播具体涉及贩运文化财产相关方面的资料的可能性；", "(c) 通过联合国关于犯罪趋势和刑事司法制度运作的调查，继续收集、分析和传播关于犯罪趋势的信息；", "(d) 促进良好做法，包括在国际合作方面；", "(e) 根据请求协助会员国加强预防犯罪和刑事司法对策以保护文化财产，尤其是防止文化财产被贩运；", "(f) 酌情考虑在其区域、区域间和专题方案中处理贩运文化财产问题；", "10. 请秘书长向预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会第二十二届会议报告本决议执行情况；", "11. 邀请会员国和其他捐助方按照联合国的规则和程序，为本决议之目的提供预算外资源。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第65/230号决议，附件。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[3] 同上，第2349卷，第42146号。", "[4] 同上，第823卷，第11806号。", "[5] 同上，第2421卷，第43718号。", "[6] 同上，第249卷，第3511号。", "[7] 同上，第2253卷，第3511号。", "[8] 见CTOC/COP/2010/17，第一章，A节。", "[9] 见E/CN.15/2010/5。", "[10] 《第八届联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会，1990年8月27日至9月7日，哈瓦那：秘书处编写的报告》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.91.IV.2，第一章，B节，决议1，附件)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/180. Strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/17 of 3 December 2003, 61/52 of 4 December 2006 and 64/78 of 7 December 2009 on the return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin, Economic and Social Council resolutions 2003/29 of 22 July 2003 entitled “Prevention of crimes that infringe on the cultural heritage of peoples in the form of movable property”, 2004/34 of 21 July 2004 and 2008/23 of 24 July 2008 entitled “Protection against trafficking in cultural property” and 2010/19 of 22 July 2010 entitled “Crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking”, and the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World,[1]", "Recalling also the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 55/25 of 15 November 2000,[2] as well as the United Nations Convention against Corruption, adopted by the Assembly in its resolution 58/4 of 31 October 2003,[3]", "Recalling further the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, adopted by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 14 November 1970,[4] the Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, adopted by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law on 24 June 1995,[5] and the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, adopted at The Hague on 14 May 1954,[6] and the two Protocols thereto, adopted on 14 May 1954⁶ and 26 March 1999,[7] and reaffirming the necessity for those States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to and, as States parties, implementing those international instruments,", "Reiterating the significance of cultural property as part of the common heritage of humankind and as unique and important testimony of the culture and identity of peoples and the necessity of protecting it, and reaffirming in that regard the need to strengthen international cooperation in preventing, prosecuting and punishing all aspects of trafficking in cultural property,", "Concerned that demand for stolen, looted and illicitly exported or imported cultural property is growing and fuels further looting, destruction, removal and theft of and trafficking in such unique property, and recognizing that urgent and commensurate legislative and administrative measures are required to discourage demand for illicitly acquired cultural property in the market,", "Alarmed at the growing involvement of organized criminal groups in all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related offences, and observing that cultural property is increasingly being sold through markets, including in auctions, in particular over the Internet, and that such property is being unlawfully excavated and illicitly exported or imported, with the facilitation of modern and sophisticated technologies,", "Inviting Member States to protect cultural property and prevent trafficking in such property by introducing appropriate legislation, including, in particular, procedures for its seizure, recovery and return, as well as by promoting education, launching awareness‑raising campaigns, locating and inventorying such property, adopting adequate security measures, developing the capacities and human resources of monitoring institutions, such as the police and customs services, and of the tourism sector, involving the media and disseminating information on the theft and pillaging of cultural property,", "Acknowledging the important contribution of the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme network in this field,", "Recognizing the indispensable role of crime prevention and criminal justice responses in combating all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related offences in a comprehensive and effective manner,", "1. Welcomes Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/19, as well as resolution 5/7 of 22 October 2010 entitled “Combating transnational organized crime against cultural property”, adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime at its fifth session, held in Vienna from 18 to 22 October 2010;[8]", "2. Urges Member States that are parties to the aforementioned conventions, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime² and the United Nations Convention against Corruption,³ to fully implement them, encourages those Member States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to those conventions, and encourages Member States and relevant international organizations to strengthen crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking, within the framework of relevant United Nations conventions and resolutions, for the purpose of providing the widest possible international cooperation to address such crimes, including for extradition, mutual legal assistance and the confiscation and return of stolen cultural property to its rightful owner;", "3. Welcomes the decision taken by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 2010/19 to convene at least one additional meeting of the open‑ended intergovernmental expert group on protection against trafficking in cultural property established within the framework of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and encourages Member States and other donors to support the convening of that expert group meeting and to submit to the Commission at its twenty‑second session practical proposals for implementing, where appropriate, the recommendations made by the expert group at its meeting held in Vienna from 24 to 26 November 2009,[9] with due attention to aspects of criminalization, international cooperation and mutual legal assistance;", "4. Also welcomes the request made by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime at its fifth session to its Working Group on International Cooperation and its Open‑ended Interim Working Group of Government Experts on Technical Assistance to examine the relevant recommendations and outcomes of the meetings of the expert group and to make recommendations for consideration by the Conference of the Parties in order to promote the practical application of the Convention, by considering the extent and adequacy of existing norms, as well as other normative developments, with due attention to aspects of criminalization and international cooperation, including mutual legal assistance and extradition, in this regard;", "5. Urges Member States and relevant institutions, as appropriate, to reinforce and fully implement mechanisms to strengthen international cooperation, including mutual legal assistance, in order to combat all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related offences, such as the theft, looting, damage, removal, pillage and destruction of cultural property, and to facilitate the recovery and return of stolen cultural property, and requests the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice to continue their efforts to effectively strengthen crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking, bearing in mind, in particular, paragraph 12 of Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/19;", "6. Urges Member States to consider, among other effective measures within the framework of their national legislation, criminalizing activities related to all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related offences by using a broad definition that can be applied to all stolen, looted, unlawfully excavated and illicitly exported or imported cultural property, and invites them to make trafficking in cultural property, including stealing and looting at archaeological and other cultural sites, a serious crime, as defined in article 2 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, with a view to fully utilizing that Convention for the purpose of extensive international cooperation in fighting all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related offences;", "7. Also urges Member States to take all appropriate steps and effective measures to strengthen legislative and administrative measures aimed at countering trade in stolen, looted and illicitly exported or imported cultural property, including appropriate domestic measures to maximize the transparency of activities of traders in cultural property in the market, in particular through effective regulations and supervision of dealers in antiquities, intermediaries and similar institutions, in accordance with their national law and other applicable law;", "8. Invites Member States to continue to submit, in writing, comments on the model treaty for the prevention of crimes that infringe on the cultural heritage of peoples in the form of movable property,[10] including views on its potential utility and on whether any improvements to it should be considered at the earliest possible date, in order to assist the Secretariat in preparing an analysis and a report to be presented to the expert group on protection against trafficking in cultural property at its next meeting, as well as to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty‑second session;", "9. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, in consultation with Member States and in close cooperation, as appropriate, with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and other competent international organizations:", "(a) To further explore the development of specific guidelines for crime prevention and criminal justice responses with respect to trafficking in cultural property;", "(b) To explore possibilities for the collection, analysis and dissemination of data specifically addressing the relevant aspects of trafficking in cultural property;", "(c) To continue to collect, analyse and disseminate information on crime trends through the United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems;", "(d) To promote good practices, including in international cooperation;", "(e) To assist Member States, upon request, in strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking;", "(f) To consider, where appropriate, addressing trafficking in cultural property in its regional, interregional and thematic programmes;", "10. Requests the Secretary‑General to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty‑second session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "11. Invites Member States and other donors to provide extrabudgetary resources for the purposes of the present resolution, in accordance with the rules and procedures of the United Nations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 65/230, annex.", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 823, No. 11806.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 2421, No. 43718.", "[6]  Ibid., vol. 249, No. 3511.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 2253, No. 3511.", "[8]  See CTOC/COP/2010/17, chap. I, sect. A.", "[9]  See E/CN.15/2010/5.", "[10]  Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, 27 August–7 September 1990: report prepared by the Secretariat (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.91.IV.2), chap. I, sect. B, resolution 1, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "Enhanced crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, in particular the prevention of trafficking in cultural property", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/17 of 3 December 2003, 61/52 of 4 December 2006 and 6478 of 7 December 2009 on the return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin, and Economic and Social Council resolutions 2003/29 of 22 July 2003 entitled “Prevention of crimes against the cultural heritage of national origin”, 2004/34 of 21 July 2004 entitled “Protection of cultural property from trafficking”, and 2008/23 of 24 July 2008 and 2008/23 of 24 July 2008, entitled “Protection against trafficking in cultural property”, and the comprehensive strategy for the development of crime prevention and criminal justice,", "Recalling also the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 55/255 of 15 November 2000, [2] and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, adopted in its resolution 58/4 of 31 October 2003, [3]", "Recalling further the Convention on the Prohibition and Protection of the Methods of the Import, Export and Illegal Transfer of Cultural Property, the Convention on the Protection of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons and the Methods of the Illicit Sale of Cultural Property, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 14 November 1970, [4] the Convention on the Prohibition and Control of the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property and the Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property, adopted on 14 May 1954 and 26 March 1999, and reaffirming the need for States parties to ratify or accede to the Convention,", "Reaffirming the importance of cultural property as an integral part of the common heritage of humankind and the unique evidence of the cultural and identity of the nation and the need for protection, and in this regard reiterates the need for international cooperation to prevent, prosecute and punish trafficking in cultural property in all its aspects,", "Concerned at the increasing demand for stolen, looted and illegally imported and imported cultural property, which further contributes to the plundering, destruction, transfer, theft and trafficking of such unique property, and recognizing the need for urgent, relevant legal and administrative measures to prevent the demand for illegal cultural property in the market,", "Alarmed by the increasing involvement of organized criminal groups in all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property and related criminal activities, noting that cultural property is increasingly being sold through markets, including through the Internet, and that such property is being illegally excavated and illegally imported and exported, with the assistance of modern sophisticated technologies,", "Invites Member States to protect cultural property and to prevent trafficking in cultural property and, in particular, to introduce appropriate laws, including procedures relating to seizure, recovery and restitution, to promote education, to launch awareness-raising campaigns, to identify such property and to prepare lists of property, to take appropriate security measures, to develop the capacity and human resources of monitoring bodies, such as police, customs, and tourist sectors, to launch media and disseminate information on theft and looting of cultural property,", "Affirming the important contribution of the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Committee of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme network in this field,", "Recognizing that crime prevention and criminal justice responses are essential for the full and effective fight against trafficking in cultural property and related criminal activities in all its forms and manifestations,", "Welcomes Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/19 and Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted at its fifth session, held in Vienna on 22 October 2010, resolution 5/7, entitled “Combating transnational organized crime involving cultural property”; [8]", "Urges the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime2 and the United Nations Convention against Corruption3 Member States of the above-mentioned conventions, including the full implementation of those conventions, encourage Member States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to those conventions and encourage Member States and relevant international organizations to strengthen crime prevention and criminal justice responses, in particular to prevent trafficking in cultural property, in order to provide the widest possible range of international cooperation in dealing with such crimes, including extradition and mutual legal assistance, the confiscation of stolen cultural property and the return of its legitimate owners, within the framework of relevant United Nations conventions and resolutions;", "Welcomes the decision of the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 2010/19 to convene at least another meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Group of Experts on the Protection of Cultural Property from Trafficking in Persons, established within the framework of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and encourages Member States and other donors to support the convening of the expert group meeting and to submit to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-second session, as appropriate, practical proposals for criminalization, international cooperation and mutual legal assistance;", "Also welcomes the request made by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime at its fifth session to the Working Group on International Cooperation and the Intergovernmental Open-ended Intergovernmental Expert Group on Technical Assistance to review the relevant recommendations and outcomes of the expert group meetings and make recommendations for consideration by the Conference of the Parties in order to promote the effective application of the Convention by considering the scope and adequacy of existing norms and other normative developments, with due attention to criminalization and international cooperation, including mutual legal assistance and extradition in this regard;", "Urges Member States and relevant bodies, as appropriate, to strengthen and fully implement mechanisms for enhancing international cooperation, including mutual legal assistance, to combat all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural property, as well as related criminal activities, such as theft, looting, diversion and destruction of cultural property, and to facilitate the recovery and restitution of stolen cultural property, and requests the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, in particular, to continue their efforts to strengthen crime prevention and criminal justice responses and to protect cultural property, in particular from trafficking in cultural property;", "Urges Member States to consider criminalizing all forms and related criminal activities, in addition to other effective measures within their national legislative framework, and to criminalize trafficking in cultural property in all its forms and aspects, including theft and looting of cultural sites and other cultural sites, in accordance with article 2 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and invites Member States, in accordance with article 2 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, to criminalize trafficking in cultural property, including in the archaeological sites and other cultural sites, in order to take full advantage of the Convention's extensive international cooperation in combating all forms and related criminal activities;", "Also urges Member States to take all appropriate steps and effective measures to strengthen the legal and administrative measures aimed at combating the transaction of stolen, looted and illegally imported and exported cultural property, including appropriate domestic measures, in particular in accordance with their domestic laws and other applicable laws, to effectively regulate and monitor the activities of cigarners, intermediaters and similar institutions so as to maximize transparency in the activities of persons trading in cultural property in the market;", "Invites Member States to continue to submit written observations on the Model Treaty on the Prevention of Crimes against the Form of National Property [10], including views on their potential utility and whether any improvements should be considered as early as possible in order to assist the Secretariat in the preparation of an analytical conclusions and a report for consideration at the next meeting of the Group of Experts on the Protection of Cultural Property from Trafficking and at the twenty-second session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate, to cooperate closely with Member States, through consultations with Member States and, where appropriate, with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and other competent international organizations:", "(a) Further explore specific guidelines for the development of crime prevention and criminal justice responses to trafficking in cultural property;", "(b) Explore the possibility of collecting, analysing and disseminating information specifically related to trafficking in cultural property;", "(c) Continue to collect, analyse and disseminate information on crime trends through United Nations investigations on crime trends and the functioning of the criminal justice system;", "(d) Promote good practices, including in the area of international cooperation;", "(e) To assist Member States, upon request, in strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, in particular to prevent trafficking in cultural property;", "(f) Consider addressing trafficking in cultural property in their regional, interregional and thematic programmes, as appropriate;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-second session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Invites Member States and other donors to provide extrabudgetary resources for the purposes of the present resolution, in accordance with the rules and procedures of the United Nations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 830, annex.", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 823, No. 11806.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 2421, No. 43718.", "[6] Ibid., vol. 249, No. 3511.", "[7] Ibid., vol. 2253, No. 3511.", "[8] See CTOC/COP.2/17, chap. I, sect.", "[9] See E/CN.15/1998/5.", "[10] Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, 27 August-7 September 1990: report prepared by the Secretariat (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.91.IV.2, chap. I, sect. B, resolution 1, annex)." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/181. 加强联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案，特别是其技术合作能力", "大会，", "重申其1991年12月18日第46/152号、2005年9月16日第60/1号、2010年12月20日第65/169号及2010年12月21日第65/190号和第65/232号决议，", "又重申大会关于亟须加强国际合作和技术援助以促进和便利批准和执行《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书、[1] 《联合国反腐败公约》[2] 以及所有国际反恐公约和议定书的各项决议，包括近期生效的公约和议定书的各项决议，", "还重申会员国在2006年9月8日通过的《联合国全球反恐战略》[3] 中并在其后于2008年9月4日和5日[4] 及2010年9月8日审查该战略时所作的承诺，[5]", "强调大会关于加紧努力消除一切形式暴力侵害妇女行为的2010年12月21日第65/187号决议和关于加强针对暴力侵害妇女行为的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策的2010年12月21日第65/228号决议通过了《在预防犯罪和刑事司法领域中消除对妇女的暴力行为的示范战略和实际措施》增订本，对联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案及其活动影响重大，", "回顾大会通过了有关《联合国关于女性囚犯待遇和女性罪犯非拘禁措施的规则》(《曼谷规则》)的2010年12月21日第65/229号决议，在这方面鼓励会员国努力开展进一步研究，以便将这些措施付诸使用，", "又回顾大会通过了关于第十二届联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法大会的2010年12月21日第65/230号决议，其中大会认可了《关于应对全球挑战的综合战略：预防犯罪和刑事司法系统及其在变化世界中的发展的萨尔瓦多宣言》，", "考虑到经济及社会理事会所有相关决议，特别是2011年7月28日第2011/33、2011/34、2011/35和2011/36号决议，以及有关下列事项的所有决议：在预防犯罪和刑事司法、促进和加强法治以及刑事司法机构改革等领域，包括在实施技术援助活动方面，加强国际合作，加强联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案的技术援助和咨询服务，", "回顾其关于文化财产返还或归还原主国的2003年12月3日第58/17号、2006年12月4日第61/52号和2009年12月7日第64/78号决议，以及经济及社会理事会关于防止侵犯各民族动产形式文化遗产的犯罪行为的2003年7月22日第2003/29号决议、关于保护文化财产免遭贩运的2004年7月21日第2004/34号和2008年7月24日第2008/23号决议、关于保护文化财产尤其使之免遭贩运的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策的2010年7月22日第2010/19号决议和关于加强预防犯罪和刑事司法对策以保护文化财产尤其是防止文化财产被贩运的2011年7月28日第2011/42号决议，", "又回顾大会通过了题为“联合国打击贩运人口活动全球行动计划”2010年7月30日第64/293号决议，重申必须全面执行《行动计划》，表示认为除其他外，该计划将加强合作，更好地协调打击贩运人口的努力，促进扩大批准和全面执行《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[6] 以及《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的议定书》，[7] 并欢迎联合国贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为受害者自愿信托基金正式启动，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长努力在联合国系统内部制定一个有效而全面的办法来对付跨国有组织犯罪和贩毒行为，并重申会员国在这方面可发挥重要的作用，", "表示严重关切跨国有组织犯罪，包括偷运和贩运人口、毒品和小武器和轻武器对发展、和平与安全以及人权的危害，并严重关切各国越来越易遭受此类犯罪的危害，", "确信必须预防青年犯罪、支持对青年罪犯进行改造和使其重新融入社会，保护儿童受害人和证人，包括努力防止他们再次受到伤害，并解决囚犯子女的需要，并强调指出，正如在适用情况下《儿童权利公约》[8] 及其各项任择议定书[9] 以及在适当情况下联合国其他相关的少年司法标准和准则所要求，这些应对措施应当考虑到儿童和青年人的人权和最高利益，", "关切非法贩运武器及其零部件和弹药活动所构成的严重挑战和威胁，并关切这种贩运与其他形式的跨国有组织犯罪，包括贩毒和恐怖主义等其他犯罪活动之间的联系，", "深为关切在一些情况下某些形式的跨国有组织犯罪与恐怖主义之间的联系，强调有必要加强国家、次区域、区域和国际一级的合作，以便强化应对这一不断演变挑战的对策，", "关切犯罪组织及其犯罪所得收益日益渗入经济，", "认识到采取行动打击跨国有组织犯罪和恐怖主义是一项共同分担的责任，强调指出有必要携手合作，预防和打击跨国有组织犯罪、腐败及各种形式和表现的恐怖主义，", "强调在应对跨国有组织犯罪时必须充分尊重国家主权原则，并遵循法治，以此作为综合对策的一部分，通过增进人权和更公平的社会经济条件，促进持久解决办法，", "鼓励会员国本着对促成犯罪的多重因素的认识，酌情制定综合预防犯罪政策，并且全面地应对此类因素，", "认识到联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室有必要在大会和经济及社会理事会确定的所有相关优先事项之间保持技术合作能力的平衡，", "又认识到《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》因其缔约方之多及适用范围很广而为引渡、法律互助和没收等方面的国际合作提供了一个重要基础，而且是这方面应进一步加以利用的一项有用工具，", "铭记有必要确保普遍加入和全面执行《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书，敦促缔约国充分、有效利用这些文书，", "欢迎联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室对方案规划采取区域做法，以国家和区域各级持续协商和伙伴协作为基础，尤其是以实际落实为基础，并注重确保该办公室以可持续和连贯一致的方式对会员国的优先事项做出回应，", "确认联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在打击腐败、有组织犯罪、洗钱、恐怖主义、绑架和人口贩运，包括在酌情支助和保护受害人、受害人家属和证人，以及在打击毒品贩运和开展国际合作等方面应请求向会员国提供咨询服务和援助的工作取得了总体进展，并且特别注重引渡和法律互助，", "重申关切联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的总体财务状况，", "1. 表示赞赏地注意到秘书长依照大会第65/232号决议编写的报告；[10]", "2. 重申《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书¹ 作为国际社会打击跨国有组织犯罪的主要手段的重要性；", "3. 赞赏地注意到《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》缔约国已达一百六十四个，这有力表明了国际社会打击跨国有组织犯罪的决心；", "4. 敦促尚未批准或加入《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书、《联合国反腐败公约》² 及有关恐怖主义的国际公约和议定书的会员国考虑批准或加入这些文书；", "5. 鼓励《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》的缔约国和签字国支持联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约缔约国会议第五届会议所设不限成员名额政府间工作组开展活动，以建立一个或多个机制，便于审查该公约及其各项议定书的执行情况；期待缔约国会议第六届会议在可能时通过此种审查机制的职权范围；", "6. 赞赏地注意到召开了一次不限成员名额政府间专家组会议，全面研究网络犯罪问题及会员国、国际社会和私营部门采取的对策，包括就国家立法、最佳做法、技术援助和国际合作交流信息，以期审查各种备选方案，加强现有的国家和国际打击网上犯罪的法律和其他对策，并提出新的对策；", "7. 重申联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案对于推动采取有效行动以加强预防犯罪和刑事司法领域国际合作的重要性以及联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室为完成预防犯罪和刑事司法方面任务而开展的工作的重要性，这些工作包括应会员国请求高度优先地向会员国提供技术合作、咨询服务和其他形式援助以及协调和补充联合国所有相关和主管机构及单位的工作；", "8. 建议会员国根据本国的具体情况，在基线评估和数据收集基础上全面、综合地对待预防犯罪和刑事司法改革，并以司法系统所有部门为侧重点，此外制定预防犯罪政策、战略和方案；请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室为此目的继续应要求向会员国提供技术援助；", "9. 鼓励各国执行国家和地方的预防犯罪行动计划，其中除其他外，应以综合、一体化和参与方式考虑到造成某些人群和场所遭受侵害和(或)发生犯罪风险更高的因素，而且这些计划需要以现有的最佳实证和良好做法为基础；强调指出应当将预防犯罪视作推动各国社会和经济发展的相关战略的一个组成部分；", "10. 吁请会员国酌情加强双边、次区域、区域和国际各级的合作努力，以有效打击跨国有组织犯罪；", "11. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在现有资源范围内并在其任务范围内，更为努力地提供技术援助和咨询服务，与相关会员国及区域和次区域组织协调执行该办公室的区域和次区域方案；", "12. 又请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续在其任务范围内应会员国请求向它们提供预防犯罪和刑事司法方面的技术援助，以便加强国家刑事司法系统调查和起诉所有形式犯罪的能力，并且保护被告的人权和基本自由以及受害人和证人的合法利益；", "13. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续按照联合国相关文书和国际公认标准，适用情况下也包括相关政府间机构尤其是金融行动任务组的建议，以及区域、区域间和多边组织的相关反洗钱举措，通过打击洗钱、犯罪所得和资助恐怖主义行为全球方案，向会员国提供技术援助，以打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为；", "14. 敦促各会员国加强双边、区域和国际合作，以便能够根据《联合国反腐败公约缔约国会议》中关于追回资产的规定，特别是其中第五章的规定，应来源国要求，把经腐败方式非法获取的资产归还来源国，并请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其现有任务范围内继续为双边、区域和国际各级为此目的所作的努力提供协助，此外敦促会员国打击和惩处腐败以及清洗腐败所得行为；", "15. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续推动国际和区域合作，包括为此协助建立在打击跨国有组织犯罪方面酌情活跃于法律和执法合作领域的区域网络以及促进所有此类网络之间的合作，包括在需要时提供技术协助；", "16. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室酌情加强与担负打击跨国有组织犯罪任务的政府间、国际和区域组织的协作，以分享最佳做法，利用各组织特有的相对优势；", "17. 确认联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室作了种种努力，协助会员国建立和加强能力以预防和打击绑架活动，并请该办公室继续提供技术援助，以增进国际合作，尤其是法律互助，从而有效打击这一日益严重的犯罪行为；", "18. 提请注意秘书长关于联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案任务执行情况，特别是关于联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的技术合作活动的报告¹⁰ 中确定的新出现的政策问题，即海盗、网络犯罪、对儿童的虐待与剥削、文化财产贩运活动、非法资金流动以及濒危野生动植物种非法贩运，并请该办公室考虑到经济及社会理事会关于该办公室2008-2011年期间战略的2007年7月25日第2007/12号和2007年7月26日第2007/19号决议，在该办公室任务范围内探讨处理这些问题的方式和方法；", "19. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在其现有任务范围内，加强准确、可靠和可比的数据和信息的收集、分析和传播，以增进对犯罪趋势的了解，支持会员国制订具体犯罪领域特别是涉及跨国犯罪问题的适当应对措施，同时考虑到有必要尽可能最佳利用现有资源；", "20. 敦促会员国和相关国际组织与联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案合作，酌情制定国家和区域战略及其他必要措施，以期有效打击跨国有组织犯罪，包括贩运人口、偷运移民、非法制造和贩运武器，以及腐败和恐怖主义；", "21. 敦促缔约国利用《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》⁶ 进行广泛合作，防止和打击对文化财产的犯罪，尤其是根据《公约》第14条第2款的规定将犯罪所得或财产归还其合法所有人，并请缔约国根据国内法交换关于对文化财产犯罪的各方面情报，酌情协调为防止、及早发现和惩罚这种罪行而采取的行政和其他措施；", "22. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续通过技术援助等方式，向提出请求的会员国提供援助，协助他们打击非法贩运武器及其零部件和弹药活动，并支持会员国努力应对这些活动与其他形式跨国有组织犯罪活动的联系；", "23. 重申联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室及其区域办公室必须建设地方一级打击跨国有组织犯罪和毒品贩运活动的能力，并敦促该办公室在决定关闭和开设区域办公室时，考虑到各区域特别是发展中国家在打击跨国有组织犯罪方面的脆弱之处、项目和影响，以期继续有效支持各国和各区域在这些领域所作的努力；", "24. 鼓励会员国支持联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续在其现有任务范围内，应受影响国家要求，提供有针对性的技术援助，以加强这些国家打击海盗的能力，包括协助会员国制定有效的执法对策，并加强会员国的司法能力；", "25. 欢迎《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》缔约方会议和《联合国反腐败公约》缔约国会议在履行各自任务方面取得进展；", "26. 鼓励缔约国继续全力支持《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》缔约方会议和《联合国反腐败公约》缔约国会议，包括向两个会议提供关于履约情况的资料；", "27. 请秘书长继续向联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室提供适当资源，以便该办公室根据任务规定有效推动执行《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》和《联合国反腐败公约》，并履行其作为这两项公约缔约方会议、预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会及麻醉药品委员会秘书处而承担的各项职能；", "28. 赞赏地注意到《联合国反腐败公约》执行情况审查机制的设立和成功运作，并鼓励该公约缔约国和签字国全力支持这个由公约缔约国会议通过设立的机制；", "29. 欢迎2011年10月24日至28日摩洛哥马拉喀什《联合国反腐败公约》第四届缔约国会议的顺利闭幕以及该届会议通过的包括马拉喀什防止腐败宣言在内的各项决议，并请秘书长向大会转递该《公约》第四届缔约国会议的报告；", "30. 再次请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室与反恐怖主义委员会及其执行局密切协商，加强对提出请求的会员国的技术援助，通过推动批准和执行有关恐怖主义的世界公约和议定书，加强在预防和打击恐怖主义领域的国际合作，同时继续协助反恐执行工作队开展工作，此外邀请会员国向该办公室提供其执行任务所需的适当资源；", "31. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续应会员国请求向它们提供加强法治方面的技术援助，并考虑到秘书处法治协调和资源小组及联合国其他相关机构开展的工作；", "32. 鼓励会员国根据本国情况采取相关措施，确保传播、采用和适用联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法标准与准则，包括考虑并在必要时散发由联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室编写和出版的现有指南和手册；", "33. 重申根据联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案具有的高度优先地位，并根据各方对其服务的日益需求，尤其是为了在预防犯罪和刑事司法改革领域增加对发展中国家、经济转型国家和冲突后国家的援助，必须为该方案提供充分、稳定和可预测的经费，使其能够充分执行任务；", "34. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交报告，说明联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法方案任务的执行情况，并阐述新出现的政策问题和可能的应对办法；", "35. 又请秘书长在上文第34段所述报告中载列资料，说明《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书的批准或加入情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225、2237、2241和2326卷，第39574号。", "[2] 同上，第2349卷，第42146号。", "[3] 第60/288号决议。", "[4] 见第62/272号决议；另见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，全体会议》，第117至120次会议(A/62/PV.117-120)和更正。", "[5] 见第64/297号决议；另见《大会正式记录，第六十四届会议，全体会议》，第116至117次会议(A/64/PV.116和117)和更正。", "[6] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[7] 同上，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[8] 同上，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[9] 同上，第2171和2173卷，第27531号。", "[10] A/66/303。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/181. Strengthening the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, in particular its technical cooperation capacity", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 46/152 of 18 December 1991, 60/1 of 16 September 2005, 65/169 of 20 December 2010 and 65/190 and 65/232 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also its resolutions relating to the urgent need to strengthen international cooperation and technical assistance in promoting and facilitating the ratification and implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto,[1] the United Nations Convention against Corruption[2] and all the international conventions and protocols against terrorism, including those that recently entered into force,", "Reaffirming further the commitments undertaken by Member States in the United Nations Global Counter‑Terrorism Strategy adopted on 8 September 2006,[3] and its successive reviews of 4 and 5 September 2008[4] and of 8 September 2010,[5]", "Emphasizing that its resolution 65/187 of 21 December 2010 on the intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and its resolution 65/228 of 21 December 2010 on strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to violence against women, by which it adopted the updated Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, have considerable implications for the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme and its activities,", "Recalling the adoption of its resolution 65/229 of 21 December 2010 on the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non‑custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), and encouraging in this regard efforts of Member States to conduct further study with a view to utilizing these practical measures,", "Recalling also the adoption of its resolution 65/230 of 21 December 2010 on the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, in which it endorsed the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World,", "Taking into consideration all relevant Economic and Social Council resolutions, in particular resolutions 2011/33, 2011/34, 2011/35 and 2011/36 of 28 July 2011 and all those relating to the strengthening of international cooperation, as well as the technical assistance and advisory services of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the fields of crime prevention and criminal justice, promotion and reinforcement of the rule of law and reform of criminal justice institutions, including with regard to the implementation of technical assistance,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/17 of 3 December 2003, 61/52 of 4 December 2006 and 64/78 of 7 December 2009 on the return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin and Economic and Social Council resolutions 2003/29 of 22 July 2003 on the prevention of crimes that infringe on the cultural heritage of peoples in the form of movable property, 2004/34 of 21 July 2004 and 2008/23 of 24 July 2008 on protection against trafficking in cultural property, 2010/19 of 22 July 2010 on crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking, and 2011/42 of 28 July 2011 on strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural property, especially with regard to its trafficking,", "Recalling also the adoption of its resolution 64/293 of 30 July 2010 entitled “United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons”, reaffirming the need for the full implementation of the Global Plan of Action, expressing the view that it will, inter alia, enhance cooperation and better coordination of efforts in fighting trafficking in persons and promote increased ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime[6] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[7] and welcoming the launch of the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,", "Noting with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary‑General to develop within the United Nations system an effective and comprehensive approach to transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, and reaffirming the crucial role of Member States in this regard,", "Expressing its grave concern at the negative effects of transnational organized crime, including smuggling of and trafficking in human beings, narcotic drugs and small arms and light weapons, on development, peace and security and human rights, and at the increasing vulnerability of States to such crime,", "Convinced of the importance of preventing youth crime, supporting the rehabilitation of young offenders and their reintegration into society, protecting child victims and witnesses, including efforts to prevent their revictimization, and addressing the needs of children of prisoners, and stressing that such responses should take into account the human rights and best interests of children and young people, as called for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child[8] and the Optional Protocols thereto,[9] where applicable, and in other relevant United Nations standards and norms in juvenile justice, where appropriate,", "Concerned by the serious challenges and threats posed by the illicit trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, and concerned about its links with other forms of transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and other criminal activities, including terrorism,", "Deeply concerned about the connections, in some cases, between some forms of transnational organized crime and terrorism, and emphasizing the need to enhance cooperation at the national, subregional, regional and international levels in order to strengthen responses to this evolving challenge,", "Concerned about the growing degree of penetration of criminal organizations and their proceeds into the economy,", "Recognizing that actions against transnational organized crime and terrorism are a common and shared responsibility, and stressing the need to work collectively to prevent and combat transnational organized crime, corruption and terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,", "Emphasizing that transnational organized crime must be addressed in full respect for the principle of the sovereignty of States and in accordance with the rule of law as part of a comprehensive response to promote durable solutions through the promotion of human rights and more equitable socioeconomic conditions,", "Encouraging Member States to develop, as appropriate, comprehensive crime prevention policies based on an understanding of the multiple factors that contribute to crime and to address such factors in a holistic manner,", "Recognizing the need to maintain a balance in the technical cooperation capacity of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime between all relevant priorities identified by the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council,", "Recognizing also that, thanks to its broad membership and wide scope of application, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime offers an important basis for international cooperation, inter alia for extradition, mutual legal assistance and confiscation, and represents in this regard a useful tool that should be further utilized,", "Mindful of the need to ensure universal adherence to and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, and urging States parties to make full and effective use of these instruments,", "Welcoming the adoption by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime of a regional approach to programming, based on continuing consultations and partnerships at the national and regional levels, particularly on its implementation, and focused on ensuring that the Office responds in a sustainable and coherent manner to the priorities of Member States,", "Recognizing the general progress made by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the delivery of advisory services and assistance to requesting Member States in the areas of corruption, organized crime, money‑laundering, terrorism, kidnapping and trafficking in persons, including the support and protection, as appropriate, of victims, their families and witnesses, as well as drug trafficking and international cooperation, with special emphasis on extradition and mutual legal assistance,", "Reiterating its concern regarding the overall financial situation of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General prepared pursuant to resolution 65/232;[10]", "2. Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto¹ as the main tools of the international community to fight transnational organized crime;", "3. Notes with appreciation that the number of States parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime has reached one hundred and sixty‑four, which is a significant indication of the commitment shown by the international community to combat transnational organized crime;", "4. Urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, the United Nations Convention against Corruption² and the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism;", "5. Encourages States parties and signatories to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to support the activities of the open‑ended intergovernmental working group established by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime at its fifth session to develop a mechanism or mechanisms for the review of the implementation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto, and looks forward to the possible adoption of the terms of reference for such a review mechanism or mechanisms at the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties;", "6. Notes with appreciation the convening of an open‑ended intergovernmental expert group to conduct a comprehensive study of the problem of cybercrime and responses to it by Member States, the international community and the private sector, including the exchange of information on national legislation, best practices, technical assistance and international cooperation, with a view to examining options to strengthen existing and to propose new national and international, legal or other responses to cybercrime;", "7. Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme in promoting effective action to strengthen international cooperation in crime prevention and criminal justice, as well as of the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the fulfilment of its mandate in crime prevention and criminal justice, including providing to Member States, upon request and as a matter of high priority, technical cooperation, advisory services and other forms of assistance, and coordinating with and complementing the work of all relevant and competent United Nations bodies and offices;", "8. Recommends that Member States, as appropriate to their national contexts, adopt a comprehensive and integrated approach to crime prevention and criminal justice reform, based on baseline assessments and data collection and focusing on all sectors of the justice system, and develop crime prevention policies, strategies and programmes, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance, upon request, to Member States for this purpose;", "9. Encourages all States to have national and local action plans for crime prevention in order to take into account, in a comprehensive, integrated and participatory manner, inter alia, factors that place certain populations and places at higher risk of victimization and/or of offending and to ensure that such plans are based on the best available evidence and good practices, and stresses that crime prevention should be considered an integral element of strategies to foster social and economic development in all States;", "10. Calls upon Member States to strengthen their efforts to cooperate, as appropriate, at the bilateral, subregional, regional and international levels to counter transnational organized crime effectively;", "11. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to enhance its efforts, within existing resources and within its mandate, in providing technical assistance and advisory services for the implementation of its regional and subregional programmes in a coordinated manner with relevant Member States and regional and subregional organizations;", "12. Also requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide, within its mandate, technical assistance to Member States, upon their request, in the areas of crime prevention and criminal justice, with a view to strengthening the capacity of national criminal justice systems to investigate and prosecute all forms of crime and to protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of defendants, as well as the legitimate interests of victims and witnesses;", "13. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States to combat money‑laundering and the financing of terrorism through the Global Programme against Money‑Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism, in accordance with United Nations‑related instruments and internationally accepted standards, including, where applicable, recommendations of relevant intergovernmental bodies, inter alia, the Financial Action Task Force and relevant initiatives of regional, interregional and multilateral organizations against money‑laundering;", "14. Urges Member States to strengthen bilateral, regional and international cooperation to enable the return of assets illicitly acquired from corruption to the countries of origin, upon their request, in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Corruption for asset recovery, in particular chapter V, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its existing mandate, to continue providing assistance to bilateral, regional and international efforts for that purpose, and also urges Member States to combat and penalize corruption, as well as the laundering of its proceeds;", "15. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to foster international and regional cooperation, including by facilitating the development of regional networks active in the field of legal and law enforcement cooperation in the fight against transnational organized crime, where appropriate, and by promoting cooperation among all such networks, including by providing technical assistance where it is required;", "16. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to increase collaboration with intergovernmental, international and regional organizations that have transnational organized crime mandates, as appropriate, in order to share best practices and to take advantage of their unique and comparative advantage;", "17. Recognizes the efforts made by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to assist Member States in developing abilities and strengthening their capacity to prevent and combat kidnapping, and requests the Office to continue to provide technical assistance with a view to fostering international cooperation, in particular mutual legal assistance, aimed at countering effectively this growing serious crime;", "18. Draws attention to the emerging policy issues identified in the report of the Secretary‑General on the implementation of the mandates of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, with particular reference to the technical cooperation activities of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,¹⁰ namely, piracy, cybercrime, abuse and exploitation of children, trafficking in cultural property, illicit financial flows and illicit trafficking in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, and invites the Office to explore, within its mandate, ways and means of addressing those issues, bearing in mind Economic and Social Council resolutions 2007/12 of 25 July 2007 and 2007/19 of 26 July 2007 on the strategy for the period 2008–2011 for the Office;", "19. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its existing mandate, to strengthen the collection, analysis and dissemination of accurate, reliable and comparable data and information to enhance knowledge on crime trends and support Member States in designing appropriate responses in specific areas of crime, in particular in their transnational dimension, taking into account the need to make the best possible use of existing resources;", "20. Urges Member States and relevant international organizations to develop national and regional strategies, as appropriate, and other necessary measures, in cooperation with the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, to address effectively transnational organized crime, including trafficking in persons, the smuggling of migrants and illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, as well as corruption and terrorism;", "21. Urges States parties to use the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime⁶ for broad cooperation in preventing and combating criminal offences against cultural property, especially in returning such proceeds of crime or property to their legitimate owners, in accordance with article 14, paragraph 2, of the Convention, and invites States parties to exchange information on all aspects of criminal offences against cultural property, in accordance with their national laws, and to coordinate administrative and other measures taken, as appropriate, for the prevention, early detection and punishment of such offences;", "22. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to assist Member States, upon request, in combating the illicit trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, and to support them in their efforts to address its links with other forms of transnational organized crime, through, inter alia, technical assistance;", "23. Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and its regional offices in building capacity at the local level in the fight against transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, and urges the Office to consider regional vulnerabilities, projects and impact in the fight against transnational organized crime, in particular in developing countries, when deciding to close and allocate offices, with a view to maintaining an effective level of support to national and regional efforts in those areas;", "24. Encourages Member States to support the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in continuing to provide targeted technical assistance, within its existing mandate, to enhance the capacity of affected States, upon their request, to combat piracy by sea, including by assisting Member States in creating an effective law enforcement response and strengthening their judicial capacity;", "25. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption in the implementation of their respective mandates;", "26. Encourages States parties to continue to provide full support to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, including providing information to the conferences regarding compliance with the treaties;", "27. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to provide the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with adequate resources to promote, in an effective manner, the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption and to discharge its functions as the secretariat of the conferences of the parties to the conventions, the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in accordance with its mandate;", "28. Notes with appreciation the establishment and successful functioning of the Mechanism for the Review of Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and encourages States parties and signatories to the Convention to provide full support to the Mechanism, adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention;", "29. Welcomes the conclusion of the fourth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 24 to 28 October 2011, and the resolutions adopted at the session, including the Marrakech declaration on the prevention of corruption, and requests the Secretary‑General to transmit to the General Assembly a report on the fourth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention;", "30. Reiterates its request to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to enhance its technical assistance to Member States, upon request, to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism through the facilitation of the ratification and implementation of the universal conventions and protocols related to terrorism, in close consultation with the Counter‑Terrorism Committee and its Executive Directorate, as well as to continue to contribute to the work of the Counter‑Terrorism Implementation Task Force, and invites Member States to provide the Office with appropriate resources for its mandate;", "31. Requests that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, upon request, to strengthen the rule of law, taking also into account the work undertaken by the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group of the Secretariat and other relevant United Nations bodies;", "32. Encourages Member States to take relevant measures, as appropriate to their national contexts, to ensure the diffusion, use and application of the United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice, including the consideration and, where they deem it necessary, dissemination of existing manuals and handbooks developed and published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime;", "33. Reiterates the importance of providing the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme with sufficient, stable and predictable funding for the full implementation of its mandates, in conformity with the high priority accorded to it and in accordance with the increasing demand for its services, in particular with regard to the provision of increased assistance to developing countries, countries with economies in transition and countries emerging from conflict, in the area of crime prevention and criminal justice reform;", "34. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session on the implementation of the mandates of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, reflecting also emerging policy issues and possible responses;", "35. Also requests the Secretary‑General to include in the report referred to in paragraph 34 above information on the status of ratifications or accessions to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[3]  Resolution 60/288.", "[4]  See resolution 62/272; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑second Session, Plenary Meetings, 117th to 120th meetings (A/62/PV.117–120), and corrigendum.", "[5]  See resolution 64/297; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fourth Session, Plenary Meetings, 116th and 117th meetings (A/64/PV.116 and 117), and corrigendum.", "[6]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[8]  Ibid., vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[9]  Ibid., vols. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531.", "[10]  A/66/303." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "Strengthening the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, in particular its technical cooperation capacity", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 46/152 of 18 December 1991, 60/1 of 16 September 2005, 63/269 of 20 December 2010 and 63/290 and class32 of 21 December 2010,", "Reaffirming also the resolutions of the General Assembly on the importance of strengthening international cooperation and technical assistance to promote and facilitate the ratification and implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, the United Nations Convention against Corruption [2] and all international conventions and protocols related to terrorism, including the recent entry into force of the Convention,", "Reaffirming also the commitments made by Member States in the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy [3], adopted on 8 September 2006, and in subsequent reviews of the Strategy on 4 and 5 September 2008, [5]", "Underscoring the adoption by the General Assembly of its resolution 63/287 of 21 December 2010 on the intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and the adoption of the updated version of the Model Strategy and Practical Measures to Eliminate Violence against Women in the area of crime prevention and criminal justice, on 21 December 2010, which has a significant impact on the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme and its activities,", "Recalling the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Rules relating to the Treatment of Female Prisoners and the Non-custodial Measures of Female Offenders (No. Resolution 829 of 21 December 2010, in which Member States were encouraged to undertake further studies to put those measures into use,", "Recalling also the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 40/30 of 21 December 2010 on the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, in which the Assembly endorsed the comprehensive strategy on addressing global challenges: crime prevention and criminal justice systems and their development in a changing world,", "Taking into account all relevant resolutions of the Economic and Social Council, in particular resolutions 2011/33, 2011/34, 2011/35 and 2011/36 of 28 July 2011, and all relevant resolutions on: strengthening international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice, promoting and strengthening the rule of law and reform of criminal justice institutions, including in the implementation of technical assistance activities, and strengthening technical assistance and advisory services of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/17 of 3 December 2003, 61/52 of 4 December 2006 and 6478 of 7 December 2009 on the return or restitution of cultural property, as well as Economic and Social Council resolutions 2003/29 of 22 July 2003 on the prevention of crimes against the cultural heritage of national movable property, 2004/34 of 21 July 2004 on the protection of cultural property against trafficking, and 2008/23 of 24 July 2008, on the protection of cultural property, in particular in the context of the crime prevention and criminal justice response to trafficking in cultural property,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolution 64293 of 30 July 2010, entitled “United Nations Global Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons”, reaffirming the need for full implementation of the Plan of Action, and expressing the view, inter alia, that it will enhance cooperation and better coordinate efforts to combat trafficking in persons, promote the ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [6] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, [7] and welcoming the formal launch of the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking,", "Noting with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary-General to establish an effective and comprehensive approach within the United Nations system to counter transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, and reaffirming that Member States have an important role in that regard,", "Expressing grave concern at the transnational organized crime, including the smuggling and trafficking in persons, drugs and small arms and light weapons, which pose a threat to development, peace and security and human rights, and expressing grave concern at the increasing vulnerability of States to such crimes,", "Convinced of the importance of preventing youth crimes, supporting the rehabilitation and reintegration of young offenders, protecting child victims and witnesses, including efforts to prevent them from being harmed again and addressing the needs of their children, and stressing that, as requested in the Convention on the Rights of the Child [8] and its Optional Protocols [9] and, where appropriate, other relevant United Nations juvenile justice standards and guidelines, these responses should take into account the human rights and the best interests of children and young people,", "Concerned at the serious challenges and threats posed by illicit trafficking in weapons, their parts and components and ammunition activities, and about the links between such trafficking and other forms of transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking and terrorism,", "Deeply concerned at the links between certain forms of transnational organized crime and terrorism, and stressing the need to strengthen cooperation at the national, subregional, regional and international levels in order to strengthen responses to this evolving challenge,", "Concerned at the increasing infiltration of proceeds of crime by criminal organizations and their proceeds of crime into the economy,", "Recognizing that action against transnational organized crime and terrorism is a shared responsibility, and underlining the need to work together to prevent and combat transnational organized crime, corruption and terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,", "Emphasizing that the principle of national sovereignty must be fully respected in responding to transnational organized crime and in conformity with the rule of law, as part of an integrated response, to promote durable solutions through the promotion of human rights and more equitable socio-economic conditions,", "Encourages Member States to develop comprehensive crime prevention policies, as appropriate, and to address such factors in a comprehensive manner, in order to raise awareness of the multiple factors contributing to crime,", "Recognizing the need for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to maintain a balance in technical cooperation capacity among all relevant priorities identified by the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council,", "Recognizing also that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime provides an important basis for international cooperation in the areas of extradition, mutual legal assistance and forfeiture as a means to be further utilized in that regard, in the light of the wide scope and scope of application of the parties,", "Bearing in mind the need to ensure universal adherence to and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, and urging States parties to fully and effectively utilize those instruments,", "Welcoming the regional approach taken by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to programme planning, based on sustained consultations and collaboration among partners at the national and regional levels, in particular through practical implementation, and focusing on ensuring that the Office responds to Member States' priorities in a sustainable and consistent manner,", "Recognizing that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has made overall progress in the work of providing advisory services and assistance to Member States, upon request, in the fight against corruption, organized crime, money-laundering, terrorism, abduction and trafficking in persons, including, where appropriate, support and protection of victims, family members and witnesses, and in the fight against drug trafficking and international cooperation, with special emphasis on extradition and mutual legal assistance,", "Reiterating its concern at the overall financial situation of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report prepared by the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 39/32; [10]", "Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto1 as the principal means of the international community to combat transnational organized crime;", "Notes with appreciation that the States parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime have reached 1004, which strongly demonstrates the determination of the international community to combat transnational organized crime;", "Urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, the United Nations Convention against Corruption2 and the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism;", "Encourages States parties and signatories to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to support the activities of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group established at the fifth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in order to establish one or more mechanisms to facilitate the review of the implementation of the Convention and its Protocols; and looks forward to the terms of reference of such review mechanisms at the sixth session of the Conference;", "Notes with appreciation the convening of an open-ended intergovernmental expert group meeting to study comprehensively the issue of cybercrime and the responses of Member States, the international community and the private sector, including the exchange of information on national legislation, best practices, technical assistance and international cooperation, with a view to reviewing options to strengthen existing national and international legal and other responses to cybercrime and to propose new responses;", "Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme in promoting effective action to strengthen international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice and the importance of the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the fulfilment of its mandate in the area of crime prevention and criminal justice, including the provision of technical cooperation, advisory services and other forms of assistance to Member States, upon request, and the coordination and complementarity of the work of all relevant United Nations bodies and bodies;", "Recommends that Member States take a comprehensive and integrated approach to crime prevention and criminal justice reform on the basis of baseline assessments and data collection, with a focus on all sectors of the justice system, in accordance with their national circumstances, and develop crime prevention policies, strategies and programmes; and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, upon request;", "Encourages States to implement national and local crime prevention action plans, which should, inter alia, take into account, in an integrated, integrated and participatory manner, the factors contributing to the abuse and/or higher risk of crime in certain groups and sites, and stresses that crime prevention should be seen as an integral part of relevant strategies to promote social and economic development in countries;", "Calls upon Member States to strengthen, as appropriate, bilateral, subregional, regional and international cooperation efforts to effectively combat transnational organized crime;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to provide technical assistance and advisory services, within existing resources and within its mandate, in coordination with relevant Member States and regional and subregional organizations in the implementation of the regional and subregional programmes of the Office;", "Also requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide, within its mandate, technical assistance in crime prevention and criminal justice to Member States, upon request, to strengthen the capacity of national criminal justice systems to investigate and prosecute all forms of crime and to protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of the accused and the legitimate interests of victims and witnesses;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, in accordance with relevant United Nations instruments and internationally recognized standards, including, where applicable, the recommendations of relevant intergovernmental bodies, in particular the Financial Action Task Force, as well as relevant anti-money-laundering initiatives of regional, interregional and multilateral organizations, in order to counter money-laundering and the financing of terrorism through the Global Programme on Countering Money Laundering, Crime Prevention and Financing of Terrorism;", "Urges Member States to strengthen bilateral, regional and international cooperation in order to enable Member States, in accordance with the provisions of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption relating to asset recovery, in particular chapter V thereof, to return assets that are illegally acquired through corruption to their countries of origin, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its existing mandate, to continue to provide assistance for this purpose at the bilateral, regional and international levels, and urges Member States to combat and punish corruption and the laundering of proceeds of corruption;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue promoting international and regional cooperation, including by helping to build regional networks active in the area of legal and law enforcement cooperation in the area of transnational organized crime, as appropriate, and to promote cooperation among all such networks, including by providing technical assistance when needed;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as appropriate, to strengthen its collaboration with intergovernmental, international and regional organizations with the mandate of transnational organized crime in order to share best practices and utilize the comparative advantages specific to the organizations;", "Acknowledges the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to assist Member States in building and strengthening their capacities to prevent and combat kidnapping, and requests the Office to continue to provide technical assistance to enhance international cooperation, in particular mutual legal assistance, in order to effectively combat this increasingly serious crime;", "Recalls the emerging policy issues identified in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the mandates of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, in particular the technical cooperation activities of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime10, namely piracy, cybercrime, abuse and exploitation of children, trafficking in cultural property, illegal financial flows and illicit trafficking in endangered wildlife, and requests the Office to consider ways and means to address these issues within the mandate of the Office, taking into account Economic and Social Council resolutions 2007/12 of 25 July 2007 on the strategy for the period 2008-2011 for the Office and 2007/19 of 26 July 2007;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its existing mandate, to strengthen the collection, analysis and dissemination of accurate, reliable and comparable data and information in order to enhance knowledge of crime trends and to support Member States in developing appropriate responses in specific areas of crime, in particular those involving transnational crime, taking into account the need to make the best possible use of available resources;", "Urges Member States and relevant international organizations, in cooperation with the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, to develop national and regional strategies and other necessary measures, as appropriate, for the effective fight against transnational organized crime, including trafficking in persons, the smuggling of migrants, the illicit manufacture of and trafficking in firearms, and corruption and terrorism;", "Urges States parties to take advantage of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime6 to cooperate widely to prevent and combat crimes against cultural property, in particular the return of proceeds of crime or property to their legitimate owners, in accordance with article 14, paragraph 2, of the Convention, and requests the State party to coordinate, as appropriate, administrative and other measures taken to prevent, detect and punish such crimes, in accordance with domestic law;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide assistance to requesting Member States, including through technical assistance, in the fight against illicit trafficking in weapons, their parts and components and ammunition, and to support Member States in their efforts to address their links with other forms of transnational organized crime;", "Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and its regional offices in building capacities for the fight against transnational organized crime and drug trafficking at the local level, and urges the Office, in deciding to close and open regional offices, to take into account the vulnerabilities, projects and impacts of regional and developing countries in the fight against transnational organized crime, with a view to continuing to effectively support national and regional efforts in these areas;", "Encourages Member States to support the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in continuing to provide, at the request of the affected countries, targeted technical assistance to strengthen their capacities to combat piracy, including by assisting Member States in the development of effective law enforcement responses and strengthening the judicial capacity of Member States;", "Welcomes the progress made by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption in fulfilling their respective mandates;", "Encourages the State party to continue to fully support the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, including by providing information on implementation to both meetings;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with adequate resources for the effective implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, in accordance with its mandate, and to fulfil its functions as the secretariats of the Conferences of the Parties, the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "Notes with appreciation the establishment and successful functioning of the review mechanism for the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and encourages the States parties and signatories to the Convention to fully support the mechanism established by the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention;", "Welcomes the successful closing of the fourth Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, from 24 to 28 October 2011, and the resolutions adopted at that session, including the Marrakesh Declaration on the Prevention of Corruption, and requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the fourth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;", "Reiterates its request to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in close consultation with the Counter-Terrorism Committee and its Executive Directorate, to strengthen technical assistance to requesting Member States by promoting the ratification and implementation of the world conventions and protocols related to terrorism, to strengthen international cooperation in the area of preventing and combating terrorism, while continuing to assist the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force in its work, and invites Member States to provide the Office with the appropriate resources necessary to carry out its mandate;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide, at the request of Member States, technical assistance in strengthening the rule of law, taking into account the work of the Secretariat's Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group and other relevant United Nations bodies;", "Encourages Member States, in accordance with their national circumstances, to take relevant measures to ensure the dissemination, adoption and application of United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice, including consideration and dissemination, where necessary, of existing guidelines and manuals developed and published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime;", "Reaffirms that, in accordance with the high-priority of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme and in accordance with the growing needs of all parties for their services, in particular in order to increase assistance to developing countries, countries with economies in transition and post-conflict countries in the area of crime prevention and criminal justice reform, adequate, stable and predictable funding must be provided to enable it to fully implement its mandate;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the mandates of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme and on emerging policy issues and possible responses;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his report referred to in paragraph 34 above information on the ratification or accession of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[3] Resolution 60/288.", "[4] See resolution 62/272; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Plenary Meetings, 117-120 meetings (A/62/PV.117-120) and corrigendum.", "[5] See resolution 64297; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Plenary Meetings, 116-117th meetings (A/64/PV.116 and 117) and corrigendum.", "[6] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[8] Ibid., vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[9] Ibid., vol. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531.", "[10] A/63/303." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/463)通过]", "66/182. 联合国非洲预防犯罪和罪犯待遇研究所", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月21日第65/231号决议和所有其他相关决议，", "表示注意到秘书长的报告，[1]", "铭记预防犯罪方面存在的薄弱点会导致后来在犯罪控制机制一级出现困难，又铭记为非洲制订有效预防犯罪战略的迫切需要以及区域和次区域一级执法机构和司法机关的重要性，", "意识到新的、更加多变的犯罪趋势对非洲国家国民经济造成的严重破坏影响，诸如跨国有组织犯罪在非洲呈高发状态，包括利用数字技术实施各种网络犯罪、非法贩运文化财产以及从事贩毒、海盗和洗钱活动，并意识到犯罪活动是非洲和谐与可持续发展的一个主要障碍，", "关切地注意到大多数非洲国家的现有刑事司法系统缺乏足够精专的人才和足够的基础设施，因而没有能力应对新犯罪趋势的出现，并承认非洲在诉讼程序和惩戒机构管理方面面临的挑战，", "确认联合国非洲预防犯罪和罪犯待遇研究所是一个协调中心，可协调为促进各国政府、学术界、各机构以及科学和专业组织及专家在预防犯罪和刑事司法方面积极合作与协调而开展的一切专业努力，", "铭记《非洲联盟药物管制和预防犯罪订正行动计划(2007-2012年)》的目的是鼓励会员国参加和自主掌握有效预防犯罪、善治及加强司法的区域举措，", "确认促进可持续发展作为预防犯罪战略一项补充要素的重要性，", "强调需要在实现有效的预防犯罪政策过程中与所有伙伴建立必要的联盟，", "注意到该研究所的财政状况严重影响其向非洲会员国提供有效和全面服务的能力，", "1. 赞扬联合国非洲预防犯罪和罪犯待遇研究所努力促进和协调与非洲预防犯罪和刑事司法制度有关的区域技术合作活动；", "2. 又赞扬联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室主动加强与研究所的工作关系，支持和促使研究所参与若干活动，包括参与《非洲联盟药物管制和预防犯罪订正行动计划(2007-2012年)》所载的关于加强非洲法治和刑事司法系统的活动；", "3. 重申有必要进一步加强研究所的能力，以支持非洲各国的国家预防犯罪和刑事司法机制；", "4. 注意到研究所努力与这些国家内正推动实施预防犯罪方案的组织建立联系，并与非洲联盟委员会、东非共同体、西非国家经济共同体委员会、政府间发展管理局和南部非洲发展共同体等区域和次区域政治实体保持密切联系；", "5. 鼓励研究所与联合国相关机构合作，在制订其预防犯罪战略时考虑到该区域各规划当局注重协调活动以促进在可持续农业生产和环境保护基础上实现发展；", "6. 敦促研究所成员国继续竭尽全力履行其对研究所的义务；", "7. 欢迎研究所理事会2011年4月27和28日在内罗毕举行的第十一届常会上决定对研究所进行一次审查，以确保研究所能够执行任务并在应对现有犯罪活动方面发挥更主要的作用；", "8. 又欢迎研究所在与会员国、伙伴和联合国实体一起执行各项方案时实行费用分摊举措；", "9. 敦促所有会员国和非政府组织以及国际社会继续采取具体实际措施，支持研究所发展必要能力并实施各项方案和活动，以加强非洲预防犯罪和刑事司法系统；", "10. 敦促尚未批准或加入《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书[2] 和《联合国反腐败公约》[3] 的所有国家考虑批准或加入这些文书；", "11. 请秘书长加紧努力，动员联合国系统所有相关实体向研究所提供必要的财政和技术支持，使其能够执行任务；同时考虑到研究所严峻的财政状况非常有损其有效提供服务的能力；", "12. 又请秘书长继续努力调动必要的财政资源，以便研究所维持所需的核心专业工作人员，使其能有效运作，履行其法定义务；", "13. 鼓励研究所考虑侧重处理每个方案国的特有和一般脆弱性，并通过与区域和地方机构建立有益的联盟，最大程度地借助现有举措，以现有的资金及可用的能力来处理犯罪问题；", "14. 吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续同研究所密切合作；", "15. 请秘书长加大力度促进区域合作、协调和协作，打击犯罪，特别是打击仅靠国家行动不足以应付的跨国犯罪；", "16. 又请秘书长继续提出具体建议，包括提供更多的核心专业人员，以加强研究所的方案和活动，并向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议执行情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/66/131。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225、2237、2241和2326卷，第39574号。", "[3] 同上，第2349卷，第42146号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "66/182. United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/231 of 21 December 2010 and all other relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary‑General,[1]", "Bearing in mind that weaknesses in crime prevention lead to subsequent difficulties at the level of crime control mechanisms, and bearing in mind also the urgent need to establish effective crime prevention strategies for Africa, as well as the importance of law enforcement agencies and the judiciary at the regional and subregional levels,", "Aware of the devastating impact of new and more dynamic crime trends on the national economies of African States, such as the high levels of transnational organized crime being recorded in Africa, including the utilization of digital technology to commit all types of cybercrime, illicit trafficking in cultural property and drugs, piracy and money‑laundering, and of the fact that crime is a major obstacle to harmonious and sustainable development in Africa,", "Noting with concern that in most African countries the existing criminal justice system does not have sufficiently skilled personnel and adequate infrastructure and is therefore ill‑equipped to manage the emergence of new crime trends, and acknowledging the challenges that Africa faces in litigation processes and the management of correctional institutions,", "Recognizing that the United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders is a focal point for all professional efforts aimed at promoting the active cooperation and collaboration of Governments, academics, institutions and scientific and professional organizations and experts in crime prevention and criminal justice,", "Bearing in mind the Revised African Union Plan of Action on Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2007–2012), aimed at encouraging Member States to participate in and own the regional initiatives for effective crime prevention and good governance and strengthened justice administration,", "Recognizing the importance of promoting sustainable development as a complement to crime prevention strategies,", "Emphasizing the need to create necessary coalitions with all partners in the process of achieving effective crime prevention policies,", "Noting that the financial situation of the Institute has greatly affected its capacity to deliver its services to African Member States in an effective and comprehensive manner,", "1. Commends the United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders for its efforts to promote and coordinate regional technical cooperation activities related to crime prevention and criminal justice systems in Africa;", "2. Also commends the initiative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in strengthening its working relationship with the Institute by supporting and involving the Institute in the implementation of a number of activities, including those contained in the Revised African Union Plan of Action on Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2007–2012), on strengthening the rule of law and criminal justice systems in Africa;", "3. Reiterates the need to strengthen further the capacity of the Institute to support national mechanisms for crime prevention and criminal justice in African countries;", "4. Notes the efforts of the Institute to establish contacts with organizations in those countries which are promoting crime prevention programmes and its maintenance of close links with regional and subregional political entities, such as the African Union Commission, the East African Community, the Commission of the Economic Community of West African States, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the Southern African Development Community;", "5. Encourages the Institute, in cooperation with relevant United Nations agencies, to take into account the various planning authorities in the region that focus attention on the coordination of activities that promote development based on sustainable agricultural production and preservation of the environment in developing its crime prevention strategies;", "6. Urges the States members of the Institute to continue to make every possible effort to meet their obligations to the Institute;", "7. Welcomes the decision of the Governing Board of the Institute, at its eleventh ordinary session, held in Nairobi on 27 and 28 April 2011, to carry out a review of the Institute to ensure that it can fulfil its mandate and assume a more prominent role in dealing with existing crime;", "8. Also welcomes the introduction by the Institute of a cost‑sharing initiative in its execution of various programmes with Member States, partners and United Nations entities;", "9. Urges all Member States and non‑governmental organizations and the international community to continue adopting concrete practical measures to support the Institute in the development of the requisite capacity and in the implementation of its programmes and activities aimed at strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice systems in Africa;", "10. Urges all States that have not already done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto,[2] as well as the United Nations Convention against Corruption;[3]", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to intensify efforts to mobilize all relevant entities of the United Nations system to provide the necessary financial and technical support to the Institute to enable it to fulfil its mandate, bearing in mind that the precarious financial situation of the Institute greatly undermines its capacity to deliver services effectively;", "12. Also requests the Secretary‑General to continue his efforts to mobilize the financial resources necessary to maintain the Institute with the core professional staff required to enable it to function effectively in the fulfilment of its mandated obligations;", "13. Encourages the Institute to consider focusing on specific and general vulnerabilities of each programme country and to maximize the use of available initiatives to address crime problems with existing funds, as well as available capacity, by creating useful coalitions with regional and local institutions;", "14. Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to work closely with the Institute;", "15. Requests the Secretary‑General to enhance the promotion of regional cooperation, coordination and collaboration in the fight against crime, especially in its transnational dimension, which cannot be dealt with adequately by national action alone;", "16. Also requests the Secretary‑General to continue making concrete proposals, including for the provision of additional core professional staff, to strengthen the programmes and activities of the Institute and to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/131.", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/463)]", "United Nations Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 831 of 21 December 2010 and all other relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, including alternative approaches", "Bearing in mind that the weaknesses in crime prevention lead to the subsequent difficulties at the level of the crime control mechanism, and bearing in mind the urgent need for effective crime prevention strategies for Africa and the importance of law enforcement agencies and the judiciary at the regional and subregional levels,", "Aware of the serious impact of new and more volatile crime trends on the national economy of African States, such as the high incidence of transnational organized crime in Africa, including the use of digital technologies for the implementation of cyber crime, illicit trafficking in cultural property and drug trafficking, piracy and money-laundering activities, and aware that criminal activities constitute a major obstacle to the harmonious and sustainable development of Africa,", "Noting with concern the lack of adequate talent and adequate infrastructure in the current criminal justice system in most African countries, and therefore the lack of capacity to respond to the emergence of new crime trends, and recognizing the challenges faced by Africa in the management of proceedings and corrections institutions,", "Recognizing that the United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders is a focal point for coordinating all professional efforts to promote active cooperation and coordination among Governments, academia, institutions and scientific and professional organizations and experts in crime prevention and criminal justice,", "Bearing in mind the revised Plan of Action for Drug Control and Crime Prevention of the African Union (2007-2012) aimed at encouraging Member States to participate and ownership in regional initiatives for effective crime prevention, good governance and strengthening justice,", "Recognizing the importance of promoting sustainable development as a complementary element of the crime prevention strategy,", "Emphasizing the need for the establishment of the necessary alliances with all partners in the implementation of effective crime prevention policies,", "Noting that the financial situation of the Institute seriously affects its ability to provide effective and comprehensive services to African Member States,", "Commends the efforts of the United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders to promote and coordinate regional technical cooperation activities related to the African crime prevention and criminal justice system;", "Also commends the initiative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen its working relationship with the Institute and to support and facilitate the participation of the Institute in a number of activities, including those contained in the Revised African Union Plan of Action on Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2007-2012) on strengthening the rule of law and criminal justice systems in Africa;", "Reaffirms the need to further strengthen the capacity of the Institute in support of national crime prevention and criminal justice mechanisms in Africa;", "Notes the efforts of the Institute to establish linkages with organizations that are promoting the implementation of crime prevention programmes in those countries and maintain close links with regional and subregional political entities, such as the African Union Commission, the East African Community, the Economic Community of West African States Commission, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the Southern African Development Community;", "Encourages the Institute, in cooperation with relevant United Nations agencies, to take into account the focus of the planning authorities in the region on coordinating activities to promote development based on sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection;", "Urges member States of the Institute to continue to make every effort to fulfil their obligations to the Institute;", "Welcomes the decision of the Board of Trustees of the Institute at its eleventh regular session, held in Nairobi on 27 and 28 April 2011, to conduct a review of the Institute to ensure that the Institute can carry out its mandate and play a more important role in responding to existing criminal activities;", "Also welcomes the cost-sharing initiatives undertaken by the Institute in conjunction with Member States, partners and United Nations entities in implementing programmes;", "Urges all Member States and non-governmental organizations, as well as the international community, to continue to take concrete practical measures to support the Institute in developing the necessary capacity and implementing programmes and activities to strengthen the crime prevention and criminal justice system in Africa;", "Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols [2] and the United Nations Convention against Corruption [3];", "Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts to mobilize all relevant entities of the United Nations system to provide the Institute with the necessary financial and technical support to enable it to carry out its mandate, taking into account the very precarious financial situation of the Institute to undermine its ability to deliver its services effectively;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to mobilize the necessary financial resources to enable the Institute to maintain the core professional staff required to enable it to function effectively and fulfil its mandated obligations;", "Encourages the Institute to consider focusing on the specific and general vulnerability of each programme country and to make the best possible use of existing initiatives to deal with crime with existing funds and available capacities through useful alliances with regional and local institutions;", "Calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to work closely with the Institute;", "Requests the Secretary-General to intensify efforts to promote regional cooperation, coordination and collaboration in combating crime, in particular by combating transnational crime that is not sufficient to respond to national actions alone;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to make specific recommendations, including the provision of additional core professionals, to strengthen the programmes and activities of the Institute and to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Abel 31.", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/464)通过]", "66/183. 国际合作对付世界毒品问题", "大会，", "重申大会第二十届特别会议通过的《政治宣言》、[1] 《减少毒品需求指导原则宣言》、[2] 《开展国际合作根除非法药用作物和促进替代发展行动计划》、[3] 《关于执行减少毒品需求指导原则宣言的行动计划》[4] 和麻醉药品委员会第四十六届会议部长级部分通过的部长联合声明，[5]", "回顾大会在其2009年12月18日第64/182号决议中通过了麻醉药品委员会第五十二届会议高级别部分通过的《关于开展国际合作以综合、平衡战略应对世界毒品问题的政治宣言和行动计划》，[6] 吁请各国采取必要措施，全面实施其中所列行动，以期及时实现各项目标和具体目标，", "又回顾其1998年12月9日第53/115号决议，其中大会敦促各国政府、联合国有关机关、专门机构及其他国际组织在接到要求后协助和支持过境国，特别是需要这种援助和支持的发展中国家，以提高它们打击非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物的能力,", "还回顾《联合国千年宣言》、[7] 《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[8] 中涉及世界毒品问题的规定、《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的政治宣言》[9] 以及联合国其他相关决议，包括大会2010年12月21日第65/233号决议及关于开展区域和国际合作以防止转用或走私前体的决议，", "回顾经济及社会理事会通过了关于联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室职能调整和战略框架修改的2010年7月22日第2010/17和2010/21号决议，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长努力在联合国系统内制定一个有效和全面方针以应对跨国有组织犯罪和世界毒品问题，重申会员国在此方面的关键作用，", "欣见会员国努力遵循经1972年《议定书》修正的1961年《麻醉品单一公约》、[10] 1971年《精神药物公约》[11] 和1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》的各项规定，[12]", "又欣见《麻醉品单一公约》通过五十周年，", "认识到这三项打击非法使用和贩运药物的国际药物管制公约得到普遍加入和实施的重要性，", "欣见联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室为对其活动采用专题和区域方案办法而采取的措施，并注意到在落实此办法过程中取得的进展，", "回顾麻醉药品委员会第五十四届会议通过的所有决议，[13]", "严重关切的是，尽管各国、相关组织、民间社会和非政府组织不断地加紧努力，世界毒品问题仍严重威胁公众健康和安全及全人类福祉，特别是儿童和青年及其家庭的福祉，以及各国的国家安全和主权，而且损害社会、经济和政治稳定及可持续发展，", "深为关切的是，需要采取一切适当措施，包括立法、行政、社会和教育措施，以保护儿童和青年，避免他们非法使用相关条约所定义的麻醉药品和精神药物，防范儿童和青年被利用于非法生产和贩运此类物质，并敦促各国政府执行麻醉药品委员会2010年3月12日第53/10号决议，[14]", "严重关切地注意到全球滥用某些药品现象增多，新物质大量出现，诸如麻醉药品委员会2010年3月12日第53/13号决议¹⁴ 所述的物质，而且参与制造和分销此类物质的跨国有组织犯罪团伙也日益复杂，", "又严重关切地注意到全球滥用和制造苯丙胺类兴奋剂活动有所增加，用于非法制造麻醉药品和精神药物的化学前体扩散，而且有组织犯罪团伙的转用活动出现了新办法，", "确认近年来在世界一些地方出现了使用不受国际药物管制条约管制但可能构成潜在公共健康风险的物质的情况，并注意到关于包括合成大麻素受体激动剂、具有类似大麻所致的那种刺激精神作用的物质(最常见的是草药混合物)及作为浴用盐推销的精神作用药物的生产或制造活动的报道日益增加，", "又确认法医和科学实验及治疗中心的数据和优质信息对于了解非法合成药物问题及非法市场上可得到的各种产品具有重大意义，", "指出有必要按照经1972年《议定书》修正的1961年《麻醉品单一公约》以及1971年《精神药物公约》促进为医疗和科学目的适当提供国际管制的麻醉药品和精神药物并防止其被转用和滥用，在这方面回顾麻醉药品委员会通过的2010年3月12日第53/4号¹⁴ 和2011年3月25日第54/6号决议，¹³", "确认通过国际合作做出的持续的集体努力表明，在减少需求和减少供应方面可以产生积极成果，并表示赞赏区域和国际各级在这方面采取的各项举措，", "又确认麻醉药品委员会及其附属机构和国际麻醉品管制局作为主要负责药物管制问题的联合国机构的主要作用，还确认需要促进和协助有效执行及后续跟进《关于开展国际合作以综合、平衡战略应对世界毒品问题的政治宣言和行动计划》，", "重申要解决世界毒品问题各个方面，就必须对减少供应作出政治承诺，以此作为平衡和综合药物管制战略的一个组成部分，同时遵循大会第二十届特别会议通过的《政治宣言》中阐明的原则以及包括同样在该届会议上通过的《开展国际合作根除非法药用作物和促进替代发展行动计划》在内的各项加强国际合作应对世界毒品问题措施，[15]", "同样重申要减少非法药物使用及其后果，就必须对努力减少需求作出政治承诺，而且必须体现于持续广泛的减少需求举措，纳入涵盖预防、教育、早期发现和干预、治疗、护理和相关支助服务、复原支助、康复和重返社会等领域的综合公共卫生方针，这些举措应对年龄和性别有敏感认识，全面遵循三项国际药物管制公约，而且依照大会第二十届特别会议通过的《减少毒品需求指导原则宣言》和麻醉药品委员会第五十二届会议高级别部分通过的《开展国际合作以采用综合平衡战略处理世界毒品问题的政治宣言和行动计划》以及其他相关的大会决议，", "回顾第64/182号决议所载建议，即经济及社会理事会专门举行一次高级别部分会议，讨论与世界毒品问题有关的专题，大会为解决世界毒品问题举行一届特别会议，", "意识到有必要使公众更多认识到世界毒品问题不同方面给所有社会带来的风险和威胁，", "重申应对世界毒品问题[16] 仍是一项共同分担的责任，需要开展有效和更有力的国际合作，并要求采用统筹、多学科、相辅相成和平衡的做法来推行减少供应和需求的战略，", "1. 再次吁请各国及时采取必要措施，实施大会第六十四届会议通过的《关于开展国际合作以综合、平衡战略应对世界毒品问题的政治宣言和行动计划》⁶ 所列各项行动，实现其中规定的目标和具体目标；", "2. 重申对付世界毒品问题是共同分担的责任，必须在多边环境下处理，采取统筹兼顾的方针，而且在履行这一责任时必须充分遵循《联合国宪章》各项宗旨和原则以及国际法其他规定、《世界人权宣言》[17] 及关于人权问题的《维也纳人权宣言和行动纲领》，[18] 特别是充分尊重各国主权和领土完整、不干涉他国内政原则及所有人权和基本自由，并以权利平等和相互尊重原则为基础；", "3. 吁请会员国开展有效合作和切实行动，以按照共同分担责任的原则，对付世界毒品问题；", "4. 承诺促进双边、区域和国际合作，包括情报交流和跨界合作，以期更有效对付世界毒品问题，尤其是为此鼓励和支持最直接受非法作物种植及非法生产、制造、转口、贩运、分销和滥用麻醉药品和精神药物活动影响的国家开展此类合作；", "5. 重申会员国承诺充分遵循三项国际毒品管制公约并依照本国立法，以科学证据为依托，促进、制订、审查或加强有效、全面、综合的减少毒品需求方案，涵盖广泛措施，包括初级预防、教育、早期发现和干预、治疗、护理和相关支助服务、复原支助和重返社会工作，从而增进个人、家庭和社区的健康和社会福祉，减少滥用毒品问题给个人和全社会造成的后果，同时考虑到妇女的需要和高危吸毒者所构成的特殊挑战，并且要求会员国投入更多资源，以确保无歧视地包括在拘留设施中落实这些干预措施，同时铭记这些干预措施也应考虑到诸如贫穷和社会边缘化等损害人类发展的脆弱因素；", "6. 建议经济及社会理事会高级别部分之一专门讨论与世界毒品问题相关的主题，并建议大会举行一次关于世界毒品问题的特别会议；", "7. 极为关切地注意到滥用药物行为对个人和全社会造成的不良后果；重申所有会员国均承诺采用全面、互补和多部门减少毒品需求战略，尤其是针对儿童、年轻人及其家庭采用此类战略，对付这些问题；极为关切地注意到注射毒品使用者中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他血源性疾病病例惊人增加；重申所有会员国承诺充分遵循各项国际毒品管制公约并依照本国立法，致力实现使所有人都能利用全面预防方案并获得治疗、照顾和相关支助服务的目标，同时考虑到大会所有相关决议以及适用情况下考虑到世界卫生组织、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室、联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署《关于各国订立具体目标以针对注射毒品使用者普及艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理的技术指南》；[19] 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室与世界卫生组织、联合国开发计划署和联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署等联合国系统相关组织和方案密切合作执行这方面的任务；", "8. 敦促会员国酌情制订国家对策，对付受毒品影响下驾车的问题，办法包括交流关于有效对策的信息和最佳做法，包括与国际科学界和法律界进行互动接触；", "9. 鼓励会员国按照麻醉药品委员会第53/4¹⁴ 和54/6号决议¹³ 促进为医疗和科学目的适当提供国际管制的麻醉药品和精神药物并防止其被转用和滥用，请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室和国际麻醉品管制局在这方面继续努力；", "10. 肯定在对付世界毒品问题方面所作的持续努力和所取得的进展，非常关切地注意到非法生产和贩运鸦片活动继续存在，非法制造和贩运可卡因活动持续不断，非法生产和贩运大麻活动逐日增多，非法制造苯丙胺类兴奋剂活动正在全球扩散，前体日益被转作他用，同时也极为关切地注意到与此相关的非法药物分销和使用活动，强调指出有必要强化和加紧进行国家、区域和国际各级的联合努力，以便按照共同分担责任的原则，更全面地对付这些全球挑战，包括为此加强和更妥善协调技术和财政援助；", "11. 邀请会员国采取适当措施，以加强国际合作和信息交流，查明有组织犯罪团伙专门使用哪些新路线和作案手法来转用或走私麻醉药品和精神药物非法制造过程中经常使用的物质，特别是通过因特网从事贩运活动的问题，并继续向国际麻醉品管制局通报此类信息；", "12. 继续鼓励会员国按照麻醉药品委员会2010年3月12日第53/11号决议¹⁴ 促进分享与合成大麻素受体激动剂可能被滥用和贩运问题相关的信息；", "13. 认识到有必要收集关于各级开展国际合作以对付世界毒品问题的相关数据和资料，敦促会员国通过麻醉药品委员会支持对话，以便应对这一问题；", "14. 又认识到：", "(a) 针对生产麻醉药品和精神药物所用作物的非法种植问题的可持续作物管制战略要求在共担责任原则基础上开展国际合作，采取综合和平衡的做法，同时考虑到法治，并酌情考虑到安全关切问题，充分尊重国家主权和领土完整、不干涉国家内政原则及所有人权和基本自由；", "(b) 这类作物管制战略除其他以外包括变通发展方案及酌情包括预防性的变通发展方案及铲除工作和执法措施；", "(c) 这类作物管制战略应完全符合1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》¹² 第14条的规定，并按照国家政策进行适当协调和分阶段实施，以实现可持续地根除非法作物，此外还指出会员国需要承诺在与其他发展措施相协调的情况下，增加对这些战略的长期投资，以促进社会经济发展的可持续性和受影响农村地区的消除贫穷工作，同时在有历史证据显示曾合法使用过有关作物的地方，适当考虑到此类作物的传统合法用途，并适当考虑到环境保护；", "15. 还认识到具备变通发展方面广泛专长的发展中国家在推广来自此类方案的最佳做法和经验教训过程中起了重大作用，邀请它们继续与受非法作物种植影响的国家，包括新近摆脱冲突的国家，分享这些最佳做法，以便根据每个国家的具体国情，酌情加以利用；", "16. 敦促各国根据1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》第10条，并在共担责任原则及所有国家都需要以统筹、平衡方式推动和采取措施打击毒品问题各个方面的基础上，直接或通过主管区域组织和国际组织，增强与受非法毒品贩运活动影响的中转国之间的合作及对它们的协助；", "17. 请国际社会尤其是目的地国在共担责任原则基础上向受影响最大的过境国提供紧急和充分的技术援助和支持，以便增强这些国家打击非法药物流通的能力；", "18. 重申会员国迫切需要加强国际和区域合作，以便对付毒品贩运、洗钱、腐败和其他形式有组织犯罪，包括贩运人口、偷运移民、贩运武器、网络犯罪，有时还包括恐怖主义和资助恐怖主义等犯罪活动之间联系越来越多所构成的严重挑战，以及执法和司法当局在对付跨国犯罪组织为避免被发现和被起诉而不断变化手段这方面所面临的重大挑战；", "19. 认识到世界上一些区域毒品贩运与非法制造和贩运枪支之间的关联日益密切，必须防止这个问题扩散到其他区域，并敦促会员国按照其国际条约义务和其他相关国际标准采取适当措施，充分合作防止参与贩毒的犯罪组织获取和使用枪支弹药，打击非法制造和贩运此类枪支弹药的活动；", "20. 重申联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室及其区域办公室对于建设地方一级打击跨国有组织犯罪和毒品贩运活动的能力的重要性，敦促该办公室在决定关闭和开设区域办公室时，考虑各区域特别是发展中国家在打击毒品贩运方面的弱点、项目和影响，以继续有效支持各国和各区域努力解决世界毒品问题；", "21. 敦促联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室酌情加强同参与打击和应对世界毒品问题的政府间、国际和相关区域组织的协作，以分享最佳做法和科学标准，最大程度地相互受益于各自特有的相对优势；", "22. 请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续应要求向会员国提供技术援助，以期提高对付世界毒品问题的能力，包括加强实验室分析工作，方法包括开办培训方案以订立指标和工具，用于收集和分析世界毒品问题所有相关方面的准确、可靠和可比数据，并在适当情况下加强或制定新的国家指标和工具；邀请会员国在必要时并在考虑到具体需要和现有可用资源的情况下投资于收集和报告信息的能力建设和提高质量活动，并参与由联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室和(或)由其他的国家、区域或国际组织和机构组织的联合合作努力，以期交流数据收集、分析和评价领域的专家技术知识和毒品数据领域的实际经验；", "23. 邀请麻醉药品委员会作为联合国系统在毒品相关事项方面的中心决策机构，加强联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室收集、分析、使用和散发准确、可靠、客观和可比数据的能力并在《世界毒品问题报告》中反映这方面信息；", "24. 鼓励联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续努力支持各国应请求建立对国境内和跨国界沟通至关重要的行动框架，并协助交流和分析毒品贩运趋势方面的信息，以期在国家、区域和国际各级增进了解世界毒品问题；确认必须使全世界各个实验室一体化，为药物管制框架提供科学支助，并把优质的分析数据作为主要的信息来源；敦促与包括国际刑事警察组织(国际刑警组织)在内的其他国际实体协调；", "25. 敦促各国政府扩大捐助来源，增加自愿捐助，特别是增加一般用途捐助，以便向联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室提供尽可能充足的财政和政治支持，使其能够在任务规定范围内，继续开展、扩大、改进和加强其业务和技术合作活动，包括为了全面实施大会第二十届特别会议通过的《政治宣言》、¹ 麻醉药品委员会第五十二届会议高级别部分通过的《关于开展国际合作以综合、平衡战略应对世界毒品问题的政治宣言和行动计划》以及酌情包括委员会同届会议通过的相关决议，⁶ 并建议继续从联合国经常预算中为该办公室分拨充足资金，以便它能够以连贯一致和稳定的方式执行任务；", "26. 表示注意到麻醉药品委员会关于改进联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室治理和财务状况不限成员名额常设政府间工作组的建议的2011年3月25日第54/10号决议，¹³ 并鼓励会员国和禁毒办继续以务实、注重效果、高效和合作的方式处理属于该工作组任务范畴的问题；", "27. 鼓励麻醉药品委员会作为联合国在国际药物管制方面的主要决策机关和作为联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室毒品方案的理事机构以及国际麻醉品管制局加强各自的有益工作，对用于非法制造麻醉药物和精神药物的前体和其他化学品进行管制，并按照麻醉药品委员会2011年3月25日第54/8号决议¹³ 吁请国际麻醉品管制局同会员国进一步加强沟通，配合其确定对常用于非法制造麻醉药物和精神药物的前体化学品贸易实行更有效管制和监测的机会；", "28. 敦促尚未批准或加入经1972年《议定书》修正的1961年《麻醉品单一公约》、¹⁰ 1971年《精神药物公约》、¹¹ 1988年《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》、¹² 《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其各项议定书[20] 和《联合国反腐败公约》[21] 的国家优先考虑批准或加入这些公约，并敦促缔约国优先执行这些文书的各项规定；", "29. 表示注意到麻醉药品委员会第五十四届会议通过的各项决议、¹³ 联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室《2011年世界毒品报告》[22] 以及国际麻醉品管制局最近的报告，[23] 吁请各国加强国际和区域合作，对付非法生产和贩运药物尤其是非法生产和贩运鸦片类药物活动对国际社会造成的威胁以及世界毒品问题的其他方面，继续在诸如《巴黎公约》[24] 和其他相关国际倡议框架内采取协调措施；", "30. 注意到国际麻醉品管制局需要足够资源来执行各项任务，重申管制局工作的重要性，鼓励它继续根据授权开展工作，敦促会员国依照经济及社会理事会1996年7月23日第1996/20号决议承诺作出共同努力，尽可能向管制局拨供充分、足够的预算资源，强调必须保持管制局的能力，除其他外由秘书长提供适当的手段并由联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室提供适当的技术支持，并要求加强会员国与管制局之间的合作与谅解，使管制局能够执行其根据各项国际药物管制公约承担的任务；", "31. 强调民间社会尤其是非政府组织在解决世界毒品问题方面发挥的重要作用，赞赏地注意到它们对审查进程的重要贡献，并指出，应酌情使受影响民众和民间社会实体的代表能够参与制订和执行减少毒品需求和供应的政策；", "32. 鼓励会员国通过协商途径确保民间社会在药物管制方案和政策的制定和实施中酌情发挥参与作用，尤其是在减少寻求方面；", "33. 鼓励各国禁毒执法机构负责人会议及麻醉药品委员会近东和中东非法贩运毒品及有关事项小组委员会会议继续推动加强区域和国际合作，并在这方面肯定2011年9月5日至9日在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的非洲国家禁毒执法机构负责人第二十一次会议和2011年10月3日至7日在圣地亚哥举行的拉丁美洲和加勒比国家禁毒执法机构负责人第二十一次会议所进行的讨论；", "34. 欢迎各区域组织和跨区域倡议正在努力加强合作，打击非法贩运毒品，应对前体化学品的供应、需求和转作他用等活动，诸如独立国家联合体成员、三角举措、上海合作组织、经济合作组织、集体安全条约组织、欧亚反洗钱与反恐融资工作组和其他相关次区域和区域组织及倡议，包括上海合作组织2011-2016年缉毒战略、美洲国家组织美洲药物滥用管制委员会、欧洲打击国际毒品贩运和制止合成药物契约和东南亚国家联盟负责禁毒事务高级官员为打击非法药物生产、贩运和使用工作计划(2009-2015年)，目的是到2015年使东南亚成为无毒品区域，以及加勒比共同体成员国、多米尼加共和国和美利坚合众国近期在加勒比海盆安全倡议框架内加大合作力度，目的之一是大幅减少麻醉药物非法贩运；", "35. 邀请会员国与联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室、捐助者和其他相关国际组织密切协商，按照麻醉药品委员会2011年3月25日第54/14号决议，¹³ 继续协助非洲国家应对与滥用一切药物有关的健康问题，提高对这方面危险性的认识；在此方面欢迎麻醉药品委员会与非洲联盟委员会签署一项谅解备忘录，其中商定这两个组织将努力提高活动的互补性；", "36. 吁请联合国相关机构和实体以及其他国际组织，并邀请国际金融机构，包括区域开发银行，将药物管制问题纳入各自方案的主流，并吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室继续发挥主导作用，提供相关信息和技术援助；", "37. 表示注意到秘书长的报告，[25] 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] S-20/2号决议，附件。", "[2] S-20/3号决议，附件。", "[3] S-20/4E号决议。", "[4] 第54/132号决议，附件。", "[5] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2003年，补编第8号》(E/2003/28/Rev.1)，第一章，C节。", "[6] 同上，《2009年，补编第8号》(E/2009/28)，第一章，C节。", "[7] 见第55/2号决议。", "[8] 见第60/1号决议。", "[9] 第60/262号决议，附件。", "[10] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第976卷，第14152号。", "[11] 同上，第1019卷，第14956号。", "[12] 同上，第1582卷，第27627号。", "[13] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2011年，补编第8号》(E/2011/28)，第一章，C节。", "[14] 同上，《2010年，补编第8号》(E/2010/28)，第一章，C节。", "[15] S-20/4A至E号决议。", "[16] 非法种植药物作物，非法生产、制造、出售、索求、贩运和分销麻醉药物和精神药物，包括苯丙胺类兴奋剂，前体转作他用和相关犯罪活动。", "[17] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[18] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[19] 可查阅www.who.int/hiv/pub/idu/targetsetting/en/index.html。", "[20] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225、2237、2241和2326卷，第39574号。", "[21] 同上，第2349卷，第42146号。", "[22] 联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.11.XI.10。", "[23] 联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.11.XI.1。", "[24] 见S/2003/641，附件。", "[25] A/66/130。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/464)]", "66/183. International cooperation against the world drug problem", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session,[1] the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction,[2] the Action Plan on International Cooperation on the Eradication of Illicit Drug Crops and on Alternative Development,[3] the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction[4] and the joint ministerial statement adopted at the ministerial segment of the forty‑sixth session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs,[5]", "Recalling that, in its resolution 64/182 of 18 December 2009, the General Assembly adopted the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, as adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at the high‑level segment of its fifty‑second session,[6] and called upon States to take the measures necessary to fully implement the actions set out therein, with a view to attaining, in a timely manner, their goals and targets,", "Recalling also its resolution 53/115 of 9 December 1998, in which it urged Governments, the relevant United Nations bodies, the specialized agencies and other international organizations to assist and support, upon request, transit States, in particular developing countries in need of such assistance and support, aiming at enhancing their capacity to fight the illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[7] the provisions of the 2005 World Summit Outcome[8] addressing the world drug problem, the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS[9] and other relevant United Nations resolutions, including General Assembly resolution 65/233 of 21 December 2010 and those on regional and international cooperation to prevent the diversion and smuggling of precursors,", "Recalling the adoption by the Economic and Social Council of its resolutions 2010/17 and 2010/21 of 22 July 2010 on the realignment of the functions of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and changes to the strategic framework,", "Noting with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary‑General to develop, within the United Nations system, an effective and comprehensive approach to transnational organized crime and the world drug problem, and reaffirming the crucial role of Member States in this regard,", "Welcoming the efforts made by Member States to comply with the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol,[10] the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971[11] and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988,[12]", "Welcoming also the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,", "Recognizing the importance both of the universality of the three international drug control conventions against the illicit use and trafficking of drugs and of their implementation,", "Welcoming the measures taken by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to develop a thematic and regional programme approach to its activities, and noting the progress in the implementation of such an approach,", "Recalling all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its fifty‑fourth session,[13]", "Gravely concerned that, despite continuing increased efforts by States, relevant organizations, civil society and non‑governmental organizations, the world drug problem continues to constitute a serious threat to public health and safety and the well‑being of humanity, in particular children and young people and their families, and to the national security and sovereignty of States, and that it undermines socioeconomic and political stability and sustainable development,", "Deeply concerned about the need to take all appropriate measures, including legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, to protect children and young people against the illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as defined in the relevant treaties, and to prevent the use of children and young people in the illicit production of and trafficking in such substances, and urging Governments to implement Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/10 of 12 March 2010,[14]", "Noting with grave concern the global increased abuse of certain drugs and the proliferation of new substances, such as those indicated in Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/13 of 12 March 2010,¹⁴ as well as the increasing sophistication of the transnational organized criminal groups engaged in their manufacture and distribution,", "Noting with grave concern also the global increased abuse and manufacture of amphetamine‑type stimulants as well as the proliferation of chemical precursors used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and the emergence of new methods of diversion used by organized criminal groups,", "Recognizing that the use of substances that are not controlled under the international drug control treaties and that may pose potential public‑health risks has emerged in recent years in several regions of the world, and noting the increasing number of reports about the production or manufacture of substances, most commonly herbal mixtures, including synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists that have psychoactive effects similar to those produced by cannabis, and psychoactive substances marketed as bath salts,", "Recognizing also the critical importance of forensic and scientific laboratory and treatment centre data and qualitative information in understanding the problem of illicit synthetic drugs and the range of products available on the illicit market,", "Noting the need to promote adequate availability of internationally controlled narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes while preventing their diversion and abuse, in line with the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, and recalling in that regard Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolutions 53/4 of 12 March 2010¹⁴ and 54/6 of 25 March 2011,¹³", "Recognizing that sustained and collective efforts through international cooperation in demand reduction and supply reduction have shown that positive results can be achieved, and expressing its appreciation for the initiatives at the regional and international levels in this regard,", "Recognizing also the principal role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and its subsidiary bodies, together with the International Narcotics Control Board, as the United Nations organs with prime responsibility for drug control matters, and recognizing further the need to promote and facilitate the effective implementation of and follow‑up to the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,", "Reaffirming that countering the world drug problem in all its aspects requires a political commitment to reducing supply, as an integral component of a balanced and comprehensive drug control strategy, in accordance with the principles enshrined in the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session and the measures to enhance international cooperation to counter the world drug problem,[15] including the Action Plan on International Cooperation on the Eradication of Illicit Drug Crops and on Alternative Development, also adopted at that session,", "Reaffirming equally that reducing illicit drug use and its consequences requires a political commitment to efforts to reduce demand, which must be demonstrated by sustained widespread demand reduction initiatives that integrate a comprehensive public‑health approach spanning the spectrum of prevention, education, early detection and intervention, treatment, care and related support services, recovery support, rehabilitation and social reintegration efforts, and that are age‑ and gender‑sensitive, in full compliance with the three international drug control conventions and in accordance with the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction, adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session, and with the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at the high‑level segment of its fifty‑second session, and other relevant General Assembly resolutions,", "Recalling the recommendations contained in its resolution 64/182 that the Economic and Social Council devote one of its high‑level segments to a theme related to the world drug problem and that the General Assembly hold a special session to address the world drug problem,", "Conscious of the need to raise public awareness of the risks and threats posed to all societies by the different aspects of the world drug problem,", "Reaffirming that the world drug problem[16] remains a common and shared responsibility that requires effective and increased international cooperation and demands an integrated, multidisciplinary, mutually reinforcing and balanced approach to supply and demand reduction strategies,", "1. Reiterates its call upon States to take, in a timely manner, the measures necessary to implement the actions and attain the goals and targets set out in the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,⁶ adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty‑fourth session;", "2. Reaffirms that countering the world drug problem is a common and shared responsibility that must be addressed in a multilateral setting, requires an integrated and balanced approach and must be carried out in full conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other provisions of international law, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[17] and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action[18] on human rights, and, in particular, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, for the principle of non‑intervention in the internal affairs of States and for all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and on the basis of the principles of equal rights and mutual respect;", "3. Calls upon Member States to engage in effective cooperation and practical action aimed at addressing the world drug problem on the basis of the principle of common and shared responsibility;", "4. Undertakes to promote bilateral, regional and international cooperation, including through intelligence‑sharing and cross‑border cooperation, aimed at countering the world drug problem more effectively, in particular by encouraging and supporting such cooperation by those States most directly affected by illicit crop cultivation and the illicit production, manufacture, transit, trafficking, distribution and abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "5. Reiterates the commitment of Member States to promoting, developing, reviewing or strengthening effective, comprehensive, integrated drug demand reduction programmes, based on scientific evidence and covering a range of measures, including primary prevention, education, early detection and intervention, treatment, care and related support services, recovery support, rehabilitation and social reintegration efforts, aimed at promoting health and social well‑being among individuals, families and communities and reducing the adverse consequences of drug abuse for individuals and society as a whole, taking into account the specific needs of women and the particular challenges posed by high‑risk drug users, in full compliance with the three international drug control conventions and in accordance with national legislation, and commits Member States to investing increased resources in ensuring access to those interventions on a non‑discriminatory basis, including in detention facilities, bearing in mind that those interventions should also consider vulnerabilities that undermine human development, such as poverty and social marginalization;", "6. Recommends that the Economic and Social Council devote one of its high‑level segments to a theme related to the world drug problem, and also recommends that the General Assembly hold a special session to address the world drug problem;", "7. Notes with great concern the adverse consequences of drug abuse for individuals and society as a whole, reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to tackling those problems in the context of comprehensive, complementary and multisectoral drug demand reduction strategies, in particular such strategies targeting children, young people and their families, also notes with great concern the alarming rise in the incidence of HIV/AIDS and other blood‑borne diseases among injecting drug users, reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to working towards the goal of universal access to comprehensive prevention programmes and treatment, care and related support services, in full compliance with the international drug control conventions and in accordance with national legislation, taking into account all relevant General Assembly resolutions and, when applicable, the WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS Technical Guide for Countries to Set Targets for Universal Access to HIV Prevention, Treatment and Care for Injecting Drug Users,[19] and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to carry out its mandate in this area in close cooperation with relevant organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS;", "8. Urges Member States, where appropriate, to develop national responses to address the issue of drug‑affected driving by, inter alia, exchanging information and best practices on effective responses, including through engagement with the international scientific and legal communities;", "9. Encourages Member States to promote, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolutions 53/4¹⁴ and 54/6,¹³ the adequate availability of internationally controlled narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes while preventing their diversion and abuse, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Narcotics Control Board to continue their efforts in that regard;", "10. Acknowledges the continuing efforts made and the progress achieved in countering the world drug problem, notes with great concern the continuing illicit production of and trafficking in opium, the continuing illicit manufacture of and trafficking in cocaine, the increasing illicit production of and trafficking in cannabis, the ongoing global spread of the illicit manufacture of amphetamine‑type stimulants and the increasing diversion of precursors, as well as the related distribution and use of illicit drugs, and stresses the need to strengthen and intensify joint efforts at the national, regional and international levels to tackle those global challenges in a more comprehensive manner, in accordance with the principle of common and shared responsibility, including by means of enhanced and better‑coordinated technical and financial assistance;", "11. Invites Member States to take appropriate measures so as to strengthen international cooperation and the exchange of information regarding the identification of new routes and modi operandi of organized criminal groups dedicated to the diversion or smuggling of substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, in particular with respect to their trafficking via the Internet, and to continue to notify the International Narcotics Control Board of such information;", "12. Continues to encourage Member States to promote, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/11 of 12 March 2010,¹⁴ the sharing of information on the potential abuse of and trafficking in synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists;", "13. Recognizes the need to collect relevant data and information regarding international cooperation for countering the world drug problem at all levels, and urges Member States to support dialogue through the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in order to address this issue;", "14. Also recognizes that:", "(a) Sustainable crop control strategies targeting the illicit cultivation of crops used for the production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances require international cooperation based on the principle of shared responsibility and an integrated and balanced approach, taking into account the rule of law and, where appropriate, security concerns, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, the principle of non‑intervention in the internal affairs of States and all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "(b) Such crop control strategies include, inter alia, alternative development and, where appropriate, preventive alternative development programmes, eradication and law enforcement measures;", "(c) Such crop control strategies should be in full conformity with article 14 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988¹² and appropriately coordinated and phased in accordance with national policies in order to achieve the sustainable eradication of illicit crops, noting furthermore the need for Member States to undertake to increase long‑term investment in such strategies, coordinated with other development measures, in order to contribute to the sustainability of social and economic development and poverty eradication in affected rural areas, taking due account of the traditional licit uses of crops where there is historical evidence of such use and giving due consideration to the protection of the environment;", "15. Further recognizes the significant role played by developing countries with extensive expertise in alternative development in promoting best practices and lessons learned from such programmes, and invites them to continue sharing those best practices with States affected by illicit crop cultivation, including those emerging from conflict, with a view to using them, where appropriate, in accordance with the national specificities of each State;", "16. Urges Member States to intensify their cooperation with and assistance to transit States affected by illicit drug trafficking, directly or through the competent regional and international organizations, in accordance with article 10 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, and on the basis of the principle of shared responsibility and the need for all States to promote and implement measures to counter the drug problem in all its aspects with an integrated and balanced approach;", "17. Requests the international community, in particular the countries of destination, to provide, on the basis of the principle of shared responsibility, urgent and sufficient technical assistance and support to the most affected transit States in order to promote the capacities of such States to counter the flow of illicit drugs;", "18. Reiterates the urgent need for Member States to strengthen international and regional cooperation in order to respond to the serious challenges posed by the increasing links between drug trafficking, money‑laundering, corruption and other forms of organized crime, including trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants, trafficking in firearms, cybercrime and, in some cases, terrorism and the financing of terrorism, and to the significant challenges faced by law enforcement and judicial authorities in responding to the ever‑changing means used by transnational criminal organizations to avoid detection and prosecution;", "19. Recognizes the increasing links between drug trafficking and the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms in some regions of the world and the need to prevent the spread of that problem to other regions, and urges Member States to take adequate measures, consistent with their international treaty obligations and other relevant international standards, to fully cooperate in preventing the acquisition and use of firearms and ammunition by criminal organizations involved in drug trafficking and in combating the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in such firearms and ammunition;", "20. Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and its regional offices in building capacity at the local level in the fight against transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, and urges the Office to consider regional vulnerabilities, projects and impact in the fight against drug trafficking, in particular in developing countries, when deciding to close and allocate offices, with a view to maintaining an effective level of support for national and regional efforts in combating the world drug problem;", "21. Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to increase collaboration with intergovernmental, international and relevant regional organizations involved in combating and addressing the world drug problem, as appropriate, in order to share best practices and scientific standards, and to maximize the benefits from their unique comparative advantage;", "22. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, upon request, to continue providing technical assistance to Member States so as to enhance capacity in countering the world drug problem, including enhancing the analytical work of laboratories, by carrying out training programmes to develop indicators and instruments for the collection and analysis of accurate, reliable and comparable data on all relevant aspects of the world drug problem and, where appropriate, enhance or develop new national indicators and instruments, and invites Member States to invest, where necessary and taking into account specific needs and available resources, in capacity‑building and quality‑enhancing activities for the collection and reporting of information, and to participate in joint cooperation efforts organized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and/or by other national, regional or international organizations and bodies, aimed at the exchange of technical knowledge of experts in the area of data collection, analysis and evaluation and of practical experience in the area of drug data;", "23. Invites the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, as the central policymaking body of the United Nations system on drug‑related matters, to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to collect, analyse, use and disseminate accurate, reliable, objective and comparable data and to reflect such information in the World Drug Report;", "24. Encourages the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue its efforts in supporting States to establish, upon request, operational frameworks essential for communication within and across national borders and in facilitating the exchange of information on and analysis of drug trafficking trends, with a view to increasing knowledge about the world drug problem at the national, regional and international levels, recognizes the importance of integrating laboratories and providing scientific support to drug control frameworks and of treating quality analytical data as a primary source of information worldwide, and urges coordination with other international entities, including the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL);", "25. Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime by widening its donor base and increasing voluntary contributions, in particular general‑purpose contributions, so as to enable it to continue, expand, improve and strengthen, within its mandates, its operational and technical cooperation activities, including with a view to the full implementation of the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session¹ and the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at the high‑level segment of its fifty‑second session, as well as, where appropriate, relevant resolutions adopted by the Commission at that session,⁶ and recommends that a sufficient share of the regular budget of the United Nations continue to be allocated to the Office to enable it to carry out its mandates in a consistent and stable manner;", "26. Takes note of Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 54/10 of 25 March 2011 on the recommendations of the standing open‑ended intergovernmental working group on improving the governance and financial situation of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,¹³ and encourages Member States and the Office to continue addressing the issues within the mandate of the working group in a pragmatic, results‑oriented, efficient and cooperative manner;", "27. Encourages the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, as the principal policymaking organ of the United Nations on matters of international drug control and as the governing body of the drug programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and the International Narcotics Control Board to strengthen their useful work on the control of precursors and other chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and, in accordance with Commission resolution 54/8 of 25 March 2011,¹³ urges the Board to further strengthen communication with Member States and to work with them in identifying opportunities for more effective control and monitoring of the trade in precursor chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "28. Urges States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to, and States parties to implement, as a matter of priority, all the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol,¹⁰ the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971,¹¹ the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988,¹² the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto[20] and the United Nations Convention against Corruption;[21]", "29. Takes note of the resolutions adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its fifty‑fourth session,¹³ the World Drug Report 2011 of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime[22] and the most recent report of the International Narcotics Control Board,[23] and calls upon States to strengthen international and regional cooperation to counter the threat to the international community caused by the illicit production of and trafficking in drugs, especially those in the opium group, as well as other aspects of the world drug problem, and to continue to take concerted measures within the framework of the Paris Pact[24] and other relevant international initiatives;", "30. Notes that the International Narcotics Control Board needs sufficient resources to carry out all its mandates, reaffirms the importance of its work, encourages it to continue to carry out its work in accordance with its mandates, urges Member States to commit themselves in a common effort to assigning, where possible, adequate and sufficient budgetary resources to the Board, in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/20 of 23 July 1996, emphasizes the need to maintain its capacity, inter alia, through the provision of appropriate means by the Secretary‑General and adequate technical support from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and calls for enhanced cooperation and understanding between Member States and the Board to enable it to implement all its mandates under the international drug control conventions;", "31. Emphasizes the important role played by civil society, in particular non‑governmental organizations, in addressing the world drug problem, notes with appreciation their important contribution to the review process, and also notes that representatives of affected populations and civil society entities, where appropriate, should be enabled to play a participatory role in the formulation and implementation of drug demand and supply reduction policy;", "32. Encourages Member States to ensure that civil society plays a participatory role, where appropriate, through consultation in the development and implementation of drug control programmes and policies, in particular with regard to aspects of demand reduction;", "33. Encourages the meetings of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies and of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to continue to contribute to the strengthening of regional and international cooperation, and in this regard acknowledges the discussions conducted at the twenty‑first meeting of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies, Africa, held in Addis Ababa from 5 to 9 September 2011, and Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Santiago from 3 to 7 October 2011;", "34. Welcomes the ongoing efforts to strengthen cooperation in combating illicit trafficking in drugs, addressing supply, demand and the diversion of precursor chemicals undertaken by regional organizations and transregional initiatives such as the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Triangular Initiative, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Group on Combating Money‑Laundering and Financing of Terrorism and other relevant subregional and regional organizations and initiatives, including the counter‑narcotics strategy of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization for the period 2011–2016, the Inter‑American Drug Abuse Control Commission of the Organization of American States, the European pacts to combat international drug trafficking and against synthetic drugs and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Senior Officials on Drug Matters workplan to combat illicit drug production, trafficking and use (2009–2015) with the aim of achieving a drug‑free South‑East Asia by 2015, as well as the recent intensification of partnering between the States members of the Caribbean Community, the Dominican Republic and the United States of America within the framework of the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative, which aims, inter alia, to substantially reduce illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs;", "35. Invites Member States, in close consultation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, donors and other relevant international organizations, to continue assisting African States in addressing health problems and raising awareness of the dangers associated with the abuse of all drugs, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 54/14 of 25 March 2011,¹³ and in this regard welcomes the signing of the memorandum of understanding between the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the African Union Commission, in which the two organizations agreed to work towards enhancing the complementarities of their activities;", "36. Calls upon the relevant United Nations agencies and entities and other international organizations, and invites international financial institutions, including regional development banks, to mainstream drug control issues into their programmes, and calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to maintain its leading role by providing relevant information and technical assistance;", "37. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General,[25] and requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution S‑20/2, annex.", "[2]  Resolution S‑20/3, annex.", "[3]  Resolution S‑20/4 E.", "[4]  Resolution 54/132, annex.", "[5]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2003, Supplement No. 8 (E/2003/28/Rev.1), chap. I, sect. C.", "[6]  Ibid., 2009, Supplement No. 8 (E/2009/28), chap. I, sect. C.", "[7]  See resolution 55/2.", "[8]  See resolution 60/1.", "[9]  Resolution 60/262, annex.", "[10]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[11]  Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[12]  Ibid., vol. 1582, No. 27627.", "[13]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 8 (E/2011/28), chap. I, sect. C.", "[14]  Ibid., 2010, Supplement No. 8 (E/2010/28), chap. I, sect. C.", "[15]  Resolutions S‑20/4 A–E.", "[16]  The illicit cultivation of drug crops, the illicit production, manufacture, sale, demand, trafficking and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including amphetamine‑type stimulants, the diversion of precursors and related criminal activities.", "[17]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[18]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[19]  Available from www.who.int/hiv/pub/idu/targetsetting/en/index.html.", "[20]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[21]  Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[22]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.11.XI.10.", "[23]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.11.XI.1.", "[24]  See S/2003/641, annex.", "[25]  A/66/130." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/464)]", "International cooperation in countering the world drug problem", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session, the Declaration on the Guiding Principles on Drug Demand Reduction, [2] Action Plan on International Cooperation on the Eradication of Illicit Drug Crops and on Alternative Development, [3] Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction [4] and the ministerial statement adopted by the ministerial segment of the forty-sixth session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, [5]", "Recalling that, in its resolution 64/182 of 18 December 2009, the General Assembly adopted the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, adopted at the high-level segment of the fifty-second session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, [6] called upon States to take the necessary measures to implement fully the actions listed therein with a view to achieving the goals and targets in a timely manner,", "Recalling also its resolution 53/115 of 9 December 1998, in which the General Assembly urged Governments, relevant organs of the United Nations, specialized agencies and other international organizations to assist and support transit States, upon request, in particular developing countries in need of such assistance and support, in order to enhance their capacity to combat illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances,", "Recalling further the provisions of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the 2005 World Summit Outcome [8] relating to the world drug problem, the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS [9] and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, including General Assembly resolution 833 of 21 December 2010, and resolutions on regional and international cooperation to prevent the diversion or smuggling of precursors,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolutions 2010/17 and 2010/21 of 22 July 2010 on the restructuring of the functions of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and changes in the strategic framework,", "Noting with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary-General to establish an effective and comprehensive approach within the United Nations system to address transnational organized crime and the world drug problem, and reaffirming the crucial role of Member States in that regard,", "Welcoming the efforts of Member States to follow the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, [10] the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [11] and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, [12]", "Welcoming also the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,", "Recognizing the importance of the universality and implementation of the three international drug control conventions against illicit drug use and trafficking,", "Welcoming the measures taken by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to implement thematic and regional programme approaches to its activities, and noting the progress achieved in the implementation of the approach,", "Recalling all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its fifty-fourth session, [13]", "Seriously concerned that, despite constant efforts by States, relevant organizations, civil society and non-governmental organizations, the world drug problem continues to pose a serious threat to the health and safety of the public and to the well-being of all human beings, in particular children and young people and their families, as well as to national security and sovereignty, and to social, economic and political stability and sustainable development,", "Deeply concerned at the need to take all appropriate measures, including legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, to protect children and youth from the illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as defined in relevant treaties, to prevent the use of children and young people in the illicit production and trafficking of such substances, and urges Governments to implement Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/210 of 12 March 2010, [14]", "Noting with grave concern the increase in global drug abuse and the large number of new substances, such as the substances described in Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/13 of 12 March 2010, and the increasingly complex nature of transnational organized crime groups involved in the manufacture and distribution of such substances,", "Noting also with grave concern the increase in global misuse and manufacture of amphetamine-type stimulants, the proliferation of chemical precursors used for the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and the emergence of new approaches to the diversion of organized criminal groups,", "Recognizing that in recent years there have been instances of the use of substances not controlled by the international drug control treaties but that may constitute potential public health risks, and taking note of the material on the kind of stimulated role, including synthetic cannabis passive agents, as a result of similar cannabis, The most common is the growing coverage of the production or manufacture of insecticide-treated blends, as well as of mentally active drugs as a form of salt distribution,", "Recognizing also the importance of data and quality information for forensic and scientific experiments and treatment centres for the understanding of the problem of illicit synthetic drugs and the products available on the illicit market,", "Noting the need to promote, in accordance with the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, appropriate international control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes and to prevent their diversion and abuse, and recalling in this regard its resolutions 53/2414 of 12 March 2010 and 54/16 of 25 March 2011, adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs,", "Recognizing the continuing collective efforts made through international cooperation that can yield positive results in demand reduction and supply reduction, and expressing appreciation for initiatives undertaken at the regional and international levels in this regard,", "Recognizing also the primary role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and its subsidiary bodies and the International Narcotics Control Board as the principal United Nations body responsible for drug control, and recognizing the need to promote and assist in the effective implementation and follow-up to the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,", "Reaffirming that, in order to address all aspects of the world drug problem, there must be a political commitment to reducing the availability as an integral part of a balanced and integrated drug control strategy, and in line with the principles set out in the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session and measures to strengthen international cooperation in countering the world drug problem, including the Action Plan on International Cooperation on the Eradication of Illicit Drug Crops and on Alternative Development, adopted at that session, [15]", "Reaffirming also that efforts to reduce the use of illicit drugs and their consequences require political commitment to efforts to reduce demand, as well as the need to reflect sustained and wide-ranging demand reduction initiatives that incorporate a comprehensive public health approach covering the areas of prevention, education, early detection and intervention, treatment, care and related support services, rehabilitation support, rehabilitation and reintegration, which respond to age and gender-sensitiveness, full compliance with the three international drug control conventions, and in accordance with the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session and the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated Balance Strategy for the World Drug Problem, adopted by the high-level segment of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and other General Assembly resolutions,", "Recalling the recommendation contained in resolution 64/182 that the Economic and Social Council devote a high-level segment to the discussion of topics related to the world drug problem, and that the General Assembly hold a special session to address the world drug problem,", "Aware of the need to increase public awareness of the risks and threats posed by different aspects of the world drug problem to all societies,", "Reaffirming that the response to the world drug problem [16] remains a shared responsibility requiring effective and stronger international cooperation, and calling for an integrated, multidisciplinary, mutually reinforcing and balanced approach to supply and demand reduction strategy,", "Reiterates its call upon States to take the necessary measures in a timely manner to implement the actions outlined in the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session,6 in order to achieve the objectives and objectives set out therein;", "Reaffirms that countering the world drug problem is a shared responsibility and must be addressed in a multilateral environment and adopt an integrated and balanced approach and must be fully guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other provisions of international law, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [17] and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action on Human Rights, in particular by fully respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, the principle of non-intervention in their internal affairs and all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and based on the principles of equal rights and mutual respect;", "Calls upon Member States to cooperate effectively and effectively in countering the world drug problem in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility;", "Commitments to promote bilateral, regional and international cooperation, including information exchange and cross-border cooperation, with a view to addressing the world drug problem more effectively, in particular by encouraging and supporting such cooperation among States most directly affected by illicit crop cultivation and illicit production, manufacture, trans-shipment, trafficking, distribution and abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "Reaffirms the commitment of Member States to fully comply with the three international drug control conventions and in accordance with national legislation, to promote, develop, review or strengthen effective, comprehensive and integrated drug demand reduction programmes, covering a wide range of measures, including primary prevention, education, early detection and intervention, treatment, care and related support services, rehabilitation support and reintegration efforts, thereby enhancing the health and social well-being of individuals, families and communities, and reducing the consequences of drug abuse for individuals and society at large, taking into account the needs of women and the special challenges posed by high-risk drug users, and calls upon Member States to take into account the implementation of these interventions, including those that are vulnerable,", "Recommends that one of the high-level segments of the Economic and Social Council be devoted to the theme related to the world drug problem and that the General Assembly should convene a special session on the world drug problem;", "Notes with great concern the adverse consequences of drug abuse on individuals and society as a whole; reiterates the commitment of all Member States to adopt comprehensive, complementary and multisectoral drug demand reduction strategies, in particular for children, young people and their families, to address these issues; notes with great concern the increase in HIV/AIDS and other blood-source diseases among injecting drug users; reiterates the commitment of all Member States to fully comply with the international drug control conventions and to work in line with national legislation to achieve the goals of full prevention programmes for all and access to treatment, care and related support services, taking into account all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the technical guidelines of the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS prevention, and the United Nations Office on HIV/AIDS;", "Urges Member States to develop national responses, as appropriate, to address the problem of drug-affected driving vehicles, including through the exchange of information and best practices on effective responses, including interactions with the international scientific community and the legal community;", "Encourages Member States to promote, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolutions 53/2414 and 54/613, appropriate international control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes and to prevent their diversion and abuse, and requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Narcotics Control Board to continue their efforts in this regard;", "Acknowledges the ongoing efforts and progress made in countering the world drug problem, and notes with great concern the continued existence of illicit production and trafficking in opium, the continued illicit manufacture of cocaine and the increasing number of illicit production and trafficking in cannabis, the growing global proliferation of illicit manufacture of amphetamine-type stimulants, the increasingly diversion of precursors, and notes with great concern the related illicit drug distribution and use activities, stresses the need to strengthen and intensify joint efforts at the national, regional and international levels to address these global challenges in a more comprehensive manner, in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility, including by strengthening and coordinating technical and financial assistance;", "Invites Member States to take appropriate measures to strengthen international cooperation and exchange of information and to identify new routes and case-by-laws used by organized criminal groups for the diversion or smuggling of substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, in particular through the Internet, and to continue to inform the International Narcotics Control Board of such information;", "Encourages Member States to promote the sharing of information relevant to the possible misuse and trafficking of synthetic cannabis agents, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 53/11 of 12 March 2010;", "Recognizes the need to collect relevant data and information on international cooperation at all levels to counter the world drug problem, and urges Member States to support dialogue through the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in order to address this problem;", "Also recognizes:", "(a) Sustainable crop control strategies for the illicit cultivation of crops used for the production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances require an integrated and balanced approach based on the principle of shared responsibility, taking into account the rule of law, and, where appropriate, security concerns, with full respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States and all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "(b) Such crop control strategies include, inter alia, transformative development programmes and, where appropriate, preventive adaptation development programmes and eradication and law enforcement measures;", "(c) Such crop control strategies should be in full compliance with article 14 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, and in accordance with national policies, appropriately coordinated and phased implementation in order to achieve sustainable eradication of illicit crops, noting also the need for Member States to undertake to increase long-term investments in such strategies, in coordination with other development measures, in order to promote sustainable socio-economic development and poverty eradication in affected rural areas, while at the same time, historical evidence shows that the traditional uses of such crops have been used legally, with due consideration to environmental protection;", "Further recognizes the important role played by developing countries with extensive expertise in the development of adaptation programmes in promoting best practices and lessons learned from such programmes, and invites them to continue to share these best practices with countries affected by illicit crop cultivation, including those emerging from conflict, in order to use them, as appropriate, in accordance with the specific national circumstances of each country;", "Urges States to strengthen cooperation and assistance to transit States affected by illicit drug trafficking, in accordance with article 10 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 and on the basis of the principle of shared responsibility and the need for all States, either directly or through competent regional organizations and international organizations;", "Requests the international community, in particular the countries of destination, to provide urgent and adequate technical assistance and support to the most affected transit countries, based on the principle of shared responsibility, in order to enhance their capacity to combat illicit drug circulation;", "Reaffirms the urgent need for Member States to strengthen international and regional cooperation to address the major challenges faced by law enforcement and judicial authorities in addressing the evolving instruments of transnational organized crime in order to avoid detection and prosecution;", "Recognizes the growing links between drug trafficking and the illicit manufacture of and trafficking in firearms in some parts of the world and the importance of preventing the proliferation of this issue to other regions, and urges Member States to take appropriate measures in accordance with their international treaty obligations and other relevant international standards to fully cooperate in preventing the acquisition and use of firearms and ammunition by criminal organizations involved in drug trafficking and to combat the illicit manufacture and trafficking of such firearms and ammunition;", "Reaffirms the importance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and its regional offices in building capacities for the fight against transnational organized crime and drug trafficking at the local level, and urges the Office, in deciding to close and open regional offices, to consider the vulnerabilities, projects and impacts of regional and developing countries in combating drug trafficking in order to continue to effectively support national and regional efforts to address the world drug problem;", "Urges the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as appropriate, to strengthen collaboration with intergovernmental, international and relevant regional organizations involved in combating and responding to the world drug problem in order to share best practices and scientific standards and to maximize mutual benefit from their respective comparative advantages;", "Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to provide technical assistance to Member States, upon request, with a view to enhancing the capacity of Member States to address the world drug problem, including through the development of laboratory analyses, including through the development of indicators and tools for the collection and analysis of accurate, reliable and comparable data in all relevant aspects of the world drug problem and, where appropriate, to strengthen or develop new national indicators and instruments; invites Member States, when necessary, to invest in capacity-building and quality activities for the collection and reporting of information, taking into account specific needs and available resources, and to participate in joint efforts by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and/or other national, regional or international organizations, with a view to share data collection, and evaluation;", "Invites the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, as the central policymaking body of the United Nations system on drug-related matters, to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to collect, analyse, use and disseminate accurate, reliable, objective and comparable data and to reflect this information in the World Drug Report;", "Encourages the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue its efforts to support States, upon request, in the establishment of a framework of action essential to national and cross-border communication and to facilitate the exchange and analysis of information on trends in drug trafficking with a view to improving understanding of the world drug problem at the national, regional and international levels; recognizes the importance of integrating laboratories worldwide and providing scientific support for drug control frameworks and using quality analytical data as a major source of information; and urges coordination with other international entities, including the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL);", "Urges Governments to expand their sources of contributions, in particular to increase general-purpose contributions, in order to provide the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with the fullest possible financial and political support to enable it to continue, expand, improve and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities, within its mandate, including in order to fully implement the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session,1 the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem and, where appropriate, the relevant resolutions adopted by the Commission at its same session,6 and recommends that it continue to allocate sufficient funds from the United Nations regular budget to enable it to carry out its mandate in a coherent manner and to carry out its mandate;", "Takes note of Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 54/10 of 25 March 2011 on the recommendations of the standing open-ended intergovernmental working group on improving the governance and financial situation of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,13 and encourages Member States and UNODC to continue to address issues falling within the mandate of the Working Group in a pragmatic, results-oriented, efficient and cooperative manner;", "Encourages the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, as the principal policymaking organ of the United Nations in the field of international drug control and as the governing body of the drug programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Narcotics Control Board, to strengthen their respective useful work to regulate precursors and other chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and to further strengthen its communication with Member States, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 54/8 of 25 March 2011, and to cooperate with them in identifying opportunities for the effective control and monitoring of the trade of precursor chemicals commonly used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "Urges States that have not yet done so to give priority to ratifying or acceding to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 11 1988, the 12 United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto [20] and the United Nations Convention against Corruption [21], and urges States parties to give priority to the implementation of the provisions of those instruments;", "Takes note of the resolutions adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its fifty-fourth session,13 the World Drug Report 2011 of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [22] and the recent report of the International Narcotics Control Board, and calls upon States to strengthen international and regional cooperation to counter the threat posed to the international community by illicit production and trafficking in drugs, in particular illicit production of and trafficking in opioid drugs, and other aspects of the world drug problem, and to continue to take coordinated measures in the framework of such international initiatives as the Paris Convention [24] and other relevant international initiatives;", "Takes note of the need for adequate resources for the implementation of the mandates of the International Narcotics Control Board, reiterates the importance of the work of the Bureau, encourages it to continue its work in accordance with its mandate, and urges Member States, in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/20 of 23 July 1996, to make joint efforts, to the extent possible, to allocate adequate and adequate budgetary resources to the Bureau, stresses the importance of maintaining the capacity of the Bureau of Control, inter alia, by providing appropriate means by the Secretary-General and by providing appropriate technical support to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and calls for strengthening cooperation and understanding between Member States and the Bureau, in order to enable the Bureau to carry out its mandate under the international drug control conventions;", "Emphasizes the important role played by civil society, in particular non-governmental organizations, in addressing the world drug problem, and notes with appreciation their important contribution to the review process, and notes that representatives of affected populations and civil society entities, as appropriate, should be able to participate in the formulation and implementation of drug demand and supply reduction policies;", "Encourages Member States to ensure, through consultation, the participation of civil society in the formulation and implementation of drug control programmes and policies, as appropriate, in particular with regard to the reduction of the search for;", "Encourages the Conference of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies and the meetings of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to continue to promote regional and international cooperation, and, in this regard, acknowledges the discussions held at the twenty-first Meeting of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies of Africa, held in Addis Ababa from 5 to 9 September 2011 and at the twenty-first meeting of heads of drug law enforcement agencies in Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Santiago from 3 to 7 October 2011;", "Welcomes the efforts of regional and cross-regional initiatives to strengthen cooperation in combating illicit drug trafficking, responding to the supply, demand and diversion of precursor chemicals, such as members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, triangular initiatives, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Economic Cooperation, Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Anti-Money-Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Working Group and other relevant subregional and regional organizations and initiatives, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission, the European Convention against Illicit Drug Trafficking and the Suppression of Synthetics Compact and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (CARICOM) in order to make the region of South-East Asia a significant effort to reduce illicit drug trafficking, and the illicit drug trafficking, as part of the Caribbean States, in the region, as a region, as a region, and the Caribbean region, in 2009-2015,", "Invites Member States, in close consultation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, donors and other relevant international organizations, to continue to assist African countries in responding to health problems related to the misuse of all substances and to raise awareness of the dangers in this regard, in accordance with Commission on Narcotic Drugs resolution 54/4 of 25 March 2011,13 and, in this regard, welcomes the signing by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of a memorandum of understanding with the African Union Commission, in which it was agreed that the two organizations would strive to enhance complementarity of activities;", "Calls upon relevant United Nations bodies and entities, as well as other international organizations, and invites international financial institutions, including regional development banks, to mainstream drug control issues into their respective programmes, and calls upon the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to play a leading role in providing relevant information and technical assistance;", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution S-20/2, annex.", "[2] S-20/3, annex.", "[3] S-20/4E.", "[4] Resolution 54/32, annex.", "[5] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2003, Supplement No. 8 (E/2003/28/Rev.1), chap.", "[6] Ibid., Supplement No. 8 (E/2009/28), chap. I, sect.", "[7] See resolution 55/2.", "[8] See resolution 60/1.", "[9] Resolution 60/262, annex.", "[10] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[11] Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[12] Ibid., vol. 1582, No. 27627.", "[13] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 8 (E/63/328), chap. I, sect.", "[14] Ibid., 2010, Supplement No. 8 (Ench 28), chap. I, sect.", "[15] S-20/4A to E.", "[16] The illicit cultivation of drug crops, the illicit production, manufacture, sale, demand, trafficking and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including amphetamine-type stimulants, and the diversion of precursors to other criminal activities.", "[17] Resolution 217A (III).", "[18] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[19] Available from www.who.int/hiv/pub/idu/protection/en/index.html.", "[20] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[21] Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[22] United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[23] United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[24] See S/2003/641, annex.", "[25] A/64/230." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/437)通过]", "66/184. 信息和通信技术促进发展", "大会，", "回顾其2001年12月21日第56/183号、2002年12月20日第57/238号、2003年6月23日第57/270B号、2004年12月22日第59/220号、2006年3月27日第60/252号、2007年12月19日第62/182号、2008年12月19日第63/202号、2009年12月21日第64/187号、2010年12月20日第65/141号决议和其他有关决议，", "又回顾经济及社会理事会2006年7月28日第2006/46号、2008年7月18日第2008/3号、2009年7月24日第2009/7号和2010年7月19日第2010/2号决议，表示注意到经济及社会理事会关于评估信息社会世界首脑会议成果执行和后续行动方面进展情况的2011年7月26日第2011/16号决议，", "还回顾2003年12月10日至12日在日内瓦举行的信息社会世界首脑会议第一阶段会议通过[1] 并经大会核可[2] 的《原则宣言》和《行动计划》，以及2005年11月16日至18日在突尼斯举行的信息社会世界首脑会议第二阶段会议通过[3] 并经大会核可[4] 的《突尼斯承诺》和《信息社会突尼斯议程》，", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[5]", "又回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[6]", "表示注意到秘书长关于在区域和国际一级执行和落实信息社会世界首脑会议成果方面进展情况的报告，[7]", "注意到2011年5月16日至20日在日内瓦举办了2011年信息社会世界首脑会议论坛；", "又注意到应国际电信联盟秘书长和联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事的邀请设立了数字发展宽带委员会，并表示注意到该委员会2011年10月24和25日在日内瓦举行的宽带领导峰会上确定的“2015年宽带目标”，为普及宽带政策及提高承担能力和宽带采用率以实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标制订了具体目标，以确保发挥宽带连通和内容的潜力为发展服务，", "认识到科学和技术促进发展委员会作为信息社会世界首脑会议的全系统后续行动、特别是审查和评估其成果执行进展情况的协调中心，在协助经济及社会理事会、同时继续执行其科学和技术促进发展的原有任务方面所发挥的作用，", "注意到2011年5月23日至27日在日内瓦举行的科学和技术促进发展委员会第十四届会议，", "又注意到文化多样性是人类共同继承的财产，信息社会应立足于并鼓励尊重文化特性、文化和语言多样性、各种传统和宗教，并促进不同文化和文明之间的对话,还注意到促进、肯定和维护各方商定的联合国相关文件，包括联合国教育、科学及文化组织的《世界文化多样性宣言》[8] 所述不同文化特性和语言，会进一步丰富信息社会，", "承认在信息和通信技术领域全球连通和承担能力方面的积极趋势，特别是因特网上网人数稳步增加，达到世界人口的三分之一，移动电话迅速普及，多语文内容和因特网址供给增加，出现了新服务和新应用，包括移动保健、移动交易、电子政务、电子教育、电子商务和开发服务，为信息社会的发展提供了巨大潜力，", "强调尽管最近取得了进展，严重的数字鸿沟依然存在，在这方面认识到，目前发展中国家的因特网使用人数仅占其人口的26%，而发达国家则为74%，强调指出需要缩小数字鸿沟，包括解决使用因特网国际互连费用等问题，并确保人人皆可分享新技术，特别是信息和通信技术的惠益，", "重申必须利用信息和通信技术的潜力，通过持久、包容和公平的经济增长和可持续发展，推动实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，", "关切世界金融和经济危机目前对信息和通信技术传播方面的积极趋势和确保普遍获取这种技术所需投资产生的不利影响，", "又关切发达国家和发展中国家在宽带提供方面的差距不断扩大，关切数据鸿沟呈现新的层面，", "认识到需要解决信息和通信技术生产性使用方面的能力建设不足问题，以克服数字鸿沟，", "又认识到因特网用户人数不断增长，数字鸿沟的性质也在不断变化，其基准从能否上网转变为上网质量、用户可以获得的信息和技能以及他们能从因特网获取的价值，在这方面认识到，需要采取创新办法，包括采取多方利益攸关方办法，在国家和区域发展战略中将使用信息和通信技术列为优先目标；", "重申2003年在日内瓦通过的《原则宣言》第4、5和55段，确认表达自由以及信息、思想和知识的自由流通对信息社会必不可少并有益于发展；", "认识到各国特别是发展中国家在打击网络犯罪方面所面临的挑战，强调需要加强在预防、起诉和惩处为犯罪目的使用信息和通信技术方面的技术援助和能力建设活动，", "承认因特网既是信息社会基础设施的一个核心要素，也是可供大众使用的全球便利工具，", "认识到如《信息社会突尼斯议程》所述，因特网的国际管理应当多边、透明和民主，并有政府、私营部门、民间社会和国际组织的充分参与，", "又认识到因特网治理论坛及其任务规定的重要性，该论坛作为一个多方利益攸关方对话论坛可以探讨各种事项，包括与因特网治理关键要素有关的公共政策问题，以促进因特网的可持续性、稳健性、安全性、稳定性和发展，认识到该论坛为帮助处理各种因特网治理问题而在不同利益攸关方之间建立伙伴关系方面所发挥的作用，同时注意到关于改善其工作方法的呼吁，", "回顾其决定，即会员国将在大会2015年信息社会世界首脑会议成果执行情况十年审查期间再次对维持因特网治理论坛的可取性进行审议；", "重申充分按照《突尼斯议程》规定的任务加强合作进程的重要性和紧迫性，重申需要加强合作，以便各国政府能够在与因特网有关的国际公共政策问题上，而不是在不影响这些问题的日常技术和业务事项中平等地发挥作用和履行职责，", "重申秘书长应通过两个不同的进程，推动实现信息社会世界首脑会议与因特网治理有关的成果，即加强合作进程和举办因特网治理论坛，确认这两个进程可以相辅相成；", "又重申《突尼斯议程》第35至37段和第67至72段；", "欣见各东道国做出努力，分别于2006年在雅典、2007年在巴西里约热内卢、2008年在印度海得拉巴、2009年在埃及沙姆沙伊赫、2010年在维尔纽斯以及2011年在内罗毕举行因特网治理论坛会议，", "认识到联合国系统通过除其他外与所有相关利益攸关方结成伙伴关系，在促进发展方面，包括在增加获取信息和通信技术的机会方面所发挥的中心作用，", "欣见，考虑到目前在信息和通信技术基础设施方面存在的差距，2007年在基加利和2008年在开罗举行“连通非洲”首脑会议、2009年在明斯克举行“连通独立国家联合体”首脑会议、2010年在科伦坡举行英联邦国家会议、2011年6月16日和17日在布鲁塞尔举行欧洲联盟第一届数字议程大会以及因特网治理问题年度欧洲对话，这些区域举措的宗旨是调动人力、财力和技术资源，加速落实信息社会世界首脑会议的各项连通目标，", "1. 确认信息和通信技术具有潜力，可以提出新的办法应对发展挑战，特别是应对全球化背景下的发展挑战，并且可以促进持久、包容和公平的经济增长和可持续发展，提高竞争力，增加获取信息和知识的机会，促进消除贫穷和推动社会融合，从而有助于所有国家特别是发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家加速融入全球经济；", "2. 关切处于不同发展阶段的国家之间在获取信息和通信技术和宽带连通方面存在的数字鸿沟，这种鸿沟影响到治理、工商业、卫生和教育等领域许多具有经济和社会价值的应用程序，还关切发展中国家，包括最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和内陆发展中国家在宽带连通领域面临的特殊挑战；", "3. 承认数字鸿沟中存在性别鸿沟，鼓励所有利益攸关方确保妇女充分参与信息社会，确保她们获得和使用信息和通信技术，推动全面增强自身权能与福祉；", "4. 强调指出，对大多数穷人而言，包括信息和通信技术在内的科学和技术带来的发展希望仍未实现，强调必须有效利用技术，包括信息和通信技术，以弥合数字鸿沟；", "5. 又强调指出，各国政府除其他外通过采取多方利益攸关方办法等途径有效利用信息和通信技术促进本国的发展努力，在按照国家需要和优先目标制订公共政策和提供公共服务方面发挥重要作用；", "6. 确认除公共部门资金投入外，私营部门对信息和通信技术基础设施的资金投入也开始在许多国家发挥重要作用，而且国内资金投入也因北南资金流动而得到加强，并得到南南合作的补充，还确认南南合作和三角合作可以成为促进信息和通信技术发展的有用工具；", "7. 又确认信息和通信技术带来了新的机遇和挑战，当前迫切需要克服发展中国家在获取新技术方面遇到的主要障碍，如资源、基础设施、教育、能力、投资和连通能力不足以及与技术所有权、标准和流通相关的各种问题，为此吁请所有利益攸关方为发展中国家特别是最不发达国家提供充足资源，加强其能力建设，并以相互商定的条件向其转让技术；", "8. 还确认信息和通信技术具有巨大潜力，可在广泛的社会和经济活动中促进技术转让；", "9. 鼓励各利益攸关方加强和继续开展合作，以确保有效落实信息社会世界首脑会议日内瓦阶段的成果¹ 和突尼斯阶段的成果，³ 除其他外，与包括最不发达国家在内的发展中国家、发展伙伴以及信息和通信技术部门各行为体共同努力和开展对话，促进包括公私伙伴关系在内的国家、区域和国际多方利益攸关方伙伴关系，并促进建立国家和区域多方利益攸关方专题平台；", "10. 重申大会将如《信息社会突尼斯议程》第111段所确认，在2015年底对信息社会世界首脑会议成果执行情况的全面审查工作中发挥作用，并决定在其第六十七届会议期间审议该审查进程的办法；", "11. 欢迎信息社会世界首脑会议第二阶段会议东道国突尼斯与联合国贸易和发展会议、国际电信联盟以及其他相关国际和区域组织合作开展工作，每年举办人人均享信通技术论坛和技术展览，作为首脑会议后续行动框架内的一个平台，推动为世界各地的信息和通信技术部门创造一个积极的经营环境；", "12. 注意到联合国实体与各国政府、区域委员会和其他利益攸关方包括非政府组织和私营部门合作，在实施信息社会世界首脑会议成果文件中的行动方针方面取得的进展，鼓励采用这些行动方针，推动实现千年发展目标；", "13. 又注意到秘书长关于信息社会世界首脑会议成果区域和国际各级执行和后续行动进展情况的报告⁷ 所述，区域委员会协助执行信息社会世界首脑会议成果的情况；", "14. 鼓励联合国各基金和方案及专门机构在各自权限和战略计划范围内为落实信息社会世界首脑会议的成果作出贡献，强调需要为此提供资源；", "15. 确认迫切需要发掘知识和技术潜力，为此鼓励联合国发展系统继续努力推动利用信息和通信技术，以此作为促进发展的一个关键手段和推动实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的一个工具；", "16. 又确认联合国信息社会小组作为联合国系统行政首长协调理事会协调联合国执行信息社会世界首脑会议成果的机构间机制所发挥的作用；", "17. 注意到改进因特网治理论坛工作组主席的报告，[9] 表示注意到经济及社会理事会在其第2011/16号决议第27至29段中决定将该工作组的任务期限延长至科学和技术促进发展委员会第十五届会议，以便它按照任务授权完成工作，并敦促工作组向委员会第十五届会议提出建议，这些建议应构成委员会通过经济及社会理事会对大会的投入；", "18. 强调指出需要加强所有发展中国家特别是最不发达国家对因特网治理论坛各次会议的参与，为此邀请各会员国和其他利益攸关方支持发展中国家的政府和所有其他利益攸关方参与论坛本身及各次筹备会议；", "19. 回顾大会第65/141号决议第22段，表示注意到秘书长关于在有关因特网的公共政策问题上强化合作的报告，[10] 特别是注意到秘书长通过秘书处经济和社会事务部进行的协商，包括2010年12月14日在纽约举行的会议，邀请科学和技术促进发展委员会主席结合委员会第十五届年度会议举办一次为期一天的开放、包容和互动的会议，以便根据《突尼斯议程》第34和35段，让所有会员国和其他利益攸关方特别是发展中国家利益攸关方，包括私营部门、民间社会和国际组织参加，在就有关因特网的公共政策强化合作问题上达成共同理解，请秘书长在编写其关于本决议执行情况和后续行动的报告时列入有关该会议成果的信息；", "20. 请秘书长通过科学和技术促进发展委员会以及经济及社会理事会向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况和后续行动的报告，将其作为区域和国际各级执行信息社会世界首脑会议成果和后续行动进展情况年度报告的一部分；", "21. 决定将题为“信息和通信技术促进发展”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见A/C.2/59/3，附件。", "[2] 见第59/220号决议。", "[3] 见A/60/687。", "[4] 见第60/252号决议。", "[5] 见第60/1号决议。", "[6] 见第65/1号决议。", "[7] A/66/64-E/2011/77。", "[8] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会正式记录，第三十一届会议，2001年10月15日至11月3日，巴黎》，第1卷，《决议》，第五章，决议25，附件一。", "[9] A/66/67-E/2011/79。", "[10] A/66/77-E/2011/103。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/437)]", "66/184. Information and communications technologies for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/183 of 21 December 2001, 57/238 of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 59/220 of 22 December 2004, 60/252 of 27 March 2006, 62/182 of 19 December 2007, 63/202 of 19 December 2008, 64/187 of 21 December 2009, 65/141 of 20 December 2010 and other relevant resolutions,", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolutions 2006/46 of 28 July 2006, 2008/3 of 18 July 2008, 2009/7 of 24 July 2009 and 2010/2 of 19 July 2010, and taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/16 of 26 July 2011 on the assessment of the progress made in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society,", "Recalling further the Declaration of Principles and the Plan of Action adopted by the World Summit on the Information Society at its first phase, held in Geneva from 10 to 12 December 2003,[1] and endorsed by the General Assembly,[2] and the Tunis Commitment and the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, adopted by the Summit at its second phase, held in Tunis from 16 to 18 November 2005,[3] and endorsed by the General Assembly,[4]", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[5]", "Recalling also the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[6]", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on progress made in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society at the regional and international levels,[7]", "Noting the organization of the World Summit on the Information Society Forum 2011 in Geneva from 16 to 20 May 2011,", "Noting also the establishment of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development at the invitation of the Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and taking note of the “Broadband targets for 2015”, established by the Commission at its Broadband Leadership Summit, held in Geneva on 24 and 25 October 2011, which set targets for making broadband policy universal and for increasing affordability and broadband uptake towards the attainment of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, to ensure that the potential of broadband connectivity and content are at the service of development,", "Recognizing the role of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development in assisting the Economic and Social Council as the focal point in the system-wide follow-up, in particular the review and assessment of the progress made in implementing the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, while at the same time maintaining its original mandate on science and technology for development,", "Noting the holding of the fourteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development in Geneva from 23 to 27 May 2011,", "Noting also that cultural diversity is the common heritage of humankind and that the information society should be founded on and stimulate respect for cultural identity, cultural and linguistic diversity, traditions and religions and foster dialogue among cultures and civilizations, and noting also that the promotion, affirmation and preservation of diverse cultural identities and languages, as reflected in relevant agreed United Nations documents, including the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,[8] will further enrich the information society,", "Acknowledging the positive trends in global connectivity and affordability in the field of information and communications technologies, in particular the steady increase in Internet access to one third of the world’s population, the rapid diffusion of mobile telephony, the increased availability of multilingual content and Internet addresses and the advent of new services and applications, including m-health, mobile transactions, e-government, e-education, e-business and developmental services, which offer great potential for the development of the information society,", "Emphasizing, however, that in spite of recent progress, there remains an important digital divide, recognizing in this regard that currently only 26 per cent of the population in developing countries uses the Internet, compared with 74 per cent in developed countries, and stressing the need to reduce the digital divide, including with regard to such issues as international interconnection charges for Internet use, and to ensure that the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications technologies, are available to all,", "Reaffirming the need to harness the potential of information and communications technologies to promote the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, through sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development,", "Expressing concern about the ongoing adverse impacts of the world financial and economic crisis on the positive trends in the diffusion of information and communications technologies and the investment needed to ensure universal access to such technologies,", "Expressing concern also about the growing gap in broadband provision between developed and developing countries, as well as about the new dimensions that the digital divide has taken on,", "Recognizing that the lack of capacity-building for the productive use of information and communications technologies needs to be addressed in order to overcome the digital divide,", "Recognizing also that the number of Internet users is growing and that the digital divide is also changing in character from one based on whether access is available to one based on the quality of access, the information and skills that users can obtain and the value they can derive from it, and recognizing in this regard that there is a need to prioritize the use of information and communications technologies through innovative approaches, including multi-stakeholder approaches, within national and regional development strategies,", "Reaffirming paragraphs 4, 5 and 55 of the Declaration of Principles adopted in Geneva in 2003, and recognizing that freedom of expression and the free flow of information, ideas and knowledge are essential for the information society and are beneficial to development,", "Conscious of the challenges faced by States, in particular developing countries, in combating cybercrime, and emphasizing the need to reinforce technical assistance and capacity-building activities for the prevention, prosecution and punishment of the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes,", "Acknowledging that the Internet is a central element of the infrastructure of the information society and is a global facility available to the public,", "Recognizing that the international management of the Internet should be multilateral, transparent and democratic, with the full involvement of Governments, the private sector, civil society and international organizations, as stated in the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society,", "Recognizing also the importance of the Internet Governance Forum and its mandate as a forum for multi-stakeholder dialogue on various matters, including public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance, in order to foster the sustainability, robustness, security, stability and development of the Internet, as well as its role in building partnerships among different stakeholders so as to help in addressing the various issues of Internet governance, while acknowledging the calls for improvements in its working methods,", "Recalling its decision that the desirability of the continuation of the Internet Governance Forum will be considered again by Member States in the General Assembly in the context of a ten-year review of the implementation of the outcome of the World Summit on the Information Society in 2015,", "Reiterating the significance and urgency of the process towards enhanced cooperation in full consistency with the mandate provided in the Tunis Agenda and the need for enhanced cooperation to enable Governments, on an equal footing, to carry out their roles and responsibilities in respect of international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet but not in respect of the day-to-day technical and operational matters that have no impact on those issues,", "Reaffirming that the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society relating to Internet governance, namely, the process towards enhanced cooperation and the convening of the Internet Governance Forum, are to be pursued by the Secretary-General through two distinct processes, and recognizing that the two processes may be complementary,", "Reaffirming also paragraphs 35 to 37 and 67 to 72 of the Tunis Agenda,", "Welcoming the efforts undertaken by the host countries in organizing the meetings of the Internet Governance Forum, held in Athens in 2006, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2007, in Hyderabad, India, in 2008, in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, in 2009, in Vilnius in 2010 and in Nairobi in 2011,", "Recognizing the pivotal role of the United Nations system in promoting development, including with respect to enhancing access to information and communications technologies, inter alia, through partnerships with all relevant stakeholders,", "Welcoming, in view of the existing gaps in information and communications technologies infrastructure, the Connect Africa summits held in Kigali in 2007 and in Cairo in 2008, the Connect the Commonwealth of Independent States summit held in Minsk in 2009, the meeting of Commonwealth countries held in Colombo in 2010, the First Digital Agenda Assembly of the European Union held in Brussels on 16 and 17 June 2011 and the annual European Dialogue on Internet Governance, which are regional initiatives aimed at mobilizing human, financial and technical resources to accelerate the implementation of the connectivity goals of the World Summit on the Information Society,", "1. Recognizes that information and communications technologies have the potential to provide new solutions to development challenges, particularly in the context of globalization, and can foster sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development, competitiveness, access to information and knowledge, poverty eradication and social inclusion that will help to expedite the integration of all countries, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, into the global economy;", "2. Expresses concern regarding the digital divide in access to information and communications technologies and broadband connectivity between countries at different levels of development, which affects many economically and socially relevant applications in such areas as government, business, health and education, and further expresses concern with regard to the special challenges faced in the area of broadband connectivity by developing countries, including the least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries;", "3. Acknowledges that a gender divide exists as part of the digital divide, and encourages all stakeholders to ensure the full participation of women in the information society and women’s access to and use of information and communications technologies for their overall empowerment and benefit;", "4. Stresses that, for the majority of the poor, the development promise of science and technology, including information and communications technologies, remains unfulfilled, and emphasizes the need to effectively harness technology, including information and communications technologies, to bridge the digital divide;", "5. Also stresses the important role of Governments in the design of their national public policies and in the provision of public services responsive to national needs and priorities through, inter alia, the effective use of information and communications technologies, including on the basis of a multi-stakeholder approach, to support national development efforts;", "6. Recognizes that, in addition to financing by the public sector, financing of information and communications technologies infrastructure by the private sector has come to play an important role in many countries and that domestic financing is being augmented by North-South flows and complemented by South-South cooperation, and also recognizes that South-South and triangular cooperation can be useful tools for promoting the development of information and communications technologies;", "7. Also recognizes that information and communications technologies present new opportunities and challenges and that there is a pressing need to address the major impediments that developing countries face in accessing the new technologies, such as insufficient resources, infrastructure, education, capacity, investment, connectivity and issues related to technology ownership, standards and flows, and in this regard calls upon all stakeholders to provide adequate resources, enhanced capacity-building and technology transfer, on mutually agreed terms, to developing countries, particularly the least developed countries;", "8. Further recognizes the immense potential that information and communications technologies have in promoting the transfer of technologies in a wide spectrum of socio-economic activity;", "9. Encourages strengthened and continuing cooperation between and among stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of the outcomes of the Geneva¹ and Tunis³ phases of the World Summit on the Information Society through, inter alia, the promotion of national, regional and international multi-stakeholder partnerships, including public-private partnerships, and the promotion of national and regional multi-stakeholder thematic platforms in a joint effort and dialogue with developing countries, including the least developed countries, development partners and actors in the information and communications technologies sector;", "10. Reaffirms the role of the General Assembly in the overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, to be held by the end of 2015, as recognized in paragraph 111 of the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, and further decides to consider the modalities for this review process at its sixty-seventh session;", "11. Welcomes the efforts undertaken by Tunisia, host of the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Telecommunication Union and other relevant international and regional organizations, for organizing annually the ICT 4 All Forum and technological exhibition as a platform within the framework of the follow-up to the Summit to promote a dynamic business environment for the information and communications technologies sector worldwide;", "12. Notes the progress that has been made by United Nations entities in cooperation with national Governments, regional commissions and other stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, in the implementation of the action lines contained in the outcome documents of the World Summit on the Information Society, and encourages the use of those action lines for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "13. Also notes the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society at the regional level, facilitated by the regional commissions, as observed in the report of the Secretary-General on progress made in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit at the regional and international levels;⁷", "14. Encourages the United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, within their respective mandates and strategic plans, to contribute to the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, and emphasizes the need for resources in this regard;", "15. Recognizes the urgent need to harness the potential of knowledge and technology, and in this regard encourages the United Nations development system to continue its effort to promote the use of information and communications technologies as a critical enabler of development and a catalyst for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "16. Also recognizes the role of the United Nations Group on the Information Society as an inter-agency mechanism of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination designed to coordinate United Nations implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society;", "17. Notes the report of the Chair of the Working Group on Improvements to the Internet Governance Forum,[9] and takes note of the decision of the Economic and Social Council, in paragraphs 27 to 29 of its resolution 2011/16, to extend the mandate of the Working Group until the fifteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development in order for it to complete its task in accordance with its mandate, and urges the Working Group to submit its recommendations to the Commission at its fifteenth session, which shall constitute an input from the Commission to the General Assembly, through the Economic and Social Council;", "18. Stresses the need for the enhanced participation of all developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, in all Internet Governance Forum meetings, and in this regard invites Member States, as well as other stakeholders, to support the participation of Governments and all other stakeholders from developing countries in the Forum itself, as well as in the preparatory meetings;", "19. Recalls paragraph 22 of its resolution 65/141, takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on enhanced cooperation on public policy issues pertaining to the Internet,[10] in particular of the consultations convened by the Secretary-General through the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat, including the meeting held in New York on 14 December 2010, invites the Chair of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development to convene, in conjunction with the fifteenth session of the Commission, a one-day open, inclusive and interactive meeting involving all Member States and other stakeholders, particularly those from developing countries, including the private sector, civil society and international organizations, with a view to identifying a shared understanding of enhanced cooperation on public policy issues pertaining to the Internet, in accordance with paragraphs 34 and 35 of the Tunis Agenda, and requests the Secretary-General to include information on the outcome of the meeting when preparing his report on the status of the implementation of and follow-up to the present resolution;", "20. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Commission on Science and Technology for Development and the Economic and Social Council, a report on the status of the implementation of and follow-up to the present resolution, as part of his annual reporting on the progress made in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society at the regional and international levels;", "21. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Information and communications technologies for development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See A/C.2/59/3, annex.", "[2]  See resolution 59/220.", "[3]  See A/60/687.", "[4]  See resolution 60/252.", "[5]  See resolution 60/1.", "[6]  See resolution 65/1.", "[7]  A/66/64‑E/2011/77.", "[8]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[9]  A/66/67‑E/2011/79.", "[10]  A/66/77‑E/2011/103." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/437)]", "Information and communications technology for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/183 of 21 December 2001, 57/238 of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 59/220 of 22 December 2004, 60/252 of 27 March 2006, 62/182 of 19 December 2007, 63/202 of 19 December 2008, 64/187 of 21 December 2009, resolution 60/141 of 20 December 2010, and other relevant resolutions,", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolutions 2006/46 of 28 July 2006, 2008/3 of 18 July 2008, 2009/7 of 24 July 2009 and 2010/2 of 19 July 2010, and taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/16 of 26 July 2011 on the assessment of progress made in the implementation and follow-up to the World Summit on the Information Society,", "Recalling further the Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action adopted at the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, held in Geneva from 10 to 12 December 2003, and the adoption of the Tunis Commitment and the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, held in Tunis from 16 to 18 November 2005,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [5]", "Recalling also the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [6]", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on progress made in the implementation and implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society at the regional and international levels, [7]", "Noting that the World Summit on the Information Society Forum for 2011 was held in Geneva from 16 to 20 May 2011,", "Taking note also of the establishment of the Digital Development Broadband Committee, at the invitation of the Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and taking note of the target set by the Commission at its Leading Summit held in Geneva on 24 and 25 October 2011 for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, in order to ensure that the potential for bandwidth connectivity and content is development services,", "Recognizing the role of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development as the focal point for system-wide follow-up to the World Summit on the Information Society, in particular for the review and assessment of progress made in the implementation of its outcomes, in assisting the Economic and Social Council, while continuing its original mandate on science and technology for development,", "Taking note of the fourteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development, held in Geneva from 23 to 27 May 2011,", "Noting also that cultural diversity is a heritage of mutual human succession and that the information society should be based on and encouraged to respect cultural identity, cultural and linguistic diversity, traditions and religions, and to promote dialogue among cultures and civilizations, and noting that the relevant United Nations documents agreed upon by the parties, including the different cultural characteristics and languages referred to in the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [8], will further enrich the information society,", "Recognizing positive trends in global connectivity and capacity-building in the area of information and communications technology, in particular the steady increase in Internet access to one third of the world's population, the rapid spread of mobile telephones, multilingual content and increased availability of Internet sites, and the significant potential for the development of the information society,", "Emphasizing that, despite recent progress made, the serious digital divide persists, and in this regard recognizing that the current number of Internet use in developing countries is only 26 per cent of their population, while in developed countries 74 per cent, stressing the need to narrow the digital divide, including by addressing issues related to the use of internet international costs, and ensuring that all share the benefits of new technologies, in particular information and communications technology,", "Reaffirming the importance of harnessing the potential of information and communications technology to promote the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, through sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development,", "Concerned at the current negative impact of the world financial and economic crisis on the dissemination of information and communications technology and ensuring universal access to the investments required for such technologies,", "Also concerned at the widening gap between developed and developing countries and the new dimension of the data gap,", "Recognizing the need to address the lack of capacity-building in ICT productive use in order to overcome the digital divide,", "Recognizing also the growing number of users of the Internet and the changing nature of the digital divide, which shift from access to Internet quality, the information and skills available to users and the value they have access to the Internet, and recognizing in this regard the need for innovative approaches, including multi-stakeholder approaches, to prioritize the use of information and communications technology in national and regional development strategies;", "Reaffirming paragraphs 4, 5 and 55 of the Declaration of Principles adopted in Geneva in 2003, and recognizing that freedom of expression and the free circulation of information, ideas and knowledge are essential and useful for development of the information society;", "Recognizing the challenges faced by States, in particular developing countries, in combating cybercrime, and stressing the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity-building in the use of information and communications technology for crime prevention, prosecution and punishment,", "Recognizing that the Internet is both a central element of the information society infrastructure and a global tool for accessibility to the public,", "Recognizing that, as stated in the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, international management of the Internet should be multilateral, transparent and democratic, with the full participation of Governments, the private sector, civil society and international organizations,", "Recognizing also the importance of the Internet Governance Forum and its mandate, which, as a multi-stakeholder dialogue forum, could explore various matters, including public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance, in order to promote the sustainability, integrity, security, stability and development of the Internet, and recognizing the role played by the Forum in building partnerships among different stakeholders to help address the various Internet governance issues, and noting the call to improve its working methods,", "Recalling its decision that Member States will again consider the desirability of maintaining the Internet Governance Forum during the 10-year review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, 2015;", "Reaffirming the importance and urgency of fully strengthening the process of cooperation in accordance with the mandate set out in the Tunis Agenda, and reaffirming the need for enhanced cooperation in order to enable Governments to play an equal role and fulfil their responsibilities in relation to international public policies related to the Internet, rather than in everyday technical and operational matters that do not affect them,", "Reaffirming that the Secretary-General should promote the achievement of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society relating to Internet governance, namely, the strengthening of the process and the organization of the Internet Governance Forum, and recognizing that the two processes are mutually reinforcing;", "Also reaffirms paragraphs 35 to 37 and 67 to 72 of the Tunis Agenda;", "Welcoming the efforts made by the host countries in 2006 in Athens, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2007, in Hélaba, India, in 2008, in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2009, and the convening of the Internet Governance Forum in Nairobi in 2011,", "Recognizing the central role played by the United Nations system in promoting development, including in increasing access to information and communications technology, through, inter alia, partnerships with all relevant stakeholders,", "Welcoming the fact that, taking into account the current gaps in information and communications technology infrastructure, the holding of the African Conception Summit in Kigali and in Cairo in 2007 and the holding of the Commonwealth of Independent States Summit in Minsk in 2009, the holding of the Commonwealth National Conference in Colombo in 2010, the First Digital Agenda Conference of the European Union held in Brussels on 16 and 17 June 2011 and the annual European Dialogue on Internet Governance aimed at mobilizing human, financial and technical resources to accelerate the implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society goals,", "Recognizes that information and communications technology has the potential to propose new approaches to addressing development challenges, in particular the development challenges in the context of globalization, and can promote sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development, enhance competitiveness, increase access to information and knowledge, and promote poverty eradication and social integration, thereby contributing to the accelerated integration of all countries, in particular the least developed countries, into the global economy;", "Expresses concern at the digital divide in access to information and communications technology and broadband connectivity among countries at different stages of development, which affects many applications of economic and social value in the areas of governance, business, health and education, and expresses concern at the particular challenges faced by developing countries, including least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries in the area of broadband connectivity;", "Acknowledges the gender gap in the digital divide and encourages all stakeholders to ensure the full participation of women in the information society, to ensure their access to and use of information and communications technology and to promote the full empowerment and well-being of their communities;", "Stresses that the development hopes of science and technology, including information and communications technology, for the majority of the poor, remain unfulfilled, and stresses the importance of effective use of technology, including information and communications technology, to bridge the digital divide;", "Also emphasizes that Governments play an important role in developing public policies and providing public services in line with national needs and priorities, inter alia, through the effective use of information and communications technology for national development efforts;", "Acknowledges that, in addition to public-sector funding inputs, the financial inputs of the private sector to information and communications technology infrastructure have also begun to play an important role in many countries, and that domestic financial inputs have been strengthened as a result of North-South flows and complemented by South-South cooperation, and recognizes that South-South and triangular cooperation can be a useful tool for promoting information and communications technology development;", "Also recognizes the new opportunities and challenges posed by information and communications technology and the urgent need to overcome the major obstacles faced by developing countries in accessing new technologies, such as resources, infrastructure, education, capacity, investment and connectivity, as well as issues related to technical ownership, standards and circulation, and, in this regard, calls upon all stakeholders to provide adequate resources for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to strengthen their capacity-building and to transfer technology to them on mutually agreed terms;", "Further recognizes that information and communications technology has great potential to promote technology transfer in a wide range of social and economic activities;", "Encourages stakeholders to strengthen and continue their cooperation in order to ensure the effective implementation of the outcomes of the Geneva phase of the World Summit on the Information Society1 and the Tunis phase,3 inter alia, through joint efforts and dialogue with the various actors in developing countries, development partners and information and communications technology sectors, including least developed countries, to promote national, regional and international multi-stakeholder partnerships, including public-private partnerships, and to promote the establishment of national and regional multi-stakeholder thematic platforms;", "Reaffirms that the General Assembly will play a role in the comprehensive review of the implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society outcomes by 2015, as confirmed in paragraph 111 of the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, and decides to consider the modalities for the review process during its sixty-seventh session;", "Welcomes the work carried out by the host country of the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, in cooperation with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Telecommunication Union and other relevant international and regional organizations, to organize annual human-right ICT forums and technical exhibitions as a platform within the framework of the follow-up to the Summit and to promote a positive operational environment for the information and communications technology sectors worldwide;", "Notes the progress made by United Nations entities, in cooperation with Governments, regional commissions and other stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, in the implementation of the course of action in the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, and encourages the adoption of these actions to promote the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "Also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society at the regional and international levels,7 and the assistance of the regional commissions in the implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society outcomes;", "Encourages the United Nations funds and programmes and specialized agencies to contribute to the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, within their respective mandates and strategic plans, and stresses the need for resources to that end;", "Recognizes the urgent need for the development of knowledge and technical potential, and in this regard encourages the United Nations development system to continue its efforts to promote the use of information and communications technology as a key tool for development and as a tool to promote the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Also recognizes the role of the United Nations Information Society Group as the inter-agency mechanism for coordinating the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society by the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination;", "Takes note of the report of the Chairman of the Working Group on Improving the Internet Governance Forum, [9] and takes note of the decision of the Economic and Social Council, in paragraphs 27 to 29 of its resolution 2011/16, to extend the mandate of the Working Group until the fifteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development in order to complete its work in accordance with its mandate, and urges the Working Group to make recommendations to the Commission at its fifteenth session, which should constitute input to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council;", "Stresses the need to strengthen the participation of all developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, in the meetings of the Internet Governance Forum, by inviting Member States and other stakeholders to support the participation of Governments and all other stakeholders in developing countries in the Forum itself and in the preparatory meetings;", "Recalls paragraph 22 of its resolution 63/241, in which the General Assembly took note of the report of the Secretary-General on enhanced cooperation on public policy issues related to the Internet, [10], noting in particular the consultations undertaken by the Secretary-General through the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat, including the meeting held in New York on 14 December 2010, and invited the Chairperson of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development to organize a one-day open, inclusive and interactive meeting in conjunction with the fifteenth annual session of the Commission in order to include all Member States and other stakeholders, in accordance with paragraphs 34 and 35 of the Tunis Agenda, in a common understanding of the implementation of the present resolution and the outcome;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Commission on Science and Technology for Development and the Economic and Social Council, a report on the implementation of the present resolution and follow-up as part of the annual report on progress in the implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society outcomes and follow-up at the regional and international levels;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Information and communications technology for development”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See A/C.2/59/3, annex.", "[2] See resolution 59/220.", "[3] See A/60/687.", "[4] See resolution 60/252.", "[5] See resolution 60/1.", "[6] See resolution 63/2.", "[7] Agent4-Ench77.", "[8] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October-3 November 2001, vol. I, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[9] A/64/27-Ench79.", "[10] A/66/77-Ench 103." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.1)通过]", "66/185. 国际贸易与发展", "大会，", "回顾其关于国际贸易与发展的2001年12月21日第56/178号、2002年12月20日第57/235号、2003年12月23日第58/197号和2008年12月19日63/203号决议，", "注意到其关于国际贸易与发展的2004年12月22日第59/221号、2005年12月22日第60/184号、2006年12月20日第61/186号、2007年12月19日第62/184号、2009年12月21日第64/188号和2010年12月20日第65/142号决议，", "回顾《联合国千年宣言》[1] 以及发展筹资问题国际会议的成果[2] 和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的成果、[3]《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[4] 和《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》，[5]", "又回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议及其成果文件，[6]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[7]", "回顾第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议及其成果文件，[8]", "再次申明多边主义对全球贸易体制的重要性，重申致力于建立一个普遍、有章可循、开放、非歧视和公平的多边贸易体制，以促进增长、可持续发展和在各部门创造就业机会，并强调双边和区域贸易安排应有利于协助实现多边贸易体制的目标，", "重申发展方面的关切事项是《多哈发展议程》的一个组成部分，该议程将所有发展中国家包括最不发达国家的需要和利益置于《多哈工作方案》[9] 的核心，", "重申农业依然是绝大多数发展中国家的主要关键部门，强调顺利完成《多哈工作方案》的重要性，", "深切关注当前世界金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，认识到全球经济正在进入一个富有挑战性的新阶段，面临严重下行风险，其中包括全球金融和商品市场动荡不已以及财政状况普遍紧张，危及全球经济复苏，着重指出需要继续处理体制弱点和失衡问题，并需要继续努力改革和加强国际金融体制，", "注意到虽然一些发展中国家是最近全球经济增长的主要推手，但经济危机削弱了它们抵抗进一步冲击的能力，回顾为支持强劲、可持续、均衡和包容性增长所作的承诺，并重申应开展合作，共同努力履行发展承诺，在2015年之前实现千年发展目标。", "1. 表示注意到贸易和发展理事会报告[10] 和秘书长报告；[11]", "2. 重申国际贸易是发展和持续经济增长的引擎，又重申一个普遍、有章可循、开放、非歧视和公平的多边贸易体系以及名副其实的贸易自由化，可在刺激全世界经济增长和发展方面发挥关键作用，使处于各个发展阶段的国家都能受益；", "3. 强调有必要抵制保护主义倾向，并纠正任何已采取的与世界贸易组织规则不符的扭曲贸易措施，同时确认各国特别是发展中国家有权充分利用符合其世界贸易组织承诺和义务的各种灵活性；", "4. 表示严重关切世界贸易组织多哈回合谈判缺乏进展，再次吁请表现出必要的灵活性和政治意愿，以打破目前的谈判僵局，在此方面呼吁多哈发展议程多边贸易谈判依照《多哈部长宣言》、⁹ 世界贸易组织总理事会2004年8月1日的决定[12] 和2005年世界贸易组织通过的《香港部长宣言》[13] 所规定的发展任务，取得平衡、丰硕、全面和注重发展的成果；", "5. 欢迎2011年12月在日内瓦举行世界贸易组织第八次部长级会议，并期待会议取得成果；", "6. 重申在世界贸易组织第四次部长级会议上所作关于最不发达国家的承诺，⁹ 并鼓励发达国家和宣布有能力采取行动的发展中国家采取步骤，努力按照《香港部长宣言》，实现长期给予所有最不发达国家及时、免关税和免配额市场准入的目标；", "7. 强调必须全面、及时和有效地执行《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》⁸ 的相关规定；", "8. 重申关于改革方案对最不发达国家和粮食净进口发展中国家的可能不利影响的措施的马拉喀什部长级决定；[14]", "9. 强调指出需要取消对世界粮食计划署为非商用人道主义目的购买的粮食实行的出口限制和特别赋税，且将来也不予实行；", "10. 确认小型脆弱经济体在以与其特殊情况相称的方式从多边贸易体制中充分受益方面可能面临特别挑战，并在这方面鼓励在按照2001年《多哈部长宣言》和2005年《香港部长宣言》落实支持小型经济体努力实现可持续发展的世界贸易组织小型经济体工作方案方面取得进展；", "11. 重申致力于处理内陆发展中国家的特殊发展需要及面临的挑战，并呼吁按照大会第六十三届会议关于《阿拉木图行动纲领：在内陆发展中国家和过境发展中国家过境运输合作新的全球框架内解决内陆发展中国家的特殊需要》[15] 中期审查的高级别会议宣言[16] 的要求，全面、及时、有效地执行《阿拉木图行动纲领》；", "12. 表示关切所采取的一些单方面行动不符合世界贸易组织的规则，损害了所有国家、特别是发展中国家的出口，对世界贸易组织进行中的谈判及对实现和进一步加强贸易谈判中发展方面的规定产生了重大影响；", "13. 注意到2011年7月18日和19日在日内瓦举行了第三次贸易援助全球审查会议，目的是审查在协助发展中国家和最不发达国家建立供应和出口能力方面取得的进展，确定这方面需要采取的进一步措施，并强调指出亟需落实各项贸易援助承诺；", "14. 确认南南贸易应进一步加强，注意到加强发展中国家间的市场准入可以对促进南南贸易起积极作用，在这方面除其他外注意到发展中国家间全球贸易优惠制度第三回合谈判已结束，并于2010年12月15日通过《圣保罗回合议定书》；[17]", "15. 重申联合国贸易和发展会议作为联合国系统内统筹处理贸易与发展以及金融、技术、投资和可持续发展领域中各种相互关联问题的协调中心所发挥的重要作用，邀请贸发会议继续努力在建立共识、研究和政策分析以及技术援助这三大支柱领域中作出更大贡献，并呼吁国际社会努力加强贸发会议；", "16. 邀请联合国贸易和发展会议按照其任务规定，从发展角度监测和评估国际贸易体系的演变情况和国际贸易的趋势，特别要分析发展中国家关切的问题，更加着重强调实际解决办法，并进行政策分析，与所有相关利益攸关方合作，通过技术援助活动等途径支持发展中国家建立国家生产能力和国际竞争力；", "17. 欢迎2012年4月21日至26日在多哈举行主题为“以发展为核心的全球化：努力实现包容性和可持续的增长和发展”的联合国贸易和发展会议第十三届会议，并期待会议取得成功；", "18. 确认向最不发达国家提供与贸易有关的技术援助的强化综合框架的作用；", "19. 请秘书长与联合国贸易和发展会议秘书处协作，在题为“宏观经济政策问题”项目的“国际贸易与发展”分项目下，就本决议执行情况和多边贸易体制的发展动态，向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "20. 又请秘书长向世界贸易组织总干事转递本决议。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[3] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件；决议2，附件。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[6] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[7] 见第65/1号决议。", "[8] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第一和二章。", "[9] 见A/C.2/56/7，附件。", "[10] A/66/15(Part I-IV)。最后文本见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第15号》(A/66/15)。", "[11] A/66/185和Add.1。", "[12] 世界贸易组织，WT/L/579号文件。可查阅http://docsonline.wto.org。", "[13] 世界贸易组织，WT/MIN(05)/DEC号文件。可查阅http://docsonline.wto.org。", "[14] 见《体现多边贸易谈判乌拉圭回合各项结果的法律文书，1994年4月15日在马拉喀什签署》(关贸总协定秘书处出版物，出售品编号：GATT/1994-7)。", "[15] 《内陆和过境发展中国家与捐助国及国际金融和发展机构过境运输合作问题国际部长级会议的报告，2003年8月28日和29日，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图》(A/CONF.202/3)，附件一。", "[16] 见第63/2号决议。", "[17] 联合国贸易和发展会议，SPR/NC/FOZ/3号文件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.1)]", "66/185. International trade and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/178 of 21 December 2001, 57/235 of 20 December 2002, 58/197 of 23 December 2003 and 63/203 of 19 December 2008 on international trade and development,", "Noting its resolutions 59/221 of 22 December 2004, 60/184 of 22 December 2005, 61/186 of 20 December 2006, 62/184 of 19 December 2007, 64/188 of 21 December 2009 and 65/142 of 20 December 2010 on international trade and development,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[1] as well as the outcomes of the International Conference on Financing for Development[2] and the World Summit on Sustainable Development,[3] the 2005 World Summit Outcome[4] and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[5]", "Recalling also the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[6]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[7]", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and its outcome documents,[8]", "Reaffirming the value of multilateralism to the global trading system and the commitment to achieving a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system that contributes to growth, sustainable development and employment generation in all sectors, and emphasizing that bilateral and regional trading arrangements should contribute and be complementary to the goals of the multilateral trading system,", "Reiterating that development concerns form an integral part of the Doha Development Agenda, which places the needs and interests of all developing countries, including least developed countries, at the heart of the Doha Work Programme,[9]", "Reaffirming that agriculture remains a fundamental and key sector for the overwhelming majority of developing countries, and stressing the importance of a successful conclusion of the Doha Work Programme in this regard,", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the world financial and economic crisis, cognizant that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with significant downside risks, including the turbulence in global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, that threaten the global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continuing efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Noting that while some developing countries have been the main contributors to recent global economic growth, the economic crisis has reduced their capacity to withstand further shocks, recalling the commitments made to support strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth, and reaffirming the need to work cooperatively to meet development commitments to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Trade and Development Board[10] and the report of the Secretary-General;[11]", "2. Reaffirms that international trade is an engine for development and sustained economic growth, and also reaffirms the critical role that a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system, as well as meaningful trade liberalization, can play in stimulating economic growth and development worldwide, thereby benefiting all countries at all stages of development;", "3. Emphasizes the need to resist protectionist tendencies and to rectify any trade-distorting measures already taken that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules, recognizing the right of countries, in particular developing countries, to fully utilize flexibilities consistent with their World Trade Organization commitments and obligations;", "4. Expresses serious concern at the lack of progress in the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, reiterates the call for the necessary flexibility and political will in order to break the current impasse in the negotiations, and in this regard calls for a balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome of the Doha Development Agenda multilateral trade negotiations, in keeping with the development mandate of the Doha Ministerial Declaration,⁹ the decision of 1 August 2004 of the General Council of the World Trade Organization[12] and the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration adopted by the World Trade Organization in 2005;[13]", "5. Welcomes the convening of the Eighth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, to be held in Geneva in December 2011, and looks forward to its outcome;", "6. Reaffirms the commitments made at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization relating to the least developed countries,⁹ and encourages developed countries and developing countries, declaring themselves in a position to do so, to take steps towards the goal of realizing the timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration;", "7. Emphasizes the full, timely and effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020;⁸", "8. Reaffirms the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-importing Developing Countries;[14]", "9. Stresses the need to remove food export restrictions and extraordinary taxes on food purchased for non-commercial, humanitarian purposes by the World Food Programme, and to not impose them in the future;", "10. Recognizes the particular challenges that may be faced by small, vulnerable economies to fully benefit from the multilateral trading system in a manner commensurate with their special circumstances, and in this regard encourages progress in the implementation of the World Trade Organization work programme on small economies, as mandated in the 2001 Doha Ministerial Declaration and the 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration, which supports their efforts towards sustainable development;", "11. Reaffirms the commitment to address the special development needs of and the challenges faced by landlocked developing countries, and calls for the full, timely and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries,[15] in accordance with the Declaration of the high-level meeting of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly on the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action;[16]", "12. Expresses concern about the adoption of unilateral actions that are not consistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization, harm the exports of all countries, in particular those of developing countries, and have a considerable bearing on the ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations and on the achievement and further enhancement of the development dimension of the trade negotiations;", "13. Notes the holding in Geneva on 18 and 19 July 2011 of the Third Global Review of Aid for Trade, aimed at reviewing progress achieved and identifying additional measures needed to support developing and least developed countries in building their supply and export capacities, and stresses the need to implement the aid-for-trade commitments;", "14. Recognizes that South-South trade should be strengthened, notes that enhanced market access between developing countries can play a positive role in stimulating South-South trade, and in this regard, inter alia, takes note of the conclusion of the third round of the Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries, by the adoption, on 15 December 2010, of the São Paulo Round Protocol;[17]", "15. Reiterates the important role of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development as the focal point within the United Nations system for the integrated treatment of trade and development and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development, invites the Conference to continue working to enhance its contribution in its three major pillars, namely, consensus-building, research and policy analysis, and technical assistance, and calls upon the international community to work towards the strengthening of the Conference;", "16. Invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to continue, in accordance with its mandate, to monitor and assess the evolution of the international trading system and of trends in international trade from a development perspective, and in particular to analyse issues of concern to developing countries, placing greater emphasis on practical solutions, to undertake policy analysis, to work with all relevant stakeholders and to support developing countries in building productive national capacities and international competitiveness, including through technical assistance activities;", "17. Welcomes the convening of the thirteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in Doha from 21 to 26 April 2012 on the theme “Development-centred globalization: Towards inclusive and sustainable growth and development”, and looks forward to its successful outcome;", "18. Recognizes the role of the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries;", "19. Requests the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and developments in the multilateral trading system, under the sub-item entitled “International trade and development” of the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”;", "20. Also requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the Director-General of the World Trade Organization.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[3]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex, and resolution 2, annex.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[6]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[7]  See resolution 65/1.", "[8]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chaps. I and II.", "[9]  See A/C.2/56/7, annex.", "[10]  A/66/15 (Parts I-IV). For the final text, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/66/15).", "[11]  A/66/185 and Add.1.", "[12]  World Trade Organization, document WT/L/579. Available from http://docsonline.wto.org.", "[13]  World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC. Available from http://docsonline.wto.org.", "[14]  See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[15]  Report of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex I.", "[16]  See resolution 63/2.", "[17]  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, document SPR/NC/FOZ/3." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.1)]", "66/185. International trade and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/178 of 21 December 2001, 57/235 of 20 December 2002, 58/197 of 23 December 2003 and 63/203 of 19 December 2008 on international trade and development,", "Taking note of its resolutions 59/221 of 22 December 2004, 60/184 of 22 December 2005, 61/186 of 20 December 2006, 62/184 of 19 December 2007, 64/188 of 21 December 2009 and 65/142 of 20 December 2010 on international trade and development,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration [1] and the outcomes of the International Conference on Financing for Development and the World Summit on Sustainable Development,[3] the 2005 World Summit Outcome[4] and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[5]", "Recalling also the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document, [6]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [7]", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and its outcome document,[8]", "Reiterating the importance of multilateralism to the global trading system, reaffirming the commitment to a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system that promotes growth, sustainable development and employment generation in all sectors, and emphasizing that bilateral and regional trading arrangements should contribute to the objectives of the multilateral trading system,", "Reaffirming that development concerns are an integral part of the Doha Development Agenda, which places the needs and interests of all developing countries, including the least developed countries, at the heart of the Doha Work Programme,", "Reaffirming that agriculture remains a key and key sector for the vast majority of developing countries, and stressing the importance of a successful conclusion of the Doha Work Programme,", "Expressing deep concern about the adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the current world financial and economic crisis, recognizing that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with serious downside risks, including the volatility of global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continued efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Noting that while some developing countries have been the main contributors to recent global economic growth, the economic crisis has reduced their ability to withstand further shocks, recalling the commitments made to support strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth, and reaffirming the need to work cooperatively to meet development commitments and achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.", "1. Takes note of the report of the Trade and Development Board [10] and the report of the Secretary-General; [11]", "Reaffirms that international trade is an engine for development and sustained economic growth, and also reaffirms that a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system, as well as meaningful trade liberalization, can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and development worldwide, benefiting all countries at all stages of development;", "Stresses the need to resist protectionist tendencies and to rectify any trade-distorting measures that have been taken that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules, while recognizing the right of all countries, in particular developing countries, to make full use of flexibilities consistent with their World Trade Organization commitments and obligations;", "4. Expresses serious concern at the lack of progress in the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, reiterates its call for the necessary flexibility and political will to break the current impasse in the negotiations, and in this regard calls for a balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome of the Doha Development Agenda multilateral trade negotiations, in accordance with the development mandate of the Doha Ministerial Declaration,9 the decision of 1 August 2004 of the General Council of the World Trade Organization9 and the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration adopted by the World Trade Organization in 2005;", "5. Welcomes the eighth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, held in Geneva in December 2011, and looks forward to its outcome;", "6. Reaffirms the commitments made at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization9 concerning the least developed countries, and encourages developed countries and developing countries declaring themselves in a position to do so to take steps towards the long-term goal of duty-free, duty-free and quota-free market access for all least developed countries, consistent with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration;", "7. Stresses the importance of the full, timely and effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020;8", "8. Reaffirms the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-importing Developing Countries; [14]", "9. Stresses the need to remove export restrictions and special taxes on food purchased by the World Food Programme for non-commercial humanitarian purposes and to refrain from doing so in the future;", "10. Recognizes the particular challenges that small, vulnerable economies may face in fully benefiting from the multilateral trading system in a manner commensurate with their special circumstances, and in this regard encourages progress in the implementation of the World Trade Organization work programme on small economies in support of their efforts to achieve sustainable development, in accordance with the Doha and Hong Kong Ministerial Declarations of 2001;", "11. Reaffirms the commitment to address the special development needs of and challenges faced by landlocked developing countries, and calls for addressing the special needs of landlocked developing countries in accordance with the Almaty Programme of Action: New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly [A C E F R S] The Declaration of the High-level Meeting on the Mid-term Review [16] called for the full, timely and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "12. Expresses concern at the adoption of a number of unilateral actions that are inconsistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization and that harm the exports of all countries, in particular those of developing countries, and have a significant impact on the ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations and on the realization and further strengthening of the development dimension of trade negotiations;", "13. Notes the holding of the Third Global Review of Aid for Trade, held in Geneva on 18 and 19 July 2011, to review progress made in assisting developing and least developed countries to build supply and export capacities and to identify further measures needed in this regard, and stresses the urgent need to implement the Aid for Trade commitments;", "14. Recognizes that South-South trade should be further strengthened, notes that enhanced market access among developing countries can play a positive role in promoting South-South trade, and in this regard notes, inter alia, the conclusion of the third round of negotiations of the Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries and the adoption of the Protocol to the São Paulo Round on 15 December 2010; [17]", "15. Reaffirms the important role of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development as the focal point within the United Nations system for the integrated treatment of trade and development and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development, invites the Conference to continue its efforts to enhance its contribution in the three pillars of consensus-building, research and policy analysis and technical assistance, and calls upon the international community to strengthen its efforts;", "16. Invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in accordance with its mandate, to monitor and assess the evolution of the international trading system and trends in international trade from a development perspective, in particular by analysing issues of concern to developing countries, placing greater emphasis on practical solutions and undertaking policy analysis and, in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders, supporting developing countries in building national productive capacities and international competitiveness, including through technical assistance activities;", "Welcomes the holding of the thirteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in Doha from 21 to 26 April 2012, on the theme “Development-centred globalization: towards inclusive and sustainable growth and development”, and looks forward to its success;", "18. Recognizes the role of the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution and on developments in the multilateral trading system under the sub-item entitled “International trade and development” of the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”;", "20. Also requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the Director-General of the World Trade Organization.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 55/2.", "[2] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[3] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex, resolution 2, annex.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[6] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[7] See resolution 65/1.", "[8] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chaps. I and II.", "[9] See A/C.2/56/7, annex.", "[10] A/66/15 (Parts I-IV). For the final text, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/66/15).", "[11] A/66/185 and Add.1.", "[12] World Trade Organization, document WT/L/579. Available at http://docsonline.wto.org.", "[13] World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC. Available at http://docsonline.wto.org.", "[14] See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[15] Report of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex I.", "[16] See resolution 63/2.", "[17] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, document SPR/NC/FOZ/3." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.1)通过]", "66/186. 以单方面经济措施为手段对发展中国家进行政治 和经济胁迫", "大会，", "回顾《联合国宪章》所阐述的相关原则，", "重申《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系及合作之国际法原则之宣言》，[1] 其中除其他外，声明任何国家不得使用或鼓励采取单方面经济、政治或任何其他类型的措施来胁迫另一国，以图使该国在行使主权权利时屈服顺从，", "铭记联合国和世界贸易组织相关决议、规则和规定所载关于国际贸易体制和贸易政策促进发展的一般原则，", "回顾其1989年12月22日第44/215号、1991年12月20日第46/210号、1993年12月21日第48/168号、1995 年12月20日第50/96号、1997年12月18 日第52/181号、1999年12月22日第54/200 号、2001年12月21日第56/179号、2003年12月23日第58/198号、2005年12月22日第60/185号、2007年12月19日第62/183号和2009年12月21日第64/189号决议，", "严重关注采取单方面经济胁迫措施尤其对发展中国家的经济和发展努力产生不利影响，并且对国际经济合作以及全世界为建立非歧视性和开放的多边贸易体制所作的努力普遍产生负面影响，", "认识到此类措施公然违反《宪章》所阐述的国际法原则和多边贸易体制的基本原则，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[2]", "2. 敦促国际社会采取紧急、有效措施，杜绝对发展中国家采取未经联合国相关机关授权、不符合《联合国宪章》所阐述的国际法原则、而且违反多边贸易体制基本原则的单方面经济胁迫措施；", "3. 促请国际社会谴责和抵制强行以此种措施为手段对发展中国家进行政治和经济胁迫的做法；", "4. 请秘书长继续监测强行采取此种性质的措施情况，并研究此种措施对受影响国的影响，包括对贸易和发展的影响；", "5. 又请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十八届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 第2625(XXV)号决议，附件。", "[2] A/66/138。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.1)]", "66/186. Unilateral economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the relevant principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,[1] which states, inter alia, that no State may use or encourage the use of unilateral economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights,", "Bearing in mind the general principles governing the international trading system and trade policies for development contained in relevant resolutions, rules and provisions of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization,", "Recalling its resolutions 44/215 of 22 December 1989, 46/210 of 20 December 1991, 48/168 of 21 December 1993, 50/96 of 20 December 1995, 52/181 of 18 December 1997, 54/200 of 22 December 1999, 56/179 of 21 December 2001, 58/198 of 23 December 2003, 60/185 of 22 December 2005, 62/183 of 19 December 2007 and 64/189 of 21 December 2009,", "Gravely concerned that the use of unilateral coercive economic measures adversely affects the economy and development efforts of developing countries in particular and has a general negative impact on international economic cooperation and on worldwide efforts to move towards a non-discriminatory and open multilateral trading system,", "Recognizing that such measures constitute a flagrant violation of the principles of international law as set forth in the Charter, as well as the basic principles of the multilateral trading system,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[2]", "2. Urges the international community to adopt urgent and effective measures to eliminate the use of unilateral coercive economic measures against developing countries that are not authorized by relevant organs of the United Nations or are inconsistent with the principles of international law as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and that contravene the basic principles of the multilateral trading system;", "3. Calls upon the international community to condemn and reject the imposition of the use of such measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries;", "4. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor the imposition of measures of this nature and to study the impact of such measures on the affected countries, including the impact on trade and development;", "5. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[2]  A/66/138." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.1)]", "66/186. Unilateral economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the relevant principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, which states, inter alia, that no State may use or encourage unilateral economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights,", "Bearing in mind the general principles governing the international trading system and trade policy for development contained in relevant resolutions, rules and provisions of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization,", "Recalling its resolutions 44/215 of 22 December 1989, 46/210 of 20 December 1991, 48/168 of 21 December 1993, 50/96 of 20 December 1995, 52/181 of 18 December 1997, 54/200 of 22 December 1999, 56/179 of 21 December 2001, 58/198 of 23 December 2003, 60/185 of 22 December 2005, 62/183 of 19 December 2007 and 64/189 of 21 December 2009,", "Gravely concerned that the use of unilateral coercive economic measures adversely affects the economies and development efforts of developing countries in particular and has a general negative impact on international economic cooperation and on worldwide efforts to establish a non-discriminatory and open multilateral trading system,", "Recognizing that such measures flagrantly violate the principles of international law as set forth in the Charter and the fundamental principles of the multilateral trading system,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[2]", "Urges the international community to take urgent and effective measures to eliminate the use of unilateral coercive economic measures against developing countries that are not authorized by the relevant organs of the United Nations, are inconsistent with the principles of international law as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and are contrary to the basic principles of the multilateral trading system;", "3. Urges the international community to condemn and resist the imposition of such measures as tools for political and economic coercion against developing countries;", "4. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor the imposition of measures of this nature and to study the impact of such measures on affected countries, including trade and development;", "5. Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[2] A/66/138." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.2)通过]", "66/187. 国际金融体制与发展", "大会，", "回顾其题为“建立一个应对特别是发展中国家增长和发展方面优先事项和有利于促进经济和社会公平的强化和稳定的国际金融体制”的2000年12月20日第55/186号和2001年12月21日第56/181号决议，以及2002年12月20日第57/241号、2003年12月23日第58/202号、2004年12月22日第59/222号、2005年12月22日第60/186号、2006年12月20日第61/187号、2007年12月19日第62/185号、2008年12月19日第63/205号、2009年12月21日第64/190号和2010年12月20日第65/143号决议，", "又回顾《联合国千年宣言》[1] 及大会认可《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》[2] 的2002年7月9日第56/210 B号决议、《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、[3] 《21世纪议程》、[4]《进一步执行21世纪议程方案》[5] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[6]", "还回顾2008年11月29日至12月2日在多哈举行的审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件《发展筹资问题多哈宣言》，[7]", "回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议及其成果文件，[8]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别会议及其成果文件，[9]", "认识到对世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议成果文件所列问题采取后续行动的大会不限成员名额特设工作组所开展的工作，并表示注意到工作组的进展情况报告，[10]", "深切关注当前世界金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，认识到全球经济正在进入一个富有挑战性的新阶段，面临严重下行风险，其中包括全球金融和商品市场动荡不已以及财政状况普遍紧张，危及全球经济复苏，着重指出需要继续处理体制弱点和失衡问题，并需要继续努力改革和加强国际金融体制，", "注意到尽管某些发展中国家为最近的全球经济增长作出了主要贡献，但是经济危机削弱了它们抵御进一步冲击的能力，回顾为支持强劲、持续、均衡和包容性增长而作出的承诺，重申需要齐心协力履行发展承诺，以便到2015年实现千年发展目标，", "重申《联合国宪章》所载联合国宗旨，包括促成国际合作，以解决属于经济、社会、文化或人道主义性质的国际问题，作为协调各国行动之中心，以达成共同目的，并重申需要加强联合国在促进发展方面的领导作用，", "重申国际金融体制应该支持发展中国家实现持续、包容性和公平的经济增长、可持续发展以及消除饥饿和贫穷的努力，同时允许协调一致地调动一切来源的发展资金，", "回顾第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议和《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[11] 在此方面确认国际金融体制应酌情支持最不发达国家的特殊需要和优先事项，", "强调指出必须致力于确保有健全的国内金融部门，健全的国内金融部门是有利于发展的国际金融架构的重要组成部分，可以对国家发展努力作出重大贡献，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[12]", "2. 确认需要继续加强国际货币、金融和贸易体制的一致性和连贯性，必须保证这些体制的开放性、公平性和包容性，以补充国家发展努力，确保经济持续、普惠和公平增长以及实现国际商定的发展目标，包括千年发展目标；", "3. 强调必须采取果断行动应对全球经济面临的挑战，确保实现均衡、持续、普惠和公平的全球增长，创造充分的生产性就业机会和优质就业岗位；", "4. 在这方面注意到国家、区域和国际各级为应对金融和经济危机带来的挑战作出了重要努力，包括努力加强金融部门，增强其透明度和问责制；", "5. 又指出联合国凭借其会员普遍性和合法性，是可以讨论国际经济问题及其对发展的影响的独特而重要的论坛，重申它完全有能力参与各种改革进程，以改善和加强国际金融体制和架构的有效运作，同时认识到联合国和国际金融机构的权限具有互补性，因此彼此协调行动至关重要；", "6. 在这方面回顾决心在明确了解和尊重各自权限和治理结构的基础上，加强联合国系统与多边金融、贸易和发展机构的协调，以支持在全世界实现经济增长、消除贫穷和可持续发展；", "7. 又回顾各国必须有必要的灵活性，以采取反周期性措施，并对危机采取量身定制、有针对性的对策，呼吁简化附加条件，确保及时推出量身定制并具有针对性的对策，并向面临金融、经济和发展挑战的发展中国家提供支持；", "8. 在这方面还回顾国际货币基金组织除其他外通过简化条件和设立预防性和流动性额度等比较灵活的工具，改善了贷款框架，同时指出，新的和正在实行的方案不应附加不必要的顺周期性条件；", "9. 确认私人资本流动在调动发展资金方面的作用，强调指出流入许多发展中国家的短期资金过多所带来的挑战，鼓励进一步审查可用来减缓游资流动的影响的宏观审慎监管措施的利弊，并请秘书长在编写本决议执行情况报告时考虑到这一点；", "10. 指出各国作为最后手段，可以根据个案情况并通过现行框架，设法谈判达成债权人与债务人之间的临时债务冻结协定，以利于减轻这场危机的不利影响，并稳定宏观经济发展；", "11. 重申必须扩大和加强发展中国家对国际经济决策和规范制定的参与，在这方面表示注意到最近作出重要决定，要对布雷顿森林机构的管理结构、份额和投票权加以改革，以更好地反映当前的现实情况并增强发展中国家的发言权和参与，重申必须对这些机构进行管理改革，以提高它们的效力、公信力、负责任程度和合法性；", "12. 在这方面注意到世界银行集团就发言权和参与以及深化体制改革以迎接新挑战和在世界银行集团执行董事会增设第25个席位作出的决定，并期待其体制改革取得进展；呼吁国际货币基金组织迅速执行2010年份额和管理改革；重申国际货币基金组织和其他国际金融机构在挑选首长时必须实行开放、透明和任人唯贤的程序；", "13. 确认特别提款权作为国际储备资产的作用，承认最近的特别提款权分配有助于补充国际储备，以应对全球金融和经济危机，从而为促进国际金融体制的稳定和全球经济复原力做出贡献；", "14. 重申预防危机的工作应当以有效、包容的多边监督为中心，并强调指出应继续加强对各国经济政策的监督；", "15. 邀请国际金融机构和银行机构继续提高风险评级机制的透明度，指出私营部门进行的主权风险评估应当参照高质量的数据和分析，最大程度地利用严格、客观、透明的参数，并鼓励包括联合国贸易和发展会议在内的相关机构继续研究这一问题，包括研究对发展中国家发展前景可能产生的影响；", "16. 促请多边、区域和次区域开发银行和发展基金继续发挥关键作用，包括酌情通过开展协调一致的行动，满足发展中国家和经济转型国家的发展需要，强调指出，得到加强的区域开发银行和次区域金融机构可为各国和各区域的发展努力提供灵活的金融支持，增强它们的自主权和总体效率，在这方面欢迎多边和区域开发银行最近增加资本，并鼓励努力确保次区域开发银行获得充足资金；", "17. 鼓励加强区域和次区域合作，包括通过区域和次区域开发银行、商业安排和储备货币安排以及其他区域和次区域举措加强这种合作；", "18. 强调指出，鉴于政策不完善所造成的破坏性影响，需要不断提高企业和公共部门治理标准，包括与会计、审计和确保透明度措施有关的标准；", "19. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，此报告将与布雷顿森林机构和其他有关的利益攸关方合作编写；", "20. 决定在大会第六十七届会议临时议程题为“宏观经济政策问题”的项目下，列入题为“国际金融体制与发展”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 《发展筹资问题国际会议报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[3] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[4] 同上，附件二。", "[5] S-19/2号决议，附件。", "[6] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[7] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[8] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[9] 见第65/1号决议。", "[10] A/64/884。", "[11] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[12] A/66/167。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.2)]", "66/187. International financial system and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/186 of 20 December 2000 and 56/181 of 21 December 2001, both entitled “Towards a strengthened and stable international financial architecture responsive to the priorities of growth and development, especially in developing countries, and to the promotion of economic and social equity”, as well as its resolutions 57/241 of 20 December 2002, 58/202 of 23 December 2003, 59/222 of 22 December 2004, 60/186 of 22 December 2005, 61/187 of 20 December 2006, 62/185 of 19 December 2007, 63/205 of 19 December 2008, 64/190 of 21 December 2009 and 65/143 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration[1] and its resolution 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, in which it endorsed the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[2] the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[3] Agenda 21,[4] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21[5] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[6]", "Recalling further the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,[7]", "Recalling the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[8]", "Recalling also the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[9]", "Recognizing the work undertaken by the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly to follow up on the issues contained in the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, and taking note of its progress report,[10]", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the world financial and economic crisis, cognizant that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with significant downside risks, including the turbulence in global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continuing efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Noting that, while some developing countries have been the main contributors to recent global economic growth, the economic crisis has reduced their capacity to withstand further shocks, recalling the commitments made to support strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth, and reaffirming the need to work cooperatively to meet development commitments to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015,", "Reaffirming the purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in its Charter, including to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of common ends, and reiterating the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting development,", "Reiterating that the international financial system should support sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, sustainable development, and hunger and poverty eradication efforts in developing countries, while allowing for the coherent mobilization of all sources of financing for development,", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[11] and recognizing, in this context, that the international financial system should be supportive, as appropriate, of the special needs and priorities of the least developed countries,", "Stressing the importance of commitment to ensuring sound domestic financial sectors, which make a vital contribution to national development efforts, as an important component of an international financial architecture that is supportive of development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[12]", "2. Recognizes the need to continue to enhance the coherence and consistency of the international monetary, financial and trading systems and the importance of ensuring their openness, fairness and inclusiveness in order to complement national development efforts to ensure sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "3. Stresses the need to act decisively to tackle the challenges confronting the global economy in order to ensure balanced, sustainable, inclusive and equitable global growth with full and productive employment and quality jobs;", "4. Notes, in this regard, the important efforts undertaken nationally, regionally and internationally to respond to the challenges posed by the financial and economic crisis, including the efforts to reinforce the banking sector by increasing its transparency and accountability;", "5. Also notes that the United Nations, on the basis of its universal membership and legitimacy, provides a unique and key forum for discussing international economic issues and their impact on development, and reaffirms that the United Nations is well positioned to participate in various reform processes aimed at improving and strengthening the effective functioning of the international financial system and architecture, while recognizing that the United Nations and the international financial institutions have complementary mandates which make the coordination of their actions crucial;", "6. Recalls, in this regard, the resolve to strengthen the coordination of the United Nations system and multilateral financial, trade and development institutions so as to support economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development worldwide, on the basis of a clear understanding of and respect for their mandates and governance structures;", "7. Also recalls that countries must have the flexibility necessary to implement countercyclical measures and to pursue tailored and targeted responses to the crisis, and calls for conditionalities to be streamlined to ensure that they are timely, tailored and targeted and that they support developing countries in the face of financial, economic and development challenges;", "8. Further recalls, in this regard, the improvement of the lending framework of the International Monetary Fund through, inter alia, streamlined conditions and the creation of more flexible instruments, such as a precautionary and liquidity line, while also noting that new and ongoing programmes should not contain unwarranted procyclical conditionalities;", "9. Recognizes the role of private capital flows in mobilizing financing for development, stresses the challenges posed by excessive short-term capital inflows to many developing countries, encourages further review of the benefits and disadvantages of macroprudential measures available to mitigate the impact of volatile capital flows, and requests the Secretary-General to take this into account in preparing his report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "10. Notes that countries can seek to negotiate, as a last resort, on a case-by-case basis and through existing frameworks, agreements on temporary debt standstills between debtors and creditors in order to help to mitigate the adverse impacts of the crisis and to stabilize macroeconomic developments;", "11. Reaffirms the importance of broadening and strengthening the participation of developing countries in international economic decision-making and norm-setting, and in this regard takes note of recent important decisions on reform of the governance structures, quotas and voting rights of the Bretton Woods institutions, better reflecting current realities and enhancing the voice and participation of developing countries, and reiterates the importance of the reform of the governance of those institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions;", "12. Notes, in this regard, the decisions taken by the World Bank Group on voice and participation and further institutional reforms to meet new challenges, and the addition of the twenty-fifth Chair to the Boards of Executive Directors of the World Bank Group, and looks forward to progress in its institutional reforms, calls for the swift implementation of the 2010 quota and governance reform of the International Monetary Fund, and reiterates the importance of an open, transparent and merit-based process for selecting the heads of the International Monetary Fund and other international financial institutions;", "13. Recognizes the role of special drawing rights as an international reserve asset, and acknowledges that recent special drawing rights allocations helped to supplement international reserves in response to the world financial and economic crisis, thus contributing to the stability of the international financial system and global economic resilience;", "14. Reiterates that effective, inclusive multilateral surveillance should be at the centre of crisis prevention efforts, and stresses the need to continue strengthening surveillance of economic policies of countries;", "15. Invites the international financial and banking institutions to continue enhancing the transparency of risk-rating mechanisms, noting that sovereign risk assessments made by the private sector should maximize the use of strict, objective and transparent parameters, which can be facilitated by high-quality data and analysis, and encourages relevant institutions, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to continue their work on the issue, including its potential impact on the development prospects of developing countries;", "16. Calls upon the multilateral, regional and subregional development banks and development funds to continue to play a vital role in serving the development needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition, including through coordinated action, as appropriate, stresses that strengthened regional development banks and subregional financial institutions can add flexible financial support to national and regional development efforts, thus enhancing their ownership and overall efficiency, and in this regard welcomes recent capital increases at multilateral and regional development banks and, in addition, encourages efforts to ensure that subregional development banks are adequately funded;", "17. Encourages enhanced regional and subregional cooperation, including through regional and subregional development banks, commercial and reserve currency arrangements and other regional and subregional initiatives;", "18. Stresses the need to continuously improve standards of corporate and public sector governance, including those related to accounting, auditing and measures to ensure transparency, noting the disruptive effects of inadequate policies;", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, to be prepared in cooperation with the Bretton Woods institutions and other relevant stakeholders;", "20. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “International financial system and development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[3]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[4]  Ibid., annex II.", "[5]  Resolution S‑19/2, annex.", "[6]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[7]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[9]  See resolution 65/1.", "[10]  A/64/884.", "[11]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[12]  A/66/167." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.2)]", "66/187. International financial system and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/186 of 20 December 2000 and 56/181 of 21 December 2001, entitled “Towards a strengthened and stable international financial architecture responsive to the priorities of growth and development, especially in developing countries, and to the promotion of economic and social equity”, as well as its resolutions 57/241 of 20 December 2002, 58/202 of 23 December 2003, 59/222 of 22 December 2004, 60/186 of 22 December 2005, 61/187 of 20 December 2006, 62/185 of 19 December 2007, 63/205 of 19 December 2008, 64/190 of 21 December 2009 and 65/143 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration [1] and its resolution 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, in which it endorsed the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 [5] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation),[6],", "Recalling further the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, the outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,[7]", "Recalling the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document, [8]", "Recalling further the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[9]", "Recognizing the work of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly to follow up on the issues contained in the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, and taking note of the progress report of the Working Group,", "Expressing deep concern about the adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the current world financial and economic crisis, recognizing that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with serious downside risks, including the volatility of global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continued efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Noting that, despite the major contributions of some developing countries to recent global economic growth, the economic crisis has reduced their resilience to further shocks, recalling the commitments made to support strong, sustained, balanced and inclusive growth, and reiterating the need for concerted efforts to fulfil development commitments in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015,", "Reaffirming the purposes of the United Nations, as enshrined in the Charter, including to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and as a centre for the coordination of national actions for the achievement of common ends, and reaffirming also the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting development,", "Reaffirming that the international financial system should support the efforts of developing countries to achieve sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, sustainable development and hunger and poverty eradication, while allowing for the coherent mobilization of all sources of financing for development,", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, and in this regard recognizing that the international financial system should support, as appropriate, the special needs and priorities of the least developed countries,", "Stressing the importance of commitment to ensuring sound domestic financial sectors, which are an important component of an international financial architecture that is supportive of development and can make a significant contribution to national development efforts,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [12]", "2. Recognizes the need to continue to enhance the coherence and consistency of the international monetary, financial and trading systems and the importance of ensuring their openness, fairness and inclusiveness as a complement to national development efforts to ensure sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Stresses the need for decisive action to address the challenges facing the global economy and to ensure balanced, sustained, inclusive and equitable global growth and the creation of full and productive employment and quality jobs;", "4. Notes, in this regard, the important efforts made at the national, regional and international levels to address the challenges posed by the financial and economic crisis, including efforts to strengthen the financial sector and enhance its transparency and accountability;", "5. Also notes that, by virtue of its universal membership and legitimacy, the United Nations is a unique and important forum in which to discuss international economic issues and their impact on development, and reaffirms its full capacity to participate in reform processes aimed at improving and strengthening the effective functioning of the international financial system and architecture, while recognizing the complementarity of mandates between the United Nations and the international financial institutions and the importance of coordinated action among them;", "6. Recalls, in this regard, its determination to strengthen coordination between the United Nations system and multilateral financial, trade and development institutions in support of economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development worldwide, based on a clear understanding of and respect for their respective mandates and governance structures;", "7. Also recalls the need for countries to have the necessary flexibility to take countercyclical measures and to adopt tailored and targeted responses to the crisis, and calls for the simplification of conditionality, ensuring timely delivery of tailored and targeted responses and providing support to developing countries facing financial, economic and development challenges;", "8. Also recalls, in this regard, the improvement of the lending framework of the International Monetary Fund through, inter alia, the simplification of conditions and the establishment of more flexible instruments, such as a precautionary and liquidity line, while noting that new and ongoing programmes should not be subject to unnecessary procyclical conditionalities;", "9. Recognizes the role of private capital flows in mobilizing financing for development, stresses the challenges posed by excessive short-term capital flows to many developing countries, encourages further examination of the advantages and disadvantages of macroprudential measures that could be used to mitigate the impact of volatile flows, and requests the Secretary-General to take this into account in preparing his report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "10. Notes that States may, as a last resort and on a case-by-case basis and through existing frameworks, seek to negotiate temporary debt standstill agreements between creditors and debtors in order to help mitigate the adverse effects of the crisis and to stabilize macroeconomic developments;", "11. Reaffirms the importance of broadening and enhancing the participation of developing countries in international economic decision-making and norm-setting, takes note in this regard of the important recent decisions to reform the governance structure, quotas and voting rights of the Bretton Woods institutions in order to better reflect current realities and enhance the voice and participation of developing countries, and reiterates the importance of regulatory reform of those institutions in order to enhance their effectiveness, credibility, accountability and legitimacy;", "12. Takes note, in this regard, of the decisions taken by the World Bank Group on voice and participation and deepening institutional reforms to meet new challenges and to add a twenty-fifth seat to the Executive Board of the World Bank Group, looks forward to progress in its institutional reforms, calls for the speedy implementation of the 2010 quota and management reforms by the International Monetary Fund, and reiterates the importance of an open, transparent and merit-based process in the selection of heads by the International Monetary Fund and other international financial institutions;", "13. Recognizes the role of special drawing rights as an international reserve asset, and recognizes that recent special drawing rights allocations have helped to replenish international reserves in response to the global financial and economic crisis, thus contributing to the stability of the international financial system and to global economic resilience;", "14. Reaffirms that effective and inclusive multilateral surveillance should be at the centre of crisis prevention efforts, and stresses the need to continue to strengthen surveillance of national economic policies;", "15. Invites the international financial and banking institutions to continue to enhance the transparency of risk-rating mechanisms, notes that sovereign risk assessments conducted by the private sector should maximize the use of strict, objective and transparent parameters, taking into account high-quality data and analysis, and encourages relevant bodies, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to continue to study this issue, including its possible impact on the development prospects of developing countries;", "16. Calls upon the multilateral, regional and subregional development banks and development funds to continue to play a critical role in meeting the development needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition, including through coordinated action, as appropriate, stresses that strengthened regional development banks and subregional financial institutions can provide flexible financial support to national and regional development efforts and enhance their ownership and overall efficiency, welcomes in this regard recent capital increases by multilateral and regional development banks, and encourages efforts to ensure that subregional development banks are adequately funded;", "17. Encourages the strengthening of regional and subregional cooperation, including through regional and subregional development banks, commercial and reserve currency arrangements and other regional and subregional initiatives;", "18. Stresses, in view of the devastating impact of inadequate policies, the need to continuously improve standards of corporate and public sector governance, including those related to accounting, auditing and measures to ensure transparency;", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, to be prepared in cooperation with the Bretton Woods institutions and other relevant stakeholders;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “International financial system and development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 55/2.", "[2] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[3] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[4] Ibid., annex II.", "[5] Resolution S-19/2, annex.", "[6] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[7] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[9] See resolution 65/1.", "[10] A/64/884.", "[11] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[12] A/66/167." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.2)通过]", "66/188. 处理粮食及相关金融和商品市场价格过度波动问题", "大会，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》，[1]其中规定人人有权享受为维持自身健康和福利所需的生活水平，包括食物，并回顾《世界消灭饥饿和营养不良宣言》[2] 及《联合国千年宣言》，[3] 尤其是关于到2015年消除赤贫和饥饿的千年发展目标1，", "铭记《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》[4] 以及世界粮食安全首脑会议的《宣言》，[5]", "回顾其核可发展筹资问题国际会议《蒙特雷共识》[6] 的2002年7月9日第56/210B号决议，又回顾《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[7]", "又回顾《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》，[8]", "还回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议及其成果文件，[9]", "表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织、包括世界粮食安全委员会以及联合国贸易和发展会议开展的工作，尤其是贸发会议最近针对商品市场金融化问题开展的工作，", "又表示注意到最近为帮助各国特别是最贫穷国家政府、企业和农民减轻与粮食价格过度波动有关的风险和建立管理此种风险的能力而采取的各项举措，", "认识到需要支持采取协调一致的全面对策，以解决金融市场中的粮食和相关商品价格过度波动的多重复杂原因，", "深切关注商品价格过度波动和价格过度波动对发展中国家的粮食安全和可持续发展的影响，特别关注许多依赖商品的发展中国家和转型经济体仍极易受到价格过度波动的影响，认识到需要改善对金融和商品市场的适当监管及其运作和透明度，以处理商品价格过度波动问题，", "重申国际金融体制应该支持发展中国家为实现持续、包容和公平的经济增长、可持续发展以及消除饥饿和贫穷而作出的努力，同时允许统筹调动一切来源的发展资金，", "表示注意到秘书长题为“农业发展与粮食安全：世界粮食安全首脑会议成果执行工作进展情况”的报告，其中除其他外强调指出，自大约2004年以来，商品市场的金融化程度显著提高，对商品衍生交易市场的金融投资数额不断增长就反映了这一点，[10]", "又表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金、国际货币基金组织、经济合作与发展组织、联合国贸易和发展会议、世界粮食计划署、世界银行、世界贸易组织、国际粮食政策研究所和全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队2011年6月2日提出的题为“粮食和农业市场价格波动：对策”的政策报告，[11]", "1. 确认多米尼加共和国总统莱昂内尔·费尔南德斯·雷纳先生提出的倡议，即“达成国际共识，力求减少商品市场价格过度波动和投机”；", "2. 强调指出必须采取积极措施，减少粮食价格过度波动，同时确认对这个问题的根源没有充分了解，需要进行更多的研究，在这方面着重指出，必须在各级推动提高透明度和提供更多的市场信息；", "3. 着重指出及时、准确和透明的信息对帮助处理粮食价格过度波动问题很重要，在这方面，表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织主持的农产品市场信息系统，敦促参加的国际组织、私营部门行为体和各国政府确保向大众传播及时优质的粮食市场信息产品；", "4. 请大会第六十六届会议主席在全体会议上举行高级别专题辩论，让会员国、独立专家和其他利益攸关方参加，以促进交流看法，探讨如何处理粮食和相关金融和商品市场价格过度波动问题，同时考虑到国家、区域和国际各级所做的相关工作；", "5. 邀请各有关联合国机构和其他国际组织，特别是联合国粮食及农业组织和联合国贸易和发展会议，以及联合国其他有关机构和国际组织积极参加高级别专题辩论，继续研究和分析这个问题；", "6. 确认在对话中必须考虑发展中国家的需要，强调指出在处理粮食和相关金融和商品市场价格过度波动问题时，应特别关注粮食净进口发展中国家的需要，以实现其粮食安全；", "7. 请秘书长在题为“宏观经济政策问题”的项目和其他有关项目下提出的相关报告中，阐明高级别专题辩论的成果。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 《世界粮食会议的报告，1974年11月5日至16日，罗马》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.75.II.A.3)，第一章。", "[3] 见第55/2号决议。", "[4] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议报告，1996年11月13日至17日》(WFS 96/REP)，第一部分，附录。", "[5] 联合国粮食及农业组织，WSFS 2009/2号文件。", "[6] 《发展筹资问题国际会议报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[7] 《可持续发展问题首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号: C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[8] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[9] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[10] 见A/66/277，第10段。", "[11] 由联合国粮食及农业组织和经济合作与发展组织协调编写的该联合报告已提交二十国集团。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.2)]", "66/188. Addressing excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] which provides that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her or his health and well-being, including food, the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition[2] and the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[3] in particular Millennium Development Goal 1 on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015,", "Bearing in mind the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action[4] and the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, [5]", "Recalling its resolution 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, in which it endorsed the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[6] and recalling also the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[7]", "Recalling also the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[8]", "Recalling further the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[9]", "Taking note of the work undertaken by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, including the Committee on World Food Security, and by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, particularly its recent work on the financialization of commodity markets,", "Taking note also of recent initiatives that aim to help Governments, firms and farmers to mitigate and build capacity to manage the risks associated with excessive food price volatility, in particular in the poorest countries,", "Recognizing the need to support a comprehensive and coordinated response in order to address the multiple and complex causes of excessive price volatility of food and related commodities in financial markets,", "Deeply concerned by excessive volatility of commodity prices and by the impact that excessive price volatility has on food security and sustainable development in developing countries, and, in particular, by the fact that many commodity-dependent developing countries and economies in transition continue to be highly vulnerable to excessive price fluctuations, and recognizing the need to improve the adequate regulation, functioning and transparency of financial and commodity markets in order to address excessive commodity price volatility,", "Reiterating that the international financial system should support sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, sustainable development, and hunger and poverty eradication efforts in developing countries, while allowing for the coherent mobilization of all sources of financing for development,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Agriculture development and food security: progress on the implementation of the outcome of the World Summit on Food Security”, which inter alia, highlights the significant increase in the financialization of commodity markets since about 2004, as reflected in rising volumes of financial investments in commodity derivatives markets,[10]", "Taking note also of the policy report entitled “Price Volatility in Food and Agricultural Markets: Policy Responses”,[11] issued on 2 June 2011 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Food Programme, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the International Food Policy Research Institute and the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis,", "1. Recognizes the initiative of Mr. Leonel Fernández Reyna, President of the Dominican Republic, “Towards Reaching an International Consensus that Aims to Reduce Excessive Price Volatility and Speculation in Commodity Markets”;", "2. Stresses the need to take active measures to reduce excessive food price volatility, while acknowledging that there is an incomplete understanding of its causes and that more research needs to be done, and in this regard underlines the need to promote greater transparency and market information at all levels;", "3. Underlines the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive food price volatility, and in this regard takes note of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and urges the participating international organizations, private-sector actors and Governments to ensure the public dissemination of timely and quality food market information products;", "4. Requests the President of the General Assembly at the sixty-sixth session to convene a high-level thematic debate, to be held in plenary meeting, with the participation of Member States, independent experts and other stakeholders, to promote an exchange of views on addressing excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets, while taking into account relevant work done at the national, regional and international levels;", "5. Invites all relevant United Nations agencies and other international organizations, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, as well as other relevant United Nations agencies and international organizations, to participate actively in the high-level thematic debate and to continue their research and analysis on this matter;", "6. Recognizes the importance of considering, in this dialogue, the needs of developing countries, and stresses that special attention should be given to the needs of net-food-importing developing countries in addressing excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets to achieve their food security;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to consider the outcomes of the high-level thematic debate in relevant reports to be submitted under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions” and other relevant agenda items.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5–16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap. I.", "[3]  See resolution 55/2.", "[4]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13–17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[5]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[6]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[8]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[9]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[10]  See A/66/277, para. 10.", "[11]  Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as a joint report to the Group of Twenty (G‑20)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.2)]", "66/188. Addressing excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her or his health and well-being, including food, the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition and the United Nations Millennium Declaration, in particular Millennium Development Goal 1 on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015,", "Bearing in mind the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action and the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security,[5],", "Recalling its resolution 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, in which it endorsed the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, and recalling also the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[7]", "Recalling also the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, [8]", "Recalling further the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[9]", "Taking note of the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, including the Committee on World Food Security, and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in particular its recent work on the financialization of commodity markets,", "Taking note also of recent initiatives to help countries, in particular the poorest Governments, businesses and farmers, to mitigate risks associated with excessive food price volatility and to build capacity to manage such risks,", "Recognizing the need to support a coordinated and comprehensive response to address the multiple and complex causes of excessive volatility of food and related commodity prices in financial markets,", "Expressing deep concern about the impact of excessive commodity price volatility and excessive price volatility on food security and sustainable development in developing countries, expressing particular concern that many commodity-dependent developing countries and economies in transition remain highly vulnerable to excessive price volatility, and recognizing the need to improve appropriate regulation, functioning and transparency of financial and commodity markets in order to address excessive commodity price volatility,", "Reaffirming that the international financial system should support the efforts of developing countries to achieve sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, sustainable development and hunger and poverty eradication, while allowing for the coherent mobilization of all sources of financing for development,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Agriculture development and food security: progress in the implementation of the outcome of the World Summit on Food Security”, which, inter alia, stresses that the financialization of commodity markets has increased significantly since about 2004, as reflected in the increasing volume of financial investment in commodity derivatives markets,[10]", "Taking note also of the policy report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Food Programme, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the International Food Policy Research Institute and the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis, of 2 June 2011, entitled “Price volatility in food and agriculture markets: a response”, [11]", "Acknowledges the initiative of Mr. Leonel Fernández Reyna, President of the Dominican Republic, “to achieve an international consensus aimed at reducing excessive price volatility and speculation in commodity markets”;", "2. Stresses the importance of taking positive measures to reduce excessive food price volatility, while recognizing that the root causes of the problem are not fully understood and that more research is needed, and in this regard stresses the importance of promoting transparency and greater market information at all levels;", "3. Underlines the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive food price volatility, takes note in this regard of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and urges participating international organizations, private sector actors and Governments to ensure that timely and quality food market information products are disseminated to the general public;", "4. Requests the President of the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly to hold a high-level thematic debate in plenary, with the participation of Member States, independent experts and other stakeholders, to facilitate an exchange of views on how to address excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets, taking into account relevant work done at the national, regional and international levels;", "Invites relevant United Nations bodies and other international organizations, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, as well as other relevant United Nations bodies and international organizations, to participate actively in the high-level thematic debate and to continue to study and analyse this issue;", "6. Recognizes that the needs of developing countries must be taken into account in the dialogue, and stresses that, in addressing excessive price volatility in food and related financial and commodity markets, special attention should be given to the needs of net food-importing developing countries in order to achieve their food security;", "Requests the Secretary-General to include information on the outcome of the high-level thematic debate in relevant reports submitted under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions” and other relevant items.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5-16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap.", "[3] See resolution 55/2.", "[4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13-17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[5] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[6] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[8] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[9] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[10] See A/66/277, para. 10.", "[11] The joint report, coordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, was submitted to the Group of 20." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.3)通过]", "66/189. 外债可持续性与发展", "大会，", "回顾其2003年12月23日第58/203号、2004年12月22日第59/223号、2005年12月22日第60/187号、2006年12月20日第61/188号、2007年12月19日第62/186号、2008年12月19日第63/206号、2009年12月21日第64/191号和2010年12月20日第65/144号决议，", "又回顾2000年9月8日通过的《联合国千年宣言》，[1]", "还回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[2]", "回顾发展筹资问题国际会议及其成果文件，[3] 以及《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》，[4]", "又回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议及其成果文件，[5]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[6]", "回顾第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议及《伊斯坦布尔宣言》和《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[7]", "又回顾其2003年6月23日第57/270B号决议，", "还回顾其关于2005年世界首脑会议的发展方面成果，包括千年发展目标和其他国际商定发展目标后续行动的2006年6月30日第60/265号决议，", "强调债务可持续性对奠定增长基础必不可少，着重指出债务可持续性和债务的有效管理对旨在实现本国发展目标包括千年发展目标的努力很重要，并承认主权债务危机在就业和生产性投资等方面往往代价高昂并具有破坏性，而且往往随之出现公共支出包括保健服务和教育支出削减，对穷人和弱势群体的影响尤重，", "重申每个国家对本国的发展负有首要责任，而且包括债务管理领域在内的国家政策和发展战略对于实现可持续发展的作用怎么强调都不为过，认识到各国的努力，包括实现发展目标和维持债务可持续性的努力，应得到扶持性全球方案、措施和政策的支持，以扩大发展中国家的发展机会，同时顾及各国的国情，确保尊重各国的自主权、战略和主权，", "又重申包括联合国系统各实体和其他相关组织在内的多边机构应根据各自的权限，在协助各国实现和维持债务可持续性方面继续发挥重要作用，", "重申债务可持续性取决于国际和国家两级许多因素的相互融合，强调债务可持续性分析应当继续考虑到具体国情以及世界金融和经济危机等外部冲击的影响，", "深切关注当前世界金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，认识到全球经济正在进入一个富有挑战性的新阶段，面临严重下行风险，其中包括全球金融和商品市场动荡不已以及财政状况普遍紧张，危及全球经济复苏，着重指出需要继续处理体制弱点和失衡问题，并需要继续努力改革和加强国际金融体制，", "确认在国家、区域和国际各级为应对世界金融和经济危机带来的挑战而作出的努力很重要，并承认这一危机对发展的影响仍然存在，有可能损害在实现国际商定目标、包括千年发展目标方面取得的进展，而且由于除其他外给实体经济和政府收入造成后果以及为减轻危机的负面影响而增加借贷，威胁许多国家、特别是发展中国家的债务可持续性，", "又确认根据个案情况减免债务，包括酌情取消债务和债务重组，作为预防和管理债务危机的工具，可以在减轻世界金融和经济危机对发展中国家的影响方面发挥重要作用，", "还确认私人资本流动在调动发展资金方面的作用，强调指出流入许多发展中国家的短期资本过多所带来的挑战，包括对其债务可持续性的挑战，并鼓励进一步审查可用来减缓游资流动影响的宏观审慎监管措施的利弊，", "表示关切一些低收入国家在偿债方面面临更多挑战，", "深表关切国际社会虽作出了努力，但许多最不发达国家依然债台高筑，", "赞赏地注意到重债穷国倡议、多边减债倡议和双边捐助方为达到重债穷国倡议完成点的32个国家减免了大量债务，这大大降低了这些国家的债务脆弱性，使它们能够增加对社会服务的投资，同时关切地承认一些已达到完成点的国家仍被归类为极有可能受债务困扰的国家，必须避免再次累积不可持续的债务负担，", "深信改善发展中国家有意出口的商品和服务的市场准入大大有助于这些国家的债务可持续性，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[8]", "2. 强调及时就发展中国家的债务问题达成一项有效、全面和持久的解决办法，对于促进这些国家的经济增长和发展特别重要；", "3. 强调指出负责任借贷的重要性，强调债权人和债务人必须共同承担责任，防止出现不可持续的债务局面，并鼓励会员国、布雷顿森林机构、区域开发银行和其他相关多边金融机构和利益攸关方除其他外继续在联合国贸易和发展会议关于提倡负责任的主权借贷行为的倡议框架内就这一问题进行讨论；", "4. 承认国际货币基金组织和世界银行联合拟订的低收入国家的债务可持续性框架在指导借贷决定方面所发挥的作用，鼓励在借款国政府充分参与下，以公开、透明的方式继续对该框架进行审查；", "5. 重申不应采用单一指标对一国的债务可持续性做出定论，并在这方面承认需要采用透明的可比指标，邀请国际货币基金组织和世界银行在评估债务可持续性时，继续考虑到一国的结构性弱点和除其他外由自然灾害、冲突和全球增长前景或贸易条件的变化，尤其是对依赖商品的发展中国家而言、以及金融市场形势发展的影响等因素引起的根本性变化，并利用适当框架向会员国提供有关该问题的信息；", "6. 确认债务长期可持续性尤其取决于经济增长、国内和国际资源调动情况、债务国的出口前景、负责任的债务管理、稳健的宏观经济政策、透明而有效的监管框架和成功克服发展方面结构性问题等因素，因而也取决于创造一个有利于发展的良好国际环境；", "7. 又确认世界金融和经济危机极为严重且涉及多个层面，造成若干发展中国家债务比率急剧恶化，强调指出必须继续协助发展中国家避免累积不可持续的债务，以降低再次陷入债务危机的风险，在这方面表示注意到在危机期间和自危机以来，已通过国际货币基金组织和多边开发银行提供额外资源，并呼吁继续为低收入国家提供优惠贷款和赠款，使其能够应对这场危机的后果；", "8. 还确认联合国和国际金融机构根据各自权限发挥的作用，并鼓励它们继续支持全球努力实现发展中国家的持续、包容和公平的增长、可持续发展以及外债可持续性，包括继续监测全球资金流动及其在这方面的影响；", "9. 强调需要制定协调一致的政策推动债务筹资、债务减免和债务重组，在这方面回顾国际货币基金组织除其他外通过简化条件要求和创建预防性和流动性额度等更灵活的工具，改善了贷款框架，同时指出各项新的和正在实行的方案不应附加不必要的顺周期性条件，并敦促多边开发银行继续着手提供灵活、优惠、快速发放且重头放在前期的援助，以便快速为在实现千年发展目标方面面临筹资缺口的发展中国家提供大量援助，同时考虑到这些国家各自的吸收能力和债务可持续性；", "10. 注意到国际货币基金组织以在2011年底前对于通过优惠贷款机制提供的贷款不收取任何利息的形式向低收入国家提供利息减免，并邀请国际货币基金组织考虑将其对低收入国家的优惠贷款安排延至2011年后时期；", "11. 又注意到，作为最后手段，各国可要求根据个案情况并通过现有框架谈判达成债务人与债权人之间的临时债务冻结协定，以利于减轻这场危机的不利影响，稳定宏观经济动向；", "12. 还注意到在重债穷国倡议和多边减债倡议下取得的进展，同时表示关切一些国家尚未达到决定点或完成点，呼吁及时充分执行这些倡议，继续支持符合条件的其余国家完成重债穷国倡议进程，并鼓励包括债权人和债务人在内的所有各方尽快履行承诺，以完成债务减免进程；", "13． 欢迎和鼓励重债穷国所做的努力，吁请它们除其他外通过创造有利于私营部门发展的国内环境以及建立稳定的宏观经济框架和透明、负责任的公共财政体系，继续加强促进经济增长和消除贫穷的国内政策，并邀请国际融资机构和捐助界继续提供充足且足够优惠的融资；", "14. 鼓励国际金融机构审查债务减免倡议的执行情况和影响，以更好地了解有些国家为何在重债穷国倡议完成后仍面临持续的债务问题，并呼吁考虑解决这些问题的战略；", "15. 着重指出，除非所有公共和私人债权人公平做出自己的贡献，参与国际债务解决机制，确保符合债务减免条件的重债穷国的债务可持续性，否则这些国家将无法从中充分受益；邀请尚未充分参加债务减免倡议的公共和私人债权人大幅提高参与程度，包括尽量向已与债权人签订可持续债务减免协定的债务国提供同等待遇；", "16. 强调指出债务减免可在释放资源方面发挥重要作用，这些资源应用于有利于消除贫穷、持续经济增长、经济发展以及包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的活动，为此，敦促各国根据本国优先事项目标和战略，把通过债务减免特别是债务取消和减债释放的资源用于实现这些目标；", "17. 鼓励捐助国采取步骤，确保在重债穷国倡议和多边减债倡议下提供的债务减免资源不减损准备提供给发展中国家的官方发展援助资源；", "18. 关切地注意到一些未纳入现有债务减免倡议的中、低收入发展中国家的债务负担可能很重，可能对调动必要资源实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的努力形成制约，这表明可能需要逐一审议针对这些国家的债务减免倡议，并鼓励审议中期和长期可持续性问题，以及处理双边和私人的非巴黎俱乐部债务的新办法；", "19. 鼓励巴黎俱乐部在处理未纳入重债穷国倡仪的中、低收入债务国的债务问题时，除了这些国家的融资缺口以外，还应考虑这些国家的中期债务可持续性，并赞赏地注意到巴黎俱乐部在维持取消重债穷国债务的做法的同时，还采取埃维昂办法提供不同的债务减免条件，以满足各债务国的具体需求；", "20. 强调指出国际社会在监测最不发达国家的债务状况时必须保持警惕，并继续采取有效措施，最好在现有框架内采取措施，以解决这些国家的债务问题，包括取消最不发达国家对公共和私人债权人欠下的多边和双边债务；", "21. 欢迎国际社会做出努力并促请国际社会提供灵活性，强调指出需要继续开展这些努力，帮助冲突后发展中国家特别是其中的重债穷国实现初步重建，以促进经济和社会发展；", "22. 又欢迎债权人做出努力，并邀请债权人为受自然灾害影响的发展中国家提供灵活性，以便这些国家解决本国债务问题，债权人这样做时应考虑到这些国家的具体国情和需要；", "23. 呼吁考虑旨在确保债务长期可持续性的其他措施和倡议，增加赠款和其他形式的优惠融资，百分之百取消重债穷国符合条件的多边和双边官方债务，并酌情根据个案情况，为未纳入重债穷国倡议、债务负担不可持续的发展中国家提供大幅债务减免或债务重组；", "24. 邀请捐助国考虑到对具体国家的债务可持续性分析，继续努力为发展中国家提供更多有助于实现中长期债务可持续性的双边赠款，并确认各国需要在维持债务可持续性的同时，有能力促进就业和生产性投资并投资于卫生和教育等领域；", "25. 呼吁加紧努力，通过加强预防和解决危机的国际金融机制，防止发生债务危机，降低债务危机的规模和代价，鼓励私营部门为此进行合作，并邀请债权人和债务人进一步在相互商定、透明和个案基础上，酌情探索使用诸如债务转换等新的和改进的债务工具和创新机制，包括千年发展目标项目中的债务换权益办法以及债务指数化工具；", "26. 又呼吁考虑根据现有框架和原则，在债权人和债务人广泛参与下设法改善主权债务重组和债务解决机制，给予所有债权国同等待遇，并让布雷顿森林机构和联合国系统内其他有关组织发挥重要作用，为此，促请所有国家促进和推动在联合国内以及其他论坛中进行讨论，探讨在这个领域建立更规范的国际合作框架的必要性和可行性；", "27. 决定在大会第六十七届会议期间，第二委员会举办一次有包括多边金融机构在内的所有相关利益攸关方参加的特别活动，专门讨论债务危机的经验教训以及在主权债务重组和债务解决机制方面正在开展的工作；", "28. 注意到一些国家主权债务的构成不断变化，已经更多地从官方借贷向商业借贷并从公共外债向内债转变，但多数低收入国家的外债仍基本为官方债务，又注意到国内债务水平以及官方和私人债权人数目的大幅增加会对宏观经济管理和公共债务可持续性造成其他挑战，并强调指出，必须通过改进数据收集和分析等办法，处理这些变化带来的影响；", "29.　确认对兀鹫基金诉讼的关切，以及一些债务国在按照巴黎俱乐部协定所载标准条款的规定从非巴黎俱乐部债权人那里获得同等待遇方面可能遇到困难，并鼓励相关机构继续向债务国提供解决诉讼问题的机制和法律援助；", "30. 强调指出，在作出和评价各种债务假设时，包括在评估国内公共和私人债务时，需要加强信息共享、提高透明度和采用客观标准，以确保实现各项发展目标，确认信用评级机构在提供信息方面具有重要作用，包括评估公司和主权风险，为此，邀请大会第六十六届会议主席就信用评级机构在国际金融体制中的作用问题举行一次专题辩论，并请秘书长在编写关于本决议执行情况的报告时继续报告有关这一问题的情况；", "31. 邀请国际社会继续努力提供更大支持，包括资金和技术援助，帮助发展中国家进行体制能力建设，以加强债务的可持续管理，将其作为国家发展战略的一个组成部分，包括改善透明和负责任的债务管理制度，提高谈判和重新谈判的能力，并为处理外债诉讼以及债权人与债务人之间的债务数据核对提供法律咨询，以实现和维持债务可持续性；", "32. 邀请联合国贸易和发展会议、国际货币基金组织和世界银行与各区域委员会、区域开发银行及其他相关多边金融机构和利益攸关方合作，在发展中国家债务管理和债务可持续性领域的能力建设活动中继续开展和加强合作；", "33. 鼓励所有债权人和债务人进一步改进自愿交流借贷信息的活动；", "34. 承认及时提供关于债务水平和债务构成的全面数据，是除其他外建立旨在限制债务危机影响的预警系统的一个必要条件，呼吁债务国和债权国加强收集数据的努力，并呼吁捐助方考虑加大对旨在提高发展中国家这方面统计能力的技术合作方案的支持力度；", "35. 吁请所有会员国和联合国系统并邀请布雷顿森林机构以及私营部门采取适当措施和行动，落实联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议的承诺、协定和决定，尤其是有关发展中国家外债可持续性问题的承诺、协定和决定；", "36. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，并在报告中对发展中国家外债状况作出全面实质性分析；", "37. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“宏观经济政策问题”的项目下，列入题为“外债可持续性与发展”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 见第60/1号决议。", "[3] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[4] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[5] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[6] 见第65/1号决议。", "[7] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第一和二章。", "[8] A/66/164。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.3)]", "66/189. External debt sustainability and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/203 of 23 December 2003, 59/223 of 22 December 2004, 60/187 of 22 December 2005, 61/188 of 20 December 2006, 62/186 of 19 December 2007, 63/206 of 19 December 2008, 64/191 of 21 December 2009 and 65/144 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted on 8 September 2000,[1]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[2]", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development and its outcome document[3] and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[4]", "Recalling also the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[5]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[6]", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and the Istanbul Declaration and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[7]", "Recalling also its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003,", "Recalling further its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals,", "Emphasizing that debt sustainability is essential for underpinning growth, underlining the importance of debt sustainability and effective debt management to the efforts to achieve national development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and acknowledging that sovereign debt crises tend to be costly and disruptive, including for employment and productive investment, and tend to be followed by cuts in public spending, including on health and education, affecting in particular the poor and vulnerable,", "Reaffirming that each country has primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and development strategies, including in the area of debt management, cannot be overemphasized for the achievement of sustainable development, and recognizing that national efforts, including to achieve development goals and to maintain debt sustainability, should be complemented by supportive global programmes, measures and policies aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries, while taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty,", "Reaffirming also that multilateral institutions, including entities within the United Nations system and other relevant organizations, should continue to play an important role, given their respective mandates, in assisting countries in achieving and maintaining debt sustainability,", "Reiterating that debt sustainability depends on a confluence of many factors at the international and national levels, and emphasizing that country-specific circumstances and the impact of external shocks, such as those derived from the world financial and economic crisis, should continue to be taken into account in debt sustainability analyses,", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the world financial and economic crisis, cognizant that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with significant downside risks, including turbulence in global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continuing efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Recognizing the importance of efforts undertaken at the national, regional and international levels in response to the challenges posed by the world financial and economic crisis, and acknowledging that the impacts of the crisis on development continue, entail the possibility of undermining the progress made towards achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and threaten debt sustainability in many countries, especially developing countries, through, inter alia, the consequences on the real economy and government revenue and the increase in borrowing to mitigate the negative impacts of the crisis,", "Recognizing also the important role, on a case-by-case basis, of debt relief, including debt cancellation, as appropriate, and debt restructuring as debt crisis prevention and management tools for mitigating the impact of the world financial and economic crisis in developing countries,", "Recognizing further the role of private capital flows in mobilizing financing for development, stressing the challenges posed by excessive short-term capital inflows to many developing countries, including to their debt sustainability, and encouraging further review of the benefits and disadvantages of the macroprudential measures available to mitigate the impact of volatile capital flows,", "Expressing concern that some low-income countries face increased challenges in servicing their debt,", "Expressing deep concern that, in spite of international efforts, many least developed countries still struggle with a high debt burden,", "Noting with appreciation that the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative and bilateral donors have provided substantial debt relief to thirty-two countries that have reached the completion point under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, which has considerably reduced their debt vulnerability and enabled them to increase their investments in social services, while acknowledging with concern that some post-completion point countries remain classified as being at high risk of debt distress and need to avoid rebuilding unsustainable debt burdens,", "Convinced that enhanced market access for goods and services of export interest to developing countries contributes significantly to debt sustainability in those countries,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[8]", "2. Emphasizes the special importance of a timely, effective, comprehensive and durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries in order to promote their economic growth and development;", "3. Stresses the importance of responsible lending and borrowing, emphasizes that creditors and debtors must share responsibility for preventing unsustainable debt situations, and encourages Member States, the Bretton Woods institutions, the regional development banks and other relevant multilateral financial institutions and stakeholders to continue the ongoing discussions on this issue, inter alia, within the framework of the initiative of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to promote responsible sovereign lending and borrowing;", "4. Acknowledges the role played by the Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries, jointly developed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, to guide borrowing and lending decisions, and encourages continued review of the Framework, with the full engagement of borrower Governments, in an open and transparent manner;", "5. Reiterates that no single indicator should be used to make definitive judgements about a country’s debt sustainability, and, in this regard, while acknowledging the need to use transparent and comparable indicators, invites the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in their assessment of debt sustainability, to continue to take into account a country’s structural weaknesses and the fundamental changes caused by, inter alia, natural disasters, conflicts and changes in global growth prospects or in the terms of trade, especially for commodity-dependent developing countries, as well as by the impact of developments in financial markets, and to provide information on this issue to Member States, using the appropriate frameworks;", "6. Recognizes that the long-term sustainability of debt depends on, inter alia, economic growth, mobilization of domestic and international resources, export prospects of debtor countries, responsible debt management, sound macroeconomic policies, transparent and effective regulatory frameworks and success in overcoming structural development problems, and hence on the creation of an enabling international environment that is conducive to development;", "7. Also recognizes the enormity and the multidimensional nature of the world financial and economic crisis, which caused a sharp deterioration of the debt ratios in several developing countries, stresses the need to continue to assist developing countries in avoiding a build-up of unsustainable debt so as to reduce the risk of relapsing into another debt crisis, takes note in this regard of the additional resources made available during and since the crisis through the International Monetary Fund and the multilateral development banks, and calls for the continued provision of concessional and grant-based financing to low-income countries to enable them to respond to the consequences of the crisis;", "8. Further recognizes the roles of the United Nations and the international financial institutions in accordance with their respective mandates, and encourages them to continue to support global efforts towards sustained, inclusive and equitable growth, sustainable development and the external debt sustainability of developing countries, including through continued monitoring of global financial flows and their implications in this regard;", "9. Emphasizes the need for coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, recalls, in this regard, the improvement of the lending framework of the International Monetary Fund through, inter alia, streamlined conditions and the creation of more flexible instruments, such as a precautionary and liquidity line, while noting that new and ongoing programmes should not contain unwarranted procyclical conditionalities, and urges the multilateral development banks to continue to move forward on flexible, concessional, fast-disbursing and front-loaded assistance that will substantially and quickly assist developing countries facing financing gaps in their efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, taking into consideration the individual absorptive capacities and debt sustainability of those countries;", "10. Notes the provision by the International Monetary Fund of interest relief to low-income countries in the form of zero-interest payments on financing from concessional lending facilities until the end of 2011, and invites the Fund to consider extending its concessional loan facilities for low-income countries for the post‑2011 period;", "11. Also notes that countries can seek to negotiate, as a last resort, on a case‑by-case basis and through existing frameworks, agreements on temporary debt standstills between debtors and creditors in order to help mitigate the adverse impacts of the crisis and stabilize macroeconomic developments;", "12. Further notes the progress made under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, while expressing concern that some countries have yet to reach decision or completion points, calls for the full and timely implementation of those Initiatives and for continued support to the remaining eligible countries in completing the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative process, and encourages all parties, both creditors and debtors, to fulfil their commitments as rapidly as possible in order to complete the debt relief process;", "13. Welcomes and encourages the efforts of the heavily indebted poor countries, calls upon them to continue to strengthen their domestic policies to promote economic growth and poverty eradication through, inter alia, the creation of a domestic environment conducive to private-sector development, a stable macroeconomic framework and transparent and accountable systems of public finance, and invites the international financing institutions and the donor community to continue to provide adequate and sufficiently concessional financing;", "14. Encourages the international financial institutions to review the implementation and the impact of debt relief initiatives to better understand why some countries still face persisting debt problems after completion of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, and calls for the consideration of strategies to address them;", "15. Underlines the fact that heavily indebted poor countries eligible for debt relief will not be able to enjoy its full benefits unless all creditors, both public and private, contribute their fair share and become involved in the international debt resolution mechanisms to ensure the debt sustainability of those countries, invites creditors, both private and public, that are not yet fully participating in debt relief initiatives to substantially increase their participation, including through providing comparable treatment to the extent possible to debtor countries that have concluded sustainable debt relief agreements with creditors;", "16. Stresses that debt relief can play a key role in liberating resources that should be directed towards activities consistent with poverty eradication, sustained economic growth, economic development and the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and in this regard urges countries to direct the resources freed through debt relief, in particular through debt cancellation and reduction, towards those objectives, according to their national priorities and strategies;", "17. Encourages donor countries to take steps to ensure that resources provided for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative do not detract from official development assistance resources intended to be available for developing countries;", "18. Notes with concern that some low- and middle-income developing countries that are not part of existing debt relief initiatives may have large debt burdens that may create constraints on mobilizing the resources needed to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, indicating a possible need to consider debt relief initiatives for those countries on a case-by-case basis, and encourages the consideration of medium- and long-term sustainability as well as new approaches to deal with bilateral and private non-Paris Club debt;", "19. Encourages the Paris Club, in dealing with the debt of low- and middle-income debtor countries that are not part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, to take into account their medium-term debt sustainability in addition to their financing gaps, and notes with appreciation the Evian approach of the Paris Club in providing different terms of debt relief in order to respond to the specific needs of debtor countries while preserving debt cancellation for heavily indebted poor countries;", "20. Stresses the need for the international community to remain vigilant in monitoring the debt situation of the least developed countries and to continue to take effective measures, preferably within existing frameworks, to address the debt problem of those countries, including through the cancellation of the multilateral and bilateral debt owed by least developed countries to creditors, both public and private;", "21. Welcomes the efforts of and calls upon the international community to provide flexibility, and stresses the need to continue those efforts in helping post‑conflict developing countries, especially those that are heavily indebted and poor, to achieve initial reconstruction for economic and social development;", "22. Also welcomes the efforts of and invites creditors to provide flexibility to developing countries affected by natural disasters so as to allow them to address their debt concerns, while taking into account their specific situations and needs;", "23. Calls for the consideration of additional measures and initiatives aimed at ensuring long-term debt sustainability through increased grant-based and other forms of concessional financing, the cancellation of 100 per cent of the eligible official multilateral and bilateral debt of heavily indebted poor countries and, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, significant debt relief or restructuring for developing countries with an unsustainable debt burden that are not part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative;", "24. Invites donor countries, taking into account country-specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries, which could contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to promote employment and productive investment and to invest in, inter alia, health and education while maintaining debt sustainability;", "25. Calls for the intensification of efforts to prevent and mitigate the prevalence and cost of debt crises by enhancing international financial mechanisms for crisis prevention and resolution, encourages the private sector to cooperate in this regard, and invites creditors and debtors to further explore, where appropriate and on a mutually agreed, transparent and case-by-case basis, the use of new and improved debt instruments and innovative mechanisms such as debt swaps, including debt for equity in Millennium Development Goal projects, as well as debt indexation instruments;", "26. Also calls for the consideration of enhanced approaches to sovereign debt restructuring and debt resolution mechanisms, based on existing frameworks and principles, with the broad participation of creditors and debtors, the comparable treatment of all creditors and an important role for the Bretton Woods institutions and other relevant organizations within the United Nations system, and in this regard calls upon all countries to promote and contribute to the discussions, within the United Nations and other appropriate forums, on the need for and feasibility of a more structured framework for international cooperation in this area;", "27. Decides to devote one of the special events of the Second Committee during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly to lessons learned from debt crises and to the ongoing work on sovereign debt restructuring and debt resolution mechanisms, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including multilateral financial institutions;", "28. Notes the changing composition of the sovereign debt of some countries, which has shifted increasingly from official to commercial borrowing and from external to domestic public debt, although for most low-income countries external finance is still largely official, also notes that the levels of domestic debt and the significantly increased number of creditors, both official and private, could create other challenges for macroeconomic management and public debt sustainability, and stresses the need to address the implications of these changes, including through improved data collection and analysis;", "29. Recognizes concerns about vulture fund litigation and that some debtor countries may experience difficulties in obtaining comparable treatment from non‑Paris Club creditors, as required by the standard clause included in Paris Club agreements, and encourages the continued provision by the relevant institutions of mechanisms and legal assistance to debtor countries to solve litigation issues;", "30. Stresses the need to increase information-sharing, transparency and the use of objective criteria in the construction and evaluation of debt scenarios, including an assessment of domestic public and private debt, in order to ensure the achievement of development goals, recognizes that credit-rating agencies play a significant role in the provision of information, including the assessment of corporate and sovereign risks, and in this regard invites the President of the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session to convene a thematic debate on the role of credit rating agencies in the international financial system and requests the Secretary-General to continue to report on this issue when preparing his report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "31. Invites the international community to continue efforts to increase support, including financial and technical assistance, for institutional capacity-building in developing countries to enhance sustainable debt management as an integral part of national development strategies, including by promoting transparent and accountable debt management systems and negotiation and renegotiation capacities and through supporting legal advice in relation to tackling external debt litigation and debt data reconciliation between creditors and debtors so that debt sustainability may be achieved and maintained;", "32. Invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in cooperation with the regional commissions, regional development banks and other relevant multilateral financial institutions and stakeholders, to continue and intensify cooperation in respect of capacity-building activities in developing countries in the area of debt management and debt sustainability;", "33. Encourages further improvement of the mutual exchange of information, on a voluntary basis, on borrowing and lending among all creditors and borrowers;", "34. Acknowledges that timely and comprehensive data on the level and composition of debt are a condition necessary for, inter alia, building early warning systems aimed at limiting the impact of debt crises, calls for debtor and creditor countries to intensify their efforts to collect data, and calls for donors to consider increasing their support for technical cooperation programmes aimed at increasing the statistical capacity of developing countries in that regard;", "35. Calls upon all Member States and the United Nations system, and invites the Bretton Woods institutions and the private sector, to take appropriate measures and actions for the implementation of the commitments, agreements and decisions of the major United Nations conferences and summits, in particular those related to the question of the external debt sustainability of developing countries;", "36. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and to include in the report a comprehensive and substantive analysis of the external debt situation of developing countries;", "37. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “External debt sustainability and development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  See resolution 60/1.", "[3]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[5]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[6]  See resolution 65/1.", "[7]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chaps. I and II.", "[8]  A/66/164." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.3)]", "66/189. External debt sustainability and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/203 of 23 December 2003, 59/223 of 22 December 2004, 60/187 of 22 December 2005, 61/188 of 20 December 2006, 62/186 of 19 December 2007, 63/206 of 19 December 2008, 64/191 of 21 December 2009 and 65/144 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted on 8 September 2000, [1]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[2]", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development and its outcome document, and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, [4]", "Recalling also the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[5]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [6]", "Recalling the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and the Istanbul Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020 [7],", "Recalling also its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003,", "Recalling further its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals,", "Emphasizing that debt sustainability is essential for underpinning growth, underlining the importance of debt sustainability and effective debt management to efforts to achieve national development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizing that sovereign debt crises are often costly and disruptive, including in employment and productive investment, and often accompanied by reductions in public spending, including on health services and education, affecting in particular the poor and vulnerable,", "Reaffirming that each country has primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and development strategies, including in the area of debt management, cannot be overemphasized in the achievement of sustainable development, and recognizing that national efforts, including efforts to achieve development goals and maintain debt sustainability, should be supported by supportive global programmes, measures and policies to expand the development opportunities of developing countries, while taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty,", "Reaffirming also that multilateral institutions, including entities of the United Nations system and other relevant organizations, should continue to play an important role, within their respective mandates, in assisting countries in achieving and maintaining debt sustainability,", "Reiterating that debt sustainability depends on the integration of many factors at the international and national levels, and stressing that country-specific circumstances and the impact of external shocks, such as the world financial and economic crisis, should continue to be taken into account in debt sustainability analysis,", "Expressing deep concern about the adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the current world financial and economic crisis, recognizing that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with serious downside risks, including the volatility of global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continued efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Recognizing the importance of efforts at the national, regional and international levels to address the challenges posed by the world financial and economic crisis, and recognizing that the impact of the crisis on development remains, threatens to undermine progress towards the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and threatens the debt sustainability of many countries, in particular developing countries, as a result of, inter alia, the consequences for the real economy and government revenues and increased borrowing to mitigate the negative impact of the crisis,", "Recognizing also that debt relief, including debt cancellation and debt restructuring, as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, can play an important role in mitigating the impact of the world financial and economic crisis on developing countries as a tool for the prevention and management of debt crises,", "Recognizing further the role of private capital flows in mobilizing financing for development, stressing the challenges posed by excessive short-term capital inflows to many developing countries, including their debt sustainability, and encouraging further examination of the advantages and disadvantages of macroprudential measures that could be used to mitigate the impact of volatile capital flows,", "Expressing concern that some low-income countries face additional challenges in servicing their debt,", "Expressing its deep concern that, despite the efforts of the international community, many least developed countries remain highly indebted,", "Noting with appreciation the significant debt relief provided by the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative and bilateral donors to the 32 countries that have reached the completion point of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, which has significantly reduced their debt vulnerability and enabled them to increase their investment in social services, while acknowledging with concern that some countries that have reached the completion point are still classified as highly at risk of debt distress and that it is important to avoid a recurrence of unsustainable debt burdens,", "Convinced that enhanced market access for goods and services of export interest to developing countries contributes significantly to debt sustainability in those countries,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[8]", "Emphasizes the special importance of a timely, effective, comprehensive and durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries for promoting their economic growth and development;", "3. Stresses the importance of responsible borrowing and lending, stresses the importance of the shared responsibility of creditors and debtors to prevent unsustainable debt situations, and encourages Member States, the Bretton Woods institutions, regional development banks and other relevant multilateral financial institutions and stakeholders to continue to discuss this issue, inter alia, within the framework of the initiative of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to promote responsible sovereign lending and borrowing;", "4. Acknowledges the role of the debt sustainability framework for low-income countries, jointly developed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in guiding lending and borrowing decisions, and encourages continued review of the framework in an open and transparent manner, with the full participation of borrowing Governments;", "5. Reiterates that no single indicator should be used to make definitive judgements about a country ' s debt sustainability, and in this regard invites the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in assessing debt sustainability, to continue to take into account the structural weaknesses of a country and fundamental changes caused, inter alia, by natural disasters, conflicts and changes in global growth prospects or terms of trade, in particular for commodity-dependent developing countries, as well as the impact of developments in financial markets, and to provide Member States with information on this issue using an appropriate framework;", "6. Recognizes that long-term debt sustainability depends, inter alia, on economic growth, the mobilization of domestic and international resources, the export prospects of debtor countries, responsible debt management, sound macroeconomic policies, transparent and effective regulatory frameworks and the successful resolution of structural problems of development, as well as, therefore, on the creation of an enabling international environment for development;", "7. Also recognizes the magnitude and multidimensional nature of the world financial and economic crisis, which has resulted in a sharp deterioration in the debt ratios of a number of developing countries, stresses the importance of continuing to assist developing countries in avoiding a build-up of unsustainable debt in order to reduce the risk of relapsing into debt crises, takes note in this regard of the additional resources made available during and since the crisis through the International Monetary Fund and the multilateral development banks, and calls for the continued provision of concessional loans and grants to low-income countries to enable them to cope with the consequences of the crisis;", "8. Further recognizes the role of the United Nations and the international financial institutions, within their respective mandates, and encourages them to continue to support global efforts towards sustained, inclusive and equitable growth, sustainable development and external debt sustainability of developing countries, including by continuing to monitor global financial flows and their impact in this regard;", "9. Stresses the need for coherent policies to facilitate debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, recalls in this regard the improved lending framework of the International Monetary Fund through, inter alia, the simplification of conditionality requirements and the creation of more flexible instruments, such as a precautionary and liquidity line, while noting that new and ongoing programmes should not be subject to unnecessary procyclical conditionalities, and urges the multilateral development banks to continue to pursue flexible, concessional, fast-disbursing and front-loaded assistance in order to rapidly provide substantial assistance to developing countries facing financing gaps in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, taking into account their respective absorptive capacities and debt sustainability;", "10. Notes the provision by the International Monetary Fund of interest relief to low-income countries in the form of no interest at all on loans made through concessional facilities by the end of 2011, and invites the Fund to consider extending its concessional lending arrangements to low-income countries for the period beyond 2011;", "11. Also notes that, as a last resort, countries may request that temporary debt standstill agreements between debtors and creditors be negotiated on a case-by-case basis and through existing frameworks in order to help mitigate the adverse effects of the crisis and stabilize macroeconomic developments;", "12. Also notes the progress made under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, while expressing concern that some countries have not yet reached decision or completion points, calls for the full and timely implementation of those initiatives and for continued support to the remaining eligible countries in completing the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative process, and encourages all parties, including creditors and debtors, to fulfil their commitments as soon as possible in order to complete the debt relief process;", "13. Welcomes and encourages the efforts of the heavily indebted poor countries, calls upon them to continue to strengthen their domestic policies for economic growth and poverty eradication through, inter alia, the creation of a domestic environment conducive to private sector development and stable macroeconomic frameworks and transparent and accountable public finance systems, and invites international financing institutions and the donor community to continue to provide adequate and sufficiently concessional financing;", "Encourages the international financial institutions to review the implementation and impact of debt relief initiatives in order to better understand why some countries continue to face debt problems after the completion of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, and calls for the consideration of strategies to address these problems;", "15. Stresses that heavily indebted poor countries eligible for debt relief will not benefit fully from this unless all creditors, public and private, make their own fair contribution and participate in the international debt workout mechanisms to ensure debt sustainability, and invites creditors, both public and private, that have not participated fully in debt relief initiatives to do so, including by providing as much as possible equal treatment to debtor countries that have concluded sustainable debt relief agreements with creditors;", "16. Stresses that debt relief can play an important role in liberating resources that should be directed towards activities consistent with poverty eradication, sustained economic growth and economic development, as well as the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and in this regard urges countries to direct those resources freed through debt relief, in particular debt cancellation and reduction, towards those goals, consistent with their national priorities and strategies;", "Encourages donor countries to take steps to ensure that resources for debt relief provided under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative do not detract from resources for official development assistance intended for developing countries;", "18. Notes with concern that a number of low- and middle-income developing countries that are not included in existing debt relief initiatives may have significant debt burdens and may be constrained in their efforts to mobilize the necessary resources to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, which suggests that debt relief initiatives for those countries may need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, and encourages consideration of medium- and long-term sustainability and new approaches to bilateral and private non-Paris Club debt;", "19. Encourages the Paris Club, in addressing the debt of low- and middle-income debtor countries that are not part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, to take into account, in addition to their financing gaps, their medium-term debt sustainability, and notes with appreciation that the Paris Club, while maintaining debt cancellation for heavily indebted poor countries, has also adopted the Evian approach to provide different conditions for debt relief to meet the specific needs of debtor countries;", "20. Stresses the need for the international community to remain vigilant in monitoring the debt situation of the least developed countries and to continue to take effective measures, preferably within the existing framework, to address the debt problems of those countries, including through the cancellation of the multilateral and bilateral debt owed by least developed countries to creditors, both public and private;", "21. Welcomes the efforts of and urges the international community to provide flexibility, and stresses the need to continue those efforts to help post-conflict developing countries, in particular those that are heavily indebted and poor, to achieve initial reconstruction for economic and social development;", "22. Also welcomes the efforts of, and invites, creditors to provide flexibility to developing countries affected by natural disasters to enable them to address their debt problems, taking into account their specific circumstances and needs;", "23. Calls for the consideration of additional measures and initiatives aimed at ensuring long-term debt sustainability through increased grant and other forms of concessional financing, the cancellation of 100 per cent of the eligible official multilateral and bilateral debt of heavily indebted poor countries and, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, substantial debt relief or restructuring for developing countries with unsustainable debt burdens that are not included in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative;", "24. Invites donor countries, taking into account country-specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries that contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to promote employment and productive investment and to invest in, inter alia, health and education while maintaining debt sustainability;", "25. Calls for intensified efforts to prevent and reduce the scale and costs of debt crises by strengthening international financial mechanisms for crisis prevention and resolution, encourages the private sector to cooperate to that end, and invites creditors and debtors to further explore, on a mutually agreed, transparent and case-by-case basis, the use of new and improved debt instruments and innovative mechanisms, such as debt swaps, including debt-for-equity swaps in Millennium Development Goals projects and debt indexation instruments, as appropriate;", "26. Also calls for the consideration of ways to improve sovereign debt restructuring and debt resolution mechanisms, based on existing frameworks and principles and with the broad participation of creditors and debtors, with equal treatment to be given to all creditors, as well as an important role for the Bretton Woods institutions and other relevant organizations within the United Nations system, and in this regard calls upon all States to promote and facilitate discussions within the United Nations and other forums on the need for and feasibility of a more normative framework for international cooperation in this field;", "27. Decides that, during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, the Second Committee will hold a special event, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including multilateral financial institutions, on lessons learned from debt crises and ongoing work on sovereign debt restructuring and debt resolution mechanisms;", "28. Notes that while the composition of the sovereign debt of some countries has evolved from official to commercial borrowing and from public to domestic external debt, the external debt of most low-income countries remains largely official, notes also that the level of domestic debt and the significant increase in the number of official and private creditors pose other challenges to macroeconomic management and public debt sustainability, and stresses the importance of addressing the impact of these changes, including through improved data collection and analysis;", "29. Recognizes the concern over the obituary fund litigation and the difficulties that some debtor countries may face in obtaining equal treatment from non-Paris Club creditors, as provided for in the standard clauses contained in Paris Club agreements, and encourages relevant institutions to continue to provide debtor countries with mechanisms and legal assistance to resolve litigation issues;", "30. Stresses the need to enhance information-sharing, transparency and the use of objective criteria in the formulation and evaluation of debt scenarios, including in the assessment of domestic public and private debt, in order to ensure the achievement of development goals, recognizes the important role of credit rating agencies in the provision of information, including the assessment of corporate and sovereign risks, in this regard invites the President of the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session to hold a thematic debate on the role of credit rating agencies in the international financial system, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to report on this issue in the context of the report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "31. Invites the international community to continue its efforts to provide greater support, including financial and technical assistance, to developing countries for institutional capacity-building to enhance sustainable debt management as an integral part of their national development strategies, including by improving transparent and accountable debt management systems, enhancing capacity for negotiation and renegotiation and providing legal advice for dealing with external debt litigation and debt data reconciliation between creditors and debtors, in order to achieve and maintain debt sustainability;", "32. Invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in cooperation with the regional commissions, regional development banks and other relevant multilateral financial institutions and stakeholders, to continue and strengthen cooperation in capacity-building activities in developing countries in the area of debt management and debt sustainability;", "33. Encourages all creditors and debtors to further improve activities for the voluntary exchange of loan information;", "34. Recognizes that timely and comprehensive data on debt levels and composition are a necessary condition for, inter alia, early warning systems aimed at limiting the impact of debt crises, calls upon debtor and creditor countries to intensify their data collection efforts, and calls upon donors to consider increasing their support for technical cooperation programmes aimed at improving the statistical capacity of developing countries in this regard;", "35. Calls upon all Member States and the United Nations system, and invites the Bretton Woods institutions and the private sector, to take appropriate measures and actions for the implementation of the commitments, agreements and decisions of the major United Nations conferences and summits, in particular those relating to the external debt sustainability of developing countries;", "36. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and to include in that report a comprehensive and substantive analysis of the external debt situation of developing countries;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “External debt sustainability and development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 55/2.", "[2] See resolution 60/1.", "[3] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[5] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[6] See resolution 65/1.", "[7] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chaps. I and II.", "[8] A/66/164." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/438/Add.4)通过]", "66/190. 商 品", "大会，", "回顾其有关商品的2004年12月22日第59/224号、2006年12月20日第61/190号、2008年12月19日第63/207号和2009年12月21日第64/192号决议，", "又回顾2000年9月8日各国国家元首和政府首脑通过的《联合国千年宣言》、[1] 2005年9月16日通过的《2005年世界首脑会议成果》、[2] 大会关于2005年世界首脑会议的发展方面成果，包括千年发展目标和其他国际商定发展目标后续行动的2006年6月30日第60/265号决议以及大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[3]", "还回顾《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[4]", "表示注意到重申保证消除饥饿和贫穷的2009年11月16日至18日在罗马举行的世界粮食安全首脑会议的宣言提出的各项具体目标，[5]", "回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响会议及其成果，[6]", "又回顾2002年3月18日至22日在墨西哥蒙特雷举行的发展筹资问题国际会议和2008年11月29日至12月2日在多哈举行的审查《蒙特雷共识》执行情况的发展筹资问题国际后续会议，", "表示注意到联合国贸易和发展会议第十二届会议通过的《阿克拉协议》，[7] 其中载有关于商品问题的意义深远的建议，以及贸易和发展理事会及其附属机构2010年和2011年通过的关于商品问题的进一步决定和商定结论，包括对贸发会议执行《阿克拉协议》情况的评价和审查，期待联合国贸易和发展会议第十三届会议于2012年4月21日至26日在多哈举行，", "又表示注意到2008年9月22日在纽约举行的非洲发展需求问题高级别会议的《政治宣言》，[8]", "还表示注意到2005年11月21日至23日在坦桑尼亚联合共和国阿鲁沙举行的非洲联盟商品问题贸易部长会议通过、[9] 并经2006年1月16日至21日在喀土穆举行的非洲联盟执行理事会第八届常会认可[10] 的《非洲商品问题阿鲁沙宣言》和《行动计划》，", "回顾《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[11]", "认识到许多发展中国家继续高度依赖初级商品，将之作为其出口收入、就业、创收和国内储蓄的主要来源，并作为投资、经济增长和社会发展，包括消除贫穷的推动力，", "表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金、国际货币基金组织、经济合作与发展组织、联合国贸易和发展会议、世界粮食计划署、世界银行、世界贸易组织、国际粮食政策研究所和全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队2011年6月2日提出的关于“粮食和农业市场价格波动：对策”的全面政策报告，[12]", "深切关注商品价格暴涨继而暴跌事件，以及许多依赖商品的发展中国家和转型经济体仍然特别容易受价格波动的影响，并认识到需要改善金融和商品市场的监管、运作和透明度，从而解决商品价格过度波动问题，", "认识到气候变化等因素对农业商品生产的影响，", "又认识到由于全球商品市场的不确定性，更有必要全面处理与商品有关的各种问题，包括除其他外依赖商品的经济体的商品需求、供应能力、商品收入和投资，同时适当考虑到每个国家具体情形和需要的多样性和促进其可持续发展，并加强贸易、粮食、金融、可持续农业投资、能源和工业化之间的关系，", "强调指出必须制定政策，处理商品经济的较长期结构性问题，并把商品政策纳入各级发展和消除贫穷总体战略，", "表示注意到旨在提高商品市场透明度和减轻价格过度波动影响的所有相关自愿举措，", "着重指出及时、准确和透明的信息对帮助处理价格过度波动问题很重要，在这方面，表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织主持的农产品市场信息系统，敦促参加的国际组织、私营部门行为体和各国政府确保向大众传播及时优质的粮食市场信息，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长转递联合国贸易和发展会议秘书处编写的世界商品趋势和前景报告的说明；[13]", "2. 特别指出需要进一步努力解决商品价格过度波动问题，特别是要帮助生产者尤其是小规模生产者管理风险；", "3. 促请国际社会支持依赖商品的发展中国家作出努力，克服造成有碍国际贸易和阻碍除其他外实现多样化的各种因素，包括：关税和非关税壁垒；利用金融服务的机会有限，导致投资商品部门的资源稀缺；基础设施薄弱，尤其是在运输和储存成本和供应能力方面；以及缺少生产和营销替代产品的技能；", "4. 呼吁在这方面圆满完成贸易谈判多哈发展回合，取得以发展为导向的成果，确保除其他外提高发展中国家产品进入市场的机会；", "5. 又呼吁在国家、区域和国际三级采取一整套协调一致的政策行动，以解决价格过度波动问题，支持依赖商品的发展中国家缓解不利影响，为此特别要促进增值活动，提高这些国家参与商品和相关产品价值链的程度，支持这些经济体大规模地实行多样化，并鼓励利用和进一步开发以市场为导向的风险管理工具、手段和战略；", "6. 确认多数依赖商品的发展中国家特别是非洲国家实现创新、提高生产率和促进非传统出口的潜力，并呼吁国际社会加强支持以及在南南经济合作框架内交流这些方面的经验；", "7. 促请国际社会与依赖商品的经济体密切合作，以确定与贸易有关的政策和手段以及投资和金融政策，将其作为这些经济体发展战略的关键内容；", "8. 特别指出必须增加基础设施投资，以此促进农业发展，加强商品多样化和贸易，并敦促国际社会援助依赖商品的发展中国家，并在农业生产率的研究和发展方面进行投资和提供支助；", "9. 表示关切跨国公司等机构在发展中国家大规模购置土地的问题，这给发展努力带来风险，强调指出必须促进负责任的国际农业投资，敦促世界粮食安全委员会最后确定“国家粮食安全架构内负责任治理土地、渔场和森林资源保有权的自愿准则”，邀请联合国贸易和发展会议同其他相关国际组织合作，继续研究和分析这一问题；", "10. 强调指出旨在提高生产国商品出口竞争力的技术援助和能力建设特别重要，在非洲尤其如此，并邀请捐助界提供必要资源，提供针对具体商品的财政和技术援助，特别是用于发展中国家的人员和体制能力建设和基础设施发展，以根据这些国家的国家发展计划，减少其体制瓶颈，降低其交易成本，并促进其商品贸易和发展；", "11. 又强调指出“贸易援助计划”应该致力于帮助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家建设这些国家需要的供应方能力和贸易相关基础设施，以帮助它们执行世界贸易组织各项协议并从中受益，并更广泛地帮助这些国家扩大贸易；", "12. 着重指出商品部门对农村发展，特别是对农村就业和收入以及实现粮食安全的努力作出重要贡献；", "13. 强调必须采取国际措施，制定国家战略，以改善农业部门的业绩，包括改善市场和贸易系统的运作，从而保证生产者，特别是小农户改善供方对策，以便激励他们在投资于扩大生产和实现生产多样化方面承担固有风险；", "14. 强调指出必须管理价格过度波动问题，包括除其他外在国际一级开发不扭曲贸易的适当工具，并提高国际市场的透明度；", "15. 回顾世界贸易组织部长级会议和主管机关商定定期审查乌拉圭回合成果对最不发达国家和粮食净进口发展中国家的影响，以推动采取积极措施，使这些国家能够实现其发展目标，并为此呼吁执行关于改革方案对最不发达和粮食净进口发展中国家的可能不利影响的措施的马拉喀什决定；[14]", "16. 鼓励尚未采取行动的发达国家和已宣布有能力采取行动的发展中国家，按照世界贸易组织2005年通过的《香港部长宣言》[15] 采取步骤，以实现长期给予所有最不发达国家及时、免关税和免配额市场准入的目标，", "17. 促请国际金融机构和开发银行帮助发展中国家，特别是依赖商品的发展中国家管理价格过度波动的影响；", "18. 重申每个国家都拥有并应自由行使对本国所有财富、自然资源和经济活动的完全、永久主权；", "19. 确认必须提高发达国家和发展中国家管理来自所有商品和商品相关产业，包括最后加工产品的公共和私营部门收入的效率、成效和透明度，以支持发展；", "20. 又确认商品共同基金和其他国际商品组织做出重要贡献，并鼓励它们与国际贸易中心、联合国贸易和发展会议、联合国工业发展组织及其他有关机构合作，继续加强彼此之间的协调并研究各种方法，以增强商品市场的稳定，加强发展中国家为改善市场准入和提高供应可靠性而开展的活动，促进多样化和增值，提高商品竞争力，加强市场链，改进市场结构，扩大出口基础并确保所有利益攸关方有效参与；", "21. 强调指出，联合国贸易和发展会议及其伙伴应本着机构间合作和多方利益攸关方伙伴关系精神，在各自的任务规定范围内，继续积极参与对各种商品问题的协作研究和分析，并参与相关的能力建设和建立共识活动，以便就依赖商品的发展中国家，特别是低收入国家的可持续发展问题定期进行分析和提供政策咨询；", "22. 特别指出，鉴于各类信贷紧缩，并注意到债务的可持续性，迫切需要向依赖商品的发展中国家提供贸易融资并使其可以获得此种融资；", "23. 强调指出，必须继续对题为“商品”的分项目进行实质性审议，并决定在其第六十八届会议临时议程题为“宏观经济政策问题”的项目下列入该分项目；", "24. 请秘书长与联合国贸易和发展会议秘书处协作，向大会第六十八届会议提出报告，说明对世界商品趋势和前景的最新评估情况、加强各国际商品组织和其他有关国际组织协调的途径以及商品价格过度波动的原因。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 见第60/1号决议。", "[3] 见第65/1号决议。", "[4] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[5] 见联合国粮食及农业组织WSFS 2009/2号文件。", "[6] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[7] TD/442和Corr.1,第二章。", "[8] 见第63/1号决议。", "[9] 非洲联盟，AU/Min/Com/Decl.Rev.1号文件。", "[10] 见A/60/693，附件二，EX.CL/Dec.253(VIII)号决定。", "[11] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[12] 由联合国粮食及农业组织和经济合作与发展组织协调编写的该联合报告已提交二十国集团。", "[13] A/66/207。", "[14] 见《体现多边贸易谈判乌拉圭回合各项结果的法律文书，1994年4月15日在马拉喀什签署》(关贸总协定秘书处出版物，出售品编号：GATT/1994-7)。", "[15] 世界贸易组织，WT/MIN(05)/DEC号文件。可查阅http://docsonline.wto.org。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.4)]", "66/190. Commodities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 59/224 of 22 December 2004, 61/190 of 20 December 2006, 63/207 of 19 December 2008 and 64/192 of 21 December 2009 on commodities,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted by Heads of State and Government on 8 September 2000,[1] the 2005 World Summit Outcome adopted on 16 September 2005[2] and its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals, and the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[3]", "Recalling further the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[4]", "Taking note of the targets set out in the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, held in Rome from 16 to 18 November 2009, which reaffirms the pledge to end hunger and poverty,[5]", "Recalling the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome,[6]", "Recalling also the International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Monterrey, Mexico, from 18 to 22 March 2002, and the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,", "Taking note of the Accra Accord, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its twelfth session,[7] containing far-reaching recommendations on commodity issues, and of further decisions and agreed conclusions on commodities adopted by the Trade and Development Board and its subsidiary bodies in 2010 and 2011, including the evaluation and review of the implementation by the Conference of the Accra Accord, and looking forward to the thirteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to be held in Doha from 21 to 26 April 2012,", "Taking note also of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on Africa’s Development Needs, held in New York on 22 September 2008,[8]", "Taking note further of the Arusha Declaration and Plan of Action on African Commodities adopted at the African Union Conference of Ministers of Trade on Commodities, held in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 21 to 23 November 2005,[9] and endorsed by the Executive Council of the African Union at its eighth ordinary session, held in Khartoum from 16 to 21 January 2006,[10]", "Recalling the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[11]", "Recognizing that many developing countries continue to be highly dependent on primary commodities as their principal source of export revenues, employment, income generation and domestic savings, and as the driving force of investment, economic growth and social development, including poverty eradication,", "Taking note of the comprehensive policy report entitled “Price Volatility in Food and Agricultural Markets: Policy Responses”,[12] issued on 2 June 2011 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Food Programme, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the International Food Policy Research Institute and the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis,", "Deeply concerned by episodes of commodity price booms and subsequent busts and by the fact that many commodity-dependent developing countries and economies in transition continue to be highly vulnerable to price fluctuations, and recognizing the need to improve the regulation, functioning and transparency of financial and commodity markets, which can address excessive commodity price volatility,", "Recognizing the impact of factors such as climate change on the production of agricultural commodities,", "Recognizing also that uncertainty in global commodity markets reinforces the need to comprehensively deal with the commodity problematique, inter alia, the demand for commodities, supply capacities, commodity revenues and investments in commodity-dependent economies, while taking due account of the diversity of each country’s individual situation and needs and the promotion of their sustainable development, and to strengthen the nexus between trade, food, finance, investment in sustainable agriculture, energy and industrialization,", "Stressing the importance of policies to address longer-term structural issues of the commodity economy and integrate commodity policies into wider development and poverty eradication strategies at all levels,", "Taking note of all relevant voluntary initiatives aimed at improving transparency in commodity markets and mitigating the impact of excessive price volatility,", "Underlining the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive food price volatility, and in this regard, taking note of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and urging the participating international organizations, private sector actors and Governments to ensure the public dissemination of timely and quality food market information,", "1. Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report on world commodity trends and prospects prepared by the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development;[13]", "2. Underlines the need for further efforts to address excessive commodity price volatility, in particular by assisting producers, especially small-scale producers, in managing risk;", "3. Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of commodity-dependent developing countries to address the factors that create structural barriers to international trade and impede, inter alia, diversification, including tariff and non-tariff barriers, limited access to financial services resulting in scarce resources for investing in the commodity sector, weak infrastructure, particularly as regards both the cost and availability of transportation and storage, and lack of skills in producing and marketing alternative products;", "4. Calls for, in that regard, the successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round of trade negotiations with a development-oriented outcome that ensures, inter alia, greater market access for products from developing countries;", "5. Also calls for a coherent set of policy actions at the national, regional and international levels to address excessive price volatility and support commodity-dependent developing countries in mitigating negative impacts, in particular by facilitating value addition and enhancing their participation in commodity and related product value chains, by supporting large-scale diversification of these economies and by encouraging the use and further development of market-oriented risk management tools, instruments and strategies;", "6. Recognizes the potential for innovation, productivity improvements and promotion of non-traditional exports in most commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly in Africa, and calls for enhanced support by the international community as well as exchanges of experience in these areas within the framework of South-South economic cooperation;", "7. Calls upon the international community to work closely with commodity-dependent economies to identify trade-related policies and instruments as well as investment and financial policies as key elements of the development strategies of those economies;", "8. Underlines the importance of increased investments in infrastructure as a means of promoting agricultural development and enhancing commodity diversification and trade, and urges the international community to assist commodity-dependent developing countries and to invest in and support research and development of agricultural productivity;", "9. Expresses concern over the large-scale land acquisitions in developing countries by, among others, transnational corporations, that incur risk to development efforts, stresses the importance of promoting responsible international investment in agriculture, urges the Committee on World Food Security to finalize the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security, and invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in cooperation with other relevant international organizations, to continue its research and analysis on this issue;", "10. Stresses that technical assistance and capacity-building aimed at improving the commodity export competitiveness of producers is particularly important, especially in Africa, and invites the donor community to provide necessary resources for commodity-specific, financial and technical assistance, in particular for human and institutional capacity-building, as well as infrastructure development of developing countries, with a view to reducing their institutional bottlenecks and transaction costs and enhancing their commodity trade and development in accordance with national development plans;", "11. Also stresses that the Aid for Trade initiative should aim to help developing countries, particularly least developed countries, to build the supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure that they need to assist them to implement and benefit from World Trade Organization agreements and, more broadly, to expand their trade;", "12. Underlines the important contribution of the commodities sector to rural development, in particular to providing rural employment and income, and to the efforts for achieving food security;", "13. Emphasizes the importance of international measures and national strategies to improve the performance of the agricultural sector, including the functioning of markets and trading systems, to ensure a better supply-side response from producers, in particular small farmers, in order to incentivize them to take the risks inherent in investing in increased and diversified production;", "14. Stresses the importance of managing excessive price volatility, including, inter alia, through the development of appropriate non-trade-distorting tools at the international level and the improvement of transparency in the international market;", "15. Recalls the agreement to keep under regular review, by the Ministerial Conference and appropriate organs of the World Trade Organization, the impact of the results of the Uruguay Round on the least developed countries as well as on the net food-importing developing countries, with a view to fostering positive measures to enable them to achieve their development objectives, and in this regard calls for the implementation of the Marrakesh Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries;[14]", "16. Encourages developed countries that have not already done so and developing countries declaring themselves in a position to do so to take steps towards the goal of realizing timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration adopted by the World Trade Organization in 2005;[15]", "17. Calls upon international financial institutions and development banks to assist developing countries, in particular commodity-dependent developing countries, in managing the effects of excessive price volatility;", "18. Reaffirms that every State has and shall freely exercise full permanent sovereignty over all its wealth, natural resources and economic activities;", "19. Recognizes the importance of increasing efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the management of public and private sector revenues in developed and developing countries derived from all commodities and commodities-related industries, including final processed goods, in support of development;", "20. Also recognizes the important contributions of the Common Fund for Commodities and other international commodities organizations, and encourages them, in cooperation with the International Trade Centre, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and other relevant bodies, to continue to strengthen coordination among themselves and study ways to establish greater stability in the commodities market as well as to enhance activities in developing countries to improve access to markets and reliability of supply, enhancing diversification and addition of value, improving the competitiveness of commodities, strengthening the market chain, improving market structures, broadening the export base and ensuring the effective participation of all stakeholders;", "21. Stresses that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and its partners, in the spirit of inter-agency cooperation and multi-stakeholder partnerships and within their respective mandates, should continue to engage actively in collaborative research and analysis of the commodity problematique and related capacity and consensus-building activities with a view to providing regular analysis and policy advice relevant to the sustainable development of commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly low-income countries;", "22. Underlines the urgent need for the provision of, and access to, trade finance to commodity-dependent developing countries, given the tightened access to all types of credit and noting debt sustainability;", "23. Stresses the importance of the continuing substantive consideration of the sub-item entitled “Commodities”, and decides to include the sub-item in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”;", "24. Requests the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report presenting an updated assessment of commodity trends and prospects, ways to strengthen coordination among international commodities organizations and other relevant international organizations and the causes of excessive commodity price volatility.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  See resolution 60/1.", "[3]  See resolution 65/1.", "[4]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[5]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[6]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[7]  TD/442 and Corr.1, chap. II.", "[8]  See resolution 63/1.", "[9]  African Union, document AU/Min/Com/Dec1.Rev.1.", "[10]  See A/60/693, annex II, decision EX.CL/Dec.253 (VIII).", "[11]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[12]  Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as a joint report to the Group of Twenty (G‑20).", "[13]  A/66/207.", "[14]  See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[15]  World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC. Available from http://docsonline.wto.org." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/438/Add.4)]", "66/190. Commodities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 59/224 of 22 December 2004, 61/190 of 20 December 2006, 63/207 of 19 December 2008 and 64/192 of 21 December 2009 on commodities,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted by heads of State and Government on 8 September 2000, the 2005 World Summit Outcome adopted on 16 September 2005, its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals, and the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,", "Recalling further the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020,[4]", "Taking note of the targets set out in the declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, held in Rome from 16 to 18 November 2009, which reaffirmed the commitment to eradicate hunger and poverty,[5]", "Recalling the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome, [6]", "Recalling also the International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Monterrey, Mexico, from 18 to 22 March 2002, and the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,", "Taking note of the Accra Accord adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its twelfth session, which contains far-reaching recommendations on commodities issues, as well as the further decisions and agreed conclusions on commodities adopted by the Trade and Development Board and its subsidiary bodies in 2010 and 2011, including the evaluation and review of UNCTAD ' s implementation of the Accra Accord, and looking forward to the thirteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to be held in Doha from 21 to 26 April 2012,", "Taking note also of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on Africa ' s Development Needs, held in New York on 22 September 2008,[8]", "Taking note further of the Arusha Declaration and Plan of Action on African Commodities adopted by the African Union Conference of Ministers of Trade on Commodities, held in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 21 to 23 November 2005, and endorsed by the Executive Council of the African Union at its eighth ordinary session, held in Khartoum from 16 to 21 January 2006,", "Recalling the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”), [11]", "Recognizing that many developing countries continue to be highly dependent on primary commodities as their main source of export income, employment, income generation and domestic savings and as an engine of investment, economic growth and social development, including poverty eradication,", "Taking note of the comprehensive policy report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Food Programme, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the International Food Policy Research Institute and the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis, of 2 June 2011, on price volatility in food and agriculture markets: a response, [12]", "Expressing deep concern about the boom and subsequent collapse of commodity prices and the fact that many commodity-dependent developing countries and economies in transition remain particularly vulnerable to price volatility, and recognizing the need to address excessive commodity price volatility by improving the regulation, functioning and transparency of financial and commodity markets,", "Recognizing the impact of climate change, among other factors, on the production of agricultural commodities,", "Recognizing also that uncertainty in global commodity markets reinforces the need to address commodity-related issues in a comprehensive manner, including, inter alia, commodity demand, supply capacity, commodity income and investment in commodity-dependent economies, taking due account of the diversity of the specific circumstances and needs of each country and promoting its sustainable development, and strengthening the relationship between trade, food, finance, sustainable agricultural investment, energy and industrialization,", "Stressing the importance of policies that address longer-term structural problems of the commodity economy and integrate commodity policies into overall development and poverty eradication strategies at all levels,", "Taking note of all relevant voluntary initiatives aimed at improving transparency in commodity markets and mitigating the impact of excessive price volatility,", "Underlining the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive price volatility, and in this regard taking note of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and urging participating international organizations, private sector actors and Governments to ensure that timely and quality food market information is disseminated to the general public,", "1. Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report prepared by the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development on world commodity trends and prospects; [13]", "2. Underscores the need for further efforts to address excessive commodity price volatility, in particular by helping producers, especially small-scale producers, to manage risks;", "3. Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of commodity-dependent developing countries to overcome factors that hinder international trade and, inter alia, diversification, including tariff and non-tariff barriers, limited access to financial services, resulting in scarce resources for investment in the commodity sector, weak infrastructure, in particular with regard to transport and storage costs and supply capacity, and lack of skills to produce and market alternative products;", "4. Calls, in this regard, for the successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round of trade negotiations with a development-oriented outcome that ensures, inter alia, enhanced market access for the products of developing countries;", "5. Also calls for a coherent set of policy actions at the national, regional and international levels to address excessive price volatility and to support commodity-dependent developing countries in mitigating adverse impacts, inter alia, by promoting value-added activities, increasing their participation in commodity and related product value chains, supporting the large-scale diversification of these economies, and encouraging the use and further development of market-oriented risk management tools, tools and strategies;", "6. Recognizes the potential of most commodity-dependent developing countries, in particular African countries, to realize innovation, increase productivity and promote non-traditional exports, and calls upon the international community to increase support and exchange experiences in these areas within the framework of South-South economic cooperation;", "7. Urges the international community to work closely with commodity-dependent economies to identify trade-related policies and instruments, as well as investment and financial policies, as key elements of their development strategies;", "8. Underscores the importance of increased investment in infrastructure as a means of promoting agricultural development and enhancing commodity diversification and trade, and urges the international community to assist commodity-dependent developing countries and to invest in and support research and development of agricultural productivity;", "Expresses concern at the large-scale acquisition of land in developing countries by institutions such as transnational corporations, which poses a risk to development efforts, stresses the importance of promoting responsible international investment in agriculture, urges the Committee on World Food Security to finalize the Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forest Resources within National Food Security Architectures, and invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in cooperation with other relevant international organizations, to continue its research and analysis on this issue;", "10. Stresses the particular importance of technical assistance and capacity-building aimed at improving the competitiveness of the commodity exports of producing countries, especially in Africa, and invites the donor community to provide the necessary resources for commodity-specific financial and technical assistance, in particular for human and institutional capacity-building and infrastructure development in developing countries, in order to reduce their institutional bottlenecks, reduce their transaction costs and promote their commodity trade and development in accordance with their national development plans;", "Also stresses that the Aid for Trade initiative should aim at helping developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, to build the supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure they need to help them to implement and benefit from World Trade Organization agreements and, more broadly, to expand their trade;", "12. Stresses the important contribution of the commodity sector to rural development, in particular to rural employment and income and to efforts to achieve food security;", "13. Stresses the importance of international measures to develop national strategies to improve the performance of the agricultural sector, including the functioning of markets and trade systems, so as to ensure that producers, especially smallholders, improve supply-side responses so as to stimulate them to take the risks inherent in investing in the expansion and diversification of production;", "14. Stresses the importance of managing excessive price volatility, including, inter alia, through the development of appropriate non-trade-distorting instruments at the international level and increased transparency in international markets;", "15. Recalls the agreement by the Ministerial Conference and competent bodies of the World Trade Organization to review periodically the impact of the Uruguay Round outcomes on least developed countries and net food-importing developing countries in order to promote positive measures to enable them to achieve their development objectives, and in this regard calls for the implementation of the Marrakesh Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-importing Developing Countries; [14]", "16. Encourages developed countries and developing countries that have declared themselves in a position to do so to take steps, in accordance with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration adopted by the World Trade Organization in 2005, to achieve the long-term goal of duty-free and quota-free market access on a timely basis for all least developed countries;", "17. Urges the international financial institutions and development banks to assist developing countries, in particular commodity-dependent developing countries, in managing the effects of excessive price volatility;", "18. Reaffirms that every State has and shall freely exercise full permanent sovereignty over all its wealth, natural resources and economic activities;", "19. Recognizes the importance of improving the efficiency, effectiveness and transparency of public and private sector revenues from all commodity and commodity-related industries, including final processed products, in developed and developing countries in support of development;", "20. Also recognizes the important contributions of the Common Fund for Commodities and other international commodity organizations, and encourages them, in cooperation with the International Trade Centre, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and other relevant bodies, to continue to strengthen coordination among themselves and to study ways to enhance the stability of commodity markets, to strengthen activities undertaken by developing countries to improve market access and reliability of supply, to promote diversification and value addition, to enhance commodity competitiveness, to strengthen market chains, to improve market structures, to broaden the export base and to ensure the effective participation of all stakeholders;", "21. Stresses that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and its partners, in the spirit of inter-agency cooperation and multi-stakeholder partnerships, within their respective mandates, should continue to be actively involved in collaborative research and analysis on commodity issues and in related capacity-building and consensus-building activities, with a view to providing regular analysis and policy advice on the sustainable development of commodity-dependent developing countries, in particular low-income countries;", "22. Underlines, in particular, the urgent need to make trade finance available and accessible to commodity-dependent developing countries in the light of the various credit constraints, and notes debt sustainability;", "Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the sub-item entitled “Commodities”, and decides to include the sub-item in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”;", "24. Requests the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the latest assessment of world commodity trends and prospects, ways to enhance coordination among international commodity organizations and other relevant international organizations and the reasons for excessive commodity price volatility.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 55/2.", "[2] See resolution 60/1.", "[3] See resolution 65/1.", "[4] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[5] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations document WFP/2009/2.", "[6] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[7] TD/442 and Corr.1, chap. II.", "[8] See resolution 63/1.", "[9] African Union, document AU/Min/Com/Decl.Rev.1.", "[10] See A/60/693, annex II, decision EX.CL/Dec.253 (VIII).", "[11] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[12] The joint report, coordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, was submitted to the Group of 20.", "[13] A/66/207.", "[14] See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[15] World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC. Available at http://docsonline.wto.org." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/439)通过]", "66/191. 发展筹资问题国际会议的后续行动", "大会，", "回顾2002年3月18日至22日在墨西哥蒙特雷举行的发展筹资问题国际会议和2008年11月29日至12月2日在多哈举行的审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议，并回顾大会2002年7月9日第56/210B号、2002年12月20日第57/250、57/272和57/273号、2003年6月23日第57/270 B号、2003年12月23日第58/230号、2004年12月22日第59/225号、2005年12月22日第60/188号、2006年12月20日第61/191号、2007年12月19日第62/187号、2008年12月24日第63/239号、2009年12月21日第64/193号、2010年12月20日第65/145和65/146号决议，以及经济及社会理事会2002年7月26日第2002/34号、2003年7月24日第2003/47号、2004年9月16日第2004/64号、2006年7月28日第2006/45号、2007年7月27日第2007/30号、2008年7月24日第2008/14号、2009年7月31日第2009/30号、2010年7月23日第2010/26号和2011年7月28日第2011/38号决议，", "又回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[1]", "还回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响会议及其成果文件，[2]", "回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[3]", "表示注意到经济及社会理事会主席关于理事会与布雷顿森林机构、世界贸易组织及联合国贸易和发展会议2011年3月10日和11日在纽约举行的高级别特别会议的总结报告，[4]", "又表示注意到秘书长关于《蒙特雷共识》和《发展筹资问题多哈宣言》后续行动和执行情况的报告，[5]", "还表示注意到秘书长关于创新型发展筹资机制的报告，[6]", "回顾对世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响会议成果文件所列问题采取后续行动的大会不限成员名额特设工作组的进展情况报告，[7]", "深切关注当前世界金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，认识到全球经济正在进入一个富有挑战性的新阶段，面临严重下行风险，其中包括全球金融和商品市场动荡不已以及财政状况普遍紧张，危及全球经济复苏，着重指出需要继续处理体制弱点和失衡问题，并需要继续努力改革和加强国际金融体制，", "1. 重申《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》[8] 的全部内容、其完整性和整体办法，回顾决心本着全球伙伴关系和团结精神，采取具体行动执行《蒙特雷共识》和应对发展筹资挑战，以帮助实现国际商定的发展目标，包括千年发展目标；", "2. 又重申每个国家对本国发展负有首要责任，国家政策和发展战略对于实现可持续发展的作用怎么强调都不为过，确认各国的努力应当得到旨在扩大发展中国家发展机会的扶持性全球方案、措施和政策的补充，同时考虑到各国的国情以及确保尊重国家自主权、战略和主权；", "3. 重申决心促进和加强《联合国千年宣言》、[9]《蒙特雷共识》、⁸《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)、[10]《2005年世界首脑会议成果》、¹《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议成果文件》[11] 和大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议题为“履行诺言：团结一致实现千年发展目标”的成果文件³ 所重申的全球发展伙伴关系，以此作为未来几年开展合作的核心内容；", "4. 回顾《蒙特雷共识》阐明的对建立公正、民主社会促进发展的总体承诺；", "5. 重申必须履行对实行稳健政策、各级善政和法治的承诺；", "6. 确认调集发展资金和有效利用所有这些资源对于全球发展伙伴关系，包括支持实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标至关重要，还确认调集国内和国际资源以及有利的国内和国际环境是推动发展的主要动力；", "7. 又回顾会员国决心改善和加强国内资源调集和财政空间，包括酌情采用现代化税收制度，提高征税效率，扩大税收基础和有效打击逃税行为和资本外逃，重申尽管每个国家对本国税收制度负有责任，但必须通过加强处理国际税务问题的技术援助以及改善这方面的国际合作和参与，支持各国在这些领域作出的努力；", "8. 深切关注当前全球金融和经济危机对发展包括对发展中国家筹措发展资金的能力造成的不利影响，认识到需要促进复苏，并承认为了有效应对危机的影响，需要及时落实各项发展承诺，包括现有的援助承诺；", "9. 回顾各级持续打击腐败是一个优先事项，重申需要采取紧急和果断的步骤，继续与一切形式的腐败作斗争，以减少阻碍有效调集和分配资源的障碍，防止从对发展至关重要的活动中挪用资源，回顾为此需要在各级建立强有力的体制，特别是有效的法律和司法制度，并提高透明度，肯定发展中国家这方面的努力和成就，注意到已批准或加入《联合国反腐败公约》[12] 的国家作出了更多承诺，在这方面敦促所有尚未采取行动的国家考虑批准或加入该《公约》；", "10. 重申必须在各级采取措施限制非法资金流动，改善披露做法并提高金融信息的透明度，在这方面指出，通过为帮助发展中国家提高能力而向其提供支持和技术援助等办法，加强一国和多国为解决这一问题所作出的努力至关重要；", "11. 强调需要更有效的政府参与，以确保为增进公共利益对市场进行适当监管，还确认需要更好地监管金融市场；", "12. 确认有活力、包容、运作良好和对社会负责的私营部门是实现经济增长和减少贫穷的重要手段，强调需要在国家一级以符合本国法律的方式，实行适当的政策和管理框架，用以鼓励公共和私人举措，包括地方一级的举措，并扶持一个有活力和运作良好的企业部门，同时改善收入增长和分配，提高生产率，增强妇女权能和改善增强妇女权能工作以及保护劳工权利和环境，重申必须确保增强个人和社区权能，使全体人民均享增长惠益；", "13. 重申调集国内和国际资源促进发展是履行1995年3月6日至12日在哥本哈根举行的社会发展问题世界首脑会议所作承诺的重要组成部分，在这方面请秘书长与社会发展委员会第五十届会议主席合作，于2012年举办一次关于社会发展筹资问题的特别活动；", "14. 注意到外国直接投资是发展筹资的一个主要来源，在这方面促请发达国家继续拟订来源国措施，除其他外，通过提供出口信贷和其他借贷工具、风险担保和企业发展服务，鼓励和便利外国直接投资；促请发展中国家通过除其他外建立透明、稳定和可预测的投资环境，适当执行合同和尊重财产权，继续努力创造有利于吸引投资的国内环境；强调指出必须进一步努力调集对人力资源以及对实体、环境、体制和社会基础设施的所有来源的投资；", "15. 重申国际贸易是发展和持续经济增长的引擎，又重申一个普遍、有章可循、开放、非歧视和公平的多边贸易体系以及名副其实的贸易自由化，可在刺激全球经济增长和发展方面发挥关键作用，使处于各个发展阶段的国家都能受益；", "16. 强调需要抵制保护主义倾向，并纠正任何已采取的与世界贸易组织规则不符的扭曲贸易措施，同时确认各国特别是发展中国家有权充分利用符合其世界贸易组织承诺和义务的灵活性，并确认多哈回合的圆满成功及其均衡、大胆、全面和面向发展的成果将为国际贸易提供亟需的动力，有助于经济增长与发展；", "17. 着重指出履行所有官方发展援助承诺至关重要，其中包括许多发达国家作出的到2015年实现对发展中国家的官方发展援助占其国民生产总值0.7%的具体目标，以及对最不发达国家的官方发展援助占国民生产总值0.15%至0.20%的具体目标，敦促尚未履行对发展中国家官方发展援助承诺的发达国家履行承诺；", "18. 强调指出官方发展援助在补充、通过杠杆作用筹集和保持发展中国家的发展筹资以及帮助实现各项发展目标，包括国际商定的发展目标，尤其是千年发展目标方面发挥着必不可少的作用，重申官方发展援助通过除其他外加强社会、体制和有形基础设施，促进外国直接投资、贸易和技术革新，改善卫生和教育，促进两性平等，保护环境和消除贫穷，可在协助发展中国家消除制约持续、包容和公平增长的因素方面发挥促进作用，欢迎在国家自主权、调整、协调、注重成果的管理和相互问责的基本原则基础上采取步骤，提高援助效力和援助质量；", "19. 又强调指出需要加强和支持南南合作，同时还强调指出南南合作补充而非替代南北合作，呼吁有效落实2009年12月1日至3日在内罗毕举行的联合国南南合作高级别会议的内罗毕成果文件；[13]", "20. 确认人类发展仍然是一个重要的优先事项，人力资源是各国拥有的最珍贵、最有价值的资产，实现充分的生产性就业和人人有体面工作至关重要，重申必须依照国家战略和优先目标，通过包容性社会政策进行人力资本投资，特别是卫生和教育投资；", "21. 认为创新型筹资机制可以作出积极贡献，协助发展中国家在自愿基础上调集更多的资源筹措发展资金，这种筹资办法应该补充而非取代传统资金来源，而且重点指出迄今已在确立创新型发展筹资来源方面取得很大进展，同时强调必须酌情扩大现行举措并建立新的机制；", "22. 表示注意到目前进行的关于创新型发展筹资机制的讨论，请经济及社会理事会主席在理事会2012年实质性会议期间就创新型发展筹资机制问题举行一次有相关利益攸关方参加的特别活动；", "23. 强调为促进发展中国家的经济增长和发展，及时、有效、全面、持久解决它们的债务问题特别重要；", "24. 又强调债务可持续性对奠定增长的基础必不可少，在这方面着重指出债务可持续性和债务的有效管理对旨在实现国家发展目标包括千年发展目标的努力很重要，并承认主权债务危机往往代价高昂并具有破坏性，包括对就业和生产性投资具有破坏性，而且往往随之而来的是削减公共支出，包括保健服务和教育支出，对穷人和弱势群体的影响尤重；", "25. 强调指出金融和经济危机凸显改革的必要性，并给目前关于改革国际金融体制和架构的国际讨论，包括酌情对权限、活动范围、治理、灵敏度和发展方向等有关问题的讨论，增添了新的动力，为此鼓励继续进行开放、包容各方和透明的对话；", "26. 注意到国家、区域和国际各级为应对金融和经济危机带来的挑战作出重要努力，以确保全面恢复提供高质量就业机会的增长，改革和加强金融体制，并创造强劲、可持续和均衡的全球增长；", "27. 确认需要继续加强国际货币、金融和贸易体系的一致性和连贯性，必须确保其开放性、公平性和包容性，以补充国家发展努力，确保实现持续、包容和公平的经济增长及实现国际商定的发展目标，包括千年发展目标；", "28. 重申必须扩大和加强发展中国家对国际经济决策和规范制定的参与，在这方面表示注意到最近作出的关于改革布雷顿森林机构管理结构、配额和投票权的重要决定，这些决定更好地反映了当前的现实情况，增强了发展中国家的发言权和参与，重申必须改革这些机构的管理办法，使其成为更加有效、可信、负责、合法的机构；", "29. 又重申联合国各基金、方案和区域委员会以及联合国系统专门机构根据各自的任务规定，在按照国家战略和优先目标促进发展和保护发展成果方面，包括在逐步实现千年发展目标方面发挥着重要作用，还重申决心继续采取步骤，建设一个强大、妥善协调、连贯一致、有实效和有效率的联合国系统，支持千年发展目标；", "30. 还重申需要通过向会员国提供技术咨询和分析等途径，进一步加强区域委员会对发展筹资后续进程的参与；", "31. 重申必须确保建立一个强化和更有效的政府间包容性进程，以采取发展筹资后续行动；", "32. 承认为加强发展筹资后续进程所作的努力，重申应按照大会第65/145号决议第30段所述规定酌情对该进程的各种办法进行审查；", "33. 决定根据《发展筹资问题多哈宣言》¹¹ 第90段，审议是否需要至迟于2013年举行发展筹资问题后续会议，为此决定举行非正式磋商，以便就是否需要至迟于2013年举行该会议做出最后决定；", "34. 肯定秘书处发展筹资办公室的工作，鼓励该办公室与公共和私营部门、学术界和民间社会的专家合作，继续按照其任务规定开展工作；", "35. 再次吁请会员国和其他潜在捐助方考虑向发展筹资问题后续国际会议信托基金慷慨捐款，这将有利于实施强化和更有效的政府间包容性进程，以开展发展筹资后续行动；", "36. 决定将题为“2002年发展筹资问题国际会议以及2008年审查会议成果的后续行动和执行情况”的项目列入其第六十七届会议临时议程，并请秘书长在该项目下提交一份关于《蒙特雷共识》和《发展筹资问题多哈宣言》以及本决议执行情况的年度分析评估报告，该报告应与主要机构利益攸关方充分合作编写。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第60/1号决议", "[2] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[3] 见第65/1号决议。", "[4] A/66/75-E/2011/87。", "[5] A/66/329。", "[6] A/66/334。", "[7] A/64/884。", "[8] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[9] 见第55/2号决议。", "[10] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[11] 见第63/239号决议，附件。", "[12] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2349卷，第42146号。", "[13] 第64/222号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/439)]", "66/191. Follow-up to the International Conference on Financing for Development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Monterrey, Mexico, from 18 to 22 March 2002, and the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008, and its resolutions 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, 57/250, 57/272 and 57/273 of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 58/230 of 23 December 2003, 59/225 of 22 December 2004, 60/188 of 22 December 2005, 61/191 of 20 December 2006, 62/187 of 19 December 2007, 63/239 of 24 December 2008, 64/193 of 21 December 2009 and 65/145 and 65/146 of 20 December 2010, as well as Economic and Social Council resolutions 2002/34 of 26 July 2002, 2003/47 of 24 July 2003, 2004/64 of 16 September 2004, 2006/45 of 28 July 2006, 2007/30 of 27 July 2007, 2008/14 of 24 July 2008, 2009/30 of 31 July 2009, 2010/26 of 23 July 2010 and 2011/38 of 28 July 2011,", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[1]", "Recalling further the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document,[2]", "Recalling the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[3]", "Taking note of the summary by the President of the Economic and Social Council of the special high-level meeting of the Council with the Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held in New York on 10 and 11 March 2011,[4]", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary-General on the follow-up to and implementation of the Monterrey Consensus and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development,[5]", "Taking note further of the report of the Secretary-General on innovative mechanisms of financing for development,[6]", "Recalling the progress report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly to follow up on the issues contained in the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,[7]", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the world financial and economic crisis, cognizant that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with significant downside risks, including the turbulence in global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continuing efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "1. Reaffirms the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development[8] in its entirety, its integrity and its holistic approach, and recalls the resolve to take concrete action to implement the Monterrey Consensus and to address the challenges of financing for development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "2. Also reaffirms that each country has primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized for the achievement of sustainable development, and recognizes that national efforts should be complemented by supportive global programmes, measures and policies aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries, while taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty;", "3. Reaffirms its determination to advance and strengthen the global partnership for development as the centrepiece of cooperation in the years ahead, as reaffirmed in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[9] the Monterrey Consensus,⁸ the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[10] the 2005 World Summit Outcome,¹ the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[11] and the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”;³", "4. Recalls the importance of the overall commitment to just and democratic societies for development, as spelled out in the Monterrey Consensus;", "5. Reaffirms the importance of the implementation of the commitment to sound policies, good governance at all levels and the rule of law;", "6. Recognizes that the mobilization of financial resources for development and the effective use of all of those resources are central to the global partnership for development, including in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and also recognizes that the mobilization of domestic and international resources and an enabling domestic and international environment are key drivers for development;", "7. Recalls the resolve of Member States to enhance and strengthen domestic resource mobilization and fiscal space, including, where appropriate, through modernized tax systems, more efficient tax collection, the broadening of the tax base and the effective combating of tax evasion and capital flight, and reiterates that, while each country is responsible for its tax system, it is important to support national efforts in these areas by strengthening technical assistance and enhancing international cooperation and participation in addressing international tax matters;", "8. Expresses deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts of the global financial and economic crisis on development, including on the capacity of developing countries to mobilize resources for development, recognizes that there is a need to promote the recovery, and acknowledges that an effective response to the impacts of the crisis requires timely implementation of all development commitments, including existing aid commitments;", "9. Recalls that the ongoing fight against corruption at all levels is a priority, reaffirms the need to take urgent and decisive steps to continue to combat corruption in all its manifestations in order to reduce obstacles to effective resource mobilization and allocation and to prevent the diversion of resources away from activities that are vital for development, recalls that this requires strong institutions at all levels, including, in particular, effective legal and judicial systems, and enhanced transparency, recognizes the efforts and achievements of developing countries in this regard, notes the increased commitment of States that have already ratified or acceded to the United Nations Convention against Corruption,[12] and in this regard urges all States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Convention;", "10. Reaffirms the importance of implementing measures to curtail illicit financial flows at all levels, enhancing disclosure practices and promoting transparency in financial information, and in this regard notes that strengthening national and multinational efforts to address this issue is crucial, including through support and technical assistance to developing countries to enhance their capacities;", "11. Emphasizes the need for more effective government involvement so as to ensure an appropriate regulation of the market that promotes the public interest, and also recognizes the need to better regulate financial markets;", "12. Recognizes that a dynamic, inclusive, well-functioning and socially responsible private sector is a valuable instrument for generating economic growth and reducing poverty, emphasizes the need to pursue, at the national level and in a manner consistent with national laws, appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks through which to encourage public and private initiatives, including at the local level, and to foster a dynamic and well-functioning business sector, while improving income growth and distribution, raising productivity, empowering while improving empowerment of women, and protecting labour rights and the environment, and reiterates the importance of ensuring that the benefits of growth reach all people by empowering individuals and communities;", "13. Reiterates that the mobilization of domestic and international resources for social development is an essential component for the implementation of the commitments made at the World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the Chair of the Commission for Social Development at its fiftieth session, to organize a special event in 2012 on the financing of social development;", "14. Notes that foreign direct investment is a major source of financing for development, and in this regard calls upon developed countries to continue to devise source-country measures to encourage and facilitate the flow of foreign direct investment, inter alia, through the provision of export credits and other lending instruments, risk guarantees and business development services; calls upon developing countries to continue their efforts to create a domestic environment conducive to attracting investments by, inter alia, achieving a transparent, stable and predictable investment climate with proper contract enforcement and respect for property rights; and stresses the importance of enhancing efforts to mobilize investment from all sources in human resources and physical, environmental, institutional and social infrastructure;", "15. Reaffirms that international trade is an engine for development and sustained economic growth, and also reaffirms the critical role that a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system, as well as meaningful trade liberalization, can play in stimulating economic growth and development worldwide, thereby benefiting all countries at all stages of development;", "16. Emphasizes the need to resist protectionist tendencies and to rectify any trade-distorting measures already taken that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules, recognizing the right of countries, in particular developing countries, to fully utilize their flexibilities consistent with their World Trade Organization commitments and obligations, and that the successful conclusion of the Doha Round with a balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome would provide much-needed impetus to international trade and contribute to economic growth and development;", "17. Underlines the fact that the fulfilment of all official development assistance commitments is crucial, including the commitments by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries by 2015 as well as the target of 0.15 per cent to 0.20 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to least developed countries, and urges developed countries that have not yet done so to fulfil their commitments for official development assistance to developing countries;", "18. Stresses the essential role that official development assistance plays in complementing, leveraging and sustaining financing for development in developing countries and in facilitating the achievement of development objectives, including the internationally agreed development goals, in particular the Millennium Development Goals, reiterates that official development assistance can play a catalytic role in assisting developing countries in removing constraints on sustained, inclusive and equitable growth by, inter alia, enhancing social, institutional and physical infrastructure, promoting foreign direct investment, trade and technological innovations, improving health and education, fostering gender equality, preserving the environment and eradicating poverty, and welcomes steps to improve the effectiveness and quality of aid based on the fundamental principles of national ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results and mutual accountability;", "19. Also stresses the need to strengthen and support South-South cooperation, while stressing further that South-South cooperation is not a substitute for, but rather a complement to, North-South cooperation, and calls for the effective implementation of the Nairobi outcome document of the High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation, held in Nairobi from 1 to 3 December 2009;[13]", "20. Recognizes that human development remains a key priority, that human resources are the most precious and valuable asset that countries possess, and that the realization of full and productive employment and decent work for all is essential, and reiterates the importance of investment in human capital, inter alia, in health and education, through inclusive social policies, in accordance with national strategies and priorities;", "21. Considers that innovative mechanisms of financing can make a positive contribution towards assisting developing countries in mobilizing additional resources for financing for development on a voluntary basis and that such financing should supplement and not be a substitute for traditional sources of financing, and, while highlighting the considerable progress on innovative sources of financing for development achieved to date, stresses the importance of scaling up present initiatives and developing new mechanisms, as appropriate;", "22. Takes note of the ongoing discussions on innovative mechanisms of financing for development, and requests the President of the Economic and Social Council to organize a special event on innovative mechanisms of financing for development with the participation of relevant stakeholders during the substantive session of 2012 of the Council;", "23. Emphasizes the special importance of a timely, effective, comprehensive and durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries for promoting their economic growth and development;", "24. Also emphasizes that debt sustainability is essential for underpinning growth, underlining in this regard the importance of debt sustainability and effective debt management to the efforts to achieve national development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and acknowledges that sovereign debt crises tend to be costly and disruptive, including for employment and productive investments, and tend to be followed by cuts in public spending, including on health and education, affecting, in particular, the poor and vulnerable;", "25. Stresses that the financial and economic crisis has highlighted the need for reform as well as added new impetus to ongoing international discussions on the reform of the international financial system and architecture, including on issues related to mandate, scope, governance, responsiveness and development orientation, as appropriate, and in this regard encourages continued open, inclusive and transparent dialogue;", "26. Notes the important efforts undertaken nationally, regionally and internationally to respond to the challenges posed by the financial and economic crisis, in order to ensure a full return to growth with quality jobs, to reform and strengthen financial systems and to create strong, sustainable and balanced global growth;", "27. Recognizes the need to continue to enhance the coherence and consistency of the international monetary, financial and trading systems and the importance of ensuring their openness, fairness and inclusiveness as complements to national development efforts to ensure sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "28. Reaffirms the importance of broadening and strengthening the participation of developing countries in international economic decision-making and norm-setting, and in this regard takes note of recent important decisions on the reform of the governance structures, quotas and voting rights of the Bretton Woods institutions, better reflecting current realities and enhancing the voice and participation of developing countries, and reiterates the importance of the reform of the governance of those institutions for delivering more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions;", "29. Also reaffirms that the United Nations funds and programmes and the regional commissions, and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in accordance with their respective mandates, have an important role to play in advancing development and protecting development gains, in accordance with national strategies and priorities, including progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, and further reaffirms its determination to continue to take steps for a strong, well-coordinated, coherent, effective and efficient United Nations system in support of the Goals;", "30. Further reaffirms the need to further intensify the engagement of regional commissions in the financing for development follow-up process, including through the provision of technical advice and analyses to be made available to Member States;", "31. Reiterates the importance of ensuring a strengthened, and more effective, intergovernmental inclusive process for carrying out the financing for development follow-up;", "32. Acknowledges the efforts undertaken to strengthen the financing for development follow-up process, and reiterates that the modalities of the process should be reviewed, as appropriate, in accordance with the provisions set out in paragraph 30 of General Assembly resolution 65/145;", "33. Decides, in accordance with paragraph 90 of the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development,¹¹ to consider the need to hold a follow-up financing for development conference by 2013, and in this regard decides to hold informal consultations with a view to taking a final decision on the need for such a conference by 2013;", "34. Recognizes the work of the Financing for Development Office of the Secretariat, and encourages the Office, in collaboration with experts from the public and private sectors, academia and civil society, to continue its work in accordance with its mandate;", "35. Reiterates its appeal to Member States and other potential donors to consider contributing generously to the Trust Fund for the Follow-up to the International Conference on Financing for Development, which would facilitate the implementation of a strengthened and more effective intergovernmental inclusive process for carrying out the financing for development follow-up;", "36. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the 2008 Review Conference”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit, under the item, an annual analytical assessment of the status of implementation of the Monterrey Consensus and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, and of the present resolution, which is to be prepared in full collaboration with the major institutional stakeholders.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1.", "[2]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[3]  See resolution 65/1.", "[4]  A/66/75‑E/2011/87.", "[5]  A/66/329.", "[6]  A/66/334.", "[7]  A/64/884.", "[8]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[9]  See resolution 55/2.", "[10]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[11]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[13]  Resolution 64/222, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/439)]", "Follow-up to the International Conference on Financing for Development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Monterrey, Mexico, from 18 to 22 March 2002, and the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008, and its resolutions 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, 57/250, 57/272 and 57/273 of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 58/230 of 23 December 2003, 59/225 of 22 December 2004, 60/188 of 22 December 2005, 61/191 of 20 December 2006, 62/187 of 19 December 2007, 63/239 of 24 December 2008, 64/193 of 21 December 2009, 65/145 and 65/146 of 20 December 2010, as well as Economic and Social Council resolutions 2002/34 of 26 July 2002, 2003/47 of 24 July 2003, 2004/64 of 16 September 2004, 2006/45 of 28 July 2006, 2007/30 of 27 July 2007, 2008/14 of 24 July 2008, 2009/30 of 31 July 2009, 2009/30 of 28 July 2010 and 2011", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [1]", "Recalling further the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document, [2]", "Recalling the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [3]", "Taking note of the summary by the President of the Economic and Social Council of the special high-level meeting of the Council with the Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held in New York on 10 and 11 March 2011,", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary-General on the follow-up to and implementation of the Monterrey Consensus and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development,[5]", "Taking note further of the report of the Secretary-General on innovative mechanisms of financing for development,[6]", "Recalling the progress report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly to follow up on the issues contained in the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, [7]", "Expressing deep concern about the adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the current world financial and economic crisis, recognizing that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with serious downside risks, including the volatility of global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continued efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "1. Reaffirms the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development in its entirety, its integrity and its holistic approach, and recalls the resolve to take concrete action to implement the Monterrey Consensus and address the challenges of financing for development in a spirit of global partnership and solidarity in order to contribute to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "2. Also reaffirms that each country has the primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized in the achievement of sustainable development, and recognizes that national efforts should be complemented by supportive global programmes, measures and policies aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries, taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty;", "3. Reaffirms its determination to promote and strengthen the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the Monterrey Consensus,8 the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), [10] the 2005 World Summit Outcome,1 the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus [. 11] and the global partnership for development reaffirmed in the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”,3 as a central element of cooperation in the coming years;", "4. Recalls the overall commitment to just and democratic societies for development as set out in the Monterrey Consensus;", "5. Reaffirms the need to fulfil the commitment to sound policies, good governance at all levels and the rule of law;", "6. Recognizes that the mobilization of financial resources for development and the effective use of all those resources are essential for the global partnership for development, including in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and further recognizes that the mobilization of domestic and international resources and an enabling domestic and international environment are key drivers for development;", "7. Also recalls the resolve of Member States to improve and strengthen domestic resource mobilization and fiscal space, including through modern tax systems, where appropriate, more efficient tax collection, broadening the tax base and effectively combating tax evasion and capital flight, and reiterates that, while each country has the responsibility for its own tax system, national efforts in these areas must be supported by enhanced technical assistance and improved international cooperation and participation in addressing international tax issues;", "8. Expresses deep concern about the negative impact of the current global financial and economic crisis on development, including the capacity of developing countries to mobilize resources for development, recognizes the need to promote recovery, and recognizes that an effective response to the impact of the crisis requires timely implementation of development commitments, including existing aid commitments;", "9. Recalls that the continued fight against corruption at all levels is a priority, reaffirms the need to take urgent and decisive steps to continue to combat corruption in all its forms in order to reduce obstacles to effective resource mobilization and allocation and to prevent the diversion of resources from activities that are vital for development, recalls in this regard the need to build strong institutions at all levels, in particular effective legal and judicial systems, and to promote transparency, recognizes the efforts and achievements of developing countries in this regard, and notes the ratification of or accession to the United Nations Convention against Corruption [,] States have increased their commitment, and in this regard all States that have not yet done so are urged to consider ratifying or acceding to the Convention;", "10. Reiterates the importance of taking measures at all levels to limit illicit financial flows, improve disclosure practices and increase transparency in financial information, and in this regard notes the importance of strengthening the efforts of one and more countries to address this problem, including by providing support and technical assistance to developing countries to enhance their capacity;", "11. Emphasizes the need for more effective government engagement to ensure that markets are properly regulated in the public interest, and further recognizes the need for better regulation of financial markets;", "12. Recognizes that a dynamic, inclusive, well-functioning and socially responsible private sector is an important means of achieving economic growth and reducing poverty, emphasizes the need for appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks at the national level, in a manner consistent with national laws, to encourage public and private initiatives, including at the local level, and to foster a dynamic and well-functioning business sector, while improving income growth and distribution, productivity, women ' s empowerment and the empowerment of women and the protection of labour rights and the environment, and reiterates the importance of ensuring that the benefits of growth are shared by all people through the empowerment of individuals and communities;", "13. Reaffirms that the mobilization of domestic and international resources for development is an important component of the implementation of the commitments made at the World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the Chair of the fiftieth session of the Commission for Social Development, to organize a special event in 2012 on financing for social development;", "14. Notes that foreign direct investment is a major source of financing for development, and in this regard calls upon developed countries to continue to devise source-country measures to encourage and facilitate foreign direct investment through, inter alia, the provision of export credits and other lending instruments, risk guarantees and business development services, calls upon developing countries to continue their efforts to create a domestic environment conducive to attracting investment through, inter alia, a transparent, stable and predictable investment climate, proper contract enforcement and respect for property rights, and stresses the importance of further efforts to mobilize investment in human resources and in all sources of physical, environmental, institutional and social infrastructure;", "15. Reaffirms that international trade is an engine for development and sustained economic growth, and also reaffirms that a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system, as well as meaningful trade liberalization, can play a key role in stimulating global economic growth and development, benefiting all countries at all stages of development;", "16. Emphasizes the need to resist protectionist tendencies and to correct any trade-distorting measures that have been taken that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules, while recognizing the right of all countries, in particular developing countries, to make full use of the flexibilities consistent with their World Trade Organization commitments and obligations, and that a successful outcome of the Doha Round and its balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome will provide much-needed impetus to international trade and contribute to economic growth and development;", "17. Stresses the importance of meeting all official development assistance commitments, including the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries by 2015 set by many developed countries and the target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to least developed countries, and urges developed countries that have not yet done so to fulfil their commitments for official development assistance to developing countries;", "18. Stresses the essential role that official development assistance plays in complementing, leveraging and sustaining financing for development in developing countries and in contributing to the achievement of development goals, including the internationally agreed development goals, in particular the Millennium Development Goals, reaffirms that official development assistance can play a catalytic role in assisting developing countries in addressing constraints to sustained, inclusive and equitable growth by, inter alia, strengthening social, institutional and physical infrastructure, promoting foreign direct investment, trade and technological innovation, improving health and education, promoting gender equality, protecting the environment and eradicating poverty, and welcomes steps to improve the effectiveness and quality of aid, based on the fundamental principles of national ownership, alignment, coordination, results-based management and mutual accountability;", "19. Also stresses the need to strengthen and support South-South cooperation, while stressing that South-South cooperation is a complement to rather than a substitute for North-South cooperation, and calls for the effective implementation of the Nairobi outcome document of the High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation, held in Nairobi from 1 to 3 December 2009; [13]", "20. Recognizes that human development remains an important priority and that human resources are the most precious and valuable asset of all countries and that the achievement of full and productive employment and decent work for all is essential, and reiterates the importance of investing in human capital, especially health and education, through inclusive social policies, in accordance with national strategies and priorities;", "21. Considers that innovative financing mechanisms can make a positive contribution to assisting developing countries in mobilizing additional resources for financing for development on a voluntary basis and that such financing should complement, not replace, traditional sources of finance, with emphasis on the present Much progress has now been made in establishing innovative sources of financing for development, while stressing the importance of scaling up existing initiatives and establishing new mechanisms, as appropriate;", "22. Takes note of the ongoing discussion on innovative mechanisms of financing for development, and requests the President of the Economic and Social Council to hold a special event on innovative mechanisms of financing for development, with the participation of relevant stakeholders, during the substantive session of 2012 of the Council;", "23. Emphasizes the particular importance of a timely, effective, comprehensive and durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries in order to promote their economic growth and development;", "24. Also emphasizes that debt sustainability is essential for underpinning growth, stresses in this regard the importance of debt sustainability and effective debt management to efforts aimed at achieving national development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizes that sovereign debt crises are often costly and disruptive, including for employment and productive investment, and are often accompanied by cuts in public spending, including on health services and education, affecting in particular the poor and vulnerable;", "25. Stresses that the financial and economic crisis has highlighted the need for reform and added new impetus to the ongoing international discussions on reform of the international financial system and architecture, including, as appropriate, on issues related to mandate, scope of activities, governance, responsiveness and development orientation, and in this regard encourages continued open, inclusive and transparent dialogue;", "26. Notes the important efforts made at the national, regional and international levels to address the challenges posed by the financial and economic crisis in order to ensure a comprehensive return to growth with quality employment, reform and strengthen the financial system and create strong, sustainable and balanced global growth;", "27. Recognizes the need to continue to enhance the coherence and consistency of the international monetary, financial and trading systems and the importance of ensuring their openness, fairness and inclusiveness as a complement to national development efforts to ensure sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "28. Reaffirms the need to broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in international economic decision-making and norm-setting, and in this regard takes note of the important recent decisions to reform the governance structures, quotas and voting rights of the Bretton Woods institutions, which better reflect current realities and enhance the voice and participation of developing countries, and reiterates the need to reform the governance practices of those institutions to make them more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate;", "29. Also reaffirms the important role of the United Nations funds, programmes and regional commissions, as well as the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in promoting development and protecting development results, in accordance with national strategies and priorities, including progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, in accordance with their respective mandates, and reiterates its determination to continue to take steps towards a strong, well-coordinated, coherent, effective and efficient United Nations system in support of the Millennium Development Goals;", "30. Further reaffirms the need to further enhance the involvement of the regional commissions in the financing for development follow-up process, including through the provision of technical advice and analysis to Member States;", "31. Reaffirms the importance of ensuring a strengthened and more effective intergovernmental inclusive process for the financing for development follow-up;", "32. Acknowledges the efforts made to strengthen the financing for development follow-up process, and reiterates that the modalities of the process should be reviewed, as appropriate, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 30 of General Assembly resolution 65/145;", "33. Decides, in accordance with paragraph 90 of the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, to consider the need for a follow-up conference on financing for development to be held no later than 2013, and in this regard decides to hold informal consultations with a view to taking a final decision on the need for the conference to be held no later than 2013;", "34. Acknowledges the work of the Financing for Development Office of the Secretariat, and encourages it to continue to work in accordance with its mandate, in cooperation with experts from the public and private sectors, academia and civil society;", "35. Reiterates its call upon Member States and other potential donors to consider contributing generously to the Trust Fund for the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development, which would facilitate the implementation of a strengthened and more effective intergovernmental inclusive process for the financing for development follow-up;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the 2008 Review Conference”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual analytical assessment of the Monterrey Consensus and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development and the implementation of the present resolution, to be prepared in full cooperation with the major institutional stakeholders.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 60/1. ]", "[2] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[3] See resolution 65/1.", "A/66/75-E/2011/87.", "[5] A/66/329.", "[6] A/66/334.", "[7] A/64/884.", "[8] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[9] See resolution 55/2.", "[10] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[11] See resolution 63/239, annex.", "[12] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2349, No. 42146.", "[13] Resolution 64/222, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440)通过]", "66/192. 黎巴嫩海岸的浮油", "大会，", "回顾其关于黎巴嫩海岸浮油问题的2006年12月20日第61/194号、2007年12月19日第62/188号、2008年12月19日第63/211号、2009年12月21日第64/195号和2010年12月20日第65/147号决议，", "重申联合国人类环境会议的成果，特别是会议《宣言》原则7，[1] 其中要求各国采取一切可能的措施，防止海洋污染，", "强调需按照国际法保护和养护海洋环境，", "考虑到1992年《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》，[2] 特别是原则16，其中规定，原则上，污染者应承担污染引起的费用，并考虑到《21世纪议程》[3] 第17章，", "严重关切地注意到，以色列空军2006年7月15日炸毁紧靠黎巴嫩吉耶发电厂的储油罐，造成环境灾难，使浮油覆盖黎巴嫩整个海岸线并蔓延至叙利亚海岸线，正如大会第61/194、62/188、63/211、64/195和65/147号决议已强调指出，这种情况阻碍了实现可持续发展的努力，", "注意到秘书长对以色列政府不承认有责任向受到漏油事件影响的黎巴嫩政府和人民以及阿拉伯叙利亚共和国作出赔偿和补偿感到严重关切，", "回顾大会在第65/147号决议第4段中请以色列政府承担起责任，对黎巴嫩政府和直接遭受浮油影响的其他国家，如部分海岸被污染的阿拉伯叙利亚共和国，迅速作出适当赔偿，并确认秘书长的结论，即大会的这项请求尚未得到落实，", "确认秘书长认为这一漏油并不属于任何国际石油泄漏赔偿基金的范围，因此应当予以特别考虑，并认识到需要进一步考虑从以色列政府取得相关赔偿的选项，", "注意到秘书长的意见，即联合国赔偿委员会在处理伊拉克非法入侵和占领科威特所致环境损害索赔方面的经验，对于确定诸如目前浮油事件案件的环境损害、计量和量化所遭受损害并确定应赔付数额可能具有一定参考价值，", "再次赞赏地注意到各捐助国和国际组织通过双边和多边渠道，包括2006年8月17日举行的应对东地中海海洋污染事件的雅典协调会议和2006年8月31日举行的协助黎巴嫩早日恢复问题斯德哥尔摩会议，为黎巴嫩的清理行动及早日恢复和重建提供援助，", "确认秘书长欢迎黎巴嫩恢复基金同意在其现有机制范围内托管东地中海漏油复原信托基金，并对迄今未向信托基金作出捐助表示关切，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长就大会关于黎巴嫩海岸浮油问题的第65/147号决议执行情况提出的报告；[4]", "2. 连续第六年再次表示深切关注以色列空军炸毁紧靠黎巴嫩吉耶发电厂的储油罐对黎巴嫩实现可持续发展的不利影响；", "3. 认为浮油严重污染了黎巴嫩海岸并污染了叙利亚的部分海岸，对黎巴嫩自然资源、生物多样性、渔业和旅游业及人的健康具有不利影响，因此对黎巴嫩的生计和经济产生了严重影响；", "4. 再次请以色列政府承担起责任，对黎巴嫩政府和直接遭受浮油影响的其他国家，如部分海岸被污染的阿拉伯叙利亚共和国，修复这次炸毁行动造成的环境破坏包括恢复海洋环境的费用，迅速作出适当赔偿，尤其是考虑到秘书长报告得出的结论，即对大会关于向受漏油事件影响的黎巴嫩政府和人民以及阿拉伯叙利亚共和国作出赔偿和补偿的各项决议的相关规定没有得到执行仍然感到严重关切；", "5. 请秘书长进一步考虑从以色列政府取得有关赔偿的选项；", "6. 又请秘书长探讨联合国赔偿委员会的经验对于确定诸如目前浮油事件案件的环境损害、计量和量化所遭受损害并确定应赔付数额的参考价值；", "7. 再次赞赏黎巴嫩政府以及各会员国、区域和国际组织、区域和国际金融机构、非政府组织和私营部门作出努力，在被污染的海岸开始采取清理和复原行动，并鼓励会员国和上述实体继续向黎巴嫩政府提供财政和技术支持，完成清理和复原行动，以期保护黎巴嫩及东地中海盆地的生态系统；", "8. 欢迎黎巴嫩恢复基金同意托管利用自愿捐款设立的东地中海漏油复原信托基金,以便援助和支助直接受到不利影响的国家,从清理到安全处置油污废物,采用无害环境的综合管理方式处理因吉耶发电厂储油罐被毁而造成的环境灾难；", "9. 注意到秘书长在其报告中敦促各会员国、国际组织、国际和区域金融机构、非政府组织和私营部门在这一问题上继续支持黎巴嫩，特别是支持黎巴嫩的海岸复原活动和广泛的恢复努力，并表示，此种国际努力应予以加强，因为黎巴嫩至今仍在处理废物并监测恢复情况；再次邀请各国和国际捐助界向该信托基金自愿捐款，为此请秘书长动员国际技术援助和财政援助，以便确保信托基金有充足、适当的资源；", "10. 确认浮油的不利影响是多层面的，请秘书长在题为“可持续发展”的项目下就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交一份报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见《联合国人类环境会议的报告，1972年6月5日至16日，斯德哥尔摩》(A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1)，第一部分，第一章。", "[2] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[3] 同上，附件二。", "[4] A/66/297。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/192. Oil slick on Lebanese shores", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 61/194 of 20 December 2006, 62/188 of 19 December 2007, 63/211 of 19 December 2008, 64/195 of 21 December 2009 and 65/147 of 20 December 2010 on the oil slick on Lebanese shores,", "Reaffirming the outcome of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, especially principle 7 of the Declaration of the Conference,[1] in which States were requested to take all possible steps to prevent pollution of the seas,", "Emphasizing the need to protect and preserve the marine environment in accordance with international law,", "Taking into account the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[2] especially principle 16, in which it was stipulated that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, and taking into account also chapter 17 of Agenda 21,[3]", "Noting with great concern the environmental disaster caused by the destruction by the Israeli Air Force on 15 July 2006 of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Jiyeh electric power plant in Lebanon, resulting in an oil slick that covered the entirety of the Lebanese coastline, extended to the Syrian coastline and hindered efforts to achieve sustainable development, as already highlighted by the General Assembly in its resolutions 61/194, 62/188, 63/211, 64/195 and 65/147,", "Noting that the Secretary-General expressed grave concern at the lack of any acknowledgement on the part of the Government of Israel of its responsibilities vis‑à-vis reparations and compensation to the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 4 of its resolution 65/147, it requested the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other countries directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic, whose shores have been partially polluted, and recognizing the conclusion of the Secretary-General that this request of the Assembly has yet to be implemented,", "Acknowledging that the Secretary-General concluded that this oil spill is not covered by any of the international oil spill compensation funds and thus merits special consideration, and recognizing that further consideration needs to be given to the option of securing the relevant compensation from the Government of Israel,", "Noting the observation of the Secretary-General that the experience of the United Nations Compensation Commission in handling claims for compensation for environmental damage resulting from the unlawful invasion and occupation of Kuwait by Iraq may be of some value in terms of defining environmental damage in a case such as the present oil slick, in measuring and quantifying the damage sustained and in determining the amount of compensation payable in respect of it,", "Noting again with appreciation the assistance offered by donor countries and international organizations for the clean-up operations and the early recovery and reconstruction of Lebanon through bilateral and multilateral channels, including the Athens Coordination Meeting on the response to the marine pollution incident in the Eastern Mediterranean, held on 17 August 2006, as well as the Stockholm Conference for Lebanon’s Early Recovery, held on 31 August 2006,", "Acknowledging that the Secretary-General has welcomed the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean Oil Spill Restoration Trust Fund, under its existing mechanism, and expressing concern that to date no contributions have been made to the Trust Fund,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 65/147 on the oil slick on Lebanese shores;[4]", "2. Reiterates, for the sixth consecutive year, its deep concern about the adverse implications of the destruction by the Israeli Air Force of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Lebanese Jiyeh electric power plant, for the achievement of sustainable development in Lebanon;", "3. Considers that the oil slick has heavily polluted the shores of Lebanon and partially polluted Syrian shores and consequently has had serious implications for livelihoods and the economy of Lebanon, owing to the adverse implications for natural resources, biodiversity, fisheries and tourism, and for human health, in the country;", "4. Reiterates its request to the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other countries directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic whose shores have been partially polluted, for the costs of repairing the environmental damage caused by the destruction, including the restoration of the marine environment, in particular in the light of the conclusion contained in the report of the Secretary-General that there remains grave concern at the lack of implementation of the relevant provisions of the resolutions of the General Assembly on the subject vis-à-vis reparations and compensation to the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to give further consideration to the option of securing the relevant compensation from the Government of Israel;", "6. Also requests the Secretary-General to explore the value of the experience of the United Nations Compensation Commission in terms of defining environmental damage in a case such as the present oil slick, in measuring and quantifying the damage sustained and in determining the amount of compensation payable in respect of it;", "7. Reiterates its appreciation for the efforts of the Government of Lebanon and those of Member States, regional and international organizations, regional and international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector in the initiation of clean-up and rehabilitation operations on the polluted shores, and encourages Member States and the above-mentioned entities to continue their financial and technical support to the Government of Lebanon towards achieving the completion of clean-up and rehabilitation operations, with the aim of preserving the ecosystem of Lebanon and that of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin;", "8. Welcomes the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean Oil Spill Restoration Trust Fund, based on voluntary contributions, to provide assistance and support to the States directly adversely affected in their integrated environmentally sound management, from clean-up to safe disposal of oily waste, of this environmental disaster resulting from the destruction of the oil storage tanks at the Jiyeh electric power plant;", "9. Notes that in his report the Secretary-General urged Member States, international organizations, international and regional financial institutions, non‑governmental organizations and the private sector to continue their support for Lebanon in this matter, in particular for rehabilitation activities on the Lebanese coast and in the broader recovery efforts, and stated that such international effort should be intensified, since Lebanon is still engaged in the treatment of wastes and the monitoring of recovery, and reiterates its invitation to States and the international donor community to make voluntary financial contributions to the Trust Fund, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to mobilize international technical and financial assistance, in order to ensure that the Trust Fund has sufficient and adequate resources;", "10. Recognizes the multidimensionality of the adverse impact of the oil slick, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution under the item entitled “Sustainable development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 5–16 June 1972 (A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1), part one, chap. I.", "[2]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3]  Ibid., annex II.", "[4]  A/66/297." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/192. Oil slick on Lebanese shores", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 61/194 of 20 December 2006, 62/188 of 19 December 2007, 63/211 of 19 December 2008, 64/195 of 21 December 2009 and 65/147 of 20 December 2010 on the oil slick on Lebanese shores,", "Reaffirming the outcome of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in particular principle 7 of the Declaration of the Conference, which calls upon States to take all possible measures to prevent marine pollution,", "Emphasizing the need to protect and preserve the marine environment in accordance with international law,", "Taking into account the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, in particular principle 16, which provides that, in principle, polluters bear the costs of pollution, and taking into account chapter 17 of Agenda 21,", "Noting with grave concern the environmental disaster caused by the destruction by the Israeli Air Force on 15 July 2006 of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Jiyeh electric power plant in Lebanon, which caused an oil slick that covered the entirety of the Lebanese coastline and extended to the Syrian coastline, which was an impediment to efforts to achieve sustainable development, as highlighted by the General Assembly in its resolutions 61/194, 62/188, 63/211, 64/195 and 65/147,", "Noting the grave concern of the Secretary-General at the failure of the Government of Israel to recognize its responsibility to compensate and compensate the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 4 of its resolution 65/147, it requested the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other States directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic, whose shores have been partially polluted, and recognizing the conclusion of the Secretary-General that this request of the General Assembly has not yet been implemented,", "Recognizing that the Secretary-General considers that this oil spill does not fall within the scope of any international oil spill compensation fund and should therefore be given special consideration, and recognizing the need for further consideration of the option of obtaining relevant compensation from the Government of Israel,", "Taking note of the Secretary-General ' s observation that the experience of the United Nations Compensation Commission in dealing with claims for environmental damage resulting from Iraq ' s unlawful invasion and occupation of Kuwait may be of some value as a reference for the determination of environmental damage, such as in the case of the current oil slick, the measurement and quantification of damage suffered and the determination of the amount of compensation payable,", "Noting again with appreciation the bilateral and multilateral channels adopted by donor countries and international organizations, including the Athens Coordination Meeting on the Response to Marine Pollution Incidents in the Eastern Mediterranean, held on 17 August 2006, and the Facilitation Committee, held on 31 August 2006, The Stockholm Conference on Early Recovery in Barne to provide assistance for the early recovery and reconstruction of Lebanon ' s clean-up operations,", "Acknowledging that the Secretary-General welcomes the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean Oil Spill Restoration Trust Fund within its existing mechanisms, and expressing concern that no contributions have been made to the Trust Fund to date,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 65/147 on the oil slick on Lebanese shores;[4]", "2. Reiterates, for the sixth consecutive year, its deep concern at the negative impact of the destruction by the Israeli Air Force of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Lebanese Jiyeh electric power plant on the achievement of sustainable development in Lebanon;", "3. Considers that the oil slick has heavily polluted the shores of Lebanon and partially polluted Syrian shores and has had a negative impact on natural resources, biodiversity, fisheries and tourism in Lebanon, as well as on human health, and therefore has serious implications for livelihoods and the economy of Lebanon;", "4. Reiterates its request to the Government of Israel to assume its responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other States directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic, whose shores have been partially polluted, for the cost of repairing the environmental damage caused by the destruction, including the restoration of the marine environment, particularly in view of the conclusion in the report of the Secretary-General that serious concerns remain over the lack of implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions on compensation and compensation to the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill;", "Requests the Secretary-General to give further consideration to the option of obtaining compensation from the Government of Israel;", "6. Also requests the Secretary-General to explore the reference value of the experience of the United Nations Compensation Commission for the determination of environmental damage, such as that arising from the current oil slick, the measurement and quantification of damage suffered and the determination of the amount of compensation payable;", "7. Reiterates its appreciation for the efforts of the Government of Lebanon, as well as those of Member States, regional and international organizations, regional and international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector, to initiate clean-up and rehabilitation operations on the polluted shores, and encourages Member States and the above-mentioned entities to continue to provide financial and technical support to the Government of Lebanon to complete clean-up and rehabilitation operations with a view to protecting the ecosystem of Lebanon and the Eastern Mediterranean Basin;", "8. Welcomes the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean Oil Spill Restoration Trust Fund, which was established with voluntary contributions, to assist and support States directly adversely affected, from clean-up to safe disposal of oily waste, and to address the environmental disaster resulting from the destruction of the oil storage tanks at the Jiyeh electric power plant in an environmentally sound and integrated manner;", "9. Notes that, in his report, the Secretary-General urged Member States, international organizations, international and regional financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to continue to support Lebanon on this issue, in particular with regard to its coastal rehabilitation activities and its extensive rehabilitation efforts, and expresses the view that such international efforts should be strengthened, as Lebanon continues to deal with waste and to monitor recovery, reiterates its invitation to States and the international donor community to make voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to mobilize international technical and financial assistance in order to ensure that the Trust Fund has adequate and appropriate resources;", "Recognizes the multidimensional nature of the adverse impact of the oil slick, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution under the item entitled “Sustainable development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972 (A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1), part one, chap.", "[2] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3] Ibid., annex II.", "[4] A/66/297." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440)通过]", "66/193. 为哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克地区人的康复、生态复原和经济发展开展国际合作与协调", "大会，", "回顾其1997年12月16日第52/169M号、1998年11月16日第53/1H号、2000年11月27日第55/44号、2002年11月25日第57/101号、2005年12月22日第60/216号和2009年4月24日第63/279号决议，", "认识到由哈萨克斯坦继承、于1991年关闭的塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场，因其活动给人民，特别是儿童和其他弱势群体的生命和健康以及给该地区环境造成长期后果，仍然是哈萨克斯坦人民和政府严重关切的事项，", "考虑到核试验场关闭后在塞米巴拉金斯克地区实施的一些国际方案已经完成，而严重的社会、经济和生态问题依然存在，", "考虑到1999年9月6日和7日在东京召开的塞米巴拉金斯克问题国际会议的成果，这些成果提高了向该地区人民提供的援助的效力，", "承认通过哈萨克斯坦政府和包括联合国在内的国际社会实施的方案和采取的行动，2008年至2011年期间在加速塞米巴拉金斯克地区的发展方面取得了进展，", "确认国家发展政策和战略对塞米巴拉金斯克地区的复原具有重要作用，", "又确认哈萨克斯坦在塞米巴拉金斯克地区复原方面面临的挑战，尤其是在哈萨克斯坦政府为及时切实实现国际商定的发展目标，包括千年发展目标，特别是有关保健和环境可持续性的目标作出努力过程中面临的挑战，", "还确认哈萨克斯坦政府可请联合国哈萨克斯坦驻地协调员协助开展协商，以设立一个由政府各机构、地方政府、民间社会、捐助界和国际组织参加的多个利益攸关方机制，改进治理和更有效地利用为塞米巴拉金斯克地区复原划拨的资源，尤其是在辐射安全、社会经济发展、健康、环境保护和向民众提供有关风险的信息等方面，", "强调捐助国和国际发展组织必须支持哈萨克斯坦努力改善塞米巴拉金斯克地区的社会、经济和环境状况，并强调国际社会需要继续适当注意塞米巴拉金斯克地区的复原，", "表示注意到需要利用现代技术尽量减少和减轻塞米巴拉金斯克地区的辐射、健康、社会经济、心理和环境问题，", "认为必须与联合国合作建立一个一致的协调框架，以解决该地区的需要，采取创新的方法开展地区规划，并对塞米巴拉金斯克地区的民众，尤其是最脆弱群体提供社会援助，以改善他们的生活质量，", "强调在中长期处理塞米巴拉金斯克地区问题的过程中，必须采用着眼于发展的新方法，", "感谢秘书长报告[1] 中提到的捐助国和各组织、联合国各机构、基金和方案、专门机构和相关组织对塞米巴拉金斯克地区的复原作出贡献，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于第63/279号决议执行情况的报告，¹ 以及其中所载关于为解决塞米巴拉金斯克地区的健康、生态、经济和人道主义问题而采取措施的信息；", "2. 欢迎并确认哈萨克斯坦政府发挥重要作用，提供本国资源帮助满足塞米巴拉金斯克地区的需要，执行措施优化原塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场地区和设施的公共行政，确保辐射安全和环境复原，并将核试验场的利用重新纳入国家经济；", "3. 敦促国际社会协助哈萨克斯坦制订和执行关于治疗和护理塞米巴拉金斯克地区受影响民众的特别方案和项目，并协助哈萨克斯坦努力在塞米巴拉金斯克地区实现经济增长和可持续发展，包括提高现有方案的效力；", "4. 吁请会员国、有关多边金融组织和国际社会其他实体，包括学术界和非政府组织，分享知识和经验，以协助塞米巴拉金斯克地区人的康复、生态恢复和经济发展；", "5. 请秘书长在有关国家和联合国相关机构的参与下，继续开展协商进程，讨论以何种方式动员提供必要的支助并进行协调，寻求以适当办法解决塞米巴拉金斯克地区的问题和需要，包括秘书长的报告认为需要优先解决的问题和需要；", "6. 吁请秘书长继续努力提高世界公众对塞米巴拉金斯克地区各种问题和需要的认识；", "7. 请秘书长在题为“可持续发展”的项目下就本决议执行工作的进展情况向大会第六十九届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/66/337。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/193. International cooperation and coordination for the human and ecological rehabilitation and economic development of the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/169 M of 16 December 1997, 53/1 H of 16 November 1998, 55/44 of 27 November 2000, 57/101 of 25 November 2002, 60/216 of 22 December 2005 and 63/279 of 24 April 2009,", "Recognizing that the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing ground, inherited by Kazakhstan and closed in 1991, remains a matter of serious concern for the people and Government of Kazakhstan with regard to the long-term consequences of its activity for the lives and health of the people, especially children and other vulnerable groups, as well as for the environment of the region,", "Taking into account the fact that a number of international programmes in the Semipalatinsk region have been completed since the closure of the nuclear testing ground, but that serious social, economic and ecological problems continue to exist,", "Taking into consideration the results of the International Conference on Semipalatinsk, held in Tokyo on 6 and 7 September 1999, which have promoted the effectiveness of the assistance provided to the population of the region,", "Acknowledging the progress made towards accelerating the development of the Semipalatinsk region during the period 2008–2011, through programmes and actions of the Government of Kazakhstan and the international community, including United Nations agencies,", "Recognizing the important role of national development policies and strategies in the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "Recognizing also the challenges that Kazakhstan faces in the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region, in particular in the context of the efforts by the Government of Kazakhstan to ensure the effective and timely achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, in particular with regard to health care and environmental sustainability,", "Recognizing further that the Government of Kazakhstan may call upon the United Nations Resident Coordinator in Kazakhstan to render assistance in conducting consultations for establishing a multi-stakeholder mechanism, with the participation of various government bodies, local governments, civil society, the donor community and international organizations, to improve governance and enable the more efficient use of resources allocated for the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region, in particular regarding the areas of radiation safety, socio‑economic development and health and environmental protection, and for the provision of information on risks to the population,", "Emphasizing the importance of support by donor States and international development organizations for the efforts of Kazakhstan to improve the social, economic and environmental situation in the Semipalatinsk region, and the need for the international community to continue to pay due attention to the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "Taking note of the need to utilize modern technologies to minimize and mitigate radiological, health, socio-economic, psychological and environmental challenges in the Semipalatinsk region,", "Considering the importance of cooperation with the United Nations in establishing a coherent framework for coordination in addressing the needs of the region to introduce innovative approaches to the regional planning and social assistance to the population, especially to its most vulnerable groups, of the Semipalatinsk region aimed at improving their quality of life,", "Emphasizing the importance of the new development-oriented approach in tackling problems in the Semipalatinsk region in the medium to long term,", "Expressing appreciation to donor countries and organizations, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, the specialized agencies and related organizations mentioned in the report of the Secretary-General[1] for their contribution to the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 63/279¹ and the information contained therein on measures taken to solve the health, ecological, economic and humanitarian problems in the Semipalatinsk region;", "2. Welcomes and recognizes the important role of the Government of Kazakhstan in providing domestic resources to help to meet the needs of the Semipalatinsk region, implementing measures for optimizing public administration of the territory and facilities of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, ensuring radiation safety and environmental rehabilitation and reintegrating the use of the nuclear test site into the national economy;", "3. Urges the international community to provide assistance to Kazakhstan in formulating and implementing special programmes and projects for the treatment and care of the affected population as well as in efforts to ensure economic growth and sustainable development in the Semipalatinsk region, including increasing effectiveness of existing programmes;", "4. Calls upon Member States, relevant multilateral financial organizations and other entities of the international community, including academia and non‑governmental organizations, to share knowledge and experience in order to contribute to the human and ecological rehabilitation and economic development of the Semipalatinsk region;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue pursuing a consultative process, with the participation of interested States and relevant United Nations agencies, on modalities for mobilizing and coordinating the necessary support to seek appropriate solutions to the problems and needs of the Semipalatinsk region, including those prioritized in his report;", "6. Calls upon the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to enhance world public awareness of the problems and needs of the Semipalatinsk region;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/337." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/193. International cooperation and coordination for the human and ecological rehabilitation and economic development of the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/169 M of 16 December 1997, 53/1H of 16 November 1998, 55/44 of 27 November 2000, 57/101 of 25 November 2002, 60/216 of 22 December 2005 and 63/279 of 24 April 2009,", "Recognizing that the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, inherited by Kazakhstan and closed in 1991, remains a matter of serious concern to the people and Government of Kazakhstan because of the long-term consequences of its activities for the lives and health of the population, in particular children and other vulnerable groups, as well as for the environment of the region,", "Taking into account the fact that a number of international programmes in the Semipalatinsk region have been completed since the closure of the nuclear test site and that serious social, economic and ecological problems remain,", "Taking into account the results of the international conference on Semipalatinsk, held in Tokyo on 6 and 7 September 1999, which enhanced the effectiveness of the assistance provided to the people of the region,", "Acknowledging the progress made in accelerating the development of the Semipalatinsk region between 2008 and 2011 through programmes and actions implemented by the Government of Kazakhstan and the international community, including the United Nations,", "Recognizing the important role of national development policies and strategies for the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "Recognizing also the challenges faced by Kazakhstan in the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region, in particular in the context of the efforts of the Government of Kazakhstan to achieve, in a timely and effective manner, the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, in particular those relating to health and environmental sustainability,", "Recognizing further that the Government of Kazakhstan may request the United Nations Resident Coordinator in Kazakhstan to facilitate consultations aimed at establishing a multi-stakeholder mechanism involving Government agencies, local governments, civil society, the donor community and international organizations to improve governance and make more effective use of resources allocated for the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region, in particular in the areas of radiation safety, socio-economic development, health, environmental protection and the provision of risk information to the population,", "Emphasizing the importance of the support of donor countries and international development organizations for the efforts of Kazakhstan to improve the social, economic and environmental situation in the Semipalatinsk region, and the need for the international community to continue to pay due attention to the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "Taking note of the need to use modern technology to minimize and mitigate radiological, health, socio-economic, psychological and environmental problems in the Semipalatinsk region,", "Considering the need to establish, in cooperation with the United Nations, a coherent and coordinated framework to address the needs of the region, to adopt innovative approaches to area planning and to provide social assistance to the population of the Semipalatinsk region, in particular the most vulnerable groups, in order to improve their quality of life,", "Emphasizing the importance of new development-oriented approaches in addressing the problems of the Semipalatinsk region in the medium to long term,", "Expressing its appreciation to the donor countries and organizations, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, specialized agencies and related organizations mentioned in the report of the Secretary-General,[1] for their contribution to the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 63/279 and the information contained therein on measures taken to address the health, ecological, economic and humanitarian problems in the Semipalatinsk region;", "2. Welcomes and recognizes the important role played by the Government of Kazakhstan in providing its own resources to help meet the needs of the Semipalatinsk region, in implementing measures to optimize public administration in the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site area and facilities, in ensuring radiation safety and environmental rehabilitation and in reintegrating the use of the nuclear test site into the national economy;", "3. Urges the international community to assist Kazakhstan in developing and implementing special programmes and projects for the treatment and care of the affected population in the Semipalatinsk region and in its efforts to achieve economic growth and sustainable development in the Semipalatinsk region, including by enhancing the effectiveness of existing programmes;", "4. Calls upon Member States, relevant multilateral financial organizations and other entities of the international community, including academia and non-governmental organizations, to share their knowledge and experience in order to contribute to the human and ecological rehabilitation and economic development of the Semipalatinsk region;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to carry out a consultative process, with the participation of interested States and relevant United Nations agencies, on ways and means of mobilizing and coordinating the necessary support for finding appropriate solutions to the problems and needs of the Semipalatinsk region, including those prioritized in the report of the Secretary-General;", "Calls upon the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to enhance world public awareness of the problems and needs of the Semipalatinsk region;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution under the item entitled “Sustainable development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/66/337." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440)通过]", "66/194. 为可持续生计和发展保护珊瑚礁", "大会，", "回顾《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》[1] 和《21世纪议程》、[2] 《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领》、[3] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)、[4] 《毛里求斯宣言》[5] 和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》、[6] 《联合国千年宣言》[7] 和《联合国气候变化框架公约》，[8]", "重申《联合国海洋法公约》，[9] 其中为海洋活动提供了全面法律框架，并强调其重要性，意识到海洋空间诸问题相互密切关联，需要采取跨学科、跨部门的综合办法加以通盘考虑，", "回顾《生物多样性公约》[10] 是维护和可持续利用海洋生物多样性方面的重要文书，", "又回顾与生物多样性有关的公约和组织，包括《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》、[11] 《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》、[12] 《养护野生动物移栖物种公约》、[13] 以及联合国教育、科学及文化组织和联合国粮食及农业组织，", "认识到国家立法在保护本国管辖内的珊瑚礁和相关生态系统方面所发挥的作用，", "回顾其每年关于海洋和海洋法以及关于可持续渔业的决议，包括2006年12月8日第61/105号、2009年12月4日第64/71和64/72号、2010年12月7日第65/37A号、2011年4月4日第65/37B号决议，以及关于为人类今世后代保护全球气候的2010年12月20日第65/159号决议、大会决定举办联合国可持续发展大会的2009年12月24日第64/236号决议、题为“为今世后代努力实现加勒比海的可持续发展”的2010年12月20日第65/155号决议、关于《生物多样性公约》的2010年12月20日第65/161号决议及其他有关决议，", "注意到2009年5月14日世界海洋会议通过的《万鸦老海洋宣言》和1995年《关于海洋和沿海生物多样性的雅加达任务规定》，[14]", "又注意到根据《生物多样性公约》在海洋和沿海生物多样性方面尤其是在珊瑚礁和相关生态系统方面开展的工作，并在这方面注意到2010年10月18日至29日在日本名古屋举行的公约缔约方会议第十次会议的成果，包括与更新和修订2010年后时期战略计划有关的成果，[15]", "还注意到缔约方会议第十次会议请公约执行秘书[16] 在具备资金的前提下编写一份报告，说明缔约方会议第VII/5号决定通过的珊瑚漂白问题专项工作计划的执行进展情况，¹⁶", "关切地注意到，特别对那些极易因珊瑚礁丧失而受到伤害且适应能力低下的国家而言，珊瑚礁退化可能导致大量经济和社会福祉丧失，", "认识到世界上数以百万计的居民的可持续生计和发展依赖珊瑚礁及相关生态系统的健康，因为它们是主要的食物和收入来源，丰富了社区的审美和文化层面，还保护人们不受暴风雨、海啸和海岸侵蚀的危害，", "表示严重关切气候变化和海洋酸化对全世界珊瑚礁及有关生态系统的健康和生存产生的不利影响，包括因海平面升高、珊瑚漂白现象增加并日趋严重、海洋表面温度升高和风暴强度提高而产生的不利影响，加之废物流入海中、过度捕捞、破坏性渔捞方式、外来入侵物种和珊瑚开采的协同负面效应，", "认为《联合国气候变化框架公约》是谈判制定气候变化全球对策的主要国际政府间论坛，并促请各国依照《公约》确定的各项原则，包括共同但有区别的责任原则以及各自的能力，紧急采取全球行动，应对气候变化，", "承认许多国家的土著和地方社区与海洋和沿海环境、包括与珊瑚礁和相关生态系统有着独特的关系，在有些情况下根据本国立法拥有对海洋和沿海环境的所有权，并承认土著人民可在保护、管理和养护这些珊瑚礁和相关生态系统方面发挥重要作用，", "又承认国际珊瑚礁倡议作为各国政府、国际组织和非政府组织之间的伙伴关系在热带海洋生态系统管理方面发挥的牵头作用，", "欣见处理珊瑚礁所面临具有跨界性质的严重威胁的区域倡议，在这方面，欣见各区域倡议，包括珊瑚礁、渔业和粮食安全问题珊瑚三角区倡议、密克罗尼西亚挑战、加勒比挑战、太平洋洋景框架、东热带太平洋海景项目、西印度洋伙伴关系、西非养护问题挑战以及美洲养护和明智利用红树林和珊瑚问题区域倡议，", "又欣见联合国系统各机构、方案和基金在保护海洋生物多样性，尤其是保护珊瑚礁和相关生态系统方面所做的努力，", "表示注意到秘书长应大会2010年12月20日第65/150号决议的请求提出的关于为可持续生计和发展保护珊瑚礁的报告，[17]", "确认即将于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性，", "1. 敦促各国在本国管辖范围内、各主管国际组织按照各自的任务规定，考虑到迫切需要采取行动，在各级采取一切实际步骤，为可持续生计和发展保护珊瑚礁和相关生态系统，包括立即在全球、区域和当地采取协调一致的行动，通过减缓和适应等措施，应对各种挑战并克服气候变化以及海洋酸化对珊瑚礁和相关生态系统的不利影响；", "2. 又敦促各国制订、采取和实施协调一致的全面方法，以管理其管辖范围内的珊瑚礁和相关生态系统，鼓励依照国际法在保护珊瑚礁和提高珊瑚礁复原力方面开展区域合作，在这方面，促请发展伙伴支持发展中国家的此类努力，包括在相互商定的条件下提供财政资源、能力建设、无害环境技术和知识，以及交流相关科学、技术、社会经济和法律信息，使发展中国家能够采取一切必要行动，适当保护本国珊瑚礁和相关生态系统；", "3. 还敦促各国确定保护其国家管辖范围内的珊瑚礁的相关措施或工具，将其作为可持续发展方面的紧迫优先事项，以便除其他外，处理消除贫穷、粮食安全、可持续生计和生态系统养护方面的工作；并在这方面鼓励各国酌情加以实施并将其纳入更广泛的可持续发展战略；", "4. 着重指出必须改善对珊瑚礁和相关生态系统的经济、社会和环境惠益的了解，以便制订和加强各项措施，保护珊瑚礁，增强其复原能力，并加强沿海社区对环境变化和珊瑚礁退化的适应能力；", "5. 鼓励各国和其他利益攸关方酌情处理为可持续生计和发展保护珊瑚礁的问题；", "6. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会的当前筹备进程。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] 《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展全球会议的报告，1994年4月25日至5月6日，巴巴多斯布里奇顿》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.94.I.18和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件二。", "[4] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[5] 《审查小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领执行情况国际会议的报告，2005年1月10日至14日，毛里求斯路易港》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.05.II.A.4和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[6] 同上，附件二。", "[7] 见第55/2号决议。", "[8] 联合国,《条约汇编》，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[9] 同上，第1833卷，第31363号。", "[10] 同上，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[11] 同上，第993卷，第14537号。", "[12] 同上，第996卷，第14583号。", "[13] 同上，第1651卷，第28395号。", "[14] 见A/51/312，附件二，第II/10号决定。", "[15] 见UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27。", "[16] 同上，附件，第X/29号决定，第74段。", "[17] A/66/298和Corr.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/194. Protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[1] and Agenda 21,[2] the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[3] the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[4] the Mauritius Declaration[5] and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[6] the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[7] and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[8]", "Reaffirming the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,[9] which provides the overall legal framework for ocean activities, and emphasizing its fundamental character, conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole through an integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach,", "Recalling the Convention on Biological Diversity[10] as an important instrument in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity,", "Recalling also biodiversity-related conventions and organizations, including the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,[11] the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat,[12] the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,[13] the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,", "Recognizing the role of national legislation in the context of the protection of coral reefs and related ecosystems within national jurisdictions,", "Recalling its annual resolutions on oceans and the law of the sea and on sustainable fisheries, including resolutions 61/105 of 8 December 2006, 64/71 and 64/72 of 4 December 2009, 65/37 A of 7 December 2010 and 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, as well as its resolution 65/159 of 20 December 2010 on the protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind, its resolution 64/236 of 24 December 2009, in which it decided to organize the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, its resolution 65/155 of 20 December 2010 entitled “Towards the sustainable development of the Caribbean Sea for present and future generations”, its resolution 65/161 of 20 December 2010 on the Convention on Biological Diversity and other relevant resolutions,", "Noting the Manado Ocean Declaration adopted by the World Ocean Conference on 14 May 2009 and the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity of 1995,[14]", "Noting also the work under the Convention on Biological Diversity on marine and coastal biodiversity, in particular on coral reefs and related ecosystems, and in this connection the outcome of the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010, including in relation to the updating and revision of the strategic plan for the post‑2010 period,[15]", "Noting further the request of the Conference of the Parties, at its tenth meeting, to the Executive Secretary of the Convention to prepare, subject to the availability of financial resources, a report on the progress made in the implementation of the specific workplan on coral bleaching adopted by the Conference of the Parties in its decision VII/5, [16]", "Noting with concern that coral reef degradation will likely lead to the loss of significant economic and social benefits, in particular for States which are highly vulnerable to coral reef loss and have a low capacity to respond,", "Recognizing that millions of the world’s inhabitants depend on the health of coral reefs and related ecosystems for sustainable livelihoods and development as they are a primary source of food and income, add to the aesthetic and cultural dimensions of communities and also provide for protection from storms, tsunamis and coastal erosion,", "Expressing grave concern about the adverse impact of climate change and ocean acidification on the health and survival of coral reefs and related ecosystems around the world, including through sea-level rise, increase in the severity and incidence of coral bleaching, rising sea surface temperature and higher storm intensity, combined with the synergistic negative effects of waste run-off, overfishing, destructive fishing practices, alien invasive species and coral mining,", "Maintaining that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change, and calling upon States to take urgent global action to address climate change in accordance with the principles identified in the Convention, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,", "Acknowledging that, in many countries, indigenous and local communities have a distinctive relationship with marine and coastal environments, including coral reefs and related ecosystems, and in some cases ownership thereof, in accordance with national legislation, and that such peoples have an important role to play in the protection, management and preservation of those reefs and related ecosystems,", "Acknowledging also the leadership role in tropical marine ecosystems management provided by the International Coral Reef Initiative, a partnership of Governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations,", "Welcoming regional initiatives that address serious threats to coral reefs which are transboundary in nature and, in this regard, welcoming regional initiatives, including the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security, the Micronesia Challenge, the Caribbean Challenge, the Pacific Oceanscape Framework, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape Project, the Western Indian Ocean Partnership, the West African Conservation Challenge and the Regional Initiative for the Conservation and Wise Use of Mangroves and Coral Reefs in the Americas,", "Welcoming also the efforts of the agencies, programmes and funds of the United Nations system in the field of the protection of marine biodiversity and, in particular, coral reefs and related ecosystems,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development, requested in its resolution 65/150 of 20 December 2010, [17]", "Acknowledging the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012,", "1. Urges States, within their national jurisdictions and the competent international organizations, within their respective mandates, given the imperative for action, to take practical steps at all levels to protect coral reefs and related ecosystems for sustainable livelihoods and development, including immediate and concerted global, regional and local action to respond to the challenges and to address the adverse impact of climate change, including through mitigation and adaptation, as well as of ocean acidification, on coral reefs and related ecosystems;", "2. Also urges States to formulate, adopt and implement integrated and comprehensive approaches for the management of coral reefs and related ecosystems under their jurisdiction, encourages regional cooperation in accordance with international law regarding the protection and enhancement of the resilience of coral reefs, and in that respect calls upon development partners to support such efforts in developing countries, including through the provision of financial resources, capacity-building, environmentally sound technologies and know-how on mutually agreed terms, as well as the exchange of relevant scientific, technical, socio-economic and legal information, to enable developing countries to take all action necessary for the protection of their coral reefs and related ecosystems, as appropriate;", "3. Further urges States to identify relevant measures or tools for the protection of coral reefs within their national jurisdiction as an urgent sustainable development priority to address, inter alia, poverty eradication, food security, sustainable livelihoods and ecosystem conservation and, in this regard, encourages States to implement and integrate them, as appropriate, into broader sustainable development strategies;", "4. Stresses the need to improve the understanding of the economic, social and environmental benefits of coral reefs and related ecosystems, in order to develop and enhance measures to protect coral reefs, reinforce their resilience and strengthen the ability of coastal communities to adapt to environmental changes and coral reef degradation;", "5. Encourages Member States and other stakeholders to address, as appropriate, the protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development;", "6. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April–6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[4]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[5]  Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10–14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.II.A.4 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[6]  Ibid., annex II.", "[7]  See resolution 55/2.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[9]  Ibid., vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[10]  Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[11]  Ibid., vol. 993, No. 14537.", "[12]  Ibid., vol. 996, No. 14583.", "[13]  Ibid., vol. 1651, No. 28395.", "[14]  See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10.", "[15]  See UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27.", "[16]  Ibid., annex, decision X/29, para. 74.", "[17]  A/66/298 and Corr.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/194. Protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21, the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), the Mauritius Declaration and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the United Nations Millennium Declaration[7] and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[8]", "Reaffirming the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the overall legal framework for ocean activities, and emphasizing its importance, conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole through an interdisciplinary, intersectoral and integrated approach,", "Recalling that the Convention on Biological Diversity [10] is an important instrument in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity,", "Recalling also the biodiversity-related conventions and organizations, including the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, [11] the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat, [12] the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, [13] and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,", "Recognizing the role of national legislation in the protection of coral reefs and related ecosystems within national jurisdiction,", "Recalling its annual resolutions on oceans and the law of the sea and on sustainable fisheries, including resolutions 61/105 of 8 December 2006, 64/71 and 64/72 of 4 December 2009, 65/37 A of 7 December 2010 and 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, as well as its resolution 65/159 of 20 December 2010 on the protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind, its resolution 64/236 of 24 December 2009 on the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, its resolution 65/155 of 20 December 2010 entitled “Towards the sustainable development of the Caribbean Sea for present and future generations”, its resolution 65/161 of 20 December 2010 on the Convention on Biological Diversity and other relevant resolutions,", "Noting the Manado Ocean Declaration and the 1995 Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity adopted by the World Ocean Conference on 14 May 2009, [14]", "Noting also the work under the Convention on Biological Diversity on marine and coastal biological diversity, in particular coral reefs and related ecosystems, and in this regard noting the outcome of the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010, including those related to the updating and revision of the strategic plan for the period beyond 2010, [15]", "Noting also that, at its tenth meeting, the Conference of the Parties requested the Executive Secretary of the Convention [16] to prepare, subject to the availability of financial resources, a report on the progress made in the implementation of the specific workplan on coral bleaching adopted by the Conference of the Parties in its decision VII/5,16", "Noting with concern that coral reef degradation may lead to significant loss of economic and social well-being, especially in countries that are highly vulnerable to loss of coral reefs and have low adaptive capacity,", "Recognizing that the sustainable livelihoods and development of millions of the world ' s inhabitants depend on the health of coral reefs and associated ecosystems, as they are a major source of food and income, enrich the aesthetic and cultural dimensions of communities and protect people from storms, tsunamis and coastal erosion,", "Expressing grave concern about the adverse impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on the health and survival of coral reefs and related ecosystems worldwide, including as a result of rising sea levels, increased and increasing coral bleaching, higher sea surface temperatures and increased storm intensity, as well as the synergistic negative effects of waste flows into the sea, overfishing, destructive fishing practices, invasive alien species and coral mining,", "Considering that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the main international intergovernmental forum for negotiating a global response to climate change, and urging countries to take urgent global action to address climate change in accordance with the principles identified in the Convention, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,", "Acknowledging the unique relationship of indigenous and local communities in many countries with the marine and coastal environment, including coral reefs and related ecosystems, and, in some cases, ownership of the marine and coastal environment in accordance with national legislation, and the important role that indigenous peoples can play in the protection, management and conservation of those coral reefs and related ecosystems,", "Recognizing also the leading role played by the International Coral Reef Initiative in tropical marine ecosystem management as a partnership between Governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations,", "Welcoming regional initiatives to address serious threats to coral reefs of a transboundary nature and, in this regard, regional initiatives, including the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security, the Micronesia Challenge, the Caribbean Challenge, the Pacific Oceanscape Framework, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape Project, the Western Indian Ocean Partnership, the West Africa Conservation Challenge and the Regional Initiative for the Conservation and Wise Use of Mangroves and Corals in the Americas,", "Welcoming also the efforts of the agencies, programmes and funds of the United Nations system in the protection of marine biodiversity, in particular coral reefs and related ecosystems,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/150 of 20 December 2010, [17]", "Recognizing the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012,", "1. Urges States, within their national jurisdictions and in accordance with their respective mandates, and taking into account the urgent need for action, to take all practical steps at all levels to protect coral reefs and related ecosystems for sustainable livelihoods and development, including immediate, coordinated action at the global, regional and local levels to address challenges and address the adverse impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coral reefs and related ecosystems, including through mitigation and adaptation measures;", "2. Also urges States to develop, adopt and implement a coordinated and comprehensive approach to the management of coral reefs and related ecosystems within their jurisdiction, and encourages regional cooperation, in accordance with international law, in the protection and resilience of coral reefs, and in this regard calls upon development partners to support such efforts in developing countries, including by providing, on mutually agreed terms, financial resources, capacity-building, environmentally sound technologies and knowledge, as well as the exchange of relevant scientific, technical, socio-economic and legal information, to enable developing countries to take all necessary action to adequately protect their coral reefs and related ecosystems;", "Also urges States to identify measures or tools for the protection of coral reefs within their national jurisdiction as an urgent priority for sustainable development, inter alia, to address poverty eradication, food security, sustainable livelihoods and ecosystem conservation, and in this regard encourages States to implement and integrate them, as appropriate, into broader sustainable development strategies;", "4. Stresses the importance of improving understanding of the economic, social and environmental benefits of coral reefs and associated ecosystems in order to develop and strengthen measures to protect coral reefs, enhance their resilience and enhance the resilience of coastal communities to environmental change and coral reef degradation;", "5. Encourages States and other stakeholders, as appropriate, to address the protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development;", "6. Takes note of the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[4] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[5] Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10-14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.II.A.4 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[6] Ibid., annex II.", "[7] See resolution 55/2.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[9] Ibid., vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[10] Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[11] Ibid., vol. 993, No. 14537.", "[12] Ibid., vol. 996, No. 14583.", "[13] Ibid., vol. 1651, No. 28395.", "[14] See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10.", "[15] See UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27.", "[16] Ibid., annex, decision X/29, para. 74.", "[17] A/66/298 and Corr.1." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440)通过]", "66/195. 农业技术促进发展", "大会，", "回顾其关于农业技术促进发展的2009年12月21日第64/197号决议，", "又回顾《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、[1] 《21世纪议程》、[2] 《进一步执行〈21世纪议程〉方案》、[3] 《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》[4] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[5]", "还回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[6]", "回顾其关于农业发展与粮食安全的2010年12月20日第65/178号决议，", "注意到此前可持续发展委员会特别是其第十六和十七届会议以农业为专题重点所做的工作，", "承认秘书长2008年设立的全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队开展的工作，特别是工作队发出的呼吁，即酌情增加对农业技术开发的投资和以相互商定的条件转让和使用现有技术，尤其向小农特别是农村妇女转让并让其使用技术，回顾联合国粮食及农业组织2009年11月16日至18日在罗马举行的世界粮食安全首脑会议，并着重指出推进和实施农业技术的重要性，", "欢迎2009年7月10日在意大利拉奎拉通过的《全球粮食安全联合声明》[7] 所述以可持续农业发展为重点的各项承诺，", "回顾其2010年9月20日至22日在纽约举行的关于千年发展目标的大会高级别全体会议及其成果文件,[8] 重申其对实现千年发展目标的承诺，并认识到采用农业技术可对实现其中许多目标，包括对消除赤贫和饥饿、增强妇女权能和确保环境可持续性的有益影响，同时仍对迄今在实现这些目标方面的进展速度，尤其是最不发达国家和非洲的进展速度感到关切，", "表示注意到2011年5月9日至13日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议通过的《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[9] 确认需要继续努力履行《行动纲领》作出的各项承诺，", "承认即将举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性，", "强调指出妇女在农业部门的关键作用以及她们对促进农业和农村发展、改善粮食安全和营养以及消除农村贫穷所作的贡献，着重指出，农业发展要切实取得进展，就必须除其他外缩小性别差距，并确保妇女平等获得农业技术、相关服务与投入以及所有必要的生产资源，确保提供教育和培训、社会服务、保健、医疗服务、金融服务以及进入和参与市场的机会，", "承认民间社会和私营部门在推动发展中国家取得进展、促进使用可持续农业技术和培训小农特别是农村妇女方面的作用和工作，", "考虑到日益需要对农业食品链进行革新，以应对除其他外气候变化、自然资源耗竭和缺乏、城市化和全球化带来的挑战，确认农业研究和可持续农业技术可大大促进农业、农村和经济的发展、农业适应以及粮食安全和营养，并有助于减轻气候变化、土地退化和荒漠化的负面影响，", "1. 欢迎秘书长关于农业技术促进发展的报告；[10]", "2. 敦促会员国、联合国有关组织和其他利益攸关方作出更大努力，改善适当可持续农业技术的开发及其在公平、透明和相互商定的条件下，特别是在双边和区域两级向发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家的转让和传播，并支持各国努力推动利用地方专门技能和农业技术，通过适当宣传发展战略促进农业技术研究以及知识和信息的获取，并使农村妇女、男子和青年能够提高可持续农业生产力，减少收获后损失并加强粮食和营养安全；", "3. 鼓励在国际、区域和国家各级努力增强发展中国家，特别是小农尤其是农村妇女的能力，以提高粮食作物的生产率和营养质量，推动在收获前及收获后农业活动中采取可持续做法，并加强顾及妇女和青年具体需求的粮食安全和营养相关方案与政策；", "4. 促请会员国、联合国有关组织和其他利益攸关方将性别平等置于农业政策和项目的重要位置，并注重缩小性别差距，以使妇女能够平等利用节省劳力的技术、农业技术信息和专门技能、设备、决策论坛及相关农业资源，确保与农业、粮食安全和营养相关方案和政策考虑到妇女和青年的具体需求；", "5. 着重指出必须以符合国家规章和有关国际协定的方式，支持和推动作物品种和种子系统的改良和多样化研究，并支持建立可持续农业制度和管理做法，如保护性农业和虫害综合防治,以便使农业更具复原力，特别是使作物和包括牲畜在内的农场动物更能承受疾病、虫害以及包括干旱和气候变化在内的环境压力；", "6. 又着重指出必须可持续地利用和管理水资源，以提高和确保农业生产力，并呼吁进一步努力发展和加强灌溉设施和节水技术；", "7. 鼓励会员国、民间社会以及公营和私营机构结成伙伴关系，支持金融和市场服务，包括培训、能力建设、基础设施和推广服务，并呼吁所有利益攸关方进一步努力将小农特别是农村妇女纳入有关向其提供负担得起的适当可持续农业技术的规划和决策之中；", "8. 促请会员国将可持续农业发展列为国家政策和战略的组成部分，注意到南北合作、南南合作和三角合作可在这方面产生的积极影响，并敦促联合国系统相关机构在实现千年发展目标的努力中纳入农业技术、研究和发展要素，重点研究和开发负担得起、持久、可持续和易于小农特别是农村妇女使用和向其传播的技术；", "9. 请联合国有关组织，包括联合国粮食及农业组织和国际农业发展基金推动、支持和协助会员国交流经验，探讨尤其在紧迫环境条件下如何加强保护性农业等可持续农业和管理做法，以及如何推广使用可对整个价值链产生积极影响的农业技术，包括收获后作物储存和运输技术；", "10. 着重指出农业技术、农业研究和以相互商定的条件转让技术及共享知识和做法，对促进可持续发展和实现千年发展目标的推动作用，因此促请会员国并鼓励相关国际机构支持可持续农业研究和发展，并在这方面呼吁继续支持国际农业研究系统，包括国际农业研究磋商组织及其他相关国际组织和举措；", "11. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提出关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] S-19/2号决议，附件。", "[4] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[5] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[6] 见第60/1号决议。", "[7] 可查阅http://www.ifad.org/events/g8。", "[8] 见第65/1号决议。", "[9] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[10] A/66/304。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/195. Agricultural technology for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/197 of 21 December 2009 on agricultural technology for development,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[1] Agenda 21,[2] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[3] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[4] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[5]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[6]", "Recalling its resolution 65/178 of 20 December 2010 on agriculture development and food security,", "Noting the previous work done by the Commission on Sustainable Development, in particular at its sixteenth and seventeenth sessions, highlighting the thematic focus on agriculture,", "Acknowledging the work performed by the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis, established by the Secretary-General in 2008, and specifically its call for increased investment, as appropriate, in the development of agricultural technology as well as for the transfer and use of existing technologies, on mutually agreed terms, especially for smallholder farmers, in particular rural women, and recalling the World Summit on Food Security, convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome from 16 to 18 November 2009, and underlining the importance of advancing and implementing agricultural technologies,", "Welcoming the commitments set out in the Joint Statement on Global Food Security, adopted in L’Aquila, Italy, on 10 July 2009,[7] which focused on sustainable agriculture development,", "Recalling the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, held in New York from 20 to 22 September 2010, and its outcome document,[8] reaffirming its commitment to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizing the beneficial impact that the adoption of agricultural technologies can have for the achievement of many of those goals, including for eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, empowering women and ensuring environmental sustainability, while remaining concerned about the pace of progress to date in achieving those goals, particularly in the least developed countries and in Africa,", "Taking note of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020 adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011,[9] and recognizing the need to continue to work towards fulfilling the commitments made in the Programme of Action,", "Acknowledging the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "Stressing the critical role of women in the agricultural sector and their contribution to enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and nutrition and eradicating rural poverty, and underlining the fact that meaningful progress in agricultural development necessitates, inter alia, closing the gender gap and ensuring that women have equal access to agricultural technologies, related services and inputs and all the necessary productive resources, as well as to education and training, social services, health care, health services and financial services and access to and participation in markets,", "Acknowledging the role and work of civil society and the private sector in furthering progress in developing countries, in promoting the use of sustainable agricultural technology and the training of smallholder farmers, in particular rural women,", "Considering the increasing need to innovate in agri-food chains in order to respond to the challenges posed by, inter alia, climate change, the depletion and scarcity of natural resources, urbanization and globalization, and recognizing that agricultural research and sustainable agricultural technologies can greatly contribute to agricultural, rural and economic development, the adaptation of agriculture and food security and nutrition and help to mitigate the negative impact of climate change, land degradation and desertification,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on agricultural technology for development;[10]", "2. Urges Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to strengthen efforts to improve the development of appropriate sustainable agricultural technologies and their transfer and dissemination under fair, transparent and mutually agreed terms to developing countries, especially the least developed countries, in particular at the bilateral and regional levels, and to support national efforts to foster the utilization of local know-how and agricultural technologies, promote agricultural technology research and access to knowledge and information through suitable communication for development strategies and enable rural women, as well as men and youth, to increase sustainable agricultural productivity, reduce post-harvest losses and enhance food and nutritional security;", "3. Encourages international, regional and national efforts to strengthen the capacity of developing countries, especially their smallholder farmers, in particular rural women, in order to enhance the productivity and nutritional quality of food crops, to promote sustainable practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural activities and to enhance food security and nutrition-related programmes and policies that take into consideration the specific needs of women and youth;", "4. Calls upon Member States and relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to mainstream gender into agricultural policies and projects and to focus on closing the gender gap to achieve equal access for women to labour-saving technologies, agricultural technology information and know-how, equipment, decision-making forums and associated agricultural resources to ensure that agriculture, food security and nutrition-related programmes and policies take into consideration the specific needs of women and youth;", "5. Underlines the importance of supporting and advancing research in improving and diversifying crop varieties and seed systems as well as supporting the establishment of sustainable agricultural systems and management practices, such as conservation agriculture and integrated pest management, in order to make agriculture more resilient and, in particular, to make crops and farm animals, including livestock, more tolerant to diseases, pests and environmental stresses, including drought and climate change, in a manner consistent with national regulations and relevant international agreements;", "6. Also underlines the importance of the sustainable use and management of water resources to increase and ensure agricultural productivity, and calls for further efforts to develop and strengthen irrigation facilities and water-saving technology;", "7. Encourages Member States, civil society and public and private institutions to develop partnerships to support financial and market services, including training, capacity-building, infrastructure and extension services, and calls for further efforts by all stakeholders to include smallholder farmers, in particular rural women, in planning and taking decisions about making appropriate sustainable agricultural technologies and practices available and affordable to them;", "8. Calls upon Member States to include sustainable agricultural development as an integral part of their national policies and strategies, notes the positive impact that North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation can have in this regard, and urges the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to include elements of agricultural technology, research and development in efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, with a focus on the research and development of technology that is affordable, durable and sustainable and that can be easily used by and disseminated to smallholder farmers, in particular rural women;", "9. Requests relevant United Nations organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Fund for Agricultural Development, to promote, support and facilitate the exchange of experience among Member States on ways to augment sustainable agriculture and management practices, such as conservation agriculture, and increase the use of agricultural technologies that have a positive impact on the entire value chain, including technology for post-harvest crop storage and transportation, especially in pressing environmental circumstances;", "10. Underlines the instrumental role of agricultural technology, agricultural research and technology transfer on mutually agreed terms, as well as the sharing of knowledge and practices, in furthering sustainable development and in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, calls, therefore, upon Member States and encourages relevant international bodies to support sustainable agricultural research and development, and in this regard calls for continued support to the international agricultural research system, including the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and other relevant international organizations and initiatives;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Resolution S‑19/2, annex.", "[4]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6]  See resolution 60/1.", "[7]  Available from www.ifad.org/events/g8.", "[8]  See resolution 65/1.", "[9]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[10]  A/66/304." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/195. Agricultural technology for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/197 of 21 December 2009 on agricultural technology for development,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation),[5]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[6]", "Recalling its resolution 65/178 of 20 December 2010 on agriculture development and food security,", "Noting the previous work of the Commission on Sustainable Development, in particular its sixteenth and seventeenth sessions, on the thematic focus on agriculture,", "Acknowledging the work of the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis established by the Secretary-General in 2008, in particular its call for increased investment, as appropriate, in the development of agricultural technologies and the transfer and use of existing technologies on mutually agreed terms, in particular to smallholder farmers, especially rural women, and recalling the World Summit on Food Security, held in Rome from 16 to 18 November 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and stressing the importance of promoting and implementing agricultural technologies,", "Welcoming the commitments to focus on sustainable agricultural development, as set out in the Joint Statement on Global Food Security, adopted in L ' Aquila, Italy, on 10 July 2009,", "Recalling the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, held in New York from 20 to 22 September 2010, and its outcome document, [8] reaffirming its commitment to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizing the beneficial impact that the use of agricultural technologies can have on the achievement of many of those goals, including the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, the empowerment of women and ensuring environmental sustainability, while remaining concerned about the pace of progress to date towards the achievement of those goals, in particular in the least developed countries and Africa,", "Taking note of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011, [9] and recognizing the need for continued efforts to implement the commitments made in the Programme of Action,", "Acknowledging the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "Stressing the critical role of women in the agricultural sector and their contribution to promoting agriculture and rural development, improving food security and nutrition and eradicating rural poverty, and underlining that meaningful progress in agricultural development requires, inter alia, closing the gender gap and ensuring women ' s equal access to agricultural technologies, related services and inputs and all necessary productive resources, as well as education and training, social services, health care, medical services, financial services and access to and participation in markets,", "Acknowledging the role and work of civil society and the private sector in promoting progress in developing countries, the use of sustainable agricultural technologies and the training of smallholder farmers, especially rural women,", "Recognizing that agricultural research and sustainable agricultural technologies can contribute significantly to agriculture, rural and economic development, agricultural adaptation and food security and nutrition, as well as to mitigating the negative impacts of climate change, land degradation and desertification,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on agricultural technology for development; [10]", "2. Urges Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to increase their efforts to improve the development of appropriate sustainable agricultural technologies and their transfer and dissemination to developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, on fair, transparent and mutually agreed terms, particularly at the bilateral and regional levels, and to support national efforts to promote the use of local know-how and agricultural technologies, promote agricultural technology research and access to knowledge and information through appropriate communication of development strategies and enable rural women, men and youth to increase sustainable agricultural productivity, reduce post-harvest losses and enhance food and nutrition security;", "3. Encourages efforts at the international, regional and national levels to strengthen the capacity of developing countries, in particular smallholder farmers, especially rural women, to improve the productivity and nutritional quality of food crops, to promote sustainable practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural activities and to strengthen food security and nutrition-related programmes and policies that take into account the specific needs of women and youth;", "4. Urges Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to place gender equality at the forefront of agricultural policies and projects and to focus on reducing gender disparities in order to enable women to have equal access to labour-saving technologies, agricultural technology information and know-how, equipment, decision-making forums and related agricultural resources, and to ensure that programmes and policies related to agriculture, food security and nutrition take into account the specific needs of women and youth;", "5. Stresses the importance of supporting and promoting research on the improvement and diversification of crop varieties and seed systems, in a manner consistent with national regulations and relevant international agreements, and supporting the establishment of sustainable agricultural systems and management practices, such as conservation agriculture and integrated pest management, in order to make agriculture more resilient and, in particular, to make crops and farm animals, including livestock, more resilient to disease, pests and environmental pressures, including drought and climate change;", "6. Also stresses the importance of the sustainable use and management of water resources in order to increase and ensure agricultural productivity, and calls for further efforts to develop and strengthen irrigation facilities and water-saving technologies;", "7. Encourages partnerships among Member States, civil society and public and private institutions in support of financial and market services, including training, capacity-building, infrastructure and extension services, and calls for further efforts by all stakeholders to include smallholder farmers, in particular rural women, in planning and decision-making on appropriate and affordable sustainable agricultural technologies;", "8. Urges Member States to include sustainable agricultural development as an integral part of national policies and strategies, notes the positive impact that North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation can have in this regard, and urges the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to include elements of agricultural technology, research and development in their efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, with a focus on research and development that is affordable, sustainable, sustainable and easily accessible to and disseminated to smallholder farmers, in particular rural women;", "9. Invites relevant United Nations organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Fund for Agricultural Development, to promote, support and assist Member States in the exchange of experiences on ways to strengthen sustainable agricultural and management practices, including conservation agriculture, in particular under urgent environmental conditions, and to promote the use of agricultural technologies, including post-harvest crop storage and transport technologies, that have a positive impact on the entire value chain;", "10. Underlines the contribution of agricultural technology, agricultural research and the transfer of technology and the sharing of knowledge and practices on mutually agreed terms to the promotion of sustainable development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and therefore urges Member States and encourages relevant international bodies to support sustainable agricultural research and development, and in this regard calls for continued support for the international agricultural research system, including the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and other relevant international organizations and initiatives;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Resolution S-19/2, annex.", "[4] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6] See resolution 60/1.", "[7] Available from http://www.ifad.org/events/g8.", "[8] See resolution 65/1.", "[9] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[10] A/66/304." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440)通过]", "66/196. 中美洲的可持续旅游业和可持续发展", "大会，", "回顾大会关于这一事项的所有相关决议，", "又回顾《关于世界旅游问题的马尼拉宣言》、[1]《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》[2] 和《21世纪议程》、[3] 关于旅游促进和平的安曼宣言》、[4]《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》[5] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(“约翰内斯堡执行计划”)、[6]《巴巴多斯宣言》[7] 和《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领》、[8]《毛里求斯宣言》[9] 和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》、[10] 以及《伊斯坦布尔宣言》[11] 和《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[12]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标问题的高级别全体会议成果文件，[13]", "确认可持续旅游业作为逐步消除贫穷、保护环境和改善生活质量的一个积极手段的重要意义和作用，以及对实现可持续发展、特别是发展中国家可持续发展的贡献，", "欢迎关于可持续消费和生产的马拉喀什进程所作的努力、可持续旅游业发展国际工作队的成就、以及2011年作为国际工作队常设后续安排推出的全球可持续旅游业伙伴关系的目标，", "表示注意到中美洲一体化体系中美洲旅游业理事会在定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会框架内，在2011年6月24日与世界旅游组织合作在洪都拉斯罗阿坦举行的一次会议上通过了首次可持续旅游业讲习班成果文件，", "又表示注意到2011年7月22日在圣萨尔瓦多举行的中美洲一体化体系第三十七次国家元首和政府首脑会议通过了《联合宣言》、《行动计划》并宣布2012年为中美洲可持续旅游年，以及2011年7月7日在哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特举行的中美洲旅游业理事会第八十二次会议通过的《中美洲旅游业理事会宣言》，", "强调中美洲可持续旅游业是区域一体化的一个基本支柱，是社会和经济发展的发动机，因为可持续旅游业在就业、收入、投资和硬通货领域作出重大贡献，有助于实现千年发展目标，", "1. 邀请联合国会员国和其他利益攸关方以及世界旅游组织继续支持中美洲国家开展活动，包括在应急准备和应对自然灾难领域开展活动，促进本区域负责任和可持续的旅游业，并进行能力建设，通过使旅游业惠及社会各阶层特别是最脆弱和边缘化人口群体，实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标；", "2. 表示注意到中美洲各国政府与中美洲环境和发展委员会协调，努力执行现有旨在在全区域推出和推广可持续旅游业的各项方案，并欢迎它们在这方面为联合国可持续发展大会作出贡献；", "3. 鼓励中美洲国家通过中美洲旅游业理事会和中美洲旅游业一体化秘书处继续支持可持续旅游业，制订政策促进顺应民需和包容性的旅游业，加强区域特征，保护自然和文化遗产，特别是生态系统和生物多样性，并注意到全球可持续旅游业伙伴关系等现有倡议及其他国际倡议能够为此目的向各国政府提供直接重点支持；", "4. 确认考虑到已宣布2012年为中美洲可持续旅游年，需要推动发展，特别是通过消费可持续旅游产品和服务推动发展可持续旅游业，并加强生态旅游业的发展，同时保持土著和地方社区文化和环境的完整性，加大对生态敏感地区和自然遗产的保护力度，还需要推动发展可持续旅游业和能力建设，以协助加强农村和地方社区及中小型企业，同时考虑到应对气候变化挑战和遏止生物多样性丧失等方面的需要；", "5. 请秘书长考虑到世界旅游组织在这个领域编写的报告，向大会第六十八届会议报告与执行本决议有关的事态发展。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/36/236，附件，附录一。", "[2] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷：《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[3] 同上，附件二。", "[4] A/55/640，附件。", "[5] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[6] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[7] 《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展全球会议的报告，1994年4月25日至5月6日，巴巴多斯布里奇敦》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.94.I.18和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[8] 同上，附件二。", "[9] 《审查小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领执行情况国际会议的报告，2005年1月10日至14日，毛里求斯路易港》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.05.II.A.4和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[10] 同上，附件二。", "[11] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第一章。", "[12] 同上，第二章。", "[13] 见第65/1号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/196. Sustainable tourism and sustainable development in Central America", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly on this matter,", "Recalling also the Manila Declaration on World Tourism,[1] the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[2] and Agenda 21[3], the Amman Declaration on Peace through Tourism,[4] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[5] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[6] the Declaration of Barbados[7] and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[8] the Mauritius Declaration[9] and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[10] and the Istanbul Declaration[11] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[12]", "Recalling further the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[13]", "Recognizing the important dimension and role of sustainable tourism as a positive instrument towards the eradication of poverty, the protection of the environment and the improvement of quality of life and its contribution to achieving sustainable development, especially in developing countries,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Marrakech Process on sustainable consumption and production, the achievements of the International Task Force on Sustainable Tourism Development and the objectives of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism, launched in 2011 as a permanent successor to the International Task Force,", "Taking note of the outcome document of the first workshop on sustainable tourism, adopted by the Central American Tourism Council of the Central American Integration System on 24 June 2011, at a meeting organized in cooperation with the World Tourism Organization in Roatan, Honduras, in the framework of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012,", "Taking note also of the Joint Declaration, the Plan of Action and the declaration of 2012 as the Year of Sustainable Tourism in Central America, adopted at the thirty-seventh meeting of Heads of State and Government of the Central American Integration System, held in San Salvador on 22 July 2011, and the Declaration of the Central American Tourism Council, adopted at its eighty-second meeting, held in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, on 7 July 2011,", "Emphasizing that sustainable tourism in Central America is a fundamental pillar of regional integration and an engine of social and economic development, given its significant contribution in terms of jobs, income, investment and hard currency, and therefore contributes to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals,", "1. Invites States Members of the United Nations and other stakeholders, and the World Tourism Organization, to continue to support the activities undertaken by the Central American countries for the promotion of responsible and sustainable tourism in the region, including in the context of emergency preparedness and response to natural disasters, as well as for capacity-building in order to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, by extending the benefits of tourism to all sectors of society, in particular the most vulnerable and marginalized groups of the population;", "2. Takes note of the work of the Central American Governments in the implementation of existing programmes designed to launch and promote sustainable tourism throughout the region, in coordination with the Central American Commission for Environment and Development, and welcomes their contribution to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in this regard;", "3. Encourages the Central American countries, through the Central American Tourism Council and the Central American Tourism Integration Secretariat, to continue to support sustainable tourism with policies that foster responsive and inclusive tourism, strengthen regional identity and protect the natural and cultural heritage, especially their ecosystems and biodiversity and notes that existing initiatives, such as the Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism, among other international initiatives, can deliver direct and focused support to Governments to this end;", "4. Recognizes the need to promote the development of sustainable tourism, in particular through the consumption of sustainable tourism products and services, and to strengthen the development of ecotourism, taking into account the declaration of 2012 as the Year of Sustainable Tourism in Central America, while maintaining the culture and environmental integrity of indigenous and local communities and enhancing the protection of ecologically sensitive areas and the natural heritage, and to promote the development of sustainable tourism and capacity-building in order to contribute to the strengthening of rural and local communities and small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account the need to address, inter alia, the challenges of climate change and the need to halt the loss of biodiversity;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on developments related to the implementation of the present resolution, taking into account the reports prepared by the World Tourism Organization in this field.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/36/236, annex, appendix I.", "[2]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3]  Ibid., annex II.", "[4]  A/55/640, annex.", "[5]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[6]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[7]  Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April–6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[8]  Ibid., annex II.", "[9]  Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10–14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.II.A.4 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[10]  Ibid., annex II.", "[11]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.l), chap. I.", "[12]  Ibid., chap. II.", "[13]  See resolution 65/1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440)]", "66/196. Sustainable tourism and sustainable development in Central America", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all relevant General Assembly resolutions on this matter,", "Recalling also the Manila Declaration on World Tourism, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21, the Amman Declaration on Tourism for Peace, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”), the Barbados Declaration and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Mauritius Declaration and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, [10] and the Istanbul Declaration [11] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020,", "Recalling further the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, [13]", "Recognizing the importance and role of sustainable tourism as a positive means of progressively eradicating poverty, protecting the environment and improving the quality of life, as well as its contribution to achieving sustainable development, in particular in developing countries,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Marrakech Process on Sustainable Consumption and Production, the achievements of the International Task Force on Sustainable Tourism Development and the objectives of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism launched in 2011 as a permanent successor arrangement to the International Task Force,", "Taking note of the adoption by the Central American Tourism Council of the Central American Integration System, within the framework of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, of the outcome document of the first workshop on sustainable tourism, held in Roatan, Honduras, on 24 June 2011, in cooperation with the World Tourism Organization,", "Taking note also of the Joint Declaration, the Plan of Action and the proclamation of 2012 as the Year of Sustainable Tourism in Central America, adopted at the thirty-seventh Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Central American Integration System, held in San Salvador on 22 July 2011, and the Declaration of the Central American Tourism Council, adopted at the eighty-second meeting of the Central American Tourism Council, held in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, on 7 July 2011,", "Emphasizing that sustainable tourism in Central America is a fundamental pillar of regional integration and an engine for social and economic development, as it makes a significant contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in the areas of employment, income, investment and hard currency,", "1. Invites States Members of the United Nations and other stakeholders, as well as the World Tourism Organization, to continue to support the Central American countries in their activities, including in the area of emergency preparedness and response to natural disasters, to promote responsible and sustainable tourism in the region and to build capacity to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, by reaching all sectors of society, in particular the most vulnerable and marginalized segments of the population;", "2. Takes note of the efforts made by the Central American Governments, in coordination with the Central American Commission for Environment and Development, to implement existing programmes aimed at launching and promoting sustainable tourism throughout the region, and welcomes their contributions to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in this regard;", "3. Encourages the Central American countries, through the Central American Tourism Council and the Central American Tourism Integration Secretariat, to continue to support sustainable tourism, to develop policies to promote demand-driven and inclusive tourism, to strengthen regional identity and to protect natural and cultural heritage, in particular ecosystems and biodiversity, and notes that existing and other international initiatives, such as the Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism, can provide direct and focused support to Governments for this purpose;", "4. Recognizes the need to promote the development of sustainable tourism, in particular through the consumption of sustainable tourism products and services, while preserving the cultural and environmental integrity of indigenous and local communities and enhancing the protection of ecologically sensitive areas and natural heritage, taking into account the proclamation of 2012 as the Year of Sustainable Tourism in Central America, and the need to promote the development of sustainable tourism and capacity-building in order to help strengthen rural and local communities and small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account the need to address the challenges of climate change and to curb the loss of biodiversity;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on developments relevant to the implementation of the present resolution, taking into account the reports prepared by the World Tourism Organization in this field.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/36/236, annex, appendix I.", "[2] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3] Ibid., annex II.", "[4] A/55/640, annex.", "[5] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[6] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[7] Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[8] Ibid., annex II.", "[9] Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10-14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[10] Ibid., annex II.", "[11] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. I.", "[12] Ibid., chap. II.", "[13] See resolution 65/1." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.1)通过]", "66/197. 《21世纪议程》、《进一步执行〈21世纪议程〉方案》和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议成果的执行情况", "大会，", "回顾其2000年12月20日第55/199号、2001年12月24日第56/226号、2002年12月20日第57/253号和第57/270A号、2003年6月23日第57/270B号、2009年12月24日第64/236号和2010年12月20日第65/152号决议，以及关于《21世纪议程》、《进一步执行〈21世纪议程〉方案》和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议成果的执行情况的所有其他相关决议，", "又回顾《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、[1]《21世纪议程》、[2]《进一步执行<21世纪议程>方案》、[3]《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》、[4]《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[5] 以及《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》、[6]《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》[7] 和大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议成果文件，[8]", "还回顾其关于2012年在巴西举行联合国可持续发展大会的决定，[9]", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[10]", "2. 又表示注意到联合国可持续发展大会筹备委员会第二届会议的报告，[11] 并认可报告第六章所载题为“联合国可持续发展大会成果文件草案的草拟进程”的第2/1号决定；", "3. 决定联合国可持续发展大会于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行，建议持发大会通过本决议附件一所载大会临时议程；", "4. 鼓励会员国派出尽可能最高级别的代表，包括国家元首或政府首脑出席大会；", "5. 决定持发大会由六场全体会议组成，每天二场会议，除开幕式全体会议和闭幕式全体会议外，在举行全体会议的同时举行四场高级别圆桌会议；", "6. 又决定持发大会按照本决议附件二所载工作安排举办；", "7. 注意到需要在2012年尽早完成持发大会暂行议事规则草案，并在这方面注意到，筹备委员会主席团决定就此启动和及时完成非正式磋商；", "8. 促请所有会员国继续积极参与筹备进程和持发大会本身，以期持发大会取得圆满成功；", "9. 决定筹备委员会第三届会议于2012年6月13日至15日在里约热内卢举行；", "10. 大力鼓励会员国在筹备委员会第三届会议上完成对成果文件草稿的谈判；", "11. 再次请秘书长继续为持发大会筹备进程的工作和持发大会本身提供一切适当支持，确保联合国系统内的机构间合作、有效参与和协调一致，并确保有效利用资源，从而落实持发大会的目标和两个主题；", "12. 邀请会员国、观察员和所有相关利益攸关方，包括各区域委员会、联合国各组织和机构、其他相关政府间组织和区域组织、国际金融机构和参与可持续发展的主要群体，按照会员国在筹备进程中达成的协议，充分、有效地参加持发大会，并提出反映其所获经验教训的意见和建议，推动持发大会筹备进程；", "13. 鼓励各国政府在本国开展大会筹备工作期间，继续积极促成负责经济发展、社会发展和环境保护的所有国家机构的参与，并协调它们提供的投入；", "14. 强调联合国发展系统应国家当局的请求，为各国开展持发大会筹备工作提供适当支持的重要性；", "15. 重申深切关注支持可持续发展委员会工作自愿信托基金提供的资源无法为发展中国家的代表和主要群体的代表参加持发大会筹备进程的各次会议和持发大会本身提供足够的资金，", "16. 敦促国际和双边捐助方以及有能力向自愿信托基金提供捐助以资助持发大会的其他国家和实体及时提供捐助，请秘书长进一步作出努力，高效率、高实效和透明地利用信托基金内的有限资源，以便使发展中国家的代表更加积极地参与大会的筹备进程（包括其余的闭会期间会议、非正式的非正式谈判和筹备委员会第三届会议）及大会本身，为此鼓励秘书长在利用信托基金资源时，优先支付经济舱机票、每日生活津贴和终点站费用；", "17. 请秘书长向联合国大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于持发大会成果的报告；", "18. 决定考虑到持发大会成果，在联合国大会第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“《21世纪议程》、《进一步执行〈21世纪议程〉方案》和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议成果的执行情况”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "附件一", "2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会临时议程", "1. 大会开幕。", "2. 选举主席。", "3. 通过议事规则。", "4. 通过大会议程。", "5. 选举主席以外其他主席团成员。", "6. 工作安排，包括设立附属机构，以及其他组织事项。", "7. 出席大会代表的全权证书：", "(a) 任命全权证书委员会成员；", "(b) 全权证书委员会的报告。", "8. 一般性辩论。", "9. 圆桌会议的报告。", "10. 大会成果。", "11. 通过大会报告。", "12. 大会闭幕。", "附件二", "2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会拟议工作安排", "1. 下述安排根据联合国大会第64/236号决议拟定。", "2. 联合国可持续发展大会将于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行。", "一. 工作安排", "A. 全体会议", "3. 联合国可持续发展大会将举行共计六场高级别全体会议。具体安排如下：", "2012年6月20日星期三：上午10时至下午1时和下午3时至6时", "2012年6月21日星期四：上午10时至下午1时和下午3时至6时", "2012年6月22日星期五：上午10时至下午1时和下午3时至6时", "可视需要举行夜会。所有全体会议均在里约会展中心举行。", "4. 全体会议发言名单将依照确保国家元首或政府首脑先发言、其他代表团团长后发言的礼宾惯例，以抽签方式决定。作为观察国的罗马教廷、作为观察员的巴勒斯坦和作为观察员的欧洲联盟将列入发言名单。发言以五分钟为限。详细安排将通过与东道国和筹备委员会主席团密切协商拟订的秘书处说明发布。", "5. 6月20日星期三上午举行的开幕式全体会议将审议所有程序和组织事项，包括通过议事规则和议程、选举大会主席、选举主席团成员、设立主要委员会、任命全权证书委员会成员、编写大会报告的安排及其他事项。该全体会议还将听取经济及社会理事会主席和九个主要群体的发言。", "6. 大会开幕式将在6月20日星期三下午全体会议上举行，持发大会主席、联大主席、联合国秘书长和持发大会秘书长届时将发言。", "7. 6月22日星期五下午举行的闭幕式全体会议，预计将由高级别圆桌会议报告员介绍会议摘要，并通过大会成果文件和报告。", "B. 主要委员会", "8. 主要委员会将依照大会议事规则设立，除开幕式和闭幕式全体会议外，必要时将与全体会议并行开会。主要委员会将负责敲定任何未决事项。", "C. 高级别圆桌会议", "9. 联合国可持续发展大会将与全体会议并行举行四场圆桌会议。具体安排如下：", "2012年6月20日星期三：下午4时30分至7时30分", "2012年6月21日星期四：上午10时至下午1时和下午3时至6时", "2012年6月22日星期五：上午10时至下午1时。", "10. 四场圆桌会议将有一个共同主题：“探讨落实大会预期成果的前进之路”。", "11. 每场圆桌会议将有二名共同主席和一名报告员，由大会主席依照公平地域分配原则并考虑到发给各区域集团主席的提名邀请，从出席大会的国家元首或政府首脑和部长中任命。", "12. 圆桌会议成果应反映在报告员的会议摘要内，会议摘要应提交大会闭幕式全体会议并纳入大会最后报告。", "13. 四场圆桌会议将具有互动和多方利益攸关方性质，每场会议设70个席位：政府代表团占至多50个席位，其他与会者占至少20个席位，其中包括观察员、联合国系统各实体和其他经认可的政府间组织和主要群体的代表。鼓励会员国和其他与会方派出尽可能最高级别的代表出席圆桌会议。秘书处将邀请与会者考虑到上述与会总人数，在会议前报名参加圆桌会议中的一场会议。参加圆桌会议的报名起始时间将在《联合国日刊》中公布。", "14. 任一国家、观察员、联合国系统实体或其他经认可的政府间组织或某一主要群体代表，只可以参加其中一场圆桌会议。每个参加者可以带一名顾问与会。", "15. 每场圆桌会议的与会名单将在会前公布。", "16. 分会场会议室将电视直播圆桌会议的进展情况，分会场会议室将对媒体和所有其他经认可的与会者开放。", "二. 出席大会代表的全权证书：任命全权证书委员会成员", "17. 全权证书委员会成员将依照大会议事规则任命。", "三. 与会者", "A. 会员国和观察员", "18. 依照大会议事规则，联合国全体会员国、作为观察国的罗马教廷、作为观察员的巴勒斯坦和作为观察员的欧洲联盟，以及接到联大长期邀请、可以作为观察员参加由联大主持召开的所有国际会议届会和工作的政府间组织和其他实体，均可以参加大会，包括全体会议和非正式会议。", "B. 机构利益攸关方", "19. 依照大会议事规则，获认可参加可持续发展问题世界首脑会议和可持续发展委员会的其他相关政府间组织以及联合国系统相关组织，可酌情参加大会审议工作。", "20. 此外，未获认可参加可持续发展问题世界首脑会议或可持续发展委员会的有关政府间组织，可以根据既定认可程序向联大提出认可申请。在线注册和认可表格可从大会网站[12] 获得。", "C. 主要群体", "21. 依照大会议事规则，邀请获认可参加可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的非政府组织和其他主要群体，以及具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位的非政府组织和其他主要群体，酌情参加大会审议工作。", "22. 此外，不具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位或未获认可参加可持续发展问题世界首脑会议或可持续发展委员会的有关非政府组织和其他主要群体，可以根据既", "定认可程序向联大提出认可申请。[13]", "四. 秘书处", "23. 大会秘书长将担任联合国秘书处内的协调人，负责与东道国当局合作，为大会组织工作提供支持。", "五. 文件", "24. 按照联合国以往各次会议的惯例，大会的正式文件将包括会前、会间和会后印发的文件。", "25. 按照联合国以往各次会议的惯例，建议大会的报告由大会决定、会议情况简述以及关于大会工作和全体会议采取的行动的报告组成。", "26. 全体会议和高级别圆桌讨论会的会议摘要也应纳入大会报告。", "六. 并行会议和大会其他活动的安排", "27. 并行会议和其他活动，包括伙伴关系论坛和学习中心，如果在主楼内举办，应与全体会议和圆桌会议同时举行。伙伴关系论坛和学习中心是大会的正式组成部分。此种会议的口译将在有资源可用时提供。", "七. 会外活动", "28. 会员国、联合国系统各组织和经认可的机构和非机构利益攸关方将为大会与会者安排特别活动，包括关于可持续发展相关问题的简报会、讨论会、研讨会和小组讨论会。安排特别活动的准则和这些活动的日历均在大会网站¹² 公布。", "八. 媒体报道", "29. 秘书处新闻部将为会议采访记者编写新闻材料。此外，还将定期印发有关全体会议、圆桌会议和其他活动成果的新闻稿。所有相关文件均以电子方式在大会网站¹² 上提供。", "30. 媒体采访区将播放全体会议、圆桌会议和新闻发布会实况。特别媒体简报会和新闻发布会节目将予公布。", "[1] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] S-19/2号决议，附件。", "[4] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[5] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[6] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[7] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[8] 见第65/1号决议。", "[9] 见第64/236号决议，第20段。", "[10] A/66/287。", "[11] A/CONF.216/PC/9。", "[12] http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20。", "[13] 见第66/544号决定。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.1)]", "66/197. Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/199 of 20 December 2000, 56/226 of 24 December 2001, 57/253 and 57/270 A of 20 December 2002 and 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, as well as its resolutions 64/236 of 24 December 2009 and 65/152 of 20 December 2010 and all other relevant resolutions on the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[1] Agenda 21,[2] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[3] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[4] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[5] as well as the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[6] the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus[7] and the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[8]", "Recalling further its decision to hold the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Brazil in 2012,[9]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[10]", "2. Also takes note of the report of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development on its second session,[11] and endorses its decision 2/1, entitled “Process for the preparation of the draft outcome document for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development”, as contained in chapter VI of the report;", "3. Decides that the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development shall be held from 20 to 22 June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and recommends for adoption by the Conference the provisional agenda of the Conference as set forth in annex I to the present resolution;", "4. Encourages Member States to be represented at the Conference at the highest possible level, including Heads of State or Government;", "5. Decides that the Conference shall be composed of six plenary meetings, on the basis of two meetings a day, and four high-level round-table sessions, to be held in concurrence with the plenary meetings, except during the opening and closing plenary meetings;", "6. Also decides that the Conference shall be organized in accordance with the organization of work set forth in annex II to the present resolution;", "7. Notes the need to expedite the process for conclusion of the draft provisional rules of procedure of the Conference as early as possible in 2012 and, in this regard, notes the decision of the Bureau of the Preparatory Committee to initiate informal consultations on this matter to be concluded in a timely manner;", "8. Calls upon all Member States to continue to actively engage in the preparatory process, and in the Conference itself, with a view to reaching a successful outcome of the Conference;", "9. Decides that the third session of the Preparatory Committee shall be held from 13 to 15 June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro;", "10. Strongly encourages Member States to conclude negotiations on the draft outcome document at the third session of the Preparatory Committee;", "11. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue to provide all appropriate support to the work of the preparatory process of the Conference and to the Conference itself and to ensure inter-agency cooperation and effective participation and coherence within the United Nations system, as well as the efficient use of resources, so that the objective and the two themes of the Conference can be addressed;", "12. Invites Member States, observers and all relevant stakeholders, including the regional commissions, United Nations organizations and bodies, other relevant intergovernmental and regional organizations, international financial institutions and major groups involved in sustainable development, to participate fully and effectively in the Conference and to provide ideas and proposals reflecting their experiences and lessons learned as a contribution to the preparatory process of the Conference, as agreed in the preparatory process by Member States;", "13. Encourages Governments, in their national preparations for the Conference, to continue to actively involve and to coordinate inputs from all national agencies responsible for economic development, social development and environmental protection;", "14. Emphasizes the importance of the support of the United Nations development system, as appropriate, for national preparations for the Conference, upon the request of national authorities;", "15. Reiterates its deep concern that the resources available in the voluntary Trust Fund to Support the Work of the Commission on Sustainable Development are insufficient to fund the participation of representatives from developing countries, as well as representatives of major groups, in the meetings of the preparatory process of the Conference and in the Conference itself;", "16. Urges international and bilateral donors and other countries and entities in a position to do so to provide contributions to the voluntary Trust Fund for the Conference in a timely manner and requests the Secretary-General to make further efforts to use the limited resources in the Trust Fund in an efficient, effective and transparent manner in order to enhance the active participation of representatives from developing countries in the preparatory process of the Conference (comprising the remaining intersessional meetings, informal informal negotiations and the third session of the Preparatory Committee), and in the Conference itself, and in this regard encourages the Secretary-General, when using the resources of the Trust Fund, to prioritize the coverage of economy-class air tickets, daily subsistence and terminal expenses;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on the outcome of the Conference to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "18. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development”, taking into account the outcome of the Conference.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "Annex I", "Provisional agenda of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20 to 22 June 2012", "1. Opening of the Conference.", "2. Election of the President.", "3. Adoption of the rules of procedure.", "4. Adoption of the agenda of the Conference.", "5. Election of officers other than the President.", "6. Organization of work, including the establishment of subsidiary bodies, and other organizational matters.", "7. Credentials of representatives to the Conference:", "(a) Appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee;", "(b) Report of the Credentials Committee.", "8. General debate.", "9. Reports of the round tables.", "10. Outcome of the Conference.", "11. Adoption of the report of the Conference.", "12. Closure of the Conference.", "Annex II", "Proposed organization of work of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20 to 22 June 2012", "1. The arrangements set out below have been formulated pursuant to General Assembly resolution 64/236.", "2. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012.", "I. Organization of work", "A Plenary meetings", "3. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will consist of a total of six high-level plenary meetings to be held, as follows:", "Wednesday, 20 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Thursday, 21 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Friday, 22 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Evening sessions may be held, if required. All plenary meetings will be held at the Riocentro Exhibition and Convention Center.", "4. The list of speakers for the plenary meetings will be established by the drawing of lots, in accordance with the customary protocol that ensures that Heads of State or Government speak first, followed by other heads of delegation. The Holy See, in its capacity as observer State, Palestine, in its capacity as observer, and the European Union, in its capacity as observer, will be included in the list of speakers. Statements will be limited to five minutes. Detailed arrangements will be communicated in a timely manner through a note by the Secretariat, prepared in close consultations with the host country and the Bureau of the Preparatory Committee.", "5. The formal opening plenary meeting, to be held during the morning of Wednesday, 20 June, will consider all procedural and organizational matters, including the adoption of the rules of procedure and of the agenda, the election of the President of the Conference, the election of officers, the establishment of a Main Committee, the appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee and arrangements for the preparation of the report of the Conference, and other matters. The plenary meeting will also hear statements from the President of the Economic and Social Council and the nine major groups.", "6. At the ceremonial opening of the Conference, which will be held on Wednesday, 20 June, during the afternoon plenary meeting, statements will be made by the President of the Conference, the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Secretary-General of the Conference.", "7. The closing plenary meeting, to be held during the afternoon of Friday, 22 June, is expected to conclude with the presentation of the summaries by the Rapporteurs of the high-level round tables and the adoption of the outcome document and the report of the Conference.", "B Main Committee", "8. A Main Committee, established in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference, will meet, if necessary, in parallel with plenary meetings except during the opening and closing meetings. The Main Committee would be seized with finalizing any outstanding matters.", "C High-level round tables", "9. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will hold four high-level round-table sessions in parallel with the plenary meetings, as follows:", "Wednesday, 20 June 2012: from 4.30 to 7.30 p.m.", "Thursday, 21 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Friday, 22 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.", "10. The four high-level round-table sessions will have a common theme: “Looking at the way forward in implementing the expected outcomes of the Conference”.", "11. Each high-level round table will have two Co-Chairs and a Rapporteur, to be appointed by the President of the Conference from among the Heads of State or Government and ministers attending the Conference, in accordance with the principle of equitable geographical distribution and taking into account invitations for nominations to be extended to the Chairs of regional groups.", "12. The outcomes of the round tables should be reflected in the summaries by the Rapporteurs, which should be submitted to the closing plenary meeting of the Conference and included in the final report of the Conference.", "13. The four round-table sessions will be interactive and multi-stakeholder in nature, with seventy seats each: up to fifty for Government delegations and at least twenty for other participants, including representatives of observers, entities of the United Nations system and other accredited intergovernmental organizations and major groups. Member States and other participants are encouraged to be represented at the round tables at the highest possible level. Participants will be invited by the Secretariat to sign up for participation in one of the round tables in advance of the Conference, bearing in mind the total number of participants outlined above. The opening of the inscription for participation in the round tables will be announced in the Journal of the United Nations.", "14. Any given State, observer, entity of the United Nations system or other accredited intergovernmental organization or representative of a major group may participate in only one of the round tables. Each participant may be accompanied by one adviser.", "15. The list of participants in each round-table session will be made available prior to the meeting.", "16. The proceedings of the round tables will be telecast in an “overflow room” which will be open to the media and all other accredited participants.", "II. Credentials of representatives to the Conference: appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee", "17. A Credentials Committee will be appointed according to the rules of procedure of the Conference.", "III. Participants", "A Member States and observers", "18. The Conference, including the plenary and informal meetings, will be open to participation by all States Members of the United Nations, the Holy See, in its capacity as observer State, Palestine, in its capacity as observer, and the European Union, in its capacity as observer, as well as intergovernmental organizations and other entities having received a standing invitation from the General Assembly to participate as observers in the sessions and the work of all international conferences convened under its auspices, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference.", "B Institutional stakeholders", "19. Other relevant intergovernmental organizations that were accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development and to the Commission on Sustainable Development, as well as relevant organizations of the United Nations system, may participate in the deliberations of the Conference, as appropriate, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference.", "20. In addition, interested intergovernmental organizations that were not accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development or to the Commission on Sustainable Development may apply to the General Assembly for accreditation following the established accreditation procedure. Online registration and accreditation forms will be available at the Conference website.[12]", "C Major groups", "21. Non-governmental organizations and other major groups that were accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development and those that are in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council are invited to participate in the deliberations of the Conference, as appropriate, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference.", "22. In addition, interested non-governmental organizations and other major groups that are not in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council or were not accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development or to the Commission on Sustainable Development may apply to the General Assembly for accreditation following the established accreditation procedure.[13]", "IV. Secretariat", "23. The Secretary-General of the Conference serves as focal point within the Secretariat of the United Nations for providing support to the organization of the Conference, in cooperation with the host country authorities.", "V. Documentation", "24. In accordance with the practice followed at previous United Nations conferences, the official documentation of the Conference will include documents issued before, during and after the Conference.", "25. In accordance with the practice followed at previous United Nations conferences, it is recommended that the report of the Conference consist of the decisions of the Conference, a brief account of the proceedings and a reportorial account of the work of the Conference and the action taken at the plenary meetings.", "26. Summaries of the plenary meetings and high-level round-table discussions should also be included in the report of the Conference.", "VI. Organization of parallel meetings and other events of the Conference", "27. Parallel meetings and other events, including a partnership forum and learning centres, will be held during the same hours as the plenary meetings and the round tables, if they are held in the main building. The partnership forum and learning centres will constitute an official part of the Conference. Interpretation for such meetings will be provided on an as-available basis.", "VII. Side events", "28. Special events, including briefings, seminars, workshops and panel discussions on issues related to sustainable development, will be organized by Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and accredited institutional and non‑institutional stakeholders for the benefit of the participants in the Conference. Guidelines for organizing special events and the calendar of those events will be made available at the Conference website.¹²", "VIII. Media coverage", "29. Press materials will be prepared by the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat for journalists covering the Conference. In addition, regular press releases will be issued on the results of plenary meetings, round tables and other events. All relevant documentation will be made available electronically at the Conference website.¹²", "30. The plenary meetings and round tables, as well as press conferences, will be broadcast live to the media area. A programme of special media briefings and press conferences will be announced.", "[1]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Resolution S‑19/2, annex.", "[4]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8]  See resolution 65/1.", "[9]  See resolution 64/236, para. 20.", "[10]  A/66/287.", "[11]  A/CONF.216/PC/9.", "[12]  http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20.", "[13]  See decision 66/544." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.1)]", "66/197. Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/199 of 20 December 2000, 56/226 of 24 December 2001, 57/253 and 57/270 A of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 64/236 of 24 December 2009 and 65/152 of 20 December 2010, and all other relevant resolutions on the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) [4] and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus and the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[8]", "Recalling further its decision to hold the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Brazil in 2012, [9]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [10]", "Also takes note of the report of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development on its second session, and endorses decision 2/1, entitled “Procedure for the preparation of the draft outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development”, contained in chapter VI of the report;", "3. Decides that the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, and recommends that the Conference adopt the provisional agenda for the Conference, as contained in annex I to the present resolution;", "4. Encourages Member States to be represented at the General Assembly at the highest possible level, including Heads of State or Government;", "5. Decides that the Conference shall consist of six plenary meetings, two meetings per day and four high-level round tables in parallel with the opening and closing plenary meetings;", "6. Also decides that the Conference shall be organized in accordance with the organization of work set out in annex II to the present resolution;", "7. Notes the need to complete the draft provisional rules of procedure for the Conference as early as possible in 2012, and in this regard notes the decision of the Bureau of the Preparatory Committee to initiate and conclude informal consultations in this regard in a timely manner;", "8. Urges all Member States to continue to participate actively in the preparatory process and in the Conference itself with a view to a successful outcome of the Conference;", "9. Decides that the third session of the Preparatory Committee shall be held in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 15 June 2012;", "10. Strongly encourages Member States to conclude negotiations on the draft outcome document at the third session of the Preparatory Committee;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue to provide all appropriate support for the work of the preparatory process for the Conference and for the Conference itself, to ensure inter-agency cooperation, effective participation and coherence within the United Nations system and to ensure the effective use of resources for the implementation of the objectives and two themes of the Conference;", "12. Invites Member States, observers and all relevant stakeholders, including the regional commissions, United Nations organizations and bodies, other relevant intergovernmental and regional organizations, international financial institutions and major groups involved in sustainable development, to participate fully and effectively in the Conference, as agreed by Member States in its preparatory process, and to contribute to the preparatory process of the Conference by providing ideas and proposals reflecting lessons learned;", "Encourages Governments to continue to actively involve and coordinate the inputs of all national institutions responsible for economic development, social development and environmental protection in their national preparations for the Congress;", "14. Stresses the importance of the United Nations development system providing appropriate support to countries, at the request of national authorities, in their preparations for the Conference;", "15. Reiterates its deep concern that the resources made available by the Voluntary Trust Fund in support of the work of the Commission on Sustainable Development do not provide adequate funding for the participation of representatives of developing countries and representatives of major groups in the preparatory process of the Conference and in the Conference itself;", "16. Urges international and bilateral donors and other States and entities in a position to do so to contribute to the voluntary trust fund for the financing of the Conference in a timely manner, requests the Secretary-General to make further efforts to utilize the limited resources in the trust fund in an efficient, effective and transparent manner in order to enhance the active participation of representatives of developing countries in the preparatory process for the Conference, including the remaining intersessional meetings, informal informal negotiations and the third session of the Preparatory Committee, as well as in the Conference itself, and in this regard encourages the Secretary-General, when utilizing the resources of the trust fund, to give priority to the payment of economy-class air travel, daily subsistence allowance and terminal expenses;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the outcome of the Conference;", "Decides, taking into account the outcome of the Conference, to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "Annex I", "Provisional agenda for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012", "1. Opening of the Congress.", "2. Election of the President.", "Adoption of the rules of procedure.", "Adoption of the agenda of the Conference.", "Election of officers other than the President.", "6. Organization of work, including the establishment of subsidiary bodies, and other organizational matters.", "Credentials of representatives to the Conference:", "(a) Appointment of members of the Credentials Committee;", "(b) Report of the Credentials Committee.", "8. General debate.", "9. Report of the round tables.", "10. Outcome of the Conference.", "Adoption of the report of the Conference.", "Closure of the Conference.", "Annex II", "Proposed organization of work of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012", "1. The arrangements set out below are based on General Assembly resolution 64/236.", "2. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012.", "I. Organization of work", "Plenary", "3. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will hold a total of six high-level plenary meetings. The arrangements are as follows:", "Wednesday, 20 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Thursday, 21 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Friday, 22 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Night meetings may be held as necessary. All plenary meetings will be held at the Rio Fair.", "4. The list of speakers for the plenary meetings will be established by drawing lots, in accordance with the protocol practice of ensuring that Heads of State or Government speak first and other heads of delegation speak later. The Holy See, in its capacity as observer State, Palestine, in its capacity as observer, and the European Union, in its capacity as observer, will be inscribed on the list of speakers. Statements will be limited to five minutes. The detailed arrangements will be issued through a note by the Secretariat prepared in close consultation with the host country and the Bureau of the Preparatory Committee.", "The opening plenary meeting on the morning of Wednesday, 20 June, will consider all procedural and organizational matters, including the adoption of the rules of procedure and agenda, the election of the President of the General Assembly, the election of officers, the establishment of the Main Committee, the appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee, arrangements for the preparation of the report of the Conference and other matters. The plenary will also hear statements by the President of the Economic and Social Council and nine major groups.", "6. The opening plenary meeting of the Conference will be held on the afternoon of Wednesday, 20 June, with statements by the President of the Conference, the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Secretary-General of the Conference.", "The closing plenary meeting on the afternoon of Friday, 22 June, is expected to be presented by the Rapporteur of the high-level round table, who will present the summary of the meeting and adopt the outcome document and the report of the Conference.", "Main Committees", "8. The Main Committee will be established in accordance with the rules of procedure of the General Assembly and will meet in parallel with the plenary, as necessary, in addition to the opening and closing plenary meetings. The Main Committee will be responsible for finalizing any outstanding matters.", "C. High-level round tables", "9. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will hold four round tables in parallel with the plenary meetings. The arrangements are as follows:", "Wednesday, 20 June 2012: 4.30 - 7.30 p.m.", "Thursday, 21 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 3 to 6 p.m.", "Friday, 22 June 2012: from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.", "The four round tables will have a common theme: “Exploring the way forward in implementing the expected outcomes of the Congress”.", "Each round table will be composed of two Co-Chairs and a Rapporteur, to be appointed by the President of the General Assembly from among the Heads of State or Government and ministers attending the Assembly, on the basis of equitable geographical distribution and taking into account invitations for nominations addressed to the Chairmen of the regional groups.", "The outcome of the round tables shall be reflected in the summary by the Rapporteur, which shall be submitted to the closing plenary meeting of the General Assembly and incorporated in the final report of the Conference.", "13. The four round tables will be interactive and multi-stakeholder in nature, with 70 seats per session: up to 50 seats for governmental delegations and at least 20 seats for other participants, including observers, representatives of entities of the United Nations system and other accredited intergovernmental organizations and major groups. Member States and other participants are encouraged to be represented at the round tables at the highest possible level. The secretariat will invite participants to sign up for one of the round tables before the meeting, taking into account the above-mentioned total number of participants. The opening of the list of speakers for the round tables will be announced in the Journal of the United Nations.", "14. Only one round table may be attended by any State, observer, entity of the United Nations system or other accredited intergovernmental organization or representative of a major group. Each participant may be accompanied by one adviser.", "The list of participants in each round table will be made available before the meeting.", "16. The proceedings of the round tables will be broadcast live on television in the overflow room, which will be open to the media and all other accredited participants.", "II. Credentials of representatives to the Conference: appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee", "17. The members of the Credentials Committee will be appointed in accordance with the rules of procedure of the General Assembly.", "Participants", "A. Member States and observers", "18. In accordance with the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, all States Members of the United Nations, the Holy See, in its capacity as observer State, Palestine, in its capacity as observer, and the European Union, in its capacity as observer, as well as intergovernmental organizations and other entities that have received a standing invitation from the Assembly to participate as observers in the sessions and work of all international conferences convened under its auspices, may participate in the Assembly, including in plenary and informal meetings.", "B. Institutional stakeholders", "19. Subject to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, other relevant intergovernmental organizations accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the Commission on Sustainable Development, as well as relevant organizations of the United Nations system, may participate, as appropriate, in the deliberations of the Assembly.", "20. In addition, relevant intergovernmental organizations not accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development or the Commission on Sustainable Development may apply for accreditation to the General Assembly under the established accreditation procedure. Online registration and accreditation forms are available on the General Assembly website [12].", "C. Major groups", "21. Non-governmental organizations and other major groups accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development, as well as non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, are invited, as appropriate, to participate in the deliberations of the General Assembly, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Assembly.", "22. In addition, relevant non-governmental organizations and other major groups not in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council or not accredited to the World Summit on Sustainable Development or the Commission on Sustainable Development may, in accordance with", "The accreditation procedure shall apply to the General Assembly for accreditation. [13]", "IV. Secretariat", "23. The Secretary-General of the General Assembly will serve as the focal point within the United Nations Secretariat for the provision of support to the organization of the General Assembly in cooperation with the host country authorities.", "Documentation", "In accordance with the practice at previous United Nations conferences, official documents of the Conference will include documents issued before, during and after the session.", "25. In accordance with the practice followed at previous United Nations meetings, it is recommended that the report of the General Assembly consist of decisions of the General Assembly, a brief account of the proceedings and a report on action taken by the Assembly in its work and plenary meetings.", "26. Summaries of the plenary meetings and the high-level round-table discussions should also be included in the report of the Conference.", "VI. Organization of parallel meetings and other events of the General Assembly", "27. Parallel meetings and other events, including the Partnership Forum and the Learning Centre, if held in the main building, should be held in conjunction with plenary meetings and round tables. The Partnership Forum and Learning Centre are official components of the General Assembly. Interpretation for such meetings will be provided when resources become available.", "VII. Side events", "28. Special events, including briefings, seminars, workshops and panel discussions on issues related to sustainable development, will be organized for participants in the General Assembly by Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and accredited institutional and non-institutional stakeholders. The guidelines for the organization of special events and the calendar of those events are available on the website of the General Assembly12.", "VIII. Media coverage", "The Department of Public Information of the Secretariat will prepare press materials for journalists covering the Conference. In addition, regular press releases will be issued on the outcomes of plenary meetings, round tables and other events. All relevant documents are available electronically on the General Assembly website.12", "30. The plenary meetings, round tables and press conferences will be broadcast live in the media area. Special media briefings and press conferences will be announced.", "[1] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Resolution S-19/2, annex.", "[4] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8] See resolution 65/1.", "[9] See resolution 64/236, para. 20.", "[10] A/66/287.", "[11] A/CONF.216/PC/9.", "[12] http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20.", "[13] See decision 66/544." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.2)通过]", "66/198. 《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》的后续行动和执行情况", "大会，", "重申《巴巴多斯宣言》[1] 和《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领》、[2] 《毛里求斯宣言》[3] 和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》、[4]《社会发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[5] ，包括关于小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展的第七章，", "回顾2010年9月24日和25日在纽约举行的《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》执行情况高级别审查会议成果文件、[6] 大会2010年12月20日第65/156号决议及其以往关于这个问题的所有其他决议，以及秘书长关于《毛里求斯战略》五年度审查的报告，[7]", "确认即将举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性，", "1. 注意到秘书长按照毛里求斯战略执行情况高级别审查会议的成果文件⁶所载要求编写的关于更好地执行《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展的行动纲领》和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》的具体建议的报告；[8]", "2. 又注意到秘书长关于审查联合国系统对小岛屿发展中国家支持情况的报告；[9]", "3. 还注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "4. 强调指出继续对《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》⁴ 的后续行动和执行情况进行实质性审议的重要性；", "5. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》的后续行动和执行情况”的分项目；", "6. 又决定在其第六十七届会议上审议为第六十六届会议印发的秘书长关于更好地执行《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展的行动纲领》和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》的具体建议的报告和秘书长关于审查联合国系统对小岛屿发展中国家支持情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展全球会议的报告，1994年4月25日至5月6日，巴巴多斯布里奇顿》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.94.I.18和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] 《审查小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领执行情况国际会议的报告，2005年1月10日至14日，毛里求斯路易港》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.05.II.A.4和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[4] 同上，附件二。", "[5] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[6] 见第65/2号决议。", "[7] A/65/115。", "[8] A/66/278。", "[9] A/66/218。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.2)]", "66/198. Follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Declaration of Barbados[1] and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[2] the Mauritius Declaration[3] and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[4] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[5] including chapter VII on the sustainable development of small island developing States,", "Recalling the outcome document of the High-level Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[6] held in New York on 24 and 25 September 2010, General Assembly resolution 65/156 of 20 December 2010 and all its other previous resolutions on the subject, as well as the report of the Secretary-General on the five-year review of the Mauritius Strategy,[7]", "Acknowledging the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Notes the report of the Secretary-General on concrete recommendations to enhance the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, prepared in response to the request contained in the outcome document of the High-level Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy;[8]", "2. Also notes the report of the Secretary-General on the review of United Nations system support to small island developing States;[9]", "3. Further notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "4. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States;⁴", "5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States”;", "6. Also decides to consider, at its sixty-seventh session, the reports of the Secretary-General on concrete recommendations to enhance the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and on the review of United Nations system support to small island developing States, issued for the sixty-sixth session.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April–6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution l, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10–14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.II.A.4 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution l, annex I.", "[4]  Ibid., annex II.", "[5]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[6]  See resolution 65/2.", "[7]  A/65/115.", "[8]  A/66/278.", "[9]  A/66/218." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.2)]", "66/198. Follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Declaration of Barbados and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Mauritius Declaration and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit for Social Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) [5], including chapter VII on the sustainable development of small island developing States,", "Recalling the outcome document of the High-level Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, held in New York on 24 and 25 September 2010, [6] General Assembly resolution 65/156 of 20 December 2010 and all its other previous resolutions on the subject, as well as the report of the Secretary-General on the five-year review of the Mauritius Strategy, [7]", "Recognizing the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on specific recommendations for improving the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, as requested in the outcome document of the high-level review meeting on the implementation of the Mauritius Strategy;6", "2. Also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the review of United Nations system support for small island developing States;[9]", "3. Also takes note of the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "4. Stresses the importance of continued substantive consideration of the follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States;4", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States”;", "6. Also decides to consider at its sixty-seventh session the report of the Secretary-General on specific recommendations for improving the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the report of the Secretary-General on the review of United Nations system support for small island developing States, issued for its sixty-sixth session.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10-14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[4] Ibid., annex II.", "[5] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[6] See resolution 65/2.", "[7] A/65/115.", "[8] A/66/278.", "[9] A/66/218." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.3)通过]", "66/199. 国际减少灾害战略", "大会，", "回顾其2002年12月20日第57/547号决定及其1989年12月22日第44/236号、1994年12月2日第49/22A号、1994年12月20日第49/22B号、1998年12月15日第53/185号、1999年12月22日第54/219号、2001年12月21日第56/195号、2002年12月20日第57/256号、2003年12月23日第58/214和58/215号、2004年12月22日第59/231和59/233号、2005年12月22日第60/195和60/196号、2006年12月20日第61/198和61/200号、2007年12月19日第62/192号、2008年12月19日第63/216和63/217号、2009年12月21日第64/200号和2010年12月20日第65/157号决议，以及经济及社会理事会1999年7月30日第1999/63号和2001年7月26日第2001/35号决议，并考虑到大会关于联合国经济和社会领域各次主要会议和首脑会议成果的统筹协调执行及后续行动的2003年6月23日第57/270B号决议，", "承认即将举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性。", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于第64/200和65/157号决议执行情况的报告；[1]", "2. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "3. 强调指出对减少灾害风险问题持续进行实质性审议的重要性，并鼓励会员国和联合国相关机构考虑到减少灾害风险活动的重要作用，尤其是对于实现可持续发展的重要作用；", "4. 确认2011年5月8日至13日在日内瓦举行的减少灾害风险全球平台第三届会议确定该平台为全球一级减少灾害风险战略咨询协调和发展伙伴关系的主要论坛；", "5. 赞赏地注意到《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》中期审查结果，[2] 促请会员国、联合国各基金和方案及专门机构在其授权范围内加快执行《兵库行动框架》，并请国际减灾战略秘书处协助拟订2015年后减少灾害风险框架；", "6. 又赞赏地注意到秘书长为加强国际减灾战略秘书处作出的努力，包括将主管减少灾害风险助理秘书长兼执行兵库行动框架问题秘书长特别代表员额延长至2015年；", "7. 请秘书长与会员国协商，以包容、公开和透明的方式探讨其他措施，以确保国际减灾战略秘书处能够切实有效地履行其贯穿各领域的任务；", "8. 欢迎日本政府提出主办2015年第三次世界减灾会议；", "9. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“国际减少灾害战略”的分项目；", "10. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提出一份关于本决议执行情况的报告，在其中列入最新资料，说明在整个联合国系统更有效实现减少灾害风险主流化方面已经取得的进展和取得进一步进展的机会。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/66/301。", "[2] A/CONF.206/6，第一章，决议2。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.3)]", "66/199. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision 57/547 of 20 December 2002 and its resolutions 44/236 of 22 December 1989, 49/22 A of 2 December 1994, 49/22 B of 20 December 1994, 53/185 of 15 December 1998, 54/219 of 22 December 1999, 56/195 of 21 December 2001, 57/256 of 20 December 2002, 58/214 and 58/215 of 23 December 2003, 59/231 and 59/233 of 22 December 2004, 60/195 and 60/196 of 22 December 2005, 61/198 and 61/200 of 20 December 2006, 62/192 of 19 December 2007, 63/216 and 63/217 of 19 December 2008, 64/200 of 21 December 2009 and 65/157 of 20 December 2010 as well as Economic and Social Council resolutions 1999/63 of 30 July 1999 and 2001/35 of 26 July 2001, and taking into consideration its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Acknowledging the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolutions 64/200 and 65/157;[1]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the issue of disaster risk reduction, and encourages Member States and the relevant United Nations bodies to take into consideration the important role of disaster risk reduction activities for, inter alia, the achievement of sustainable development;", "4. Recognizes that the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction was confirmed at its third session, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, as being the main forum at the global level for strategic advice coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction;", "5. Takes note with appreciation of the results of the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disaster,[2] calls upon Member States, United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, within their mandates, to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action and requests the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction to facilitate the development of a post‑2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;", "6. Also takes note with appreciation of the efforts made by the Secretary-General to strengthen the secretariat of the Strategy, including through the extension until 2015 of the post of Assistant Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction and Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with Member States, to look, in an inclusive, open and transparent manner, into other measures to ensure that the secretariat of the Strategy can discharge its cross-cutting mandate with efficiency and effectiveness;", "8. Welcomes the offer made by the Government of Japan to host the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “International Strategy for Disaster Reduction”;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and to include therein an update on what progress has been made and what the opportunities are for making further progress in mainstreaming disaster risk reduction more effectively across the whole United Nations system.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/301.", "[2]  A/CONF.206/6 and Corr.1, chap. I, resolution 2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.3)]", "66/199. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision 57/547 of 20 December 2002 and its resolutions 44/236 of 22 December 1989, 49/22 A of 2 December 1994, 49/22 B of 20 December 1994, 53/185 of 15 December 1998, 54/219 of 22 December 1999, 56/195 of 21 December 2001, 57/256 of 20 December 2002, 58/214 and 58/215 of 23 December 2003, 59/231 and 59/233 of 22 December 2004, 60/195 and 60/196 of 22 December 2005, 61/198 and 61/200 of 20 December 2006, 62/192 of 19 December 2007, 63/216 and 63/217 of 19 December 2008, 64/200 of 21 December 2009 and 65/157 of 20 December 2010 and Economic and Social Council resolutions 1999/63 of 30 July 1999 and 2001/35 of 26 July 2001, as well as its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recognize the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolutions 64/200 and 65/157; [1]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Stresses the importance of continued substantive consideration of the issue of disaster risk reduction, and encourages Member States and relevant United Nations bodies to take into account the important role of disaster risk reduction activities, in particular for the achievement of sustainable development;", "4. Recognizes that the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction was identified at its third session, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, as the main forum for strategic advice coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction at the global level;", "5. Notes with appreciation the outcome of the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,[2] urges Member States, United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, within their mandates, to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, and requests the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction to contribute to the development of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;", "6. Also notes with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary-General to strengthen the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, including the extension of the post of Assistant Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction and Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action until 2015;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with Member States, to explore additional measures in an inclusive, open and transparent manner to ensure that the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction is able to fulfil its cross-cutting mandate effectively;", "8. Welcomes the offer of the Government of Japan to host the Third World Conference on Disaster Reduction in 2015;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “International Strategy for Disaster Reduction”;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including an update on progress made and opportunities for further progress in more effectively mainstreaming disaster risk reduction throughout the United Nations system.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/66/301.", "[2] A/CONF.206/6, chap. I, resolution 2." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.4)通过]", "66/200. 为人类今世后代保护全球气候", "大会，", "回顾其1988年12月6日第43/53号、1999年12月22日第54/222号、2007年12月10日第62/86号、2008年11月26日第63/32号、2009年12月7日第64/73号和2010年12月20日第65/159号决议以及关于为人类今世后代保护全球气候的其他各项决议和决定，", "又回顾《联合国气候变化框架公约》[1] 的各项原则和规定，", "还回顾《联合国千年宣言》、[2] 《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》[3] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)、[4] 《2005年世界首脑会议成果》、[5] 2007年12月3日至15日在印度尼西亚巴厘举行的联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方会议第十三届会议和作为京都议定书缔约方会议的缔约方会议第三届会议的成果[6] 及各届会议的成果、《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领》、[7] 《毛里求斯宣言》[8] 和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》、[9] 以及2011年5月9日至13日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议通过的《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[10]", "重申致力于实现《公约》的最终目标，即将大气中温室气体浓度稳定在气候系统不致遭受人类活动严重干扰的水平，并重申，应当在足以使生态系统能够自然地适应气候变化，确保粮食生产不受威胁，而且经济发展能够可持续进行的时间范围内达到这一水平，", "重申《公约》附件二所列发达国家缔约方和其他发达缔约方依照《公约》和《京都议定书》承担的财政义务，", "1. 回顾墨西哥政府于2010年11月29日至12月10日在墨西哥坎昆主办的联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方会议第十六届会议和作为京都议定书缔约方会议的缔约方会议第六届会议的成果；[11]", "2. 确认需要借助现有的政治势头进一步推动气候变化谈判；", "3. 表示注意到联合国气候变化框架公约执行秘书关于联合国气候变化会议及其后续行动的报告；[12]", "4. 着重指出必须通过公约缔约方会议和京都议定书缔约方会议上的持续谈判，达成一项宏伟、实质性、全面和平衡的成果；", "5. 赞赏地注意到南非政府2011年11月28日至12月9日在德班主办了公约缔约方会议第十七届会议和作为京都议定书缔约方会议的缔约方会议第七届会议；", "6. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "7. 邀请公约秘书处通过秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告缔约方会议的工作情况；", "8. 请秘书长在2012-2013两年期拟议方案预算中为公约缔约方会议及其附属机构的届会编列经费；", "9. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“为人类今世后代保护全球气候”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[4] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[5] 见第60/1号决议。", "[6] FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1和2；FCCC/KP/CMP/2007/9/Add.1和2。", "[7] 《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展全球会议的报告，1994年4月25日至5月6日，巴巴多斯布里奇敦》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.94.I.18和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件二。", "[8] 《审查小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领执行情况国际会议的报告，2005年1月10日至14日，毛里求斯路易港》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.05.II.A.4和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[9] 同上，附件二。", "[10] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[11] FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1和2；FCCC/KP/CMP/2010/12/Add.1和2。", "[12] A/66/291，第一节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.4)]", "66/200. Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 43/53 of 6 December 1988, 54/222 of 22 December 1999, 62/86 of 10 December 2007, 63/32 of 26 November 2008, 64/73 of 7 December 2009 and 65/159 of 20 December 2010 and other resolutions and decisions relating to the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind,", "Recalling also the principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[1]", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[2] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[3] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[4] the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[5] the outcome of the thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention and of the third session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, held in Bali, Indonesia, from 3 to 15 December 2007,[6] and the outcomes of all the sessions, the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[7] the Mauritius Declaration[8] and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[9] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011, [10]", "Reaffirming its commitment to the ultimate objective of the Convention, namely, to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, and also reaffirming that such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner,", "Reaffirming the financial obligations of developed country parties and other developed parties included in annex II to the Convention under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol,", "1. Recalls the outcome of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and of the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, hosted in Cancun, Mexico, by the Government of Mexico from 29 November to 10 December 2010;[11]", "2. Recognizes the need to build on the existing political momentum with a view to further advancing climate change negotiations;", "3. Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the United Nations Climate Change Conference and its follow-up;[12]", "4. Underlines the importance of achieving an ambitious, substantive, holistic and balanced outcome through the ongoing negotiations at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;", "5. Notes with appreciation that the Government of South Africa hosted the seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and the seventh session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in Durban from 28 November to 9 December 2011;", "6. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "7. Invites the secretariat of the Convention to report, through the Secretary-General, to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the work of the Conference of the Parties;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to make provisions for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies in his proposal for the programme budget for the biennium 2012–2013;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[5]  See resolution 60/1.", "[6]  FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 and 2 and FCCC/KP/CMP/2007/9/Add.1 and 2.", "[7]  Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April–6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[8]  Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10–14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.II.A.4 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[9]  Ibid., annex II.", "[10]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[11]  FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 and 2 and FCCC/KP/CMP/2010/12/Add.1 and 2.", "[12]  A/66/291, sect. I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.4)]", "66/200. Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 43/53 of 6 December 1988, 54/222 of 22 December 1999, 62/86 of 10 December 2007, 63/32 of 26 November 2008, 64/73 of 7 December 2009 and 65/159 of 20 December 2010 and other resolutions and decisions relating to the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind,", "Recalling also the principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[5] the outcomes of the thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the third session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, held in Bali, Indonesia, from 3 to 15 December 2007, and the outcomes of its sessions, the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Mauritius Declaration and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,[9] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, adopted by the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011, [10],", "Reaffirming its commitment to the ultimate objective of the Convention, namely, to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents serious anthropogenic interference with the climate system, and that this level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to enable ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner,", "Reaffirming the financial obligations of developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol,", "1. Recalls the outcome of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, hosted by the Government of Mexico in Cancun, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010; [11]", "2. Recognizes the need to build on existing political momentum to further advance climate change negotiations;", "3. Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the United Nations Climate Change Conference and its follow-up; [12]", "Stresses the importance of achieving an ambitious, substantive, comprehensive and balanced outcome through continued negotiations at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and the Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;", "5. Notes with appreciation that the Government of South Africa hosted the seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and the seventh session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in Durban from 28 November to 9 December 2011;", "6. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "7. Invites the secretariat of the Convention to report, through the Secretary-General, to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the work of the Conference of the Parties;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to make provision for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies in the context of the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2012 - 2013;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[5] See resolution 60/1.", "FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 and 2; FCCC/KP/CMP/2007/9/Add.1 and 2.", "[7] Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6 May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.I.18 and corrigenda), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[8] Report of the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius, 10-14 January 2005 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[9] Ibid., annex II.", "[10] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[11] FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 and 2; FCCC/KP/CMP/2010/12/Add.1 and 2.", "[12] A/66/291, sect. I." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.5)通过]", "66/201. 《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家 特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》的执行情况", "大会，", "回顾其2003年12月23日第58/211号、2006年12月20日第61/202号、2007年12月19日第62/193号、2008年12月19日第63/218号、2009年12月21日第64/202号和2010年12月20日第65/160号决议以及与《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》[1] 执行情况有关的其他决议，", "关切荒漠化、土地退化和干旱带来的负面经济影响，在这方面欢迎至迟将于2013年3月举行主题为“荒漠化经济评估、可持续土地管理以及干旱、半干旱和亚湿润干旱地区抗灾能力”的联合国防治荒漠化公约第二次科学大会，", "又关切干旱和半干旱区域遭受日益频繁严重的沙尘暴及其对环境和经济的负面影响，", "注意到需要在联合国防治荒漠化公约、¹ 联合国气候变化框架公约[2] 和生物多样性公约[3] 各秘书处之间加强合作，同时尊重各自的任务规定，", "着重指出减轻荒漠化、土地退化和干旱工作的跨部门性质，在这方面邀请所有相关联合国组织与联合国防治荒漠化公约秘书处合作，支持有效应对这些挑战，", "深为赞赏大韩民国政府于2011年10月10日至21日在昌原市主办公约缔约方会议第十届会议，", "表示注意到大会主题为“在可持续发展和消除贫穷背景下处理荒漠化、土地退化和干旱问题”的高级别会议，会议强调《联合国防治荒漠化公约》是除其他外实现粮食安全、消除贫穷和可持续发展、促进干地土地可持续使用和改善科学流程以更好地理解荒漠化、土地退化和干旱问题的工具，确认联合国防治荒漠化公约协调人和秘书处在举办高级别会议方面开展的全面工作，", "承认即将举行的联合国可持续发展会议的重要性，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于第65/160号决议执行情况和《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》执行情况的报告，[4]", "2. 深切关注遭受历史上最严重旱灾之一的非洲之角区域的危急局势，着重指出这一局势突出表明需要通过采取短期、中期和长期措施，有效执行《公约》及其推进执行《公约》的十年战略规划和框架(2008-2018)；[5]", "3. 欢迎公约缔约方会议第十届会议的成果，并强调需要执行会议通过的各项决定；", "4. 又欢迎公约缔约方努力找出与全球机制的治理和体制安排有关的持久解决办法，以此作为已进行的各次外部评估包括联合检查组2009年报告[6] 的后续行动，以便为缔约方会议提供更好的服务；", "5. 建议加强公约执行情况审查委员会和科学技术委员会通过其所提建议发挥的咨询作用，以便有效监测公约缔约方会议的各项决定；", "6. 注意到仍然需要加强《公约》的科学基础，注意到缔约方会议第十届会议决定设立一个考虑到区域平衡的特设工作组，以进一步讨论提供着重荒漠化/土地退化和干旱问题的科学咨询具体选项，同时要考虑到执行《公约》的区域办法；[7]", "7. 又注意到目前正在努力制定和执行以科学为基础的稳健办法，以监测和评估荒漠化；", "8. 邀请全球环境基金在今后充资期间进一步改善资源分配，视供资情况，考虑增加对土地退化重点领域的拨款；", "9. 注意到民间社会组织和其他利益攸关方按照公约缔约方会议的议事规则参加缔约方会议及其附属机构的届会以及这些利益攸关方参与执行《公约》和推进执行《公约》的十年战略规划和框架的重要性；", "10. 重申决心支持执行和加强《公约》执行工作，通过调动适当和可预测的财政资源、以相互商定的条件转让技术和能力建设等办法，解决荒漠化、土地退化和干旱的根源以及土地退化引起的贫穷问题；", "11. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议当前的筹备进程；", "12. 重申根据缔约方会议第十届会议的决定，[8] 将目前公约秘书处和联合国秘书处之间的机构联系和相关行政安排再延续五年，由大会和公约缔约方会议至迟于2017年12月31日对此进行审查；", "13. 决定在联合国2012-2013两年期会议日历中列入设想在该两年期召开的公约缔约方会议及其附属机构的届会，请秘书长在提交2012-2013两年期拟议方案预算时为缔约方会议及其附属机构的届会编列经费；", "14. 又决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下列入题为“《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》的执行情况”的分项目；", "15. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1954卷，第33480号。", "[2] 同上，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[3] 同上，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[4] 见A/66/291，第二节。", "[5] A/C.2/62/7,附件。", "[6] 见A/64/379。", "[7] 见ICCD/COP(10)/31/Add.1, 第20/COP.10号决定.", "[8] 同上，第32/COP.10号决定。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.5)]", "66/201. Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/211 of 23 December 2003, 61/202 of 20 December 2006, 62/193 of 19 December 2007, 63/218 of 19 December 2008, 64/202 of 21 December 2009 and 65/160 of 20 December 2010, as well as other resolutions relating to the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa,[1]", "Concerned by the negative economic impacts of desertification, land degradation and drought, and in this regard welcoming the organization of the second United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Scientific Conference, on the theme “Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry subhumid areas”, to be held by March 2013 at the latest,", "Concerned also by the increasing frequency and severity of dust storms and sandstorms affecting arid and semi-arid regions and their negative impact on the environment and the economy,", "Noting the need for enhanced cooperation among the secretariats of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change[2] and the Convention on Biological Diversity,[3] while respecting their individual mandates,", "Underlining the cross-sectoral nature of desertification, land degradation and drought mitigation, and in this regard inviting all relevant United Nations organizations to cooperate with the secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in supporting an effective response to those challenges,", "Expressing its deep appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Korea for hosting the tenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Changwon City from 10 to 21 October 2011,", "Taking note of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the theme “Addressing desertification, land degradation and drought in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication”, which emphasized that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification serves as a tool for achieving, inter alia, food security, poverty eradication and sustainable development, for promoting sustainable land use in drylands, and for enhancing the scientific process so that desertification, land degradation and drought issues are better understood, and acknowledging the comprehensive work carried out by the focal point and the secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in organizing the high-level meeting,", "Acknowledging the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 65/160 and on the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa;[4]", "2. Expresses deep concern about the critical situation in the Horn of Africa region, which is experiencing one of the worst droughts in history, and underlines that this situation highlights the need for the effective implementation of the Convention and its ten-year strategic plan and framework to enhance the implementation of the Convention (2008–2018),[5] through short-, medium- and long-term measures;", "3. Welcomes the outcomes of the tenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, and emphasizes the need to implement the decisions adopted at the session;", "4. Also welcomes the effort by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention to find lasting solutions with respect to the governance and institutional arrangements of the Global Mechanism, as a follow-up to various external assessments undertaken, including the 2009 report of the Joint Inspection Unit,[6] with a view to better servicing the Conference of the Parties;", "5. Recommends the strengthening of the advisory role of the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the Convention and the Committee on Science and Technology, through their recommendations, in order to monitor effectively the decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;", "6. Notes the continuing need for strengthening the scientific basis of the Convention and the decision of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its tenth session to establish an ad hoc working group, taking into consideration regional balance, to further discuss options for the provision of scientific advice focusing on desertification, land degradation and drought issues, taking into account the regional approach of the Convention; [7]", "7. Also notes the efforts under way for the development and implementation of scientifically based and sound methods for monitoring and assessing desertification;", "8. Invites the Global Environment Facility, in further enhancing resource allocation during future replenishments, to consider increasing allocations to the land degradation focal area, depending on the availability of resources;", "9. Notes the importance of the participation of civil society organizations and other stakeholders in the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties, as well as the involvement of these stakeholders in the implementation of the Convention and the ten-year strategic plan and framework to enhance the implementation of the Convention;", "10. Reaffirms its resolve to support and strengthen the implementation of the Convention, with a view to addressing causes of desertification, land degradation and drought, as well as poverty resulting from land degradation, through, inter alia, the mobilization of adequate and predictable financial resources, the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms and capacity-building;", "11. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "12. Reaffirms the continuation of the current institutional linkage and related administrative arrangements between the Convention secretariat and the United Nations Secretariat for a further five-year period, to be reviewed by both the General Assembly and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention no later than 31 December 2017, as decided by the Conference of the Parties at its tenth session;[8]", "13. Decides to include in the United Nations calendar of conferences and meetings for the biennium 2012–2013 the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies envisaged for the biennium and requests the Secretary-General to make provisions for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies when submitting the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2012–2013;", "14. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa”;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1954, No. 33480.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[4]  See A/66/291, sect. II.", "[5]  A/C.2/62/7, annex.", "[6]  See A/64/379.", "[7]  See ICCD/COP(10)/31/Add.1, decision 20/COP.10.", "[8]  Ibid., decision 32/COP.10." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.5)]", "66/201. Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/211 of 23 December 2003, 61/202 of 20 December 2006, 62/193 of 19 December 2007, 63/218 of 19 December 2008, 64/202 of 21 December 2009 and 65/160 of 20 December 2010 and other resolutions relating to the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa,", "Concerned about the negative economic impacts of desertification, land degradation and drought, and welcoming in this regard the convening of the second United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Scientific Conference on the theme “Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas” by March 2013,", "Concerned also by the increasing frequency and severity of sand and dust storms affecting arid and semi-arid regions and their negative impact on the environment and the economy,", "Noting the need for enhanced cooperation between the secretariats of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity, while respecting their respective mandates,", "Underlining the cross-sectoral nature of desertification, land degradation and drought mitigation, and in this regard inviting all relevant United Nations organizations, in cooperation with the secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, to support the effective response to these challenges,", "Expressing its deep appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Korea for hosting the tenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Changwon City from 10 to 21 October 2011,", "Taking note of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the theme “Addressing desertification, land degradation and drought in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication”, which emphasized the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification as a tool for, inter alia, achieving food security, poverty eradication and sustainable development, promoting the sustainable use of drylands and improving scientific processes to better understand desertification, land degradation and drought issues, and recognizing the overall work of the focal point and secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in organizing the high-level meeting,", "Recognizing the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 65/160 and the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa [4]", "2. Expresses deep concern at the critical situation in the Horn of Africa region, one of the worst droughts in history, and underlines that this situation underscores the need for the effective implementation of the Convention and its 10-year strategic plan and framework to enhance the implementation of the Convention (2008-2018) through short-, medium- and long-term measures;[5]", "Welcomes the outcome of the tenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, and stresses the need to implement the decisions adopted by the Conference;", "4. Also welcomes the efforts of the Parties to the Convention to find durable solutions to the governance and institutional arrangements of the Global Mechanism as a follow-up to the various external evaluations undertaken, including the 2009 report of the Joint Inspection Unit[6], in order to better service the Conference of the Parties;", "Recommends that the advisory role of the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the Convention and the Committee on Science and Technology through their recommendations be strengthened in order to effectively monitor the decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;", "6. Notes the continued need to strengthen the scientific base of the Convention, notes the decision of the Conference of the Parties at its tenth session to establish an ad hoc working group, taking into account regional balance, to further discuss options for providing scientific advice focused on desertification/land degradation and drought, taking into account regional approaches to the implementation of the Convention;[7]", "7. Also notes the ongoing efforts to develop and implement sound science-based approaches to the monitoring and assessment of desertification;", "8. Invites the Global Environment Facility to further improve the allocation of resources during future replenishments and to consider increasing allocations to the land degradation focal area, subject to the availability of funding;", "9. Notes the importance of the participation of civil society organizations and other stakeholders in the sessions of the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, and their participation in the 10-year strategic plan and framework to enhance the implementation of the Convention;", "10. Reaffirms its determination to support and strengthen the implementation of the Convention by addressing the root causes of desertification, land degradation and drought and poverty caused by land degradation, including through the mobilization of appropriate and predictable financial resources, the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms and capacity-building;", "11. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "12. Reaffirms that, in accordance with the decision of the Conference of the Parties at its tenth session, [8] the current institutional linkage and related administrative arrangements between the Convention secretariat and the United Nations Secretariat shall be extended for a further period of five years, to be reviewed by the General Assembly and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention no later than 31 December 2017;", "13. Decides to include in the calendar of conferences and meetings of the United Nations for the biennium 2012-2013 the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies envisaged for the biennium, and requests the Secretary-General to make provision for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies in the context of the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2012 - 2013;", "Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa”;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1954, No. 33480.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[4] See A/66/291, sect. II.", "[5] A/C.2/62/7, annex.", "[6] See A/64/379.", "[7] See ICCD/COP(10)/31/Add.1, decision 20/COP.10.", "[8] Ibid., decision 32/COP.10." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.6)通过]", "66/202. 生物多样性公约", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月21日第64/203号和2010年12月20日第65/161号决议以及关于《生物多样性公约》[1] 的以往其他各项决议，", "确认即将举行的联合国可持续发展会议的重要性，", "1. 表示注意到《生物多样性公约》执行秘书关于公约缔约方会议工作进展情况的报告；[2]", "2. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "3. 强调指出继续对生物多样性问题进行实质性审议的重要性；", "4. 赞赏地注意到印度政府提出主办于2012年10月8日至19日举行的《公约》缔约方会议第十一次会议和于2012年10月1日至5日举行的作为《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》缔约方会议的缔约方会议第六次会议;", "5. 邀请公约秘书处通过秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告缔约方会议的工作；", "6. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“生物多样性公约”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[2] A/66/291，第三节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.6)]", "66/202. Convention on Biological Diversity", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/203 of 21 December 2009 and 65/161 of 20 December 2010 and previous resolutions relating to the Convention on Biological Diversity,[1]", "Acknowledging the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity on the progress of work of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;[2]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the issue of biological diversity;", "4. Notes with appreciation the offer of the Government of India to host the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention from 8 to 19 October 2012, and the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety from 1 to 5 October 2012;", "5. Invites the secretariat of the Convention to report, through the Secretary-General, to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the work of the Conference of the Parties;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Convention on Biological Diversity”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[2]  A/66/291, sect. III." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.6)]", "66/202. Convention on Biological Diversity", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/203 of 21 December 2009 and 65/161 of 20 December 2010 and other previous resolutions on the Convention on Biological Diversity,", "Recognizing the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity on the progress of the work of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;[2]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Stresses the importance of continued substantive consideration of the issue of biodiversity;", "4. Notes with appreciation the offer of the Government of India to host the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, to be held from 8 to 19 October 2012, and the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, to be held from 1 to 5 October 2012;", "5. Invites the secretariat of the Convention to report, through the Secretary-General, to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the work of the Conference of the Parties;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Convention on Biological Diversity”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[2] A/66/291, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.7)通过]", "66/203. 联合国环境规划署理事会第二十六届会议的报告", "大会，", "回顾其1972年12月15日第2997(XXVII)号、1999年7月28日第53/242号、2000年12月20日第55/200号、2002年12月20日第57/251号、2009年12月21日第64/204号和2010年12月20日第65/162号决议，以及此前有关联合国环境规划署理事会/全球部长级环境论坛的其他决议，", "考虑到《21世纪议程》[1] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[2] ，", "重申《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》[3] 及其各项原则，", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[4]", "又回顾《巴厘技术支助和能力建设战略计划》，[5]", "重申决心依照1997年2月7日《关于联合国环境规划署的作用和任务的内罗毕宣言》[6] 和2010年2月26日《努沙杜瓦宣言》[7] 的规定加强联合国环境规划署的作用，", "肯定即将举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性，", "注意到2012年是联合国环境规划署成立40周年，", "1. 表示注意到联合国环境规划署理事会第二十六届会议的报告及其中所载决定；[8]", "2. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "3. 着重指出，必须继续对联合国环境规划署理事会的工作进行实质性审议；", "4. 重申仍然需要联合国环境规划署与会员国密切协商，进行最新、全面、具备科学公信力和政策相关性的全球环境评估，以支持各级决策进程，并在这方面注意到正在编写《全球环境展望》丛刊第五次报告及相关的决策者摘要，强调指出需要加强《全球环境展望》的政策相关性，为此除其他外提出加速实现国际商定目标的政策备选办法，并为讨论这些商定目标进展情况的全球和区域进程和会议，包括联合国可持续发展大会提供信息；", "5. 欢迎核准2012-2013年期间工作方案和预算；", "6. 重申联合国环境规划署需要有稳定、适足和可预测的财政资源，并根据第2997(XXVII)号决议着重指出，需要考虑在联合国经常预算中适当反映环境署的所有行政和管理费用；", "7. 表示注意到联合国环境规划署理事会2011年2月24日关于国际环境治理的第26/1号决定⁸ 和《内罗毕-赫尔辛基成果》；[9]", "8. 重申联合国环境规划署内罗毕总部地点的重要性，并请秘书长经常审查环境署和联合国内罗毕办事处的资源需要，以便能够有效地向环境署和设在内罗毕的其他联合国机关和组织提供必要服务；", "9. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“联合国环境规划署理事会第十二届特别会议的报告”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件二。", "[2] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[3] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] UNEP/GC.23/6/Add.1和Corr.1，附件。", "[6] 《大会正式记录，第五十二届会议，补编第25号》(A/52/25)，附件，第19/1号决定，附件。", "[7] 《第六十五届会议，补编第25号》(A/65/25)，附件一，SS.XI/9号决定。", "[8] 同上,《第六十六届会议，补编第25号》(A/66/25)。", "[9] UNEP/GC.26/18，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.7)]", "66/203. Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twenty-sixth session", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 2997 (XXVII) of 15 December 1972, 53/242 of 28 July 1999, 55/200 of 20 December 2000, 57/251 of 20 December 2002, 64/204 of 21 December 2009, 65/162 of 20 December 2010 and other previous resolutions relating to the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum of the United Nations Environment Programme,", "Taking into account Agenda 21[1] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[2]", "Reaffirming the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[3] and its principles,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[4]", "Recalling also the Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity-building,[5]", "Reaffirming its commitment to strengthening the role of the United Nations Environment Programme as set out in the Nairobi Declaration on the Role and Mandate of the United Nations Environment Programme of 7 February 1997[6] and in the Nusa Dua Declaration of 26 February 2010,[7]", "Acknowledging the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "Noting that 2012 marks the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations Environment Programme,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twenty-sixth session and the decisions contained therein;[8]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the work of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme;", "4. Reiterates the continuing need for the United Nations Environment Programme to conduct up-to-date, comprehensive, scientifically credible and policy-relevant global environment assessments, in close consultation with Member States, in order to support decision-making processes at all levels, and in this regard notes that the fifth report in the Global Environment Outlook series and its related summary for policymakers is currently under development, and stresses the need to enhance the policy relevance of the Outlook by, inter alia, identifying policy options to speed up the achievement of the internationally agreed goals and to inform global and regional processes and meetings where progress towards the agreed goals will be discussed, including the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development;", "5. Welcomes the approval of the programme of work and the budget for the period 2012–2013;", "6. Reiterates the need for stable, adequate and predictable financial resources for the United Nations Environment Programme, and, in accordance with resolution 2997 (XXVII), underlines the need to consider the adequate reflection of all the administrative and management costs of the Programme in the context of the United Nations regular budget;", "7. Takes note of United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council decision 26/1 of 24 February 2011 on international environmental governance,⁸ and of the Nairobi-Helsinki Outcome;[9]", "8. Reiterates the importance of the Nairobi headquarters location of the United Nations Environment Programme, and requests the Secretary-General to keep the resource needs of the Programme and the United Nations Office at Nairobi under review so as to permit the delivery, in an effective manner, of necessary services to the Programme and to the other United Nations organs and organizations in Nairobi;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, a sub-item entitled “Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twelfth special session”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[2]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[3]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  UNEP/GC.23/6/Add.1 and Corr.1, annex.", "[6]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-second Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/52/25), annex, decision 19/1, annex.", "[7]  Ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/65/25), annex I, decision SS.XI/9.", "[8]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/66/25).", "[9]  UNEP/GC.26/18, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.7)]", "66/203. Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twenty-sixth session", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 2997 (XXVII) of 15 December 1972, 53/242 of 28 July 1999, 55/200 of 20 December 2000, 57/251 of 20 December 2002, 64/204 of 21 December 2009 and 65/162 of 20 December 2010, as well as other previous resolutions concerning the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum of the United Nations Environment Programme,", "Taking into account Agenda 21 [1] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) [2],", "Reaffirming the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and its principles,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [4]", "Recalling also the Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity-building,[5]", "Reaffirming its determination to strengthen the role of the United Nations Environment Programme, as set out in the Nairobi Declaration on the Role and Mandate of the United Nations Environment Programme of 7 February 1997 [6] and the Nusa Dua Declaration of 26 February 2010,", "Affirming the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "Noting that 2012 marks the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations Environment Programme,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twenty-sixth session and the decisions contained therein;[8]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the work of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme;", "4. Reiterates the continuing need for the United Nations Environment Programme to conduct up-to-date, comprehensive, scientifically credible and policy-relevant global environmental assessments, in close consultation with Member States, to support decision-making processes at all levels, and in this regard notes the ongoing preparation of the fifth report in the Global Environment Outlook series and the related summary for policymakers, and stresses the need to strengthen the policy relevance of the Global Environment Outlook by, inter alia, identifying policy options to accelerate the achievement of the internationally agreed goals and informing global and regional processes and meetings, including the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, that discuss progress towards the agreed goals;", "5. Welcomes the approval of the programme of work and budget for the period 2012-2013;", "Reiterates the need for stable, adequate and predictable financial resources for the United Nations Environment Programme, and, in accordance with resolution 2997 (XXVII), stresses the need to consider the appropriate reflection of all administrative and management costs of the Programme in the context of the United Nations regular budget;", "7. Takes note of decision 26/1 of 24 February 2011 of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on international environmental governance8 and the Nairobi-Helsinki Outcome;[9]", "8. Reaffirms the importance of the Nairobi headquarters location of the United Nations Environment Programme, and requests the Secretary-General to keep the resource needs of the Programme and the United Nations Office at Nairobi under review so as to permit the delivery, in an effective manner, of necessary services to the Programme and to the other United Nations organs and organizations in Nairobi;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its twelfth special session”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[2] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[3] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] UNEP/GC.23/6/Add.1 and Corr.1, annex.", "[6] Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-second Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/52/25), annex, decision 19/1, annex.", "[7] Sixty-fifth session, Supplement No. 25 (A/65/25), annex I, decision SS.XI/9.", "[8] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/66/25).", "[9] UNEP/GC.26/18, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.8)通过]", "66/204. 与自然和谐相处", "大会，", "重申《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、[1] 《21世纪议程》、[2]《进一步执行〈21世纪议程〉方案》、[3]《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》[4] 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[5]", "回顾其关于与自然和谐相处的2009年12月21日第64/196号和2010年12月20日第65/164号决议，以及将4月22日定为国际地球母亲日的2009年4月22日第63/278号决议，", "又回顾1982年《世界大自然宪章》，[6]", "还回顾其题为“国际诺鲁孜节”的2010年2月23日第64/253号决议和题为“幸福：走全面发展之路”的2011年7月19日第65/309号决议，", "表示注意到2011年4月20日大会为纪念国际地球母亲日举行了关于与自然和谐相处的互动对话，讨论如何推动以综合办法实现与自然和谐的可持续发展，以及分享各国为衡量与自然和谐的可持续发展情况而制定标准和指标方面的经验，", "注意到2010年4月20日至22日由多民族玻利维亚国在科恰班巴主办了第一届气候变化和地球母亲权利人民世界会议，[7]", "确认拟于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会的重要性，", "关切有记载的环境退化以及人类活动对自然造成的负面影响，并认识到需要加强关于人类活动对生态系统影响的科学了解，", "认识到不能把国内生产总值作为衡量人类活动所致环境退化的指标，从可持续发展和这方面工作的角度看需要克服这一局限，", "又认识到可持续发展三大支柱的基本统计数据的提供情况参差不齐，需要提高其质量和数量，", "重申根本改变社会的生产和消费方式对于实现全球可持续发展必不可少；所有国家都应促进可持续消费和生产模式，由发达国家带头，使所有国家都能从这一进程中受益，同时考虑到各项里约原则，包括《环境与可持续发展宣言》原则7所述共同但有区别责任的原则，", "认识到许多古老文明和土著文化对人与自然之间和则两利的共生联系的了解源远流长，", "又认识到民间社会、学术界和科学家为表明地球生命岌岌可危而开展的工作及其为制订更可持续的生产和消费模式所作的努力，", "认为可持续发展是一个综合概念，需要加强不同知识分支的跨学科联系，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于与自然和谐相处的第二次报告；[8]", "2. 请大会主席在大会第六十六届会议定于2012年4月23日纪念国际地球母亲日期间召开的全体会议上，举行一次由会员国、联合国各组织、独立专家和其他利益攸关方参加的互动对话，讨论关于人类活动如何影响地球生态系统的科学结论；", "3. 请秘书长为独立专家参加定于2012年4月23日纪念国际地球母亲日期间召开的全体会议上举行的互动对话设立一个信托基金，并邀请会员国和其他相关利益攸关方考虑为该基金捐款；", "4. 又请秘书长继续利用由联合国可持续发展大会秘书处和联合国秘书处经济和社会事务部可持续发展司维持的现有可持续发展信息门户，收集有关目前为推进整合多学科科学工作而实施的推动以综合办法促进与自然和谐的可持续发展的构想和活动的信息和建言，包括利用传统知识的成功案例和现行国内立法，同时考虑到于2012年推出这样一个门户；", "5. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "6. 鼓励所有国家和联合国系统有关机构制订和加强可持续发展三大支柱基本统计数据的质量和数量，邀请国际社会和联合国系统相关机构通过提供能力建设和技术支持协助发展中国家作出努力；", "7. 邀请联合国系统相关实体酌情与其他有关行为体，包括与非政府组织、专家和学术界合作，找出新的办法和手段克服国内总产值在衡量可持续发展方面的局限，并更好地计量人类活动造成的环境退化；", "8. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提出关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物,出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] S-19/2号决议，附件。", "[4] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[5] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[6] 第37/7号决议，附件。", "[7] 见A/64/777,附件一和二。", "[8] A/66/302。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.8)]", "66/204. Harmony with Nature", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[1] Agenda 21,[2] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[3] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[4] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[5]", "Recalling its resolutions 64/196 of 21 December 2009 and 65/164 of 20 December 2010 on Harmony with Nature and its resolution 63/278 of 22 April 2009, by which it designated 22 April as International Mother Earth Day,", "Recalling also the 1982 World Charter for Nature,[6]", "Recalling further its resolution 64/253 of 23 February 2010, entitled “International Day of Nowruz”, and its resolution 65/309 of 19 July 2011, entitled “Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development”,", "Taking note of the interactive dialogue of the General Assembly on Harmony with Nature, which was held on 20 April 2011, to commemorate International Mother Earth Day by discussing ways to promote a holistic approach to sustainable development in harmony with nature and sharing national experiences on criteria and indicators for measuring sustainable development in harmony with nature,", "Noting the first Peoples’ World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, hosted by the Plurinational State of Bolivia in Cochabamba from 20 to 22 April 2010,[7]", "Acknowledging the importance of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012,", "Expressing concern about documented environmental degradation and the negative impact on nature resulting from human activity, and recognizing the need to strengthen scientific knowledge on the effects of human activities on ecosystems,", "Recognizing that gross domestic product was not designed as an indicator for measuring environmental degradation resulting from human activity and the need to overcome this limitation with regard to sustainable development and the work carried out in this regard,", "Recognizing also the uneven availability of statistical basic data under the three pillars of sustainable development and the need to improve their quality and quantity,", "Reaffirming that fundamental changes in the way societies produce and consume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development and that all countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed countries taking the lead and with all countries benefiting from the process, taking into account the Rio principles, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, as set out in principle 7 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,", "Recognizing that many ancient civilizations and indigenous cultures have a rich history of understanding the symbiotic connection between human beings and nature that fosters a mutually beneficial relationship,", "Recognizing also the work undertaken by civil society, academia and scientists in regard to signalling the precariousness of life on Earth, as well as their efforts to devise more sustainable models for production and consumption,", "Considering that sustainable development is a holistic concept that requires the strengthening of interdisciplinary linkages in the different branches of knowledge,", "1. Takes note of the second report of the Secretary-General on Harmony with Nature;[8]", "2. Requests the President of the General Assembly to convene, at the sixty-sixth session of the Assembly, an interactive dialogue, to be held at the plenary meetings to be convened during the commemoration of International Mother Earth Day on 23 April 2012, with the participation of Member States, United Nations organizations, independent experts and other stakeholders, to discuss the scientific findings on how human activities are affecting the Earth’s ecosystem;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to establish a trust fund for the participation of independent experts in the interactive dialogue to be held at the plenary meetings to be convened during the commemoration of International Mother Earth Day on 23 April 2012, and invites Member States and other relevant stakeholders to consider contributing to this fund;", "4. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue making use of the existing information portal on sustainable development maintained by the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and the Division for Sustainable Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat to gather information and contributions on ideas and activities to promote a holistic approach to sustainable development in harmony with nature being undertaken to advance the integration of scientific interdisciplinary work, including success stories on the use of traditional knowledge, and existing national legislation, taking into account that such a portal will be launched by 2012;", "5. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "6. Encourages all countries and the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to develop and strengthen the quality and quantity of basic statistical data on the three pillars of sustainable development, and invites the international community and the pertinent bodies of the United Nations system to assist the efforts of developing countries by providing capacity-building and technical support;", "7. Invites the relevant entities of the United Nations system to work with other relevant actors, including non-governmental organizations, experts and the academic community, as appropriate, both to identify new ways and means to overcome the limitations of gross domestic product with regard to sustainable development and to better measure the environmental degradation resulting from human activity;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Resolution S‑19/2, annex.", "[4]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6]  Resolution 37/7, annex.", "[7]  See A/64/777, annexes I and II.", "[8]  A/66/302." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.8)]", "66/204. Harmony with Nature", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[1] Agenda 21,[2] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[3] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development [4] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation),[5]", "Recalling its resolutions 64/196 of 21 December 2009 and 65/164 of 20 December 2010 on Harmony with Nature, and its resolution 63/278 of 22 April 2009, by which it designated 22 April as International Mother Earth Day,", "Recalling also the 1982 World Charter for Nature,[6]", "Recalling further its resolutions 64/253 of 23 February 2010, entitled “International Day of Nowruz”, and 65/309 of 19 July 2011, entitled “Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development”,", "Taking note of the interactive dialogue of the General Assembly on Harmony with Nature, held on 20 April 2011 in commemoration of International Mother Earth, on how to promote an integrated approach to sustainable development in harmony with nature and to share national experiences in developing criteria and indicators to measure sustainable development in harmony with nature,", "Noting that the Plurinational State of Bolivia hosted the first World Conference of Peoples on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth in Cochabamba from 20 to 22 April 2010,[7]", "Recognizing the importance of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012,", "Concerned about documented environmental degradation and the negative impact of human activities on nature, and recognizing the need to strengthen scientific understanding of the impacts of human activities on ecosystems,", "Recognizing that gross domestic product cannot be used as an indicator to measure environmental degradation resulting from human activities and that this limitation needs to be overcome from the perspective of sustainable development and work in this regard,", "Recognizing also the uneven availability of basic statistical data on the three pillars of sustainable development and the need to improve their quality and quantity,", "Reaffirming that fundamental changes in the way societies produce and consume are essential for achieving global sustainable development and that all countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with developed countries taking the lead, so that all countries can benefit from this process, taking into account the Rio principles, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, as set out in principle 7 of the Declaration on Environment and Sustainable Development,", "Recognizing that many ancient civilizations and indigenous cultures have a long history of understanding the symbiotic links between human beings and nature, and vice versa,", "Recognizing also the work of civil society, academia and scientists in demonstrating the precariousness of life on Earth and their efforts to develop more sustainable patterns of production and consumption,", "Considering that sustainable development is an integrated concept that requires the strengthening of interdisciplinary linkages between different branches of knowledge,", "1. Takes note of the second report of the Secretary-General on Harmony with Nature;[8]", "2. Requests the President of the General Assembly to convene an interactive dialogue, with the participation of Member States, United Nations organizations, independent experts and other stakeholders, at the plenary meeting of the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, to be held on 23 April 2012, in observance of International Mother Earth Day, to discuss scientific findings on how human activities affect the Earth ' s ecosystem;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to establish a trust fund for the participation of the independent expert in the interactive dialogue to be held at the plenary meeting to be held on 23 April 2012 in observance of International Mother Earth Day, and invites Member States and other relevant stakeholders to consider contributing to the fund;", "4. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to make use of the existing sustainable development information portal maintained by the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and the Division for Sustainable Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat to gather information and ideas on ideas and activities currently being implemented to advance the integration of interdisciplinary scientific work for an integrated approach to sustainable development in harmony with nature, including successful cases of the use of traditional knowledge and existing national legislation, taking into account the launch of such a portal in 2012;", "5. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "Encourages all countries and the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to develop and strengthen the quality and quantity of basic statistical data on the three pillars of sustainable development, and invites the international community and the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to assist developing countries in their efforts by providing capacity-building and technical support;", "7. Invites the relevant entities of the United Nations system, in cooperation with other relevant actors, including non-governmental organizations, experts and academia, as appropriate, to identify new ways and means to overcome the limitations of gross domestic product in measuring sustainable development and to better measure environmental degradation caused by human activities;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Resolution S-19/2, annex.", "[4] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[5] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[6] Resolution 37/7, annex.", "[7] See A/64/777, annexes I and II.", "[8] A/66/302." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.9)通过]", "66/205. 山区可持续发展", "大会，", "回顾其宣布2002年为国际山年的1998年11月10日第53/24号决议，在这方面注意到，2002年10月28日至11月1日在比什凯克举行的全球山区问题首脑会议的成果文件《比什凯克山区问题纲要》，[1]", "又回顾其2000年12月20日第55/189号、2002年12月20日第57/245号、2003年12月23日第58/216号、2004年12月22日第59/238号、2005年12月22日第60/198号、2007年12月19日第62/196号和2009年12月21日第64/205号决议，", "重申《21世纪议程》[2] 第13章以及《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[3] 的所有相关段落，特别是第42段，是山区可持续发展的总体政策框架，", "注意到在可持续发展问题世界首脑会议期间发起的有50个国家、16个政府间组织和113个主要群体组织坚决支持的山区可持续发展国际伙伴关系(“山区伙伴关系”)，这是多个利益攸关方参与的处理山区可持续发展各类相互关联问题的一个重要办法，", "又注意到2010年在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国珀斯举行的全球变化与世界山区问题会议、2011年在瑞士卢塞恩举行的卢塞恩世界山区问题会议，包括会议关于自1992年以来山区可持续发展进展情况的区域评估报告及其行动呼吁，以及2011年在加德满都举行的绿色经济和山区可持续发展国际会议，", "承认尽管在促进山区可持续发展方面取得了进展，但贫穷、粮食无保障、社会排斥和环境恶化的程度仍然很高，", "又承认即将举行的联合国可持续发展问题会议的重要性。", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[4]", "2. 赞赏地注意到世界各地越来越多的政府、组织、主要群体和个人认识到山区可持续发展对消除贫穷的重要性，并确认山区对全球的重要性，因为山区是地球大部分淡水的来源，是丰富生物多样性以及木材和矿物等其他自然资源的储存地，是一些可再生能源的供给地，是民众喜爱的休闲和旅游地，也是重要的文化多样性、知识和遗产地区，所有这些都带来积极的未计经济利益；", "3. 确认山区通过诸如生物多样性改变、高山冰川退缩以及影响世界主要淡水来源的季节性地表径流的变化等现象敏感地显示气候变化，强调指出需要采取行动，尽量减轻这些现象的负面影响和推动采取适应措施；", "4. 又确认山区可持续发展是世界许多区域实现千年发展目标的一个关键组成部分；", "5. 鼓励在《联合国气候变化框架公约》、[5] 《生物多样性公约》、[6] 《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》[7] 和联合国森林论坛框架内就气候变化、生物多样性和防治荒漠化问题举行的政府间讨论中更多地审议可持续山区发展问题；", "6. 关切地注意到在实现可持续发展、消除山区贫穷和保护山区生态系统方面仍然存在重要挑战，在任何国家，山区居民往往是最贫穷者；", "7. 鼓励各国政府在可持续发展战略中确定长期愿景和采取全面方法，并提倡统筹制订与山区可持续发展有关的政策；", "8. 又鼓励各国政府将山区可持续发展纳入国家、区域和全球决策及发展战略，包括将山区的特殊需要纳入可持续发展政策或制订特定的山区政策；", "9. 注意到对水等自然资源的需求越来越大，侵蚀、毁林及其他形式流域退化带来种种后果，自然灾害日益频繁且规模不断扩大，向外移民日增，工业、运输、旅游、采矿和农业造成各种压力，气候变化和生物多样性丧失造成各种后果，这些是按照《千年发展目标》在脆弱的山区生态系统实现山区可持续发展和消除贫穷过程中面临的一些重要挑战；", "10. 着重指出可持续森林管理、避免毁林和恢复山区已损毁和已退化的森林生态系统对促进山区发挥天然碳水调节系统的作用的重要性，注意到2011年国际山日的主题是“山区与森林”，以此作为对2011国际森林年活动的贡献；", "11. 注意到山区可持续农业对保护山区环境和促进区域经济的重要性，赞赏联合国粮食及农业组织通过其外地项目、规范制订活动和对各国际进程的支持，在联合国系统促进可持续农业发展以及森林及其对山区可持续发展的有益影响方面发挥的重要作用；", "12. 深切关注近年来自然灾难越来越多，规模不断扩大，影响日趋严重，已造成重大生命损失，对全世界，特别是山区，尤其是发展中国家的易受伤害社会造成长期不利的社会、经济和环境后果，并敦促国际社会采取具体步骤，支持各国和各区域为确保山区可持续发展作出努力，在这方面赞赏地注意到2011年10月国际滑坡协会组办、联合国粮食及农业组织主办的第二届世界滑坡论坛，以及山区伙伴关系秘书处和意大利都灵大学组办的山区可持续发展研究和培训国际方案山区灾害风险管理课程；", "13. 鼓励各国政府、国际社会和其他相关的利益攸关方制订或改进灾害风险管理战略，以应对包括冰川湖溃决在内的山洪爆发以及山体滑坡、泥石流和地震等山区灾害带来的日趋严重的不利影响；", "14. 促请各国政府酌情与科学界、山区社区和政府间组织协作，以促进山区可持续发展为目标，研究山区社区关切的具体问题，包括气候变化对山区环境和生物多样性的不利影响，以制订可持续的适应战略，然后采取适当措施，应付气候变化的不利影响；", "15. 着重指出国家一级的行动是在山区可持续发展方面取得进展的一个关键因素，欣见近年来这种行动稳步增加，开展了许多活动和举措，并邀请国际社会支持发展中国家努力在国家发展计划框架内制订和执行战略和方案，包括必要的扶持性政策和法律，以促进山区可持续发展；", "16. 鼓励酌情在国家和区域两级进一步建立各种委员会或类似的有多个利益攸关方参与的体制安排和机制，以加强部门间协调和协作，促进山区可持续发展；", "17. 又鼓励地方当局和其他相关的利益攸关方，特别是农村居民、土著人民、民间社会和私营部门，更多地参与制订和执行与山区可持续发展有关的方案、土地使用规划和土地保有安排及活动；", "18. 着重指出需要增进山区妇女获得土地等资源的机会，需要加强山区妇女在影响其社区、文化和环境的决策进程中的作用,鼓励各国政府和政府间组织在山区发展活动、方案和项目中纳入有关性别平等的内容，包括按性别划分的数据；", "19. 强调指出制订山区发展政策、方案和规划时必须充分考虑、尊重和增进包括医药领域的土著文化、传统和知识，并着重指出，必须促使山区社区充分参与对其有影响的决策，并把本地知识、遗产和价值观纳入所有发展举措；", "20. 赞赏地回顾《生物多样性公约》缔约方会议通过了山区生物多样性工作方案；[8]", "21. 邀请各国和其他利益攸关方通过确立多个利益攸关方参与的适当体制安排和机制，加大山区生物多样性工作方案的执行力度；", "22. 确认许多发展中国家和经济转型国家需要通过双边、多边和南南合作并通过其他协作办法，在制订和执行国家山区可持续发展战略和方案方面获得协助；", "23. 强调交流最佳做法、信息和适当无害环境技术对山区可持续发展的重要性，并鼓励会员国和相关组织这样做；", "24. 注意到，特别鉴于人们日益认识到山区对全球的重要性以及山区社区面临的严重赤贫、粮食无保障和困难，为山区可持续发展筹措资金日趋重要；在这方面邀请各国政府、联合国系统、国际金融机构、全球环境基金、联合国所有相关公约及其筹资机制在各自任务范围内以及民间社会和私营部门的所有利益攸关方，考虑向地方、国家和国际山区可持续发展方案和项目，特别是发展中国家的这些方案和项目提供支助，包括提供自愿捐款；", "25. 着重指出需要探索诸如公私伙伴关系、增加包括小额信贷和小额保险在内的小额融资机会、小额住房贷款、储蓄、教育和保健账户等各种供资来源，支持寻求建立中小企业的创业人士，并酌情逐案做出以债务换可持续发展的安排；", "26. 鼓励进一步发展可持续的农业价值链，并改善山区农民和农工企业进入和参与市场的机会，以便大幅增加农民收入，尤其是增加小农户和家庭农户的收入；", "27. 欢迎山区可持续旅游业举措正在做出越来越大的贡献，成为加强环境保护和为当地社区增加社会经济效益的一个手段，消费者的需求越来越投向负责任和可持续的旅游业；", "28. 注意到需要提高公众对山区不仅为高地社区、也为生活在低地地区的一大部分世界人口所提供的积极、未计的经济效益的认识，并着重指出，必须增强为人类福祉和经济活动提供基本资源和服务的生态系统的可持续能力，必须为保护生态系统开发创新融资手段；", "29. 确认山脉通常为若干国家共有，因此鼓励在有关国家同意的情况下采取跨境合作办法，以促进山脉可持续发展并交流这方面的信息；", "30. 在这方面赞赏地注意到《保护阿尔卑斯山脉公约》[9] 提倡以新的建设性办法实现阿尔卑斯山脉的综合可持续发展，包括为此缔结关于空间规划、山区耕作、自然和景观养护、山林、旅游、土壤保护、能源和运输的各项专题议定书，并赞赏地注意到《人口与文化宣言》、[10] 《阿尔卑斯山脉气候变化行动计划》、[11] 与涉及相关议题的其他公约机构的合作以及在山区伙伴关系框架内开展的活动；", "31. 又赞赏地注意到喀尔巴阡山脉区域七国通过并签署《保护喀尔巴阡山脉及其可持续发展框架公约》，[12] 为促进合作和多部门政策协调提供了框架，为制定可持续发展联合战略提供了平台，并为所有相关利益攸关方开展对话提供了论坛；", "32. 还赞赏地注意到国际山区综合发展中心开展工作，推动喜马拉雅兴都库什山脉区域八个成员国开展跨境合作，以推动采取行动和实行变革，克服山区人民的经济、社会和地理脆弱性；", "33. 赞赏地注意到联合国粮食及农业组织山区可持续农业和农村发展项目以及阿德尔博登集团的声明，在推动制定山区专项政策、有关体制和进程以及在提高山区积极的、未计经济效益方面作出的贡献；", "34. 强调指出在山区问题上必须开展能力建设、加强体制并改善高等教育和进修教育，以增加山区机会和鼓励包括青年在内的有技能者留在山区，又强调指出，在这方面必须推广教育和宣传方案，以便在各级推动山区可持续发展，提高人们对山区可持续发展问题以及高地和低地间关系性质的认识，并充分利用每年12月11日举办国际山日活动所带来的机会；", "35. 鼓励会员国按照相关标准通过系统监测，包括系统监测进展和变化趋势，酌情在地方、国家和区域各级收集与山区有关的分列科学数据，以支持多学科研究方案和项目，并改善决策和规划；", "36. 鼓励联合国系统所有相关实体在各自任务范围内进一步增强建设性努力，加强机构间协作，以期更有效地执行《21世纪议程》² 的相关各章，包括第13章，以及《约翰内斯堡执行计划》³ 第42段和其他相关段落，同时考虑到联合国系统，尤其是联合国粮食及农业组织、联合国环境规划署、联合国大学、联合国开发计划署、联合国教育、科学及文化组织和联合国儿童基金会、各国际金融机构和其他有关国际组织进一步参与的必要性；", "37. 确认山区伙伴关系依照经济及社会理事会2003年7月25日第2003/61号决议作出的努力，邀请国际社会和其他相关的利益攸关方，包括民间社会和私营部门，考虑积极参加山区伙伴关系，以提升其价值，并邀请山区伙伴关系秘书处向2013年可持续发展委员会第二十届会议提交报告，说明其开展的活动和取得的成绩，届时“山区”将列为修订的专题群组之一；", "38. 赞赏地注意到在这方面山区伙伴关系努力与《生物多样性公约》、⁶《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》、⁷《联合国气候变化框架公约》、⁵《国际减少灾害战略》等与山区有关的现有多边文书，以及《保护阿尔卑斯山脉公约》⁹ 和《保护喀尔巴阡山脉及其可持续发展框架公约》¹² 等与山区有关的区域文书开展合作；", "39. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议当前的筹备进程；", "40. 赞赏地注意到正在作出努力，改进诸如山区论坛、山区伙伴关系、山区研究倡议、国际山区协会、全球山区生物多样性评估方案、国际综合山区发展中心和安第斯生态区可持续发展联合会等与山区发展有关的机构和倡议之间的战略合作；", "41. 请秘书长在题为“可持续发展”的项目题为“山区可持续发展”的分项目下，向大会第六十八届会议提出关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/C.2/57/7,附件。", "[2] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》（联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正），决议1，附件二。", "[3] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》（联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正），第一章，决议2，附件。", "[4] A/66/294。", "[5] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[6] 同上，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[7] 同上，第1954卷，第33480号。", "[8] UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21,附件，第VII/27号决定。", "[9] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1917卷，第32724号。", "[10] 可查阅www.alpconv.org/theconvention/index_en。", "[11] 可查阅www.alpconv.org/climate/index_en。", "[12] 可查阅www.carpathianconvention.org/text。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.9)]", "66/205. Sustainable mountain development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 53/24 of 10 November 1998, by which it proclaimed 2002 the International Year of Mountains, and noting, in this regard, the Bishkek Mountain Platform,[1] the outcome document of the Global Mountain Summit, held in Bishkek from 28 October to 1 November 2002,", "Recalling also its resolutions 55/189 of 20 December 2000, 57/245 of 20 December 2002, 58/216 of 23 December 2003, 59/238 of 22 December 2004, 60/198 of 22 December 2005, 62/196 of 19 December 2007 and 64/205 of 21 December 2009,", "Reaffirming chapter 13 of Agenda 21[2] and all relevant paragraphs of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[3] in particular paragraph 42 thereof, as the overall policy frameworks for sustainable development in mountain regions,", "Noting the International Partnership for Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions (“Mountain Partnership”), launched during the World Summit on Sustainable Development, with benefits from the committed support of fifty countries, sixteen intergovernmental organizations and one hundred and thirteen organizations from major groups, as an important multi-stakeholder approach to addressing the various interrelated dimensions of sustainable development in mountain regions,", "Noting also the Global Change and the World’s Mountains Conference, held in Perth, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 2010, the Lucerne World Mountain Conference, held in Lucerne, Switzerland in 2011, and its regional assessment reports on progress in sustainable mountain development since 1992 and its Call for Action, and the International Conference on Green Economy and Sustainable Mountain Development, held in Kathmandu in 2011,", "Acknowledging that despite the progress that has been made in promoting sustainable development of mountain regions, poverty, food insecurity, social exclusion and environmental degradation are still high,", "Acknowledging also the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[4]", "2. Notes with appreciation that a growing network of Governments, organizations, major groups and individuals around the world recognize the importance of the sustainable development of mountain regions for poverty eradication, and recognizes the global importance of mountains as the source of most of the Earth’s freshwater, as repositories of rich biological diversity and other natural resources, including timber and minerals, as providers of some sources of renewable energy, as popular destinations for recreation and tourism and as areas of important cultural diversity, knowledge and heritage, all of which generate positive, unaccounted economic benefits;", "3. Recognizes that mountains provide sensitive indications of climate change through phenomena such as modifications of biological diversity, the retreat of mountain glaciers and changes in seasonal runoff that are having an impact on major sources of freshwater in the world, and stresses the need to undertake actions to minimize the negative effects of these phenomena and promote adaptation measures;", "4. Also recognizes that sustainable mountain development is a key component in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in many regions of the world;", "5. Encourages greater consideration of sustainable mountain development issues in intergovernmental discussions on climate change, biodiversity loss and combating desertification in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[5] the Convention on Biological Diversity,[6] the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa[7] and the United Nations Forum on Forests;", "6. Notes with concern that there remain key challenges to achieving sustainable development, eradicating poverty in mountain regions and protecting mountain ecosystems, and that populations in mountain regions are frequently among the poorest in a given country;", "7. Encourages Governments to adopt a long-term vision and holistic approaches in their sustainable development strategies, and to promote integrated approaches to policies related to sustainable development in mountain regions;", "8. Also encourages Governments to integrate mountain sustainable development in national, regional and global policymaking and development strategies, including through incorporating mountain-specific requirements in sustainable development policies or through specific mountain policies;", "9. Notes that the growing demand for natural resources, including water, the consequences of erosion, deforestation and watershed degradation, the frequency and scale of natural disasters, as well as increasing out-migration, the pressures of industry, transport, tourism, mining and agriculture and the consequences of climate change and loss of biodiversity are some of the key challenges in fragile mountain ecosystems to implementing sustainable development and eradicating poverty in mountain regions, consistent with the Millennium Development Goals;", "10. Underlines the importance of sustainable forest management, the avoidance of deforestation and the restoration of lost and degraded forest ecosystems of mountains in order to enhance the role of mountains as natural carbon and water regulators, and notes that International Mountain Day is devoted in 2011 to the theme “Mountains and forests”, as a contribution to the observance of the International Year of Forests, 2011;", "11. Notes that sustainable agriculture in mountain regions is important for the protection of the mountain environment and the promotion of the local economy, and appreciates the important role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the United Nations system in promoting sustainable agricultural development and forestry and its beneficial impact on sustainable mountain development through its field programme, normative activities and support to international processes;", "12. Expresses deep concern at the number and scale of natural disasters and their increasing impact in recent years, which have resulted in massive loss of life and long-term negative social, economic and environmental consequences for vulnerable societies throughout the world, in particular in mountain regions, especially those in developing countries, and urges the international community to take concrete steps to support national and regional efforts to ensure the sustainable development of mountains, and, in this regard, notes with appreciation the Second World Landslide Forum, which was organized by the International Consortium on Landslides and hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in October 2011, and the course on disaster risk management in mountain areas of the International Programme on Research and Training on Sustainable Management of Mountain Areas, organized by the Mountain Partnership Secretariat and the University of Turin, Italy;", "13. Encourages Governments, the international community and other relevant stakeholders to develop or improve disaster risk management strategies to cope with the increasing adverse impact of disasters in mountain regions, such as flash floods, including glacial lake outburst floods, as well as landslides, debris flows and earthquakes;", "14. Calls upon Governments, with the collaboration of the scientific community, mountain communities and intergovernmental organizations, where appropriate, to study, with a view to promoting sustainable mountain development, the specific concerns of mountain communities, including the adverse impact of climate change on mountain environments and biological diversity, in order to elaborate sustainable adaptation strategies and subsequently implement adequate measures to cope with the adverse effects of climate change;", "15. Underlines the fact that action at the national level is a key factor in achieving progress in sustainable mountain development, welcomes its steady increase in recent years with a multitude of events, activities and initiatives, and invites the international community to support the efforts of developing countries to develop and implement strategies and programmes, including, where required, enabling policies and laws for the sustainable development of mountains, within the framework of national development plans;", "16. Encourages the further establishment of committees or similar multi‑stakeholder institutional arrangements and mechanisms at the national and regional levels, where appropriate, to enhance intersectoral coordination and collaboration for sustainable development in mountain regions;", "17. Also encourages the increased involvement of local authorities, as well as other relevant stakeholders, in particular the rural population, indigenous peoples, civil society and the private sector, in the development and implementation of programmes, land-use planning and land tenure arrangements, and activities related to sustainable development in mountains;", "18. Underlines the need for improved access to resources, including land, for women in mountain regions, as well as the need to strengthen the role of women in mountain regions in decision-making processes that affect their communities, cultures and environments, and encourages Governments and intergovernmental organizations to integrate the gender dimension, including gender-disaggregated data, in mountain development activities, programmes and projects;", "19. Stresses that indigenous cultures, traditions and knowledge, including in the field of medicine, are to be fully considered, respected and promoted in development policy, programmes and planning in mountain regions, and underlines the importance of promoting the full participation and involvement of mountain communities in decisions that affect them and of integrating indigenous knowledge, heritage and values in all development initiatives;", "20. Recalls with appreciation the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity of a programme of work on mountain biological diversity;[8]", "21. Invites States and other stakeholders to strengthen implementation of the programme of work on mountain biological diversity, including through the establishment of appropriate multi-stakeholder institutional arrangements and an appropriate multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism;", "22. Recognizes that many developing countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, need to be assisted in the formulation and implementation of national strategies and programmes for sustainable mountain development, through bilateral, multilateral and South-South cooperation, as well as through other collaborative approaches;", "23. Emphasizes the importance of the exchange of best practices, information and appropriate environmentally sound technologies for sustainable mountain development, and encourages Member States and relevant organizations in this regard;", "24. Notes that funding for sustainable mountain development has become increasingly important, especially in view of the greater recognition of the global importance of mountains and the high levels of extreme poverty, food insecurity and hardship that mountain communities face, and, in this respect, invites Governments, the United Nations system, the international financial institutions, the Global Environment Facility, all relevant United Nations conventions and their funding mechanisms, within their respective mandates, and all relevant stakeholders from civil society and the private sector to consider providing support, including through voluntary financial contributions, to local, national and international programmes and projects for sustainable development in mountain regions, particularly in developing countries;", "25. Underlines the need to explore a wide range of funding sources, such as public-private partnerships, increased opportunities for microfinance, including microcredit and microinsurance, small housing loans, savings, education and health accounts, and support for entrepreneurs seeking to develop small and medium-sized businesses and, where appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, debt for sustainable development swaps;", "26. Encourages the further development of sustainable agricultural value chains and the improvement of access to and participation in markets for mountain farmers and agro-industry enterprises, with a view to substantially increasing the income of farmers, in particular smallholders and family farmers;", "27. Welcomes the growing contribution of sustainable tourism initiatives in mountain regions as a way to enhance environmental protection and socio-economic benefits to local communities, and the fact that consumer demand is increasingly moving towards responsible and sustainable tourism;", "28. Notes that public awareness needs to be raised with respect to the positive and unaccounted economic benefits that mountains provide not only to highland communities, but also to a large portion of the world’s population living in lowland areas, and underlines the importance of enhancing the sustainability of ecosystems that provide essential resources and services for human well-being and economic activity and of developing innovative means of financing for their protection;", "29. Recognizes that mountain ranges are usually shared among several countries, and in this context encourages transboundary cooperation approaches where the States concerned agree to the sustainable development of mountain ranges and information-sharing in this regard;", "30. Notes with appreciation, in this context, the Convention on the Protection of the Alps[9] which promotes constructive new approaches to the integrated, sustainable development of the Alps, including through its thematic protocols on spatial planning, mountain farming, conservation of nature and landscape, mountain forests, tourism, soil protection, energy and transport, as well as the Declaration on Population and Culture,[10] the Action Plan on Climate Change in the Alps,[11] cooperation with other convention bodies on relevant subjects and activities in the context of the Mountain Partnership;", "31. Also notes with appreciation the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians,[12] adopted and signed by the seven countries of the region to provide a framework for cooperation and multisectoral policy coordination, a platform for joint strategies for sustainable development and a forum for dialogue between all involved stakeholders;", "32. Further notes with appreciation the work of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, which promotes transboundary cooperation among the eight member countries of the Himalaya Hindu Kush to foster action and change for overcoming the economic, social and physical vulnerability of mountain peoples;", "33. Notes with appreciation the contribution of the Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountain Regions project of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the statement of the Adelboden Group in promoting specific policies, appropriate institutions and processes for mountain regions and the positive, unaccounted economic benefits they provide;", "34. Stresses the importance of building capacity, strengthening institutions and enhancing higher and continuing education on mountain issues in order to expand opportunities and encourage the retention of skilled people, including youth, in mountain areas, and stresses also the importance of promoting educational and advocacy programmes in order to foster sustainable mountain development at all levels, to enhance awareness of sustainable development issues in mountain regions and of the nature of relationships between highland and lowland areas and to take full advantage of the opportunities provided annually by International Mountain Day on 11 December in this regard;", "35. Encourages Member States to collect at the local, national and regional levels, as appropriate, disaggregated scientific data on mountain areas through systematic monitoring, including of trends in progress and change, based on relevant criteria, to support interdisciplinary research programmes and projects and to improve decision-making and planning;", "36. Encourages all relevant entities of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, to further enhance their constructive efforts to strengthen inter-agency collaboration to achieve more effective implementation of the relevant chapters of Agenda 21,² including chapter 13, and paragraph 42 and other relevant paragraphs of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,³ taking into account the need for the further involvement of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations University, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund, as well as international financial institutions and other relevant international organizations;", "37. Recognizes the efforts of the Mountain Partnership implemented in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 2003/61 of 25 July 2003, invites the international community and other relevant stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to consider participating actively in the Mountain Partnership to increase its value, and invites the Partnership secretariat to report on its activities and achievements to the Commission on Sustainable Development at its twentieth session, in 2013, at which “mountains” will be one of the thematic clusters to come under revision;", "38. Notes with appreciation, in this context, the efforts of the Mountain Partnership to cooperate with existing multilateral instruments relevant to mountains, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity,⁶ the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa,⁷ the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,⁵ the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and mountain-related regional instruments such as the Convention on the Protection of the Alps⁹ and the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians;¹²", "39. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "40. Notes with appreciation the ongoing efforts to improve strategic cooperation among the institutions and initiatives dealing with mountain development, such as the Mountain Forum, the Mountain Partnership, the Mountain Research Initiative, the International Mountain Society, the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development and the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion;", "41. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution under the sub‑item entitled “Sustainable mountain development” of the item entitled “Sustainable development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/C.2/57/7, annex.", "[2]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[3]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[4]  A/66/294.", "[5]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[6]  Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 1954, No. 33480.", "[8]  UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/27.", "[9]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1917, No. 32724.", "[10]  Available from www.alpconv.org/theconvention/index_en.", "[11]  Available from www.alpconv.org/climate/index_en.", "[12]  Available from www.carpathianconvention.org/text." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.9)]", "Sustainable mountain development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 53/224 of 10 November 1998 proclaiming 2002 as the International Year of Mountains, and in this regard, noting that the outcome document of the Global Summit on Mountains, held in Bishkek from 28 October to 1 November 2002, contained in the Bishkek Mountains Platform,", "Recalling also its resolutions 55/189 of 20 December 2000, 57/245 of 20 December 2002, 58/216 of 23 December 2003, 59/238 of 22 December 2004, 60/198 of 22 December 2005, 62/196 of 19 December 2007 and 20645 of 21 December 2009,", "Reaffirming chapter 13 of Agenda 21 [2] and all relevant paragraphs of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) [3], in particular paragraph 42, as the overall policy framework for sustainable mountain development,", "Noting that the International Partnership for Sustainable Development of Mountains, which was launched during the World Summit on Sustainable Development, with the strong support of 50 countries, 16 intergovernmental organizations and 113 major group organizations, is an important approach to addressing the interrelated aspects of sustainable development in mountainous areas, involving multiple stakeholders,", "Taking note also of the Global Conference on Change and World Mountains, held in Pers, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in 2010, the Conference on the World Mountains, held in Lusène, Switzerland, in 2011, including the regional assessment report on progress made in the sustainable development of mountainous regions since 1992, and the call for action, as well as the International Conference on the Sustainable Development of Green Economy and Mountains, held in Kathmandu, in 2011,", "Recognizing that, despite progress made in promoting sustainable mountain development, the extent to which poverty, food insecurity, social exclusion and environmental degradation remain high,", "Also recognize the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [4]", "Notes with appreciation the growing awareness among Governments, organizations, major groups and individuals around the world of the importance of sustainable development in mountain areas for poverty eradication, and recognizes the importance of mountainous regions for the global level, since mountainous areas are the largest source of fresh water for the planet, as well as storage sites for other natural resources, such as rich biodiversity and timber and minerals, as a source of renewable energy, and are popular-friendly recreational and tourist sites, as well as important cultural diversity, knowledge and inheritance areas, all of which have positive economic benefits;", "Recognizes that mountainous areas are sensitive to climate change through such phenomena as biodiversity change, high ice glaciers and changes that affect the seasonal surfaces of major freshwater sources worldwide, and stresses the need for action to minimize the negative impacts of these phenomena and to promote adaptation measures;", "Also recognizes that sustainable development in mountainous areas is a key component of the Millennium Development Goals in many parts of the world;", "Encourages greater consideration of sustainable mountain development issues in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity [5], the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa [7] and the intergovernmental discussions on climate change, biodiversity and combating desertification within the framework of the United Nations Forum on Forests;", "Notes with concern that important challenges remain in achieving sustainable development, eradicating mountain poverty and protecting mountain ecosystems, and that mountain populations are often the poorest in any country;", "Encourages Governments to identify long-term vision and adopt a comprehensive approach in their sustainable development strategies and to promote the integration of policies related to sustainable development in mountainous areas;", "Also encourages Governments to integrate sustainable mountain development into national, regional and global policymaking and development strategies, including by integrating the special needs of mountain regions into sustainable development policies or developing specific mountain policies;", "Notes the increasing demand for natural resources, such as water, the consequences of erosion, deforestation and other forms of watershed degradation, the increasing frequency and scale of natural disasters, the increasing pressure on external migrants, industrial, transport, tourism, mining and agriculture, and the consequences of climate change and biodiversity loss, which are important challenges facing the Millennium Development Goals in achieving sustainable development and poverty eradication in mountainous ecosystems;", "Stresses the importance of sustainable forest management, the avoidance of deforestation and the restoration of forest ecosystems that have destroyed and degraded mountain areas for the promotion of the natural carbon water management system in mountainous areas, and notes that the theme of the International Day of Mountains in 2011 is “Space and forests” as a contribution to the activities of the International Year of Forests in 2011;", "Notes the importance of sustainable agriculture in mountainous areas for the protection of the mountain environment and the promotion of the regional economy, and appreciates the important role played by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in promoting sustainable agricultural development in the United Nations system, as well as forests and their beneficial impact on sustainable development in mountainous areas, through its field projects, normative development activities and support for international processes;", "Expresses deep concern at the increasing natural disasters in recent years, which have affected the increasing scale and have resulted in significant loss of life, resulting in long-term adverse social, economic and environmental consequences for vulnerable societies worldwide, in particular in developing countries, and urges the international community to take concrete steps to support national and regional efforts to ensure sustainable development in mountainous areas, and, in this regard, notes with appreciation the organization of the International Association of Bloods in October 2011, the Second World Climate Change Forum hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the training courses on disaster risk management in mountainous areas organized by the Mountain Partnership secretariat and the Italian University of Turin;", "Encourages Governments, the international community and other relevant stakeholders to develop or improve disaster risk management strategies to address the increasing adverse impacts of mountain outbreaks, including the melting of Lake Cichuan Lake, as well as mountains, muds and earthquakes;", "Urges Governments to work with the scientific community, mountain communities and intergovernmental organizations, as appropriate, to promote sustainable development in mountainous areas and to study specific issues of concern to mountain communities, including the adverse impacts of climate change on mountain environments and biodiversity, with a view to developing sustainable adaptation strategies and then to take appropriate measures to address the adverse impacts of climate change;", "Stresses that action at the national level is a key factor in progress towards sustainable development in mountainous areas, and welcomes the steady increase in recent years and the many activities and initiatives undertaken, and invites the international community to support developing countries in their efforts to develop and implement strategies and programmes within the framework of national development plans, including the necessary enabling policies and laws to promote sustainable mountain development;", "Encourages further institutional arrangements and mechanisms, as appropriate, at the national and regional levels, with the participation of multiple stakeholders, to strengthen intersectoral coordination and collaboration and promote sustainable mountain development;", "Also encourages local authorities and other relevant stakeholders, in particular rural residents, indigenous peoples, civil society and the private sector, to participate more in the formulation and implementation of programmes, land-use planning and land tenure arrangements and activities related to sustainable mountain development;", "Stresses the need to enhance access to resources such as land for mountain women and to strengthen the role of mountain women in decision-making processes that affect their communities, cultures and environment, and encourages Governments and intergovernmental organizations to integrate gender-related aspects in mountain development activities, programmes and projects, including gender-disaggregated data;", "Stresses that development of mountain development policies, programmes and planning must be fully considered, respected and promoted indigenous cultures, traditions and knowledge, including in the area of medicine, and stresses the importance of enabling the communities of mountainous communities to participate fully in decision-making that affect them and to incorporate local knowledge, heritage and values into all development initiatives;", "Recalls with appreciation the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity of a programme of work on mountain biodiversity; [8]", "Invites States and other stakeholders to enhance the implementation of the programme of work on biodiversity in mountainous areas by establishing appropriate institutional arrangements and mechanisms for the participation of multiple stakeholders;", "Recognizes that many developing countries and countries with economies in transition need assistance in the formulation and implementation of national strategies and programmes for sustainable mountain development, through bilateral, multilateral and South-South cooperation and through other collaborative approaches;", "Emphasizes the importance of sharing best practices, information and appropriate environmentally sound technologies for sustainable mountain development and encourages Member States and relevant organizations to do so;", "Notes that, in particular, the growing recognition of the importance of mountainous regions to the global level and the severe extreme poverty, food insecurity and hardship faced by mountain communities are becoming increasingly important in financing sustainable development in mountainous areas; in this regard invites Governments, the United Nations system, international financial institutions, the Global Environment Facility, all relevant United Nations conventions and their financing mechanisms, within their respective mandates and all stakeholders in the private sector and the private sector, to consider supporting sustainable development programmes and projects, including through voluntary contributions;", "Stresses the need to explore various sources of funding, such as public-private partnerships, increased access to microfinance, including microcredit and micro-insurance, microfinance, savings, education and health accounts, to support the search for entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized enterprises and, where appropriate, arrangements for sustainable development, on a case-by-case basis;", "Encourages the further development of sustainable agricultural value chains and the improvement of access to and participation of mountain farmers and agro-industries in the market in order to significantly increase the income of farmers, in particular small farmers and households farmers;", "Welcomes the growing contribution being made by sustainable tourism initiatives in mountainous areas as a means of strengthening environmental protection and increasing socio-economic benefits for local communities, and the growing demand for consumers to be responsible and sustainable tourism;", "Notes the need to raise public awareness of the positive and unpredictable economic benefits of mountainous areas not only for the high-level community but also for a large part of the world's population living in lowland areas, and stresses the importance of enhancing the sustainability of ecosystems that provide basic resources and services for human well-being and economic activity, and the need to develop innovative financing instruments for ecosystem protection;", "Recognizes that mountains are usually shared among a number of States, and therefore encourages cross-border cooperation, with the consent of the States concerned, to promote sustainable mountain development and to share information thereon;", "Takes note with appreciation in this regard the Convention on the Protection of the Alps of Alpsies [9] for the promotion of comprehensive sustainable development through a new and constructive approach, including through the conclusion of thematic protocols on space planning, mountain farming, natural and landscape conservation, mountain forests, tourism, soil protection, energy and transport, and notes with appreciation the Declaration on Population and Culture, the Action Plan on Climate Change of the Alps, [10] the activities undertaken in the framework of the partnership for mountainous areas;", "Also notes with appreciation the adoption and signing of the Convention on the Protection of the Carpathian and its Framework for Sustainable Development by the Seven States of the Carpathian region, [12] providing a framework for promoting cooperation and multisectoral policy coordination, providing a platform for the development of a joint sustainable development strategy and providing a forum for dialogue among all relevant stakeholders;", "Also notes with appreciation the work of the International Centre for Integrated Development of Mountains in order to promote cross-border cooperation among eight member States in the regions of Himaakash in order to promote action and change and overcome the economic, social and geographical vulnerability of the people of mountainous regions;", "Notes with appreciation the sustainable agriculture and rural development projects of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in mountainous areas and the statements of the Adboden Group, and the contribution made in promoting the development of specific mountain policies, institutions and processes, as well as the positive and economic benefits of mountainous areas;", "Stresses the importance of building capacity, strengthening institutions and improving higher education and continuing education in mountain areas to increase mountain opportunities and encourage skilled persons, including young people, to remain in mountainous areas, and stresses in this regard the importance of promoting education and awareness programmes to promote sustainable development in mountain areas at all levels, raise awareness of the sustainable development of mountainous regions and the nature of highland and interland relations and take full advantage of the opportunities offered by the International Day of Mountains, held on 11 December each year;", "Encourages Member States to collect, where appropriate, disaggregated scientific data on mountain-related areas at the local, national and regional levels, to support multidisciplinary research and programmes and to improve decision-making and planning, in accordance with relevant standards;", "Encourages all relevant entities of the United Nations system to further strengthen, within their respective mandates, inter-agency collaboration with a view to implementing more effectively the relevant chapters of Agenda 21, including chapter 13, and paragraphs 42 and other relevant paragraphs of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,3 taking into account the need for further engagement by the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, international financial institutions and other relevant international organizations;", "Acknowledges the efforts of the Mountain Partnership, in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 2003/61 of 25 July 2003, invites the international community and other relevant stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to consider active participation in the Mountain Partnership in order to enhance its value, and invites the Mountain Partnership secretariat to report to the Commission on Sustainable Development at its twentieth session, in 2013, on its activities and achievements, when “territorial areas” will be one of the revised thematic groups;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts made in this regard by the Mountain Partnership to cooperate with the existing multilateral instruments relating to mountains, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the six United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the regional instruments related to mountains, such as the Convention for the Protection of the Alps of Alps,9 and the Convention on the Protection of the Carpathians and their Sustainable Development Framework;12", "Takes note of the current preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts being made to improve strategic cooperation among institutions and initiatives related to mountain development, such as the Mountain Forum, the Mountain Partnership, the Mountain Research Initiative, the International Mountain Association, the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment Programme, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development and the Andean Federation for Sustainable Development;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution under the sub-item entitled “Sustainable development”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "A/C.3/63/7, annex.", "[2] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[3] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[4] A/66/294.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[6] Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[7] Ibid., vol. 1954, No. 3480.", "[8] UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/27.", "[9] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1917, No. 32724.", "[10] Available from www.alpconv.org/theconvention/index_en.", "[11] Available from www.alpconv.org/climate/index_en.", "[12] Available from www.carpathianconvention.org/text." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/440/Add.10)通过]", "66/206. 推广新能源和可再生能源", "大会，", "回顾其1998年10月16日第53/7号、1999年12月22日第54/215号和2000年12月20日第55/205号决议，又回顾其关于推广新能源和可再生能源的2001年12月21日第56/200号、2003年12月23日第58/210号、2005年12月22日第60/199号、2007年12月19日第62/197号和2009年12月21日第64/206号决议,以及关于人人享有可持续能源国际年的2010年12月20日第65/151号决议，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[1]", "2. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "3. 欢迎各国政府和机构努力执行各项政策和方案，力图扩大新能源和可再生能源的使用,促进可持续发展，并认识到区域倡议、机构和区域经济委员会都参与支持各国特别是发展中国家和经济转型国家在这方面的努力；", "4. 请会员国及联合国系统和所有其他相关利益攸关方以人人享有可持续能源国际年为契机，使全球更加认识到新能源和可再生能源及低排放技术的重要性，必须更有效地利用能源，更多地依靠先进能源技术包括更清洁的矿物燃料技术，以及以无害环境的方式利用传统能源，推动提供现代、可靠、负担得起的可持续能源服务，并在这方面注意到秘书长“人人享有可持续能源”的倡议；", "5. 赞赏地注意到旨在鼓励使用新能源和可再生能源的区域和多边能源合作与整合机制和倡议，如加勒比石油组织替代能源筹资基金、中美洲整合与发展项目、加勒比可再生能源开发方案、非洲发展新伙伴关系能源举措、地中海太阳能计划、Energy+倡议、欧洲联盟消除贫穷与可持续发展能源倡议、促进非洲人人享有清洁能源的巴黎-内罗毕气候倡议、非洲-欧洲联盟能源伙伴关系、波罗的海区域能源合作、国际能源效率合作伙伴关系、美洲能源和气候伙伴关系、全球生物能源伙伴关系、国际可再生能源机构、清洁炉灶全球联盟、清洁能源部长级论坛和南美洲国家联盟能源战略等；", "6. 强调指出继续对推广新能源和可再生能源问题进行实质性审议的重要性；", "7. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况的报告；", "8. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“可持续发展”的项目下，列入题为“推广新能源和可再生能源”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/66/306。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.10)]", "66/206. Promotion of new and renewable sources of energy", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 53/7 of 16 October 1998, 54/215 of 22 December 1999 and 55/205 of 20 December 2000, and recalling also its resolutions 56/200 of 21 December 2001, 58/210 of 23 December 2003, 60/199 of 22 December 2005, 62/197 of 19 December 2007 and 64/206 of 21 December 2009 on the promotion of new and renewable sources of energy and its resolution 65/151 of 20 December 2010 on the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[1]", "2. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "3. Welcomes the efforts by Governments and institutions that have embarked on policies and programmes that seek to expand the use of new and renewable sources of energy for sustainable development, and recognizes the contributions of regional initiatives, institutions and regional economic commissions in supporting the efforts of countries, in particular developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in this respect;", "4. Invites Member States, as well as the United Nations system and all other relevant stakeholders, to use the opportunity offered by the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All to raise global awareness of the importance of new and renewable sources of energy and low-emission technologies, the more efficient use of energy, greater reliance on advanced energy technologies, including cleaner fossil fuel technologies, and the environment-friendly use of traditional energy resources, as well as the promotion of access to modern, reliable, affordable and sustainable energy services, and notes in this regard the initiative of the Secretary-General “Sustainable Energy for All”;", "5. Notes with appreciation regional and multilateral mechanisms and initiatives for energy cooperation and integration to encourage the use of new and renewable sources of energy, such as the PetroCaribe Alternative Energy Source Financing Fund, the Mesoamerican Integration and Development Project, the Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Programme, the energy initiative of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, the Mediterranean Solar Plan, Energy+, the European Union Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development, the Paris-Nairobi Climate Initiative on Clean Energy for All in Africa, the Africa-European Union Energy Partnership, the Baltic Sea Region Energy Cooperation, the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation, the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas, the Global Bioenergy Partnership, the International Renewable Energy Agency, the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, the Clean Energy Ministerial and the Union of South American Nations strategy on energy;", "6. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the issue of the promotion of new and renewable sources of energy;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Promotion of new and renewable sources of energy”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/306." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/440/Add.10)]", "Promotion of new and renewable sources of energy", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 53/27 of 16 October 1998, 54/215 of 22 December 1999 and 55/205 of 20 December 2000, and recalling further its resolutions 56/200 of 21 December 2001, 58/210 of 23 December 2003, 60/199 of 22 December 2005, 62/197 of 19 December 2007 and 64-206 of 21 December 2009 on the promotion of new and renewable sources of energy, and its resolutions 56/251 of 20 December 2010 on sustainable energy for all,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;", "Takes note of the ongoing preparatory process to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "Welcomes the efforts of Governments and institutions to implement policies and programmes aimed at expanding the use of new and renewable sources of energy for sustainable development, and recognizes the involvement of regional initiatives, institutions and regional economic commissions in supporting national efforts in this regard, in particular those with economies in transition;", "Requests Member States and all other relevant stakeholders in the United Nations system and all other relevant stakeholders to make the global awareness of the importance of new and renewable energy and low-emission technologies more effective use of energy, relying more on advanced energy technologies, including cleaner fossil fuel technologies, and promoting access to modern, reliable and affordable sustainable energy services in an environmentally sound manner, and, in this regard, takes note of the Secretary-General's initiative “Eliable energy for all”;", "Notes with appreciation the regional and multilateral energy cooperation and integration mechanisms and initiatives aimed at encouraging the use of new and renewable sources of energy, such as the Caribbean Petroleum Organization alternative energy financing fund, the Central American Integration and Development Project, the Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Initiative, the Mediterranean Plan, the Energy+ initiative, the European Union Initiative for the Eradication of Poverty and Sustainable Development, the Paris-Naclimatic initiative for the promotion of clean energy for all in Africa, the African-European Union Energy Partnership, the Baltic Regional Energy Partnership, the Inter-American Partnership for Energy and Climate Partnership, the Global Bioenergy Partnership, the Global Alliance for Cleaner Energy, and the South American Energy Strategy;", "Stresses the importance of continuing substantive deliberations on the promotion of new and renewable sources of energy;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, a sub-item entitled “Promoting new and renewable energy”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "Alain 06." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/441)通过]", "66/207. 联合国人类住区会议(人居二)成果的执行情况和加强联合国人类住区规划署(人居署)", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月20日第65/165号决议和以往关于联合国人类住区会议(人居二)成果的执行情况和加强联合国人类住区规划署(人居署)的所有其他决议，", "又回顾经济及社会理事会2011年7月27日第2011/21号决议和经社理事会以往关于人类住区的所有其他决议，", "还回顾《联合国千年宣言》[1] 和《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[2] 所载目标，即到2020年使至少一亿贫民窟居民的生活得到明显改善，以及《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[3] 所载目标，即到2015年使无法获得安全饮用水和缺乏环境卫生条件的人口比例减少一半，", "回顾《人居议程》、[4]《关于新千年中的城市和其他人类住区的宣言》、[5]《约翰内斯堡执行计划》和《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》，[6]", "关切尽管千年发展目标中关于到2020年使至少一亿贫民窟居民的生活得到明显改善的具体目标已经实现，但全世界贫民窟居民的人数仍在增加，", "表示注意到大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议的成果文件，[7] 特别是第77(k)段，国家元首和政府首脑们在该段中承诺要超越现有目标，努力建设无贫民窟的城市，途径是在国际社会的充分支持下减少贫民窟人口和改善贫民窟居民的生活，在所有利益攸关方的参与下优先安排国家城市规划战略，推动贫民窟居民平等获得公共服务，包括健康、教育、能源、水和环境卫生以及充足的住房，并推动可持续的城乡发展，以及鼓励人居署继续提供必要的技术援助，", "又表示注意到人居署理事会题为“旨在超越千年发展目标中的具体目标、改善贫民窟居民生活的全球和国家战略与框架”的2011年4月15日第23/9号决议，[8]", "认识到环境退化，包括气候变化、荒漠化和生物多样性丧失对人类住区造成的不利影响，", "赞赏地欢迎人居署在其任务规定范围内为实现紧急救济、恢复和重建之间成本效益更高的过渡做出重要贡献，并欢迎其加入机构间常设委员会，", "欢迎人居署在实施其2008-2013年中期战略和体制计划方面正在取得的进展，以及人居署作为非驻地机构为帮助方案国将《人居议程》纳入其各自发展框架的主流作出的努力，", "又欢迎意大利政府和那不勒斯市提出主办2012年9月1日至7日世界城市论坛第六届会议，", "认识到仍然需要向联合国生境和人类住区基金会提供适当和可预测的财政捐助，以确保及时、有效和切实在全球实施《人居议程》、《关于新千年中的城市和其他人类住区的宣言》以及国际商定的相关发展目标，", "表示注意到人居署理事会题为“联合国人类住区规划署在城市经济领域内的未来活动以及针对城市贫民的城市改造、住房与基本服务的供资机制等问题”的2011年4月15日第23/10号决议，⁸", "回顾其2009年12月21日第64/207号决议，其中大会注意到人居署理事会在其2009年4月3日第22/1号决议中提出的建议,审议了于2016年召开第三次联合国住房与可持续城市发展会议(人居三)的问题，请秘书长与理事会协作，就这一问题编写一份报告,供第六十六届会议审议，", "又回顾其第65/165号决议，其中鼓励秘书长与人居署理事会合作，并与《人居议程》所有伙伴进行讨论，考虑可否将“住房融资系统”和“可持续城市化”这两个主题纳入人居三筹备进程，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于协调一致执行《人居议程》情况的报告、[9] 关于联合国人类住区会议(人居二)成果的执行情况和加强联合国人类住区规划署(人居署)的报告，[10] 以及关于第三次联合国住房与可持续城市发展问题会议(人居三)的报告；[11]", "2. 决定按照二十年周期(1976年、1996年和2016年)在2016年召开第三次联合国住房与城市可持续发展会议(人居三)，以重振对可持续城市化的全球承诺，侧重执行在《人居议程》、⁴ 《关于新千年中的城市和其他人类住区的宣言》⁵ 和相关国际商定发展目标，包括《千年宣言》中的商定目标，¹ 《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》[12] 和《约翰内斯堡执行计划》³ 以及其他主要联合国会议和首脑会议成果基础上制订的“新城市议程”；", "3. 承认在这方面即将于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会很重要；", "4. 强调该会议及其筹备进程应充分利用已编入计划的会议，与人居署理事会第二十四届和第二十五届会议及世界城市论坛第六届和第七届会议协调一致，鼓励住房和城市发展问题部长级会议和其他相关专家组会议支持筹备进程各项活动，同时考虑到会议及其筹备进程应以最具有包容性、最切实有效和更好的方式实施；", "5. 决定在2012年底前以最切实有效的方式审议第三次联合国住房与可持续城市发展问题会议(人居三)的规模、方式、形式和安排；", "6. 邀请秘书长任命人居署执行主任为第三次联合国住房与可持续城市发展问题会议秘书长并担任联合国系统的协调人；", "7. 邀请各国政府、区域和地方当局按照国家立法，清点本国、本区域和城市地区的贫民窟人口，并在此基础上，在国际社会的支持下，按照人居署理事会第23/9号决议，⁸ 自愿制订到2020年实现极大改善贫民窟居民生活的实际可行的国家、区域和地方具体目标；", "8. 邀请人居署在其现有预算范围内，按照其2008-2013年中期战略和体制计划或其后的战略计划，向有意愿的各国政府及区域和地方当局提供技术和咨询援助，以评估其贫民窟居民的人数和趋势，制订2020年国家、区域和地方自愿达到的具体目标，制订国家、区域和地方防止贫民窟形成和贫民窟改造战略和计划，制订和执行贫民窟改造和住房方案并监测执行进展情况，定期向理事会和大会提交报告；", "9. 欢迎人居署在执行其2008-2013年中期战略和体制计划方面取得的进展，并表示注意到向人居署理事会第二十三届会议提交的该计划实施情况中期审查的结论；[13]", "10. 鼓励人居署与常驻代表委员会协商，继续以开放和透明的方式制订2014-2019年战略计划，为计划所涵盖的时期确定符合实际和可以实现的目标；", "11. 表示注意到执行主任关于联合国人类住区规划署治理审查的报告，[14] 并鼓励人居署与常驻代表委员会合作推进这一进程，以继续走提高透明度、加强问责制、提高效率和效益的道路；", "12. 注意到人居署理事会在第23/10号决议⁸ 中请执行主任借鉴试验性须偿还种子资金业务和贫民窟改造基金方案所获经验教训，将人居署在人类住区融资领域的工作重点转向加强其城市经济规范方法以及推动为服务城市贫民的城市改造、住房和基本服务融资，同时考虑到地域和区域平衡，以及要求与常驻代表委员会协商，尽快探索和甄选与发展融资机构建立合作伙伴关系的模式，用以今后在城市改造和住房融资部门开展借贷、担保和金融咨询服务；", "13. 再次鼓励人居署在其任务规定范围内，并按照2008-2013年中期战略和体制计划，继续开展与城市和气候变化有关问题方面的现有合作，并继续在联合国系统内与气候变化有关的问题上，特别是在应对城市气候变化脆弱性方面继续发挥补充作用，包括进一步开展规范制订工作，以城市弱势群体、贫民窟居民、城市穷人和高危群体为重点，扩大对城镇和城市为减少城市温室气体排放和适应气候变化而采取的地方行动的技术援助；", "14. 强调指出人居署必须及时采取行动应对自然灾害和人为灾难，特别是通过其规范制定和业务工作，努力满足灾后和冲突后住房和基础设施需求，作为从紧急救济到复原、到通过有效城市规划实现城市发展的连续作业的一部分；", "15. 重申支持传播和执行分别由人居署理事会2007年4月20日第21/3号决议[15] 和2009年4月3日第22/8号决议[16] 核可以及2011年4月15日第23/12号决议重申的关于权力下放和加强地方当局的准则以及关于人人享有基本服务的准则；", "16. 邀请国际捐助界和金融机构向人居署慷慨捐助，增加对联合国生境和人类住区基金会，包括对水和环卫信托基金和技术合作信托基金的自愿财政捐款，并邀请有能力的国家政府和其他利益攸关方提供可预测的多年期资金并增加不指定用途的捐款；", "17. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "18. 决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程中列入题为“联合国人类住区会议(人居二)成果的执行情况和加强联合国人类住区规划署(人居署)”的项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 见第60/1号决议。", "[3] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[4] 《联合国人类住区会议(人居二)的报告，1996年6月3日至14日，伊斯坦布尔》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.97.IV.6)，第一章，决议1，附件二。", "[5] S-25/2号决议，附件。", "[6] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[7] 见第65/1号决议。", "[8] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第8号》(A/66/8)，附件，B节。", "[9] 见A/66/326。", "[10] A/66/281。", "[11] A/66/282。", "[12] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[13] HSP/GC/23/5/Add.3。", "[14] HSP/GC/23/2/Add.1。", "[15] 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第8号》(A/62/8)，附件一，B节。", "[16] 同上，《第六十四届会议，补编第8号》(A/64/8)，附件一，B节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/441)]", "66/207. Implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/165 of 20 December 2010 and all other previous resolutions on the implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat),", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/21 of 27 July 2011 and all other previous resolutions of the Council on human settlements,", "Recalling further the goal contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration[1] and the 2005 World Summit Outcome[2] of achieving a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers by 2020 and the goal contained in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”)[3] to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people who lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation,", "Recalling the Habitat Agenda,[4] the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium,[5] the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation³ and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[6]", "Expressing concern about the continuing increase in the number of slum‑dwellers in the world, despite the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal target of achieving a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers by 2020,", "Taking note of the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[7] in particular paragraph 77 (k), in which Heads of State and Government committed themselves to working towards cities without slums, beyond current targets, by reducing slum populations and improving the lives of slum-dwellers, with adequate support of the international community, by prioritizing national urban planning strategies with the participation of all stakeholders, by promoting equal access for people living in slums to public services, including health, education, energy, water and sanitation and adequate shelter, and by promoting sustainable urban and rural development, and encouraging UN-Habitat to continue providing the necessary technical assistance,", "Taking note also of resolution 23/9 of 15 April 2011 of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat, entitled “Global and national strategies and frameworks for improving the lives of slum-dwellers beyond the Millennium Development Goals target”,[8]", "Recognizing the negative impacts of environmental degradation, including climate change, desertification and loss of biodiversity, on human settlements,", "Welcoming with appreciation the important contribution of UN-Habitat, within its mandate, to more cost-effective transitions between emergency relief, recovery and reconstruction, and also its participation in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee,", "Welcoming the progress being made by UN-Habitat in the implementation of its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008–2013 and its efforts, as a non-resident agency, in helping programme countries to mainstream the Habitat Agenda into their respective development frameworks,", "Welcoming also the offer of the Government of Italy and the city of Naples to host the sixth session of the World Urban Forum from 1 to 7 September 2012,", "Recognizing the continuing need for adequate and predictable financial contributions to the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation so as to ensure timely, effective and concrete global implementation of the Habitat Agenda, the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium and the relevant internationally agreed development goals,", "Taking note of resolution 23/10 of 15 April 2011 of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat, entitled “Future activities by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in urban economy and financial mechanisms for urban upgrading, housing and basic services for the urban poor”,⁸", "Recalling its resolution 64/207 of 21 December 2009, in which it took note of the recommendation made by the Governing Council of UN-Habitat in its resolution 22/1 of 3 April 2009 and, having considered the question of convening, in 2016, a third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III), requested the Secretary-General to prepare a report on that question, in collaboration with the Governing Council, for its consideration at its sixty-sixth session,", "Recalling also that, in its resolution 65/165, it encouraged the Secretary‑General, in consultation with the Governing Council of UN-Habitat and in discussion with all the partners of the Habitat Agenda, to consider the possibility of integrating the two themes of “housing finance systems” and “sustainable urbanization” into the preparatory process for Habitat III,", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the coordinated implementation of the Habitat Agenda,[9] on the implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)[10] and on the third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III);[11]", "2. Decides to convene in 2016, in line with the bi-decennial cycle (1976, 1996 and 2016), a third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III) to reinvigorate the global commitment to sustainable urbanization that should focus on the implementation of a “New Urban Agenda”, which should build on the Habitat Agenda,⁴ the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium⁵ and the relevant internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,¹ and the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[12] and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,³ and the outcomes of other major United Nations conferences and summits;", "3. Acknowledges, in this regard, the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "4. Emphasizes that the Conference and the preparatory process should take full advantage of planned meetings by aligning with the twenty-fourth and twenty‑fifth sessions of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat and with the sixth and seventh sessions of the World Urban Forum, and encourages the regular regional ministerial conferences on housing and urban development and other relevant expert group meetings to support the activities of the preparatory process, taking into account that the Conference and the preparatory process should be carried out in the most inclusive, efficient, effective and improved manner;", "5. Decides to consider before the end of 2012 the scope, modalities, format and organization of the third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III), in a most efficient and effective manner;", "6. Invites the Secretary-General to appoint the Executive Director of UN‑Habitat to serve as Secretary-General of the third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development and to act as focal point on behalf of the United Nations system;", "7. Invites Governments and regional and local authorities, in accordance with national legislation, to enumerate the populations living in slums in their countries, regions and urban areas and, on that basis, to set, with the support of the international community, voluntary and realistic national, regional and local targets, to be attained by 2020, with regard to improving significantly the lives of slum‑dwellers, in line with resolution 23/9 of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat;⁸", "8. Invites UN-Habitat to provide, within its current budget and in line with its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008–2013, or its subsequent strategic plan, technical and advisory assistance to Governments and regional and local authorities wishing to assess their slum population levels and trends, set voluntary national, regional and local 2020 targets, prepare national, regional and local slum prevention and upgrading strategies and plans, formulate and implement slum upgrading and housing programmes and monitor the progress of implementation, and to report periodically to the Governing Council and the General Assembly;", "9. Welcomes the progress made by UN-Habitat in the implementation of its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008–2013, and takes note of the conclusions of the midterm review of the implementation of the plan submitted to the Governing Council of UN-Habitat at its twenty-third session;[13]", "10. Encourages UN-Habitat to continue to work on the strategic plan for 2014–2019 in consultation with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, in an open and transparent manner, setting realistic and achievable goals for the period it covers;", "11. Takes note of the report of the Executive Director on the review of the governance structure of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme,[14] and encourages UN-Habitat to move this process forward, in cooperation with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, in order to continue on its path towards the improvement of its transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness;", "12. Notes the request made by the Governing Council of UN-Habitat in its resolution 23/10⁸ that the Executive Director, in building on the lessons learned from the experimental reimbursable seeding operations and slum upgrading facility programmes, shift the focus of the work of UN-Habitat in the area of human settlements financing towards strengthening its normative approaches to urban economy and the promotion of finance for urban upgrading, housing and basic services for the urban poor, while taking into account geographical and regional balance, as well as the request to explore as expeditiously as possible and to select, in consultation with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, a partnership model with development finance institutions for future lending, guarantee and financial advisory services in the urban upgrading and housing finance sectors;", "13. Reiterates its encouragement to UN-Habitat to continue, within its mandate and in line with its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008–2013, its existing cooperation on issues related to cities and climate change and to continue to play a complementary role in matters related to climate change within the United Nations system, in particular in addressing the vulnerability of cities to climate change, including through further normative work and expansion of its technical assistance to towns and cities on local action for the mitigation of urban-based greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change, with a focus on vulnerable urban populations, slum-dwellers, the urban poor and at-risk populations;", "14. Stresses the importance of timely action by UN-Habitat in response to natural and human-made disasters, in particular through its work in addressing post‑disaster and post-conflict housing and infrastructure needs through its normative and operational work as part of the continuum from emergency relief to recovery and to urban development through effective urban planning;", "15. Reiterates its support for the dissemination and implementation of the guidelines on decentralization and strengthening of local authorities and the guidelines on access to basic services for all, approved by the Governing Council of UN-Habitat in its resolutions 21/3 of 20 April 2007[15] and 22/8 of 3 April 2009,[16] respectively, and reaffirmed by the Governing Council in its resolution 23/12 of 15 April 2011;⁸", "16. Invites the international donor community and financial institutions to contribute generously to UN-Habitat through increased voluntary financial contributions to the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation, including the Water and Sanitation Trust Fund and the technical cooperation trust funds, and invites Governments in a position to do so and other stakeholders to provide predictable multi-year funding and increased non-earmarked contributions;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "18. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  See resolution 60/1.", "[3]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[4]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), Istanbul, 3–14 June 1996 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.IV.6), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[5]  Resolution S‑25/2, annex.", "[6]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7]  See resolution 65/1.", "[8]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/66/8), annex, sect. B.", "[9]  See A/66/326.", "[10]  A/66/281.", "[11]  A/66/282.", "[12]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[13]  HSP/GC/23/5/Add.3.", "[14]  HSP/GC/23/2/Add.1.", "[15]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/62/8), annex I, sect. B.", "[16]  Ibid., Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/64/8), annex I, sect. B." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/441)]", "Implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/265 of 20 December 2010 and previous resolutions on the implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening all other resolutions of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat),", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/21 of 27 July 2011 and all other previous Council resolutions on human settlements,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration, as well as the goals contained in the 2005 World Summit Outcome [2], to make a visible improvement in the lives of at least one million slum dwellers by 2020, and the goals contained in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) [3], to reduce by half the proportion of people who have no access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015,", "Recalling the Habitat Agenda, the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation [5] and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, [6]", "Concerned that the number of slum-dwellers worldwide is still increasing, despite the fact that the Millennium Development Goals target for a tangible improvement in the lives of at least one billion slum-dwellers by 2020 has been achieved,", "Taking note of the outcome of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, paragraph [7], in particular paragraph 77 (k), in which Heads of State and Government committed themselves to moving beyond the existing goals and to work towards the establishment of slum-free cities, through reducing slum populations and improving the lives of slum-dwellers with the full support of the international community, prioritizing national urban planning strategies, with the participation of all stakeholders, to promote equitable access to public services for slum-dwellers, including health, education, energy, water and sanitation, and adequate housing, and to promote sustainable rural and urban development, and to encourage UN-Habitat to continue to provide the necessary technical assistance,", "Taking note also of resolution 23/9 of 15 April 2011 of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat entitled “Global and national strategies and frameworks aimed at moving beyond the Millennium Development Goals”,", "Recognizing the adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including climate change, desertification and biodiversity loss on human settlements,", "Welcoming with appreciation the important contribution of UN-Habitat in achieving a more cost-effective transition between emergency relief, recovery and reconstruction, within its mandate, and welcoming its accession to the Inter-Agency Standing Committee,", "Welcoming the progress being made by UN-Habitat in implementing its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008-2013 and the efforts of UN-Habitat as a non-resident agency to help programme countries mainstream the Habitat Agenda in their respective development frameworks,", "Welcoming also the offer made by the Government of Italy and the city of Naples to host the sixth session of the World Urban Forum from 1 to 7 September 2012,", "Recognizing the continuing need for adequate and predictable financial contributions to the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation to ensure timely, effective and effective global implementation of the Habitat Agenda, the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium and the internationally agreed development goals,", "Taking note of resolution 23/10 of 15 April 2011 of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat entitled “The future activities of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in the field of urban economy and the funding mechanism for urban slum-dwellers”,8", "Recalling its resolution 64/207 of 21 December 2009, in which the General Assembly took note of the recommendations made by the Governing Council of UN-Habitat in its resolution 22/1 of 3 April 2009, and considered the question of convening the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in 2016, and requested the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the Council, to prepare a report on this issue for consideration at its sixty-sixth session,", "Recalling also its resolution 63/265, in which it encouraged the Secretary-General, in cooperation with the Governing Council of UN-Habitat and in discussions with all Habitat Agenda partners, to consider the possibility of integrating the two themes of the Housing Financing System and “Sustainable urbanization” into the Habitat III preparatory process,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the coordinated implementation of the Habitat Agenda, [9] report on the implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and the strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), [10] and the third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III); [11]", "Decides to convene, in 2016, the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Urban Sustainable Development (Habitat III) in accordance with the 20-year cycle (1976, 1996 and 2016) in order to revitalize global commitments for sustainable urbanization, with a focus on the implementation of the Habitat Agenda,4 the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium,5 and the relevant internationally agreed development goals, including the goals agreed in the Millennium Declaration,1 the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development [the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development] 12] and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation3 and the “New Urban Agenda” developed on the basis of the outcomes of other major United Nations conferences and summits;", "Acknowledges the importance of the forthcoming conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012.", "Emphasizes that the Conference and its preparatory process shall take full advantage of the planned meetings, in coordination with the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth sessions of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat and the sixth and seventh sessions of the World Urban Forum, and encourages the Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development and other relevant expert group meetings to support the activities of the preparatory process, taking into account that the Conference and its preparatory processes should be implemented in the most inclusive, effective and better manner;", "Decides to consider the scale, modalities, format and arrangements of the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in the most effective manner by the end of 2012;", "Invites the Secretary-General to appoint the Executive Director of UN-Habitat as the Secretary-General of the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development and as the focal point of the United Nations system;", "Invites Governments, regional and local authorities, in accordance with national legislation, to identify slum-dwellers in their countries, regions and urban areas, and, on that basis, to develop voluntary national, regional and local targets to achieve tangible improvements in the lives of slum-dwellers by 2020, with the support of the international community;", "Invites UN-Habitat, within its existing budget, to provide technical and advisory assistance to willing Governments and regional and local authorities, in accordance with their medium-term strategic and institutional plan for 2008-2013, in order to assess the number and trends of their slum dwellers, to develop targets to be achieved voluntarily by the State, regional and local levels in 2020, to develop national, regional and local strategies and plans for slum-preval and slum upgrading, develop and implement slum upgrading and housing programmes and monitor progress in implementation, to report regularly to the Council and the General Assembly;", "Welcomes the progress made by UN-Habitat in the implementation of its medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008-2013, and takes note of the conclusions of the midterm review of implementation of the plan submitted to the Governing Council of UN-Habitat at its twenty-third session; [13]", "Encourages UN-Habitat, in consultation with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, to continue to develop, in an open and transparent manner, a strategic plan for the period 2014-2019, in order to identify realistic and achievable goals for the period covered by the plan;", "Takes note of the report of the Executive Director on the review of governance in the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, [14] and encourages UN-Habitat to work with the Committee of Permanent Representatives to advance this process in order to continue to pursue the path of transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness;", "Takes note of the request of the Governing Council of UN-Habitat, in its resolution 23/10,8 to request the Executive Director to explore, as soon as possible, modalities for the establishment of partnerships between UN-Habitat in the area of human settlements financing, with a focus on strengthening its urban economic norms and promoting urban adaptation, housing and basic services to the urban poor, taking into account geographic and regional balance, and requests, in consultation with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, for the exploration and selection of and development finance institutions, for future borrowing, security and financial services in the urban rehabilitation and housing financing sectors;", "Reiterates its encouragement to UN-Habitat, within its mandate and in accordance with the medium-term strategic and institutional plan for the period 2008-2013, to continue to pursue existing cooperation on urban and climate change-related issues and to continue to play a complementary role in addressing climate change vulnerabilities in the United Nations system, in particular in addressing urban climate change vulnerabilities, including through further normative development efforts to focus on urban vulnerable groups, slum-dwellers, urban poor and high-risk groups, and to expand technical assistance for local action to reduce urban greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change;", "Stresses the importance of timely action by UN-Habitat to address natural disasters and man-made disasters, in particular through its normative development and operational work, in order to meet post-disaster and post-conflict housing and infrastructure needs as part of continuous operations to achieve urban development through emergency relief and recovery;", "Reaffirms its support for the dissemination and implementation of the guidelines on decentralization and strengthening of local authorities and on basic services for all, as reaffirmed in resolution 21/3 of 20 April 2007 [15] and resolution 22/8 of 3 April 2009, and resolution 23/12 of 15 April 2011;", "Invites the international donor community and financial institutions to contribute generously to UN-Habitat by increasing voluntary financial contributions to the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation, including the Water and Sanitation Trust Fund and the Technical Cooperation Trust Fund, and invites Governments and other stakeholders in a position to do so to provide predictable multi-year funding and increase unearmarked contributions;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See resolution 55/2.", "[2] See resolution 60/1.", "[3] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[4] Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), Istanbul, 3-14 June 1996 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.IV.6), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[5] S-25/2, annex.", "[6] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[7] See resolution 63/2.", "[8] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/64/8), annex, sect.", "[9] See Alain26.", "[10] A/66/281.", "[11] A/66/282.", "[12] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "HSP/GC/23/5/Add.3.", "[14] HSP/GC/23/2/Add.1.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/62/8), annex I, sect.", "Ibid., Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 8 (A/64/8), annex I, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/442)通过]", "66/208. 文化与发展", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "回顾其关于文化与发展的1986年12月8日第41/187号、1991年12月19日第46/158号、1996年12月16日第51/179号、1997年12月18日第52/197号、1998年12月15日第53/184号、2000年12月20日第55/192号、2002年12月20日第57/249号和2010年12月20日第65/166号决议，", "又回顾联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会于2001年11月2日通过了《世界文化多样性宣言》[1] 及其实施《行动计划》, [2] 并回顾《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》[3] 以及该组织肯定文化多样性对社会和经济发展重要作用的其他国际公约， 欣见教科文组织第三十六届大会纪念《世界文化多样性宣言》十周年；", "认识到文化是人类发展的一个基本组成部分，是个人和社区特性、创新和创造力的源泉，也是社会包容和消除贫穷的一个重要因素，有助于推动经济增长和自我掌控发展进程，", "确认文化多样性是人类丰富多样性的源泉，也是推动地方社区、人民和国家可持续发展，使其有能力在发展举措中发挥积极而独特作用的重要推动力量，", "回顾《北京宣言和行动纲要》[4] 对妇女在文化领域担任决策职位人数偏低，有碍妇女在文化和发展领域发挥重要影响所表达的关切，", "又回顾促进各种形式的民族文化、艺术创造以及国际和区域文化合作的重要性，在这方面重申加强国家努力以及区域和国际合作机制对文化行动和艺术创造的现实意义；", "认识到文化多样性与生物多样性之间的联系，以及地方和土著传统知识在可持续应对环境挑战方面的积极贡献，", "满意地注意到大会在其题为“履行诺言：团结一致实现千年发展目标”的2010年9月22日第65/1号决议中强调文化对发展的重要性及其对实现千年发展目标的贡献，为此鼓励为实现各项发展目标在文化领域开展国际合作，", "表示注意到秘书长转递联合国教育、科学及文化组织报告的说明，[5]在这方面承认联合国各机构为充分发挥文化对可持续发展的推动作用而作出的努力，", "确认即将举行的联合国可持续发展会议的重要性，", "1. 强调文化对实现可持续发展和国家发展目标以及国际商定的发展目标包括千年发展目标的重要贡献；", "2. 确认文化有助于发展人民的创新和创造能力，是经济和社会生活现代化和创新的重要组成部分；", "3. 邀请所有会员国、政府间机构、联合国系统各组织、相关非政府组织和所有其他利益攸关方：", "(a) 提高公众对文化多样性对可持续发展重要性的认识，通过教育和利用传媒工具宣传文化的积极价值；", "(b) 确保更加醒目、更加有效地把文化纳入各级社会、环境和经济发展政策和战略并使之主流化；", "(c) 酌情推动各级能力建设，以便建设一个富有活力的文化和创作部门，为此特别鼓励创作、创新和创业，支持发展文化机构和文化产业、对文化专业人员开展技术和职业培训，并扩大文化和创作部门的就业机会，以促进持续、包容和公平的经济增长和发展；", "(d) 考虑到文化生产和消费范围的不断扩大，并就《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》³ 缔约国而言，考虑到该公约的各项规定，积极支持兴办地方文化产品和服务市场，并为这种产品和服务有效、合法进入国际市场创造便利；", "(e) 促使妇女进一步与男子一起积极参与文化决策并开展各项活动，以推动增强妇女权能和倡导有利于平等的态度和文化理念；", "(f) 维护和保留地方和土著传统知识以及社区在环境管理方面的做法，这些知识和做法都是宝贵的例子，证明文化是促进可持续发展的工具，并促进现代科学技术与地方土著知识、实践和创新的协同增效作用；", "(g) 提高全球对文化多样性与生物多样性之间联系的认识，包括保护和鼓励按传统文化做法，以传统习惯方式利用生物资源，并将此作为实现可持续发展综合方法的一个关键要素；", "(h) 依照国家立法和相关国际法律框架，支持有关保护和维护文化遗产和文化财产、[6] 打击非法贩运文化财产和归还文化财产 [7] 的国家法律框架和政策，包括为此推动国际合作，以防止盗用文化遗产和文化产品，同时确认知识产权对于鼓励文化创作人员持续进行创作的重要性；", "（i) 注意到在实现这些目标时，创新融资机制可在协助发展中国家稳定、可预测和自愿地调集更多发展资源方面做出积极贡献，重申这种自愿机制应该：切实有效，力求调集稳定和可预测的资源，补充而非取代传统供资来源，根据发展中国家的优先目标支付，而且不给这些国家造成过重的负担；", "4. 鼓励所有会员国、政府间机构、联合国系统各组织、相关非政府组织和所有其他相关利益攸关方加强国际合作，支持发展中国家为发展和巩固文化产业、文化旅游业和小型文化企业作出的努力，帮助这些国家发展必要的基础设施和技能，掌握信息和通信技术，并按照相互商定的条件获得新技术；", "5. 邀请联合国系统各组织，特别是联合国教育、科学及文化组织考虑到大会相关决议，继续提供支持和融资便利，并在会员国提出请求时，协助它们发展本国的能力，就如何最充分发挥文化对发展的推动作用进行评估，包括为此共享信息、交流最佳做法、收集数据、进行各种研究和采用适当评价指标，并落实各项有关的国际文化公约；", "6. 邀请联合国教育、科学及文化组织和联合国其他相关机构通过编纂量化数据，包括各种指标和统计数据，继续评估文化对实现可持续发展的贡献，酌情为发展政策和有关报告提供资讯；", "7. 请秘书长确保联合国国家工作队在协助各国实现发展目标时，与相关国家当局协商，继续进一步将文化纳入其方案编制工作，特别是纳入联合国发展援助框架并使之主流化；", "8. 鼓励所有会员国、政府间机构、联合国系统各组织、有关非政府组织和所有其他相关利益攸关方在制订国家、区域和国际发展政策和国际合作文书时，考虑到文化对实现可持续发展的贡献；", "9. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提出一份关于本决议执行情况的进度报告，并与联合国有关基金、方案和联合国发展系统各专门机构，特别是联合国教育、科学及文化组织和联合国开发计划署协商，评估各项措施的可行性，包括可否举行一次联合国会议，以审查文化对发展的贡献和制订文化与发展综合办法；在这方面，表示注意到经济及社会理事会定于2013年举行的主题为“科学、技术和创新用于促进可持续发展和实现千年发展目标以及发挥文化在这方面的潜力”的年度部长级审查；", "10. 鼓励会员国在文化对实现发展的贡献方面与秘书长交流信息和经验教训，以此推动实现联合国发展议程，包括千年发展目标；", "11. 决定在大会第六十八届会议临时议程题为“全球化和相互依存”的项目下，列入题为“文化与发展”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第三十一届会议，2001年10月15日至11月3日，巴黎》，第1卷和更正:《决议》，第五章，决议25，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] 同上，《第三十三届会议， 2005年10月3日至21日，巴黎》，第1卷和更正，《决议》，第五章，决议41。", "[4] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[5] A/66/187。", "[6] 按照《关于禁止和防止非法进出口文化财产和非法转让其所有权的方法的公约》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第823卷，第11806号)第一条的定义。", "[7] 根据《关于禁止和防止非法进出口文化财产和非法转让其所有权的方法的公约》的规定(联合国，《条约汇编》，第823卷，第11806号)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/442)]", "66/208. Culture and development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/187 of 8 December 1986, 46/158 of 19 December 1991, 51/179 of 16 December 1996, 52/197 of 18 December 1997, 53/184 of 15 December 1998, 55/192 of 20 December 2000, 57/249 of 20 December 2002, and 65/166 of 20 December 2010, concerning culture and development,", "Recalling also the adoption by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity[1] and the Action Plan for its implementation,[2] on 2 November 2001, and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions,[3] as well as other international conventions of that organization that acknowledge the important role of cultural diversity for social and economic development, and welcoming the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity at the thirty-sixth session of the General Conference,", "Recognizing that culture is an essential component of human development, represents a source of identity, innovation and creativity for the individual and the community and is an important factor in social inclusion and poverty eradication, providing for economic growth and ownership of development processes,", "Acknowledging that cultural diversity is a source of enrichment for humankind and an important contributor to the sustainable development of local communities, peoples and nations, empowering them to play an active and unique role in development initiatives,", "Recalling the concerns expressed in the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action[4] on the underrepresentation of women in decision-making positions in the area of culture, which has prevented women from having a significant impact in the area of culture and development,", "Recalling also the importance of the promotion of national cultures, artistic creation in all its forms and international and regional cultural cooperation, and reaffirming in this regard the relevance of strengthening national efforts and regional and international cooperation mechanisms for cultural action and artistic creation,", "Recognizing the linkages between cultural and biological diversity and the positive contribution of local and indigenous traditional knowledge in addressing environmental challenges in a sustainable manner,", "Noting with satisfaction that, in its resolution 65/1 of 22 September 2010, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”, the General Assembly emphasized the importance of culture for development and its contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and, in that respect, encouraged international cooperation in the cultural field, aimed at achieving development objectives,", "Taking note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report prepared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,[5] and, in this regard, acknowledging the work undertaken by United Nations agencies to optimize the contributions of culture to sustainable development,", "Acknowledging the importance of the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "1. Emphasizes the important contribution of culture to the achievement of sustainable development and of national development objectives and internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "2. Recognizes that culture contributes to the development of innovative creative capacities in people and is an important component of modernization and innovations in economic and social life;", "3. Invites all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other relevant stakeholders:", "(a) To raise public awareness of the importance of cultural diversity for sustainable development, promoting its positive value through education and media tools;", "(b) To ensure a more visible and effective integration and mainstreaming of culture into social, environmental and economic development policies and strategies at all levels;", "(c) To promote capacity-building, where appropriate, at all levels for the development of a dynamic cultural and creative sector, in particular by encouraging creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship, supporting the development of cultural institutions and cultural industries, providing technical and vocational training for culture professionals and increasing employment opportunities in the cultural and creative sector for sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and development;", "(d) To actively support the emergence of local markets for cultural goods and services and to facilitate the effective and licit access of such goods and services to international markets, taking into account the expanding range of cultural production and consumption and, for States parties to it, the provisions of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions;³", "(e) To enhance women’s active share in cultural decision-making with men and to undertake activities that promote women’s empowerment and the perception of attitudes and a culture favourable to equality;", "(f) To preserve and maintain local and indigenous traditional knowledge and community practices of environmental management, which are valuable examples of culture as a vehicle for sustainable development, and to foster synergies between modern science and technology and local and indigenous knowledge, practices and innovation;", "(g) To promote global awareness of the linkages between cultural and biological diversity, including through the protection and encouragement of the customary use of biological resources, in accordance with traditional cultural practices, as a key element of a comprehensive approach to sustainable development;", "(h) To support national legal frameworks and policies for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage and cultural property,[6] the fight against illicit trafficking in cultural property and the return of cultural property,[7] in accordance with national legislation and applicable international legal frameworks, including by promoting international cooperation to prevent the misappropriation of cultural heritage and products, recognizing the importance of intellectual property rights in sustaining those involved in cultural creativity;", "(i) To note that, in achieving these objectives, innovative mechanisms of financing can make a positive contribution in assisting developing countries in mobilizing additional resources for development on a stable, predictable and voluntary basis, and to reiterate that such voluntary mechanisms should be effective, should aim to mobilize resources that are stable and predictable, should supplement and not be a substitute for traditional sources of financing, should be disbursed in accordance with the priorities of developing countries and should not unduly burden such countries;", "4. Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other relevant stakeholders to enhance international cooperation in supporting the efforts of developing countries for the development and consolidation of cultural industries, cultural tourism and culture-related microenterprises and to assist those countries in developing the necessary infrastructure and skills, as well as in mastering information and communications technologies and in gaining access to new technologies on mutually agreed terms;", "5. Invites the organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to continue to provide support, to facilitate financing and to assist Member States, upon their request, in developing their national capacities to assess how best to optimize the contribution of culture to development, including through information-sharing, exchange of best practices, data collection, research and study, and the use of appropriate evaluation indicators, as well as to implement applicable international cultural conventions, taking into account the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "6. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and other relevant United Nations bodies to continue to assess the contribution of culture to the achievement of sustainable development through the compilation of quantitative data, including indicators and statistics, with a view to informing development policies and relevant reports, where appropriate;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that United Nations country teams continue to further integrate and mainstream culture into their programming exercises, in particular United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks, in consultation with relevant national authorities, when assisting countries in the pursuit of their development objectives;", "8. Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other relevant stakeholders to take into consideration the contribution of culture to the achievement of development in the formulation of national, regional and international development policies and international cooperation instruments;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a progress report on the implementation of the present resolution and to assess, in consultation with relevant United Nations funds and programmes and specialized agencies of the United Nations development system, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Development Programme, the feasibility of various measures, including a possible United Nations conference, to take stock of the contribution of culture to development and to formulate a consolidated approach to culture and development and, in this context, takes note of the annual ministerial review on the theme “Science, technology and innovation, and the potential of culture, for promoting sustainable development and achieving the Millennium Development Goals” to be held by the Economic and Social Council in 2013;", "10. Encourages Member States to share with the Secretary-General information and lessons learned on the contribution of culture to the achievement of development as a contribution to the United Nations development agenda, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "11. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence”, a sub-item entitled “Culture and development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  Ibid., Thirty-third Session, Paris, 3–21 October 2005, vol. 1 and corrigenda, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 41.", "[4]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[5]  A/66/187.", "[6]  As defined in article 1 of the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 823, No. 11806).", "[7]  In line with the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 823, No. 11806).." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/442)]", "Culture and development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/187 of 8 December 1986, 46/158 of 19 December 1991, 51/179 of 16 December 1996, 52/197 of 18 December 1997, 53/184 of 15 December 1998, 55/192 of 20 December 2000, 57/249 of 20 December 2002 and 63/266 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 2 November 2001 of the World Declaration on Cultural Diversity and its implementation of the Plan of Action, [2] and recalling the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Diversity in Cultural Expressions [3] and other international conventions that the organization recognizes the important role of cultural diversity in social and economic development, and welcoming the tenth anniversary of the Declaration on World Cultural Diversity at its thirty-sixth session;", "Recognizing that culture is an essential component of human development, a source of personal and community identity, innovation and creativity, as well as an important element of social inclusion and poverty eradication, contributing to the promotion of economic growth and self- ownership of development processes,", "Recognizing that cultural diversity is a source of rich diversity for humanity and an important driving force for the promotion of sustainable development of local communities, people and countries to enable them to play an active and unique role in development initiatives,", "Recalling the concerns expressed in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action [4] regarding the low number of women in decision-making positions in the field of culture, which hinder women's important impact in the area of culture and development,", "Recalling also the importance of promoting various forms of national culture, artistic creation and international and regional cultural cooperation, and in this regard reiterates the relevance of national efforts and regional and international cooperation mechanisms for cultural action and art;", "Recognizing the link between cultural diversity and biodiversity and the positive contribution of local and indigenous traditional knowledge to sustainable environmental challenges,", "Noting with satisfaction that the General Assembly, in its resolution 63/2 of 22 September 2010, entitled “Towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in solidarity”, emphasized the importance of culture for development and its contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and, in that regard, encouraged international cooperation in the field of culture for the achievement of development goals,", "Taking note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [5], in this regard, recognizing the efforts of United Nations agencies to play a full role in promoting sustainable development,", "Recognizing the importance of the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,", "Emphasizes the important contribution of culture to achieving sustainable development and national development goals and the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Recognizes that culture contributes to the development of the innovative and creative capacities of the people and is an important component of modernization and innovation of economic and social life;", "Invites all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other stakeholders:", "(a) Raise public awareness of the importance of cultural diversity for sustainable development and promote the positive values of culture through education and the use of media tools;", "(b) Ensure that culture is more visible and effective in mainstreaming policies and strategies for social, environmental and economic development at all levels;", "(c) Promote capacity-building at all levels, as appropriate, in order to build a dynamic cultural and creative sector, in particular by encouraging creative, innovative and entrepreneurship, supporting the development of cultural institutions and cultural industries, technical and vocational training for cultural professionals and expanding employment opportunities in the cultural and creative sectors to promote sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and development;", "(d) Taking into account the growing scope of production and consumption of culture and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Diversity in Cultural Expressions3 For its part, taking into account the provisions of the Convention, States parties actively support local cultural products and services markets and create facilities for their effective and legitimate access to international markets;", "(e) Promote the further active participation of women in cultural decision-making and activities with men to promote women's empowerment and promote attitudes and cultural ideas that favour equality;", "(f) Maintain and retain local and indigenous traditional knowledge and community practices in environmental management, which are valuable examples of promoting culture as a tool for sustainable development and promoting synergies between modern science and technology and local indigenous knowledge, practices and innovation;", "(g) Raising global awareness of the linkages between cultural diversity and biodiversity, including the protection and encouragement of traditional cultural practices to use biological resources in traditional practices and as a key element of a comprehensive approach to sustainable development;", "(h) Support national legal frameworks and policies related to the protection and maintenance of cultural heritage and cultural property, [6] combating illicit trafficking in cultural property and the return of cultural property [7], in accordance with national legislation and relevant international legal frameworks, including by promoting international cooperation in order to prevent theft of cultural heritage and cultural products, while recognizing the importance of intellectual property rights in encouraging cultural creators to sustain their creation;", "(i) Noting that, in achieving these objectives, the innovative financing mechanism could make a positive contribution to the stabilization, predictability and voluntary mobilization of additional development resources by developing countries, reaffirming that such voluntary mechanisms should: Effectively and effectively, efforts to mobilize stable and predictable resources, complementing rather than replacing traditional sources of funding, paying on the basis of the priorities of developing countries and do not impose a heavy burden on them;", "Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other relevant stakeholders to strengthen international cooperation in support of the efforts of developing countries to develop and consolidate cultural industries, cultural tourism and small cultural enterprises in order to help them develop the necessary infrastructure and skills, acquire information and communications technology and acquire new technologies in accordance with mutually agreed conditions;", "Invites the organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to continue to provide support and financing facilities, and, at the request of Member States, to assist them in developing their national capacities to assess how best to play a cultural contribution to development, including by sharing information, sharing best practices, data collection, conducting research and adopting appropriate evaluation indicators, and implementing relevant international cultural conventions;", "Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and other relevant bodies of the United Nations to continue to assess the contribution of culture to sustainable development through the compilation of quantitative data, including indicators and statistics, and to provide information, as appropriate, for development policies and related reports;", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the United Nations country team, in assisting countries in the achievement of development goals, continues to integrate culture into its programming, in particular in the United Nations Development Assistance Framework and mainstreaming it, in consultation with relevant national authorities;", "Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental bodies, organizations of the United Nations system, relevant non-governmental organizations and all other relevant stakeholders to take into account the contribution of culture to sustainable development when developing national, regional and international development policies and instruments of international cooperation;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a progress report on the implementation of the present resolution and, in consultation with the relevant funds, programmes and the specialized agencies of the United Nations development system, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Development Programme, to assess the feasibility of measures, including the possibility of holding a United Nations conference to review the contribution of culture to development and to develop a comprehensive approach to culture and development, and, in this regard, takes note of the annual ministerial review of the theme to be held by the Economic and Social Council in 2013, “Susing science, technology and innovation for sustainable development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and the potential in this regard”;", "Encourages Member States to exchange information and lessons learned with the Secretary-General on the contribution of culture to development, thereby contributing to the achievement of the United Nations development agenda, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence”, a sub-item entitled “Climate and development”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October-3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum: Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] Ibid., Thirty-third Session, Paris, 3-21 October 2005, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 41.", "[4] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[5] A/66/187.", "[6] In accordance with article 1 of the Convention on the Prohibition and Prevention of Unlawful Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 823, No. 11806).", "[7] In accordance with the provisions of the Convention on the Prohibition and Prevention of Unlawful Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 823, No. 11806)." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/442)通过]", "66/209. 通过加强最高审计机关提高公共行政的效率、问责、效益和透明度", "大会，", "回顾经济及社会理事会2011年4月26日第2011/2号决议，", "又回顾其2004年12月2日第59/55号和2005年11月30日第60/34号决议及其以往关于公共行政和发展的各项决议，", "还回顾《联合国千年宣言》，[1]", "强调需要改进公共行政的效率、问责、效益和透明度，", "又强调高效率、负责任、有效益和透明的公共行政对落实包括千年发展目标在内的各项国际商定发展目标具有关键作用，", "强调指出需要进行能力建设，以此作为促进发展的工具，并欢迎最高审计机关国际组织在这方面与联合国合作，", "1. 确认最高审计机关唯有独立于受审计实体并免受外部影响，才能客观地完成其任务；", "2. 又确认最高审计机关在提高公共行政的效率、问责、效益和透明度方面可发挥重要作用，有利于实现各项国家发展目标和优先事项以及国际商定发展目标，包括千年发展目标；", "3. 赞赏地注意到最高审计机关国际组织在推动提高效率、问责、效益、透明度以及切实有效地接收和利用公共资源造福人民方面所开展的工作；", "4. 还赞赏地注意到1977年《关于审计规则指南的利马宣言》[2] 和2007年《关于最高审计机关独立性的墨西哥宣言》，[3] 并鼓励会员国以符合本国体制结构的方式采用这些宣言所载各项原则；", "5. 鼓励会员国和有关联合国机构继续并强化在能力建设等方面同最高审计机关国际组织的合作，以便促进善治，通过加强最高审计机关确保效率、问责、效益和透明度。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 由最高审计机关国际组织1977年10月17日至26日在利马举行的第九次大会通过。", "[3] 由最高审计机关国际组织2007年11月5日至10日在墨西哥城举行的第十九次大会通过。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/442)]", "66/209. Promoting the efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency of public administration by strengthening supreme audit institutions", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/2 of 26 April 2011,", "Recalling also its resolutions 59/55 of 2 December 2004 and 60/34 of 30 November 2005 and its previous resolutions on public administration and development,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[1]", "Emphasizing the need to improve the efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency of public administration,", "Emphasizing also that efficient, accountable, effective and transparent public administration has a key role to play in the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Stressing the need for capacity-building as a tool to promote development, and welcoming the cooperation of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions with the United Nations in this regard,", "1. Recognizes that supreme audit institutions can accomplish their tasks objectively and effectively only if they are independent of the audited entity and are protected against outside influence;", "2. Also recognizes the important role of supreme audit institutions in promoting the efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency of public administration, which is conducive to the achievement of national development objectives and priorities as well as the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "3. Takes note with appreciation of the work of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions in promoting greater efficiency, accountability, effectiveness, transparency and efficient and effective receipt and use of public resources for the benefit of citizens;", "4. Also takes note with appreciation of the Lima Declaration of Guidelines on Auditing Precepts of 1977[2] and the Mexico Declaration on Supreme Audit Institutions Independence of 2007,[3] and encourages Member States to apply, in a manner consistent with their national institutional structures, the principles set out in those Declarations;", "5. Encourages Member States and relevant United Nations institutions to continue and to intensify their cooperation, including in capacity-building, with the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions in order to promote good governance by ensuring efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency through strengthened supreme audit institutions.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  Adopted by the Ninth Congress of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, Lima, 17–26 October 1977.", "[3]  Adopted by the Nineteenth Congress of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, Mexico City, 5–10 November 2007." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/442)]", "Enhanced efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency in public administration by strengthening the highest audit body", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/2 of 26 April 2011,", "Recalling also its resolutions 59/555 of 2 December 2004 and 60/34 of 30 November 2005 and its previous resolutions on public administration and development,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration, including the United Nations Millennium Declaration,", "Emphasizing the need to improve the efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency of public administration,", "Stressing also the crucial role of efficient, responsible, effective and transparent public administration in the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Stressing the need for capacity-building as a tool for development, and welcoming the cooperation of the highest audit bodies with the United Nations in this regard,", "Recognizes that the highest auditing authority can objectively complete its mandate by independent of the audited entity and from external effects;", "Also recognizes the important role that the highest audit bodies can play in enhancing efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency in public administration and contribute to the achievement of national development goals and priorities and the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Notes with appreciation the work of the highest audit body international organizations in promoting efficiency, accountability, effectiveness, transparency and effective access to and use of public resources for the benefit of the people;", "Also notes with appreciation the Lima Declaration of 1977 on the Guidance on Audit Rules and the Mexico Declaration of 2007 on the Independence of the Supreme Audit Bodies, [3] and encourages Member States to apply the principles contained in those declarations in a manner consistent with their institutional structure;", "Encourages Member States and relevant United Nations bodies to continue and strengthen their cooperation with international organizations of the highest audit bodies in the areas of capacity-building in order to promote good governance and to ensure efficiency, accountability, effectiveness and transparency through strengthening the highest audit bodies.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See resolution 55/2.", "[2] The 9th General Assembly, held in Lima from 17 to 26 October 1977 by the International Organization of the Supreme Audit Institutions.", "[3] The Nineteenth Congress, held in Mexico City from 5 to 10 November 2007." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/442/Add.1)通过]", "66/210. 联合国在全球化和相互依存的背景下促进发展的作用", "大会，", "回顾其关于联合国在全球化和相互依存背景下促进发展的作用的2007年12月19日第62/199号、2008年12月19日第63/222号、2009年12月21日第64/210号和2010年12月20日第65/168号决议，", "重申联合国可在推动国际发展合作和促进全球发展问题的政策协调方面发挥核心作用，包括在全球化和相互依存背景下发挥这种作用，", "认识到全球化和相互依存意味着，一国的经济表现日益受到地理边界之外各种因素的影响，要公平地实现全球化惠益的最大化，就必须通过加强全球发展伙伴关系制定解决全球化问题的办法，以实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，", "重申坚决支持公平并具包容性的全球化，必须将增长转化为减贫，在这方面，重申决心使包括妇女和青年的充分生产性就业和人人均有体面工作的目标，成为国家和国际相关政策以及包括减贫战略在内的国家发展战略的核心目标，以此作为实现千年发展目标工作的一项努力，", "深切关注当前世界金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，认识到全球经济正在进入一个富有挑战性的新阶段，面临严重下行风险，其中包括全球金融和商品市场动荡不已以及财政状况普遍紧张，危及全球经济复苏，着重指出需要继续处理体制弱点和失衡问题，并需要继续努力改革和加强国际金融体制，", "表示注意到秘书长题为“全球化和相互依存：以持续、包容和公平的经济增长推动公平和更加公正的普惠全球化，包括创造就业”的报告，[1]", "1. 重申联合国需要发挥基本作用，推动国际发展合作，促进国际社会各项商定发展目标和行动的一致性、协调和落实，并决心与所有其他多边金融、贸易和发展机构密切合作，加强联合国系统内的协调，以便支持经济持续增长、消除贫穷和实现可持续发展；", "2. 又重申必须加强联合国在强化全球发展伙伴关系方面的核心作用，以期为实现千年发展目标创造有利的全球环境，包括加速努力履行和充分落实当前关于建立全球发展伙伴关系的各项承诺；", "3. 确认推广在落实和实现千年发展目标方面的成功政策和办法，需要得到更有力的全球发展伙伴关系的补充；", "4. 又确认全球化世界中各国经济日益相互依存以及有章可循的国际经济关系体制的逐渐形成意味着，特别是在贸易、投资和国际发展领域的当前国家经济政策空间，即国内政策的回旋余地，往往受到国际规章制度、承诺和全球市场考虑的制约，接受国际规则和承诺带来的好处与丧失政策空间造成的制约之间的利弊得失，应由每个国家的政府自己作出评价；", "5. 还确认将经济发展与社会发展挂钩的政策有助于减少国家内和国家间的不平等现象，以保证贫穷者和处境最脆弱者最大程度地受益于经济增长和发展；", "6. 决定在大会第六十八届会议临时议程中列入题为“全球化和相互依存”的项目，请秘书长就题为“联合国在全球化和相互依存的背景下促进发展的作用”的分项目向大会提出一份报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/66/223。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/442/Add.1)]", "66/210. Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 62/199 of 19 December 2007, 63/222 of 19 December 2008, 64/210 of 21 December 2009 and 65/168 of 20 December 2010 on the role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence,", "Reaffirming the central role of the United Nations in promoting international cooperation for development and policy coherence on global development issues, including in the context of globalization and interdependence,", "Recognizing that globalization and interdependence imply that the economic performance of a country is increasingly affected by factors outside its geographical borders and that maximizing in an equitable manner the benefits of globalization requires responses to globalization to be developed through a strengthened global partnership for development to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Reaffirming its strong support for fair and inclusive globalization and the need to translate growth into poverty reduction and, in this regard, its resolve to make the goals of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including for women and young people, a central objective of relevant national and international policies as well as national development strategies, including poverty reduction strategies, as part of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals,", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the world financial and economic crisis, cognizant that the global economy is entering a challenging new phase with significant downside risks, including turbulence in global financial and commodity markets and widespread fiscal strains, which threaten the global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and the need for continuing efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Globalization and interdependence: sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth for a fair and more equitable globalization for all, including job creation”,[1]", "1. Reaffirms the need for the United Nations to play a fundamental role in the promotion of international cooperation for development and the coherence, coordination and implementation of development goals and actions agreed upon by the international community, and resolves to strengthen coordination within the United Nations system in close cooperation with all other multilateral financial, trade and development institutions in order to support sustained economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development;", "2. Also reaffirms the need to strengthen the central role of the United Nations in enhancing the global partnership for development, with a view to creating a supportive global environment for the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, including accelerating efforts to deliver and fully implement existing global partnership for development commitments;", "3. Recognizes that the scaling-up of successful policies and approaches in the implementation and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals needs to be complemented by a strengthened global partnership for development;", "4. Also recognizes that the increasing interdependence of national economies in a globalizing world and the emergence of rules-based regimes for international economic relations have meant that the space for national economic policy, that is, the scope for domestic policies, especially in the areas of trade, investment and international development, is now often framed by international disciplines, commitments and global market considerations and that it is for each Government to evaluate the trade-off between the benefits of accepting international rules and commitments and the constraints posed by the loss of policy space;", "5. Further recognizes that policies which link economic and social development can contribute to reducing inequalities within and among countries with a view to guaranteeing that the poor and those living in the most vulnerable situations maximize their benefits from economic growth and development;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly a report on the sub-item entitled “Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/223." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/442/Add.1)]", "Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 62/199 of 19 December 2007 on the role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence, 63/222 of 19 December 2008, 64210 of 21 December 2009 and 63/268 of 20 December 2010,", "Reaffirming that the United Nations can play a central role in promoting international development cooperation and promoting policy coordination on global development issues, including in the context of globalization and interdependence,", "Recognizing that globalization and interdependence mean that the economic performance of a country is increasingly affected by factors outside its geographical boundaries and that the greatest equity in the achievement of the benefits of globalization must be achieved through strengthening the global partnership for development in order to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Reiterating its strong support for equitable and inclusive globalization and the need for growth to be translated into poverty reduction, and in this regard reiterates its determination to make full and productive employment, including for women and young people, and decent work for all, a central objective of national and international policies, as well as national development strategies, including poverty reduction strategies, the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals,", "Deeply concerned at the adverse impact of the current world financial and economic crisis, in particular on development, and recognizing that the global economy is entering a new and challenging phase and is at a serious risk, including the volatile global financial and commodity markets and the general tension in the financial situation, which endangers global economic recovery, and stressing the need to continue addressing institutional weaknesses and imbalances and the need for continued efforts to reform and strengthen the international financial system,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Globalization and interdependence: promotion of fair and more equitable inclusive and equitable globalization, including employment creation”,", "Reaffirms the need for the United Nations to play a fundamental role in promoting international development cooperation, promoting coherence, coordination and implementation of the agreed development goals and actions of the international community, and resolves to strengthen coordination within the United Nations system, in close cooperation with all other multilateral financial, trade and development agencies, in order to support sustained economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development;", "Also reaffirms the need to strengthen the central role of the United Nations in strengthening the global partnership for development with a view to creating an enabling global environment for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, including by accelerating efforts to fulfil and fully implement current commitments on the establishment of a global partnership for development;", "Acknowledges that the promotion of successful policies and approaches in the implementation and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals requires the addition of a stronger global partnership for development;", "Also recognizes that the growing interdependence of the economies of all countries in a globalizing world and the progressive emergence of a chapter-based international economic relations system imply that, in particular, the current national economic policy space in the area of trade, investment and international development, that is, domestic policy swaps, often subject to the limitations of international regulations, commitments and global market considerations, the benefits of acceptance of international rules and commitments and the constraints posed by the loss of policy space, should be evaluated by each Government itself;", "Further recognizes that policies that link economic development to social development contribute to reducing inequalities within and among countries in order to ensure that the poor and the most vulnerable benefit from economic growth and development;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly a report on the sub-item entitled “The role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See A/HRC/WG.6/5/Add.1." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/442/Add.2)通过]", "66/211. 科学和技术促进发展", "大会，", "回顾其2003年12月23日第58/200号、2004年12月22日第59/220号、2005年12月22日第60/205号、2006年12月20日第61/207号、2007年12月19日第62/201号和2009年12月21日第64/212号决议，", "表示注意到经济及社会理事会2006年7月28日第2006/46号和2009年7月24日第2009/8号决议，", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[1]", "又回顾信息社会世界首脑会议成果，[2]", "表示注意到科学和技术促进发展委员会第十四届会议的报告，[3]", "回顾其2009年12月21日第64/208号和2011年6月17日第65/280号决议，", "又回顾妇女地位委员会第五十五届会议通过的关于妇女和女孩接受和参与教育、培训、科学技术的商定结论，[4]", "认识到科学和技术，包括无害环境技术，可在发展和帮助各国努力消除贫穷、实现粮食安全、防治疾病、改善教育、保护环境、加快经济多样化和变革步伐以及提高生产力和竞争力方面发挥至关重要的作用，", "关切许多发展中国家缺乏负担得起的获取信息和通信技术的手段，对绝大多数穷人而言，科学和技术带来的希望仍未实现，强调需有效利用技术弥合数字鸿沟，", "认识到国际支持可协助发展中国家从技术进步中获益并增强其生产能力，", "重申需要增强联合国系统各相关实体的科学和技术方案，", "赞赏地注意到科学和技术促进发展委员会与联合国贸易和发展会议协作，为发展中国家建立科学技术英才中心网，并设计和开展科学、技术和创新政策审查，", "感兴趣地注意到设立了生物技术机构间合作网，即联合国生物技术网，", "表示注意到秘书长的报告，[5]", "鼓励提出各种倡议，推动私营部门参与技术转让及科技合作，", "1. 重申承诺：", "(a) 通过公共和私营部门自愿建立伙伴关系等办法，加强和改善现有机制，并支持各项研究和开发举措，以便满足发展中国家在卫生、农业、养护、可持续利用自然资源和环境管理、能源、林业和气候变化影响等方面的特殊需要；", "(b) 酌情促进和协助发展中国家获取和开发技术，包括无害环境技术及相应知识，以及向发展中国家转让和推广此类技术和知识；", "(c) 协助发展中国家努力促进和制订国家人力资源和科学技术战略，人力资源和科学技术是推动国家能力建设促进发展的主要动力；", "(d) 促进和支持进一步努力开发可再生能源，包括有关技术；", "(e) 执行国内和国际政策，吸引本国和外国公共和私营部门投资，以增强知识，按照相互商定的条件转让技术并提高生产力；", "(f) 支持发展中国家分别和共同为利用农业新技术作出努力，以便通过环境可持续方式提高农业生产力；", "2. 认识到科学和技术，包括信息和通信技术，对实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标和发展中国家全面参与全球经济至关重要；", "3. 指出各年龄妇女充分和平等地获得和参与科学和技术，是实现性别平等和增强妇女权能的当务之急，着重指出，为了克服阻碍妇女和女孩平等获得科学和技术的障碍，必须采取系统、全面、综合、可持续、多学科和多部门办法；", "4. 请科学和技术促进发展委员会提供一个论坛，在这一论坛中继续协助经济及社会理事会在信息社会世界首脑会议成果² 的全系统后续行动方面发挥协调中心的作用，并根据理事会第2006/46号决议，在授权任务范围内满足发展中国家在农业、农村发展、信息和通信技术及环境管理等领域的特殊需要；", "5. 鼓励联合国贸易和发展会议与相关伙伴协作，继续进行科学、技术和创新政策审查，以协助发展中国家和经济转型国家确定各项必要措施，将科学、技术和创新政策纳入国家发展战略；", "6. 鼓励联合国贸易和发展会议及其他相关组织协助发展中国家努力将科学、技术和创新政策纳入国家发展战略；", "7. 鼓励各国政府加强和促进在研究和开发无害环境技术方面的投资，推动企业和金融部门参与开发这些技术，并邀请国际社会支持这些努力；", "8. 鼓励现有安排和进一步促进区域、次区域及区域间的联合研究和开发项目，为此在可能情况下调动现有科学、研究和开发资源，建立尖端科学设施和研究设备联网；", "9. 鼓励国际社会考虑到国家之间的发展水平差异，为了全社会的利益，通过有利于社会和经济福利的方式，继续促进适当推广科学和技术知识，并以公平、透明和相互商定的条件向发展中国家转让技术，便利发展中国家利用和获取技术；", "10. 再次呼吁联合国各实体与其他国际组织、民间社会和私营部门继续协作，落实信息社会世界首脑会议成果，以期通过对数字鸿沟和信息社会的新挑战进行政策研究，以及开展涉及多个利益攸关方伙伴关系的技术援助活动，发挥信息和通信技术的潜力为发展服务；", "11. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况和未来后续行动建议，包括将科学、技术和创新政策纳入国家发展战略方面的经验教训，向大会第六十八届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第60/1号决议。", "[2] 见A/C.2/59/3，附件，第一章；A/60/687。", "[3] 《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2011年，补编第11号》（E/2011/31）。", "[4] 同上，《补编第7号》(E/2011/27)，第一章，A节。", "[5] A/66/208。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/442/Add.2)]", "66/211. Science and technology for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/200 of 23 December 2003, 59/220 of 22 December 2004, 60/205 of 22 December 2005, 61/207 of 20 December 2006, 62/201 of 19 December 2007 and 64/212 of 21 December 2009,", "Taking note of Economic and Social Council resolutions 2006/46 of 28 July 2006 and 2009/8 of 24 July 2009,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[1]", "Recalling also the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society,[2]", "Taking note of the report of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development on its fourteenth session,[3]", "Recalling its resolutions 64/208 of 21 December 2009 and 65/280 of 17 June 2011,", "Recalling also the agreed conclusions of the Commission on the Status of Women on access and participation of women and girls in education, training and science and technology, adopted at its fifty-fifth session,[4]", "Recognizing the vital role that science and technology, including environmentally sound technologies, can play in development and in facilitating efforts to eradicate poverty, achieve food security, fight diseases, improve education, protect the environment, accelerate the pace of economic diversification and transformation, and improve productivity and competitiveness,", "Concerned that many developing countries lack affordable access to information and communications technologies and that for the majority of the poor the promise of science and technology remains unfulfilled, and emphasizing the need to effectively harness technology to bridge the digital divide,", "Recognizing that international support can help developing countries to benefit from technological advances and enhance their productive capacity,", "Reaffirming the need to enhance the science and technology programmes of the relevant entities of the United Nations system,", "Noting with appreciation the collaboration between the Commission on Science and Technology for Development and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in establishing the Network of Centres of Excellence in science and technology for developing countries and in designing and carrying out science, technology and innovation policy reviews,", "Taking note with interest of the establishment of the inter-agency cooperation network on biotechnology, UN-Biotech,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,[5]", "Encouraging the development of initiatives to promote private sector engagement in technology transfer and technological and scientific cooperation,", "1. Reaffirms its commitment:", "(a) To strengthen and enhance existing mechanisms and to support initiatives for research and development, including through voluntary partnerships between the public and private sectors, to address the special needs of developing countries in the areas of health, agriculture, conservation, sustainable use of natural resources and environmental management, energy, forestry and the impact of climate change;", "(b) To promote and facilitate, as appropriate, access to, and development, transfer and diffusion of, technologies, including environmentally sound technologies and the corresponding know-how, to developing countries;", "(c) To assist developing countries in their efforts to promote and develop national strategies for human resources and science and technology, which are primary drivers of national capacity-building for development;", "(d) To promote and support greater efforts to develop renewable sources of energy, including appropriate technology;", "(e) To implement policies at the national and international levels to attract both public and private investment, domestic and foreign, that enhances knowledge, transfers technology on mutually agreed terms and raises productivity;", "(f) To support the efforts of developing countries, individually and collectively, to harness new agricultural technologies in order to increase agricultural productivity through environmentally sustainable means;", "2. Recognizes that science and technology, including information and communications technologies, are vital for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and for the full participation of developing countries in the global economy;", "3. Notes that full and equal access to and participation in science and technology for women of all ages is imperative for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women, and underlines that addressing barriers to equal access for women and girls to science and technology requires a systematic, comprehensive, integrated, sustainable, multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach;", "4. Requests the Commission on Science and Technology for Development to provide a forum within which to continue to assist the Economic and Social Council as the focal point in the system-wide follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society² and to address within its mandate, in accordance with Council resolution 2006/46, the special needs of developing countries in areas such as agriculture, rural development, information and communications technologies and environmental management;", "5. Encourages the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in collaboration with relevant partners, to continue to undertake science, technology and innovation policy reviews, with a view to assisting developing countries and countries with economies in transition in identifying the measures that are needed to integrate science, technology and innovation policies into their national development strategies;", "6. Encourages the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other relevant organizations to assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate science, technology and innovation policies into national development strategies;", "7. Encourages Governments to strengthen and foster investment in research and development for environmentally sound technologies and to promote the involvement of the business and financial sectors in the development of those technologies, and invites the international community to support those efforts;", "8. Encourages existing arrangements and the further promotion of regional, subregional and interregional joint research and development projects, where feasible, by mobilizing existing scientific and research and development resources and by networking sophisticated scientific facilities and research equipment;", "9. Encourages the international community to continue to facilitate, in view of the difference in level of development between countries, an adequate diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge and transfer of, access to and acquisition of technology for developing countries, under fair, transparent and mutually agreed terms, in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare for the benefit of society;", "10. Reiterates its call for continued collaboration between United Nations entities and other international organizations, civil society and the private sector in implementing the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, with a view to putting the potential of information and communications technologies at the service of development through policy research on the digital divide and on new challenges of the information society, as well as technical assistance activities, involving multi-stakeholder partnerships;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and recommendations for future follow-up, including lessons learned in integrating science, technology and innovation policies into national development strategies.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1.", "[2]  See A/C.2/59/3, annex, chap. I and A/60/687.", "[3]  Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 11 (E/2011/31).", "[4]  Ibid., Supplement No. 7 (E/2011/27), chap. I, sect. A.", "[5]  A/66/208." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/442/Add.2)]", "Science and technology for development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/200 of 23 December 2003, 59/220 of 22 December 2004, 60/205 of 22 December 2005, 61/207 of 20 December 2006, 56/201 of 19 December 2007 and 64212 of 21 December 2009,", "Taking note of Economic and Social Council resolutions 2006/46 of 28 July 2006 and 2009/8 of 24 July 2009,", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, alternatives", "Recalling also the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, [2]", "Taking note of the report of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development on its fourteenth session, [3]", "Recalling its resolutions 64/208 of 21 December 2009 and 63/280 of 17 June 2011,", "Recalling also the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women at its fifty-fifth session on the acceptance and participation of women and girls in education, training, science and technology, [4]", "Recognizing that science and technology, including environmentally sound technologies, can play a crucial role in developing and helping countries to fight poverty, achieve food security, combat diseases, improve education, protect the environment, accelerate economic diversification and change and increase productivity and competitiveness,", "Concerned that many developing countries lack access to information and communications technology and that, for the vast majority of the poor, the hopes of science and technology remain unfulfilled, emphasizing the need for effective use of technology to bridge the digital divide,", "Recognizing that international support can assist developing countries in benefiting from technological advances and in their productive capacities,", "Reaffirming the need to strengthen the scientific and technical programmes of the relevant entities of the United Nations system,", "Noting with appreciation that the Commission on Science and Technology for Development, in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, has established a network of centres of excellence in science and technology for developing countries and designed and implemented scientific, technological and technological policy reviews,", "Noting with interest the establishment of the Inter-Agency Cooperation Network on Biotechnology, the United Nations Biotechnology Network,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, [5]", "Encourage initiatives to promote private sector involvement in technology transfer and scientific and technological cooperation,", "Reaffirms its commitment:", "(a) Strengthen and improve existing mechanisms, including through voluntary partnerships between the public and private sectors, and support research and development initiatives to meet the special needs of developing countries in the areas of health, agriculture, conservation, sustainable use of natural resources and environmental management, energy, forestry and climate change impacts;", "(b) Promote and assist developing countries, as appropriate, in accessing and developing technology, including environmentally sound technologies and corresponding knowledge, and in the transfer and diffusion of such technology and knowledge to developing countries;", "(c) To assist developing countries in their efforts to promote and develop national human resources and science and technology strategies, and human resources and science and technology are the main engine for national capacity-building for development;", "(d) Promote and support further efforts to develop renewable energy, including related technologies;", "(e) Implement national and international policies to attract national and foreign public- and private investment to enhance knowledge, transfer technology and productivity in accordance with mutually agreed conditions;", "(f) Support developing countries, individually and jointly, in their efforts to harness new agricultural technologies in order to increase agricultural productivity through environmentally sustainable approaches;", "Recognizes that science and technology, including information and communications technology, are essential to achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and the full participation of developing countries in the global economy;", "Notes that the full and equal access and participation of women of all ages in science and technology is an urgent priority to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment, and stresses that systematic, comprehensive, sustainable, multidisciplinary and multisectoral approaches are required to overcome barriers to women and girls' equal access to science and technology;", "Requests the Commission on Science and Technology for Development to provide a forum in which it continued to assist the Economic and Social Council in its role as a focal point for system-wide follow-up to the World Summit on the Information Society,2 and to meet, within its mandate, the special needs of developing countries in the areas of agriculture, rural development, information and communications technology and environmental management;", "Encourages the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in collaboration with relevant partners, to continue the review of science, technology and innovation policies to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in identifying the necessary measures to integrate science, technology and innovation policies into national development strategies;", "Encourages the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other relevant organizations to assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate science, technology and innovation policies into national development strategies;", "Encourages Governments to strengthen and promote investment in research and development of environmentally sound technologies, to promote the participation of enterprises and the financial sector in the development of such technologies, and invites the international community to support those efforts;", "Encourages existing arrangements and further promotion of joint research and development projects at the regional, subregional and interregional levels to mobilize, where possible, existing scientific, research and development resources to establish a network of sophisticated scientific facilities and research equipment;", "Encourages the international community to continue to promote the appropriate dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge and to transfer technology to developing countries in a fair, transparent and mutually agreed manner, taking into account the differences in the level of development among States, in order to facilitate the use and access of technology in developing countries, in the interest of society at large;", "Reiterates its call upon United Nations entities to continue to work with other international organizations, civil society and the private sector to implement the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society with a view to harnessing the potential of information and communications technology for development services through policy studies on the digital divide and new challenges in the information society, as well as technical assistance activities involving multi-stakeholder partnerships;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution and future follow-up recommendations, including lessons learned in integrating science, technology and innovation policies into national development strategies.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See resolution 60/1.", "[2] See A/C.2/59/3, annex, chap. I; A/60/687.", "[3] Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 11 (Eston31).", "[4] Ibid., Supplement No. 7 (Eric 27), chap. I, sect.", "[5] A/66/208." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/442/Add.3)通过]", "66/212. 与中等收入国家的发展合作", "大会，", "回顾联合国各次主要国际会议和首脑会议的成果，包括《联合国千年宣言》[1] 和《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[2] 以及大会各项决议的相关规定，", "重申其题为“联合国系统发展方面的业务活动三年期全面政策审查”的2007年12月19日第62/208号决议，其中大会认识到中等收入发展中国家在消除贫穷领域仍然面临严峻挑战，应对这些挑战的努力应该得到支持，以确保迄今取得的成就得以持续，具体方式包括为切实制订全面合作政策提供支助，", "回顾2008年12月19日第63/223号和2009年12月21日第64/208号决议，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[3]", "2. 强调指出针对与中等收入国家的发展合作问题继续进行实质性审议的重要性；", "3. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交一份关于与中等收入国家的发展合作的报告，并决定在该会议临时议程题为“全球化和相互依存”的项目下，列入一个题为“与中等收入国家的发展合作”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 见第60/1号决议。", "[3] A/66/220。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/442/Add.3)]", "66/212. Development cooperation with middle-income countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the outcomes of the United Nations major international conferences and summits, including the United Nations Millennium Declaration[1] and the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[2] as well as the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolutions,", "Reaffirming its resolution 62/208 of 19 December 2007, entitled “Triennial comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development of the United Nations system”, in which it recognized that middle-income developing countries still face significant challenges in the area of poverty eradication and that efforts to address those challenges should be supported in order to ensure that achievements made to date are sustained, including through support to the effective development of comprehensive cooperation policies,", "Recalling its resolutions 63/223 of 19 December 2008 and 64/208 of 21 December 2009,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[3]", "2. Stresses the importance of the continued substantive consideration of the issue of development cooperation with middle-income countries;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on development cooperation with middle-income countries, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of the session, under the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence” the sub-item entitled “Development cooperation with middle-income countries”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  See resolution 60/1.", "[3]  A/66/220." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/442/Add.3)]", "Development cooperation with middle-income countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the outcomes of the major international conferences and summits of the United Nations, including the United Nations Millennium Declaration, as well as the relevant provisions of the 2005 World Summit Outcome [2] and the resolutions of the General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 62/208 of 19 December 2007 entitled “Comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development of the United Nations system”, in which the General Assembly recognized that middle-income developing countries still face serious challenges in the area of poverty eradication and that efforts to address those challenges should be supported to ensure that the achievements so far have been sustained, including by providing support for the effective development of comprehensive cooperation policies,", "Recalling resolutions 63/223 of 19 December 2008 and 64208 of 21 December 2009,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [3]", "Stresses the importance of continuing substantive deliberations on development cooperation with middle-income countries;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on development cooperation with middle-income countries and decides to include in the provisional agenda of the Conference a sub-item entitled “Development cooperation with middle-income countries”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See resolution 55/2.", "[2] See resolution 60/1.", "[3] A/66/220." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/443/Add.1)通过]", "66/213. 第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议", "大会，", "回顾第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议通过并经大会2011年6月17日第65/280号决议认可的《伊斯坦布尔宣言》[1] 和《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[2] 大会在该项决议中呼吁所有相关利益攸关方承诺执行该《行动纲领》，", "重申《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的首要目标是战胜最不发达国家面临的结构性挑战，以消除贫穷，实现国际商定的发展目标，并使这些国家能够脱离最不发达国家类别，", "回顾经济及社会理事会关于《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》的2011年7月22日第2011/9号决议,", "又回顾大会关于脱离最不发达国家名单的国家平稳过渡重要性的2004年12月20日第59/209号和2011年6月29日第65/286号决议，重申到2020年使半数最不发达国家能够达到毕业标准的目标，", "表示注意到2011年9月26日在纽约举行的最不发达国家部长级会议通过的《部长宣言》，", "又表示注意到2011年5月9日至13日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议的报告，[3]", "肯定民间社会、私营部门和议会议员对第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议及其筹备进程所作的重要贡献，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议成果的报告；[4]", "2. 促请最不发达国家在其发展伙伴的支持下履行承诺，推动落实《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》，包括将其各项规定纳入本国政策和发展框架，以及在所有主要利益攸关方的充分参与下进行定期审查，为此邀请联合国最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办事处、经济及社会理事会各附属机构，包括联合国各区域和职司委员会、联合国驻地协调员系统和联合国国家工作队，积极支持纳入和执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》；²", "3. 又促请最不发达国家同发展伙伴合作，扩大各自现有的国家审查机制，包括实现千年发展目标及减贫战略文件、共同国家评估和联合国发展援助框架执行情况的审查机制，以及现有的协商机制，以涵盖对《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的审查；", "4. 促请发展伙伴酌情将《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》纳入各自的国家合作政策框架、方案和活动，以确保按照《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的规定向最不发达国家提供强化、可预测和有针对性的支持，确保履行各自的承诺，并考虑采取适当措施克服可能存在的任何不足或缺点；", "5. 邀请联合国系统各组织和其他多边组织，包括布雷顿森林机构及国际和区域金融机构，视情况并根据各自的任务，为执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》做出贡献，将其纳入各自的工作方案，并全面参与国家、次区域、区域和全球各级对该纲领进行的审查；", "6. 促请发展中国家遵循团结精神并根据本国能力，在补充而非取代南北合作的南南合作框架内，支持在共同商定的合作领域有效执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》；", "7. 邀请私营部门、民间社会和各基金在各自职权范围内，根据最不发达国家的国家优先目标，推动执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》；", "8. 赞赏地欢迎联合国开发计划署、联合国人口基金、联合国项目事务厅、联合国儿童基金会、联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)和世界粮食计划署的执行局2011年度会议决定将《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》纳入各自的工作方案；赞赏地欢迎世界知识产权组织成员国大会通过决议，将《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的相关部分纳入该组织各项方案的主流；并欢迎联合国贸易和发展会议贸易和发展理事会决定将《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的相关规定纳入秘书处及其政府间机制工作的主流，在这方面邀请联合国所有其他基金和方案以及多边组织的理事机构根据各自的任务规定酌情尽速采取同样的行动；", "9. 促请最不发达国家及其发展伙伴、联合国系统和所有其他行为体以协调连贯的方式，尽速充分和有效地履行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》在生产能力、农业、粮食安全和农村发展、贸易、商品、人类和社会发展、多重危机和其他新出现的挑战、调集财政资源支持发展和能力建设以及各级善政等八个优先领域作出的承诺；", "10. 关切经济和金融危机当前的影响表明需要有针对性地及时调集适当区域和国际支持，补充最不发达国家的努力，以建设抗御经济冲击的复原力并减轻其影响；", "11. 赞赏地注意到联合国系统​​及其他国际和区域组织所做的努力，包括机构间协商小组的工作和制订路线图，以协调联合国系统有关组织开展活动，执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》；", "12. 着重指出在联合国所有主要会议和进程中必须特别关注最不发达国家的问题和关切；", "13. 注意到定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会当前的筹备进程；", "14. 请秘书长采取必要步骤，至迟于2013年底开展差距和能力联合分析，以便在现有国际举措基础上，建立一个专门服务最不发达国家的技术数据库和科技创新支持机制；", "15. 回顾脱离最不发达国家名单的国家的平稳过渡对于确保这些国家顺利走上可持续发展道路，其发展计划、方案和项目不会骤然中断至关重要；", "16. 请大会主席根据《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》与会员国和秘书长协商设立一个特设工作组，进一步研究和加强脱离最不发达国家类别的国家的平稳过渡进程，并向大会第六十七届会议提出报告和具体建议；", "17. 鼓励各国政府、政府间组织和非政府组织、主要群体和其他捐助方及时向信托基金捐款，以支持《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的执行、贯彻和监测工作，并支持最不发达国家代表参加经济及社会理事会召开的伊斯坦布尔行动纲领执行情况年度审查会议和其他相关论坛，在这方面，表示赞赏已向信托基​​金作出自愿捐助的国家；", "18. 强调指出最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办事处应继续履行职能，协助秘书长有效跟踪和监测《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》的执行情况，充分动员和协调联合国系统各部分，以推动在国家、区域和全球各级协调一致地执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》，连贯一致地加以贯彻并进行监测，并协助为执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》调动国际支援和资源，为此，高级代表办事处应与联合国相关部门以及与议会、民间社会、媒体、学术界和各基金会结成伙伴，继续为最不发达国家开展提高认识和宣传工作，并为最不发达国家的集团协商提供适当支持；", "19. 着重指出应为最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办事处履行职责提供必要的支持，以便及时有效地执行《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》，确认秘书长根据《伊斯坦布尔行动纲领》第155段中的要求向大会第六十七届会议提出的报告除其他外，将有助于大会审议高级代表办事处当前所需资源；", "20. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份进度报告，说明《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》的执行情况。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告,2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》（A/CONF.219/7），第一章。", "[2] 同上，第二章。", "[3] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》（A/CONF.219/7）。", "[4] A/66/134。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/443/Add.1)]", "66/213. Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Istanbul Declaration[1] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[2] adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and endorsed by the General Assembly through its resolution 65/280 of 17 June 2011, in which the Assembly called upon all the relevant stakeholders to commit to implementing the Programme of Action,", "Reaffirming the overarching goal of the Istanbul Programme of Action of overcoming the structural challenges faced by the least developed countries in order to eradicate poverty, achieve internationally agreed development goals and enable graduation from the least developed country category,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/9 of 22 July 2011 on the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011‑2020,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolutions 59/209 of 20 December 2004 and 65/286 of 29 June 2011 on the importance of a smooth transition for countries graduating from the list of least developed countries, and reaffirming the aim of enabling half the least developed countries to meet the criteria for graduation by 2020,", "Taking note of the Ministerial Declaration adopted at the Ministerial Meeting of the Least Developed Countries, held in New York on 26 September 2011,", "Taking note also of the report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011,[3]", "Recognizing the important contribution of civil society, the private sector and parliamentarians to the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and the preparatory process for the Conference,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the outcome of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries;[4]", "2. Calls upon the least developed countries, with the support of their development partners, to fulfil their commitments and to promote implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, including by integrating its provisions into their national policies and development framework and conducting regular reviews with the full involvement of all key stakeholders, and in this regard, invites the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, the subsidiary bodies of the Economic and Social Council, including United Nations regional and functional commissions, the United Nations resident coordinator system and the United Nations country teams to actively support the integration and the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action;²", "3. Also calls upon the least developed countries, in cooperation with their development partners, to broaden their existing country review mechanisms, including those for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, the implementation of poverty reduction strategy papers, common country assessments and United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks, and the existing consultative mechanisms to cover the review of the Istanbul Programme of Action;", "4. Calls upon the development partners to integrate the Istanbul Programme of Action into their respective national cooperation policy frameworks, programmes and activities, as appropriate, to ensure enhanced, predictable and targeted support to the least developed countries, as set out in the Istanbul Programme of Action, and the delivery of their commitments, and to consider appropriate measures to overcome shortfalls or shortcomings, if any;", "5. Invites all organizations of the United Nations system and other multilateral organizations, including the Bretton Woods institutions and international and regional financial institutions, to contribute to the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action and to integrate it into their programmes of work, as appropriate and in accordance with their respective mandates, and to participate fully in its review at the national, subregional, regional and global levels;", "6. Calls upon the developing countries, guided by the spirit of solidarity and consistent with their capabilities, to provide support for the effective implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action in mutually agreed areas of cooperation within the framework of South-South cooperation, which is a complement to, but not a substitute for, North-South cooperation;", "7. Invites the private sector, civil society and foundations to contribute to the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action in their respective areas of competence in line with the national priorities of the least developed countries;", "8. Welcomes with appreciation the decisions taken by the Executive Boards of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Office for Project Services, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and the World Food Programme at their 2011 annual sessions to integrate the Istanbul Programme of Action within their respective programmes of work, welcomes with appreciation the adoption of a resolution by the Assemblies of States members of the World Intellectual Property Organization to mainstream the relevant parts of the Istanbul Programme of Action into various programmes of the organization, also welcomes the decision of the Trade and Development Board of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to mainstream the relevant provisions of the Istanbul Programme of Action into the work of the secretariat and its intergovernmental machinery, and in this regard invites the governing bodies of all other United Nations funds and programmes and multilateral organizations to do the same in an expeditious manner, as appropriate and in accordance with their respective mandates;", "9. Calls upon the least developed countries, their development partners, the United Nations system and all other actors to fully and effectively implement the commitments that have been made in the Istanbul Programme of Action in its eight priority areas, namely, productive capacity, agriculture, food security and rural development, trade, commodities, human and social development, multiple crises and other emerging challenges, mobilizing financial resources for development and capacity-building, and good governance at all levels, in a coordinated, coherent and expeditious manner;", "10. Expresses concern that the ongoing impact of the economic and financial crisis demonstrates the need for appropriate regional and international support to be deployed in a timely and targeted manner to complement the efforts of the least developed countries aimed at building resilience in the face of economic shocks and mitigating their effects;", "11. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, including the work of the Inter-Agency Consultative Group and the development of a road map to coordinate the activities of the relevant organizations of the United Nations system for the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action;", "12. Underlines the need for giving particular attention to the issues and concerns of the least developed countries in all major United Nations conferences and processes;", "13. Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "14. Requests the Secretary-General to take the steps necessary to undertake a joint gap and capacity analysis on a priority basis by 2013 with the aim of establishing a technology bank and science, technology and innovation supporting mechanism dedicated to least developed countries, building on the existing international initiatives;", "15. Recalls that a smooth transition of countries graduating from least developed country status is vital to ensure that those countries are eased onto a path towards sustainable development without any abrupt disruption to their development plans, programmes and projects;", "16. Requests the President of the General Assembly to establish, in consultation with Member States and the Secretary-General, an ad hoc working group to further study and strengthen the smooth transition process for the countries graduating from the least developed country category and to submit a report to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session with specific recommendations, consistent with the Istanbul Programme of Action;", "17. Encourages Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, major groups and other donors to contribute to the Trust Fund in a timely manner to support the implementation, follow-up and monitoring of the Istanbul Programme of Action as well as the participation of the representatives from the least developed countries in the annual review meeting on the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action by the Economic and Social Council as well as in other relevant forums, and in this regard, expresses its appreciation to those countries that have made voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund;", "18. Stresses that the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States should continue to fulfil its functions to assist the Secretary-General for the effective follow-up and monitoring of the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action and the full mobilization and coordination of all parts of the United Nations system, with a view to facilitating the coordinated implementation of and coherence in the follow-up and monitoring of the Istanbul Programme of Action at the country, regional and global levels, and to assist in mobilizing international support and resources for the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, and to this end, it should continue its awareness-raising and advocacy work in favour of least developed countries in partnership with the relevant part of the United Nations, as well as with parliaments, civil society, the media, academia and foundations, and provide appropriate support to group consultations of least developed countries;", "19. Underlines that the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States should be provided with the necessary support to fulfil its mandate for the timely and effective implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, and recognizes that the report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, as requested in paragraph 155 of the Istanbul Programme of Action, will facilitate, inter alia, consideration by the Assembly of the ongoing resource requirements of the Office of the High Representative;", "20. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a progress report on the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. I.", "[2]  Ibid., chap. II.", "[3]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1).", "[4]  A/66/134." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/443/Add.1)]", "Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Istanbul Declaration adopted by the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 880 of 17 June 2011 and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the period 2011-2020, in which the Assembly called upon all relevant stakeholders to commit themselves to the implementation of the Programme of Action,", "Reaffirming that the primary objective of the Istanbul Programme of Action is to overcome structural challenges faced by the least developed countries in order to eradicate poverty, to achieve the internationally agreed development goals and to enable them to be separated from the least developed countries category,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/9 of 22 July 2011 on the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the period 2011-2020,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolutions 59/209 of 20 December 2004 and 338 of 29 June 2011 on the importance of a smooth transition from the list of least developed countries, and reaffirming that by 2020, half of the least developed countries will be able to meet the graduation criteria,", "Taking note of the Ministerial Declaration adopted at the LDC Ministerial Conference, held in New York on 26 September 2011,", "Taking note also of the report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011, [3]", "Affirming the important contribution of civil society, the private sector and parliamentarians to the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and its preparatory process,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the outcome of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries; [4]", "Urges the least developed countries, with the support of their development partners, to fulfil their commitments to promote the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, including the incorporation of its provisions into their national policy and development frameworks, and to conduct regular reviews with the full participation of all major stakeholders, in this regard invites the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, the subsidiary bodies of the Economic and Social Council, including the United Nations regional and functional commissions, the United Nations Resident Coordinator system and the United Nations country team, to actively support the integration and implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action;2", "Also urges the least developed countries, in cooperation with development partners, to expand their existing national review mechanisms, including the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty reduction strategy paper, the Common Country Assessment and the United Nations Development Assistance Framework implementation review mechanisms, and existing consultative mechanisms to cover the review of the Istanbul Programme of Action;", "Urges development partners to incorporate, as appropriate, the Istanbul Programme of Action into their respective national cooperative policy frameworks, programmes and activities, in order to ensure enhanced, predictable and targeted support to least developed countries, in accordance with the provisions of the Istanbul Programme of Action, in order to ensure their implementation of their respective commitments and to consider appropriate measures to overcome any shortcomings or shortcomings that may exist;", "Invites the organizations of the United Nations system and other multilateral organizations, including the Bretton Woods institutions and international and regional financial institutions, to contribute, as appropriate and in accordance with their respective mandates, to the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, to integrate them into their respective work programmes and to participate fully in the review of the agenda at the national, subregional, regional and global levels;", "Urges developing countries to follow the spirit of solidarity and to support the effective implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action in the context of South-South cooperation that complements and does not replace North-South cooperation;", "Invites the private sector, civil society and funds, within their respective mandates, to promote the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, in accordance with the national priorities of the least developed countries;", "Welcomes with appreciation the decision of the Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Office for Project Services, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Office for the Promotion of Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (continued) and the World Food Programme at its annual session of 2011 to incorporate the Istanbul Programme of Action into their respective programmes of work; and welcomes the decision of the Trade and Development Board to mainstream the relevant provisions of the Istanbul Programme of Action into the work of the Secretariat and its intergovernmental machinery, and, in this regard, invites all other funds and programmes of the United Nations and the governing bodies of multilateral organizations to take the same action as expeditiously as appropriate, in accordance with their respective mandates;", "Urges the least developed countries and their development partners, the United Nations system and all other actors to implement, in a coordinated and coherent manner, their commitments in eight priority areas, such as productive capacities, agriculture, food security and rural development, trade, commodities, human and social development, multiple crises and other emerging challenges, mobilizing financial resources to support development and capacity-building, and good governance at all levels;", "Expresses concern at the current impact of the economic and financial crisis, which demonstrates the need for targeted and timely mobilization of appropriate regional and international support to complement the efforts of the least developed countries in order to build resilience and mitigate their impact;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, including the work of the Inter-Agency Consultative Group and the development of a road map to coordinate the activities of relevant organizations of the United Nations system in the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action;", "Stresses the importance of paying special attention to the problems and concerns of the least developed countries in all major United Nations conferences and processes;", "Takes note of the ongoing preparatory process to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps to conduct a joint gap and capacity analysis by the end of 2013 in order to establish a technical database for the least developed countries with specialized services and the STI support mechanism;", "Recalls that the smooth transition of countries that are separated from the list of least developed countries is essential to ensuring that they are able to embark on a sustainable development path, and that their development plans, programmes and projects will not be interrupted sharply;", "Requests the President of the General Assembly, in accordance with the Istanbul Programme of Action, to establish, in consultation with Member States and the Secretary-General, an ad hoc working group to further study and strengthen the smooth transition process in countries that are separated from the least developed countries and to report to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and specific recommendations;", "Encourages Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, major groups and other donors to make timely contributions to the Trust Fund to support the implementation, follow-up and monitoring of the Istanbul Programme of Action and to support the participation of least developed countries in the annual review and other relevant forums on the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action convened by the Economic and Social Council, and in this regard expresses its appreciation to those countries that have made voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund;", "Stresses that the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States should continue to perform its functions in order to assist the Secretary-General in effectively tracking and monitoring the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, to fully mobilize and coordinate parts of the United Nations system in order to facilitate the coordinated implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action at the national, regional and global levels, to follow up and monitor in a consistent manner and to assist in mobilizing international support and resources for the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, and, in that regard, the Office of the High Representative should continue to work with relevant United Nations departments and with parliaments, civil society, the media, academia and foundations to provide appropriate support to the least developed country groups;", "Stresses that the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States shall be provided with the necessary support for the timely and effective implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action, and recognizes the report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, in accordance with paragraph 155 of the Istanbul Programme of Action, which will contribute, inter alia, to the consideration of the current resource requirements of the Office of the High Representative;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a progress report on the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap.", "Ibid., chap.", "[3] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7).", "[4] A/64/234." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/443/Add.2)通过]", "66/214. 与内陆发展中国家的特殊需要和问题有关的具体行动：内陆和过境发展中国家与捐助国及国际金融和发展机构过境运输合作问题国际部长级会议的成果", "大会，", "回顾其2003年12月23日第58/201号、2005年12月22日第60/208号、2006年12月20日第61/212号、2007年12月19日第62/204号、2008年12月19日第63/228号、2009年12月21日第64/214号和2010年12月20日第65/172号决议，", "又回顾《联合国千年宣言》，[1]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标的2010年高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[2]", "回顾《阿拉木图宣言》[3] 和《阿拉木图行动纲领：在内陆和过境发展中国家过境运输合作全球新框架内满足内陆发展中国家的特别需求》，[4]", "又回顾其2008年10月3日第63/2号决议，其中大会通过了其第六十三届会议关于《阿拉木图行动纲领》中期审查的高级别会议宣言，", "表示注意到2009年10月21日和22日在斯威士兰埃祖尔韦尼举行的第三次内陆发展中国家贸易部长会议通过的《埃祖尔韦尼宣言》，[5]", "又表示注意到蒙古政府和亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会秘书处于2011年4月12日至14日在乌兰巴托共同主办的《阿拉木图行动纲领》执行工作及内陆发展中国家面对的其他发展差距问题高级别亚太政策对话会议的成果，即《乌兰巴托宣言》，[6]", "还表示注意到2011年9月23日在联合国总部举行的内陆发展中国家第十次部长级年会的公报，[7]", "确认由于本土没有出海通道，加上远离世界市场和令人却步的转运费用及种种风险，内陆发展中国家的出口收益、私人资本流入和国内资源的调集继续受到严重限制，因此这些国家的总体增长和社会经济发展受到不利影响，", "表示关切运输、电信和能源基础设施不足仍是贸易的一个主要障碍，阻碍了内陆发展中国家的增长，", "表示支持刚刚摆脱冲突的内陆发展中国家，使其能够酌情恢复和重建政治、社会和经济基础设施，并协助这些国家按照《阿拉木图行动纲领》所载目标和具体指标实现各自的优先发展目标，", "确认建立有效过境系统的首要责任在于内陆和过境发展中国家，", "重申《阿拉木图行动纲领》是内陆和过境发展中国家与其发展伙伴在国家、双边、次区域、区域和全球各级结成真正伙伴关系的基本框架，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长题为“《阿拉木图行动纲领：在内陆和过境发展中国家过境运输合作全球新框架下满足内陆发展中国家的特别需求》⁴ 执行情况”的报告；[8]", "2. 重申按照适用的国际法规则，内陆国有权出入海洋和享有利用一切运输工具经由过境国领土过境的自由；", "3. 又重申过境国对本国领土行使充分主权时，有权采取一切必要措施，确保向内陆国家提供的权利和便利绝不侵害过境国自身的正当利益；", "4. 促请内陆和过境发展中国家按照大会第六十三届会议关于《阿拉木图行动纲领》中期审查的高级别会议宣言的规定，[9] 采取一切适当措施加快执行《阿拉木图行动纲领》，并促请内陆发展中国家提高对《阿拉木图行动纲领》的主人翁意识，进一步将其纳入本国发展战略的主流；", "5. 促请发展伙伴以及多边和区域金融和发展机构，向内陆和过境发展中国家提供适当、更加协调一致的实质性技术和财政援助，特别是以赠款或优惠贷款的形式提供援助，以落实《阿拉木图行动纲领》；", "6. 重申其在中期审查宣言中作出的充分承诺，即通过全面、及时、有效执行《阿拉木图行动纲领》，紧急应对内陆发展中国家的特殊发展需要和所面临的挑战；", "7. 承认非洲、亚洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲内陆和过境发展中国家加强了本国的政策和治理改革工作，承认包括国际金融和发展机构在内的发展伙伴更加关注建立有效的过境系统；", "8. 关切地注意到，虽然在实现《阿拉木图行动纲领》各项优先目标方面取得了进展，但内陆发展中国家在国际贸易中继续被边缘化，在贸易和运输便利化领域有着迫切的能力建设需求，并在努力建立有效过境运输系统过程中面临各种挑战，无法充分利用作为持续经济增长和发展引擎的贸易潜能，实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标；", "9. 邀请包括发展伙伴在内的各会员国、联合国系统各组织和其他相关国际、区域和次区域组织，更加协调一致地进一步加快实施《阿拉木图行动纲领》中商定的五个优先目标下的具体行动，以及中期审查宣言所载的具体行动，特别是修建、保养和改善这些国家的运输、储存和其他与过境运输有关的设施，包括修建备用路线、配齐缺失环节以及改善通信和能源基础设施，以改善区域内的连通性并提高分析能力，协助制订和执行一致和全面的运输政策，支持贸易便利化所需的过境走廊，在这方面，鼓励提升区域、次区域和双边合作，从而为解决内陆和过境国家所面临的问题找到更为适宜、直接和有效的解决办法；", "10. 表示关切内陆发展中国家的经济增长和社会福祉仍极易受到外部冲击和国际社会面临的多重挑战的影响，邀请国际社会协助内陆发展中国家加强复原力，并保护在实现千年发展目标和《阿拉木图行动纲领》的优先目标方面已经取得的进展；", "11. 鼓励有关国际组织，包括最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办事处以及联合国各区域委员会及其他相关研究机构，通过制订一套内陆发展中国家可用于预警的脆弱程度指标，酌情协助内陆发展中国家就其易受外部冲击的脆弱性问题展开研究；", "12. 着重指出国际贸易和贸易便利化作为《阿拉木图行动纲领》一个优先目标的重要性，注意到正在进行的世界贸易组织贸易便利化谈判对于内陆发展中国家提高商品和服务流动效率、通过降低交易费用提高国际竞争力尤为重要，促请国际社会确保多哈回合最后成果中的贸易便利化协定，通过除其他外缩短运输时间和提高跨界贸易的确定性，实现降低交易费用的目标；", "13. 促请各发展伙伴有效落实贸易援助计划，适当考虑内陆发展中国家的特殊需要和要求，包括制订贸易政策、参加贸易谈判和实施贸易便利化措施等方面的能力建设，以及通过吸纳私营部门参与来实现出口产品多样化，包括发展中小型企业，以提高内陆发展中国家产品在出口市场上的竞争力；", "14. 确认许多内陆发展中国家的经济仍依赖几种出口商品，这些产品的附加值往往不高，鼓励国际社会作出进一步努力，支持内陆发展中国家实现其经济基础多样化，鼓励以相互商定的条件转让与过境运输系统有关的各种技术，包括信息和通信技术，并通过开发它们的生产能力提高其出口产品的附加值；", "15. 鼓励进一步加强南南合作和三角合作以及次区域和区域组织间的合作，以支持内陆和过境发展中国家努力充分、有效地执行《阿拉木图行动纲领》；", "16. 着重指出外国直接投资通过增加就业、转让管理和技术知识以及提供不产生债务的资本流动等方式，在加快发展和减贫方面发挥突出作用，肯定私营部门在参与内陆发展中国家运输、电信和公用事业基础设施发展方面所起的重大作用和潜能，在这方面，鼓励会员国推动对内陆发展中国家的外国直接投资，促请内陆和过境发展中国家推动建立吸引外国直接投资和私营部门参与的有利环境；", "17. 确认内陆发展中国家之间以及内陆发展中国家与过境发展中国家之间需要进行更广泛、更有效的合作，以确保采取协调一致的办法，制订、执行和监测跨界贸易和运输便利化政策改革，在这方面，鼓励内陆和过境发展中国家酌情批准和有效执行有关运输和贸易便利化的国际公约和协定以及区域和次区域协定；", "18. 促请联合国系统各有关组织并邀请其他国际组织，包括世界银行、各区域开发银行、世界海关组织、世界贸易组织、区域经济一体化组织及其他有关区域和次区域组织，将《阿拉木图行动纲领》进一步纳入其相关工作方案，同时充分考虑到中期审查宣言，并鼓励它们酌情在各自的权限内，通过除其他外妥善协调和连贯一致的过境运输及贸易便利化技术援助方案，继续为内陆和过境发展中国家提供适当支助；", "19. 欢迎包括发展伙伴在内的各会员国和包括区域委员会在内的联合国系统为发展基础设施和建立连通能力、实现区域铁路和公路网一体化以及加强内陆和过境发展中国家的法律框架而做出的努力，鼓励各会员国和联合国系统继续提供支持，在这方面，欢迎目前高级代表办事处和非洲经济委员会与非洲联盟委员会以及其他相关国际和区域组织合作，在协助制订《泛非公路网政府间协定》方面所作的努力；", "20. 敦促内陆发展中国家尽早签署和批准《关于建立内陆发展中国家国际智囊团的多边协定》，以便使该智囊团得以全面运作，并邀请高级代表办事处和联合国系统相关组织、包括发展伙伴在内的各会员国及相关国际和区域组织支持该智囊团，使其能够发挥作用；", "21. 决定根据《阿拉木图行动纲领》第49段和中期审查宣言第32段，于2014年举行《阿拉木图行动纲领》执行情况十年度全面审查会议，必要时在审查会议之前以最有效、井然有序、广泛参与的方式开展区域、全球和专题筹备工作；着重指出，在审查进程中，全球和区域各级政府间机制，包括联合国各区域委员会机制以及相关实质性材料和统计数据应得到有效利用；回顾同样根据前述第49段，高级代表办事处被指定为联合国全系统负责会议筹备审查进程的协调中心；并注意到联合国系统各组织，包括联合国贸易和发展会议、联合国开发计划署、各区域委员会和相关国际和区域组织应在各自的权限内，为筹备审查进程和十年度全面审查会议本身提供必要的支持并做出积极贡献；", "22. 又决定在其第六十七届会议上以最有效的方式就拟于2014年举行的《阿拉木图行动纲领》十年度全面审查会议和可能举行的政府间筹备委员会会议的组织事项、地点、会期和日期作出决定；", "23. 鼓励包括发展伙伴在内的各会员国以及私营实体向秘书长设立的信托基金提供自愿捐款，以支持与贯彻执行阿拉木图国际部长级会议成果有关的活动，并支持内陆发展中国家参加筹备进程和十年度全面审查会议本身；", "24. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，说明《阿拉木图行动纲领》的执行情况以及十年度全面审查会议的筹备进展情况；", "25. 决定在大会第六十七届会议临时议程题为“处境特殊的各国家组”的项目下,列入题为“与内陆发展中国家的特殊需要和问题有关的具体行动：内陆和过境发展中国家与捐助国及国际金融和发展机构过境运输合作问题国际部长级会议的成果”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 见第65/1号决议。", "[3] 《内陆和过境发展中国家与捐助国及国际金融和发展机构过境运输合作问题国际部长级会议的报告，2003年8月28日和29日，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图》(A/CONF.202/3)，附件二。", "[4] 同上，附件一。", "[5] A/64/856，附件。", "[6] E/ESCAP/67/22，附件。", "[7] A/66/392，附件。", "[8] A/66/205。", "[9] 见第63/2号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/443/Add.2)]", "66/214. Specific actions related to the particular needs and problems of landlocked developing countries: outcome of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/201 of 23 December 2003, 60/208 of 22 December 2005, 61/212 of 20 December 2006, 62/204 of 19 December 2007, 63/228 of 19 December 2008, 64/214 of 21 December 2009 and 65/172 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[1]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[2]", "Recalling the Almaty Declaration[3] and the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries,[4]", "Recalling also its resolution 63/2 of 3 October 2008, by which it adopted the Declaration of the high-level meeting of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly on the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action,", "Taking note of the Ezulwini Declaration adopted at the Third Meeting of Trade Ministers of Landlocked Developing Countries, held in Ezulwini, Swaziland, on 21 and 22 October 2009,[5]", "Taking note also of the Ulaanbaatar Declaration[6] as an outcome of the High‑level Asia-Pacific Policy Dialogue on the Implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action and Other Development Gaps Faced by the Landlocked Developing Countries, organized jointly by the Government of Mongolia and the Secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and held in Ulaanbaatar from 12 to 14 April 2011,", "Taking note further of the communiqué of the Tenth Annual Ministerial Meeting of Landlocked Developing Countries, held at United Nations Headquarters on 23 September 2011,[7]", "Recognizing that the lack of territorial access to the sea, aggravated by remoteness from world markets, and prohibitive transit costs and risks continue to impose serious constraints on export earnings, private capital inflow and domestic resource mobilization of landlocked developing countries and therefore adversely affect their overall growth and socio-economic development,", "Expressing concern that inadequate transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructure remains a major obstacle to trade and inhibits growth in landlocked developing countries,", "Expressing support to those landlocked developing countries that are emerging from conflict, with a view to enabling them to rehabilitate and reconstruct, as appropriate, political, social and economic infrastructure and to assisting them in achieving their development priorities in accordance with the goals and targets of the Almaty Programme of Action,", "Recognizing that the primary responsibility for establishing effective transit systems rests with landlocked and transit developing countries,", "Reaffirming that the Almaty Programme of Action constitutes a fundamental framework for genuine partnerships between landlocked and transit developing countries and their development partners at the national, bilateral, subregional, regional and global levels,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries”;[8]", "2. Reaffirms the right of access of landlocked countries to and from the sea and freedom of transit through the territory of transit countries by all means of transport, in accordance with the applicable rules of international law;", "3. Also reaffirms that transit countries, in the exercise of their full sovereignty over their territory, have the right to take all measures necessary to ensure that the rights and facilities provided for landlocked countries in no way infringe upon their legitimate interests;", "4. Calls upon landlocked and transit developing countries to take all appropriate measures, as set out in the Declaration of the high-level meeting of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly on the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action,[9] to speed up the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action, and calls upon landlocked developing countries to take greater ownership of the Almaty Programme of Action by further mainstreaming it into their national development strategies;", "5. Calls upon development partners and multilateral and regional financial and development institutions to provide landlocked and transit developing countries with appropriate, substantial and better-coordinated technical and financial assistance, particularly in the form of grants or concessionary loans, for the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "6. Reaffirms its full commitment to urgently address the special development needs of and the challenges faced by landlocked developing countries through the full, timely and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action, as contained in the Declaration on the midterm review;", "7. Acknowledges that landlocked and transit developing countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America have strengthened their policy and governance reform efforts and that development partners, including international financial and development institutions, have paid greater attention to the establishment of efficient transit systems;", "8. Notes with concern that, despite the progress made in implementing the priorities of the Almaty Programme of Action, landlocked developing countries continue to be marginalized in international trade, have serious capacity-building needs in the area of trade and transport facilitation, and face challenges in their efforts to establish efficient transit transport systems which prevent them from fully harnessing the potential of trade as an engine of sustained economic growth and development to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "9. Invites Member States, including development partners, organizations of the United Nations system and other relevant international, regional and subregional organizations, to speed up further the implementation of the specific actions in the five priorities agreed upon in the Almaty Programme of Action and those contained in the Declaration on the midterm review, in a better-coordinated manner, in particular for the construction, maintenance and improvement of their transport, storage and other transit-related facilities, including alternative routes, completion of missing links and improved communications and energy infrastructure, so as to enhance intraregional connectivity, and strengthen analytical capacities to assist in the development and implementation of coherent and comprehensive transport policies to support the transit corridors needed to facilitate trade, and, in this regard, encourages enhanced regional, subregional and bilateral cooperation which offers more appropriate, direct and effective solutions in addressing landlocked and transit country issues;", "10. Expresses concern that the economic growth and social well-being of landlocked developing countries remain highly vulnerable to external shocks and to the multiple challenges faced by the international community, and invites the international community to assist landlocked developing countries in strengthening their resilience and in protecting the advances made towards the realization of the Millennium Development Goals and the priorities of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "11. Encourages the relevant international organizations, including the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, and the United Nations regional commissions, as well as relevant research institutions, to assist the landlocked developing countries, as appropriate, in undertaking research on the vulnerability of landlocked developing countries to external shocks, through the development of a set of vulnerability indicators that can be used by the landlocked developing countries for early warning purposes;", "12. Underlines the importance of international trade and trade facilitation as one of the priorities of the Almaty Programme of Action, notes that the ongoing negotiations of the World Trade Organization on trade facilitation are particularly important for landlocked developing countries to gain a more efficient flow of goods and services as well as improved international competitiveness resulting from lower transaction costs, and calls upon the international community to ensure that the agreement on trade facilitation in the final outcome of the Doha Round fulfils the objective of lowering transaction costs by, inter alia, reducing transport time and enhancing certainty in transborder trade;", "13. Calls upon development partners to implement effectively the Aid for Trade initiative, giving adequate consideration to the special needs and requirements of landlocked developing countries, including capacity-building for the formulation of trade policies, participation in trade negotiations and implementation of trade facilitation measures, as well as the diversification of export products through private-sector involvement, including the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to increasing the competitiveness of the products of landlocked developing countries in export markets;", "14. Recognizes that the economies of many landlocked developing countries are still reliant on a few export commodities, which often have low value addition, and encourages the international community to enhance efforts to support landlocked developing countries in diversifying their economic base, to encourage, on mutually agreed terms, the transfer of technologies related to transit transport systems, including information and communications technology, and to enhance value addition to their exports through the development of their productive capacities;", "15. Encourages the further strengthening of South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation, as well as cooperation among subregional and regional organizations, in support of the efforts of landlocked and transit developing countries towards achieving the full and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "16. Underlines the prominent role that foreign direct investment plays in accelerating development and poverty reduction through employment, the transfer of managerial and technological know-how and non-debt-creating flows of capital, recognizes the considerable role and potential of private-sector involvement in infrastructure development for transport, telecommunications and utilities for landlocked developing countries, and in this regard encourages Member States to facilitate foreign direct investment flows to landlocked developing countries and calls upon landlocked and transit developing countries to promote an enabling environment so as to attract foreign direct investment and private sector involvement;", "17. Recognizes that broader and more effective cooperation among landlocked developing countries and between landlocked and transit developing countries is necessary to ensure a harmonized approach to the design, implementation and monitoring of trade and transport facilitation policy reforms across borders, and in this regard encourages landlocked and transit developing countries to ratify and to implement effectively, as appropriate, international conventions and agreements and regional and subregional agreements on transport and trade facilitation;", "18. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system, and invites other international organizations, including the World Bank, the regional development banks, the World Customs Organization, the World Trade Organization, regional economic integration organizations and other relevant regional and subregional organizations, to further integrate the Almaty Programme of Action into their relevant programmes of work, taking full account of the Declaration on the midterm review, and encourages them to continue, as appropriate, within their respective mandates, their support to landlocked and transit developing countries, through, inter alia, well-coordinated and coherent technical assistance programmes in transit transport and trade facilitation;", "19. Welcomes the efforts made by Member States, including development partners, and the United Nations system, including the regional commissions, in providing infrastructure development and connectivity and the integration of regional rail and road networks and in strengthening the legal frameworks of landlocked and transit developing countries, encourages them to continue providing their support, and in this regard welcomes the ongoing efforts made by the Office of the High Representative and the Economic Commission for Africa, in cooperation with the African Union Commission and other relevant international and regional organizations, towards assisting in the elaboration of the intergovernmental agreement on the Trans-African Highway;", "20. Urges landlocked developing countries to sign and ratify, at their earliest convenience, the Multilateral Agreement for the Establishment of an International Think Tank for Landlocked Developing Countries in order to bring the think tank to full operation, and invites the Office of the High Representative and relevant organizations of the United Nations system, Member States, including development partners, and relevant international and regional organizations to support the think tank so that it can undertake its role;", "21. Decides to hold a comprehensive ten-year review conference on the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action in 2014, in accordance with paragraph 49 of the Almaty Programme of Action and paragraph 32 of the Declaration on the midterm review, preceded, where necessary, by regional and global as well as thematic preparations in a most effective, well-structured and broad participatory manner; underlines that intergovernmental mechanisms at the global and regional levels, including those of the United Nations regional commissions, as well as relevant substantive material and statistical data, should be effectively utilized in the review process; recalls that, also in accordance with the aforesaid paragraph 49, the Office of the High Representative is designated as the United Nations system-wide focal point for the preparatory review process; and notes that United Nations system organizations, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme, the regional commissions and relevant international and regional organizations, within their respective mandates, should provide necessary support and actively contribute to the preparatory review process and the comprehensive ten-year review conference itself;", "22. Also decides to take a decision, at its sixty-seventh session, on the organizational aspects, venue, duration and dates of the comprehensive ten-year review conference on the Almaty Programme of Action and of possible intergovernmental preparatory committee meetings, to be held in 2014 in a most effective manner;", "23. Encourages Member States, including development partners, as well as private entities, to make voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund established by the Secretary-General to support the activities related to the follow-up to the implementation of the outcome of the Almaty International Ministerial Conference, as well as the participation of landlocked developing countries in the preparatory process and in the comprehensive ten-year review conference itself;", "24. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action and on the progress made in the preparatory process for the comprehensive ten-year review conference;", "25. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Groups of countries in special situations”, the sub-item entitled “Specific actions related to the particular needs and problems of landlocked developing countries: outcome of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  See resolution 65/1.", "[3]  Report of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex II.", "[4]  Ibid., annex I.", "[5]  A/64/856, annex.", "[6]  E/ESCAP/67/22, annex.", "[7]  A/66/392, annex.", "[8]  A/66/205.", "[9]  See resolution 63/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/443/Add.2)]", "Specific actions related to the particular needs and problems of landlocked developing countries: outcome of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 58/201 of 23 December 2003, 60/208 of 22 December 2005, 61/212 of 20 December 2006, 62/204 of 19 December 2007, 63/228 of 19 December 2008, 64214 of 21 December 2009 and 63/272 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, including the United Nations Millennium Declaration,", "Recalling further the 2010 high-level plenary meeting on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [2]", "Recalling the Almaty Declaration [3] and the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries, [4]", "Recalling also its resolution 63/2 of 3 October 2008, in which it adopted the declaration of the high-level meeting of its sixty-third session on the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action,", "Takes note of the Declaration of Ezuweni, adopted by the Third Conference of Landlocked Developing Countries Ministers of Trade, held in Ezuwei, Swaziland, on 21 and 22 October 2009, [5]", "Also takes note of the outcome of the high-level Asia-Pacific policy dialogue on the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action and other development gaps faced by landlocked developing countries, held in Ulaanbaatar from 12 to 14 April 2011, namely the Ulaanbaatar Declaration, [6]", "Taking note also of the communiqué of the Tenth Annual Ministerial Conference of Landlocked Developing Countries, held at United Nations Headquarters on 23 September 2011, [7]", "Recognizing that the mobilization of export earnings, private capital flows and domestic resources of landlocked developing countries continues to be severely constrained by the lack of access to sea, coupled with diversion costs and risks from the world market, and that their overall growth and socio-economic development are adversely affected,", "Expressing concern that inadequate transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructure remain a major obstacle to trade, hampering the growth of landlocked developing countries,", "Expressing its support for the landlocked developing countries emerging from conflict in order to enable them, as appropriate, to resume and rebuild their political, social and economic infrastructure and to assist them in achieving their respective priority development goals in accordance with the goals and targets contained in the Almaty Programme of Action,", "Recognizing that the primary responsibility for establishing an effective transit system lies with landlocked and transit developing countries,", "Reaffirming that the Almaty Programme of Action is the fundamental framework for genuine partnerships between landlocked and transit developing countries and their development partners at the national, bilateral, subregional, regional and global levels,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries”;4", "Reaffirms that, in accordance with applicable rules of international law, landlocked States have the right to access the sea and to the freedom to use all means of transport to transit through the territory of the transit State;", "Also reaffirms the right of transit States to take all necessary measures to ensure that the rights and facilities provided to landlocked States do not in any way infringe upon the legitimate interests of the transit countries themselves;", "Urges landlocked and transit developing countries to take all appropriate measures to accelerate the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action, in accordance with the provisions of the General Assembly at its high-level meeting on the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action, and urges landlocked developing countries to increase their ownership of the Almaty Programme of Action and to further mainstream it into their national development strategies;", "Urges development partners, as well as multilateral and regional financial and development institutions, to provide landlocked and transit developing countries with adequate and more coherent substantive and financial assistance, in particular in the form of grants or concessional loans, in order to implement the Almaty Programme of Action;", "Reaffirms its full commitment in the midterm review declaration to urgently address the special development needs and challenges faced by landlocked developing countries through the full, timely and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "Acknowledges that landlocked and transit developing countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America have strengthened their national policy and governance reform efforts, and recognizes that development partners, including international financial and development agencies, are paying greater attention to the establishment of effective transit systems;", "Notes with concern that, while progress has been made towards the achievement of the priority goals of the Almaty Programme of Action, landlocked developing countries continue to be marginalized in international trade, with urgent capacity-building needs in the area of trade and transport facilitation, and face challenges in efforts to establish effective transit transport systems that cannot fully utilize the trade potential as an engine for sustained economic growth and development and achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "Invites Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and other relevant international, regional and subregional organizations, including development partners, to further accelerate, in a more coherent manner, the implementation of specific actions under the five priority goals agreed in the Almaty Programme of Action, as well as the specific actions contained in the midterm review declaration, in particular the construction, maintenance and improvement of transport, storage and other transit-related facilities in those countries, including the construction of standby routes, the ceasing and improvement of communications and energy infrastructure, in order to improve connectivity and analytical capacity in the region, to assist in the development and implementation of coherent and comprehensive transport policies, to support transit corridors required for trade facilitation, and, in this regard, and to encourage regional, subregional, subregional and bilateral cooperation in order to find landlocked and landlocked countries in order to find solutions that are more directly and effective solutions;", "Expresses concern that the economic growth and social well-being of landlocked developing countries continue to be highly vulnerable to the multiple challenges faced by external shocks and the international community, invites the international community to assist landlocked developing countries in their efforts to strengthen resilience and protect the progress achieved in achieving the Millennium Development Goals and the priorities of the Almaty Programme of Action;", "Encourages relevant international organizations, including the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States and the United Nations regional commissions and other relevant research institutions, to assist landlocked developing countries in conducting research on their vulnerability to external shocks, as appropriate, by developing a vulnerable set of indicators available for early warning;", "Stresses the importance of international trade and trade facilitation as a priority objective of the Almaty Programme of Action, notes that the ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations on trade facilitation are particularly important for landlocked developing countries to increase international competitiveness by reducing transaction costs, and urges the international community to ensure that trade facilitation agreements in the final outcome of the Doha Round are achieved, inter alia, by reducing transport time and increasing the certainty of cross-border trade and achieving the goal of reducing transaction costs;", "Urges development partners to effectively implement Aid for Trade programmes, with due consideration to the special needs and requirements of landlocked developing countries, including capacity-building in the areas of trade policy development, participation in trade negotiations and trade facilitation measures, and diversification of export products through the involvement of the injecting private sector, including the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance the competitiveness of landlocked developing countries products in export markets;", "Recognizes that the economies of many landlocked developing countries continue to rely on a number of export commodities, which are often low-value, encourages the international community to make further efforts to support landlocked developing countries in diversifying their economic base and encourage mutually agreed transfer of technologies related to transit transport systems, including information and communications technology, and to increase their value in export products through the development of their productive capacities;", "Encourages further strengthening of South-South and triangular cooperation and cooperation between subregional and regional organizations to support landlocked and transit developing countries in their efforts to fully and effectively implement the Almaty Programme of Action;", "Stresses that foreign direct investment plays a prominent role in accelerating development and poverty reduction, including through increased employment, transfer management and technical knowledge and the provision of capital flows that do not generate debt, and recognizes the important role and potential of the private sector in participating in the transport, telecommunications and public utility infrastructure development of landlocked developing countries, and, in this regard, encourages Member States to promote foreign direct investment to landlocked developing countries and urges landlocked and transit developing countries to promote an enabling environment for attracting FDI and private sector participation;", "Recognizes the need for wider and more effective cooperation among landlocked developing countries and between landlocked developing countries and transit developing countries to ensure a coordinated approach to the development, implementation and monitoring of cross-border trade and transport facilitation policy reforms, and in this regard encourages landlocked and transit developing countries to ratify and effectively implement, as appropriate, international conventions and agreements relating to transport and trade facilitation and regional and subregional agreements;", "Urges all relevant organizations of the United Nations system and invites other international organizations, including the World Bank, regional development banks, the World Customs Organization, the World Trade Organization, regional economic integration organizations and other relevant regional and subregional organizations, to further integrate the Almaty Programme of Action into their relevant programme of work, taking fully into account the declaration of the midterm review, and encourages them, where appropriate, to continue to provide adequate support to landlocked and transit developing countries through, inter alia, appropriate coordination and consistent transit transport and trade facilitation technical assistance programmes;", "Welcomes the efforts of Member States, including development partners, and the United Nations system, including the regional commissions, to develop infrastructure and build connectivity, to achieve regional rail and road network integration and to strengthen the legal framework for landlocked and transit developing countries, and encourages Member States and the United Nations system to continue to provide support, and, in this regard, welcomes the ongoing efforts of the Office of the High Representative and the Economic Commission for Africa, in cooperation with the African Union Commission and other relevant international and regional organizations, to assist in the development of the Intergovernmental Agreement on the Pan-African Road Network;", "Urges landlocked developing countries to sign and ratify, as soon as possible, multilateral agreements on the establishment of an international think tank for landlocked developing countries in order to enable the think tank to be fully operational, and invites the Office of the High Representative and relevant organizations of the United Nations system, including development partners, Member States and relevant international and regional organizations to support it in order to enable it to play its role;", "Decides that, in accordance with paragraph 49 of the Almaty Programme of Action and paragraph 32 of the midterm review declaration, a 10-year comprehensive review of the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action will be held in 2014 and, where necessary, regional, global and thematic preparatory work will be carried out in the most effective, orderly and participatory manner prior to the Review Conference, and stresses that, in the review process, global and regional mechanisms at all levels, including the United Nations regional commissions mechanisms, as well as relevant substantive material and statistical data, shall be effectively utilized; and recalls that the Office of the High Representative has been designated as the focal point for the preparation of the review process at the United Nations system organizations, including the United Nations Development Programme and relevant international and the overall review of the United Nations Development Programme itself;", "Also decides, at its sixty-seventh session, to take a decision, in the most effective manner, on the organization, location, duration and dates of the 10-year comprehensive review of the Almaty Programme of Action, to be held in 2014, and the possible intergovernmental preparatory committee meetings;", "Encourages Member States, including development partners, and private entities, to make voluntary contributions to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General to support activities related to the follow-up to the outcomes of the Almaty International Ministerial Conference and to support the participation of landlocked developing countries in the preparatory process and the 10-year comprehensive review conference itself;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on progress made in the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action and the preparation of the 10-year comprehensive review;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “State groups in special situations”, specific actions relating to the special needs and problems of landlocked developing countries: sub-item of the outcome of the International Ministerial Conference on Transit Transport Cooperation between Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "See resolution 55/2.", "[2] See resolution 63/2.", "[3] Report of the International Ministerial Conference on Transit Transport Cooperation between Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex II.", "Ibid., annex I.", "[5] A/64/856, annex.", "[6] E/ESCAP/67/22, annex.", "[7] A/63/392, annex.", "[8] A/66/205.", "[9] See resolution 63/2." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/444/Add.1)通过]", "66/215. 联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017)", "大会，", "回顾其1992年12月22日第47/196号、1993年12月21日第48/183号、1995年12月20日第50/107号、2001年12月21日第56/207号、2002年12月20日第57/266号、2003年12月23日第58/222号、2004年12月22日第59/247号、2005年12月22日第60/209号、2006年12月20日第61/213号、2007年12月19日第62/205号、2008年12月19日第63/230号、2009年12月21日第64/216号和2010年12月20日第65/174号决议，", "又回顾各国国家元首和政府首脑在千年首脑会议上通过的《联合国千年宣言》，[1] 以及消除赤贫和到2015年使世界上日均收入低于一美元[2] 的人口比例和饥饿人口比例减少一半的国际承诺，", "还回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[3]", "回顾2011年5月在第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议上通过的《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[4] 其目标是到2020年使一半最不发达国家从这一类别毕业，", "又回顾其关于2005年世界首脑会议的发展方面成果、包括千年发展目标和其他国际商定发展目标后续行动的2006年6月30日第60/265号决议、关于加强经济及社会理事会的2006年11月20日第61/16号决议以及题为“世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议成果”的2009年7月9日第63/303号决议，", "欣见经济及社会理事会年度部长级审查有关贫穷问题的讨论，讨论对联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017)的执行工作有着重大的支持作用，", "赞赏地注意到经济及社会理事会2006年实质性会议高级别部分通过的关于在国家和国际两级营造有利于创造充分和生产性就业及人人有体面工作的环境及其对可持续发展的影响的部长级宣言，[5] 以及经济及社会理事会题为“从世界金融和经济危机中复苏：全球就业契约”的2011年7月28日第2011/37号决议，", "回顾发展筹资问题国际会议和《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》，[6]", "又回顾社会发展问题世界首脑会议的成果[7] 和大会第二十四届特别会议的成果，[8]", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标问题的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[9]", "着重指出，面对当前多重相互关联的全球危机和挑战，如金融和经济危机、粮食危机、能源和商品价格波动以及气候变化，现在比以往任何时候都更加需要包括公共部门、私营部门和民间社会在内的所有相关伙伴开展合作和作出更大的承诺，在这方面认识到迫切需要实现包括千年发展目标在内的各项国际商定发展目标，", "关切虽然在减少贫穷、特别是在中等收入国家减少贫穷方面取得了进展，但是这种进展参差不齐，一些国家的贫穷人数继续增加，最贫穷群体中大部分为妇女和儿童，特别是在最不发达国家，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲，", "认识到各国的经济增长率参差不齐，必须除其他外通过促进有利于穷人的增长和社会保护，消除这种差异，", "关切贫穷和不平等问题的全球性，着重指出消除贫穷和饥饿是全人类在道义、社会、政治和经济方面的一项紧迫任务，", "重申消除贫穷是当今世界尤其是非洲和最不发达国家以及一些中等收入国家面临的最严峻的全球性挑战之一，并着重指出必须加速实现基础广泛的包容性可持续经济增长，包括创造充分的生产性就业和体面工作，", "认识到在国家和国际两级调动财政资源促进发展并有效使用这些资源，对建立全球发展伙伴关系，支持实现国际商定发展目标包括千年发展目标，具有核心作用，", "又认识到南南合作和三角合作对发展中国家消除贫穷和谋求可持续发展努力的贡献，", "确认在国家和国际两级实行善治并实现持续、包容和公平的经济增长，辅之以充分就业与体面工作、不断提高的生产力和一个有利的环境，包括公共和私人投资及创业精神，对于消除贫穷，实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，以及提高生活水平必不可少，而企业社会责任倡议在充分实现公共与私人投资实效方面发挥重要作用，", "着重指出，如联合国经济和社会领域各次主要会议和首脑会议的成果所表明，各国国家元首和政府首脑均将消除贫穷视为紧迫优先事项，", "回顾经济及社会理事会将于2012年举行的年度部长级审查的主题是“促进生产能力、就业和体面工作，以便结合在各级实现包容、可持续和公平的经济增长，消除贫穷，实现千年发展目标”，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长在“充分就业和人人有体面工作”专题下关于联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017年)执行情况的报告；[10]", "2. 重申联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017年)的目标是以高效、协调一致的方式支持贯彻落实与消除贫穷有关的国际商定发展目标，包括千年发展目标，并为此对国际支持进行协调；", "3. 又重申每个国家必须对本国的发展承担首要责任，国家政策和战略对于实现可持续发展和消除贫穷的作用怎么强调都不为过，确认各国采取的更多有效努力应当得到旨在扩大发展中国家发展机会的具体、有效的扶持性国际方案、措施和政策的补充，同时应顾及各国的国情，确保尊重国家自主权、战略和主权；", "4. 促请国际社会，包括会员国，处理赤贫和饥饿的根源；", "5. 强调需要将消除贫穷列为联合国发展议程内的最高优先事项，同时强调必须通过国家、政府间和机构间统筹、协调和连贯一致的战略，处理贫穷的根源和挑战；", "6. 重申必须加强联合国在促进国际发展合作方面的领导作用及其在区域一级的作用，这对于消除贫穷至关重要；", "7. 促请国际社会继续优先重视消除贫穷，并促请有此能力的捐助国通过双边或多边渠道提供充足、可预测的财政资源，支持发展中国家在这方面作出有效的国家努力；", "8. 强调指出必须按照联合国经济、社会及有关领域各次主要会议和首脑会议的成果，确保在国家、政府间和机构间各级为消除贫穷开展连贯一致、全面和统筹的活动；", "9. 重申致力于促进充分、自由选择的生产性就业机会，包括促进弱势群体的这种机会，以及促进人人有体面工作，充分尊重在公平、平等、安全和有尊严的条件下工作的基本原则和权利，并重申宏观经济政策除其他外应支持创造就业机会，同时充分考虑到全球化的社会和环境影响和层面，而这些概念是所有国家实现可持续发展的关键因素，因此也是国际合作的优先目标；", "10. 强调教育和培训是增强贫穷者权能的关键要素，同时确认消除贫穷挑战的复杂性，并在这方面确认联合国教育、科学及文化组织在除其他外通过为基层组织和决策者制作教学工具，协调全民教育伙伴和推动制订全部门教育政策方面所发挥的作用；", "11. 确认其他专门机构及联合国基金和方案，包括联合国儿童基金会和联合国开发计划署，在通过教育和培训等方式推动消除贫穷的国际宣传方面所发挥的作用；", "12. 鼓励国际社会增进国际合作，以支持发展中国家、尤其是最不发达国家的农业及农村发展和粮食生产；", "13. 重申必须履行所有官方发展援助承诺，包括许多发达国家作出的到2015年将国民生产总值的0.7%用作对发展中国家的官方发展援助，到2010年至少将国民生产总值的0.5%用作官方发展援助，以及将国民生产总值的0.15%至0.20%用作对最不发达国家的官方发展援助的承诺；", "14 欢迎为改善官方发展援助的质量和加强其对发展的影响作出越来越多的努力，确认经济及社会理事会发展合作论坛并注意到其他举措，例如推出《2005年援助实效问题巴黎宣言》和《2008年阿克拉行动议程》[11] 的援助实效问题高级别论坛，大大推动了为此作出承诺的国家所做的努力，包括通过关于国家自主、调整、协调和成果管理的各项基本原则，并考虑到没有什么一刀切模式能保证有效援助，需要充分考虑每个国家的具体情况；", "15. 决心努力将大会所设世界团结基金投入运作，并邀请会员国、国际组织、私营部门、相关机构、基金会和个人向该基金提供自愿捐款；", "16. 确认持续、包容和公平的经济增长对消除贫穷和饥饿至关重要，在发展中国家尤其如此，并强调指出，应创造有利的国际环境，同时确保各级宏观经济政策、贸易政策和社会政策之间更加连贯一致，以此辅助各国在这方面作出的努力；", "17. 促请会员国继续作出大胆努力，采取更加包容、公平、均衡、稳定和注重发展的可持续社会经济办法，消除贫穷和不平等现象；", "18 确认贫穷具有多个层面，并邀请各国政府在国际社会支持下考虑制订补充措施，以更好地反映这种多层面性质；", "19. 邀请所有利益攸关方，包括会员国、联合国系统相关组织和民间社会组织，分享有关消除赤贫者所受不平等待遇的方案和政策以及推动赤贫者积极参与设计和执行此类方案和政策的良好做法，以期加快在实现千年发展目标方面取得进展同时为关于2015年之后的前进方向的讨论提供参考，并在这方面注意到2011年6月2日和3日在东京举行的千年发展目标后续会议的成果，请秘书长在其关于千年发展目标执行进展情况的报告中汇编此类良好做法；", "20. 再次呼吁联合国系统相关组织与会员国和其他相关利益攸关方协商，考虑开展落实第二个十年的活动；", "21. 回顾有超过二十一个机构、基金、方案和区域委员会参与的机构间全系统消除贫穷行动计划，并请秘书长向会员国详细通报该行动计划的执行情况；", "22. 重申需要最优先地审议消除贫穷问题，为此重申其第63/230号决议中的决定，即在大会第六十八届会议期间，围绕专门讨论消除贫穷问题相关主题的审查进程，召开一次最高适当政治级别的大会会议，作为对第二个十年的贡献，并强调指出，会议和筹备活动应在秘书长提议的2012-2013两年期预算额度内进行，并以最切实高效的方式组织实施；", "23. 关切地注意到，由于全球金融和经济危机，失业和就业不足、尤其是年轻人中的失业和就业不足人数依然居高不下，确认体面工作仍是摆脱贫穷的最佳途径之一，为此邀请捐助国、多边组织和其他发展伙伴继续协助会员国特别是发展中国家采用与国际劳工组织大会第九十八届会议通过的《全球就业契约》相一致的政策，每个国家都可将《全球就业契约》作为总体框架，制订符合本国国情和国家优先目标的一揽子政策，促进就业密集型复苏和可持续发展；", "24. 敦促会员国制订和执行让各地青年人真正有机会找到体面生产性工作的战略，以应对青年失业的全球挑战，并为此强调需要制定一项侧重于青年失业问题的全球青年就业战略；", "25. 敦促国际社会，包括联合国系统，执行与包括千年发展目标在内各项国际商定发展目标有关的成果文件；", "26. 又敦促国际社会，包括联合国系统，落实世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议的成果，[12] 以支持实现第二个十年的各项目标；", "27. 促请联合国系统相关组织在各自任务规定和资源范围内，在会员国提出请求时支持它们加强宏观经济政策能力和国家发展战略，以推动实现第二个十年的各项目标；", "28. 鼓励在体面工作议程基本政策领域分享知识、推动政策对话、促进协同增效、筹集资金、提供技术援助和加强就业问题上的全系统政策一致性等方面，包括通过避免工作重叠，加强联合国系统内的机构间统一与协作；", "29. 决定在大会第六十七届会议临时议程中题为“消除贫穷和其他发展问题”的项目下，列入题为“联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017)的执行情况”的分项目，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况的报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第55/2号决议。", "[2] 自2008年以来，联合国关于千年发展目标的报告一直采用日均1.25美元的贫困线标准。", "[3] 见第60/1号决议。", "[4] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[5] 见《大会正式记录，第六十一届会议，补编第3号》(A/61/3/Rev.1)，第三章，第50段。", "[6] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[7] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[8] S-24/2号决议，附件。", "[9] 见第65/1号决议。", "[10] A/66/221。", "[11] A/63/539，附件。", "[12] 第63/303号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.1)]", "66/215. Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017)", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/196 of 22 December 1992, 48/183 of 21 December 1993, 50/107 of 20 December 1995, 56/207 of 21 December 2001, 57/266 of 20 December 2002, 58/222 of 23 December 2003, 59/247 of 22 December 2004, 60/209 of 22 December 2005, 61/213 of 20 December 2006, 62/205 of 19 December 2007, 63/230 of 19 December 2008, 64/216 of 21 December 2009 and 65/174 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by Heads of State and Government on the occasion of the Millennium Summit,[1] as well as the international commitment to eradicate extreme poverty and to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the world’s people whose income is less than one dollar a day[2] and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger,", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[3]", "Recalling the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[4] adopted in May 2011 at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries with a main aim of enabling half the number of the least developed countries to meet the criteria for graduation by 2020,", "Recalling also its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals, its resolution 61/16 of 20 November 2006 on the strengthening of the Economic and Social Council and its resolution 63/303 of 9 July 2009 entitled “Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development”,", "Welcoming the poverty-related discussions in the annual ministerial reviews held by the Economic and Social Council, which play an important supporting role in the implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017),", "Noting with appreciation the ministerial declaration adopted at the high-level segment of the substantive session of 2006 of the Economic and Social Council on creating an environment at the national and international levels conducive to generating full and productive employment and decent work for all, and its impact on sustainable development,[5] and also Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/37 of 28 July 2011 entitled “Recovering from the world financial and economic crisis: a Global Jobs Pact”,", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[6]", "Recalling also the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development[7] and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly,[8]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[9]", "Underlining the fact that, in the face of the ongoing adverse impacts of the multiple, interrelated global crises and challenges, such as the financial and economic crisis, the food crisis, volatile energy and commodity prices and climate change, cooperation and increased commitment by all relevant partners, including the public sector, the private sector and civil society, are needed more than ever, and recognizing in this context the urgent need to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Expressing concern that, while there has been progress in reducing poverty, especially in some middle-income countries, this progress has been uneven and the number of people living in poverty in some countries continues to increase, with women and children constituting the majority of the most affected groups, especially in the least developed countries and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa,", "Recognizing that rates of economic growth vary among countries and that these differences must be addressed by, among other actions, promoting pro-poor growth and social protection,", "Concerned at the global nature of poverty and inequality, and underlining the fact that the eradication of poverty and hunger is an ethical, social, political and economic imperative of all humankind,", "Reaffirming that eradicating poverty is one of the greatest global challenges facing the world today, particularly in Africa and in least developed countries and in some middle-income countries, and underlining the importance of accelerating sustainable, broad-based and inclusive economic growth, including full, productive employment generation and decent work,", "Recognizing that mobilizing financial resources for development at the national and international levels and the effective use of those resources are central to a global partnership for development in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recognizing also the contributions of South-South and triangular cooperation to the efforts of developing countries to eradicate poverty and to pursue sustainable development,", "Acknowledging that good governance at the national and international levels and sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, supported by full employment and decent work, rising productivity and a favourable environment, including public and private investment and entrepreneurship, are necessary to eradicate poverty, achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and realize a rise in living standards, and that corporate social responsibility initiatives play an important role in maximizing the impact of public and private investment,", "Underlining the priority and urgency given by Heads of State and Government to the eradication of poverty, as expressed in the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling that the theme of the 2012 annual ministerial review to be held by the Economic and Social Council will be “Promoting productive capacity, employment and decent work to eradicate poverty in the context of inclusive, sustainable and equitable economic growth at all levels for achieving the Millennium Development Goals”,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017), under the theme “Full employment and decent work for all”;[10]", "2. Reaffirms that the objective of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017) is to support, in an efficient and coordinated manner, the follow-up to the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, relating to the eradication of poverty and to coordinate international support to that end;", "3. Also reaffirms that each country must take primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and strategies cannot be overemphasized for the achievement of sustainable development and poverty eradication, and recognizes that increased effective national efforts should be complemented by concrete, effective and supportive international programmes, measures and policies aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries, while taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty;", "4. Calls upon the international community, including Member States, to address the root causes of extreme poverty and hunger;", "5. Emphasizes the need to accord the highest priority to poverty eradication within the United Nations development agenda, while stressing the importance of addressing the causes and challenges of poverty through integrated, coordinated and coherent strategies at the national, intergovernmental and inter-agency levels;", "6. Reiterates the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting international cooperation for development and its role at the regional level, which is critical for the eradication of poverty;", "7. Calls upon the international community to continue to give priority to the eradication of poverty, and calls upon donor countries in a position to do so to support the effective national efforts of developing countries in this regard, through adequate, predictable financial resources on bilateral and multilateral bases;", "8. Stresses the importance of ensuring, at the national, intergovernmental and inter-agency levels, coherent, comprehensive and integrated activities for the eradication of poverty in accordance with the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields;", "9. Reaffirms the commitment to promote opportunities for full, freely chosen and productive employment, including for the disadvantaged, as well as decent work for all, with full respect for fundamental principles and rights at work under conditions of equity, equality, security and dignity, and also reaffirms that macroeconomic policies should, inter alia, support employment creation, taking fully into account the social and environmental impact and dimensions of globalization, and that these concepts are key elements of sustainable development for all countries and are therefore a priority objective of international cooperation;", "10. Emphasizes that education and training are among the critical factors in empowering those living in poverty, while recognizing the complexity of the challenge of poverty eradication, and in this regard recognizes the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in coordinating the Education for All partners and in promoting the development of sector-wide education policies by, inter alia, elaborating pedagogical tools for grass-roots organizations and policymakers;", "11. Recognizes the role of other specialized agencies and United Nations funds and programmes, including the United Nations Children’s Fund and the United Nations Development Programme, in contributing to international advocacy for eradicating poverty, including through education and training;", "12. Encourages the international community to enhance international cooperation in support of agricultural and rural development and food production in developing countries, particularly in least developed countries;", "13. Reaffirms the need to fulfil all official development assistance commitments, including the commitments by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries by 2015 and to reach a level of at least 0.5 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance by 2010, as well as a target of 0.15 per cent to 0.20 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to the least developed countries;", "14. Welcomes the increasing efforts to improve the quality of official development assistance and to increase its development impact, recognizes the Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council and notes other initiatives such as the high-level forums on aid effectiveness, which produced the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action,[11] that make important contributions to the efforts of those countries which have made commitments to them, including through the adoption of the fundamental principles of national ownership, alignment, harmonization and managing for results, and bears in mind that there is no one-size-fits-all formula that will guarantee effective assistance and that the specific situation of each country needs to be fully considered;", "15. Resolves to work to operationalize the World Solidarity Fund established by the General Assembly, and invites Member States, international organizations, the private sector, relevant institutions, foundations and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the Fund;", "16. Recognizes that sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth is essential for eradicating poverty and hunger, in particular in developing countries, and stresses that national efforts in this regard should be complemented by an enabling international environment and by ensuring greater coherence among macroeconomic, trade and social policies at all levels;", "17. Calls upon Member States to continue their ambitious efforts to strive for more inclusive, equitable, balanced, stable and development-oriented sustainable socio-economic approaches to overcoming poverty and inequality;", "18. Recognizes that poverty is multidimensional and invites national Governments, supported by the international community, to consider developing complementary measures which better reflect this multidimensionality;", "19. Invites all stakeholders, including Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and civil society organizations, to share good practices of programmes and policies which address inequalities for the benefit of those living in extreme poverty and promote the active participation of those living in extreme poverty in the design and implementation of such programmes and policies, with the aim of accelerating progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and informing the discussions on the way forward after 2015, and in this regard takes note of the outcomes of the Millennium Development Goals follow-up meeting, held in Tokyo on 2 and 3 June 2011, and requests the Secretary-General to include in his annual report on progress in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals a compilation of such good practices;", "20. Reiterates its call to the relevant organizations of the United Nations system to consider activities to implement the Second Decade, in consultation with Member States and other relevant stakeholders;", "21. Recalls the inter-agency system-wide plan of action for poverty eradication involving more than twenty-one agencies, funds, programmes and regional commissions, and requests the Secretary-General to provide details on the implementation of the plan of action to Member States;", "22. Reaffirms the need to give the highest priority to its consideration of the question of poverty eradication, and in that regard reiterates its decision, in resolution 63/230, as a contribution to the Second Decade, to convene, at its sixty-eighth session, a meeting of the General Assembly at the highest appropriate political level centred on the review process devoted to the theme relating to the issue of poverty eradication, and stresses that the meeting and the preparatory activities should be carried out within the budget level proposed by the Secretary-General for the biennium 2012–2013 and should be organized in the most effective and efficient manner;", "23. Notes with concern the continuing high levels of unemployment and underemployment, particularly among young people, as a consequence of the global financial and economic crisis, recognizes that decent work remains one of the best routes out of poverty, and in this regard invites donor countries, multilateral organizations and other development partners to continue to assist Member States, in particular developing countries, in adopting policies consistent with the Global Jobs Pact adopted by the International Labour Conference at its ninety-eighth session, as a general framework within which each country can formulate policy packages specific to its situation and national priorities in order to promote a job-intensive recovery and sustainable development;", "24. Urges Member States to address the global challenge of youth unemployment by developing and implementing strategies that give young people everywhere a real chance to find decent and productive work, and, in this context, stresses the need for the development of a global strategy on youth employment with a focus on youth unemployment;", "25. Urges the international community, including the United Nations system, to implement the outcome documents relating to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "26. Also urges the international community, including the United Nations system, to implement the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development[12] in support of the objectives of the Second Decade;", "27. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates and resources, to support Member States, at their request, in strengthening their macroeconomic policy capacity and national development strategies so as to contribute to achieving the objectives of the Second Decade;", "28. Encourages greater inter-agency convergence and collaboration within the United Nations system in sharing knowledge, promoting policy dialogue, facilitating synergies, mobilizing funds, providing technical assistance in the key policy areas underlying the decent work agenda and strengthening system-wide policy coherence on employment issues, including by avoiding duplication of effort;", "29. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017)”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 55/2.", "[2]  United Nations reports on the Millennium Development Goals have been using, since 2008, a poverty line of US$1.25 a day.", "[3]  See resolution 60/1.", "[4]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[5]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 3 (A/61/3/Rev.1), chap. III, para. 50.", "[6]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[7]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[8]  Resolution S‑24/2, annex.", "[9]  See resolution 65/1.", "[10]  A/66/221.", "[11]  A/63/539, annex.", "[12]  Resolution 63/303, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.1)]", "66/215. Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017)", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/196 of 22 December 1992, 48/183 of 21 December 1993, 50/107 of 20 December 1995, 56/207 of 21 December 2001, 57/266 of 20 December 2002, 58/222 of 23 December 2003, 59/247 of 22 December 2004, 60/209 of 22 December 2005, 61/213 of 20 December 2006, 62/205 of 19 December 2007, 63/230 of 19 December 2008, 64/216 of 21 December 2009 and 65/174 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by heads of State and Government on the occasion of the Millennium Summit, and the international commitments to eradicate extreme poverty and to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the world ' s people whose income is less than one dollar a day and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger,", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[3]", "Recalling the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries in May 2011,[4] which aims to graduate half of the least developed countries from this category by 2020,", "Recalling also its resolutions 60/265 of 30 June 2006 on the follow-up to the development outcome of the 2005 World Summit, including the Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals, 61/16 of 20 November 2006 on the strengthening of the Economic and Social Council and 63/303 of 9 July 2009 on the outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,", "Welcoming the discussion on poverty in the annual ministerial review of the Economic and Social Council, which has a significant support role for the implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017),", "Taking note with appreciation of the ministerial declaration adopted at the high-level segment of the substantive session of 2006 of the Economic and Social Council on creating an environment at the national and international levels conducive to generating full and productive employment and decent work for all, and its impact on sustainable development,[5] and Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/37 of 28 July 2011, entitled “Recovering from the world financial and economic crisis: a Global Jobs Pact”,", "Recalling the International Conference on Financing for Development and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, [6]", "Recalling also the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly,[8]", "Recalling further the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[9]", "Underlining the fact that, in the face of the current multiple and interrelated global crises and challenges, such as the financial and economic crisis, the food crisis, volatile energy and commodity prices and climate change, cooperation and greater commitment by all relevant partners, including the public sector, the private sector and civil society, are more needed than ever, and recognizing in this regard the urgent need to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Expressing concern that, while progress has been made in reducing poverty, especially in middle-income countries, it has been uneven and that the number of people living in poverty in some countries continues to increase, with women and children constituting the majority of the poorest groups, especially in the least developed countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa,", "Recognizing that countries have uneven rates of economic growth and that such disparities must be addressed by, inter alia, promoting pro-poor growth and social protection,", "Concerned about the global nature of poverty and inequality, and underlining that the eradication of poverty and hunger is an ethical, social, political and economic imperative of humankind,", "Reaffirming that eradicating poverty is one of the greatest global challenges facing the world today, particularly in Africa and the least developed countries, as well as in some middle-income countries, and underlining the importance of accelerating broad-based, inclusive and sustained economic growth, including full and productive employment generation and decent work,", "Recognizing that mobilizing financial resources for development at the national and international levels and the effective use of those resources are central to a global partnership for development in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recognizing also the contribution of South-South and triangular cooperation to the efforts of developing countries to eradicate poverty and pursue sustainable development,", "Recognizing that good governance at the national and international levels and sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, supported by full employment and decent work, rising productivity and an enabling environment, including public and private investment and entrepreneurship, are essential for eradicating poverty, achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and improving living standards, and that corporate social responsibility initiatives play an important role in fully realizing the effectiveness of public and private investment,", "Underlining the priority and urgency given by Heads of State and Government to the eradication of poverty, as expressed in the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling that the theme of the annual ministerial review to be held by the Economic and Social Council in 2012 is “Promoting productive capacity, employment and decent work to eradicate poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the context of inclusive, sustainable and equitable economic growth at all levels”,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017) under the theme “Full employment and decent work for all”; [10]", "Reaffirms that the objective of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017) is to support, in an efficient and coordinated manner, the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, related to the eradication of poverty and to coordinate international support to that end;", "3. Also reaffirms that each country must take primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and strategies cannot be overemphasized in the achievement of sustainable development and poverty eradication, and recognizes that increased effective national efforts should be complemented by concrete, effective and supportive international programmes, measures and policies aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries, while taking into account national conditions and ensuring respect for national ownership, strategies and sovereignty;", "Urges the international community, including Member States, to address the root causes of extreme poverty and hunger;", "Stresses the need to accord the highest priority to poverty eradication within the United Nations development agenda, while stressing the need to address the root causes and challenges of poverty through integrated, coordinated and coherent strategies at the national, intergovernmental and inter-agency levels;", "6. Reaffirms the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting international cooperation for development and its role at the regional level, which is essential for the eradication of poverty;", "7. Urges the international community to continue to give priority to the eradication of poverty, and urges donor countries in a position to do so to support the effective national efforts of developing countries in this regard by providing adequate, predictable financial resources, on a bilateral or multilateral basis;", "8. Stresses the importance of ensuring coherent, comprehensive and integrated activities at the national, intergovernmental and inter-agency levels for the eradication of poverty, in accordance with the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields;", "9. Reaffirms the commitment to promote opportunities for full, freely chosen and productive employment, including for vulnerable groups, as well as decent work for all, with full respect for fundamental principles and rights at work under conditions of equity, equality, security and dignity, and also reaffirms that macroeconomic policies should, inter alia, support job creation, taking fully into account the social and environmental impact and dimensions of globalization, which are key elements of sustainable development for all countries and are therefore a priority objective of international cooperation;", "10. Emphasizes that education and training are key elements for the empowerment of people living in poverty, while recognizing the complexity of the challenge of poverty eradication, and in this regard recognizes the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in coordinating Education for All partners and in promoting sector-wide education policy through, inter alia, the development of teaching tools for grass-roots organizations and policymakers;", "11. Recognizes the role of other specialized agencies and United Nations funds and programmes, including the United Nations Children ' s Fund and the United Nations Development Programme, in promoting international advocacy for poverty eradication, including through education and training;", "Encourages the international community to enhance international cooperation to support agriculture and rural development and food production in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries;", "13. Reaffirms the importance of meeting all official development assistance commitments, including the commitments by many developed countries to allocate 0.7 per cent of gross national product to official development assistance to developing countries by 2015 and at least 0.5 per cent of gross national product to official development assistance by 2010, as well as 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national product to least developed countries;", "14. Welcomes the increasing efforts to improve the quality of official development assistance and enhance its development impact, recognizes that the Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council and takes note of other initiatives, such as the launch of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness of 2005 and the High-level Forum on Aid Effectiveness of the Accra Agenda for Action of 2008 [11], have contributed significantly to the efforts of those countries that have made commitments to this end, including through the adoption of the basic principles of national ownership, alignment, harmonization and managing for results, taking into account that there is no one-size-fits-all model to ensure effective assistance and that the specific situation of each country needs to be fully considered;", "15. Resolves to work towards the operationalization of the World Solidarity Fund established by the General Assembly, and invites Member States, international organizations, the private sector, relevant institutions, foundations and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the Fund;", "16. Recognizes that sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth is essential for eradicating poverty and hunger, in particular in developing countries, and stresses that national efforts in this regard should be complemented by an enabling international environment, while ensuring greater coherence between macroeconomic, trade and social policies at all levels;", "17. Urges Member States to continue to make bold efforts to address poverty and inequality through more inclusive, equitable, balanced, stable and development-oriented sustainable socio-economic approaches;", "18. Recognizes the multidimensional nature of poverty, and invites Governments, with the support of the international community, to consider developing complementary measures to better reflect this multidimensional nature;", "19. Invites all stakeholders, including Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and civil society organizations, to share good practices on programmes and policies to combat inequalities among those living in extreme poverty and to promote the active participation of those living in extreme poverty in the design and implementation of such programmes and policies, with a view to accelerating progress towards the Millennium Development Goals while informing discussions on the way forward beyond 2015, and in this regard takes note of the outcome of the Millennium Development Goals follow-up conference, held in Tokyo on 2 and 3 June 2011, and requests the Secretary-General to compile such good practices in his report on progress in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals;", "20. Reiterates its call upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system to consider activities to implement the Second Decade, in consultation with Member States and other relevant stakeholders;", "21. Recalls the inter-agency system-wide action plan for the eradication of poverty, involving more than twenty-one agencies, funds, programmes and regional commissions, and requests the Secretary-General to keep Member States informed in detail on its implementation;", "22. Reaffirms the need to give the highest priority to the consideration of poverty eradication, and in this regard reiterates its decision, in its resolution 63/230, to convene, as a contribution to the Second Decade, a meeting of the General Assembly at the highest appropriate political level, during its sixty-eighth session, on the review process devoted to the theme relating to poverty eradication, and stresses that the meetings and preparatory activities should be within the budget level proposed by the Secretary-General for the biennium 2012-2013 and should be organized in the most effective and efficient manner;", "23. Notes with concern the continuing high levels of unemployment and underemployment, especially among young people, as a result of the global financial and economic crisis, recognizes that decent work remains one of the best ways out of poverty, and in this regard invites donor countries, multilateral organizations and other development partners to continue to assist Member States, in particular developing countries, in adopting policies consistent with the Global Jobs Pact adopted by the General Conference of the International Labour Organization at its ninety-eighth session, which could serve as an overall framework for each country to develop a package of policies that are consistent with its national circumstances and national priorities and promote a job-intensive recovery and sustainable development;", "24. Urges Member States to develop and implement strategies that give young people everywhere a real chance to find decent and productive work in order to address the global challenge of youth unemployment, and in this regard stresses the need for a global youth employment strategy that focuses on youth unemployment;", "25. Urges the international community, including the United Nations system, to implement the outcome documents relating to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "26. Also urges the international community, including the United Nations system, to implement the outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, [12] in support of the objectives of the Second Decade;", "27. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates and resources, to support Member States, upon their request, in strengthening their macroeconomic policy capacities and national development strategies in furtherance of the objectives of the Second Decade;", "28. Encourages the sharing of knowledge, the promotion of policy dialogue, the promotion of synergies, the mobilization of funds, the provision of technical assistance and the strengthening of system-wide policy coherence on employment issues in the basic policy areas of the decent work agenda, including through the strengthening of inter-agency coherence and collaboration within the United Nations system, including by avoiding duplication of efforts;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017)”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 55/2.", "[2] Since 2008, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals report has used a poverty line of $1.25 per day.", "[3] See resolution 60/1.", "[4] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[5] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 3 (A/61/3/Rev.1), chap. III, para. 50.", "[6] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[7] Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[8] Resolution S-24/2, annex.", "[9] See resolution 65/1.", "[10] A/66/221.", "[11] A/63/539, annex.", "[12] Resolution 63/303, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/444/Add.2)通过]", "66/216. 妇女参与发展", "大会，", "回顾其1997年12月18日第52/195号、1999年12月22日第54/210号、2001年12月21日第56/188号、2003年12月23日第58/206号、2004年12月22日第59/248号、2005年12月22日第60/210号、2007年12月19日第62/206号和2009年12月21日第64/217号决议及其关于妇女参与发展的所有其他决议，以及妇女地位委员会通过的相关决议和商定结论，包括委员会第四十九届会议通过的《宣言》，[1]", "重申《北京宣言》[2] 和《行动纲要》[3] 以及题为“2000年妇女：21世纪性别平等、发展与和平”的大会第二十三届特别会议的成果，[4]", "又重申千年首脑会议、[5] 2005年世界首脑会议[6] 以及联合国其他各次主要首脑会议、大型会议和特别会议就性别平等和提高妇女地位作出的承诺，又重申全面、有效、加速履行这些承诺对于实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标不可或缺，", "还重申《联合国千年宣言》⁵ 其中申明必须保证妇女和男子享有平等权利和机会，并呼吁除其他外促进性别平等和增强妇女权能，作为消除贫穷和饥饿、防治疾病及促进真正可持续的发展的有效和必要手段，", "回顾发展筹资问题国际会议[7] 和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的成果、[8]《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》、[9] 以及世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议、[10] 大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议、[11] 艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题高级别会议、[12] 预防和控制非传染性疾病问题大会高级别会议，[13] 第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议[14] 和关于非洲发展需要的高级别会议的成果，[15]", "欢迎联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)于2011年1月1日开始全面运作，注意到妇女署的设立及其工作的开展应使联合国全系统更有效地协调、统一以及将性别平等主流化，并认识到妇女署具有协助会员国和联合国系统更切实有效地实现性别平等和增强妇女权能各项目标的作用，", "注意到联合国系统各组织和机构，特别是各基金和方案以及各专门机构在促进妇女参与发展方面的重要性，", "重申根据大会相关决议和联合国各次会议成果，性别平等对于实现持续和包容性经济增长、消除贫穷和可持续发展至关重要，重申投资于妇女和女孩的发展尤其对所有经济部门，特别是农业、工业和服务业等关键领域的生产力、效率及持续和包容性经济增长具有倍增效应，", "认识到包括在性健康和生殖健康领域获得负担得起的基本保健、预防性保健信息和最高标准的保健，是提高妇女经济地位的关键，缺乏经济权能和独立使妇女更容易遭受一系列消极后果，包括感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险，并认识到，对妇女充分享有人权的忽视严重限制妇女在公共生活和私人生活中的机会，包括受教育及增强经济和政治权能的机会，", "重申需要在2015年之前尽早在各级消除初级和中等教育中存在的性别差距，又重申平等获得各级教育和培训机会，尤其是在商业、贸易、行政、信息和通信技术以及其他新技术领域的教育和培训机会以及满足消除各级性别不平等现象的需要，对于促进性别平等、增强妇女权能、消除贫穷以及使妇女能够充分、平等地为发展做出贡献并有平等机会从发展中获益至关重要，", "又重申妇女对经济做出的重要贡献，重申妇女通过在家庭、社区和工作场所从事有酬和无酬的工作，对经济及消除贫穷和不平等现象做出关键贡献，并重申增强妇女权能是消除贫穷的一个关键因素，", "认识到许多发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家存在的社会经济困境，导致贫穷妇女人数日增，", "在这方面又认识到，必须尊重包括发展权在内的一切人权，必须要有一个除其他外促进正义、性别平等、公平、公民及政治参与以及公民、政治、经济、社会、文化权利和基本自由的国内和国际环境，以推动提高妇女地位和增强妇女权能，", "铭记改变歧视性态度和性别陈规定型观念方面的挑战和障碍，这种态度和观念使针对妇女的歧视和男女定型角色根深蒂固，并强调指出在实行国际标准和规范以应对男女不平等问题方面仍存在挑战和障碍，", "认识到消除贫穷与实现和维护和平相辅相成，又认识到和平与男女平等和发展有着千丝万缕的联系，", "1. 注意到秘书长关于将性别观点纳入国家发展战略的报告；[16]", "2. 吁请会员国、联合国系统组织及其他国际和区域组织在各自权限内，以及包括非政府组织在内的民间社会各界及所有妇女和男子充分投入，加紧努力，为执行《北京宣言》² 和《行动纲要》³ 以及大会第二十三届特别会议的成果⁴ 做出贡献；", "3. 确认在性别平等与消除贫穷和实现所有千年发展目标之间存在相辅相成的联系，确认需要酌情与所有有关利益攸关方协商，制定和执行处理社会问题、结构性问题和宏观经济问题并对性别问题有敏感认识的消除贫穷综合战略；", "4. 强调需要按照《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》⁷ 和《发展筹资问题多哈宣言:审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》⁹的目标，将经济发展政策与社会发展政策挂钩，确保全体人民，包括处境贫穷和脆弱的人群受益于包容性经济增长和发展；", "5. 敦促会员国、联合国系统和非政府组织加快努力并提供足够资源，增进妇女在政府所有最高级决策机构和国际组织治理结构中的发言权及全面平等参与，包括通过消除在任命和晋升中的性别陈规定型观念，并增进妇女作为变革推动者的能力，使妇女有能力积极有效地参与设计、执行、监测、评价和报告国家的发展、除贫和环境政策、战略和方案；", "6. 鼓励会员国继续酌情促进包括妇女组织在内的民间社会参与国家发展政策领域的政府决策；", "7. 鼓励会员国和联合国系统确保系统地关注、承认和支持妇女通过除其他外加强妇女能力、领导力和对政治与经济决策的参与，在预防和解决冲突、在调解和建设和平努力以及在重建冲突后社会中发挥的关键作用；", "8. 强调指出，会员国、包括联合国在内的国际组织、私营部门、非政府组织、工会和其他利益攸关方必须采取适当措施，查明并应对世界金融和经济危机、剧烈波动的能源价格和粮食危机以及气候变化带来的挑战正在对妇女和女孩造成的消极影响，并为实现性别平等和增强妇女权能保持足够的供资水平；", "9. 又强调指出，会员国、包括联合国在内的国际组织、私营部门、非政府组织、工会和其他利益攸关方，必须在所有生活领域为妇女有效参与发展创造有利和有益的国内和国际环境，必须从性别平等角度对与宏观经济稳定、结构改革、税收、投资，包括外国直接投资以及所有相关经济部门有关的政策和方案进行分析并传播分析结果；", "10. 敦促捐助界、会员国、包括联合国在内的国际组织、私营部门、非政府组织、工会和其他利益攸关方通过性别平等主流化、为有针对性的活动供资以及加强捐助者与合作伙伴的对话，进一步关注以性别平等和增强妇女和女孩权能为目标的发展援助和强化其影响，并加强各种必要的机制，有效计量用于将性别平等观点纳入发展援助各个领域的资源；", "11. 敦促会员国根据性别平等目标将性别平等观点纳入国家发展战略的设计、执行、监测、评价和报告工作，确保有关性别平等的国家行动计划符合国家发展战略，鼓励男子和男孩参与促进性别平等，并在这方面促请联合国系统支持各国努力制定方法和工具，并促进能力建设和评价工作；", "12. 鼓励会员国确保负责性别平等和增强妇女权能的国家机制以包容各方的方式更有效地参与制定国家发展战略，包括旨在消除贫穷和减少不平等现象的战略，并促请联合国系统支持各国在这方面的努力；", "13. 又鼓励会员国酌情通过为国家妇女机构以及为和在各职能部划拨充足的财政和人力资源、设立和(或)加强专门的性别平等和增强妇女权能单位，以及为技术人员提供能力发展机会并制定工具和准则，提高性别平等主流化能力；", "14. 鼓励会员国、联合国系统和捐助国加强注重两性平等的规划和预算进程，并酌情为此目的以及为监测与评估性别平等投资结果制定和加强相应的方法与工具，并鼓励捐助者将性别平等观点纳入其实践，包括联合协调和问责机制的主流；", "15. 鼓励会员国制定并执行旨在促进工作与家庭责任兼顾的法律和政策，包括为此增加工作安排的灵活性，如非全时工作和为有职业的母亲进行母乳喂养提供便利，为儿童和其他受扶养人提供看护设施，以及确保男女均享有产假、陪产假、育儿假和其他形式的休假，且在享受这种福利时不会受到歧视；", "16. 深切关注对妇女和女孩的暴力行为的普遍性，重申需要进一步加强努力，防止和消除对妇女和女孩的所有形式暴力行为，并认识到，对妇女和女孩的暴力行为是妇女实现平等、发展与和平目标的一个障碍，而妇女被排斥在外无法参与社会政策和分享可持续发展惠益可导致她们贫穷、缺乏政治、社会和经济权能以及地位边缘化，从而使她们更易遭受暴力风险；", "17. 鼓励各国政府、私营部门、非政府组织和民间社会其他行为体促进和保护女工的权利，采取行动消除实现工作场所性别平等的结构性和法律障碍，破除对工作场所性别平等的陈规定型态度，并着手采取积极措施，促进同等工作同等报酬或同值工作同等报酬；", "18. 敦促各国政府为促进充分生产性就业及人人有体面工作，包括确保城乡地区的男女都能充分参与，制定并执行积极的劳动力市场政策，并为此提供充足的资源；", "19. 促请各国政府加强努力，在工时、条件和工资诸方面，保护家庭佣工包括移民妇女的权利，确保其享有体面的工作条件，并增强获得保健服务和其他社会经济惠益的机会；", "20. 鼓励会员国制定和(或)审查并充分执行对性别问题有敏感认识的立法和政策，通过有明确针对性的措施，减少横向和纵向职业隔离及男女工资差距；", "21. 敦促全体会员国从性别平等角度对国家劳动法律和标准进行分析，并在这方面以包括《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[17] 和劳工组织各项公约在内的多边文书为基础，对就业做法包括跨国公司的就业做法制订对性别问题有敏感认识的政策和准则，其中应特别关注出口加工区；", "22. 强调指出，必须制定促进可持续生产性创业活动的国家战略，并鼓励各国政府营造有利于增加女企业家人数和扩大其企业规模的氛围，为此增加妇女获得金融工具的机会，向她们提供商业、行政及信息和通信技术方面的培训和咨询服务，推动建立网络和共享信息，使妇女更多地参加咨询委员会和其他论坛，以使她们能为拟订和审查金融机构正在制订的政策和方案作出贡献；", "23. 敦促全体会员国采取一切适当措施，在获得各种金融服务和产品，包括银行贷款、银行账户、抵押贷款和其他形式金融信贷的机会方面消除对妇女的歧视，不管她们具有何种经济和社会地位，协助妇女获得法律援助，并鼓励金融部门将性别平等观念纳入其各项政策和方案；", "24. 认识到包括小额信贷在内的小额金融服务在消除贫穷、增强妇女权能和创造就业方面的作用，在这方面注意到健全的国家金融体制的重要性，并鼓励通过国际金融机构支助等方式加强现有的和新的小额信贷机构及其能力；", "25. 敦促各国政府确保小额金融方案注重开发安全、方便、妇女可获得的储蓄产品，支持妇女努力保留对其储蓄的控制权；", "26. 敦促各国政府消除教育领域对妇女的歧视，确保妇女平等享有接受各级教育的机会；", "27. 敦促会员国制定和审查立法和政策，确保妇女通过继承、土地改革方案和土地市场等途径享有获得和控制土地、住房和其他财产的平等机会，并采取措施执行这些法律和政策；", "28. 敦促各国政府采取措施，为平等获取土地权和财产权提供便利，为此提供旨在促使司法、立法和行政系统对性别平等问题有更敏感认识的培训，向提出权利诉求的妇女提供法律援助，支持妇女团体及网络的工作，并开展提高认识运动，以便提请人们注意需要确保妇女在获得土地和财产方面的平等权利；", "29. 确认需要增强妇女特别是贫穷妇女的经济和政治权能，在这方面鼓励各国政府在其发展伙伴支助下，投资兴建适当的基础设施和开办其他项目，包括向农村地区和城市贫民区提供水和环境卫生，以改善健康和福祉，减轻妇女和女孩的工作量，让她们腾出时间和精力从事其他生产性活动，包括创业；", "30. 又确认农业对发展的核心作用，强调指出必须审查农业政策和战略，确保妇女在粮食安全和营养保障方面的重要作用得到认同，并将其视为短期和长期应对发展中国家粮食无保障、价格过渡波动和粮食危机办法的一个组成部分；", "31. 还确认农村妇女包括土著妇女及其传统知识对促进农业和农村发展、加强粮食安全和消除农村贫穷所起的关键作用和所做的关键贡献；", "32. 关切艾滋病毒和艾滋病流行病的总体蔓延情况，妇女和女孩受艾滋病毒和艾滋病的影响仍然最为严重，她们更容易受感染，照顾病患的负担过重，也更容易因艾滋病毒和艾滋病危机而遭受暴力、羞辱和歧视、贫穷，并因此被家庭和社区边缘化；考虑到尽管取得了实质进展，但是2010年没有按期达到普及全面的艾滋病毒预防方案、治疗、照顾和支助的目标，促请各国政府和国际社会立即加大应对力度，实现该项普及目标，并按照《2011年关于艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题的政治宣言：加大行动力度，消灭艾滋病毒和艾滋病》，¹² 确保国家应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病的措施能满足妇女和女孩，包括感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病并受其影响的妇女和女孩一生的具体需要；", "33. 重申国际人口与发展会议规定的到2015年实现人人享有生殖健康的承诺，[18] 为此把这项目标纳入旨在实现包括《联合国千年宣言》⁵ 所载目标在内的各项国际商定发展目标的战略之中，以便降低孕产妇死亡率，改善产妇保健，降低儿童死亡率，促进性别平等，防治艾滋病毒和艾滋病及消除贫穷；", "34. 敦促各国政府和社会各界如《预防和控制非传染性疾病问题大会高级别会议的政治宣言》¹³ 所指出，促进并追求利用以按性别和年龄分类的数据为依据的基于性别的方法来预防和控制非传染性疾病，努力解决严重性迅速加剧的非传染性疾病的重大发病差异，这些非传染性疾病包括影响到各个年龄段、性别、种族和收入水平人口的心血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸道疾病和糖尿病，并注意到，贫穷人口和处境脆弱者，特别是在发展中国家，承受着不成比例的重负，并且非传染性疾病可对男女产生不同影响，因为除其他外，妇女过多地承受了照顾他人的负担；", "35. 深切关注孕产妇保健仍然是一个受世界上一些最严重的保健不公现象困扰的领域，并关切在改善儿童和孕产妇保健方面进展参差不齐，为此促请各国落实关于预防和降低儿童和孕产妇死亡率和发病率的承诺，在此方面欢迎秘书长关于加强妇女儿童健康的全球战略，以及有助于降低孕产妇、新生儿和五岁以下儿童死亡人数的国家、区域和国际倡议；", "36. 确认所有捐助方需要维持和落实现有的双边和多边官方发展援助承诺和具体目标，充分履行这些承诺会大幅增加用于推进国际发展议程的资源；", "37. 又确认需要加强政府将性别平等观念纳入政策和决策的能力，并鼓励各国政府，包括联合国系统在内的国际组织、以及其他利益攸关方通过提供技术援助和财政资源等途径，协助和支持发展中国家努力将性别平等观念纳入政策制定的所有方面；", "38. 鼓励国际社会、联合国系统、私营部门和民间社会继续提供必要的财政资源，协助各国政府努力实现社会发展问题世界首脑会议、第四次妇女问题世界会议、国际人口与发展会议、千年首脑会议、发展筹资问题国际会议、可持续发展问题世界首脑会议、第二次老龄问题世界大会、大会第二十三和二十四届特别会议以及联合国其他相关大型会议和首脑会议商定的各项发展目标和基准；", "39. 敦促多边捐助方，并邀请国际金融机构在各自权限内以及区域开发银行，审查和执行有关政策，支持各国努力确保妇女特别是农村和偏远地区妇女能得到更高比例的资源；", "40. 强调指出，必须改善按性别和年龄分列的数据的收集、分析和传播工作并使之制度化，必须拟订对性别问题有敏感认识的具体相关指标，以支持决策和负责监测和报告进展情况和影响的国家系统；并在这方面鼓励发达国家和联合国系统有关实体应发展中国家的请求，在建立、发展和加强发展中国家的数据库和信息系统方面向它们提供支持和援助；", "41. 促请联合国系统所有组织在各自组织任务范围内将性别平等观念纳入主流，在其国家方案、规划工具和全部门的方案中谋求实现性别平等，并根据国家发展战略，提出国家一级在这一领域的具体目标和指标；并欢迎妇女署与联合国国家工作队合作，应会员国的请求，协助它们按照各自的国家优先次序将性别平等观念纳入国家发展政策和战略，并强调妇女署可发挥重要作用，领引、协调和推进联合国系统问责制，确保关于性别平等和将性别平等纳入主流的承诺能够兑现成为全世界的有效行动；", "42. 促请联合国发展系统各组织在其组织权限内进一步改进其问责机制，并将政府间商定的性别平等成果和对性别问题有敏感认识的指标纳入其战略框架；", "43. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告，说明在执行本决议的进展情况，包括将性别平等观念纳入国家发展战略的情况；", "44. 决定在大会第六十八届会议临时议程题为“消除贫穷和其他发展问题”的项目下，列入题为“妇女参与发展”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2005年，补编第7号》和更正(E/2005/27和Corr.1)，第一章，A节。", "[2] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[3] 同上，附件二。", "[4] S-23/2号决议，附件；S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[5] 见第55/2号决议。", "[6] 见第60/1号决议。", "[7] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[8] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第1章，决议2，附件。", "[9] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[10] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[11] 见第65/1号决议。", "[12] 第65/277号决议,附件。", "[13] 第66/2号决议,附件。", "[14] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第一和二章。", "[15] 见第63/1号决议。", "[16] A/66/219。", "[17] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[18] 见《国际人口与发展会议的报告，1994年9月5日至13日，开罗》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.95.XIII.18)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.2)]", "66/216. Women in development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/195 of 18 December 1997, 54/210 of 22 December 1999, 56/188 of 21 December 2001, 58/206 of 23 December 2003, 59/248 of 22 December 2004, 60/210 of 22 December 2005, 62/206 of 19 December 2007 and 64/217 of 21 December 2009, and all its other resolutions on the integration of women in development, and the relevant resolutions and agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women, including the Declaration adopted at its forty-ninth session,[1]", "Reaffirming the Beijing Declaration[2] and Platform for Action[3] and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly, entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century”,[4]", "Reaffirming also the commitments to gender equality and the advancement of women made at the Millennium Summit,[5] the 2005 World Summit[6] and other major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions, and reaffirming further that their full, effective and accelerated implementation is integral to achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Reaffirming further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,⁵ which affirms that the equal rights and opportunities of women and men must be assured, and calls for, inter alia, the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women as being effective in and essential to eradicating poverty and hunger, combating diseases and stimulating development that is truly sustainable,", "Recalling the outcomes of the International Conference on Financing for Development[7] and the World Summit on Sustainable Development,[8] the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[9] the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,[10] and the outcomes of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[11] the high-level meeting on HIV and AIDS,[12] the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,[13] the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries[14] and the high-level meeting on Africa’s development needs,[15]", "Welcoming the full operationalization of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) on 1 January 2011, noting that its establishment and the conduct of its work should lead to more effective coordination, coherence and gender mainstreaming across the United Nations, and recognizing its role to assist Member States and the United Nations system in progressing more effectively and efficiently towards the goals of achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women,", "Noting the importance of the organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, in particular its funds and programmes, and the specialized agencies, in facilitating the advancement of women in development,", "Reaffirming that gender equality is of fundamental importance for achieving sustained and inclusive economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and United Nations conferences, and that investing in the development of women and girls has a multiplier effect, in particular on productivity, efficiency and sustained and inclusive economic growth, in all sectors of the economy, especially in key areas such as agriculture, industry and services,", "Recognizing that access to basic affordable health care, preventive health-care information and the highest standard of health, including in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, is critical to women’s economic advancement, that lack of economic empowerment and independence increases women’s vulnerability to a range of negative consequences, including the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, and that the neglect of women’s full enjoyment of human rights severely limits their opportunities in public and private life, including the opportunities for receiving an education and for achieving economic and political empowerment,", "Reaffirming the need to eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education by the earliest possible date and at all levels by 2015, and reaffirming also that equal access to education and training at all levels, in particular in business, trade, administration, information and communications technology and other new technologies, and fulfilment of the need to eliminate gender inequalities at all levels are essential for gender equality, the empowerment of women and poverty eradication and to allowing women’s full and equal contribution to, and equal opportunity to benefit from, development,", "Reaffirming also the significant contributions that women make to the economy, that women are key contributors to the economy and to combating poverty and inequalities through both remunerated and unremunerated work at home, in the community and in the workplace, and that the empowerment of women is a critical factor in the eradication of poverty,", "Recognizing that the difficult socio-economic conditions that exist in many developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, have contributed to the feminization of poverty,", "Recognizing also, in this context, the importance of respect for all human rights, including the right to development, and of a national and international environment that promotes, inter alia, justice, gender equality, equity, civil and political participation and civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and fundamental freedoms for the advancement and empowerment of women,", "Bearing in mind the challenges and obstacles to changing discriminatory attitudes and gender stereotypes, which perpetuate discrimination against women and stereotypic roles of men and women, and stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of international standards and norms to address the inequality between men and women,", "Recognizing that poverty eradication and the achievement and preservation of peace are mutually reinforcing, and recognizing also that peace is inextricably linked to equality between women and men and to development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on integrating a gender perspective into national development strategies;[16]", "2. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, within their respective mandates, and all sectors of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, as well as all women and men, to fully commit themselves and to intensify their contributions to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration² and Platform for Action³ and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly;⁴", "3. Recognizes the mutually reinforcing links between gender equality and poverty eradication and the achievement of all of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the need to elaborate and implement, where appropriate, in consultation with all relevant stakeholders, comprehensive gender-sensitive poverty eradication strategies that address social, structural and macroeconomic issues;", "4. Emphasizes the need to link policies on economic and social development to ensure that all people, including those living in poverty and in vulnerable situations, benefit from inclusive economic growth and development, in accordance with the goals of the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development⁷ and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus;⁹", "5. Urges Member States, the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations to accelerate their efforts and provide adequate resources to increase the voice and full and equal participation of women in all decision-making bodies at the highest levels of government and in the governance structures of international organizations, including through eliminating gender stereotyping in appointments and promotions, to build women’s capacity as agents of change and to empower them to participate actively and effectively in the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting of national development, poverty eradication and environmental policies, strategies and programmes;", "6. Encourages Member States to continue to increase, as appropriate, the participation of civil society, including women’s organizations, in Government decision-making in national development policy areas;", "7. Encourages Member States and the United Nations system to ensure systematic attention to, recognition of and support for the crucial role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflict, in mediation and peacebuilding efforts and in the rebuilding of post-conflict society, inter alia, through promoting women’s capacity, leadership and engagement in political and economic decision-making;", "8. Stresses the importance of the adoption by Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders of appropriate measures to identify and address the ongoing adverse impacts of the world financial and economic crisis, volatile energy prices and the food crisis, and the challenges posed by climate change for women and girls, and of maintaining adequate levels of funding for the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women;", "9. Also stresses the importance of the creation by Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non‑governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders of a favourable and conducive national and international environment in all areas of life for the effective integration of women in development, and of their undertaking and disseminating a gender analysis of policies and programmes related to macroeconomic stability, structural reform, taxation, investments, including foreign direct investment, and all relevant sectors of the economy;", "10. Urges the donor community, Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders to strengthen the focus and impact of development assistance targeting gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls through gender mainstreaming, the funding of targeted activities and enhanced dialogue between donors and partners, and to also strengthen the mechanisms needed to measure effectively the resources allocated to incorporating gender perspectives in all areas of development assistance;", "11. Urges Member States to incorporate a gender perspective, commensurate with gender-equality goals, into the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting of national development strategies, to ensure alignment between national action plans on gender equality and national development strategies, and to encourage the involvement of men and boys in the promotion of gender equality, and in this regard calls upon the United Nations system to support national efforts to develop methodologies and tools and to promote capacity-building and evaluation;", "12. Encourages Member States to ensure inclusive and more effective participation of national mechanisms for gender equality and women’s empowerment in the formulation of national development strategies, including strategies aimed at eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities, and calls upon the United Nations system to support national efforts in this regard;", "13. Also encourages Member States, as appropriate, to strengthen capacities for gender mainstreaming by allocating adequate financial and human resources to national women’s machineries as well as to and within line ministries, establishing and/or strengthening dedicated units for gender equality and the empowerment of women, and providing capacity development for technical staff, and developing tools and guidelines;", "14. Encourages Member States, the United Nations system and donor countries to strengthen gender-responsive planning and budgeting processes and to develop and strengthen methodologies and tools for this purpose as well as for the monitoring and evaluation of investments for gender-equality results, as appropriate, and encourages donors to mainstream a gender perspective in their practices, including joint coordination and accountability mechanisms;", "15. Encourages Member States to adopt and implement legislation and policies designed to promote the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities, including through increased flexibility in working arrangements, such as part-time work, and the facilitation of breastfeeding for working mothers, to provide care facilities for children and other dependants, and to ensure that both women and men have access to maternity or paternity, parental and other forms of leave and are not discriminated against when availing themselves of such benefits;", "16. Expresses deep concern about the pervasiveness of violence against women and girls, reiterates the need to further intensify efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, and recognizes that violence against women and girls is one of the obstacles to the achievement of the objectives of equality, development and peace and that women’s poverty and lack of political, social and economic empowerment, as well as their marginalization, may result from their exclusion from social policies for and the benefits of sustainable development and can place them at increased risk of violence;", "17. Encourages Governments, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and other actors of civil society to promote and protect the rights of women workers, to take action to remove structural and legal barriers to, as well as eliminate stereotypic attitudes towards, gender equality at work, and to initiate positive steps towards promoting equal pay for equal work or for work of equal value;", "18. Urges Governments to develop, adequately resource and implement active labour-market policies on full and productive employment and decent work for all, including the full participation of women and men in both rural and urban areas;", "19. Calls upon Governments to strengthen efforts to protect the rights of, and ensure decent work conditions for, domestic workers, including migrant women, in relation to, inter alia, working hours, conditions and wages, and to promote access to health-care services and other social and economic benefits;", "20. Encourages Member States to adopt and/or review and to fully implement gender-sensitive legislation and policies that reduce, through specifically targeted measures, horizontal and vertical occupational segregation and gender-based wage gaps;", "21. Urges all Member States to undertake a gender analysis of national labour laws and standards and to establish gender-sensitive policies and guidelines for employment practices, including for transnational corporations, with particular attention to export-processing zones, building in this regard on multilateral instruments, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[17] and conventions of the International Labour Organization;", "22. Stresses the importance of developing national strategies for the promotion of sustainable and productive entrepreneurial activities, and encourages Governments to create a climate that is conducive to increasing the number of women entrepreneurs and the size of their businesses by giving them equal access to financial instruments, providing them with training and advisory services in business, administration and information and communications technology, facilitating networking and information-sharing and increasing their participation on advisory boards and in other forums so as to enable them to contribute to the formulation and review of policies and programmes being developed by financial institutions;", "23. Urges all Member States to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women with regard to their access to all types of financial services and products, including bank loans, bank accounts, mortgages and other forms of financial credit, regardless of their economic and social status, to support women’s access to legal assistance and to encourage the financial sector to mainstream gender perspectives in their policies and programmes;", "24. Recognizes the role of microfinance, including microcredit, in the eradication of poverty, the empowerment of women and the generation of employment, notes in this regard the importance of sound national financial systems, and encourages the strengthening of existing and emerging microcredit institutions and their capacities, including through the support of international financial institutions;", "25. Urges Governments to ensure that microfinance programmes focus on developing savings products that are safe, convenient and accessible to women and support women’s efforts to retain control over their savings;", "26. Urges all Governments to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of education and ensure their equal access to all levels of education;", "27. Urges Member States to adopt and review legislation and policies to ensure women’s equal access to and control over land, housing and other property, including through inheritance, land reform programmes and land markets, and to take measures to implement those laws and policies;", "28. Urges Governments to take measures to facilitate equitable access to land and property rights by providing training designed to make the judicial, legislative and administrative system more responsive to gender-equality issues, to provide legal aid for women seeking to claim their rights, to support the efforts of women’s groups and networks and to carry out awareness campaigns so as to draw attention to the need for women’s equal rights to land and property;", "29. Recognizes the need to empower women, particularly poor women, economically and politically, and in this regard encourages Governments, with the support of their development partners, to invest in appropriate infrastructure and other projects, including the provision of water and sanitation to rural areas and urban slums, to increase health and well-being, relieve the workloads of women and girls and release their time and energy for other productive activities, including entrepreneurship;", "30. Also recognizes the central role of agriculture in development, and stresses the importance of reviewing agricultural policies and strategies to ensure that women’s critical role in food and nutritional security is recognized and addressed as an integral part of both short- and long-term responses to food insecurity, excessive price volatility and food crises in developing countries;", "31. Further recognizes the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women, and their traditional knowledge, in enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and eradicating rural poverty;", "32. Expresses concern at the overall expansion of the HIV and AIDS epidemic and the fact that women and girls are still the most affected by HIV and AIDS, that they are more easily infected, that they bear a disproportionate share of the caregiving burden and that they are more vulnerable to violence, stigmatization and discrimination, poverty and marginalization from their families and communities as a result of HIV and AIDS, and taking into account that despite substantial progress, the 2010 deadline of universal access has not been met, calls upon Governments and the international community to urgently scale up responses towards achieving the goal of universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention programmes, treatment, care and support and, in line with the 2011 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS,¹² to ensure that national responses to HIV and AIDS meet the specific needs of women and girls, including those living with and affected by HIV and AIDS across their lifespan;", "33. Reaffirms the commitment to achieve universal access to reproductive health by 2015, as set out at the International Conference on Population and Development,[18] by integrating this goal into strategies for attaining the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration⁵ aimed at reducing maternal mortality, improving maternal health, reducing child mortality, promoting gender equality, combating HIV and AIDS and eradicating poverty;", "34. Urges Governments and all sectors of society to promote and to pursue gender-based approaches to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases based on data disaggregated by sex and age in their effort to address the critical differences in the rapidly growing magnitude of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, which affect people of all ages, gender, race and income levels, as noted in the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,¹³ and notes that poor populations and those living in vulnerable situations, in particular in developing countries, bear a disproportionate burden and that non-communicable diseases can affect women and men differently, because, inter alia, women bear a disproportionate share of the burden of caregiving;", "35. Expresses deep concern that maternal health remains one area constrained by some of the largest health inequities in the world, and over the uneven progress in improving child and maternal health, and in this context calls upon States to implement their commitments to preventing and reducing child and maternal mortality and morbidity, and welcomes in that regard the Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health as well as national, regional and international initiatives contributing to the reduction in the number of maternal deaths and deaths of the newborn and children under age 5;", "36. Recognizes that there is a need for all donors to maintain and deliver on their existing bilateral and multilateral official development assistance commitments and targets, and that the full implementation of those commitments will substantially boost resources available to push forward the international development agenda;", "37. Also recognizes the need to strengthen the capacity of Governments to incorporate a gender perspective into policies and decision-making, and encourages all Governments, international organizations, including the United Nations system, and other relevant stakeholders to assist and support the efforts of developing countries in integrating a gender perspective into all aspects of policymaking, including through the provision of technical assistance and financial resources;", "38. Encourages the international community, the United Nations system, the private sector and civil society to continue to provide the financial resources necessary to assist Governments in their efforts to meet the development targets and benchmarks agreed upon at the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women, the International Conference on Population and Development, the Millennium Summit, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the twenty-third and twenty-fourth special sessions of the General Assembly and other relevant United Nations conferences and summits;", "39. Urges multilateral donors, and invites international financial institutions, within their respective mandates, and regional development banks to review and implement policies that support national efforts to ensure that a higher proportion of resources reaches women, in particular in rural and remote areas;", "40. Stresses the importance of improving and systematizing the collection, analysis and dissemination of data disaggregated by sex and age, and of developing gender-sensitive indicators that are specific and relevant with respect to supporting policymaking and national systems for monitoring and reporting on progress and impact, and in that regard encourages developed countries and relevant entities of the United Nations system to provide support and assistance to developing countries, upon their request, with respect to establishing, developing and strengthening their databases and information systems;", "41. Calls upon all organizations of the United Nations system, within their organizational mandates, to mainstream a gender perspective and to pursue gender equality in their country programmes, planning instruments and sector-wide programmes and to articulate specific country-level goals and targets in this domain in accordance with national development strategies, and welcomes the work of UN-Women with United Nations country teams in assisting Member States, at their request, in integrating a gender perspective into national development policies and strategies, in accordance with their national priorities, and stresses its important role in leading, coordinating and promoting the accountability of the United Nations system so as to ensure that the commitment to gender equality and gender mainstreaming translates into effective action throughout the world;", "42. Calls upon the organizations of the United Nations development system, within their organizational mandates, to further improve their institutional accountability mechanisms and to include intergovernmentally agreed gender-equality results and gender-sensitive indicators in their strategic frameworks;", "43. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including on integrating a gender perspective into national development strategies;", "44. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Women in development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 7 and corrigendum (E/2005/27 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A.", "[2]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[3]  Ibid., annex II.", "[4]  Resolution S‑23/2, annex, and resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[5]  See resolution 55/2.", "[6]  See resolution 60/1.", "[7]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[8]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[9]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[10]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[11]  See resolution 65/1.", "[12]  Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[13]  Resolution 66/2, annex.", "[14]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chaps. I and II.", "[15]  See resolution 63/1.", "[16]  A/66/219.", "[17]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[18]  See Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.2)]", "66/216. Women in development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/195 of 18 December 1997, 54/210 of 22 December 1999, 56/188 of 21 December 2001, 58/206 of 23 December 2003, 59/248 of 22 December 2004, 60/210 of 22 December 2005, 62/206 of 19 December 2007 and 64/217 of 21 December 2009 and all its other resolutions on the integration of women in development, as well as relevant resolutions and agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women, including the Declaration adopted at its forty-ninth session,", "Reaffirming the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly, entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century”, [4]", "Reaffirming also the commitments to gender equality and the advancement of women made at the Millennium Summit, the 2005 World Summit and other major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions, and reaffirming also that their full, effective and accelerated implementation is indispensable for achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Reaffirming further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,5 which affirms that the equal rights and opportunities of women and men must be assured, and calls for, inter alia, the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women as effective and necessary means to eradicate poverty and hunger, combat disease and promote development that is truly sustainable,", "Recalling the outcomes of the International Conference on Financing for Development and the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[9] and the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, [10] High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, [11] High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS, [12] High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, [13] Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries and High-level Meeting on Africa ' s Development Needs, [15]", "Welcoming the full operationalization of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) on 1 January 2011, noting that the establishment and implementation of UN-Women should result in more effective United Nations system-wide coordination, harmonization and gender mainstreaming, and recognizing the role of UN-Women in assisting Member States and the United Nations system to achieve more effectively and efficiently the goals of gender equality and the empowerment of women,", "Noting the importance of the organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, in particular its funds and programmes, and the specialized agencies in promoting the participation of women in development,", "Reaffirming that gender equality is essential for achieving sustained and inclusive economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development, in accordance with relevant General Assembly resolutions and United Nations conferences, and that investing in the development of women and girls has a multiplier effect, in particular on productivity, efficiency and sustained and inclusive economic growth, in all economic sectors, especially in key areas such as agriculture, industry and services,", "Recognizing that access to affordable basic health care, preventive health information and the highest standard of health, including in the area of sexual and reproductive health, is key to women ' s economic advancement and that lack of economic empowerment and independence increases women ' s vulnerability to a range of negative consequences, including the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, and that the neglect of women ' s full enjoyment of their human rights severely limits their opportunities in public and private life, including access to education and economic and political empowerment,", "Reaffirming the need to eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education at all levels as early as possible by 2015, and reaffirming also that equal access to education and training at all levels, in particular in business, trade, administration, information and communication technologies and other new technologies, as well as the need to eliminate gender inequalities at all levels are essential for gender equality, the empowerment of women, poverty eradication and the full and equal contribution of women to and equal opportunity to benefit from development,", "Reaffirming also the important contribution of women to the economy, that women are key contributors to the economy and to the eradication of poverty and inequality through both remunerated and unremunerated work at home, in the community and in the workplace, and that the empowerment of women is a key factor in the eradication of poverty,", "Recognizing that the difficult socio-economic conditions that exist in many developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, have resulted in the feminization of poverty,", "Recognizing also, in this context, the importance of respect for all human rights, including the right to development, and of a national and international environment that promotes, inter alia, justice, gender equality, equity, civil and political participation and civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and fundamental freedoms for the advancement and empowerment of women,", "Bearing in mind the challenges and obstacles to changing discriminatory attitudes and gender stereotypes that perpetuate discrimination against women and stereotypical roles of women and men, and stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of international standards and norms to address inequality between women and men,", "Recognizing that poverty eradication and the achievement and maintenance of peace are mutually reinforcing, and recognizing also that peace is inextricably linked to equality between women and men and to development,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on mainstreaming a gender perspective into national development strategies; [16]", "Calls upon Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, within their respective mandates, as well as all sectors of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, and all women and men, to fully engage and intensify their efforts to contribute to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration2 and Platform for Action3 and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly;4", "3. Recognizes the mutually reinforcing links between gender equality and poverty eradication and the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the need to develop and implement comprehensive gender-sensitive poverty eradication strategies, in consultation with all relevant stakeholders, as appropriate;", "Emphasizes the need to link economic and social development policies to ensure that all people, including those living in poverty and vulnerable groups, benefit from inclusive economic growth and development, in accordance with the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development7 and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus;9", "5. Urges Member States, the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations to accelerate efforts and to provide adequate resources to enhance the voice and full and equal participation of women in the governance structures of all decision-making bodies at the highest levels of government and international organizations, including through the elimination of gender stereotypes in appointments and promotions, and to enhance the capacity of women as agents of change to enable them to participate actively and effectively in the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting of national development, poverty eradication and environmental policies, strategies and programmes;", "6. Encourages Member States to continue to promote, as appropriate, the participation of civil society, including women ' s organizations, in government decision-making in the area of national development policies;", "7. Encourages Member States and the United Nations system to ensure systematic attention to, recognition of and support for the critical role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, in mediation and peacebuilding efforts and in the reconstruction of post-conflict societies, inter alia, by strengthening women ' s capacities, leadership and participation in political and economic decision-making;", "8. Stresses the importance of Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders taking appropriate measures to identify and address the ongoing negative impact on women and girls of the world financial and economic crisis, volatile energy prices and the food crisis, as well as the challenges posed by climate change, and to maintain adequate levels of funding for the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women;", "9. Also stresses the need for Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders to create a favourable and conducive domestic and international environment for the effective participation of women in development in all spheres of life, as well as for the analysis and dissemination of the results of policies and programmes related to macroeconomic stability, structural reform, taxation, investment, including foreign direct investment, and all relevant economic sectors, from a gender perspective;", "10. Urges the donor community, Member States, international organizations, including the United Nations, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, trade unions and other stakeholders to pay further attention to and enhance the impact of development assistance aimed at gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls through gender mainstreaming, funding for targeted activities and enhanced dialogue between donors and partners, and to strengthen the mechanisms necessary to effectively measure resources for the integration of gender perspectives in all areas of development assistance;", "11. Urges Member States to integrate a gender perspective, consistent with gender equality goals, into the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting of national development strategies, to ensure that national action plans on gender equality are in line with national development strategies, to encourage the involvement of men and boys in the promotion of gender equality, and in this regard calls upon the United Nations system to support national efforts to develop methodologies and tools and to promote capacity-building and evaluation;", "12. Encourages Member States to ensure the inclusive and more effective participation of national mechanisms for gender equality and the empowerment of women in the formulation of national development strategies, including those aimed at eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities, and urges the United Nations system to support national efforts in this regard;", "13. Also encourages Member States to enhance gender mainstreaming capacity by allocating adequate financial and human resources, as appropriate, to national women ' s machineries and to line ministries, by establishing and/or strengthening dedicated gender equality and the empowerment of women units, and by providing capacity development opportunities and developing tools and guidelines for technical personnel;", "14. Encourages Member States, the United Nations system and donor countries to strengthen gender-responsive planning and budgeting processes and, where appropriate, to develop and strengthen corresponding methodologies and tools for this purpose, as well as for monitoring and assessing gender-responsive investment results, and encourages donors to mainstream gender perspectives into their practices, including joint coordination and accountability mechanisms;", "15. Encourages Member States to develop and implement laws and policies aimed at promoting the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities, including through increased flexibility in working arrangements, such as part-time work and the facilitation of breastfeeding for working mothers, the provision of care facilities for children and other dependants, and ensuring that both women and men have access to maternity, paternity, parental and other forms of leave and are not discriminated against in the enjoyment of such benefits;", "16. Expresses deep concern about the prevalence of violence against women and girls, reiterates the need for further intensified efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, and recognizes that violence against women and girls is an obstacle to the achievement of the goals of equality, development and peace, and that women ' s exclusion from participation in social policies and from the benefits of sustainable development can lead to poverty, lack of political, social and economic empowerment and marginalization, which increase their vulnerability to violence;", "17. Encourages Governments, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and other actors of civil society to promote and protect the rights of women workers, to take action to remove structural and legal barriers to gender equality in the workplace, to overcome stereotypical attitudes to gender equality in the workplace and to initiate positive measures to promote equal pay for equal work or for work of equal value;", "18. Urges Governments to develop and implement active labour market policies and to provide adequate resources for the promotion of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including ensuring the full participation of women and men in both rural and urban areas;", "19. Urges Governments to strengthen their efforts to protect the rights of domestic workers, including migrant women, with regard to working hours, conditions and wages, to ensure decent working conditions and to enhance access to health services and other socio-economic benefits;", "20. Encourages Member States to develop and/or review and fully implement gender-sensitive legislation and policies to reduce horizontal and vertical occupational segregation and the wage gap between women and men through well-targeted measures;", "21. Urges all Member States to analyse national labour laws and standards from a gender perspective and, in this regard, to include the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [para. 5] Developing gender-sensitive policies and guidelines on employment practices, including those of transnational corporations, based on multilateral instruments, including ILO conventions, with special attention to export processing zones;", "22. Stresses the importance of developing national strategies to promote sustainable and productive entrepreneurship activities, and encourages Governments to create an environment conducive to increasing the number and size of women entrepreneurs by increasing women ' s access to financial instruments, providing them with training and advisory services in business, administration and information and communications technologies, promoting networking and information-sharing and increasing women ' s participation in advisory committees and other forums so as to enable them to contribute to the formulation and review of policies and programmes being developed by financial institutions;", "23. Urges all Member States to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in their access to financial services and products, including bank loans, bank accounts, mortgages and other forms of financial credit, irrespective of their economic and social status, to facilitate women ' s access to legal aid and to encourage the financial sector to integrate a gender perspective into its policies and programmes;", "24. Recognizes the role of microfinance, including microcredit, in the eradication of poverty, the empowerment of women and the creation of employment, notes in this regard the importance of sound national financial systems, and encourages the strengthening of existing and new microcredit institutions and their capacities, including through the support of international financial institutions;", "25. Urges Governments to ensure that microfinance programmes focus on the development of safe, accessible and accessible savings products for women and support women ' s efforts to retain control over their savings;", "Urges Governments to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of education and to ensure their equal access to all levels of education;", "27. Urges Member States to develop and review legislation and policies to ensure that women have equal access to and control over land, housing and other property, including through inheritance, land reform programmes and land markets, and to take measures to implement those laws and policies;", "28. Urges Governments to take measures to facilitate equal access to land and property rights by providing gender-sensitive training to the judicial, legislative and administrative systems, providing legal aid to women who claim their rights, supporting the work of women ' s groups and networks and conducting awareness-raising campaigns to draw attention to the need to ensure women ' s equal rights to land and property;", "29. Recognizes the need for the economic and political empowerment of women, in particular women living in poverty, and in this regard encourages Governments, with the support of their development partners, to invest in appropriate infrastructure and other projects, including water and sanitation for rural areas and urban slums, to improve health and well-being, alleviate the workload of women and girls and free their time and energy for other productive activities, including entrepreneurship;", "30. Also recognizes the central role of agriculture in development, and stresses the importance of reviewing agricultural policies and strategies to ensure that the important role of women in food and nutrition security is recognized as an integral part of short- and long-term responses to food insecurity, excessive price volatility and food crises in developing countries;", "31. Further recognizes the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women, and their traditional knowledge, in promoting agricultural and rural development, enhancing food security and eradicating rural poverty;", "32. Expresses its concern at the overall spread of the HIV and AIDS epidemic and that women and girls remain the most affected by HIV and AIDS, that they are more vulnerable to infection, that they are disproportionately burdened with care and that they are more vulnerable to violence, stigma and discrimination, poverty and, as a result, marginalization from their families and communities as a result of the HIV and AIDS crisis, and, considering that, despite substantial progress, the goal of universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention programmes, treatment, care and support was not reached by 2010, urges Governments and the international community to urgently scale up their response to achieve that universal access and, in line with the 2011 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS,12 to ensure that national responses to HIV and AIDS address the specific needs of women and girls, including those living with and affected by HIV and AIDS, throughout their lives;", "33. Reaffirms the commitment to achieve universal access to reproductive health by 2015, as set out at the International Conference on Population and Development, [18] by integrating this goal in efforts to achieve it, including in the United Nations Millennium Declaration5 Among the strategies of the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained therein, to reduce maternal mortality, improve maternal health, reduce child mortality, promote gender equality, combat HIV and AIDS and eradicate poverty;", "34. Urges Governments and all sectors of society, as stated in the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,13 to promote and pursue gender-based approaches to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, based on sex- and age-disaggregated data, and to work to address the significant disparities in the incidence of non-communicable diseases, which are rapidly increasing in severity, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, affecting populations of all ages, gender, ethnicity and income levels, and notes that poor and vulnerable populations, particularly in developing countries, bear a disproportionate burden and that non-communicable diseases can have a different impact on women and men, as women, inter alia, bear a disproportionate burden of caring for others;", "35. Expresses deep concern that maternal health remains an area beset by some of the world ' s worst health inequities, and that progress in improving child and maternal health has been uneven, urges States to implement their commitments to prevent and reduce child and maternal mortality and morbidity, and welcomes in this regard the Secretary-General ' s Global Strategy for Women ' s and Children ' s Health and national, regional and international initiatives that contribute to reducing maternal, newborn and under-five mortality;", "36. Recognizes the need for all donors to maintain and implement existing bilateral and multilateral official development assistance commitments and targets, and that the full implementation of those commitments would significantly increase resources for advancing the international development agenda;", "37. Also recognizes the need to strengthen the capacity of Governments to integrate a gender perspective into policy and decision-making, and encourages Governments, international organizations, including the United Nations system, and other stakeholders to assist and support developing countries in their efforts to integrate a gender perspective into all aspects of policy development, including through the provision of technical assistance and financial resources;", "38. Encourages the international community, the United Nations system, the private sector and civil society to continue to provide the necessary financial resources to assist Governments in their efforts to achieve the development goals and benchmarks agreed upon at the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women, the International Conference on Population and Development, the Millennium Summit, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the twenty-third and twenty-fourth special sessions of the General Assembly and other relevant United Nations conferences and summits;", "Urges multilateral donors, and invites international financial institutions, within their respective mandates and regional development banks, to review and implement policies to support national efforts to ensure that a higher proportion of resources reach women, in particular in rural and remote areas;", "40. Stresses the importance of improving and institutionalizing the collection, analysis and dissemination of data disaggregated by sex and age and of developing gender-sensitive, specific and relevant indicators to support decision-making and national systems responsible for monitoring and reporting on progress and impact, and in this regard encourages developed countries and relevant entities of the United Nations system to provide support and assistance to developing countries, upon their request, in the establishment, development and strengthening of databases and information systems in developing countries;", "41. Calls upon all organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective organizational mandates, to mainstream a gender perspective and to pursue gender equality in their country programmes, planning instruments and sector-wide programmes and to propose country-level specific goals and targets in this area in accordance with national development strategies, and welcomes the work of UN-Women, in cooperation with United Nations country teams, to assist Member States, at their request, in integrating a gender perspective into national development policies and strategies in accordance with their national priorities, and emphasizes the important role that UN-Women can play in leading, coordinating and advancing the accountability of the United Nations system and in ensuring that commitments to gender equality and gender mainstreaming are translated into effective action worldwide;", "42. Calls upon the organizations of the United Nations development system, within their organizational mandates, to further improve their accountability mechanisms and to include intergovernmentally agreed gender equality results and gender-sensitive indicators in their strategic frameworks;", "43. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including on the integration of a gender perspective into national development strategies;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Women in development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 7 and corrigendum (E/2005/27 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A.", "[2] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[3] Ibid., annex II.", "[4] Resolution S-23/2, annex; resolution S-23/3, annex.", "[5] See resolution 55/2.", "[6] See resolution 60/1.", "[7] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[8] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. 1, resolution 2, annex.", "[9] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[10] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[11] See resolution 65/1.", "[12] Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[13] Resolution 66/2, annex.", "[14] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chaps. I and II.", "[15] See resolution 63/1.", "[16] A/66/219.", "[17] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[18] See Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18)." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/444/Add.3)通过]", "66/217. 人力资源开发", "大会，", "回顾其1997年12月18日第52/196号、1999年12月22日第54/211号、2001年12月21日第56/189号、2003年12月23日第58/207号、2005年12月22日第60/211号、2007年12月19日第62/207号和2009年12月21日第64/218号决议，", "强调指出，人力资源开发是经济、社会和环境发展的关键，卫生和教育是人力资源开发的核心，", "又强调指出，对于实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，以及为人民特别是人口中最弱势群体增加机会的努力，人力资源开发是关键，", "欣见多年来作出了相当大的努力，但认识到许多国家在发展能够满足国家经济和社会需求的适当人力资源库方面仍然面临艰巨挑战，拟订和执行有效的人力资源战略往往需要资源和能力，但发展中国家并非总是拥有这些资源和能力，", "强调指出，鉴于当今的各种全球挑战，包括当前全球金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响，为了处理全球危机的不利影响以及为包容性持续和公平增长和复苏奠定基础，人力资源开发愈加重要，", "认识到，在一个支持机会平等、促进教育、倡导不歧视并维持有利于创造就业机会的环境的国家和国际氛围中，最易实现人力资源开发的益处，", "又认识到当前全球金融和经济危机的不利影响，特别是对发展的不利影响继续降低许多国家，尤其是发展中国家应对和处理人力资源发展挑战以及拟订和执行有效的消除贫穷和可持续发展战略的能力，", "承认国际移徙与发展之间有着重要的关联，必须应对移徙给原籍国、过境国和目的地国带来的挑战和机遇，认识到移徙给国际社会带来惠益，也带来挑战，并强调指出，人才流失仍然是许多发展中国家和转型期国家的一个严重问题，有损于人力资源开发领域的努力，", "重申根据大会相关决议和联合国各次会议成果，两性平等对于实现持续经济增长、消除贫穷和可持续发展至关重要，投资于妇女和女童的发展对所有经济部门，特别是农业、工业和服务业等关键领域的生产力、效率和持续经济增长，具有倍增效应，", "确认教育是推动挖掘各国人民的潜力、平等与了解以及维持经济增长和消除贫穷的关键，并进一步确认，要实现这些目标，就必须向所有人，包括土著人民、女童和妇女、农村居民和残疾人提供高质量的教育，", "强调指出，各国政府对制定和执行适当的人力资源开发政策负有首要责任，国际社会需要继续支持发展中国家的努力，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[1]", "2. 促请会员国将人力资源开发置于经济和社会发展的核心，并制订短期、中期和长期战略，有效提高本国人力资源能力，因为受过教育、健康、干练、有生产能力和灵活的劳动队伍是实现持续、包容和公平经济增长和发展的基础；", "3. 强调指出会员国必须重视人力资源并将其纳入国家发展战略，包括旨在消除贫穷和实现千年发展目标的国家发展政策和战略，以应对在提高国家生产能力方面所面临的结构性和多层面挑战，并确保国家发展方面的所有利益攸关方考虑到人力资源开发所涉问题；", "4. 鼓励会员国制定并执行基于国家发展目标的综合人力资源开发战略，确保教育、培训与就业之间的密切联系，协助维持一支具有生产力和竞争力的劳动力队伍,满足经济的需求；", "5. 强调会员国必须采用跨部门的做法和机制，用以确定所有经济部门的中期和长期人力资源发展需求，并制定和执行满足这些需求的政策和方案；", "6. 强调指出人力资源开发投资应成为国家发展政策和战略的组成部分，为此呼吁制定政策，推动重点投资于有形和社会基础设施，包括教育，特别是科技包括信息和通信技术等领域的技能升级和职业培训，以及投资于能力开发、卫生和可持续发展；", "7. 鼓励会员国酌情继续加强全面社会保护制度，制定加强现有安全网和保护弱势群体的政策，并采取适当行动，包括促进国内消费和生产，认识到通过建立根据各会员国本国优先事项和各自情况确定的最低限度社会保护，可提供系统性的办法来解决贫穷和脆弱性问题并可大大有助于成功实施人力资源开发战略，在这方面确认许多发展中国家缺乏执行此类逆周期措施的必要财政资源和能力，并在这方面认识到必须继续酌情筹措更多的国内和国际资源；", "8. 鼓励有能力采取行动的会员国考虑实施符合《国际劳工组织关于工作中的基本原则和权利宣言》的政策并履行其按照所有经批准的相关国际劳工组织公约应负的义务，鼓励国际劳工组织成员国也执行这些政策和履行应负义务，并回顾必须促进人人有体面工作和增加高质量就业，包括采取旨在确保职业健康及安全的措施以及建立基于有效社会对话为目的的工作关系；", "9. 强调指出人力资源开发战略应包括采取各项措施，减少青年男女及长期失业者的失业和就业不足，因为他们在缓慢增长的就业机会复苏中受到的影响太大，通过促进技能开发和提高生产率的政策以及减少就业障碍，特别是性别障碍的政策，将未得到充分利用的人力资源纳入劳动力市场，包括采取奖励办法鼓励招聘、留用和重组，协助寻找就业和就业匹配，提供职业培训和在职培训，并除其他外，促进青年创业；", "10. 又强调指出会员国需要保留并进一步加强国家人力资源，推动创造大量就业机会的复苏和促进体面工作，包括制订相关政策和奖励办法，提高劳动生产率并刺激私人投资和创业，加强劳动行政部门和机构的作用，从而促进创造就业机会并增加弱势群体包括非正规部门工人的参与；", "11. 强调需要解决人力资源开发、能源和粮食安全、农业和农村发展之间的相互联系，并鼓励会员国加强农业和农村发展方面的能力；", "12. 强调指出可持续发展除其他外取决于健康的人力资源，促请会员国继续努力加强国家卫生系统，敦促进一步加强卫生领域的国际合作，包括在加强保健系统、获得药品的机会、培训保健人员、转让技术、生产能负担得起的安全、有效和高质量的药品等领域交流最佳做法，在这方面强调指出，国际合作与援助，尤其是外部供资，必须更可预测，并且更好地配合国家优先目标，以有利于加强国家卫生系统的方式提供给受援国；", "13. 促请国际社会，包括联合国系统各实体，尤其是在非洲支持发展中国家努力应对艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾、结核病和其他传染性疾病的不利影响，并支持预防和控制挑战规模不亚于流行病的非传染性疾病及这些疾病对人力资源的影响；", "14. 促请有关联合国实体支持各国除向个人提供培训外，努力建设体制能力，以满足国家人力资源开发的长期需要；", "15. 促请国际社会协助发展中国家执行本国人力资源开发战略，并鼓励国际社会，包括私营部门和相关民间社会行为体，酌情提供并动员财政资源、能力建设、技术援助和技术转让, 并提供一切来源的专门知识；", "16. 呼吁采取步骤，将性别观点纳入人力资源开发，包括为此制定政策、战略和有针对性的行动，以促进妇女能力和从事生产性活动的机会，在这方面强调需要确保妇女充分参与拟定和执行此种政策、战略和行动；", "17. 强调指出，公共部门和私营部门在满足国家的培训和教育需求以支持企业有效运作以及在满足快速变化的经济需求方面分别作出重要贡献，并鼓励通过包括更多地利用公私伙伴关系和奖励措施，将这些贡献加以整合；", "18. 呼吁在国家、区域和国际各级采取行动时优先重视提高识字率和扩大科学知识面，并提供高等教育、技术-职业教育和成人教育,并强调指出必须确保到2015年使世界各地的男女儿童都能够完成初级教育的全部课程并享有平等接受所有各级教育的机会；", "19. 鼓励各国政府考虑在国家一级采取适当措施，如提高人民的技能、 调整教育和培训系统，使其较好地适应劳动力市场的需求，以及加强应对经济衰退的劳动机构和法规；", "20. 鼓励有能力的国家，在努力减少长期预算赤字的同时，酌情维持或考虑加强有关措施，以推动创造大量就业机会的复苏，包括制订提高劳动生产率和刺激私人投资的政策和奖励办法；", "21. 鼓励会员国和国际社会努力推动以均衡、一致和全面的办法处理国际移徙与发展问题，特别是建立伙伴关系和确保采取协调一致的行动，以增强各种能力包括移徙管理能力；在这方面，重申需要考虑采取创新措施，尽量扩大移徙的好处，同时尽量减少发展中国家高技能和低技能人员向外移徙的不利影响；", "22. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告，说明本决议执行情况，包括评估科学技术知识和创新对发展中国家人力资源开发的贡献；", "23.决定在其第六十八届会议临时议程题为“消除贫穷和其他发展问题”的项目下,列入题为“人力资源开发”的分项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] A/66/206。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.3)]", "66/217. Human resources development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/196 of 18 December 1997, 54/211 of 22 December 1999, 56/189 of 21 December 2001, 58/207 of 23 December 2003, 60/211 of 22 December 2005, 62/207 of 19 December 2007 and 64/218 of 21 December 2009,", "Stressing that human resources development lies at the heart of economic, social and environmental development and that health and education are at the core of human resources development,", "Stressing also that human resources development is key to the efforts to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and to expand opportunities for people, in particular for the most vulnerable groups of the population,", "Welcoming the considerable efforts made over the years, yet recognizing that many countries continue to face formidable challenges in developing a sufficient pool of human resources capable of meeting national economic and social needs and that the formulation and implementation of effective human resources strategies often require resources and capacities not always available in developing countries,", "Stressing that human resources development is even more critical in view of the current global challenges, including the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the global financial and economic crisis, in order to tackle the negative effects of the global crisis, and set the basis for sustained, inclusive and equitable growth and recovery,", "Recognizing that the benefits of human resources development are best realized in national and international environments that support equal opportunity, access to education and non-discrimination and maintain an enabling environment for job creation,", "Recognizing also that the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the global financial and economic crisis continue to diminish the ability of many countries, especially developing countries, to cope with and address human resources development challenges and to formulate and implement effective strategies for poverty eradication and sustainable development,", "Acknowledging the important nexus between international migration and development and the need to deal with the challenges and opportunities that migration presents to countries of origin, transit and destination, recognizing that migration brings benefits as well as challenges to the global community, and stressing that the brain drain continues to be a severe problem in many developing and transitioning countries, undermining efforts in the area of human resources development,", "Reaffirming that gender equality is of fundamental importance for achieving sustained economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development, in accordance with the relevant General Assembly resolutions and United Nations conferences, and that investing in the development of women and girls has a multiplier effect, in particular on productivity, efficiency and sustained economic growth, in all sectors of the economy, especially in key areas such as agriculture, industry and services,", "Recognizing that education is the key to promoting the development of human potential, equality and understanding among peoples, as well as to sustaining economic growth and eradicating poverty, and recognizing also that, to achieve those ends, it is essential that quality education be available to all, including indigenous peoples, girls and women, rural inhabitants and persons with disabilities,", "Stressing that Governments have the primary responsibility for defining and implementing appropriate policies for human resources development, and the need for continued support from the international community for the national efforts of developing countries,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[1]", "2. Calls upon Member States to place human resources development at the core of economic and social development and develop short-, medium- and long-term strategies to effectively enhance their human resources capacities, as educated, healthy, capable, productive and flexible workforces are the foundation for achieving sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and development;", "3. Stresses the need for Member States to emphasize and integrate human resources development into national development strategies, including national development policies and strategies to eradicate poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals, in order to address structural and multidimensional challenges to enhancing national productive capacities and to ensure that human resources development implications are taken into account by all national development stakeholders;", "4. Encourages Member States to adopt and implement comprehensive human resources development strategies premised on national development objectives that ensure a strong link between education, training and employment, help to maintain a productive and competitive workforce and are responsive to the needs of the economy;", "5. Emphasizes the need for Member States to adopt cross-sectoral approaches and mechanisms to identify human resources development needs in the medium and long term for all sectors of the economy and to formulate and implement policies and programmes to address those needs;", "6. Stresses that investment in human resources development should be an integral part of national development policies and strategies, and in this regard calls for the adoption of policies to facilitate investment focused on physical and social infrastructure, including education, in particular skills upgrading and vocational training in areas such as science and technology, including information and communications technology, as well as in capacity development, health and sustainable development;", "7. Encourages Member States, as appropriate, to continue to strengthen comprehensive social protection systems, to adopt policies that strengthen existing safety nets and protect vulnerable groups and to take other appropriate actions, including boosting domestic consumption and production, recognizes that social protection floors, defined according to national priorities and the individual circumstances of Member States, can provide systemic approaches to address poverty and vulnerability and can contribute significantly to successful human resources development strategies, acknowledges in this regard that many developing countries lack the necessary financial resources and capacity to implement such countercyclical measures, and in this regard recognizes the need for continued mobilization of additional domestic and international resources, as appropriate;", "8. Encourages Member States in a position to do so to consider implementing, and the States members of the International Labour Organization to implement, policies consistent with the International Labour Organization Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and their obligations under all relevant ratified conventions of the International Labour Organization, and recalls the importance of promoting decent work for all and of increasing quality jobs, including through measures aimed at ensuring occupational health and safety and through working relationships based on effective social dialogue;", "9. Stresses that human resources development strategies should include measures to reduce unemployment and underemployment among young men and women and the long-term unemployed, who have been disproportionately affected by slow growth in jobs recovery, and to integrate underutilized human resources into the labour market through policies that promote skills development and productivity and reduce barriers to employment, particularly gender barriers, including by providing incentives for recruiting, retaining and retooling, assistance in job-finding and job-matching and vocational and on-the-job training, and by promoting, inter alia, youth entrepreneurship;", "10. Stresses also the need for Member States to retain and further enhance national human resources by boosting job-rich recovery and promoting decent work, including by adopting policies and incentives that enhance labour productivity and stimulate private investment and entrepreneurship and that strengthen the role of labour administration and institutions in order to foster job creation and increase the participation of vulnerable groups, including workers in informal sectors;", "11. Emphasizes the need to address the interlinkages among human resources development, energy and food security, agriculture and rural development, and encourages Member States to strengthen capacity in agriculture and rural development;", "12. Stresses that sustainable development is dependent, inter alia, on healthy human resources, calls upon Member States to continue their efforts to strengthen national health systems, urges the further strengthening of international cooperation in the area of health, inter alia, through the exchange of best practices in the areas of health system strengthening, access to medicines, training of health personnel, transfer of technology and production of affordable, safe, effective and good-quality medicine, and in this regard stresses that international cooperation and assistance, in particular external funding, need to become more predictable and to be better aligned with national priorities and channelled to recipient countries in ways that strengthen national health systems;", "13. Calls upon the international community, including the entities of the United Nations system, to support the efforts of developing countries to address the adverse effects of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, in particular in Africa, as well as the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, which is a challenge of epidemic proportions, and their effects on human resources;", "14. Calls upon relevant United Nations entities to support national efforts to build institutional capacities to address long-term national human resources development needs in addition to providing training to individuals;", "15. Calls upon the international community to assist developing countries in the implementation of national human resources development strategies, and encourages the international community, including the private sector and relevant civil society actors, to provide and mobilize financial resources, capacity-building, technical assistance, transfer of technology and supply of expertise from all sources, as appropriate;", "16. Calls for steps to integrate gender perspectives into human resources development, including through policies, strategies and targeted actions aimed at promoting women’s capacities and access to productive activities, and in this regard emphasizes the need to ensure the full participation of women in the formulation and implementation of such policies, strategies and actions;", "17. Stresses the important contributions of the public and private sectors, respectively, in meeting national training and educational needs to support the efficient functioning of enterprises and matching the needs of a rapidly changing economy, and encourages the integration of those contributions, including through the greater use of public-private partnerships and incentives;", "18. Calls for actions at the national, regional and international levels that will give high priority to improving and expanding literacy, as well as science proficiency, including by providing tertiary, technical‑vocational and adult education, and stresses the need to ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling and will have equal access to all levels of education;", "19. Encourages Governments to consider appropriate measures at the national level, such as upgrading human skills, better aligning educational and training systems to labour market needs, and strengthening labour institutions and regulations to respond to economic downturns;", "20. Encourages States in a position to do so to maintain or consider enhancing measures to boost a job-rich recovery, such as policies and incentives to enhance labour productivity and stimulate private investment, besides making efforts to reduce budget deficits in the long term, as appropriate;", "21. Encourages efforts by Member States and the international community to promote a balanced, coherent and comprehensive approach to international migration and development, in particular by building partnerships and ensuring coordinated action to develop capacities, including for the management of migration, and in this regard reiterates the need to consider innovative measures to maximize the benefits of migration while minimizing the negative effects of the migration of both highly skilled and low-skilled workers from developing countries;", "22. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including an assessment of the contribution of science, technological knowledge and innovation to human resources development in developing countries;", "23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Human resources development”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/206." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/444/Add.3)]", "66/217. Human resources development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 52/196 of 18 December 1997, 54/211 of 22 December 1999, 56/189 of 21 December 2001, 58/207 of 23 December 2003, 60/211 of 22 December 2005, 62/207 of 19 December 2007 and 64/218 of 21 December 2009,", "Stressing that human resources development is key to economic, social and environmental development and that health and education are at the heart of human resources development,", "Stressing also that human resources development is key to efforts to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and to increase opportunities for people, especially the most vulnerable segments of the population,", "Welcoming the considerable efforts made over the years, but recognizing that many countries still face daunting challenges in developing an adequate human resource base that meets their economic and social needs and that the formulation and implementation of effective human resources strategies often require resources and capacities that are not always available to developing countries,", "Stressing the increasing importance of human resources development in view of today ' s global challenges, including the adverse impacts, especially on development, of the current global financial and economic crisis, in order to address the adverse effects of the global crisis and to lay the foundations for inclusive, sustained and equitable growth and recovery,", "Recognizing that the benefits of human resources development are most easily realized in a national and international environment that supports equal opportunities, promotes education, advocates non-discrimination and maintains an environment conducive to job creation,", "Recognizing also that the adverse impacts, particularly on development, of the current global financial and economic crisis continue to diminish the capacity of many countries, in particular developing countries, to address and address human resources development challenges and to formulate and implement effective strategies for poverty eradication and sustainable development,", "Acknowledging the important nexus between international migration and development and the need to address the challenges and opportunities that migration presents to countries of origin, transit and destination, recognizing that migration brings benefits and challenges to the international community, and stressing that brain drain remains a serious problem in many developing countries and countries in transition and undermines efforts in the field of human resources development,", "Reaffirming that gender equality is essential for achieving sustained economic growth, poverty eradication and sustainable development, in accordance with the relevant General Assembly resolutions and United Nations conferences, and that investing in the development of women and girls has a multiplier effect on productivity, efficiency and sustained economic growth in all economic sectors, in particular in key areas such as agriculture, industry and services,", "Recognizing that education is key to advancing the potential, equality and understanding of peoples and to sustaining economic growth and eradicating poverty, and further recognizing that achieving these goals requires quality education for all, including indigenous peoples, girls and women, rural dwellers and persons with disabilities,", "Stressing that Governments have the primary responsibility for formulating and implementing appropriate policies for human resources development and the need for the international community to continue to support the efforts of developing countries,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [1]", "2. Urges Member States to place human resources development at the centre of economic and social development and to develop short-, medium- and long-term strategies to effectively enhance their human resources capacity, as an educated, healthy, capable, productive and flexible workforce is the foundation for sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and development;", "3. Stresses the importance of Member States placing emphasis on human resources and integrating them into national development strategies, including national development policies and strategies aimed at eradicating poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals, in order to address the structural and multidimensional challenges of enhancing national productive capacities and to ensure that the implications of human resources development are taken into account by all stakeholders in national development;", "4. Encourages Member States to develop and implement integrated human resources development strategies based on national development objectives, to ensure a close link between education, training and employment and to help sustain a productive and competitive workforce that meets the needs of the economy;", "Stresses the importance of cross-sectoral approaches and mechanisms by Member States to identify human resources development needs in the medium and long term in all sectors of the economy and to formulate and implement policies and programmes to meet those needs;", "6. Stresses that investment in human resources development should be an integral part of national development policies and strategies, and in this regard calls for policies to promote investment that focuses on physical and social infrastructure, including education, especially skills upgrading and vocational training in areas such as science and technology, including information and communications technologies, as well as capacity development, health and sustainable development;", "7. Encourages Member States, as appropriate, to continue to strengthen comprehensive social protection systems, to develop policies that strengthen existing safety nets and protect vulnerable groups and to take appropriate action, including by promoting domestic consumption and production, recognizes that the establishment of social protection floors based on the national priorities and circumstances of Member States can provide a systematic approach to addressing poverty and vulnerability and can significantly contribute to the successful implementation of human resources development strategies, recognizes in this regard that many developing countries lack the necessary financial resources and capacity to implement such countercyclical measures, and in this regard recognizes the need to continue to mobilize additional domestic and international resources, as appropriate;", "8. Encourages Member States in a position to do so to consider implementing policies consistent with the International Labour Organization Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and to fulfil their obligations under all relevant ratified International Labour Organization conventions, encourages the States members of the International Labour Organization to implement those policies and fulfil their obligations, and recalls the importance of promoting decent work for all and of increasing quality employment, including through measures aimed at ensuring occupational health and safety and working relationships based on effective social dialogue;", "9. Stresses that human resources development strategies should include measures to reduce unemployment and underemployment among young men and women and among the long-term unemployed, who are disproportionately affected by the recovery of slow-growing employment opportunities, and to integrate underutilized human resources into the labour market through policies that promote skills development and productivity and reduce barriers to employment, in particular gender barriers, including incentives for recruitment, retention and restructuring, assistance in finding and matching employment, vocational and in-service training and, inter alia, youth entrepreneurship;", "10. Also stresses the need for Member States to retain and further strengthen national human resources to contribute to the recovery and promotion of decent work that generate significant employment opportunities, including through policies and incentives to increase labour productivity and stimulate private investment and entrepreneurship, and to strengthen the role of labour administrations and institutions, thus contributing to job creation and increasing the participation of vulnerable groups, including workers in the informal sector;", "11. Emphasizes the need to address the interlinkages between human resources development, energy and food security, agriculture and rural development, and encourages Member States to strengthen their capacities in agriculture and rural development;", "12. Stresses that sustainable development depends, inter alia, on healthy human resources, urges Member States to continue their efforts to strengthen national health systems, urges the further strengthening of international cooperation in the field of health, including the exchange of best practices in the areas of strengthening health systems, access to medicines, training of health personnel, transfer of technology and production of affordable, safe, effective and quality medicines, and in this regard stresses that international cooperation and assistance, in particular external funding, must be made more predictable and better aligned with national priorities and made available to recipient countries in ways that are supportive of strengthening national health systems;", "13. Calls upon the international community, including the entities of the United Nations system, in particular in Africa, to support the efforts of developing countries to address the adverse effects of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, and to support the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, which are no less challenging than epidemics, and their impact on human resources;", "14. Urges the relevant United Nations entities to support national efforts to build institutional capacity to meet long-term national human resources development needs, in addition to providing training to individuals;", "15. Urges the international community to assist developing countries in implementing their national human resources development strategies, and encourages the international community, including the private sector and relevant civil society actors, to provide and mobilize, as appropriate, financial resources, capacity-building, technical assistance and technology transfer, as well as expertise from all sources;", "16. Calls for steps to integrate a gender perspective into human resources development, including through policies, strategies and targeted actions to promote women ' s capacities and opportunities for productive activities, and in this regard emphasizes the need to ensure the full participation of women in the formulation and implementation of such policies, strategies and actions;", "17. Stresses the important contributions of the public and private sectors, respectively, in meeting national training and education needs in support of the effective functioning of enterprises and in meeting the needs of a rapidly changing economy, and encourages the integration of these contributions, including through the increased use of public-private partnerships and incentives;", "18. Calls for actions at the national, regional and international levels that give priority to improving literacy and broadening the scientific knowledge base and provide for higher education, technical-vocational education and adult education, and stresses the importance of ensuring that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education and will have equal access to all levels of education;", "19. Encourages Governments to consider appropriate measures at the national level, such as upgrading people ' s skills, adapting education and training systems to better respond to labour market needs and strengthening labour institutions and regulations to respond to economic downturns;", "20. Encourages countries in a position to do so, while working to reduce long-term budget deficits, to maintain or consider strengthening, as appropriate, measures to promote a recovery in the creation of substantial employment opportunities, including policies and incentives to increase labour productivity and stimulate private investment;", "21. Encourages the efforts of Member States and the international community to promote a balanced, coherent and comprehensive approach to international migration and development, in particular by building partnerships and ensuring coordinated action to enhance capacities, including migration management capacities, and in this regard reiterates the need to consider innovative measures to maximize the benefits of migration while minimizing the negative impact of the emigration of highly skilled and low-skilled persons from developing countries;", "22. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including an assessment of the contribution of scientific and technological knowledge and innovation to human resources development in developing countries;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Human resources development”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/66/206." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/445/Add.1)通过]", "66/218. 联合国系统发展方面的业务活动", "大会，", "回顾其2007年12月19日第62/208号、2008年12月19日第63/232号、2009年12月21日第64/220号、2010年7月2日第64/289号和2010年12月20日第65/117号决议，以及经济及社会理事会2008年7月18日第2008/2号、2009年7月22日第2009/1号、2010年7月23日第2010/22号和2011年7月18日第2011/7号决议,", "又回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议及其成果文件，[1]", "重申发展方面业务活动全面政策审查的重要性，大会可通过这种审查确定重要的全系统发展合作政策方向以及联合国系统在国家一级的运作模式，", "确认必须提供援助，以执行第62/208号决议，克服改善人类生活方面的各种挑战，", "回顾经济及社会理事会在向联合国系统提供协调和指导，确保大会制订的这些政策方向依照大会2003年6月23日第57/270B号决议、2006年11月20日第61/16号决议、第62/208号决议和其他相关决议在全系统得以落实方面所发挥的作用，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长向经济及社会理事会2011年实质性会议的业务活动部分提交的各次报告,[2]", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于2009年联合国系统发展方面业务活动供资情况的分析报告，[3] 回顾第64/289号决议关于改善联合国系统发展方面业务活动供资系统以加强全系统一致性的一节，期待该节得到执行，并注意到在按照第62/208号决议第28段扩大并改进报告工作方面取得的进展；", "2. 认识到必须加强关于联合国系统发展方面业务活动的各项战略，以便推动到2015年实现千年发展目标，特别是在最不发达国家和其他在实现具体目标方面滞后的发展中国家实现千年发展目标；", "3. 表示注意到南南合作问题高级别委员会第十六届会议的报告，[4] 并期待定于2012年举行的第十七届会议取得成果；", "4. 回顾经济及社会理事会关于发展方面业务活动的2009年7月22日第2009/214号决定以及理事会关于大会第62/208号决议执行进展情况的第2010/22号和第2011/7号决议，并表示赞赏理事会第2010/22号决议就进一步执行大会第62/208号决议提供的指导，以及第2011/7号决议关于2012年四年度全面政策审查的指导方针；", "5. 又回顾大会第63/232号决议决定于2012年对联合国系统发展方面的业务活动进行下一次全面政策审查，其后每四年进行一次审查，并再次请秘书长推迟至大会第六十七届会议通过经济及社会理事会提交依照大会第62/208号决议第143段内的指示编写的关于该决议执行情况的全面分析报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见A/65/1号决议。", "[2] 秘书长关于在执行大会第62/208号决议方面取得的成果以及采取的措施和步骤的报告(E/2011/112)、关于2009年联合国系统发展方面业务活动供资情况的分析报告(A/66/79–E/2011/107)、关于驻地协调员制度的运作情况包括其成本效益的报告(E/2011/86)和关于联合国发展系统的简化和统一的报告(E/2011/88)。", "[3] A/66/79-E/2011/107。", "[4] 《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第39号》(A/65/39)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/445/Add.1)]", "66/218. Operational activities for development of the United Nations system", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 62/208 of 19 December 2007, 63/232 of 19 December 2008, 64/220 of 21 December 2009, 64/289 of 2 July 2010 and 65/177 of 20 December 2010, as well as Economic and Social Council resolutions 2008/2 of 18 July 2008, 2009/1 of 22 July 2009, 2010/22 of 23 July 2010 and 2011/7 of 18 July 2011,", "Recalling also the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document,[1]", "Reaffirming the importance of the comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development, through which the General Assembly establishes key system-wide policy orientations for development cooperation and country-level modalities of the United Nations system,", "Acknowledging the importance of delivering assistance in order to overcome the challenges to improving human life by implementing resolution 62/208,", "Recalling the role of the Economic and Social Council in providing coordination and guidance to the United Nations system so as to ensure that policy orientations established by the General Assembly are implemented on a system-wide basis in accordance with Assembly resolutions 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 61/16 of 20 November 2006, 62/208 and other relevant resolutions,", "Taking note with appreciation of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted to the Economic and Social Council at the operational activities segment of its substantive session of 2011,[2]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the analysis of the funding of operational activities for development of the United Nations system for 2009,[3] recalls the section of resolution 64/289 on improving the funding system of operational activities for development of the United Nations system for enhanced system-wide coherence and looks forward to its implementation, and notes the progress made in broadening and improving reporting, in line with paragraph 28 of resolution 62/208;", "2. Recognizes the importance of strengthening strategies for operational activities for development of the United Nations system, in order to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, especially in the least developed countries and other developing countries that are lagging behind in meeting the targets;", "3. Takes note of the report of the High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation on its sixteenth session,[4] and looks forward to the outcome of its seventeenth session, to be held in 2012;", "4. Recalls Economic and Social Council decision 2009/214 of 22 July 2009 on operational activities for development and Council resolutions 2010/22 and 2011/7 on progress in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 62/208, and expresses appreciation for the guidance provided by the Council on the further implementation of Assembly resolution 62/208 as contained in Council resolution 2010/22 and for the guidelines for the quadrennial comprehensive policy review in 2012 contained in Council resolution 2011/7;", "5. Also recalls that, in its resolution 63/232, the General Assembly decided to hold its next comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development of the United Nations system in 2012 and subsequent reviews on a quadrennial basis, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to postpone to its sixty-seventh session the submission, through the Economic and Social Council, of the comprehensive analysis of the implementation of resolution 62/208, to be prepared in accordance with the guidance contained in paragraph 143 of that resolution.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 65/1.", "[2]  Reports of the Secretary-General on the results achieved and measures and processes implemented in follow-up to General Assembly resolution 62/208 (E/2011/112); the analysis of the funding of operational activities for development of the United Nations system for 2009 (A/66/79‑E/2011/107); the functioning of the resident coordinator system, including costs and benefits (E/2011/86); and the simplification and harmonization of the United Nations development system (E/2011/88).", "[3]  A/66/79‑E/2011/107.", "[4]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 39 (A/65/39)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/445/Add.1)]", "66/218. Operational activities for development of the United Nations system", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 62/208 of 19 December 2007, 63/232 of 19 December 2008, 64/220 of 21 December 2009, 64/289 of 2 July 2010 and 65/117 of 20 December 2010, and Economic and Social Council resolutions 2008/2 of 18 July 2008, 2009/1 of 22 July 2009, 2010/22 of 23 July 2010 and 2011/7 of 18 July 2011,", "Recalling also the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome document, [1]", "Reaffirming the importance of the comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development, through which the General Assembly establishes key system-wide policy orientations for development cooperation and the operational modalities of the United Nations system at the country level,", "Recognizing the need for assistance to implement resolution 62/208 and to overcome the challenges to improving human life,", "Recalling the role of the Economic and Social Council in providing coordination and guidance to the United Nations system to ensure that those policy orientations established by the General Assembly are implemented on a system-wide basis in accordance with Assembly resolutions 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 61/16 of 20 November 2006, 62/208 and other relevant resolutions,", "Taking note with appreciation of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted to the Economic and Social Council at the operational activities segment of its substantive session of 2011, [2]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the analysis of the funding of operational activities for development of the United Nations system for 2009, [3] recalls the section of its resolution 64/289 on improving the funding system for operational activities for development of the United Nations system to enhance system-wide coherence, looks forward to its implementation, and notes the progress made in expanding and improving reporting in line with paragraph 28 of resolution 62/208;", "2. Recognizes the need to strengthen strategies for operational activities for development of the United Nations system in order to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, especially in the least developed countries and other developing countries lagging behind in meeting the targets;", "3. Takes note of the report of the High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation on its sixteenth session,[4] and looks forward to the outcome of its seventeenth session, to be held in 2012;", "4. Recalls Economic and Social Council decision 2009/214 of 22 July 2009 on operational activities for development and Council resolutions 2010/22 and 2011/7 on progress in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 62/208, and expresses its appreciation for the guidance provided by the Council in its resolution 2010/22 on the further implementation of Assembly resolution 62/208 and for the guidelines for the 2012 quadrennial comprehensive policy review in its resolution 2011/7;", "5. Also recalls that the General Assembly, in its resolution 63/232, decided to conduct the next comprehensive policy review of operational activities for development of the United Nations system in 2012 and every four years thereafter, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to defer until its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council, the submission of a comprehensive analytical report on the implementation of resolution 62/208, prepared in accordance with the guidance contained in paragraph 143 of that resolution.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 65/1.", "[2] Report of the Secretary-General on results achieved and measures and steps taken in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 62/208 (E/2011/112), analytical report on the funding of operational activities for development of the United Nations system for 2009 (A/66/79–E/2011/107), report on the functioning of the resident coordinator system, including its cost-effectiveness (E/2011/86) and report on simplification and harmonization of the United Nations development system (E/2011/88).", "[3] A/66/79-E/2011/107.", "[4] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 39 (A/65/39)." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/445/Add.2)通过]", "66/219. 南南合作", "大会，", "重申其2009年12月21日第64/222号决议，其中大会认可了联合国南南合作高级别会议内罗毕成果文件，", "回顾其1978年12月19日第33/134号、2003年6月23日第57/270B号、2005年12月22日第60/212号、2007年12月19日第62/209号、2008年12月19日第63/233号、2009年10月6日第64/1号和2009年12月21日第64/221号决议以及有关南南合作的其他决议，", "又回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[1]", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于南南合作情况的报告；[2]", "2. 决定于2012年5月22日至25日举行南南合作高级别委员会第十七届会议，会前于2012年5月3日举行一次组织会议，以选举高级别委员会第十七届会议的主席和主席团；", "3. 又决定在其第六十七届会议临时议程题为“发展方面的业务活动”项目下列入题为“南南合作”的分项目，并请秘书长就南南合作情况向该届会议提出一份全面报告。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 见第60/1号决议。", "[2] ² A/66/229。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/445/Add.2)]", "66/219. South-South cooperation", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 64/222 of 21 December 2009, in which it endorsed the Nairobi outcome document of the High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation,", "Recalling its resolutions 33/134 of 19 December 1978, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 60/212 of 22 December 2005, 62/209 of 19 December 2007, 63/233 of 19 December 2008, 64/1 of 6 October 2009, 64/221 of 21 December 2009 and other resolutions relating to South-South cooperation,", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[1]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the state of South-South cooperation;[2]", "2. Decides to hold the seventeenth session of the High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation from 22 to 25 May 2012, preceded by an organizational meeting on 3 May 2012 to elect the President and Bureau of the seventeenth session of the High-level Committee;", "3. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Operational activities for development”, the sub-item entitled “South-South cooperation”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to it at the session a comprehensive report on the state of South-South cooperation.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1.", "[2]  A/66/229." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/445/Add.2)]", "66/219. South-South cooperation", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 64/222 of 21 December 2009, in which it endorsed the Nairobi outcome document of the High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation,", "Recalling its resolutions 33/134 of 19 December 1978, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 60/212 of 22 December 2005, 62/209 of 19 December 2007, 63/233 of 19 December 2008, 64/1 of 6 October 2009 and 64/221 of 21 December 2009 and other resolutions relating to South-South cooperation,", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [1]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the state of South-South cooperation;[2]", "2. Decides to hold the seventeenth session of the High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation from 22 to 25 May 2012, preceded by an organizational meeting on 3 May 2012 to elect the Chair and Bureau of the seventeenth session of the High-level Committee;", "Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Operational activities for development”, the sub-item entitled “South-South cooperation”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report on the state of South-South cooperation at that session.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 See resolution 60/1.", "[2] 2 A/66/229." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/446)通过]", "66/220. 农业发展和粮食安全", "大会，", "回顾《世界粮食安全首脑会议宣言》，[1] 特别是可持续全球粮食安全五项罗马原则，", "又回顾《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、[2] 《21世纪议程》、[3] 《进一步执行<21世纪议程>方案》、[4] 《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》、[5] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)、[6] 《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》、[7] 《2005年世界首脑会议成果》、[8] 《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议结果文件》、[9] 大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议成果文件[10] 和《2011-2020十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》，[11]以及其2009年12月21日第64/224号决议和2010年12月20日第65/178号决议，", "还回顾《关于世界粮食安全的罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》[12] 以及《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后宣言》，[13] 包括各国通过持续努力消除饥饿实现人人享有粮食安全，以便第一步至迟于2015年将营养不足者人数减少一半的目标，并回顾关于实现《联合国千年宣言》第19段所述目标的承诺，[14]", "肯定全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队开展的工作，", "欣见2011年10月17日至22日在罗马举行的世界粮食安全委员会第三十七届会议的成果，", "注意到目前制订尊重权利、生计和资源的负责任农业投资原则的进程，以及制订在国家粮食安全范围内负责任治理土地、渔场和森林保有权的自愿准则的包容性进程，", "重申由于发展中国家特别是粮食净进口国所面临全球粮食危机的多方面复杂原因及其对粮食安全和营养所产生的后果，各国政府和国际社会必须采取全面和协调一致的短期、中期和长期对策，仍然关切高昂和过度剧烈波动的粮食价格对战胜贫穷与饥饿以及对发展中国家为实现粮食安全和营养及实现至迟于2015年将营养不足人数减半的目标以及包括千年发展目标在内的其他国际商定发展目标的努力构成严重挑战，", "回顾已商定由部长级会议和世界贸易组织主管机关定期审查乌拉圭回合成果对最不发达国家和粮食净进口发展中国家的影响，以推动采取积极措施，使这些国家能够实现其发展目标，并为此呼吁执行《关于改革方案对最不发达和粮食净进口发展中国家的可能不利影响的措施的马拉喀什决定》，[15]", "强调指出必须通过国际合作等途径，增加对农业和农村发展的投资，以增加发展中国家的农业生产，其中许多国家已经成为粮食净进口国，", "欣见国家、区域和国际各级为改进粮食安全和营养状况所采取的举措和作出的承诺，", "回顾为实现全球粮食安全和通过双边和多边渠道提供充足和可预测的资源而作出的承诺，包括在《拉奎拉粮食安全倡议》中作出的财政和政策承诺；", "认识到必须有一个有利的国际和国内环境，以增加和维持对发展中国家农业部门的投资，并根据世界贸易组织多哈工作方案的规定，扩大市场准入，大幅减少扭曲贸易的国内支助，同时取消一切形式的出口补贴并抑制具有同等效果的所有出口措施，以创造更加公平的农业竞争环境，[16]", "又认识到农业在满足不断增长的全球人口的需求方面所起的关键作用，与特别是在发展中国家消除贫穷有着不可分割的联系，并强调指出，可持续农业和农村发展综合办法因此对于以环境可持续方式加强粮食安全至关重要，", "还认识到发展中国家中包括妇女在内的小农户、合作社、土著社区和地方社区及其知识和习俗在为今世后代保护、养护和可持续利用传统作物和生物多样性方面具有重要性和积极作用，为推动实现粮食安全作出重要贡献，并在落实就业政策、社会融合、地区和农村发展、农业及环境保护等领域发展目标方面具有重要性和积极作用，", "认识到包括妇女和土著人民在内的小农户可能没有获得工具、市场和土地保有权的平等机会，而平等机会是实现其生产潜力所必需的，", "重申，基于适足食物权和人人免于饥饿的基本权利，人人有权获得安全、充足和有营养的食物，以便能够充分发展和维持个人体能和智能，", "又重申必须致力于在粮食安全问题上采取全面双轨办法，其中包括采取直接行动，立即解决最弱势群体的饥饿问题，以及通过逐步实现充足食物权等途径，采取可持续农业、粮食安全、营养和农村发展方面的中长期方案，消除饥饿和贫穷的根源，", "强调指出为实现粮食安全而保护自然资源基础的重要性，", "赞赏地注意到包括联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金和世界粮食计划署在内的有关国际机构和组织在农业发展和加强粮食安全及改善营养方面开展的工作，", "认识到需要通过“全球农业、粮食安全和营养伙伴关系”加强粮食安全方面的国际协调和治理，世界粮食安全委员会是该伙伴关系的核心部分，并重申必须加强全球治理，不断加强现有机构并推动建立有效的伙伴关系，", "关切生活在赤贫和饥饿中的人数已将近10亿，这对世界上大都在发展中国家的许多人的生活、生计和尊严造成不可接受的损害，注意到最近的粮食危机、金融危机和经济危机等因素进一步加剧了在粮食安全、农业和农村发展方面长期投资不足的影响，", "仍然深切关注非洲之角数百万人民正在遭受规模难以想象的饥荒和人道主义灾难，", "关切粮食价格过度剧烈波动对粮食安全和营养的负面影响，特别是对穷人和弱势群体的负面影响，这一影响破坏了发展中国家经济增长和减少贫穷的前景，包括到2015年将饥饿人口比例减半的目标，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[17]", "2. 欢迎世界粮食安全委员会主席关于委员会落实改革的进展情况说明，[18] 敦促会员国并鼓励民间社会和私营部门大力支持这一改革以及委员会的宗旨和努力；", "3. 重申需要在国家、区域和国际发展政策中适当地紧急应对农业发展与粮食安全问题，同时考虑到加强可持续农业、生物多样性、粮食安全、营养与发展政策的协同增效作用；", "4. 又重申发展中国家决定本国粮食安全战略的重要性，重申粮食安全是国家政策责任，在粮食安全方面任何处理粮食安全挑战和消除贫穷的计划都必须在与国家一级所有重要利益攸关方磋商基础上，由国家阐述、制定、掌控和领导，敦促会员国，特别是那些粮食没有保障的会员国，将粮食安全定为高度优先事项，并在本国的国家方案和预算中予以反映；", "5. 确认实现粮食安全与改善营养状况密切相联，并着重指出必须作出特殊努力，以通过有针对性并有效地制订方案，满足妇女、儿童、老人和残疾人以及脆弱群体的营养需求；", "6. 重申必须采取前瞻性经济政策，以实现持续、包容性和公平经济增长及可持续发展，并增加就业机会，促进农业发展和减少贫穷；", "7. 仍然深切关注粮食危机及其对健康和营养，尤其是对非洲之角和其他脆弱地区的健康和营养的负面影响，并在这方面强调亟需在各级联手努力，以协调和有效的方式应对这些危机。", "8. 欣见2011年9月8日和9日在内罗毕举行的非洲之角危机问题首脑会议的宣言，它鼓励农民和农业投资者对有高度潜力的旱地和半旱地上的农业投入更多资源，以加强粮食安全，并为此支持六个非洲之角国家为促进农村综合发展而启动的《旱地倡议》，并支持各种旨在解决干旱多发地区脆弱性根本原因，特别强调牧民和农牧民并促进减轻灾害风险、生态系统恢复和可持续生计做法的区域项目；", "9. 在这方面又欣见非洲国家发挥强有力的领导作用，通过非洲发展新伙伴关系的非洲农业发展综合方案等举措，应对可持续农业发展挑战及实现粮食安全，该方案可提供一个框架，籍此协调为农业和粮食安全提供的支助，并吁请国际社会支持非洲实施非洲发展新伙伴关系[19] 框架内的各个方案；", "10. 确认不发达状况、荒漠化和土地退化以及极端天气事件除其他外，进一步损害非洲之角和其他脆弱地区的穷人和弱势群体的生计，呼吁各级以短期、中期和长期行动的形式，采取综合对策解决粮食安全和营养问题；", "11. 决定促进大幅度扩展粮食和农业研究及其供资，途径包括加强经改革的国际农业研究磋商组织的工作，支持国家研究体制、公立大学和研究机构，促进技术转让，分享知识、实践和研究，以适应和减轻气候变化，并改进在国家、区域和国际各级对研究成果和技术的公平获取，同时适当考虑保护遗传资源；", "12. 强调指出需要在各级解决粮食价格过度波动的根源，包括结构性原因，并需要管理与农业商品价格高昂和过度剧烈波动相联的风险，及其对全球粮食安全和营养以及对小农户和城市贫民造成的后果；", "13. 确认需要支持采取全面和协调一致的对策处理全球粮食危机错综复杂的多重根源，包括各国政府和国际社会采取短期、中期和长期政治、经济、社会、财政和技术解决办法，其中包括减轻粮食价格高昂和过度剧烈波动给发展中国家造成的影响，并确认相关联合国组织可以在这方面发挥重要作用；", "14. 着重指出及时、准确和透明的信息在帮助解决粮食价格过度波动方面的重要性，在这方面表示注意到联合国粮食及农业组织主持的农产品市场信息系统，并敦促参加该系统的国际组织、私营部门行为体和各国政府确保公开分发适时、高质量的粮食市场信息产品；", "15. 敦促会员国和国际组织实施政策和战略，改善国内、区域和国际市场的运作，并确保所有人特别是发展中国家的小农和女性务农者平等进入市场的机会，注意到必须采取符合世界贸易组织规则的不扭曲贸易的特别措施，目的是为发展中国家的小农制订激励办法，使他们能够提高生产率并且更平等地参与世界粮食市场竞争，敦促会员国不要采取有违世界贸易组织规则、对全球、区域和国家粮食安全产生不利影响的措施；", "16. 强调指出，一个普遍、有章可循、开放、非歧视和公平的多边贸易体系，将促进发展中国家的农业和农村发展，有助于实现世界粮食安全，敦促制定国家、区域和国际战略，促进包括妇女在内的农民尤其是小农参与社区、国内、区域和国际市场；", "17. 又强调指出，需要取消对世界粮食计划署为非商用人道主义目的购买的粮食实行的出口限制或特别赋税，并在今后不再实施这些限制或赋税；", "18. 促请会员国和世界贸易组织采取措施，促进能够进一步推动农产品贸易、查明对全世界穷人产生最严重影响的贸易障碍以及有助于支持发展中国家小生产者和边缘化生产者的贸易政策；", "19. 确认迫切需要并重申致力于早日圆满完成世界贸易组织谈判多哈回合，取得均衡、宏伟、全面和面向发展的成果，作为改善粮食安全的一项关键行动；", "20. 鼓励各级努力制订并加强社会保护措施和方案，包括为穷困者和弱势群体制订的国家安全网和保护方案，例如以工作换食品和现金、现金转移和补助券方案，学校供餐方案和母子营养方案；", "21. 重申需要考虑到世界贸易组织的规则和规定，在地方、国家、区域和国际发展政策中列入有利于发展中国家包括妇女在内的穷人和小农的预防和减困措施，这些措施须符合其国情和自身能力，在粮食价格过度波动引起短期、中期和长期的供应和市场扭曲问题时尤为如此；", "22. 支持采取具体措施，以通过风险管理战略、工具和文书，例如西非国家经济共同体依据世界贸易组织协定附件2领导实施的有针对性的区域紧急人道主义粮食储备试点项目,为最弱势群体抵御价格过度波动提供更好的保护；", "23. 确认发展中国家包括妇女在内的小农以及地方社区和土著社区在确保粮食安全和营养以及减少贫穷和保护生态系统方面的重要性，并确认需要协助他们发展；", "24. 注意到土著人民在粮食安全方面面临的挑战，并在这方面促请各国采取特别行动消除土著人民遭受饥饿和营养不良比例偏高的根源；", "25. 强调指出,作为促进农业发展和粮食安全的战略,需要加强小农和妇女务农者的能力，促进根据国家立法平等获得土地、供水、财政资源和技术，让小农更好地参与和进入可持续农业价值链和市场；", "26. 着重指出，需要大量增加投资并制订更好的政策，扶助可持续农业发展，特别是小农农业，以利许多最贫穷国家实现千年发展目标中关于贫穷和饥饿问题的具体目标；", "27. 强调指出，需要提高可持续农业生产和改善粮食供给与质量，途径包括长期投资、包括妇女在内的小农平等进入市场、获得信贷和投入、改善用地规划、作物多样化、商品化、发展适当的农村基础设施、改善发展中国家市场准入以及健全的水管理，包括有效灌溉、雨水采集和储存及适当管理相关设施，以及建立强大的农业价值链和投资兴办农村基础设施，这些对于加速实现关于饥饿的千年发展目标至关重要；", "28. 确认亟需完成关于在国家粮食安全范围内负责任地治理土地、渔场和森林保有权的自愿准则的谈判，这些准则将支持小农对农业的投资；", "29. 又确认为加强农业发展和粮食安全，除其他外通过私营部门进行农业投资包括外国直接投资的重要性，确认需要促进负责任的国际农业投资，为此呼吁所有投资者采取符合国家立法的农业做法，同时顾及国家对自然资源的主权、环境可持续性以及酌情促进地方社区和土著人民福祉和改善其生计的重要性；", "30. 支持开展包容性协商进程，以制订可加强粮食安全和营养的负责任农业投资原则并扩大对这些原则的认同，确认这一协商进程的第一步将是制订工作范围，包括范围、宗旨、预定的受惠者、这些原则的结构以及协商进程的形式，同时考虑到现有框架，例如联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金、联合国贸易和发展会议和世界银行制订的负责任农业投资原则；", "31. 鼓励国际、区域和国家各级努力增强发展中国家特别是其小生产者的能力，以提高粮食作物的生产率和营养质量，并推动在收获前及收获后农业活动中采取可持续的做法；", "32. 着重指出需要通过可持续农业实现粮食安全和营养，其方式既解决多重社会需要但又不损害后代的选择；", "33. 又着重指出需要继续考虑到可持续农业发展和粮食安全是2005年世界首脑会议确定的可持续发展三大支柱(经济发展、社会发展和环境保护)不可分割的一部分；", "34. 强调指出需要继续加大联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金、世界粮食计划署、各区域委员会以及联合国系统所有其他相关实体和其他政府间组织、国际金融机构及国际贸易、金融和经济机构根据各自任务规定开展合作的力度，以提高各自的成效，并加强与非政府组织和私营部门的合作，促进和加强实现农业发展以及粮食安全和营养的努力；", "35. 请秘书长考虑到对联合国各次主要国际会议采取的协调一致的后续行动，继续确保在驻地协调员系统范围内，在实地一级对2009年世界粮食安全首脑会议开展协调一致的后续行动；", "36. 邀请世界粮食安全委员会主席在通过经济及社会理事会提交大会第六十七届会议的委员会报告中，报告委员会改革的落实情况和在实现委员会的愿景方面取得的进展；", "37. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提出一份报告，说明与本决议重点指出的问题有关的最新情况以及2009年世界粮食安全首脑会议成果执行工作的进展情况；", "38. 决定将题为“农业发展和粮食安全”的项目列入第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国粮食及农业组织，WSFS 2009/2号文件。", "[2] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[3] 同上，附件二。", "[4] S-19/2号决议，附件。", "[5] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[6] 同上，决议2，附件。", "[7] 《发展筹资问题国际会议报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[8] 见第60/1号决议。", "[9] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[10] 见第65/1号决议。", "[11] 《第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议报告，2011年5月9日至13日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔》(A/CONF.219/7)，第二章。", "[12] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议的报告，1996年11月13日至17日》(WFS 96/REP)，第一部分，附录。", "[13] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后报告，2002年6月10日至13日》，第一部分，附录；另见A/57/499，附件。", "[14] 见第55/2号决议。", "[15] 见《体现多边贸易谈判乌拉圭回合各项结果的法律文书，1994年4月15日在马拉喀什签署》(关贸总协定秘书处出版物，出售品编号：GATT/1994-7)。", "[16] 见A/C.2/56/7，附件。", "[17] A/66/277。", "[18] 见A/66/76-E/2011/102。", "[19] A/57/304, 附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/220. Agriculture development and food security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security,[1] particularly the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[2] Agenda 21,[3] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[4] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development[5] and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[6] the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[7] the 2005 World Summit Outcome[8] and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[9] the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals[10] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,[11] as well as its resolutions 64/224 of 21 December 2009 and 65/178 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling further the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action,[12] the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later,[13] including the goal of achieving food security for all through an ongoing effort to eradicate hunger in all countries, with an immediate view to reducing by half the number of undernourished people no later than 2015, as well as the commitment to achieving the goals set out in paragraph 19 of the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[14]", "Acknowledging the work undertaken by the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis,", "Welcoming the outcome of the thirty-seventh session of the Committee on World Food Security, held in Rome from 17 to 22 October 2011,", "Noting the ongoing process of developing principles for responsible agricultural investment that respects rights, livelihoods and resources, as well as the inclusive process for the development of voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security,", "Reiterating that the multiple and complex causes of the global food crisis in developing countries, especially for net food importers, and its consequences for food security and nutrition require a comprehensive and coordinated response in the short, medium and long terms by national Governments and the international community, and remaining concerned that high and excessively volatile food prices pose a serious challenge to the fight against poverty and hunger and to the efforts of developing countries to attain food security and nutrition and to achieve the objective of reducing by half the number of undernourished people no later than 2015, as well as other internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recalling the agreement to keep under regular review, by the Ministerial Conference and appropriate organs of the World Trade Organization, the impact of the results of the Uruguay Round on the least developed countries as well as on the net food-importing developing countries, with a view to fostering positive measures to enable them to achieve their development objectives, and in this regard calls for the implementation of the Marrakesh Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries,[15]", "Stressing the need to increase investment in agriculture and rural development, including through international cooperation, with a view to increasing the agricultural production of developing countries, many of which have become net food importers,", "Welcoming national, regional and international initiatives and commitments aimed at improving food security and nutrition,", "Recalling the commitments made to achieve global food security and provide adequate and predictable resources through bilateral and multilateral channels, including the financial and policy commitments set out in the Aquila Food Security Initiative,", "Recognizing the importance of an enabling international and national environment to increase and sustain investment in the agriculture sector of developing countries and to create a more level playing field in agriculture through greater market access, a substantial reduction in trade-distorting domestic support and the parallel elimination of all forms of export subsidies and disciplines on all export measures with equivalent effect in accordance with the mandate from the Doha Work Programme of the World Trade Organization,[16]", "Recognizing also that agriculture plays a crucial role in addressing the needs of a growing global population and is inextricably linked to poverty eradication, especially in developing countries, and stressing that integrated and sustainable agriculture and rural development approaches are therefore essential to achieving enhanced food security in an environmentally sustainable way,", "Recognizing further the importance and positive role of smallholder farmers, including women, cooperatives and indigenous and local communities in developing countries, and their knowledge and practices, in the preservation, conservation and sustainable use of traditional crops and biodiversity for present and future generations as an important contribution to the achievement of food security, as well as in the implementation of development goals in such fields as employment policy, social integration, regional and rural development, agriculture and environmental protection,", "Recognizing that smallholder farmers, including women and indigenous peoples, may not have the equitable access to tools, markets and land tenure rights that is needed for them to reach their productive potential,", "Reaffirming the right of everyone to have access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, so as to be able to fully develop and maintain his or her physical and mental capacities,", "Reaffirming also the need to strive for a comprehensive twin-track approach to food security that consists of direct action to immediately tackle hunger for the most vulnerable and medium- and long-term sustainable agriculture, food security, nutrition and rural development programmes to eliminate the root causes of hunger and poverty, including through the progressive realization of the right to adequate food,", "Stressing the importance of the preservation of the natural resource base for food security,", "Noting with appreciation the work undertaken by relevant international bodies and organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the World Food Programme, on agricultural development and on enhancing food security and nutrition,", "Recognizing the need to strengthen international coordination and governance for food security through the Global Partnership for Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition, of which the Committee on World Food Security is a central component, and reiterating that it is essential to enhance global governance, building on existing institutions and fostering effective partnerships,", "Expressing concern that the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger has reached nearly one billion, which is an unacceptable blight on the lives, livelihoods and dignity of many of the world’s people, mostly in developing countries, and noting that the effects of long-standing underinvestment in food security, agriculture and rural development have recently been further exacerbated by the food, financial and economic crises, among other factors,", "Remaining deeply concerned about starvation and the humanitarian disaster on an unimaginable scale being faced by millions of people in the Horn of Africa,", "Expressing concern about the negative impact of high and excessively volatile food prices on food security and nutrition, particularly on the poor and people in vulnerable situations, which has undermined the prospect of developing countries for economic growth and poverty alleviation, including the goal to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[17]", "2. Welcomes the note by the Chair of the Committee on World Food Security on the progress made in implementing the reform of the Committee,[18] and urges Member States and encourages civil society and the private sector to strongly support such reform and the aims and endeavours of the Committee;", "3. Reiterates the need to adequately and urgently address agriculture development and food security in the context of national, regional and international development policies, taking into account the importance of enhancing synergies between sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, food security, nutrition and development policies;", "4. Also reiterates the importance of developing countries determining their own food security strategies, that food security is a national policy responsibility and that any plans for addressing food security challenges and the eradication of poverty in relation to food security must be nationally articulated, designed, owned and led and built in consultation with all key stakeholders at the national level, and urges Member States, especially those that suffer from food insecurity, to make food security a high priority and to reflect this in their national programmes and budgets;", "5. Acknowledges that the achievement of food security and improved nutrition outcomes are closely interlinked, and underlines the need to make special efforts to meet the nutritional needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, as well as those living in vulnerable situations, through targeted and effective programming;", "6. Reaffirms the importance of adopting forward-looking economic policies that lead to sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development and which increase employment opportunities, promote agriculture development and reduce poverty;", "7. Remains deeply concerned by food crises and their negative impact on health and nutrition, especially in the Horn of Africa and other vulnerable regions, and, in this regard, underlines the urgent need for joint efforts at all levels to respond in a coherent and effective manner to these crises;", "8. Welcomes the Declaration of the Summit on the Horn of Africa Crisis, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, which encouraged farmers and investors in agriculture to put more resources into agriculture in the high potential and arid and semi-arid lands to enhance food security and, in this regard, supported the Dry Land Initiative that was launched by six Horn of Africa countries to promote integrated rural development, as well as regional projects to address the underlying causes of vulnerability in drought-prone areas, with particular emphasis on pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, and to promote disaster risk reduction, ecosystem rehabilitation and sustainable livelihood practices;", "9. Also welcomes, in this context, the strong leadership shown by African countries in undertaking initiatives to address the challenges of sustainable agriculture development and to achieve food security, such as the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, that can provide a framework through which support for agriculture and food security can be coordinated, and calls upon the international community to support Africa in the implementation of the various programmes under the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;[19]", "10. Recognizes that underdevelopment, desertification and land degradation, as well as extreme weather events, inter alia, have contributed to undermining the livelihoods of the poor and people in vulnerable situations in the Horn of Africa and other vulnerable regions, and calls for an integrated approach at all levels in the form of immediate and medium- and long-term actions to address food security and nutrition;", "11. Promotes a significant expansion of research on food and agriculture, and its funding, including by strengthening the work of the reformed Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, supporting national research systems, public universities and research institutions, and promoting technology transfer, sharing of knowledge and practices and research to adapt to and mitigate climate change and improve equitable access to research results and technologies at the national, regional and international levels, while giving due consideration to the preservation of genetic resources;", "12. Stresses the need to address the root causes of excessive food price volatility, including its structural causes, at all levels, and the need to manage the risks linked to high and excessively volatile prices in agriculture commodities and their consequences for global food security and nutrition, as well as for smallholder farmers and poor urban dwellers;", "13. Recognizes the need to support a comprehensive and coordinated response to address the multiple and complex causes of the global food crisis, including the adoption of political, economic, social, financial and technical solutions in the short, medium and long terms by national Governments and the international community, including for mitigating the impact of high and excessively volatile food prices on developing countries; the relevant United Nations organizations have an important role to play in this regard;", "14. Underlines the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive food price volatility, and in this regard takes note of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and urges the participating international organizations, private sector actors and Governments to ensure the public dissemination of timely and quality food market information products;", "15. Urges Member States and international organizations to pursue policies and strategies that improve the functioning of domestic, regional and international markets and ensure equitable access for all to those markets, especially smallholder and women farmers in developing countries, notes the importance of non-trade-distorting special measures that are consistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization aimed at creating incentives for smallholder farmers in developing countries to enable them to increase their productivity and to compete on a more equal footing in world food markets, and urges Member States to refrain from taking measures that are inconsistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization and that have adverse impacts on global, regional and national food security;", "16. Stresses that a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system will promote agriculture and rural development in developing countries and contribute to world food security, and urges national, regional and international strategies to promote the participation of farmers, especially smallholder farmers, including women, in community, domestic, regional and international markets;", "17. Also stresses the need to remove food export restrictions or extraordinary taxes for food purchased for non-commercial humanitarian purposes by the World Food Programme, and not to impose them in the future;", "18. Calls upon Member States and the World Trade Organization to take measures to promote trade policies that would be capable of promoting further trade in agriculture products, identifying the obstacles to trade which have the most serious impact on the world’s poor and contributing to supporting small-scale and marginalized producers in developing countries;", "19. Recognizes the urgency of, and reaffirms its commitment to, reaching an early and successful conclusion of the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations with a balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome as a key action to improve food security;", "20. Encourages efforts at all levels to establish and strengthen social protection measures and programmes, including national safety nets and protection programmes for the needy and vulnerable such as food- and cash-for-work, cash-transfer and voucher programmes, school feeding programmes and mother-and-child nutrition programmes;", "21. Reaffirms the need to include prevention and mitigation measures for the poor and smallholder farmers, particularly women in developing countries, appropriate to their national context and circumstances and in accordance with their capacities, especially when excessive food price volatility causes access and market disruptions in the short, medium and long term within the context of local, national, regional and international development policies, taking into account World Trade Organization rules and provisions;", "22. Supports concrete initiatives aimed at improving protection for the most vulnerable against excessive price volatility through risk management strategies, tools and instruments, such as the development of the pilot project led by the Economic Community of West African States for a targeted regional emergency humanitarian food reserve, consistent with annex 2 to the World Trade Organization agreements;", "23. Recognizes the importance of smallholder farmers in developing countries, including women and local and indigenous communities, in ensuring food security and nutrition, reducing poverty and preserving ecosystems, and the need to assist their development;", "24. Notes the challenges faced by indigenous peoples in the context of food security, and in this regard calls upon States to take special actions to combat the root causes of the disproportionately high level of hunger and malnutrition among indigenous peoples;", "25. Stresses the need to strengthen the capacity of smallholder and women farmers as a strategy to enhance agriculture development and food security by promoting equitable access to land, water, financial resources and technologies in accordance with national legislation, as well as improving smallholder farmers’ participation in and access to sustainable agriculture value chains and markets;", "26. Underlines the need for substantial additional investment and better policies in support of sustainable agricultural development, especially smallholder agriculture, in order for many of the poorest countries to reach the poverty and hunger targets of the Millennium Development Goals;", "27. Stresses the need to increase sustainable agricultural production to augment the availability and quality of food, including through long-term investment, equitable access of smallholder farmers, including women, to markets, credit and inputs, improved land-use planning, crop diversification, commercialization, development of an adequate rural infrastructure and enhanced market access for developing countries, as well as sound water management, including efficient irrigation, water harvesting and storage and the appropriate management of relevant facilities, and the development of strong agriculture value chains and investment in rural infrastructure, which are critical to accelerating progress in order to achieve the hunger-related Millennium Development Goals;", "28. Recognizes the urgent need to finalize the negotiations on the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security, which will underpin smallholder investment in agriculture;", "29. Also recognizes the importance of agricultural investment, including foreign direct investment, through, inter alia, the private sector in enhancing agriculture development and food security as well as the need to promote responsible international investment in agriculture, and therefore calls for all investors to conduct agricultural practices in accordance with national legislation, taking into account national sovereignty over natural resources, environmental sustainability and the importance of promoting the well-being and improving the livelihood of local communities and indigenous peoples, as appropriate;", "30. Supports an inclusive consultation process for the development and the broader ownership of principles for responsible agricultural investment that enhances food security and nutrition, and acknowledges that the first step of this consultation process will be to develop terms of reference that include the scope, purpose, intended recipients and structure of those principles as well as the format of the consultation process, taking into account existing frameworks, such as the principles for responsible agricultural investment developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the World Bank;", "31. Encourages international, regional and national efforts to strengthen the capacity of developing countries, in particular their small-scale producers, in order to enhance the productivity and nutritional quality of food crops and to promote sustainable practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural activities;", "32. Underlines the need to achieve food security and nutrition through sustainable agriculture in a manner that addresses the multiplicity of social needs, without jeopardizing options for future generations;", "33. Also underlines the need to continue to take into account sustainable agriculture development and food security as an integral part of the three pillars of sustainable development as identified at the 2005 World Summit (economic development, social development and environmental protection);", "34. Stresses the need to continue to strengthen cooperation among the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Programme, regional commissions and all other relevant entities of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental organizations, the international financial institutions and international trade, financial and economic institutions, in accordance with their respective mandates, in order to increase their effectiveness, as well as to strengthen cooperation with non‑governmental organizations and the private sector in promoting and strengthening efforts towards agriculture development and food security and nutrition;", "35. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that a coordinated follow-up to the 2009 World Summit on Food Security is undertaken at the field level in the context of the resident coordinator system, taking into account the coordinated follow-up to major international conferences of the United Nations;", "36. Invites the Chair of the Committee on World Food Security to report, as part of the Committee’s report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council, on the implementation of the reform of, and on progress made towards achieving the vision of, the Committee;", "37. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on developments related to issues highlighted in the present resolution and on the progress in the implementation of the outcome of the 2009 World Summit on Food Security;", "38. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Agriculture development and food security”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[2]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3]  Ibid., annex II.", "[4]  Resolution S‑19/2, annex.", "[5]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[6]  Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[7]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[8]  See resolution 60/1.", "[9]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[10]  See resolution 65/1.", "[11]  Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 11.II.A.1), chap. II.", "[12]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13–17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[13]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit: five years later, 10–13 June 2002, part one, appendix; see also A/57/499, annex.", "[14]  See resolution 55/2.", "[15]  See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[16]  See A/C.2/56/7, annex.", "[17]  A/66/277.", "[18]  See A/66/76‑E/2011/102.", "[19]  A/57/304, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/220. Agriculture development and food security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, in particular the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security,", "Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, [2] Agenda 21,[3] the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,[4] the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development,[5] the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation),[6] the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,[7] the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[8] the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[9] the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals [9] and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020 [11] and its resolutions 64/224 of 21 December 2009 and 65/178 of 20 December 2010,", "Recalling further the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action [12], as well as the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, [13] including the goal of achieving food security for all through sustained efforts to eradicate hunger, with a view to reducing by half the number of undernourished people by no later than 2015, as a first step, and the commitment to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 19 of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, [14]", "Acknowledging the work of the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis,", "Welcoming the outcome of the thirty-seventh session of the Committee on World Food Security, held in Rome from 17 to 22 October 2011,", "Noting the ongoing process of developing principles for responsible agricultural investment that respect rights, livelihoods and resources, as well as the inclusive process of developing voluntary guidelines for the responsible governance of land, fisheries and forest tenure in the context of national food security,", "Reiterating that the multifaceted and complex causes of the global food crisis facing developing countries, in particular net food-importing countries, and its consequences for food security and nutrition require a comprehensive and coordinated response in the short, medium and long term by Governments and the international community, and remaining concerned that high and excessively volatile food prices pose serious challenges to the fight against poverty and hunger and to the efforts of developing countries to achieve food security and nutrition and to achieve the goal of halving the number of undernourished people by 2015, as well as other internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recalling the agreement to review, on a regular basis, the impact of the Uruguay Round outcomes on least developed countries and net food-importing developing countries by the Ministerial Conference and the competent bodies of the World Trade Organization in order to promote positive measures to enable those countries to achieve their development objectives, and in this regard calling for the implementation of the Marrakesh Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-importing Developing Countries, [15]", "Stressing the importance of increasing investment, including through international cooperation, in agriculture and rural development in order to increase agricultural production in developing countries, many of which have become net food importers,", "Welcoming national, regional and international initiatives and commitments to improve food security and nutrition,", "Recalling the commitments made to achieve global food security and to provide adequate and predictable resources through bilateral and multilateral channels, including the financial and policy commitments made in the L ' Aquila Food Security Initiative;", "Recognizing the need for an enabling international and national environment to increase and sustain investment in the agricultural sector of developing countries and to create a more level playing field for agricultural competition by increasing market access and significantly reducing trade-distorting domestic support, as provided for in the World Trade Organization Doha Work Programme, while eliminating all forms of export subsidies and discouraging all export measures with equivalent effect,[16]", "Recognizing also that the critical role of agriculture in meeting the needs of a growing global population is inextricably linked to poverty eradication, particularly in developing countries, and stressing that an integrated approach to sustainable agriculture and rural development is therefore essential to enhancing food security in an environmentally sustainable manner,", "Recognizing also the importance and positive role of small-scale farmers, including women, cooperatives, indigenous and local communities and their knowledge and practices in developing countries in the protection, conservation and sustainable use of traditional crops and biodiversity for present and future generations, as an important contribution to the achievement of food security and in the implementation of development goals in the areas of employment policies, social integration, regional and rural development, agriculture and environmental protection,", "Recognizing that small-scale farmers, including women and indigenous peoples, may not have equal access to tools, markets and land tenure, which is necessary to realize their productive potential,", "Reaffirming the right of everyone to have access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food, based on the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, so as to be able to fully develop and maintain his or her physical and mental capacities,", "Reaffirming also the need to commit to a comprehensive and twin-track approach to food security, which includes direct action to immediately address hunger among the most vulnerable groups and medium- and long-term programmes for sustainable agriculture, food security, nutrition and rural development, including through the progressive realization of the right to adequate food, in order to address the root causes of hunger and poverty,", "Stressing the importance of protecting the natural resource base for achieving food security,", "Noting with appreciation the work of relevant international bodies and organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the World Food Programme, in agricultural development and in enhancing food security and nutrition,", "Recognizing the need to strengthen international coordination and governance on food security through the Global Partnership on Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition, of which the Committee on World Food Security is a central part, and reaffirming the need to strengthen global governance, to continuously strengthen existing institutions and to promote effective partnerships,", "Expressing concern that the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger has reached nearly 1 billion, causing unacceptable harm to the lives, livelihoods and dignity of many people worldwide, mostly in developing countries, and noting that the impact of chronic underinvestment in food security, agriculture and rural development has been further exacerbated by, inter alia, the recent food, financial and economic crises,", "Remaining deeply concerned that millions of people in the Horn of Africa are suffering from an unimaginable scale of famine and humanitarian catastrophe,", "Concerned about the negative impact of excessive and volatile food prices on food security and nutrition, particularly for the poor and vulnerable, which undermines prospects for economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries, including the goal of halving the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [17]", "2. Welcomes the note by the Chair of the Committee on World Food Security on the progress made in implementing the reform of the Committee, and urges Member States and encourages civil society and the private sector to strongly support the reform and the aims and efforts of the Committee;", "3. Reaffirms the need to address agriculture development and food security as an appropriate and urgent issue in national, regional and international development policies, taking into account the strengthening of synergies among sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, food security, nutrition and development policies;", "4. Also reaffirms the importance of developing countries determining their own food security strategies, that food security is a national policy responsibility and that any plan to address food security challenges and poverty eradication in the context of food security must be nationally articulated, developed, owned and led, in consultation with all key stakeholders at the national level, and urges Member States, in particular those with food insecurity, to make food security a high priority and to reflect it in their national programmes and budgets;", "5. Recognizes the close link between achieving food security and improving nutrition, and stresses the need for special efforts to address the nutritional needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, as well as vulnerable groups, through targeted and effective programming;", "6. Reaffirms the importance of forward-looking economic policies for sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development, as well as for increased employment opportunities, agricultural development and poverty reduction;", "7. Remains deeply concerned about the food crisis and its negative impact on health and nutrition, particularly in the Horn of Africa and other vulnerable areas, and in this regard stresses the urgent need for joint efforts at all levels to address these crises in a coordinated and effective manner.", "8. Welcomes the declaration of the Horn of Africa Crisis Summit, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, which encouraged farmers and agricultural investors to invest more resources in high-potential agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas in order to enhance food security, and in this regard supports the Drylands Initiative launched by the six Horn of Africa countries to promote integrated rural development, as well as regional projects aimed at addressing the root causes of vulnerability in drought-prone areas, with special emphasis on pastoralists and pastoralists and to promote disaster risk reduction, ecosystem rehabilitation and sustainable livelihood practices;", "9. Also welcomes, in this regard, the strong leadership of African countries in addressing sustainable agricultural development challenges and achieving food security, including through the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme of the New Partnership for Africa ' s Development, which provides a framework for coordinating support for agriculture and food security, and calls upon the international community to support Africa in the implementation of programmes within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa ' s Development;[19]", "10. Recognizes that underdevelopment, desertification and land degradation, and extreme weather events, inter alia, further undermine the livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable in the Horn of Africa and other vulnerable areas, and calls for an integrated approach to food security and nutrition at all levels in the form of short-, medium- and long-term actions;", "11. Decides to promote a substantial expansion of research on food and agriculture and its financing, including by strengthening the work of the reformed Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, supporting national research systems, public universities and research institutions, promoting the transfer of technology, sharing knowledge, practices and research to adapt to and mitigate climate change and improving equitable access to research results and technologies at the national, regional and international levels, with due consideration to the protection of genetic resources;", "12. Stresses the need to address at all levels the root causes of excessive food price volatility, including its structural causes, and the need to manage the risks associated with high and excessive volatility of agricultural commodity prices and its consequences for global food security and nutrition, as well as for smallholder farmers and the urban poor;", "13. Recognizes the need to support a comprehensive and coordinated response to address the multiple and complex causes of the global food crisis, including short-, medium- and long-term political, economic, social, financial and technical solutions by Governments and the international community, including by mitigating the impact of high and excessively high food prices on developing countries, and also recognizes the important role that relevant United Nations organizations can play in this regard;", "14. Stresses the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information in helping to address excessive food price volatility, takes note in this regard of the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and urges international organizations, private sector actors and Governments participating in the System to ensure the public distribution of timely, high-quality food market information products;", "15. Urges Member States and international organizations to implement policies and strategies to improve the functioning of domestic, regional and international markets and to ensure equal access to markets for all, especially small-scale farmers and women farmers in developing countries, notes the importance of non-trade-distorting special measures consistent with World Trade Organization rules aimed at creating incentives for small-scale farmers in developing countries to increase their productivity and to compete more equally in world food markets, and urges Member States to refrain from measures that adversely affect global, regional and national food security, contrary to World Trade Organization rules;", "16. Stresses that a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system will promote agriculture and rural development in developing countries and contribute to world food security, and urges the development of national, regional and international strategies to promote the participation of farmers, including women, especially smallholders, in community, domestic, regional and international markets;", "17. Also stresses the need to remove export restrictions or special taxes on food purchased by the World Food Programme for non-commercial humanitarian purposes and to refrain from imposing such restrictions or taxes in the future;", "18. Urges Member States and the World Trade Organization to take measures to promote trade policies that can further promote trade in agricultural products, identify trade barriers that have the greatest impact on the world ' s poor and help to support small and marginalized producers in developing countries;", "19. Recognizes the urgent need and reaffirms its commitment to an early and successful conclusion of the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations with a balanced, ambitious, comprehensive and development-oriented outcome as a key action to improve food security;", "20. Encourages efforts at all levels to develop and strengthen social protection measures and programmes, including national safety nets and protection programmes for the poor and vulnerable, such as food for work and cash, cash transfer and voucher programmes, school feeding programmes and mother-and-child nutrition programmes;", "21. Reaffirms the need to include in local, national, regional and international development policies, taking into account the rules and provisions of the World Trade Organization, prevention and alleviation measures in favour of the poor and smallholder farmers, including women, in developing countries, in accordance with their national circumstances and capacities, in particular when the excessive volatility of food prices causes short-, medium- and long-term supply and market distortions;", "22. Supports the adoption of concrete measures to provide better protection to the most vulnerable against excessive price volatility through risk management strategies, tools and instruments, such as the pilot project on targeted regional emergency humanitarian food reserves led by the Economic Community of West African States, in accordance with annex 2 of the World Trade Organization Agreement;", "23. Recognizes the importance of small-scale farmers, including women, and local and indigenous communities in developing countries in ensuring food security and nutrition, as well as in reducing poverty and protecting ecosystems, and the need to assist their development;", "24. Notes the challenges faced by indigenous peoples in the context of food security, and in this regard urges States to take special action to address the root causes of the disproportionately high level of hunger and malnutrition among indigenous peoples;", "25. Stresses the need to strengthen the capacity of small-scale farmers and women farmers as a strategy to promote agricultural development and food security, to promote equal access to land, water, financial resources and technology in accordance with national legislation and to improve the participation and access of small-scale farmers to sustainable agricultural value chains and markets;", "26. Stresses the need for substantial increases in investment and better policies to support sustainable agricultural development, in particular smallholder agriculture, in order to facilitate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal target on poverty and hunger in many of the poorest countries;", "27. Stresses the need to improve sustainable agricultural production and food supply and quality, including through long-term investments, equitable access to markets for smallholders, including women, credit and inputs, improved land-use planning, crop diversification, commercialization, development of appropriate rural infrastructure, improved market access for developing countries and sound water management, including effective irrigation, rainwater harvesting and storage and appropriate management of related facilities, as well as strong agricultural value chains and investment in rural infrastructure, which are essential to accelerate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal on hunger;", "28. Recognizes the urgent need to conclude negotiations on voluntary guidelines for responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security, which will support small-scale farmers ' investments in agriculture;", "29. Also recognizes the importance of agricultural investment, including foreign direct investment, through, inter alia, the private sector, to enhance agricultural development and food security, and recognizes the need to promote responsible international investment in agriculture, and in this regard calls upon all investors to adopt agricultural practices consistent with national legislation, taking into account national sovereignty over natural resources, environmental sustainability and the importance of promoting the well-being and improving the livelihoods of local communities and indigenous peoples, as appropriate;", "30. Supports an inclusive consultative process to develop and broaden the recognition of principles for responsible agricultural investment that enhances food security and nutrition, recognizing that the first step of such a consultative process would be to develop terms of reference, including scope, purpose, intended beneficiaries, the structure of the principles and the format of the consultative process, taking into account existing frameworks, such as those developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the World Bank;", "31. Encourages international, regional and national efforts to enhance the capacity of developing countries, in particular their small producers, to improve the productivity and nutritional quality of food crops and to promote sustainable practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural activities;", "32. Stresses the need to achieve food security and nutrition through sustainable agriculture in a manner that addresses multiple social needs without compromising the choices of future generations;", "33. Also stresses the need to continue to take into account that sustainable agricultural development and food security are an integral part of the three pillars of sustainable development (economic development, social development and environmental protection) identified at the 2005 World Summit;", "34. Stresses the need to continue to intensify cooperation among the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Programme, the regional commissions and all other relevant entities of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions and international trade, financial and economic institutions, in accordance with their respective mandates, in order to enhance their effectiveness and to strengthen cooperation with non-governmental organizations and the private sector in promoting and strengthening efforts towards agricultural development and food security and nutrition;", "35. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure a coordinated follow-up to the 2009 World Summit on Food Security at the field level within the resident coordinator system, taking into account the coordinated follow-up to major United Nations international conferences;", "36. Invites the Chair of the Committee on World Food Security to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council, on the implementation of the reform of the Committee and on the progress made towards achieving its vision;", "37. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the latest developments related to the issues highlighted in the present resolution and on the progress made in the implementation of the outcome of the 2009 World Summit on Food Security;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Agriculture development and food security”.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2.", "[2] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3] Ibid., annex II.", "[4] Resolution S-19/2, annex.", "[5] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[6] Ibid., resolution 2, annex.", "[7] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[8] See resolution 60/1.", "[9] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[10] See resolution 65/1.", "[11] Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9-13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. II.", "[12] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13-17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[13] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit: five years later, 10-13 June 2002, part one, appendix; see also A/57/499, annex.", "[14] See resolution 55/2.", "[15] See Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (GATT secretariat publication, Sales No. GATT/1994-7).", "[16] See A/C.2/56/7, annex.", "[17] A/66/277.", "[18] See A/66/76-E/2011/102.", "[19] A/57/304, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/446)通过]", "66/221. 2013国际藜麦年", "大会，", "注意到藜麦是一种营养价值高的天然食物，", "认识到安第斯土著人民利用其与自然和谐相处的传统智慧和习俗，一直维护、管理、保护和保存天然藜麦，包括其多个种类和地方品种，作为今世后代的食物，", "申明必须促使全世界关注由于藜麦营养价值高，其生物多样性能够在确保粮食安全、营养和消除贫穷方面发挥的作用，以支持实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，并落实关于千年发展目标的大会高级别全体会议成果文件，[1]", "回顾联合国粮食及农业组织第三十七届大会通过2011年7月2日的第15/2011号决议，[2]", "又回顾《关于世界粮食安全的罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》、[3]", "《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后宣言》[4] 和《世界粮食安全首脑会议宣言》，[5]", "还回顾经济及社会理事会关于国际年和周年纪念的1980年7月25日第1980/67号决议和大会关于宣布国际年问题的1998年12月15日第53/199号决议和2006年12月20日第61/185号决议，", "申明需要提高公众对藜麦的营养、经济、环境和文化属性的认识，", "1. 决定宣布2013年为国际藜麦年；", "2. 邀请联合国粮食及农业组织铭记经济及社会理事会第1980/67号决议附件的规定，协同各国政府和联合国系统相关组织以及土著人民组织和非政府组织，推动落实国际藜麦年；又邀请联合国粮食及农业组织随时向大会报告这方面的进展情况；", "3. 强调因执行本决议而可能产生的任何活动应通过预算外资源供资；", "4. 吁请各国政府以及有关区域组织和国际组织为该国际年提供自愿捐款和其他形式的支助，并邀请非政府组织、其他相关的利益攸关方和私营部门为该国际年提供自愿捐款和支助。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见第65/1号决议。", "[2] 见联合国粮食及农业组织，《粮农组织大会报告, 第三十七届会议,2011年6月25日至7月2日，罗马》(C 2011/REP)。", "[3] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议的报告，1996年11月13日至17日》", "(WFS 96/REP)，第一部分，附录。", "[4] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《世界粮食首脑会议：五年之后报告，2002年6月10日至13日》，第一部分，附录；另见A/57/499，附件。", "[5] 见联合国粮食及农业组织, WSFS 2009/2号文件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/221. International Year of Quinoa, 2013", "The General Assembly,", "Noting that quinoa is a natural food high in nutritional value,", "Recognizing that Andean indigenous peoples, through their traditional knowledge and practices of living well, in harmony with nature, have maintained, controlled, protected and preserved quinoa in its natural state, including its many varieties and landraces, as food for present and future generations,", "Affirming the need to focus world attention on the role that quinoa biodiversity can play, owing to the nutritional value of quinoa, in providing food security and nutrition and in the eradication of poverty in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and of the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[1]", "Recalling resolution 15/2011 adopted on 2 July 2011 by the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at its thirty-seventh session,[2]", "Recalling also the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action,[3] the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later[4] and the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security,[5]", "Recalling further Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67 of 25 July 1980 on international years and anniversaries and General Assembly resolutions 53/199 of 15 December 1998 and 61/185 of 20 December 2006 on the proclamation of international years,", "Affirming the need to heighten public awareness of the nutritional, economic, environmental and cultural properties of quinoa,", "1. Decides to declare 2013 the International Year of Quinoa;", "2. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, mindful of the provisions of the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67, to facilitate the implementation of the International Year of Quinoa, in collaboration with Governments and relevant organizations of the United Nations system, as well as indigenous peoples’ organizations and non-governmental organizations, and also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to keep the General Assembly informed of progress made in this regard;", "3. Stresses that any activities that may arise from the implementation of the present resolution should be met through extrabudgetary resources;", "4. Calls upon Governments and relevant regional and international organizations to make voluntary contributions and lend other forms of support to the Year, and invites non-governmental organizations, other relevant stakeholders and the private sector to make voluntary contributions to and support the Year.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 65/1.", "[2]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Conference of FAO, Thirty‑seventh Session, Rome, 25 June–2 July 2011 (C 2011/REP).", "[3]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13–17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[4]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit: five years later, 10–13 June 2002, part one, appendix; see also A/57/499, annex.", "[5]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/221. International Year of Quinoa 2013", "The General Assembly,", "Noting that quinoa is a natural food of high nutritional value,", "Recognizing that the Andean indigenous peoples, using their traditional wisdom and customs in harmony with nature, have been preserving, managing, protecting and preserving natural quinoa, including its many varieties and local varieties, as food for present and future generations,", "Affirming the need to focus worldwide attention on the role that Quinoa can play in ensuring food security, nutrition and poverty eradication because of its high nutritional value, in support of the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and in the implementation of the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, [1],", "Recalling resolution 15/2011 of 2 July 2011 adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at its thirty-seventh session,[2]", "Recalling also the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action,[3]", "Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later [4] and Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security [5]", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67 of 25 July 1980 on international years and anniversaries and General Assembly resolutions 53/199 of 15 December 1998 and 61/185 of 20 December 2006 on the proclamation of international years,", "Affirming the need to raise public awareness of the nutritional, economic, environmental and cultural attributes of quinoa,", "1. Decides to declare 2013 the International Year of Quinoa;", "2. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, bearing in mind the provisions of the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67, to work with Governments and relevant organizations of the United Nations system, as well as indigenous peoples ' organizations and non-governmental organizations, to promote the implementation of the International Year of Quinoa, and also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to keep the General Assembly informed of progress made in this regard;", "Stresses that any activities that may arise from the implementation of the present resolution should be funded through extrabudgetary resources;", "4. Calls upon Governments and relevant regional and international organizations to make voluntary contributions and other forms of support for the Year, and invites non-governmental organizations, other relevant stakeholders and the private sector to make voluntary contributions and support for the Year.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See resolution 65/1.", "[2] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the FAO Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, Rome, 25 June-2 July 2011 (C/2011/REP).", "[3] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13-17 November 1996", "(WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix.", "[4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit: five years later, 10-13 June 2002, part one, appendix; see also A/57/499, annex.", "[5] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WFP/2009/2." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/446)通过]", "66/222. 2014国际家庭农业年", "大会，", "回顾联合国粮食及农业组织大会第三十七届大会2011年7月2日通过的第16/2011号决议，[1]", "又回顾大会关于农业发展与粮食安全的2010年12月20日第65/178号决议，", "注意到2009年11月18日通过的《世界粮食安全首脑会议宣言》，[2] 其中表示支持许多为妇女的小农的特殊需要，", "回顾经济及社会理事会关于国际年和周年纪念的1980年7月25日第1980/67号决议和大会关于宣布国际年问题的1998年12月15日第53/199号决议和2006年12月20日第61/185号决议，", "申明家庭农业和小农农业是旨在实现粮食安全的可持续粮食生产的重要基础，", "认识到家庭农业和小农农业可在实现包括千年发展目标的国际商定发展目标过程中对粮食保障和消除贫穷做出重要贡献，", "1. 宣布2014年为国际家庭农业年；", "2. 邀请联合国粮食及农业组织铭记经济及社会理事会第1980/67号决议附件的规定，协同各国政府、联合国开发计划署、国际农业发展基金、国际农业研究磋商组织和联合国系统其他相关组织及相关非政府组织，推动落实国际家庭农业年；又邀请联合国粮食及农业组织随时向大会报告这方面的进展情况；并强调因执行本决议而可能产生的超出执行机构目前授权范围的所有活动的费用应由自愿捐款供资；", "3. 鼓励会员国根据本国的发展方案开展活动，支持国际家庭农业年。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 见联合国粮食及农业组织，《粮农组织大会报告，第三十七届会议，2011年6月25日至7月2日，罗马》(C 2011/REP)。", "[2] 联合国粮食及农业组织，WSFS 2009/2号文件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/222. International Year of Family Farming, 2014", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling resolution 16/2011 adopted on 2 July 2011 by the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at its thirty-seventh session,[1]", "Recalling also General Assembly resolution 65/178 of 20 December 2010 on agriculture development and food security,", "Noting the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security,[2] adopted on 18 November 2009, expressing, inter alia, support for the special needs of smallholder farmers, many of whom are women,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67 of 25 July 1980 on international years and anniversaries and General Assembly resolutions 53/199 of 15 December 1998 and 61/185 of 20 December 2006 on the proclamation of international years,", "Affirming that family farming and smallholder farming are an important basis for sustainable food production aimed at achieving food security,", "Recognizing the important contribution that family farming and smallholder farming can play in providing food security and eradicating poverty in the attainment of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "1. Decides to declare 2014 the International Year of Family Farming;", "2. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, mindful of the provisions of the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67, to facilitate the implementation of the International Year of Family Farming, in collaboration with Governments, the United Nations Development Programme, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and other relevant organizations of the United Nations system, as well as relevant non-governmental organizations, also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to keep the General Assembly informed of progress made in this regard, and stresses that the costs of all activities that may arise from the implementation of the present resolution above and beyond activities currently within the mandate of the implementing agency should be met from voluntary contributions;", "3. Encourages Member States to undertake activities within their respective national development programmes in support of the International Year of Family Farming.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Conference of FAO, Thirty-seventh Session, Rome, 25 June–2 July 2011 (C 2011/REP).", "[2]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/446)]", "66/222. International Year of Family Agriculture, 2014", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling resolution 16/2011 adopted on 2 July 2011 by the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at its thirty-seventh session [1],", "Recalling also General Assembly resolution 65/178 of 20 December 2010 on agriculture development and food security,", "Taking note of the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, adopted on 18 November 2009,[2] in which support was expressed for the special needs of many women smallholder farmers,", "Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67 of 25 July 1980 on international years and anniversaries and General Assembly resolutions 53/199 of 15 December 1998 and 61/185 of 20 December 2006 on the proclamation of international years,", "Affirming that family and smallholder agriculture are important foundations for sustainable food production aimed at achieving food security,", "Recognizing the important contribution that family and smallholder agriculture can make to food security and poverty eradication in achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "1. Declares 2014 the International Year of Family Farming;", "2. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, bearing in mind the provisions of the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67, to work with Governments, the United Nations Development Programme, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and other relevant organizations of the United Nations system and relevant non-governmental organizations to promote the implementation of the International Year of Family Farming; also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to keep the General Assembly informed of progress in this regard; and stresses that the costs of all activities that may arise from the implementation of the present resolution beyond the current mandate of the implementing agency should be funded through voluntary contributions;", "3. Encourages Member States to support the International Year of Family Farming through activities in line with their national development programmes.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the FAO Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, Rome, 25 June-2 July 2011 (C2011/REP).", "[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/447)通过]", "66/223. 建立全球伙伴关系", "大会，", "回顾其2000年12月21日第55/215号、2001年12月11日第56/76号、2003年12月19日第58/129号、2005年12月22日第60/215号、2007年12月19日第62/211号和2009年12月21日第64/223号决议，", "重申可持续发展是联合国活动特别是实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)[1] 所载目标总框架的主要内容，", "回顾《联合国千年宣言》[2] 所定目标，特别是千年发展目标，回顾这些目标在《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[3] 和2010年大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议的成果文件[4] 中得到重申，特别是通过向私营部门、非政府组织和一般民间社会提供更多机会来发展各种伙伴关系，以使其能够对实现联合国的目标和方案，尤其是对谋求发展和消除贫穷作出贡献，", "着重指出，联合国与所有相关伙伴包括与私营部门的合作，应有助于实现《联合国宪章》所载宗旨和原则，在进行此种合作时，应维护和促进联合国的完整性、公正性和独立性，", "表示注意到全世界公私伙伴关系的数目进一步增加，", "欣见包括私营部门、非政府组织和民间社会在内的所有有关伙伴对落实联合国在经济、社会、环境及其他有关领域各次主要会议和首脑会议及其审议会议的成果，以及对实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标作出贡献，", "强调联合国可与私营部门和所有其他相关伙伴一起，通过多种途径为克服发展中国家在筹集可持续发展所需资源时面临的障碍和实现国际商定的发展目标作出贡献，", "欣见包括私营部门在内的所有相关伙伴所做的努力，并鼓励他们作出进一步努力，作为可靠和始终如一的伙伴参与发展进程，并考虑到其经营活动不仅在经济和金融方面，而且在发展、社会、人权、性别平等及环境方面产生的影响，同时普遍履行企业的社会责任和环境责任，即应按照国家法律规章，在基于获利动机的行为和政策中体现这种价值观和责任，", "回顾2005年世界首脑会议欢迎私营部门和民间社会，包括非政府组织、基金和学术界在促进和执行发展和人权方案方面所做的积极贡献，又回顾2005年世界首脑会议决心加强非政府组织、民间社会、私营部门和其他利益攸关方在国家发展努力及促进全球发展伙伴关系方面的贡献，并鼓励在广泛领域建立公私伙伴关系，以期消除贫穷、促进充分就业和社会融合；", "注意到私营部门伙伴关系可在支持联合国系统人道主义援助活动方面发挥的重要作用，同时考虑到受影响的国家在其领土内启动、组织、协调和实施此类援助方面所发挥的主要作用，", "认识到私营部门根据国家立法、发展计划和优先目标，在许多领域推动为政策环境、技术方案、倡导和沟通、知识管理和资源筹集提供资源和专门知识，", "注意到金融和经济危机除其他外表明，经营活动要有价值观和原则，包括可持续的经营做法以及促进充分生产性就业和人人均有体面工作，这又使私营部门能够更广泛地参与支持联合国的各项目标，", "重申可持续发展的各项原则，并着重指出，需要就有利于实现可持续、公平、公正和持续的经济发展的主要价值观和原则达成全球共识，而企业的社会责任和环境责任是这种共识的重要内容，", "认识到在全球伙伴关系中促进性别平等观点的重要性，在这方面欣见联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)的设立，并赞赏地注意到联合国全球契约与妇女署联合提出的“妇女赋权原则：性别平等与企业利益双赢关于增强妇女权能原则”的倡议，", "表示赞赏地注意到联合国建立伙伴关系工作取得的进展，尤其是在联合国各组织、机构、基金、方案、工作队、委员会和各项举措框架内取得的进展，并表示注意到联合国各机构、非公营伙伴和会员国在实地一级结成伙伴关系，", "赞赏地注意到通过联合国全球契约促进了企业社会责任的概念，", "认识到联合国全球契约办公室根据大会关于在联合国系统内和全球企业界促进联合国价值观和负责任企业做法的授权，在提高联合国与私营部门结成战略伙伴关系的能力方面继续发挥重要作用，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告、[5] 联合检查组的报告[6] 和秘书长对该报告的评论；[7]", "2. 强调指出，伙伴关系是公营和非公营部门各方之间自愿结成的协作关系，其中所有参与方同意携手合作，以实现一个共同目标或进行一项具体工作，并按照双方的协议分担风险和责任、资源和惠益；", "3. 又强调指出，自愿伙伴关系所作贡献对实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的重要性，同时重申伙伴关系补充而不是要代替各国政府为实现这些目标所作出的承诺；", "4. 还强调指出，伙伴关系应与国家法律、国家发展战略和计划及其执行工作所在国的优先目标保持一致，同时考虑到各国政府给予的相关指导；", "5. 强调各国政府在促进负责任的经营做法，包括酌情提供必要法律和规章框架方面所起的至关重要的作用，并邀请各国政府继续支持联合国为使私营部门适当参与而做出的努力，同时铭记联合国全球契约地方网络开展的活动；", "6. 确认私营部门通过采用各种伙伴关系模式等办法并通过创造体面就业和投资、提供获得新技术的机会和开发新技术、以及促进持久、包容性和公平经济增长而在发展方面所起的至关重要作用，同时铭记需要确保其活动完全符合发展战略由国家掌控的原则；", "7. 又确认在联合国实施此种公私伙伴关系方面需要有行之有效的问责制和透明度；", "8. 促请国际社会为应对全球化背景下的发展挑战，继续推广涉及多个利益攸关方的办法；", "9. 鼓励联合国系统继续为其参加的伙伴关系制定系统性共同办法，更多地注重影响、透明度、连贯性、问责制和可持续性，不在伙伴关系协定中作出过于刻板的规定，并适当考虑到遵循伙伴关系的各项原则，即：共同目的、透明度、不给予联合国的任何合作伙伴任何不公平的优势、互利和相互尊重、问责制、尊重联合国的工作方式、努力实现发达国家、发展中国家和经济转型国家相关伙伴的均衡代表性、部门和地域平衡，以及不损害联合国的独立和中立；", "10. 又鼓励联合国系统继续寻找其他创新办法，通过查明和复制成功的伙伴关系模式和采用新的合作形式取得持久效果；", "11. 请联合国全球契约地方网络促进增强妇女权能的原则，并使人们了解企业可在工作场所、市场和社区促进性别平等的多种办法；", "12. 着重指出在这方面联合国全球契约所采取和倡导的廉洁措施至关重要；", "13. 请秘书长通过有效执行经订正的联合国与工商部门合作准则等方法，促进有效执行关于联合国与私营部门伙伴关系的联合国订正准则，从而促进注重透明度和业绩的文化，并邀请秘书长在秘书处设立一个内部咨询组，使用创新和成本效益高的工作方法，确保在整个联合国开展连贯一致的品牌管理，并就伙伴关系的最佳做法和经验教训提出建议；", "14. 邀请联合国系统在考虑伙伴关系时，设法以更一致的方式与那些支持《联合国宪章》和其他有关公约和条约所述联合国核心价值观、承诺奉行联合国全球契约各项原则并为此把这些原则转化成企业经营政策、行为守则以及管理、监测和报告制度的私营部门实体、包括小型和中型企业互动协作；", "15. 鼓励国际社会加强全球伙伴关系，按照国家计划和优先目标，在伙伴关系中采用和落实国际劳工组织《全球就业契约》；", "16. 表示赞赏地注意到自2008年以来每年举办私营部门论坛；", "17. 又表示赞赏地注意到2011年5月9日至13日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议提出的私营部门轨道；", "18. 确认联合国全球契约地方网络的工作以及联合国系统在地方一级与联合国全球契约地方网络开展合作以酌情通过与现有网络相辅相成的方式支持全球伙伴关系在地方一级的协调与实施的重要性；", "19. 确认每年举办联合国系统私营部门联络员会议，召集联合国各实体交流最佳做法和经验教训，以改进伙伴关系，并为有效扩大规模创造条件；", "20. 注意到在进一步促进联合国与私营部门合作和通过启动连接私营部门资源与联合国系统需要的联合国商务网站[8] 提高透明度方面取得的进展；", "21. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提出报告，说明在廉洁措施、执行关于联合国与私营部门伙伴关系的联合国订正准则和加强联合国全球契约地方网络方面取得的具体进展。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号: C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] 见第60/1号决议。", "[4] 见第65/1号决议。", "[5] A/66/320。", "[6] 见A/66/137和Corr.1。", "[7] A/66/137/Add.1。", "[8] 见business.un.org。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/447)]", "66/223. Towards global partnerships", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/215 of 21 December 2000, 56/76 of 11 December 2001, 58/129 of 19 December 2003, 60/215 of 22 December 2005, 62/211 of 19 December 2007 and 64/223 of 21 December 2009,", "Reiterating that sustainable development is a key element of the overarching framework for United Nations activities, in particular for achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and those contained in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),[1]", "Recalling the objectives formulated in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[2] notably the Millennium Development Goals, and the reaffirmation they received in the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[3] and the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals in 2010,[4] particularly in regard to developing partnerships through the provision of greater opportunities to the private sector, non-governmental organizations and civil society in general so as to enable them to contribute to the realization of the goals and programmes of the Organization, in particular in the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty,", "Underlining the fact that cooperation between the United Nations and all relevant partners, including the private sector, shall serve the purposes and principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, and shall be undertaken in a manner that maintains and promotes the integrity, impartiality and independence of the Organization,", "Taking note of the further increase in the number of public-private partnerships worldwide,", "Welcoming the contribution of all relevant partners, including the private sector, non-governmental organizations and civil society, to the implementation of the outcomes of the United Nations conferences and summits and their reviews in the economic, social, environmental and related fields, as well as the realization of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Emphasizing that the United Nations, together with the private sector and all other relevant partners, can contribute in multiple ways to addressing the obstacles confronted by developing countries in mobilizing the resources needed to finance their sustainable development and to the realization of the internationally agreed development goals,", "Welcoming the efforts and encouraging further efforts by all relevant partners, including the private sector, to engage as reliable and consistent partners in the development process and to take into account not only the economic and financial but also the developmental, social, human rights, gender and environmental implications of their undertakings and, in general, towards implementing corporate social and environmental responsibility, that is, bringing such values and responsibilities to bear on their conduct and policy premised on profit incentives, in conformity with national laws and regulations,", "Recalling that the 2005 World Summit welcomed the positive contributions of the private sector and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, foundations and academia, in the promotion and implementation of development and human rights programmes, and also recalling that the 2005 World Summit resolved to enhance the contribution of non-governmental organizations, civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders in national development efforts, as well as in the promotion of the global partnership for development, and encouraged public-private partnerships in a wide range of areas, with the aim of eradicating poverty and promoting full employment and social integration,", "Noting that private sector partnerships can play an important role in support of the humanitarian assistance activities of the United Nations system, taking into account the primary role of the affected State in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of such assistance within its territory,", "Recognizing the contribution of the private sector to the provision of resources and expertise on the policy environment, technical programmes, advocacy and communication, knowledge management and resource mobilization in many areas, in accordance with national legislation and development plans and priorities,", "Noting that the financial and economic crisis, inter alia, has demonstrated the need for values and principles in business, including for sustainable business practices, and the promotion of full and productive employment and decent work for all, which in turn has led to broader private sector engagement in support of United Nations goals,", "Reaffirming the principles of sustainable development, and underlining the need for a global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable, fair, equitable and sustained economic development, and that corporate social and environmental responsibility are important elements of such a consensus,", "Recognizing the importance of promoting a gender perspective in global partnerships, welcoming in this context the establishment of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), and taking note with appreciation of the joint United Nations Global Compact/UN‑Women initiative “Women’s Empowerment Principles: Equality Means Business”,", "Taking note with appreciation of the progress achieved in the work of the United Nations on partnerships, notably in the framework of various United Nations organizations, agencies, funds, programmes, task forces, commissions and initiatives, and taking note of the establishment of partnerships at the field level, entered into by various United Nations agencies, non-public partners and Member States,", "Noting with appreciation the advancement of the concept of corporate social responsibility through the United Nations Global Compact,", "Recognizing the vital role that the United Nations Global Compact Office continues to play with regard to strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to partner strategically with the private sector in accordance with its General Assembly mandate to advance United Nations values and responsible business practices within the United Nations system and among the global business community,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General,[5] the report of the Joint Inspection Unit[6] and the comments of the Secretary-General thereon;[7]", "2. Stresses that partnerships are voluntary and collaborative relationships between various parties, both public and non-public, in which all participants agree to work together to achieve a common purpose or undertake a specific task and, as mutually agreed, to share risks and responsibilities, resources and benefits;", "3. Also stresses the importance of the contribution of voluntary partnerships to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, while reiterating that they are a complement to, but not intended to substitute for, the commitment made by Governments with a view to achieving those goals;", "4. Further stresses that partnerships should be consistent with national laws and national development strategies and plans, as well as the priorities of countries where they are implemented, bearing in mind the relevant guidance provided by Governments;", "5. Emphasizes the vital role played by Governments in promoting responsible business practices, including providing the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks, where appropriate, and invites them to continue to provide support to United Nations efforts to engage with the private sector, as appropriate and bearing in mind the activities undertaken by the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks;", "6. Recognizes the vital role that the private sector plays in development, including through engaging in various partnership models and by generating decent employment and investment, giving access to and developing new technologies, as well as stimulating sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, while bearing in mind the need to ensure that their activities conform fully with the principle of national ownership of development strategies;", "7. Also recognizes the need for effective accountability and transparency in the implementation of such public-private partnerships by the United Nations;", "8. Calls upon the international community to continue to promote multi-stakeholder approaches in addressing the challenges of development in the context of globalization;", "9. Encourages the United Nations system to continue to develop, for those partnerships in which it participates, a common and systemic approach, which places greater emphasis on impact, transparency, coherence, accountability and sustainability, without imposing undue rigidity in partnership agreements, and with due consideration being given to the following partnership principles: common purpose, transparency, bestowing no unfair advantages upon any partner of the United Nations, mutual benefit and mutual respect, accountability, respect for the modalities of the United Nations, striving for balanced representation of relevant partners from developed and developing countries and countries with economies in transition, sectoral and geographic balance, and not compromising the independence and neutrality of the United Nations;", "10. Also encourages the United Nations system to continue to find innovative and additional ways to achieve lasting impact by identifying and replicating successful partnership models and pursuing new forms of collaboration;", "11. Requests the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks to promote the Women’s Empowerment Principles and to create awareness of the many ways in which business can promote gender equality in the workplace, marketplace and community;", "12. Underlines, in this context, the importance of integrity measures as taken and advocated by the United Nations Global Compact;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to promote effective implementation of the revised United Nations guidelines for partnerships between the United Nations and the private sector, including through the effective implementation of the revised Guidelines on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Business Sector, thus promoting a culture of transparency and performance, and invites the Secretary-General to create an internal advisory group in the Secretariat, which will use innovative and cost-effective working methods to ensure coherent brand management across the United Nations and to make recommendations on partnership best practices and lessons learned;", "14. Invites the United Nations system, when considering partnerships, to seek to engage in a more coherent manner with private sector entities, including small and medium-sized enterprises, that support the core values of the United Nations as reflected in the Charter and other relevant conventions and treaties and that commit to the principles of the United Nations Global Compact by translating them into operational corporate policies, codes of conduct and management, monitoring and reporting systems;", "15. Encourages the international community to strengthen global partnerships for the integration and implementation of the International Labour Organization Global Jobs Pact in partnerships, in accordance with national plans and priorities;", "16. Takes note with appreciation of the convening of an annual United Nations Private Sector Forum since 2008;", "17. Also takes note with appreciation of the introduction of the private sector track at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011;", "18. Recognizes the work of the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks, as well as the importance of cooperation between the United Nations system at the local level and the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks, to support, as appropriate and in a manner complementary to existing networks, the coordination and application of global partnerships locally;", "19. Acknowledges the holding of annual meetings of United Nations system private sector focal points, which bring together United Nations entities to share best practices and lessons learned in order to improve partnerships and create conditions for effective scaling up;", "20. Notes the progress made in further facilitating the collaboration between the United Nations and the private sector and enhancing transparency by the launching of the United Nations business website,[8] which links private sector resources with the needs of the United Nations system;", "21. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on specific progress on integrity measures, on the implementation of the revised United Nations guidelines for partnerships between the United Nations and the private sector and on the strengthening of the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  See resolution 60/1.", "[4]  See resolution 65/1.", "[5]  A/66/320.", "[6]  See A/66/137 and Corr.1.", "[7]  A/66/137/Add.1.", "[8]  See business.un.org." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/447)]", "66/223. Towards global partnerships", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 55/215 of 21 December 2000, 56/76 of 11 December 2001, 58/129 of 19 December 2003, 60/215 of 22 December 2005, 62/211 of 19 December 2007 and 64/223 of 21 December 2009,", "Reaffirming that sustainable development is a key element of the overarching framework for United Nations activities, in particular for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and those contained in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development ( \" Johannesburg Plan of Implementation \" ),", "Recalling the goals set forth in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, in particular the Millennium Development Goals, and their reaffirmation in the 2005 World Summit Outcome and the outcome document of the 2010 High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, in particular to develop partnerships that will enable them to contribute to the achievement of the goals and programmes of the United Nations, in particular in the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty, inter alia, by providing greater opportunities to the private sector, non-governmental organizations and civil society in general,", "Stressing that cooperation between the United Nations and all relevant partners, including the private sector, should serve the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and should be carried out in a manner that preserves and promotes the integrity, impartiality and independence of the United Nations,", "Taking note of the further increase in the number of public-private partnerships worldwide,", "Welcoming the contribution of all relevant partners, including the private sector, non-governmental organizations and civil society, to the implementation of the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social, environmental and other related fields and their deliberations, as well as the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Emphasizing that the United Nations, together with the private sector and all other relevant partners, can contribute in a variety of ways to overcoming the obstacles faced by developing countries in mobilizing the resources needed for sustainable development and to achieving the internationally agreed development goals,", "Welcoming the efforts made by all relevant partners, including the private sector, and encouraging them to make further efforts to engage as reliable and consistent partners in the development process and to take into account not only the economic and financial but also the development, social, human rights, gender and environmental implications of their operations, as well as the universalization of corporate social and environmental responsibility, that is, to reflect such values and responsibilities in profit-driven behaviour and policies, in accordance with national laws and regulations,", "Recalling that the 2005 World Summit welcomed the positive contributions of the private sector and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, funds and academia, in the promotion and implementation of development and human rights programmes, and recalling also that the 2005 World Summit resolved to strengthen the contribution of non-governmental organizations, civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders in national development efforts and the promotion of a global partnership for development, and encouraged public-private partnerships in a wide range of areas, with a view to eradicating poverty and promoting full employment and social integration,", "Noting the important role that private sector partnerships can play in supporting humanitarian assistance activities of the United Nations system, taking into account the primary role of affected States in initiating, organizing, coordinating and implementing such assistance within their territories,", "Recognizing that the private sector contributes to the provision of resources and expertise for the policy environment, technology programmes, advocacy and communication, knowledge management and resource mobilization in many areas, in accordance with national legislation, development plans and priorities,", "Noting that the financial and economic crisis has shown, inter alia, that business requires values and principles, including sustainable business practices and the promotion of full and productive employment and decent work for all, which in turn has enabled the private sector to engage more broadly in support of United Nations goals,", "Reaffirming the principles of sustainable development, and underlining the need for a global consensus on key values and principles that are conducive to sustainable, equitable, just and sustainable economic development, of which corporate social and environmental responsibility are important elements,", "Recognizing the importance of promoting a gender perspective in global partnerships, welcoming in this regard the establishment of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), and noting with appreciation the joint initiative of the United Nations Global Compact and UN-Women on the “Principles of Women's Empowerment: Gender Equality and Business Interests for Wins and Wins on Women's Empowerment”,", "Taking note with appreciation of the progress made in the United Nations partnership-building efforts, in particular within the framework of United Nations organizations, agencies, funds, programmes, task forces, commissions and initiatives, and taking note of the partnerships at the field level between United Nations agencies, non-public partners and Member States,", "Noting with appreciation the promotion of the concept of corporate social responsibility through the United Nations Global Compact,", "Recognizing that the United Nations Global Compact Office continues to play an important role in enhancing the capacity of the United Nations to forge strategic partnerships with the private sector, in accordance with the General Assembly mandate to promote United Nations values and responsible business practices within the United Nations system and the global business community,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General,[5] the report of the Joint Inspection Unit[6] and the comments of the Secretary-General thereon;[7]", "2. Stresses that partnerships are voluntary and collaborative relationships between various parties, both public and non-public, in which all participants agree to work together to achieve a common goal or undertake a specific task and to share risks and responsibilities, resources and benefits as mutually agreed;", "3. Also stresses the importance of the contribution of voluntary partnerships to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, while reaffirming that they complement and are not a substitute for the commitments made by Governments to achieve those goals;", "4. Also stresses that partnerships should be consistent with national laws, national development strategies and plans and the priorities of countries where they are implemented, taking into account relevant guidance from Governments;", "5. Emphasizes the vital role of Governments in promoting responsible business practices, including, where appropriate, the provision of the necessary legal and regulatory framework, and invites Governments to continue to support United Nations efforts to engage the private sector as appropriate, bearing in mind the activities of the local networks of the United Nations Global Compact;", "6. Recognizes the crucial role of the private sector in development, including through the use of partnership models and through the creation of decent employment and investment, access to and development of new technologies, and the promotion of sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, bearing in mind the need to ensure that its activities are fully in line with the principle of national ownership of development strategies;", "7. Also recognizes the need for effective accountability and transparency in the implementation of such public-private partnerships by the United Nations;", "8. Urges the international community to continue to promote multi-stakeholder approaches to development challenges in the context of globalization;", "9. Encourages the United Nations system to continue to develop a systematic and common approach to the partnerships in which it participates, with a greater focus on impact, transparency, coherence, accountability and sustainability, without overly rigid provisions in partnership agreements and with due regard to the principles of partnership, namely, common purpose, transparency, the absence of any unfair advantage to any partner of the United Nations, mutual benefit and respect, accountability, respect for the working methods of the United Nations, efforts to achieve balanced representation of relevant partners from developed countries, developing countries and countries with economies in transition, sectoral and geographical balance, and without compromising the independence and neutrality of the United Nations;", "10. Also encourages the United Nations system to continue to seek innovative ways to achieve lasting results by identifying and replicating successful partnership models and adopting new forms of cooperation;", "11. Requests the United Nations Global Compact Local Networks to promote the principles of women ' s empowerment and to raise awareness of the many ways in which business can promote gender equality in the workplace, markets and communities;", "12. Stresses, in this regard, the importance of integrity measures undertaken and advocated by the United Nations Global Compact;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to promote the effective implementation of the revised United Nations guidelines on partnerships with the private sector, including through the effective implementation of the revised guidelines on cooperation between the United Nations and the business sector, thereby promoting a culture of transparency and performance, and invites the Secretary-General to establish an internal advisory group within the Secretariat, using innovative and cost-effective working methods, to ensure consistent brand management throughout the Organization and to make recommendations on best practices and lessons learned from partnerships;", "14. Invites the United Nations system, when considering partnerships, to seek to engage in a more coherent manner with private sector entities, including small and medium-sized enterprises, that support the core values of the United Nations as set out in the Charter of the United Nations and other relevant conventions and treaties, commit themselves to the principles of the United Nations Global Compact and translate them into business policies, codes of conduct and management, monitoring and reporting systems;", "15. Encourages the international community to strengthen the global partnership for the adoption and implementation of the International Labour Organization Global Jobs Pact in line with national plans and priorities;", "16. Takes note with appreciation of the annual private sector forum held since 2008;", "17. Also takes note with appreciation of the private sector track presented at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011;", "18. Recognizes the work of the local networks of the United Nations Global Compact and the importance of the United Nations system working at the local level with the local networks of the United Nations Global Compact to support the coordination and implementation of global partnerships at the local level, as appropriate and in a manner complementary to existing networks;", "19. Recognizes the holding of annual meetings of private sector focal points of the United Nations system to bring together United Nations entities to share best practices and lessons learned with a view to improving partnerships and creating conditions for effective scaling-up;", "20. Notes the progress made in further promoting cooperation between the United Nations and the private sector and enhancing transparency through the launch of the United Nations business website linking private sector resources to the needs of the United Nations system;[8]", "21. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on concrete progress made with regard to integrity measures, the implementation of the revised United Nations guidelines on United Nations private sector partnerships and the strengthening of the United Nations Global Compact Local Network.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] See resolution 60/1.", "[4] See resolution 65/1.", "[5] A/66/320.", "[6] See A/66/137 and Corr.1.", "[7] A/66/137/Add.1.", "See Business.un.org." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/448)通过]", "66/224.增强人民权能和发展", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》所载宗旨和原则，", "表示关注遍及全球的贫穷、不平等和悬殊差距造成的严重危害，认识到人民应当是各级所有计划、方案和政策的重点，", "确认增强人民权能对于实现发展必不可少，", "赞赏孟加拉国总理谢赫·哈西娜在阐述增强人民权能与发展的联系方面所做的努力，", "1. 注意到孟加拉国总理的提案，其中述及融合增强人民权能与发展之间的各项互连互补要素，即消除贫穷和饥饿、减少不平等现象、减缓匮乏、为所有人创造就业机会、容纳受排斥者、加快人类发展以及依照国际法打击一切形式和表现的恐怖主义；", "2. 又注意到孟加拉国政府提出在2012年上半年召开一次增强人民权能和发展问题国际会议，以征求会员国对此问题的意见。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/448)]", "66/224. People’s empowerment and development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Expressing concern about the crippling effects of poverty, inequality and disparity all over the globe, and recognizing that people should be the focus of all plans, programmes and policies, at all levels,", "Recognizing that the empowerment of people is essential to achieving development,", "Appreciating the efforts of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, in articulating the linkages between people’s empowerment and development,", "1. Notes the proposal of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh on integrating the interlinked and mutually reinforcing elements of people’s empowerment and development, expressed as eradicating poverty and hunger, reducing inequality, mitigating deprivation, creating jobs for all, including excluded people, accelerating human development and fighting terrorism in all its forms and manifestations in accordance with international law;", "2. Also notes the offer of the Government of Bangladesh to convene an international conference on people’s empowerment and development during the first half of 2012 to seek the views of Member States on the subject.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/448)]", "66/224. People ' s empowerment and development", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Expressing its concern at the magnitude of the harm caused by poverty, inequality and disparities across the globe, and recognizing that people should be the focus of all plans, programmes and policies at all levels,", "Recognizing that the empowerment of people is essential for development,", "Appreciating the efforts of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, in articulating the link between people ' s empowerment and development,", "1. Takes note of the proposal of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh to integrate the mutually reinforcing elements of people ' s empowerment and development, namely, the eradication of poverty and hunger, the reduction of inequalities, the alleviation of deprivation, the creation of employment opportunities for all, the inclusion of the excluded, the acceleration of human development and the fight against terrorism in all its forms and manifestations in accordance with international law;", "2. Also takes note of the offer of the Government of Bangladesh to convene an international conference on people ' s empowerment and development in the first half of 2012 to seek the views of Member States on this issue.", "22 December 2011", "91st PLENARY MEETING" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "全权证书委员会的报告", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议《议事规则》(CCW/CONF.III/3)第4条规定：", "“1. 会议应根据会议主席的提议，选举五名成员组成全权证书委员会。", "2. 全权证书委员会应审查代表的全权证书并向会议报告。”", "2. 第三次审查会议2006年11月7日的第一次全体会议根据主席的建议任命以下国家为全权证书委员会成员国：澳大利亚、克罗地亚、墨西哥、斯洛伐克和南非。", "3. 委员会在2006年11月10日和[17]日举行了[两]次会议，分别审议到这两天为止收到的全权证书。克罗地亚的Gordan Markotić大使担任委员会主席。Enrique Ochoa先生(墨西哥)担任委员会副主席。政治事务干事Bantan Nugroho先生担任委员会秘书。", "4. 委员会于2006年11月10日举行了第一次会议，并备有会议秘书长彼得·科拉罗夫先生2009年11月10日的备忘录，其中载有关于与会缔约国代表的全权证书状况。", "5. 在这次会议上，委员会注意到会议秘书长报告的情况，决定接受以规定格式提交正式全权证书的缔约国的全权证书，以及按《议事规则》第3条的谅解―― 提交了临时全权证书的缔约国应尽快提交全权证书原本―― 提交了临时全权证书的缔约国的全权证书。委员会同意请尚未这样做的缔约国根据《任择议定书》第3条向会议秘书长提交它们的代表的全权证书。", "6. 委员会2006年11月[17]日举行了第二次会议，并备有会议秘书长2006年11月[17]日的谅解备忘录，其中载有关于与会缔约国代表的全权证书状况的更新资料。", "7. 在这次会议上，委员会审议了秘书长备忘录中的资料以及缔约国和非《公约》缔约国提交的文件，说明如下：", "一、法律框架", "《议事规则》第3条规定：", "“各位代表的全权证书和副代表及顾问的姓名，应尽可能至迟于会议开幕后24小时送交会议秘书长。此后，代表团组成的任何变化也应告知会议秘书长。全权证书应由国家元首或政府首脑或外交部长颁发。”", "二、缔约国", "截至2006年11月[17]日上午[10]时：", "(a) 下列缔约国按《议事规则》第3条规定的格式向会议秘书长提交了代表的正式全权证书：", "[阿尔巴尼亚、阿根廷、澳大利亚、奥地利、白俄罗斯、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、智利、中国、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、希腊、危地马拉、教廷、印度、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、约旦、拉脱维亚、列支敦士登、立陶宛、马耳他、墨西哥、蒙古、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、巴基斯坦、波兰、葡萄牙、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、南非、西班牙、斯里兰卡、瑞典、瑞士、土耳其、乌克兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国。]", "(b) 下列缔约国代表的临时全权证书已提交给会议秘书长：", "[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、丹麦、德国、匈牙利、以色列、摩尔多瓦、摩洛哥、秘鲁、菲律宾和前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国。]", "(c) 下列缔约国通过普通照会或来信向会议秘书长提交了代表的委任状：", "[孟加拉国、贝宁、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、厄瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、老挝人民民主共和国、莱索托、卢森堡、摩纳哥、罗马尼亚、塞内加尔、突尼斯和委内瑞拉。]", "三、非缔约国", "截至2009年11月[17]日上午[10]时，下列应邀以观察员身份与会的非《公约》缔约国提交了各自代表委派书：", "(a) 已批准或加入《公约》但尚未生效的缔约国：[……]", "(b) 签署国：[阿富汗和埃及]", "(c) 非签署国：[阿塞拜疆；喀麦隆、科特迪瓦、刚果民主共和国、几内亚、科威特、黎巴嫩、阿拉伯利比亚民众国、马达加斯加、马来西亚、缅甸、尼泊尔、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、阿拉伯联合酋长国、也门和津巴布韦。]", "8. 委员会根据主席的提议，同意接受以上第7(二)(a)、(b)和(c)段中提到的所有与会缔约国的全权证书，但有一项谅解是，第7(二)(b)和(c)段中提到的缔约国的代表全权证书原件应按议事规则第3条的规定尽快提交。", "9. 鉴于上述，在2006年11月[17]日的第二次会议上，委员会决定建议会议通过在与福建的决议草案。", "10. 在这次会议上，委员会协商一致通过了以CCW/CONF.III/...…号文件分发的报告草稿(CCW/CONF.III/CC/CRP.1)。", "附 件", "全权证书委员会的建议", "全权证书委员会建议审查会议通过下列决议草案：", "“《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力 或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国 第三次审查会议全权证书委员会的报告", "《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议，", "审议了全权证书委员会的报告及其中所载的建议，", "核可全权证书委员会的报告。”" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/CC/CRP.115 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "DRAFT REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE", "1. Rule 4 of the Rules of Procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW/CONF.III/3) provides that:", "“1. There shall be a Credentials Committee of five members elected by the Conference on the proposal of the President.", "2. The Credentials Committee shall examine the credentials of representatives and report to the Conference.”", "2. The Third Review Conference, at its first plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, on the proposal of the President, appointed the following countries as members of the Credentials Committee: Australia, Croatia, Mexico, Slovakia and South Africa.", "3. The Committee held [two] meetings on 10 and [17] November 2006 to examine the credentials received as of those dates. Ambassador Gordan Markotić of Croatia chaired the Committee. Mr. Enrique Ochoa (Mexico) served as Vice-Chairperson of the Committee. Mr Bantan Nugroho, Political Affairs Officer, served as Secretary of the Committee.", "4. The Committee held its first meeting on 10 November 2006 and had before it the memorandum from Mr. Peter Kolarov, the Secretary-General of the Conference, dated 10 November 2006, containing information on the status of the credentials of the representatives of the States Parties attending the Conference.", "5. At the same meeting, the Committee took note of the information reported by the Secretary-General of the Conference and decided to accept the credentials of the States Parties which had submitted formal credentials in due form, as well as of the States Parties which had presented provisional credentials on the understanding that the originals of the credentials of the latter would be submitted as soon as possible, in accordance with Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure. The Committee agreed to invite those States Parties, that had not yet done so, to submit to the Secretary-General of the Conference the credentials of their representatives in accordance with Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure.", "6. The Committee held its second meeting on [17] November 2006 and had before it the memorandum from the Secretary-General of the Conference, dated [17] November 2006, containing updated information on the status of the credentials of the representatives of the States Parties attending the Conference", "7. At the same meeting, the Committee examined the information contained in the Secretary-General's memoranda, as well as the documentation received from States Parties and States not parties to the Convention, and noted as follows:", "I. Legal framework", "Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure provides that:", "“The credentials of representatives and the names of alternate representatives and advisers shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the Conference, if possible not later than 24 hours after the opening of the Conference. Any later change in the composition of delegations shall also be submitted to the Secretary-General of the Conference. The credentials shall be issued by the Head of State or Government, or by the Minister for Foreign Affairs.”", "II. States Parties", "As of [10] a.m. on [17] November 2006:", "(a) Formal credentials in due form, as provided for by Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure, had been communicated to the Secretary-General of the Conference for representatives from the following States Parties:", "[Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America.]", "(b) Provisional credentials for the representatives of the following States Parties had been communicated to the Secretary-General of the Conference:", "[Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.]", "(c) The designation of the representatives of the following States Parties had been communicated to the Secretary-General of the Conference by notes verbale or official letters:", "[Bangladesh, Benin, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Lao PDR, Lesotho, Luxemburg, Monaco, Romania, Senegal, Tunisia, Venezuela]", "III. States not Parties", "As of [10] a.m. on [17] November 2006, the following States not parties to the Convention, which had been among those invited as observers, had accredited their representatives:", "(a) States which have ratified or otherwise acceded to the Convention, but for which it is not yet in force: [...]", "(b) Signatories: [Afghanistan and Egypt]", "(c) Non-signatories: [Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, DR Congo, Guinea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Zimbabwe.]", "8. On the proposal of the Chairman, the Committee agreed to accept the credentials of all those States Parties referred to in paragraph 7 II (a), (b) and (c), above, on the understanding that the originals of the credentials of the representatives of those States Parties referred to in paragraph 7 I (b) and (c) would be submitted as soon as possible, in accordance with Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure.", "9. In view of the foregoing, at its second meeting on [17] November 2006, the Committee decided to recommend for adoption by the Conference the draft resolution, as contained in the Annex.", "10. At the same meeting, the Committee adopted by consensus its draft report (CCW/CONF.III/CC/CRP.1), which is being issued as document CCW/CONF.III/...", "Annex", "RECOMMENDATION OF THE CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE", "The Credentials Committee recommends to the Conference the adoption of the following draft resolution:", "“REPORT OF THE CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE TO THE THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "The Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects,", "Having considered the report of the Credentials Committee and the recommendation contained therein,", "Approves the report of the Credentials Committee.”" ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Report of the Credentials Committee", "Article 4 of the Rules of Procedure for the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW/CONF.III/3) states:", "“1. The Conference shall elect a Credentials Committee of five members on the proposal of the President of the Conference.", "The Credentials Committee shall examine the credentials of representatives and report to the Conference.”", "At its 1st plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, the Third Review Conference appointed the following States as members of the Credentials Committee, as recommended by the Chairman: Australia, Croatia, Mexico, Slovakia and South Africa.", "The Committee held [two] meetings on 10 and [17] November 2006 to consider the credentials received for the two days, respectively. Ambassador Gordan Markotić of Croatia served as Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Enrique Ochoa (Mexico) served as Vice-Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Bantan Nugroho, Political Affairs Officer, served as Secretary of the Committee.", "The Committee held its first meeting on 10 November 2006 and had before it a memorandum dated 10 November 2009 from Mr. Peter Koularov, Secretary-General of the Conference, containing the status of the credentials of representatives to the States parties participating in the Conference.", "At that meeting, the Committee took note of the report of the Secretary-General of the Conference, decided to accept the credentials of the States parties that had submitted their formal credentials in a prescribed format and the understanding contained in rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure - and the credentials of the States parties that had submitted provisional credentials should be submitted as soon as possible. The Committee agreed to invite States parties that had not done so to submit their credentials to the Secretary-General of the Conference in accordance with article 3 of the Optional Protocol.", "The Committee held its second meeting on [17] November 2006 and had before it a memorandum of understanding of the Secretary-General of the Conference, dated [17] November 2006, containing updated information on the status of the credentials of representatives of States parties participating in the Conference.", "At that meeting, the Committee considered the information contained in the memorandum of the Secretary-General and the documents submitted by States parties and States not parties to the Convention, as follows:", "Legal framework", "Article 3 of the Rules of Procedure provides that:", "“The credentials of representatives and the names of alternate representatives and advisers shall be communicated to the Secretary-General of the Conference as soon as possible, 24 hours after the opening of the meeting. Since then, any changes in the composition of the delegation should also be communicated to the Secretary-General of the Conference. Credentials shall be issued by the Head of State or Government or by the Minister for Foreign Affairs.”", "States parties", "[10].", "(a) The following States parties submitted their official credentials to the Secretary-General of the Conference in the form provided for in rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure:", "[Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America. ]", "(b) The provisional credentials of representatives of the following States parties have been submitted to the Secretary-General of the Conference:", "[Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Morocco, Peru, the Philippines and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. ]", "(c) The following States Parties submitted the appointment of representatives to the Secretary-General of the Conference through notes verbales or letters:", "[Bangladesh, Benin, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Monaco, Romania, Senegal, Tunisia and Venezuela. ]", "States not parties", "As at [17] a.m. [10] November 2009, the following States not parties to the Convention invited to participate in the capacity of observers submitted their respective representations to the Committee:", "(a) States parties that have ratified or acceded to the Convention but have not yet entered into force: [...]", "(b) Signatories: [Afghanistan and Egypt]", "(c) Non-signatory States: [Azerbaijan; Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Zimbabwe. ]", "On the proposal of the Chairman, the Committee agreed to accept the credentials of all States parties referred to in paragraphs 7 (ii) (a), (b) and (c) above, on the understanding that the credentials of representatives of States parties referred to in paragraphs 7 (ii) (b) and (c) should be submitted as soon as possible, in accordance with rule 3 of the rules of procedure.", "In the light of the above, at its second meeting, held on [17] November 2006, the Committee decided to recommend to the Conference the adoption of a draft resolution with respect to capital.", "At that meeting, the Committee adopted by consensus a draft report (CCW/CONF.III/CC/CRP.1).", "Annex", "Recommendation of the Credentials Committee", "The Credentials Committee recommends to the Review Conference the adoption of the following draft resolution:", "Report of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "The Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects,", "Having considered the report of the Credentials Committee and the recommendations contained therein,", "Approves the report of the Credentials Committee.”" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于集束弹药任务授权决定的提案", "芬兰代表欧洲联盟提出", "缔约国(……)", "决定设立一个不限成员名额政府专家小组：", "处理集束弹药的人道主义影响问题，目的是为《特定常规武器公约》的进一步行动提出建议。", "(……)" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1415 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION ON A MANDATE ON", "CLUSTER MUNITIONS", "Presented by Finland on behalf of the European Union", "States Parties (...)", "DECIDE to establish an open-ended Group of Governmental Experts:", "To address the humanitarian impact of cluster munitions, with the purpose of elaborating recommendations for further action in the CCW.", "(...)" ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Proposal for a decision on a cluster munitions mandate", "Submitted by Finland on behalf of the European Union", "States parties (....)", "Decides to establish an open-ended panel of governmental experts.", "The humanitarian impact of cluster munitions is addressed with the aim of making recommendations for further action by the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.", "(.)" ]

[ "2006年11月6日，日内瓦", "议程项目14", "审议并通过最后文件", "第八届年度会议报告", "目 录", "段 次", "导 言........................ 1 - 2", "第八届年度会议的组织 3 - 10", "第八届年度会议的工作 11 - 17", "结论和建议…………. 18 - 22", "附 件", "一、第八届年度会议议程", "二、《特定常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国在第八届年度会议上发出的呼吁", "三、第九届年度会议临时议程", "四、《特定常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国第九届年度会议费用估计", "五、已通知保存人同意受《特定常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书约束的国家名单", "六、根据议定书第13条第4款和第11条第2款提交的国家年度报告一览表", "七、文件清单", "导 言", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国审查会议1996年5月3日通过的经修正后的《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》(经修正后的第二号议定书)第13条规定，为了在与议定书有关的一切问题上进行协商与合作，应每年召开一次议定书缔约国会议。", "2. 2005年11月23日举行的第七届年度会议商定向第八届年度会议提出临时议程建议，该临时议程载于第七届年度会议最后文件(CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2)附件三。会议还审议了第八届年度会议费用估计，并建议于2006年举行第八届年度会议时予以通过(CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2, 附件四)。2005年11月24日和25日举行的《公约》缔约国会议决定(见会议报告(CCW/MSP/2005/2), 第37段)，经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国第八届年度会议于2006年11月6日在日内瓦举行。", "第八届年度会议的组织", "3. 第八届年度会议于2006年11月6日由裁军谈判会议副秘书长兼裁军事务部日内瓦办事处主任蒂姆·考勒先生主持开幕。", "4. 这届会议共举行了两次全体会议。在2006年11月6日举行的第1次全体会议上，会议确认了由捷克共和国的托马什·胡萨克大使担任第八届年度会议主席的提名。会议还确认了由中国的成竞业大使、德国的伯恩哈德·布拉萨克大使和约旦的穆萨·布赖扎特大使担任副主席的提名。", "5. 在第1次全体会议上，会议还任命裁军事务部日内瓦办事处政治事务干事彼得·科拉罗夫先生担任会议秘书长。裁军事务部日内瓦办事处政治事务干事班坦·努格罗霍先生担任第八届年度会议秘书。", "6. 已将其同意受经修正后的第二号议定书约束一事通知保存人的下列国家参加了会议的工作：阿尔巴尼亚、阿根廷、澳大利亚、奥地利、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、智利、中国、哥斯达黎加、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、厄瓜多尔、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、危地马拉、教廷、匈牙利、印度、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、日本、约旦、拉脱维亚、列支敦士登、立陶宛、马耳他、摩尔多瓦、摩洛哥、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、巴基斯坦、秘鲁、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、南非、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、突尼斯、土耳其、乌克兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、美利坚合众国和委内瑞拉。", "7. 《公约》的下列签署国也参加了会议的工作：埃及。", "8. 下列未加入经修正后的第二号议定书的国家以观察员身份参加了会议：阿富汗、阿塞拜疆、贝宁、刚果民主共和国、马达加斯加、马来西亚、蒙古、缅甸、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、阿拉伯联合酋长国和也门。", "9. 联合国裁军事务部(裁军部)、联合国裁军研究所(裁研所)和联合国排雷行动处的代表也参加了会议的工作。", "10. 日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心(排雷中心)、红十字国际委员会以及美国律师协会、集束弹药联盟、人权观察社、国际禁止地雷运动(禁雷运动)、挪威人民援助和国际基督和平会的代表出席了年度会议的公开会议。", "第七届年度会议的工作", "11. 在第1次全体会议上，会议通过了附件一所载的议程。会议还指出，1999年举行第一届年度会议通过、2002年12月11日修订、并载于CCW/AP.II/ CONF.6/2号文件的经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国年度会议议事规则以及在通过议事规则时主席所作的声明也比照适用于第八届年度会议。", "12. 在同次会议上，会议还决定以全会方式开展工作。", "13. 在同次会议上，会议通过了CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2号文件附件四所载的会议费用分摊安排。", "14. 在同次会议上，会议收到并由裁军谈判会议副秘书长兼裁军事务部日内瓦办事处主任蒂姆·考勒先生宣读了联合国秘书长的贺词。", "15. 下列代表团参加了一般性意见交换及审查议定书的实施情况和现况：澳大利亚、白俄罗斯、巴西、加拿大、中国、芬兰(代表欧洲联盟、保加利亚和罗马尼亚、土耳其、克罗地亚和前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、黑山、塞尔维亚、以及乌克兰和摩尔多瓦)、印度、日本、拉脱维亚、巴基斯坦、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、瑞士、乌克兰和美利坚合众国。人权观察社的代表也发了言。一般性意见交换过程中发表的意见反映在会议的简要记录中，这些记录将在晚些时候印发。", "16. 会议审议了技术附件第2条(c)款和第3条(c)款所允许的推迟遵守《经修正后的第二号议定书》技术附件第2条(b)款和第3条(a)和/或(b)款的问题。会议注意到，由于《经修正后的第二号议定书》于1998年12月3日生效，允许的推迟期将在2007年12月3日到期。", "17. 根据议定书第13条第4款，会议收到了下列国家的国家年度报告：澳大利亚、奥地利、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、中国、克罗地亚、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、危地马拉、教廷、匈牙利、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、日本、约旦、拉脱维亚、列支敦士登、立陶宛、马耳他、摩尔多瓦、摩纳哥、摩洛哥、挪威、巴基斯坦、波兰、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞士、土耳其和美利坚合众国。报告载有下列方面的资料：", "(a) 向武装部队和平民传播有关议定书的资料；", "(b) 清除地雷和善后重建方案；", "(c) 为满足议定书的技术要求而采取的步骤和任何其他有关资料；", "(d) 与议定书有关的立法；", "(e) 就国际技术资料交换、就清除地雷方面的国际合作以及就技术合作与援助采取的措施；", "(f) 其他有关事项；以及", "(g) 提供给联合国系统内建立的排雷数据库的资料。", "结论和建议", "18. 在第2次全体会议上，会议决定发出一项呼吁，敦促所有尚未加入经修正后的第二号议定书的国家采取一切措施尽快加入议定书。该呼吁载于附件二。", "19. 会议建议作为经修正后的第二号议定书保存人的联合国秘书长和代表各缔约国的年度会议主席履行他们的职责，以实现各国普遍加入经修正后的第二号议定书这一目标。为此，会议请主席考虑向联合国大会第六十二届会议报告他所作的努力。会议还吁请各缔约国在各自的地区推动各国更广泛地加入经修正后的第二号议定书。", "20. 鉴于2002年第四届年度会议决定在当届会议结束时指定下届会议的主席和副主席，以确保主席筹备工作的连续性，因此会议决定提名日本代表为将于2007年举行的缔约国第九届年度会议的候任主席，中国、斯洛伐克和瑞士代表为候任副主席。", "21. 会议讨论了2007年召开第九届年度会议的问题，并决定该届会议的日期和会期长短问题将由2006年11月7日至17日举行的《特定常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议处理。会议决定，不需要为第九届年度会议召开筹备会议。会议商定向第九届年度会议提出临时议程建议，该临时议程载于附件三。会议还审议了第九届年度会议费用估计(见附件四)，并建议于2007年举行第九届年度会议时予以通过。", "22. 在第2次全体会议上，第八届年度会议通过了经口头订正的CCW/AP.II/ CONF.8/CRP.1号文件所载的会议报告，通过的报告现作为CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2号文件印发。", "附 件 一", "第八届年度会议议程", "(2006年11月6日第1次全体会议通过)", "1. 会议开幕。", "2. 确认主席及主席团其他成员的提名。", "3. 通过议程。", "4. 确认议事规则。", "5. 任命会议秘书长。", "6. 通过会议费用的分摊安排。", "7. 工作安排，包括会议任何附属机构的工作安排。", "8. 一般性交换意见。", "9. 审查议定书的实施情况和现况。", "10. 审议各缔约方根据经修正后的第二号议定书第13条第4款提出的报告所引起的事项。", "11. 审议各种保护平民不受地雷滥杀滥伤影响的技术的发展情况。", "12. 任何附属机构的报告。", "13. 其他事项。", "14. 审议并通过最后文件。", "附 件 二", "《特定常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书 缔约国在第八届年度会议上发出的呼吁", "我们，已通知保存人同意受《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书约束的国家，于2006年11月6日在日内瓦举行第八届年度会议：", "铭记经修正后的第二号议定书对减轻某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的武器所造成的苦难的国际努力的重要贡献；", "注意到经修正后的第二号议定书是适用于所有各种地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的唯一的国际法律文书；", "按照第13条第3款(a)项审查了经修正后的第二号议定书的实施情况和现况；", "审议了通知保存人同意受经修正后的第二号议定书约束的国家提交的国家年度报告；", "欢迎自1999年12月举行第一届年度会议以来又有41个国家通知保存人它们同意受经修正后的第二号议定书约束，从而使加入议定书的国家总数增加到86个；", "强调尽可能广泛加入经修正后的第二号议定书的重要性；", "敦促所有尚未加入议定书的国家采取一切措施尽快加入议定书。", "附 件 三", "第九届年度会议临时议程", "1. 会议开幕。", "2. 确认主席及主席团其他成员的提名。", "3. 通过议程。", "4. 确认议事规则。", "5. 任命会议秘书长。", "6. 通过会议费用的分摊安排。", "7. 工作安排，包括会议任何附属机构的工作安排。", "8. 一般性交换意见。", "9. 审查议定书的实施情况和现况。", "10. 审议各缔约方根据经修正后的第二号议定书第13条第4款提出的报告所引起的事项。", "11. 审议各种保护平民不受地雷滥杀滥伤影响的技术的发展情况。", "12. 任何附属机构的报告。", "13. 其他事项。", "14. 审议并通过最后文件。", "附 件 四", "《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或 滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》经修正后的 第二号议定书缔约国第九届 年度会议费用估计", "(2006年11月6日第二次全体会议审议)", "1. 2006年11月6日在日内瓦举行的《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国第八届年度会议决定，于2007年举行缔约国第九届年度会议，为期一天。", "2. 本文件是根据缔约国的上述决定提交的，文件中开列了召开上述会议的估计费用，数额为255,200美元。费用估计的细目见附表。", "3. 应指出，费用估计是根据以往的经验和预期工作量算出的。实际开支须待会议闭幕和有关工作结束并将所有有关费用记入帐户之后才能确定。届时将对分摊费用的各与会国的摊款额作相应的调整。", "4. 关于财务安排，须说明的是，依照以往多边裁军会议及有关会议的惯例，并如此种会议的议事规则中所反映的那样，会议费用是由参加会议的缔约国按照联合国会费分摊比额表分摊的，同时根据参加会议的缔约国数目按比例作出调整。接受邀请参加会议的非缔约国按联合国会费分摊比额表中各自的分摊比率分摊会议费用。", "5. 待缔约国核准费用估计和摊款办法之后，将根据估计费用总额和适用的摊款办法拟订摊款通知。鉴于上述活动不涉及联合国经常预算的经费问题，缔约国一收到摊款通知，即应尽快支付估计费用分摊额。", "《特定常规武器公约》经1996年5月3日修正后的第二号议定书 (《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》) 缔约国第九届年度会议", "2007年，为期一天，日内瓦", "会议服务项目 会议服务 会前文件(美 会期文件(美 简要记录 会后文件 所需支助服务 所需其他服务 合 计* (美 元)* 元)* 元)* (美 元)* (美 元)* (美元)* (美元)* (美元)", "口译和会议 12,600 12,600 服务", "文件翻译 112,500 16,300 36,900 30,600     196,300", "所需支助服务 1,700   1,700", "所需其他服务 5,600  5,600", "合 计 12,600 112,500 16,300 36,900 30,600 1,700 5,600  216,200", "* 按1美元= 1.24瑞士法郎计算", "A. 所需会议服务费用合计(包括13%方案支助费用) 216,200", "B. 所需非会议服务费用", "一名P3, 3个月 34,500", "小 计 34,500", "方案支助费用(B的13%) 4,500", "B小计 39,000", "A+B总计(四舍五入) 255,200", "附 件 五", "已通知保存人同意受《特定常规武器公约》 经修正后的第二号议定书约束的国家名单", "(截至2006年11月6日)", "1. 阿尔巴尼亚 31. 危地马拉 61. 菲律宾 2. 阿根廷 32. 教廷 62. 波兰 3. 澳大利亚 33. 洪都拉斯 63. 葡萄牙 4. 奥地利 34. 匈牙利 64. 大韩民国 5. 孟加拉国 35. 印度 65. 罗马尼亚 6. 白俄罗斯 36. 爱尔兰 66. 俄罗斯联邦 7. 比利时 37. 以色列 67. 塞内加尔 8. 玻利维亚 38. 意大利 68. 塞舌尔 \n9.波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那10. 巴西11. 保加利亚12. 布基纳法索13. 柬埔寨14. 加拿大15. 佛得角16. 智利17. 中国18. 哥伦比亚19. 哥斯达黎加20. 克罗地亚21. 塞浦路斯22. 捷克共和国23. 丹麦24. 厄瓜多尔25. 萨尔瓦多26. 爱沙尼亚27. 芬兰28. 法国29. 德国30. 希腊\t39. 日本40. 约旦41. 拉脱维亚42. 利比里亚43. 列支敦士登44. 立陶宛45. 卢森堡46. 马尔代夫47. 马里48. 马耳他49. 摩尔多瓦50. 摩纳哥51. 摩洛哥52. 瑙鲁53. 荷兰54. 新西兰55. 尼加拉瓜56. 挪威57. 巴基斯坦58. 巴拿马59. 巴拉圭60. 秘鲁\t69. 塞拉利昂70. 斯洛伐克71. 斯洛文尼亚72. 南非73. 西班牙74. 斯里兰卡75. 瑞典76. 瑞士77. 塔吉克斯坦78.前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国79. 突尼斯80. 土耳其81. 土库曼斯坦82. 乌克兰83.大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国84. 美利坚合众国85. 乌拉圭86. 委内瑞拉", "附 件 六", "国家年度报告一览表", "提交2006年第八次年度会议的国家年度报告分析 (截至2006年11月6日)", "所用表格：", "表格A： 资料传播", "表格B： 清除地雷和善后重建方案", "表格C： 技术要求和有关资料", "表格D： 立法", "表格E： 国际技术资料交换、清除地雷方面的国际合作、技术合作与援助", "表格F： 其他有关事项", "表格G： 提供给联合国排雷数据库的资料", "注：", "标准：提供标准/正常报告表格", "概要：提供概要，带有(或不带有)与所附前些年报告相比内容有所变化的表格", "[TABLE]", "附 件 七", "文件清单", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/1 临时议程――候任主席提交", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》经1996年5月3日修正后的《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》（经修正后的第二号议定书）缔约国第八届年度会议――最后文件――2006年11月6日，日内瓦", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/L.1 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》经修正后的第二号议定书缔约国第九届年度会议费用估计", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/INF.1 与会者名单", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.1 第八届年度会议报告草案", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.2 根据《议定书》第13条第4款和第11条第2款提交的国家年度报告一览表――秘书处编写", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/MISC.1 暂定与会者名单", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/SR.1 第1次会议简要记录", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/SR.2 第2次会议简要记录", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.1 孟加拉人民共和国的国家年度报告(只有英文本)", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.2 约旦哈希姆王国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.3 奥地利共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.4 列支敦士登公国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.5 拉脱维亚共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.6 捷克共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.7 立陶宛共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.8 挪威王国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.9 斯洛文尼亚共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.10 保加利亚共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.11 希腊共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.12 俄罗斯联邦的国家年度报告", "(只有俄文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.13 克罗地亚共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.14 意大利共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.15 匈牙利共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.16 摩尔多瓦共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.17 芬兰共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.18 日本的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.19 丹麦王国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.20 土耳其共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.21 大韩民国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.22 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.23 澳大利亚的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.24 加拿大的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本和法文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.25 美利坚合众国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.26 爱沙尼亚的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.27 西班牙的国家年度报告", "(只有西班牙文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.28 以色列的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.29 教廷的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.30 爱尔兰共和国的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.31 巴基斯坦的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.32 法国的国家年度报告", "(只有法文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.33 巴西的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.34 比利时的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.35 罗马尼亚的国家年度报告", "(只有英文本)" ]

[ "EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2", "STATES PARTIES TO AMENDED 15 November 2006", "PROTOCOL II TO THE CONVENTION ON", "PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE", "OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH", "MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS", "OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 6 November 2006", "Item 14 of the agenda", "Consideration and adoption of the final documents", "REPORT OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs", "INTRODUCTION 1 – 2", "ORGANIZATION OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE 3 – 10", "WORK OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE 11 – 17", "CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 – 22", "Annexes", "I. Agenda of the Eighth Annual Conference", "II. An Appeal of the States Parties to Amended Protocol II", "on the Occasion of the Eighth Annual Conference", "III. Provisional Agenda of the Ninth Annual Conference", "IV. Estimated costs of the Ninth Annual Conference of the States Parties to Amended Protocol II", "V. List of States Which Have Notified the Depositary of Their Consent", "to be Bound by Amended Protocol II", "VI. Synopsis of National Annual Reports, submitted in accordance with", "Article 13, paragraph 4 and Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Protocol", "VII. List of Documents", "INTRODUCTION", "1. Article 13 of Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Amended Protocol II) adopted on 3 May 1996 by the Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW), provides for a conference of the States Parties to the Protocol to be held annually for the purpose of consultations and cooperation on all issues related to the operation of the Protocol.", "2. The Seventh Annual Conference held on 23 November 2005 agreed to recommend to the Eighth Annual Conference a provisional agenda as contained in Annex III of the Final Document of the Conference (CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2). It also considered the estimated costs of the Eighth Annual Conference and recommended them for adoption at the time of the Conference in 2006 (CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2, Annex IV). The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention, held on 24 and 25 November 2005, decided, as contained in paragraph 37 of its Report (CCW/MSP/2005/2), that the Eighth Annual Conference of the States Parties to Amended Protocol II be held on 6 November 2006 at Geneva.", "ORGANIZATION OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "3. The Eighth Annual Conference was opened on 6 November 2006 by the Deputy- Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament and Director of the Department for Disarmament Affairs, Geneva Branch, Mr. Tim Caughley.", "4. The Conference held two plenary meetings. At its first plenary meeting, on 6 November 2006, the Conference confirmed the nomination of Ambassador Tomáš Husák of the Czech Republic as President of the Eighth Annual Conference. It also confirmed the nominations of Ambassador Cheng Jingye of China, Ambassador Bernhard Brasack of Germany, and Ambassador Mousa Burayzat of Jordan as Vice-Presidents.", "5. Also at its first plenary meeting, the Conference appointed Mr. Peter Kolarov, Political Affairs Officer, Department for Disarmament Affairs, Geneva Branch, as Secretary-General of the Conference. Mr. Bantan Nugroho, Political Affairs Officer, served as Secretary of the Eighth Annual Conference.", "6. The following States, which have notified the Depositary of their consent to be bound by Amended Protocol II, participated in the work of the Conference: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, and Venezuela.", "7. The following State Signatory to the Convention also participated in the work of the Conference: Egypt.", "8. The following States not parties to Amended Protocol II participated as observers: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.", "9. The representatives of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (DDA), United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) and United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) also participated in the work of the Conference.", "10. The representatives of Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), as well as American Bar Association, Cluster Munition Coalition, Human Rights Watch, International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), Norwegian People’s Aid and Pax Christie International attended public meetings of the Conference.", "WORK OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "11. At its first plenary meeting, the Conference adopted its agenda, as contained in Annex I, and noted that the Rules of Procedure for Annual Conferences of the States Parties to Amended Protocol II, adopted at the First Annual Conference held in 1999 and amended on 11 December 2002, as contained in CCW/AP.II/CONF.6/2, together with the statement of the President which had been made in connection with the adoption of these Rules of Procedure, were applicable, mutatis mutandis, to the Eighth Annual Conference.", "12. Also at that meeting the Conference decided to conduct its work in plenary meetings.", "13. At the same meeting the Conference adopted the arrangements for meeting the costs of the Conference, as contained in document CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2, Annex IV.", "14. At the same meeting the Conference received a message from the Secretary-General of the United Nations that was delivered by the Deputy-Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament and Director of the Department for Disarmament Affairs, Geneva Branch, Mr. Tim Caughley.", "15. The following delegations participated in the General Exchange of Views and the discussion on the Review of the Operation and Status of the Protocol: Australia, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland (on behalf of the European Union, Bulgaria and Romania, Turkey, Croatia and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, as well as Ukraine and Moldova), India, Japan, Latvia, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Ukraine, and United States of America. The representative of Human Rights Watch also took the floor. The statements made during the general exchange of views are reflected in the summary records of the Conference, which will be issued at a later date.", "16. The Conference considered the issue on the deferral of compliance with Paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (a) and/or (b) of the Technical Annex of Amended Protocol II, as permitted under Paragraphs 2 (c) and 3 (c) of the Technical Annex. The Conference took note of the fact that, as Amended Protocol II entered into force on 3 December 1998, the permitted deferral period will expire on 3 December 2007.", "17. In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 13 of the Protocol, the Conference had before it national annual reports from the following States: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and United States of America. The reports contained information on:", "(a) dissemination of information on the Protocol to armed forces and to the civilian populations;", "(b) mine clearance and rehabilitation programmes;", "(c) steps taken to meet technical requirements of the Protocol and any other relevant information pertaining thereto;", "(d) legislation related to the Protocol;", "(e) measures taken on international technical information exchange, on international cooperation on mine clearance, and on technical cooperation and assistance;", "(f) other relevant matters; and", "(g) information provided to the database on mine clearance established within the United Nations System.", "CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "18. At its second plenary meeting, the Conference decided to issue an appeal to all States that had not yet done so to take all measures to accede to Amended Protocol II as soon as possible. The appeal is contained in Annex II.", "19. The Conference recommended that the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary of Amended Protocol II, and the President of the Conference, on behalf of the States Parties, exercise their authority to achieve the goal of universality of Amended Protocol II. To this effect, the Conference requested the President to consider reporting to the 62^(nd) session of the United Nations General Assembly on his endeavours. The Conference also called on the States Parties to promote wider adherence to Amended Protocol II in their respective regions.", "20. In light of the decision taken at the Fourth Annual Conference in 2002 to designate the President and Vice-Presidents at the end of the conference in order to assure the continuity of the preparatory work by the presidency, the Conference decided to nominate the representative of Jordan as President-designate of the Ninth Annual Conference of the States Parties to be held in 2007 and the representatives of China, Slovakia and Switzerland as Vice-Presidents-designate.", "21. The Conference addressed the issue of holding the Ninth Annual Conference in 2007 and decided that the issues of the dates and duration would be addressed at the Third Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention to be held from 7 to 17 November 2006. The Conference decided that a preparatory meeting for the Ninth Annual Conference was not required. The Conference agreed to recommend to the Ninth Annual Conference a provisional agenda, as contained in Annex III. It also considered the estimated costs of the Ninth Annual Conference and recommended them for adoption at the time of the Conference in 2007, as contained in Annex IV.", "22. At its second plenary meeting, the Eighth Annual Conference adopted its report as contained in document CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.1, as orally amended, which is being issued as document CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2.", "Annex I", "AGENDA OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "(as adopted at the first plenary meeting on 6 November 2006)", "1. Opening of the Conference", "2. Confirmation of the nomination of the President and other officers", "3. Adoption of the Agenda", "4. Confirmation of the Rules of Procedure", "5. Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Conference", "6. Adoption of arrangements for meeting the costs of the Conference", "7. Organization of work including that of any subsidiary bodies of the Conference", "8. General exchange of views", "9. Review of the operation and status of the Protocol", "10. Consideration of matters arising from reports by High Contracting Parties according to paragraph 4 of Article 13 of the Amended Protocol II", "11. Consideration of the development of technologies to protect civilians against indiscriminate effects of mines", "12. Report(s) of any subsidiary organ(s)", "13. Other matters", "14. Consideration and adoption of the final documents", "Annex II", "AN APPEAL OF THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO AMENDED PROTOCOL II TO THE CONVENTION ON THE OCCASION OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "We, the States which have notified the Depositary of their consent to be bound by Amended Protocol II to the CCW, meeting in Geneva on 6 November 2006 for our Eighth Annual Conference:", "Bearing in mind the important contribution of Amended Protocol II to international efforts to alleviate the suffering caused by certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects;", "Noting that Amended Protocol II is the only international legal instrument which covers all types of mines, booby traps and other devices;", "Having reviewed the operation and status of Amended Protocol II, in accordance with paragraph 3(a) of Article 13;", "Having considered the national annual reports presented by States which have notified the Depositary of their consent to be bound by Amended Protocol II;", "Welcome the fact that, since the First Annual Conference held in December 1999, 41 more States have notified the Depositary of their consent to be bound by Amended Protocol II, thus bringing the total number of States which have adhered to this Protocol to 86;", "Emphasize the importance of achieving the widest possible adherence to Amended Protocol II;", "Urge all States that have not yet done so to take all measures to accede to it as soon as possible. Annex III", "PROVISIONAL AGENDA OF THE NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE", "1. Opening of the Conference", "2. Confirmation of the nomination of the President and other officers", "3. Adoption of the Agenda", "4. Confirmation of the Rules of Procedure", "5. Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Conference", "6. Adoption of arrangements for meeting the costs of the Conference", "7. Organization of work including that of any subsidiary bodies of the Conference", "8. General exchange of views", "9. Review of the operation and status of the Protocol", "10. Consideration of matters arising from reports by High Contracting Parties according to paragraph 4 of Article 13 of the Amended Protocol II", "11. Consideration of the development of technologies to protect civilians against indiscriminate effects of mines", "12. Report(s) of any subsidiary organ(s)", "13. Other matters", "14. Consideration and adoption of the final documents", "Annex IV", "ESTIMATED COSTS OF THE NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO AMENDED PROTOCOL II TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "(as considered at the second plenary meeting on 6 November 2006)", "1. The Eighth Annual Conference of the States Parties to Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed To Be Excessively Injurious or To Have Indiscriminate Effects, held in Geneva on 6 November 2006, decided to convene a one-day meeting of the Ninth Annual Conference of the States Parties in 2007.", "2 This document is submitted pursuant to the above-mentioned decision of the States Parties and provides estimated costs in the amount of US$255,200 for convening that meeting. A breakdown of these costs is provided in the attached table.", "3. It should be noted that the costs are estimated on the basis of past experience and anticipated workload. The actual costs will be determined after the closure of the meeting and completion of related work, with all relevant expenditures recorded in the accounts. At that time, any adjustments in contributions by the participants sharing the costs will be determined accordingly.", "4. With regard to the financial arrangements, it will be recalled that, in accordance with the practice followed on the occasion of previous multilateral disarmament conferences and related meetings, and as reflected in their Rules of Procedure, the costs are shared among the States Parties participating in the conferences, based upon the United Nations scale of assessment pro-rated to take into account the number of States Parties participating in the meetings. States that are not States Parties but that have accepted the invitation to take part in the meetings share in the costs to the extent of their respective rates of assessment under the United Nations scale of assessments.", "5. Subject to the States Parties’ approval of the estimated costs and cost-sharing formula, assessment notices will be prepared based on the overall estimated costs and applicable cost-sharing formula. Since the above-mentioned activities shall have no financial implication for the regular budget of the Organization, States Parties should proceed with the payment of their share of the estimated costs as soon as assessment notices have been received.", "[TABLE]", "Annex V", "LIST OF STATES WHICH HAVE NOTIFIED THE DEPOSITARY OF THEIR CONSENT TO BE BOUND BY AMENDED PROTOCOL II TO THE CONVENTION", "(As of 6 November 2006)", "1. Albania 31. Guatemala 62. Poland 2. Argentina 32. Holy See 63. Portugal 3. Australia 33. Honduras 64. Republic of Korea 4. Austria 34. Hungary 65. Romania 5. Bangladesh 35. India 66. Russian Federation 6. Belarus 36. Ireland 67. Senegal 7. Belgium 37. Israel 68. Seychelles 8. Bolivia 38. Italy 69. Sierra Leone \n9. Bosnia andHerzegovina10. Brazil11. Bulgaria12. Burkina Faso13. Cambodia14. Canada15. Cape Verde16. Chile17. China18. Colombia19. Costa Rica20. Croatia21. Cyprus22. Czech Republic23. Denmark24. Ecuador25. El Salvador26. Estonia27. Finland28. France29. Germany30. Greece\t39. Japan40. Jordan41. Latvia42. Liberia43. Liechtenstein44. Lithuania45. Luxembourg46. Maldives47. Mali48. Malta49. Moldova50. Monaco51. Morocco52. Nauru53. Netherlands54. New Zealand55. Nicaragua56. Norway57. Pakistan58. Panama59. Paraguay60. Peru61. Philippines\t70. Slovakia71. Slovenia72. South Africa73. Spain74. Sri Lanka75. Sweden76. Switzerland77. Tajikistan78. The former YugoslavRepublic ofMacedonia79. Tunisia80. Turkey81. Turkmenistan82. Ukraine83. United Kingdom ofGreat Britain andNorthern Ireland84. United States ofAmerica85. Uruguay86. Venezuela", "Annex VI", "SYNOPSIS OF NATIONAL ANNUAL REPORTS", "Analysis of the National Annual Reports submitted for the Eighth Annual Conference 2006", "(as of 6 November 2006)", "Forms used:", "Form A: Dissemination of information", "Form B: Mine Clearance and rehabilitation program", "Form C: Technical requirements and relevant information", "Form D: Legislation", "Form E: International technical information exchange, co-operation on mine clearance, technical co-operation and assistance", "Form F: Other relevant matters", "Form G: Information to the UN-database on mine clearance", "Notes:", "Standard: Standard/normal reporting format provided", "Summary: Summary sheet provided with (or without) the Form(s) that have changed relative to the previous report attached", "[TABLE]", "Annex VII", "List of Documents", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/1 Provisional Agenda – Presented by the President-designate", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2 Eighth Annual Conference of the States Parties to the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as Amended on 3 May 1996 (Amended Protocol II) Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects - Final Document – Geneva, 6 November 2006", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/L.1 Estimated costs of the Ninth Annual Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/INF.1 List of Participants", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.1 Draft Report of the Eighth Annual Conference", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.2 Synopsis of National Annual Reports, submitted in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 4 and Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Protocol - Prepared by the Secretariat", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/MISC.1 Provisional List of Participants", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/SR.1 Summary Record of the 1^(st) meeting", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/SR.2 Summary Record of the 2^(nd) meeting", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.1 National annual report of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.2 National annual report of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.3 National annual report of the Republic of Austria", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.4 National annual report of the Principality of Liechtenstein", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.5 National annual report of the Republic of Latvia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.6 National annual report of the Czech Republic", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.7 National annual report of the Republic of Lithuania", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.8 National annual report of the Kingdom of Norway", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.9 National annual report of the Republic of Slovenia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.10 National annual report of the Republic of Bulgaria", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.11 National annual report of the Hellenic Republic", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.12 National annual report of the Russian Federation", "(Russian only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.13 National annual report of the Republic of Croatia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.14 National annual report of the Republic of Italy", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.15 National annual report of the Republic of Hungary", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.16 National annual report of the Republic of Moldova", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.17 National annual report of the Republic of Finland", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.18 National annual report of Japan", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.19 National annual report of the Kingdom of Denmark", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.20 National annual report of the Republic of Turkey", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.21 National annual report of the Republic of Korea", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.22 National annual report of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.23 National annual report of Australia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.24 National annual report of Canada", "(English/French only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.25 National annual report of United States of America", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.26 National annual report of Estonia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.27 National annual report of Spain", "(Spanish only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.28 National annual report of Israel", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.29 National annual report of the Holy See", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.30 National annual report of the republic of Ireland", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.31 National annual report of Pakistan", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.32 National annual report of France", "(French only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.33 National annual report of Brazil", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.34 National annual report of Belgium", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.35 National annual report of Romania", "(English only)" ]

[ "Geneva, 6 November 2006", "Agenda item 14", "Consideration and adoption of the final document", "Report on the eighth annual session", "Paragraphs Page", "Paragraphs", "Introduction 1 - 2", "Organization of the eighth annual session 3 - 10", "Work of the eighth annual session 11 - 17", "Conclusions and recommendations 18 - 22", "Annex", "Agenda for the eighth annual session", "Call by States parties to Protocol II, as amended, at the eighth annual session of the Conference", "Provisional agenda for the ninth annual session", "Estimates for the ninth annual meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons as amended", "List of States that have notified the Depositary of their consent to be bound by the Protocol II as amended by the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons", "List of national annual reports submitted pursuant to article 13, paragraphs 4 and 11, paragraph 2, of the Protocol", "List of documents", "Introduction", "Article 13 of the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices, as amended by the Review Conference of States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, adopted on 3 May 1996, provides that, in order to consult and cooperate on all matters related to the Protocol, the Conference of the Parties to the Protocol shall be convened annually.", "At its 7th annual meeting, on 23 November 2005, the provisional agenda was agreed upon to recommend to the 8th Annual Conference the provisional agenda contained in annex III to the Final Document of the 7th Annual Conference (CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2). The Meeting also considered the cost estimates for the eighth annual session and recommended that it be adopted at its eighth annual session in 2006 (CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2, annex IV). The Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, held on 24 and 25 November 2005, decided (see report of the Conference (CCW/MSP/2005/2), para. 37) that the 8th Annual Meeting of the States Parties to Protocol II, as amended, was held in Geneva on 6 November 2006.", "Organization of the 8th Annual Conference", "The eighth annual session was opened on 6 November 2006 by Mr. Tim Caucus, Under-Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament and Director of the Geneva Branch of the Department for Disarmament Affairs.", "The session held two plenary meetings. At its 1st plenary meeting, on 6 November 2006, the Meeting confirmed the nomination of Ambassador Tomaash Hussaque of the Czech Republic as Chairman of the 8th Annual Conference. The meeting also confirmed the nomination of the Vice-Chairpersons by China's Ambassador of Entrepre Brasque, Germany, and Ambassador Mussa Brightz of Jordan.", "At its 1st plenary meeting, the Conference also appointed Mr. Peter Koranov, Political Affairs Officer, Geneva Branch, Department for Disarmament Affairs, to serve as Secretary-General of the Conference. Mr. Bantan Ngroho, Political Affairs Officer, Geneva Branch, Department for Disarmament Affairs, served as Secretary for the eighth annual session.", "The following States that have communicated their consent to be bound by amended Protocol II participated in the work of the Meeting: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Morocco, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America and Venezuela.", "The following States signatories to the Convention also participated in the work of the Conference: Egypt.", "The following States that have not acceded to Protocol II as amended participated as observers: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.", "Representatives of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (Department of Disarmament Affairs), the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) and the United Nations Mine Action Service also participated in the work of the Conference.", "Representatives of the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), the International Committee of the Red Cross and the United States Bar Association, the Alliance of Cluster Munitions, the Human Rights Watch, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (LCM), the Norwegian People's Aid and the International Union for Peace attended the public meetings of the annual session.", "Work of the seventh annual session", "At its 1st plenary meeting, the Conference adopted the agenda contained in annex I. The Meeting also noted that the rules of procedure for the annual meeting of the States Parties to Protocol II, as amended in document CCW/AP.II/CONF.6/2, and the statements made by the President in adopting the rules of procedure, were applied mutatis mutandis to the 8th Annual Conference.", "At the same meeting, the Conference also decided to work in a plenary manner.", "At the same meeting, the Conference adopted the arrangements for the sharing of costs for the Conference contained in annex IV to document CCW/AP.II/CONF.7/2.", "At the same meeting, the Conference received and delivered a message from the Secretary-General of the United Nations by Mr. Tim Caucus, Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs and Director of the Geneva Branch of the Department for Disarmament Affairs.", "The following delegations participated in the general exchange and review of the implementation and status of the Protocol: Australia, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland (on behalf of the European Union, Bulgaria and Romania, Turkey, Croatia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova), India, Japan, Latvia, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States of America. A statement was also made by the representative of HRW. The views expressed during the general exchange of views are reflected in the summary records of the Conference, which will be issued later.", "The Meeting considered the question of deferral of compliance with paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (a) and/or (b) of the Technical Annex to the Protocol II as amended. The Meeting noted that, as amended Protocol II entered into force on 3 December 1998, the deferred period allowed would expire on 3 December 2007.", "In accordance with article 13, paragraph 4, of the Protocol, the Conference had before it the following national annual reports: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Monaco, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and United States of America. The report contains information on:", "(a) Dissemination of information on the Protocol to armed forces and civilians;", "(b) Mine clearance and rehabilitation programmes;", "(c) Steps taken and any other relevant information to meet the technical requirements of the Protocol;", "(d) Legislation relating to the Protocol;", "(e) Exchange of international technical information, international cooperation in mine clearance and measures taken on technical cooperation and assistance;", "(f) Other related matters; and", "(g) Information on the demining database established within the United Nations system.", "Conclusions and recommendations", "At its 2nd plenary meeting, the Conference decided to call upon all States that had not yet done so to take all measures to accede to the Protocol as soon as possible. The appeal is contained in annex II.", "The Meeting recommended that the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of the annual meeting of the States Parties, as depositary of Protocol II, as amended, perform their duties in order to achieve the goal of universal adherence by States to Protocol II as amended. To that end, the Meeting requested the President to consider reporting to the General Assembly at its sixty-second session on his efforts. The Meeting also called upon States parties to promote, in their respective regions, their wider adherence to the amended Protocol II.", "In the light of the decision taken at the fourth annual session in 2002 to designate, at the end of the session, the Chairperson and Vice-Chairpersons of the next session in order to ensure continuity in the preparatory work of the Chair, the Conference decided to nominate the representative of Japan as Chairperson of the ninth annual meeting of States parties, to be held in 2007, and the representatives of China, Slovakia and Switzerland to serve as Vice-Chairpersons.", "The Meeting discussed the question of convening the ninth annual session in 2007 and decided that the date and duration of the session would be dealt with by the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, held from 7 to 17 November 2006. The Meeting decided that preparatory meetings would not be required for the ninth annual session. The Meeting agreed to recommend the provisional agenda for its ninth annual session, which is contained in annex III. The Meeting also considered the estimated costs for the ninth annual session (see annex IV) and recommended that it be adopted at the ninth annual session in 2007.", "At its 2nd plenary meeting, the eighth annual session adopted the report of the meeting as contained in document CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.1, as orally revised, which is being issued as document CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2.", "Annex I", "Agenda for the eighth annual session", "(Adopted at the 1st plenary meeting, on 6 November 2006)", "Opening of the session.", "Acknowledges the nomination of the President and other officers.", "Adoption of the agenda.", "Confirmation of the rules of procedure.", "Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Conference.", "Adoption of the cost-sharing arrangement.", "Organization of work, including the organization of work of any subsidiary body of the Conference.", "General exchange of views.", "Review of the implementation and status of the Protocol.", "Consideration of matters arising from reports submitted by Parties pursuant to article 13, paragraph 4, of the amended Protocol.", "Consideration of the development of technologies to protect civilians from the indiscriminate effects of landmines.", "Report of any subsidiary body.", "Other matters.", "Consideration and adoption of the final document.", "Annex II", "Protocol II, as amended, calls by the State party at its eighth annual session", "We have informed the Depositary that the States that have agreed to be bound by the amended Protocol II to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, held in Geneva on 6 November 2006 at its eighth annual session:", "Bearing in mind the important contribution of Protocol II, as amended, to international efforts to alleviate the suffering caused by certain weapons that may be considered to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects,", "Noting that Protocol II, as amended, is the only international legal instrument applicable to all types of mines, booby devices and other devices;", "The status of implementation and status of the amended Protocol II, in accordance with article 13, paragraph 3 (a);", "Having considered the annual report of States notified to the Depositary of their consent to be bound by amended Protocol II;", "Welcoming the fact that, since the first annual meeting in December 1999, 41 additional States have informed the Depositary that they have agreed to be bound by the amended Protocol II, thereby increasing the number of States that have acceded to the Protocol to 86;", "Emphasizing the importance of the widest possible adherence to Protocol II as amended;", "Urge all States that have not yet done so to take all measures to accede to the Protocol as soon as possible.", "Annex III", "Provisional agenda for the ninth annual session", "Opening of the session.", "Acknowledges the nomination of the President and other officers.", "Adoption of the agenda.", "Confirmation of the rules of procedure.", "Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Conference.", "Adoption of the cost-sharing arrangement.", "Organization of work, including the organization of work of any subsidiary body of the Conference.", "General exchange of views.", "Review of the implementation and status of the Protocol.", "Consideration of matters arising from reports submitted by Parties pursuant to article 13, paragraph 4, of the amended Protocol.", "Consideration of the development of technologies to protect civilians from the indiscriminate effects of landmines.", "Report of any subsidiary body.", "Other matters.", "Consideration and adoption of the final document.", "Annex IV", "Estimates for the ninth annual meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as amended,", "(Consideration at the second plenary meeting, on 6 November 2006)", "The 8th Annual Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, held in Geneva on 6 November 2006, decided to hold the Ninth Annual Meeting of States Parties in 2007, for a one-day period.", "The present document is submitted in accordance with the above-mentioned decision of the State party, which presents the estimated cost of convening the above-mentioned meeting in the amount of $25,200. A breakdown of the cost estimates is shown in the schedule.", "It should be noted that cost estimates are based on past experience and expected workload. Actual expenditure will be determined after the closure of the session and the closure of the related work and the completion of all related costs into the accounts. At that time, the contributions of the participating States that assessed the costs would be adjusted accordingly.", "With regard to financial arrangements, it should be noted that, in accordance with past practice at multilateral disarmament conferences and related meetings, and as reflected in the rules of procedure of such meetings, the costs of the Conference are borne by the States parties participating in the Conference in accordance with the scale of assessments of the United Nations and are adjusted in proportion to the number of States parties participating in the Conference. The States not parties that have accepted the invitation to participate in the Conference share the costs of the Conference in accordance with their respective rates of assessment in the United Nations scale of assessments.", "The assessment notice shall be prepared in accordance with the overall estimated cost estimates and the applicable methodology for the assessment. In view of the fact that the above-mentioned activities do not involve the financial implications of the regular budget of the United Nations, the State party has received a notification of assessment that the cost-sharing rate should be paid as soon as possible.", "Protocol II, as amended by the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on 3 May 1996 (the Protocol on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby and Other Devices)", "Geneva, 1-day 2007", "Conference services project (United States dollars)*", "Interpretation and meetings 12,600", "Translation of 112,500 16,300, 900 30,600 196,300", "Support services required 1,700", "Other services required 5,600", "United Nations", "Note by the Secretariat", "Total requirements for conference services (including 13 per cent programme support costs) 216,200", "Non-conference services requirements", "One P3, 3 March 4,500", "Smalls 34,500", "Programme support costs (13 per cent) 4,500", "Introduction 39,000", "A+B Total (four rounds) 255,200", "Annex V", "List of States that have notified the depositary of their consent to be bound by the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Protocol II, as amended", "(as at 6 November 2006)", "Spain", "Annex VI", "National annual report", "National annual report analysis for the eighth annual session of 2006 (as at 6 November 2006)", "Tables used:", "Table A: Dissemination of information", "Table B: Mine clearance and rehabilitation programmes", "Table C: Technical requirements and relevant information", "Table D: Legislation", "Table E: International technical information exchange, international cooperation in mine clearance, technical cooperation and assistance", "Table F: Other related matters", "Table G: Information available to the United Nations Mine Action Database", "Notes:", "Standard: Standard/normal reporting form", "Summary: A summary containing (or not with) a table showing changes in content compared with previous years' reports", "[TABLE]", "Annex VII", "List of documents", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/1 Provisional agenda - Submitted by the President-Designate", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/2 Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices, as amended by 3 May 1996 (Amended Protocol II), 8th Annual Meeting of States Parties - Final Document - 6 November 2006 Geneva", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/L.1 Estimated cost of the ninth annual meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as amended,", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/INF.1 List of participants", "Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/CRP.2 List of national annual reports submitted pursuant to Article 13, paragraphs 4 and 11, paragraph 2, of the Protocol - prepared by the Secretariat", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/MISC.1 List of participants", "Summary record of the 1st meeting", "Summary record of the 2nd meeting", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.1 Annual Report of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (English only)", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.2 Annual report of the State of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.3 Annual Report of the Republic of Austria", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.4 Annual report of the Principality of Liechtenstein", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.5 Annual Report of the Republic of Latvia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.6 Annual report of the Czech Republic", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.7 Annual report of the Republic of Lithuania", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.8 Annual Report of the Kingdom of Norway", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.9 National Annual Report of the Republic of Slovenia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.10 Annual Report of the Republic of Bulgaria", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.11 Annual report of the Republic of Greece", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.12 Annual report of the Russian Federation", "(on Russian only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.13 Annual report of the Republic of Croatia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.14 Annual report of the Republic of Italy", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.15 National Annual Report of the Republic of Hungary", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.16 National Annual Report of the Republic of Moldova", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.17 Annual report of the Republic of Finland", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.18 Japan Annual Report", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.19 Annual report of the Kingdom of Denmark", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.20 Annual Report of the Republic of Turkey", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.21 Annual report of the Republic of Korea", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.22 National Annual Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.23 Australian Annual Report", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.24 Canada Annual Report", "(English only and French)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.25 Annual Report of the United States of America", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.26 Annual report of Estonia", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.27 Annual report of Spain", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.28 Annual report of Israel", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.29 Annual Report of the Holy See", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.30 Annual report of the Republic of Ireland", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.31 Annual report of Pakistan", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.32 Annual Report of France", "(Percentage only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.33 Annual report of Brazil", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.34 Annual report of Belgium", "(English only)", "CCW/AP.II/CONF.8/NAR.35 Annual report of Romania", "(English only)" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于拟订战争遗留爆炸物问题任务授权的建议", "大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国提出", "禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》 缔约国第三次审查会议决定，作为紧急事项，召集一次闭会期间政府专家会议：", "“进一步审议现有国际人道主义法针对可造成战争遗留爆炸物的具体武器系统适用和执行问题，特别侧重于集束弹药，包括影响其可靠性及其技术和设计特点的因素，以期尽量减少这些武器的使用所造成的人道主义影响”。", "该次政府专家会议除其他外将审议红十字国际委员会举行的集束弹药问题技术专家会议的结果。政府专家会议将向下次缔约国会议报告。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1515 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "PROPOSAL FOR A MANDATE ON EXPLOSIVE REMNANTS OF WAR", "Presented by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "The Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which may Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects decides, as a matter of urgency, to convene an intersessional meeting of governmental experts:", "\"to consider further the application and implementation of existing international humanitarian law to specific weapons systems that may cause explosive remnants of war, with particular focus on cluster munitions, including the factors affecting their reliability and their technical and design characteristics, with a view to minimising the humanitarian impact of the use of these weapons\".", "This meeting of governmental experts will inter alia consider the results of the meeting of technical experts on cluster munitions held by the ICRC. The meeting of governmental experts will report to the next meeting of States Parties." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Recommendations on the elaboration of a mandate on ERW", "Submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "The Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects decided to convene an intersessional meeting of governmental experts as a matter of urgency:", "“Further consideration of existing international humanitarian law in relation to the application and implementation of specific weapons systems that may cause ERW, with particular focus on cluster munitions, including factors affecting their reliability and their technical and design characteristics, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian impact of the use of such weapons”.", "The Government expert meeting will consider, inter alia, the outcome of the technical expert meeting on cluster munitions held by the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Government expert meeting will report to the next Conference." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "第一主要委员会报告草稿", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议议事规则第35条规定：", "“应设立两个主要委员会，它们应接受会议分派的任务并向会议作出报告。”", "2. 第三次审查会议在2006年11月7日举行的第一次全体会议上决定委托第一主要委员会负责“审查《公约》及其所附议定书的范围和实施情况、审议任何关于《公约》及其现有议定书的提案，并且审议和编写最后文件。”", "3. 本委员会在立陶宛的Edvardas Borisovas大使和美利坚合众国的Katherine Baker女士主持下于2006年11月[7日至16日]举行了会议，前者为委员会主席，后者为委员会副主席。联合国裁军事务部(日内瓦裁军处)政治事务干事Peter Kolarov先生担任委员会秘书。", "4. 在2006年11月8日第一次会议上，委员会通过了议程(CCW/CONF.III./4,经口头修改)及工作计划(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.4-CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.4)。", "5. 在审议第三次审查会议分别题为“审查《公约》及其所附议定书的范围和实施情况”和“审议任何关于《公约》及其现有议定书的提案”的议程项目12和13的过程中，以及在审议会议最后文件的过程中，委员会备有下列文件：", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.3)；", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7)；", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.8)；", "(CCW/CONF.III/WP.10)；", "6. 委员会通过了附件[……]所载[……]，并建议审查会议通过[最后文件草案]。", "7. 在2006年11月[……]日举行的最后一次会议上，委员会通过了报告草稿(CCW/CONF.III/MC.I/CRP.1)，目前编为CCW/CONF.III/xxx号文件分发。", "附 件 一", "议 程", "附 件 二", "工作计划", "附 件 三", "[……]" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/MC.I/CRP.115 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "DRAFT REPORT OF MAIN COMMITTEE I", "1. Rule 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“There shall be two Main Committees, which shall receive their assignments from the Conference and report to it.”", "2. The Third Review Conference, at its first plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, decided to entrust Main Committee I with the mandate to “review of the scope and operation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols, to consider any proposal for the Convention and its existing Protocols, and to consider and prepare the final document.”", "3. The Committee held meetings from [7 to 16] November 2006, chaired by Ambassador Edvardas Borisovas of Lithuania, as Chairperson of the Committee, and Ms. Katherine Baker of United States of America, as Vice-Chairperson of the Committee. Mr. Peter Kolarov, Political Affairs Officer of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (Geneva Branch), served as Secretary of the Committee.", "4. At its first meeting, on 8 November 2006, the Committee adopted its Agenda (CCW/CONF.III/4 with oral amendments), and its Programme of Work (CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.4 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.4)).", "5. In the course of its consideration of items 12 and 13 of the agenda of the Third Review Conference, entitled respectively “Review of the scope and operation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols”, and “Consideration of any proposal for the Convention and its existing Protocols”, as well as in considering the final document of the Conference, the Committee had before it the following documents:", "CCW/CONF.III/6, presented on recommendation by the Group of Governmental Experts);", "Experts (CCW/CONF.III/7-CCW/GGE/XV/6);", "(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.3 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.3);", "(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7) ;", "the Convention (CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.8 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.8);", "CCW/CONF.III/WP.2, presented by Germany and Sweden);", "Adopted at the Third Review Conference (document CCW/CONF.III/WP.4, presented by Ireland and Sweden);", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 entitled “Draft Final Document”, presented by Germany and Sweden (CCW/CONF.III/WP.7)", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 entitled “Draft Final Document”, presented by Venezuela (CCW/CONF.III/WP.8)", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 entitled “Draft Final Document”, presented by Venezuela (CCW/CONF.III/WP.9)", "“Issues to be studied on military laser systems”, presented by Germany and Sweden", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 entitled “Draft Final Document”, presented by Sweden (CCW/CONF.III/WP.11)", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 entitled “Draft Final Document”, presented by the President (CCW/CONF.III/WP.12)", "6. The Committee adopted […] as contained in annex […], and recommended [the Draft Final Document] for adoption by the Conference.", "7. At its final meeting on […] November 2006, the Committee adopted its draft report (CCW/CONF.III/MC.I/CRP.1), which is being issued as document CCW/CONF.III/xxx.", "Annex I", "Agenda", "Annex II", "Programme of Work", "Annex IIII", "[…]" ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Draft report of the Main Committee", "Rule 35 of the rules of procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“The two Main Committees should be established and they should accept the mandate assigned to the Conference and report to the Conference.”", "At its 1st plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, the Third Review Conference decided to entrust Main Committee I with the task of reviewing the scope and implementation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols, considering any proposals for the Convention and its existing Protocols, and to consider and prepare the final document.”", "The Committee held its meeting under the chairmanship of Ambassador Edvardas Borisovas of Lithuania and Ms. Katherine Baker of the United States of America, from 7 to 16 November 2006, before the Chairman of the Committee, the latter being Vice-Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Peter Kolarov, Political Affairs Officer of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), served as Secretary of the Committee.", "At its first meeting, on 8 November 2006, the Committee adopted its agenda (CCW/CONF.III./4, as orally amended) and its workplan (CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.4-CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.4).", "In its consideration of agenda items 12 and 13, entitled “Review of the scope and implementation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols”, respectively, and “Consideration of any proposals for the Convention and its existing Protocols”, the Committee had before it the following documents:", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.3);", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.8;", "(CCW/CONF.III/WP.10);", "The Committee adopted the [...] contained in Annex [...] and recommended that the Review Conference adopt the draft Final Document.", "At its final meeting, held on [...] November 2006, the Committee adopted the draft report (CCW/CONF.III/MC.I/CRP.1), which is being circulated as document CCW/CONF.III/xxx).", "Annex I", "Agenda", "Annex II", "Programme of work", "Annex III", "[]" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "第二主要委员会报告草稿", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议议事规则第35条规定：", "“应设立两个主要委员会，它们应接受会议分派的任务并向会议作出报告。”", "2. 第三次审查会议在2006年11月7日举行的第一次全体会议上决定委托第二主要委员会负责“审议任何关于《公约》及其现有议定书的提案。”", "3. 本委员会在巴西的Carlos Antonio da Rocha Paranhos大使和俄罗斯联邦的Vladimir Novokhatskiy先生主持下于2006年11月[9日至15日]举行了会议，前者为委员会主席，后者为委员会副主席。联合国裁军事务部(日内瓦裁军处)政治事务干事Peter Kolarov先生担任委员会秘书。", "4. 在2006年11月8日第一次会议上，委员会通过了议程(CCW/CONF.III./5,经口头修改)及工作计划(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.5-CCW/GGE/ XV/6/Add.5)。", "5. 在审议第三次审查会议题为“审议任何关于《公约》及其现有议定书的提案”的议程项目14的过程中，委员会备有下列文件：", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.1)；", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.2)；", "6. 在2006年11月[……]日举行的最后一次会议上，委员会通过了报告草稿(CCW/CONF.III/MC.II/CRP.xxx)，目前编为CCW/CONF.III/xxx号文件分发。", "附件一", "议 程", "附件二", "工作计划", "附件三", "[……]" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/MC.II/CRP.115 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "DRAFT REPORT OF MAIN COMMITTEE II", "1. Rule 35 of the Rules of Procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“There shall be two Main Committees, which shall receive their assignments from the Conference and report to it.”", "2. The Third Review Conference, at its first plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, decided to entrust Main Committee II with the mandate to “consider proposals for additional protocols to the Convention.”", "3. The Committee held meetings from [9 to 15] November 2006, chaired by Ambassador Carlos Antonio da Rocha Paranhos of Brazil, Chairperson of the Committee. Mr. Vladimir Novokhatskiy of Russian Federation served as Vice-Chairperson of the Committee. Mr. Peter Kolarov, Political Affairs Officer of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (Geneva Branch), served as Secretary of the Committee.", "4. At its first meeting, on 8 November 2006, the Committee adopted its Agenda (CCW/CONF.III/5 with oral amendments), and its Programme of Work (CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.5- CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.5)).", "5. In the course of its consideration of item 14 of the agenda of the Third Review Conference, entitled “Consideration of proposals for additional protocols to the Convention”, the Committee had before it the following documents:", "Experts (CCW/CONF.III/7 – CCW/GGE/XV/6);", "(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.1 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.1);", "(CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.2 – CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.2);", "that Addresses the Humanitarian Concerns Posed by Cluster Munitions (document CCW/CONF.III/WP.1, presented by Austria, Holy See, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and Sweden);", "Chairperson of the Meetings of Military Experts on the work in 2006 on MOTAPM (document CCW/CONF.III/WP.5, presented by Finland);", "protection of civilians from Mines Other Than Anti-Personnel Mines (document CCW/CONF.III/WP.6, submitted by the Russian Federation);", "6. At its final meeting on […] November 2006, the Committee adopted its draft report (CCW/CONF.III/MC.II/CRP.xxx), which is being issued as document CCW/CONF.III/xxx.", "Annex I", "Agenda", "Annex II", "Programme of Work", "Annex III", "[…]" ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Draft report of the Main Committee", "Rule 35 of the rules of procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“The two Main Committees should be established and they should accept the mandate assigned to the Conference and report to the Conference.”", "At its 1st plenary meeting, on 7 November 2006, the Third Review Conference decided to entrust Main Committee II with “Consideration of any proposal for the Convention and its existing Protocols”.", "The present Committee, under the chairmanship of Ambassador Carlos Antonio da Rocha Paranhos of Brazil and Mr. Vladimir Novokhatskiy of the Russian Federation, met in November 2006 [9-15], chaired by the former Chairman of the Committee, who served as Vice-Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Peter Kolarov, Political Affairs Officer of the United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), served as Secretary of the Committee.", "At its first meeting, on 8 November 2006, the Committee adopted its agenda (CCW/CONF.III./5, as orally amended) and its workplan (CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.5-CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.5).", "In its consideration of agenda item 14 entitled “Consideration of any proposals for the Convention and its existing Protocols”, the Committee had before it the following documents:", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.1);", "CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.2);", "At its final meeting, held on [...] November 2006, the Committee adopted the draft report (CCW/CONF.III/MC.II/CRP.xxx), which is being circulated as document CCW/CONF.III/xxx).", "Annex I", "Agenda", "Annex II", "Programme of work", "Annex III", "[]" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "起草委员会报告草稿", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议议事规则第36条规定：", "“1. 应设立一个起草委员会，由在总务委员会中派有代表的国家的代表组成。它应协调起草和编辑会议或某一主要委员会交付给它的所有案文，而不对案文的内容作出更改，并酌情向会议或主要委员会报告。它还应根据会议或某一主要委员会的要求拟订草案，并对起草工作提出建议，但不对任何问题重开实质性的讨论。", "2. 其他国家的代表也可出席起草委员会的会议，并可在讨论同它们特别有关的问题时参加这些讨论。”", "2. 委员会在委员会主席印度贾扬特·普拉萨德大使的主持下，于2006年11月8日至[17]日举行了会议。以色列伊扎克·莱瓦诺大使担任委员会副主席。政治干事班坦·努格罗霍先生担任委员会秘书。", "3. 委员会审议了以下文件草稿：", "4. 委员会协商一致批准了[...]案文，载于本报告附件。", "5. 在2006年11月[17]日最后一次会议上，委员会通过了其报告草稿(CCW/CONF.III/DC/CRP.1)，将以CCW/CONF.III/xxx号文件印发。", "附 件", "[...]" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/DC/CRP.115 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "DRAFT REPORT OF THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE", "1. Rule 36 of the Rules of Procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“1. There shall be a Drafting Committee composed of representatives of the same States which are represented on the General Committee. It shall coordinate the drafting of and edit all texts referred to it by the Conference or by a Main Committee, without altering the substance of the texts, and report to the Conference or to the Main Committee as appropriate. It shall also, without reopening the substantive discussion on any matter, formulate drafts and give advice on drafting as requested by the Conference or a Main Committee.", "2. Representatives of other States may also attend the meetings of the drafting Committee and may participate in its deliberations when matters of particular concern to them are under discussion.”", "2. The Committee held meetings from 8 to [17] November 2006, chaired by Ambassador Jayant Prasad of India, Chairperson of the Committee. Ambassador Itzhak Levanon of Israel served as Vice-Chairperson of the Committee. Mr. Bantan Nugroho, Political Affairs Officer, served as Secretary of the Committee.", "3. The Committee considered the drafts of the following documents:", "4. The Committee approved the texts of […] by consensus, as annexed to this report.", "5. At its last meeting on [17] November 2006, the Committee adopted its draft report (CCW/CONF.III/DC/CRP.1), which is being issued as document CCW/CONF.III/xxx.", "Annex", "[…]" ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Draft report of the Drafting Committee", "Rule 36 of the rules of procedure of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects provides that:", "“1. The Drafting Committee shall be established, composed of representatives of States represented in the General Committee. It should coordinate the drafting and editorial meetings or the delivery of all texts to it by a Main Committee without modifying the content of the text and, where appropriate, report to the Conference or the Main Committee. It should also prepare drafts, at the request of the Conference or a Main Committee, and make recommendations for the drafting process, without further substantive discussion of any issue.", "Representatives of other States may also attend meetings of the Drafting Committee and may participate in these discussions when discussing issues of particular concern to them.”", "The Committee held its meeting from 8 to [17] November 2006, under the chairmanship of Ambassador Jayanth Prasad, India. Ambassador Izak Lewano served as Vice-Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Bantan Ngroho, Political Officer, served as Secretary of the Committee.", "The Committee considered the following draft document:", "The Committee approved, by consensus, the text of the [...] as contained in the present report.", "At its final meeting, on [17] November 2006, the Committee adopted its draft report (CCW/CONF.III/DC/CRP.1), to be issued in CCW/CONF.III/xxx).", "Annex", "[...]" ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "临时议程项目10", "提交政府专家小组的报告", "程序性报告", "《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或 滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》 缔约国政府专家小组", "第十五届会议 2006年8月28日至9月6日，日内瓦", "增 编", "《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力 或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国 第三次审查会议最后文件草案", "1. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将序言部分第1段修正如下：", "回顾1996年第一次审查会议和2001年第二次审查会议先前通过的宣言，", "2. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将序言部分第3段修正如下：", "认识到大多数重大武装冲突属于非国际性冲突，而此种冲突也已通过修正《公约》第一条而纳入《公约》的范围，", "3. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将序言部分第9段修正如下：", "注意到战争遗留爆炸物对平民人口的可预见影响是在适用关于攻击行动的相称性和攻击行动的预防措施的国际人道主义法规则时须考虑的一个因素，", "4. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的序言部分第9段之二如下：", "感谢政府专家小组在讨论处理战争遗留爆炸物问题的方法和手段方面所做的工作，", "5. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的序言部分第9段之三如下：", "承认红十字国际委员会的关键作用，鼓励其继续努力促使更多的国家批准和加入《公约》及其所附议定书，传播其内容并为今后的审查会议和与《公约》及其所附议定书有关的其他会议提供其专门知识，", "6. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将执行部分第1段修正如下：", "承诺按照国际法的准则和原则，尊重并遵行《公约》及其加入的所附议定书的目标和规定，将其作为管制某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器的使用方面具有权威性的国际文书。", "7. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的执行部分第5段如下：", "对在《公约》框架内建立一项赞助方案表示满意。", "8. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的执行部分第9段之二如下：", "对通过关于促进普遍加入《公约》及其所附议定书的行动计划表示满意，", "9. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将执行部分第13段修正如下：", "继续承诺在可行的范围内为征得所在国和/或冲突各当事缔约国的同意执行扫雷任务的人道主义特派团提供协助，尤其是提供己方掌握的、关于特派团执行任务地区一切已知雷场、雷区、地雷、战争遗留爆炸物、诱杀装置和其他装置位置的所有必要资料，", "10. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的执行部分第14段如下：", "决心促请尚未这样做的国家进行审查，以确定是否有任何新的武器、作战手段或方法为国际人道主义法或其他适用的国际法规则所禁止。在这方面，会议注意到，红十字委员会2006年出版了一份关于新的武器、作战手段或方法法律审查的指南。", "11. 在“决定4”中，将该段修正如下：", "通过最后文件第三部分所载的关于促进普遍加入《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》的行动计划。", "12. 在“决定5”中，在括号处插入一个新的段落如下：", "在《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》框架内建立一项赞助方案，如最后文件第三部分所载。", "13. 在“审查”“第五条”中，将第2段修正如下：", "会议特别回顾，该条第3款规定，《公约》所附每项议定书应在20个国家通知愿受该议定书约束之日后6个月开始生效。会议欢迎《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(第五号议定书)于2006年11月12日生效。", "14. 在“审查”“第六条”中，在括号之处插入一个新的段落如下：", "在这方面，会议欢迎在《公约》之下建立一项赞助方案，其目标包括：加强《公约》及其所附议定书的执行，促进中所载规范和原则，支持普遍加入《公约》及其所附议定书，以及增强各缔约国之间在有关《公约》及其所附议定书的问题上进行合作、信息交流和磋商。", "15. 在“审查”“经1996年5月3日修正后的《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》(经修正后的第二号议定书)及议定书的技术附件”中，插入一个新的倒数第二段如下：", "会议回顾技术附件第2款(c)项和第3款(c)项关于推迟遵守的规定，允许缔约国推迟遵守第四条关于杀伤人员地雷可探测性的要求和第5条关于杀伤人员地雷自毁和自失能的要求，有关规定到2007年12月3日到期。", "16. 在“审查”“《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(第五号议定书)及议定书的技术附件”中，将第3段修正如下：", "会议期待着缔约方按照决定受该议定书约束的各国所表示的愿望，根据《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》第10条于2007年召开缔约国会议。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAYBE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7/Amend.1CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7/Amend.115 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Item 10 of the provisional agenda", "Submission of the report of the", "Group of Governmental Experts", "Amendment to document CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7, titled", "PROCEDURAL REPORT", "GROUP OF GOVERNMENTAL EXPERTS OF THE STATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "Fifteenth Session", "Geneva, 28 August – 6 September 2006", "Addendum", "Draft Final Document", "of the Third Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "GE.06-65205", "1. Throughout the text, remove the brackets which contain references to the origin of the texts from the end of all approved paragraphs", "2. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend preambular paragraph 1 to read:", "Recalling the precedent Declarations adopted by the First Review Conference in 1996 and the Second Review Conference in 2001,", "3. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend preambular paragraph 3 to read:", "Recognising that most major armed conflicts are non-international in character, and that such conflicts have been brought within the scope of the Convention by the amendment of Article 1 of the Convention,", "4. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend preambular paragraph 9 to read:", "Noting the foreseeable effects of explosive remnants of war on civilian populations as a factor to be considered in applying the international humanitarian law rules on proportionality in attack and precautions in attack,", "5. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new preambular paragraph 9bis to read:", "Acknowledging the work accomplished by the Group of Governmental Experts in discussing ways and means to address the issue of Explosive Remnants of War,", "6. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new preambular paragraph 9ter to read:", "Recognising the crucial role of the International Committee of the Red Cross and encouraging it to continue to work to facilitate further ratifications and accessions to the Convention and its annexed Protocols, to disseminate their contents and to lend its expertise to future Conferences and other meetings related to the Convention and its annexed Protocols,", "7. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend operative paragraph 1 to read:", "Their commitment to respect and comply, in accordance with the norms and principles of international law, with the objectives and provisions of the Convention and its annexed Protocols to which they are party as an authoritative international instrument governing the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects,", "8. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new operative paragraph 5 to read:", "Their satisfaction at the establishment of the Sponsorship Programme within the framework of the Convention,", "9. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new operative paragraph 9bis to read:", "Their satisfaction at the adoption of the Plan of Action to promote universality of the Convention and its annexed Protocols,", "10. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend operative paragraph 13 to read:", "Their continuing commitment to assist, to the extent feasible, humanitarian demining missions, operating with the consent of the host State and/or the relevant States Parties to the conflict, in particular by providing all necessary information in their possession covering the location of all known minefields, mined areas, mines, explosive remnants of war, booby-traps and other devices in the area in which the mission is performing its functions,", "11. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new operative paragraph 14 to read:", "Their determination to urge States which do not already do so, to conduct reviews to determine whether any new weapon, means or methods of warfare would be prohibited under international humanitarian law or other rules of international law applicable to them. In this context, the Conference notes that the ICRC has published in 2006 a guide to the legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare,", "12. In “Decision 4”, amend the paragraph to read:", "To adopt the Plan of Action to Promote Universality of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as contained in Part III of the Final Document.", "13. In “Decision 5”, insert a new paragraph at the place of the brackets to read:", "To establish a Sponsorship Programme within the framework of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as contained in Part III of the Final Document.", "14. In “Review”, “Article 5”, amend the second paragraph to read:", "The Conference recalls in particular the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article which stipulates that each of the Protocols annexed to the Convention shall enter into force six months after the date by which twenty States have notified their consent to be bound by it. The Conference welcomes the entry into force on 12 November 2006 of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V).", "15. In “Review”, “Article 6”, insert a new paragraph at the place of the brackets to read:", "The Conference, in this context, welcomes the establishment of a Sponsorship Programme under the Convention, aimed at, inter alia, strengthening the implementation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols, promoting the universal observance of the norms and principles enshrined therein, supporting the universalization of the Convention and its annexed Protocols, and enhancing the cooperation, the exchange of information and the consultations among the High Contracting Parties on issues related to the Convention and its annexed Protocols.", "16. In “Review”, “Protocol on Prohibitions and Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on 3 May 1996 (Amended Protocol II) and technical Annex to the Protocol“, insert a new penultimate paragraph to read:", "The Conference recalls that the deferral period, provided for in paragraphs 2 (c) and 3 (c) of the Technical Annex, which allows States Parties to defer compliance with the requirements of Article 4 on detectability of anti-personnel mines and of Article 5 on self-destruction and self-deactivation of anti-personnel mines, will end on 3 December 2007.", "17. In “Review”, “Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) and Technical Annex to the Protocol”, amend the third paragraph to read:", "The Conference looks forward to the Conference of the High Contracting Parties which will be convened in 2007 pursuant to Article 10 of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War, according to the wish expressed by States which have decided to be bound by the Protocol." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Item 10 of the provisional agenda", "Report to the Group of Governmental Experts", "Procedural reports", "Group of Governmental Experts of States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "Fifteenth session Geneva, 28 August-6 September 2006", "Addendum", "Draft Final Document of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "In the second part, the first preambular paragraph was amended as follows:", "Recalling the Declaration adopted by the First Review Conference in 1996 and the Second Review Conference in 2001,", "In the second part, the third preambular paragraph was amended as follows:", "Recognizing that most major armed conflicts fall under non-international conflicts, which have also been incorporated into the scope of the Convention through amendments to article 1 of the Convention,", "In the second part, the ninth preambular paragraph was amended as follows:", "Noting that the foreseeable impact of ERW on the civilian population is a factor to be taken into account in the application of the rules of international humanitarian law on proportionality and preventive measures against attacks,", "In the second part, in the final declaration, insert a new preambular paragraph 9 bis as follows:", "Expressing its appreciation to the Group of Governmental Experts for its work in discussing ways and means to deal with the problem of ERW,", "In the second part, the third preambular paragraph was inserted as follows:", "Acknowledging the crucial role of the International Committee of the Red Cross and encouraging its continued efforts to promote the ratification and accession of more States to the Convention and its annexed Protocols, to disseminate their content and to provide their expertise to future Review Conferences and other meetings relating to the Convention and its annexed Protocols,", "In Part II, paragraph 1 was amended as follows:", "Commitments to respect and comply with the objectives and provisions of the Convention and its annexed Protocols thereto, in accordance with the norms and principles of international law, as an authoritative international instrument for the control of the use of certain conventional arms which may be considered to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to have been deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.", "In Part II, paragraph 5 of a new operative paragraph reads as follows:", "Express satisfaction for the establishment of a sponsoring programme within the framework of the Convention.", "In Part II, paragraph 9 bis was inserted as follows:", "Expressing its satisfaction at the adoption of a plan of action to promote universal adherence to the Convention and its annexed Protocols,", "In Part II, paragraph 13 was amended as follows:", "Continue to commit, within a feasible framework, to assist humanitarian missions with the consent of the host State and/or the parties to the conflict in the implementation of the demining mandate, in particular by providing all necessary information on the location of all known minefields, minefields, ERW, booby traps and other devices in the mission's mandate area,", "In Part II, paragraph 14 of the Final Declaration reads as follows:", "It is determined that States that have not yet done so are urged to review to determine whether any new weapons, means of war or methods are prohibited under international humanitarian law or other applicable rules of international law. In this regard, the Meeting noted that in 2006, ICRC published a guide for a new legal review of weapons, means of war or methods.", "In decision 4, the paragraph was amended as follows:", "Adoption of the action plan for the promotion of universal adherence to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as contained in part III of the Final Document.", "In decision 5, a new paragraph was inserted in brackets as follows:", "A sponsoring programme was established within the framework of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, as contained in part III of the Final Document.", "In “Review” “Article 5”, paragraph 2 was amended as follows:", "In particular, it was recalled that paragraph 3 of that article provided that each of the Protocols annexed to the Convention shall enter into force six months after the date of notification by 20 States of their wish to be bound by the Protocol. The Meeting welcomed the entry into force of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War ( Protocol V) on 12 November 2006.", "In “Review” “Article 6”, a new paragraph was inserted in brackets as follows:", "In this regard, the Conference welcomed the establishment of a sponsoring programme under the Convention, which aims at strengthening the implementation of the Convention and its annexed Protocols, promoting the norms and principles contained therein, supporting universal adherence to the Convention and its annexed Protocols, and enhancing cooperation, information exchange and consultation among States parties on issues relating to the Convention and its annexed Protocols.", "In the “Review” Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices, as amended on 3 May 1996 (Amended Protocol II) and the Technical Annex to the Protocol), insert a new paragraph 2 as follows:", "The Meeting recalled the provisions of paragraphs 2 (c) and 3 (c) of the Technical Annex for deferral of compliance, allowing States parties to defer compliance with article IV requirements on the detection of anti-personnel mines and Article 5 on the self-destruction and self-sufficiency of anti-personnel mines, which expired on 3 December 2007.", "Paragraph 3 was amended to read as follows:", "The Meeting looked forward to the desire expressed by Parties to convene the Conference in 2007 in accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War, in accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于反车辆地雷的宣言", "澳大利亚、加拿大、克罗地亚、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、斯洛文尼亚、美利坚合众国提交", "1. 我们，参加本宣言的每个国家的政府，遗憾地注意到《特定常规武器公约》审查会议未能就1996年5月3日修订的《禁止或限制使用地雷、饵雷和其他装置的议定书》所界定的杀伤人员地雷以外的地雷(称为“非杀伤人员地雷”或“反车辆地雷”)以协商一致达成一项包含有法律约束力的承诺的新的议定书。", "2. 鉴于对这些武器的人道主义影响的关注，我们每个政府拟采取必要步骤，作为国家政策事宜，实行下列做法：", "1. 不在标界区外使用任何不可探测的反车辆地雷。可探测的地雷是指在布设后产生的响应信号相当于8克或8克以上的一整块铁埋在地下5厘米处所产生的信号，并可用通常具备的地雷技术探测设备探测的地雷。标界区是指为了确保将平民有效地排除在外而由军事人员或其他得到授权的人员加以监视或以栅栏或其他手段加以保护的区域。", "2. 不在标界区外使用任何未装有设计并构造成在解除保险后45天内未能自毁的有效雷不超过所有有效雷的10%的自毁装置或自失效装置的反车辆地雷；并且不在标界区外使用任何不具有设计并构造成与自毁装置或自失效装置相结合在解除保险后120天仍有地雷作用的有效雷不超过所有有效雷的1‰的后备自失能特征的反车辆地雷。", "3. 防止将任何反车辆地雷转让给(a)除国家或受权受让的国家机构以外的任何接受方；(b)防止转让不符合本宣言所规定的可探测性和有效寿命标准的此种地雷，但为销毁目的或为探测地雷、清除地雷或销毁地雷的技术开发和培训进行的转让除外；(c)防止将此种地雷转让给任何尚未宣布与本宣言所定相同的政策的国家；以及(d)防止将此种地雷转让给不提具终端用户证书的国家。", "在决定采取这些步骤的国家政府尚未以更严格的做法保护平民免受这些武器潜在影响的情况下，遵循以上做法。", "3. 如未来情况发生变化，并发现似有可能就一项关于反车辆地雷的议定书达成协商一致，我们每个政府拟同其他政府一道，以《特定常规武器公约》协调员过去五年来在这个问题上所开展的工作为基础，再次努力争取达成一项这样的议定书。", "4. 我们每个政府鼓励所有尚未宣布拟实行本宣言所列政策的国家尽快宣布此种意向。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1616 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "DECLARATION ON ANTI-VEHICLE MINES", "Presented by Australia, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia and the United States of America", "1. Each of our governments regrets that the Review Conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) was not in the position to adopt by consensus a new protocol containing legally-binding commitments with respect to mines other than anti-personnel mines as defined in the Protocol on the Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on 3 May 1996 (referred to as “MOTAPM” or anti-vehicle mines).", "2. In view of its concern about the humanitarian impact of these weapons, each of our governments intends to take necessary steps to adopt the following practices as a matter of national policy:", "(i) not to use any anti-vehicle mine outside of a perimeter-marked area if that mine is not detectable. A detectable mine is a mine that provides, upon emplacement, a response signal equivalent to a signal from eight grammes or more of iron in a single coherent mass buried five centimetres beneath the ground and can be detected by commonly-available technical mine detection equipment. A perimeter-marked area is an area that, in order to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians, is monitored by military or other authorized personnel, or protected by fencing or other means.", "(ii) not to use any anti-vehicle mine outside of a perimeter-marked area that does not incorporate a self-destruction or self-neutralization mechanism that is designed and constructed so that no more than ten percent of activated mines fails to self-destruct within forty-five days after arming; and not to use any anti-vehicle mine outside a perimeter-marked area unless it also incorporates a back-up self-deactivation feature that is designed and constructed so that, in combination with the self-destruction or self-neutralization mechanism, no more than one in one thousand activated mines functions as a mine one hundred twenty days after arming.", "(iii) to prevent the transfer of any anti-vehicle mine (a) to any recipient other than a State or State agency authorized to receive it; (b) if it does not meet the detectability and active life standards set out in this declaration, except for the purpose of destruction or for development of and training in mine detection, mine clearance, or mine destruction techniques; (c) to any State that has not stated the same policy that is set out in this declaration; and (d) without an end-user certificate.", "These practices will be followed to the extent that each government deciding to take these steps does not already have in place more stringent practices to protect civilians from the potential impact of these weapons.", "3. If circumstances change in the future, and it appears possible that consensus may be achieved on a protocol on anti-vehicle mines, each of our governments intends to join other governments in renewed efforts to adopt such a protocol, building on the work done on this subject over the last five years by the CCW coordinators.", "4. Each of our governments encourages all States that have not announced an intention to apply the policies set out in this declaration to do so as promptly as possible." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Declaration on anti- vehicle mines", "Australia, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, United States of America", "We note with regret that the CCW Review Conference failed to reach a new protocol containing legally binding commitments, as defined in the Protocol on the Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Mines and Other Devices, as amended on 3 May 1996.", "In the light of concerns about the humanitarian impact of these weapons, each Government intends to take the necessary steps to implement the following practices as a matter of national policy:", "No unprotected anti- vehicle mines are used outside the mark area. Permissionable mines refer to the signals generated after the construction of a response signal that is equivalent to more than 8k or more than 8 grams in the area of 5 cm and mines that are normally available for mine technology detection equipment. The demarcation area means a region that is monitored or protected by military personnel or other authorized personnel to ensure that civilians are effectively excluded.", "The use of any unprotected and unplanned anti- vehicle mines not exceeding 10 per cent of all effective mined self-destruction devices or self-application devices outside the mark area; and the non-use of any anti-personnel mines that are not designed or constructed outside the mark area that would result in an effective mine effect that does not exceed the self-sustainable characteristics of all effective mined mines for 120 days after the removal of the insurance.", "(a) Preventing any transfer of anti- vehicle mines to (a) any recipient other than a State or a State authorized to be granted; (b) preventing the transfer of such mines that are not in compliance with the detectability and effective life standards set out in the present Declaration, except for the transfer of technologies and training for the detection, clearance or destruction of mines; (c) preventing the transfer of such mines to any State that has not yet declared the same policy as those set forth in the present Declaration; and (d) preventing the transfer of such mines to a State that does not produce end-user certificates.", "In cases where Governments that have decided to take these steps have not yet done so in a more rigorous manner to protect civilians from the potential impact of such weapons, they follow the above approach.", "If future circumstances change, and it may be possible to reach a consensus on a protocol on anti-vehicle mines, each Government, together with other Governments, intends to work again towards a protocol based on the work carried out by the Coordinator of the CCW on this issue over the past five years.", "Each Government encourages all States that have not yet announced the policies set out in the present Declaration to declare such intentions as soon as possible." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "临时议程项目13", "审议任何关于《公约》及其现有议定书的提案", "关于遵约的决定草案 [1]", "候任主席提出", "修 正", "关于《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分 伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》 适用的遵约机制的决定", "1. 在第一部分中，将第1段改为：", "为了确保遵守，各缔约方承诺，针对与履行其法律义务有关的任何关注，或为解决在《公约》及对缔约方具有约束力的任何所附议定书条款的解释和适用上可能产生的任何问题而通过双边方式、联合国秘书长或其他自愿国际程序彼此进行协商与合作。", "2. 在第一部分中，将第3段改为：", "会议的参加将比照适用第三次审查会议的议事规则行事。", "3. 第一部分第6段：", "中文本无须改动。", "4. 在第二部分中，将第7段改为：", "每一缔约方将采取一切适当步骤，包括所需的立法及其他措施，以防止和制止其管辖或控制下的个人违反《公约》及对该缔约方具有约束力的任何所附议定书或在其管辖或控制下的领土上违反《公约》及对该缔约方具有约束力的任何所附议定书。", "5. 在第二部分中，将第9段改为：", "每一缔约方还将要求其武装部队发布有关的军事指令和作业程序，并要求武装部队人员接受与其任务和职责相称的培训，以期遵守《公约》及对该缔约方具有约束力的任何所附议定书的规定。", "6. 在第二部分中，将第10段改为：", "为此建立一个专家人才库。每一缔约方可就《公约》所附每项议定书提名一位专家，供列入人才库。任何列入人才库的专家均应具有公认的公正性和得到承认的技术、法律或其他适当才能。", "7. 第二部分第12段：", "中文本无须改动。", "8. 在第二部分中，将第13段改为：", "为此目的，请秘书长应此种请求与提出请求的缔约方协商，在个案基础上，从人才库中挑选一名或一组专家来审议本决定第二部分第12段所指的任何关注。在挑选专家时，秘书长应特别考虑专家的恰当才能以及公平地域分配。", "9. 在第二部分中，将第14段改为：", "选定的专家应以个人身份履行其职责。", "10. 第二部分第16段：", "中文本无须改动。", "11. 第二部分第17段：", "中文本无须改动。", "[1] 对本提案的前一版本(载于CCW/GGE/XV/2/Rev.2)所作的修改以下划线表示。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/8/Amend.116 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Item 13 of the provisional agenda", "Consideration of any proposal for", "the Convention and its existing Protocols", "DRAFT DECISION ON COMPLIANCE[1]", "Presented by the President-designate", "Amendment", "DECISION ON A COMPLIANCE MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "1. In Part I, amend paragraph 1 to read:", "With a view of ensuring compliance the High Contracting Parties undertake to consult each other and to co-operate with each other bilaterally, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, or through other voluntary international procedures, regarding any concerns which relate to the fulfilment of their legal obligations or to resolve any issue that may arise with regard to the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Convention and any of its annexed Protocols by which they are bound.", "2. In Part I, amend paragraph 3 to read:", "Participation in the Meeting will be determined following the Rules of Procedure of the Third Review Conference, applied mutatis mutandis.", "3. In Part I, amend paragraph 6 to read:", "The cost of the Meeting of the High Contracting Parties is to be borne by the High Contracting Parties and States not parties participating in the work of the Meeting, in accordance with the United Nations scale of assessment adjusted appropriately.", "4. In Part II, amend paragraph 7 to read:", "Each High Contracting Party will take all appropriate steps, including legislative and other measures, as required, to prevent and suppress violations of the Convention and any of its annexed Protocols by which it is bound by persons or on territory under its jurisdiction or control.", "5. In Part II, amend paragraph 9 to read:", "Each High Contracting Party will also require that its armed forces issue relevant military instructions and operating procedures and that armed forces personnel receive training commensurate with their duties and responsibilities to comply with the provisions of the Convention and any of its annexed Protocols by which it is bound.", "6. In Part II, amend paragraph 10 to read:", "A pool of experts is hereby established. Each High Contracting Party may provide one expert per each of the annexed Protocols to the Convention to be included into the pool. Any expert included in the pool shall be of acknowledged impartiality and recognized technical, legal or other appropriate competence.", "7. In Part II, amend paragraph 12 to read:", "Any High Contracting Party may seek assistance from the pool of experts regarding any concerns which relates to the fulfilment of its own legal obligations under the provisions of the Convention and any of its annexed Protocols by which it is bound.", "8. In Part II, amend paragraph 13 to read:", "For that purpose, the Secretary-General is invited to select, upon such request and in consultation with the requesting High Contracting Party concerned and on a case by case basis, an expert or a group of experts from the pool, who will consider any concern mentioned in paragraph 12 of Part II of this Decision. In the selection of experts the Secretary-General shall give particular consideration to their appropriate competence, as well as to equitable geographical distribution.", "9. In Part II, amend paragraph 14 to read:", "The expert or experts selected shall fulfil their duties in their personal capacity.", "10. In Part II, amend paragraph 16 to read:", "The costs of the work undertaken and expertise conducted by the expert or experts selected are to be borne by the High Contracting Party concerned or through voluntary contributions.", "11. In Part II, amend paragraph 17 to read:", "The provisions contained in this Decision are without prejudice to any possible future provisions on compliance to be decided upon by the High Contracting Parties.", "[1] Amendments to the previous version of this proposal (as contained in CCW/GGE/XV/2/Rev.2) appear underlined." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Item 13 of the provisional agenda", "Consideration of any proposals for the Convention and its existing Protocols", "Draft decision on compliance", "Submitted by the President-Designate", "Amendments", "Decisions on compliance mechanisms applicable to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "In Part I, paragraph 1 should be replaced with:", "In order to ensure compliance, the Parties undertake to consult and cooperate with each other, through bilateral means, the Secretary-General of the United Nations or other voluntary international procedures, with respect to any concerns relating to the fulfilment of their legal obligations or any issues that may arise in the interpretation and application of the provisions of the Convention and any annexed Protocols binding on Parties.", "In part I, paragraph 3 should be replaced with:", "The participation of the Conference will be subject to the rules of procedure of the Third Review Conference, mutatis mutandis.", "Paragraph 6 of Part I:", "The Chinese text is not subject to change.", "In part two, paragraph 7 should be replaced with:", "Each Party shall take all appropriate steps, including the required legislation and other measures, to prevent and suppress violations of the Convention by individuals under its jurisdiction or control or of any annexed Protocols binding on that Party or in the territories under its jurisdiction or control, in violation of the Convention and any annexed Protocols binding on that Party.", "In part two, paragraph 9 was replaced with the following:", "Each High Contracting Party will also require its armed forces to issue relevant military directives and operational procedures, and the personnel of the armed forces are required to receive training commensurate with their mandates and responsibilities, with a view to complying with the Convention and any accompanying Protocol binding on that Party.", "In part two, paragraph 10 was replaced with the following:", "To that end, an expert pool was established. Each Party may nominate an expert for inclusion in the talent pool for each of the Protocols annexed to the Convention. Any expert included in the talent pool shall have recognized impartiality and recognized technical, legal or other appropriate means.", "Paragraph 12 of Part Two:", "The Chinese text is not subject to change.", "In part two, paragraph 13 was replaced with the following:", "To this end, the Secretary-General is requested to select, on a case-by-case basis, a or a group of experts from the talent pool to consider any concerns referred to in paragraph 12 of part two of the present decision. In selecting experts, the Secretary-General should give special consideration to the appropriateness of experts and equitable geographical distribution.", "In part two, paragraph 14 was replaced with the following:", "The selected experts shall discharge their duties in their personal capacity.", "Paragraph 16 of Part Two:", "The Chinese text is not subject to change.", "Paragraph 17 of Part Two:", "The Chinese text is not subject to change.", "The following lines were indicated in the previous version of the proposal (see CCW/GGE/XV/2/Rev.2)." ]

[ "2011年12月22日大会决议", "[根据第二委员会的报告(A/66/449)通过]", "66/225. 包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的巴勒斯坦人民和被占领叙利亚戈兰的阿拉伯居民对其自然资源的永久主权", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月20日第65/179号决议，并表示注意到经济及社会理事会2011年7月28日第2011/41号决议，", "又回顾其2004年5月6日第58/292号和2004年12月22日第59/251号决议，", "重申外国占领下的人民对其自然资源享有永久主权的原则，", "遵循《联合国宪章》各项原则，申明不容许以武力获取领土，并回顾安全理事会相关决议，包括1967年11月22日第242(1967)号、1980年3月1日第465(1980)号和1981年12月17日第497(1981)号决议，", "回顾其1970年10月24日第2625(XXV)号决议，", "重申1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[1] 适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和以色列自1967年以来占领的其他阿拉伯领土，", "在这方面回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》[2] 和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》，² 并申明在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰内必须遵守这些人权文书，", "又回顾2004年7月9日国际法院发表的关于“在被占领巴勒斯坦领土修建隔离墙的法律后果”的咨询意见，[3] 还回顾大会2004年7月20日ES-10/15号决议和2006年12月15日ES-10/17号决议，", "关切占领国以色列开采包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和以色列自1967年以来占领的其他阿拉伯领土的自然资源，", "严重关切占领国以色列大规模毁坏巴勒斯坦被占领土内的农地和果园，包括将许多果树连根拔起和毁坏许多农场和温室，并严重关切由此产生的严重环境和经济影响，", "关切占领国以色列在巴勒斯坦被占领土，特别是近期在加沙地带对包括水管和污水网络在内的重要基础设施造成的广泛破坏，除其他外，污染了环境并对巴勒斯坦人民的供水和其他自然资源产生不利影响，", "在这方面表示注意到联合国环境规划署2009年发表的关于加沙地带严重环境状况的报告，[4] 强调指出必须对报告所载建议采取后续行动，", "意识到以色列定居点对巴勒斯坦和其他阿拉伯自然资源造成的有害影响，特别是没收土地和强行改变水资源流向造成的有害影响，以及在这方面所造成的严峻的社会经济后果，", "又意识到占领国以色列在巴勒斯坦被占领土，包括东耶路撒冷及其四周非法修建隔离墙对巴勒斯坦自然资源造成的有害影响，以及对巴勒斯坦人民经济及社会状况的严重影响，", "重申需要以安全理事会第242(1967)号、1973年10月22日第338(1973)号、1978年3月19日第425(1978)号和2002年3月12日第1397(2002)号决议、土地换和平的原则、阿拉伯和平倡议[5] 以及安全理事会2003年11月19日第1515(2003)号决议赞同和安理会2008年12月16日第1850(2008)号决议支持的基于表现的以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突永久性两国解决方案四方路线图[6] 为基础，在中东和平进程范围内恢复并加速推进谈判，以便在所有轨道达成最后解决办法，", "注意到以色列已从加沙地带和西岸北部一些地区撤出以及根据路线图拆除那里的定居点的重要性，在这方面呼吁遵守路线图为以色列规定的各项义务，冻结定居活动，包括冻结所谓的“自然增长”，并拆除自2001年3月以来建立的所有前沿定居点，", "强调指出需要尊重和维护包括东耶路撒冷在内的全部巴勒斯坦被占领土的领土统一、毗连和完整，", "回顾需要结束一切暴力行为，包括恐怖、挑衅、煽动和破坏行为，", "表示注意到秘书长的说明，其中转递西亚经济社会委员会编写的关于以色列的占领对包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的巴勒斯坦人民和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的阿拉伯居民生活条件造成的经济和社会影响的报告，[7]", "1. 重申巴勒斯坦人民和被占领的叙利亚戈兰居民对其自然资源，包括土地、水和能源享有不可剥夺的权利；", "2. 要求占领国以色列停止开采、破坏、损耗或用尽和危害包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的自然资源；", "3. 确认对于因占领国以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土采取非法措施而造成的对巴勒斯坦人民自然资源的任何开采、破坏、损耗或用尽或危害，巴勒斯坦人民都有权要求赔偿，并希望此问题在巴勒斯坦和以色列双方之间的最后地位谈判框架内予以解决；", "4. 强调指出以色列在巴勒斯坦被占领土，包括东耶路撒冷及其周围修建隔离墙和定居点，违反国际法，严重剥夺巴勒斯坦人民的自然资源，为此要求完全履行国际法院2004年7月9日咨询意见³ 和包括大会ES-10/15号决议在内的联合国有关决议确认的法律义务；", "5. 促请占领国以色列在有关改变包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土的性质和地位方面，严格遵守国际法包括国际人道主义法规定的义务；", "6. 又促请占领国以色列停止一切对环境有害的行动，包括停止将各种废料倾弃在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰，因为这种做法严重威胁到其自然资源，即水和土地资源，并对平民造成环境、卫生和健康威胁；", "7. 还促请以色列停止破坏包括水管和污水网络在内的重要基础设施，这种做法除其他外对巴勒斯坦人民的自然资源产生了不利影响；", "8. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，包括说明以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土和在被占领的叙利亚戈兰开采、破坏和用尽自然资源的累积影响，并决定在大会第六十七届会议临时议程中，列入题为“包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的巴勒斯坦人民和被占领叙利亚戈兰的阿拉伯居民对其自然资源的永久主权”的项目。", "2011年12月22日", "第91次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在被占领巴勒斯坦领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[4] 《加沙地带2008年12月至2009年1月敌对行动升级后的环境评估》(联合国出版物， 出售品编号：E.09.III.D.30)。", "[5] A/56/1026-S/2002/932，附件二，第14/221号决议。", "[6] S/2003/529，附件。", "[7] A/66/78-E/2011/13。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/66/449)]", "66/225. Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/179 of 20 December 2010, and taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/41 of 28 July 2011,", "Recalling also its resolutions 58/292 of 6 May 2004 and 59/251 of 22 December 2004,", "Reaffirming the principle of the permanent sovereignty of peoples under foreign occupation over their natural resources,", "Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, affirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, and recalling relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980 and 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981,", "Recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970,", "Reaffirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[1] to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967,", "Recalling, in this regard, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[2] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,² and affirming that these human rights instruments must be respected in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, as well as in the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Recalling also the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,[3] and recalling further its resolutions ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES‑10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Expressing its concern about the exploitation by Israel, the occupying Power, of the natural resources of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967,", "Expressing its grave concern about the extensive destruction by Israel, the occupying Power, of agricultural land and orchards in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including the uprooting of a vast number of fruit-bearing trees and the destruction of farms and greenhouses, and the grave environmental and economic impact in this regard,", "Expressing its concern about the widespread destruction caused by Israel, the occupying Power, to vital infrastructure, including water pipelines and sewage networks, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, in particular in the Gaza Strip in the recent period, which, inter alia, pollutes the environment and negatively affects the water supply and other natural resources of the Palestinian people,", "Taking note, in this regard, of the 2009 report by the United Nations Environment Programme regarding the grave environmental situation in the Gaza Strip,[4] and stressing the need for follow-up to the recommendations contained therein,", "Aware of the detrimental impact of the Israeli settlements on Palestinian and other Arab natural resources, especially as a result of the confiscation of land and the forced diversion of water resources, and of the dire socioeconomic consequences in this regard,", "Aware also of the detrimental impact on Palestinian natural resources being caused by the unlawful construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, and of its grave effect as well on the economic and social conditions of the Palestinian people,", "Reaffirming the need for the resumption and accelerated advancement of negotiations within the Middle East peace process, on the basis of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978 and 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative[5] and the Quartet performance-based road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[6] as endorsed by the Security Council in its resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003 and supported by the Council in its resolution 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008, for the achievement of a final settlement on all tracks,", "Noting the Israeli withdrawal from within the Gaza Strip and parts of the northern West Bank and the importance of the dismantlement of settlements therein in the context of the road map, and calling in this regard for respect of the road map obligation upon Israel to freeze settlement activity, including so-called “natural growth”, and to dismantle all settlement outposts erected since March 2001,", "Stressing the need for respect and preservation of the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Recalling the need to end all acts of violence, including acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction,", "Taking note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report prepared by the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia on the economic and social repercussions of the Israeli occupation on the living conditions of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan,[7]", "1. Reaffirms the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people and of the population of the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources, including land, water and energy resources;", "2. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease the exploitation, damage, cause of loss or depletion, and endangerment of the natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan;", "3. Recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to claim restitution as a result of any exploitation, damage, loss or depletion, or endangerment of their natural resources resulting from illegal measures taken by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and expresses the hope that this issue will be dealt with within the framework of the final status negotiations between the Palestinian and Israeli sides;", "4. Stresses that the wall and settlements being constructed by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, are contrary to international law and are seriously depriving the Palestinian people of their natural resources, and calls in this regard for full compliance with the legal obligations affirmed in the 9 July 2004 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice³ and in relevant United Nations resolutions, including General Assembly resolution ES‑10/15;", "5. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, with respect to the alteration of the character and status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "6. Also calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to cease all actions harming the environment, including the dumping of all kinds of waste materials in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, which gravely threaten their natural resources, namely water and land resources, and which pose an environmental, sanitation and health threat to the civilian populations;", "7. Further calls upon Israel to cease its destruction of vital infrastructure, including water pipelines and sewage networks, which, inter alia, has a negative impact on the natural resources of the Palestinian people;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution, including with regard to the cumulative impact of the exploitation, damage and depletion by Israel of natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources”.", "91st plenary meeting 22 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[4]  Environmental Assessment of the Gaza Strip following the Escalation of Hostilities in December 2008‑January 2009 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.09.III.D.30).", "[5]  A/56/1026‑S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221.", "[6]  S/2003/529, annex.", "[7]  A/66/78‑E/2011/13." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2011", "[on the report of the Second Committee (A/64/449)]", "Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/279 of 20 December 2010, and taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/41 of 28 July 2011,", "Recalling also its resolutions 58/292 of 6 May 2004 and 59/251 of 22 December 2004,", "Reaffirming the principle of the permanent sovereignty of the people under foreign occupation over their natural resources,", "Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, affirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, and recalling relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980 and 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981,", "Recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970,", "Reaffirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967,", "Recalling in this regard the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [2] and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,2 and affirming the importance of those human rights instruments in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Recalling also the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004 on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, [3] further recalling General Assembly resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Concerned about the exploitation by Israel, the occupying Power, of the natural resources of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967,", "Gravely concerned about the large-scale destruction of farmland and fruit parks in the Occupied Palestinian Territory by Israel, the occupying Power, including the uprooting of many fruit trees and the destruction of many farms and rooms, and expressing grave concern about the resulting serious environmental and economic impacts,", "Concerned about the widespread damage caused by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, in particular in the recent Gaza Strip to important infrastructure, including water management and sewage networks, which, inter alia, contaminated the environment and adversely affect the water and other natural resources of the Palestinian people,", "Taking note in this regard of the report of the United Nations Environment Programme on the grave environmental situation in the Gaza Strip issued in 2009, [4] stressing the need for follow-up on the recommendations contained therein,", "Aware of the detrimental impact of Israeli settlements on Palestinian and other Arab natural resources, in particular the harmful effects of confiscation of land and forced changes in the flow of water resources, and of the dire socio-economic consequences in this regard,", "Aware also of the detrimental impact of the illegal construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its four weeks, on Palestinian natural resources, and of the grave impact on the economic and social situation of the Palestinian people,", "Reaffirming the need for the resumption of the Middle East peace process, in accordance with Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978 and 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative [5], and Security Council resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, and the performance-based road map of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, supported by the Council in its resolution 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008,", "Taking note of the importance of the withdrawal of Israel from some parts of the Gaza Strip and the northern West Bank and the dismantling of the settlements there under the road map, and in this regard calls for compliance with the obligations set out in the road map for Israel, the freezing of settlement activities, including the so-called “natural growth”, and the dismantling of all previous settlements established since March 2001,", "Stressing the need to respect and preserve the unity, contiguousness and integrity of the territory of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Recalling the need to end all acts of violence, including acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction,", "Taking note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia on the economic and social repercussions of the Israeli occupation on the living conditions of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan, [7]", "Reaffirms the inalienable right of the Palestinian people and the population of the occupied Syrian Golan to their natural resources, including land, water and energy;", "Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease the exploitation, destruction, depletion or depletion of and endanger the natural resources of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "Acknowledges the right of the Palestinian people to claim compensation for any exploitation, damage, depletion or depletion of or damage to the natural resources of the Palestinian people resulting from the illegal measures taken by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and expresses its hope that this issue will be addressed within the framework of the final status negotiations between the Palestinian and Israeli sides;", "Stresses that Israel's construction and settlement in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its surroundings, violates international law and severely deprives the Palestinian people of its natural resources, and in this regard calls for full compliance with the legal obligations recognized by the International Court of Justice in its advisory opinion of 9 July 20043 and relevant United Nations resolutions, including General Assembly resolution ES-10/15;", "Urges Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, with regard to changing the character and status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "Also urges Israel, the occupying Power, to cease all actions harmful to the environment, including the cessation of the dumping of all wastes into the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan, which seriously threaten their natural resources, namely water and land resources, and pose environmental, health and health threats to civilians;", "Further urges Israel to put an end to the destruction of vital infrastructure, including water management and sewage networks, which, inter alia, negatively affect the natural resources of the Palestinian people;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution, including the cumulative impact of Israel on the exploitation, destruction and exhaustion of natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources”.", "22 December 2011", "91th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion”, Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[4] Environmental assessment following the escalation of hostilities in the Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.09.III.D.30).", "[5] A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221.", "[6] S/2003/529, annex.", "[7] A/66/78-Ench 13." ]

[ "2011年12月23日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.32和Add.1)]", "66/226. 为了和平而促进宗教间和文化间的对话、了解与合作", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》和《世界人权宣言》[1] 所载的宗旨和原则，尤其是享有思想、良心和宗教自由的权利，", "回顾其关于为了和平而促进宗教间和文化间的对话、了解与合作的2010年12月16日第65/138号决议及其他相关决议，[2]", "又回顾其关于不同文明联盟的2009年11月10日第64/14号决议，其中大会欢迎努力增进来自不同文明、文化和宗教的人民之间的理解与尊重，", "铭记宗教间和文化间对话在促进认识和了解全人类共同分享的价值观念方面可以作出宝贵贡献，", "注意到宗教间和文化间对话已经为相互了解、容忍、尊重和促进和平以及改善不同文化和宗教背景的人民之间和各国之间的总体关系作出重大贡献，", "确认文化多样性以及所有民族和国家寻求文化发展，是人类相互丰富文化生活的源泉，", "强调文化促进发展对实现千年发展目标来说至关重要，就此注意到文化多样性、对话与发展之间的密切联系，", "注意到国家、区域和国际各级采取的旨在加强不同宗教、文化和文明间的对话、了解与合作的各种举措，这些举措是相辅相成和相互关联的，", "欣见在沙特阿拉伯阿卜杜拉国王的倡导下，遵照《世界人权宣言》所载的宗旨和原则，在维也纳设立了阿卜杜拉•本•阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王宗教间和文化间对话国际中心，并确认期待该中心作为加强宗教间和文化间对话的论坛发挥重要作用，", "确认2001年《世界文化多样性宣言》[3] 十周年，欣见2010年纪念国际文化和睦年活动以及联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第三十六届会议宣布国际文化和睦十年(2013-2022年)，[4]", "鼓励开展旨在促进宗教间和文化间对话的活动，以加强不同社区的社会稳定，尊重多样性和相互尊重，并在全球一级，同时也在区域、国家和地方各级，创造一个有利于和平与相互了解的环境，", "确认媒体和新的信息与通信技术有助于改变人们对不同文化和宗教的看法，包括通过促进对话来改变看法，", "重申必须继续开展工作，推动所有利益攸关方，包括作为相关行为体的男女青年，在各级相关举措范围内参加宗教间和文化间对话，以挑战各种成见并增进相互了解，", "确认所有宗教都追求和平，一切宗教信仰中主张温和者都应携起手来，共建一个更安全和平的世界，", "1. 重申相互了解及宗教间和文化间对话是不同文明间对话与和平文化的重要组成部分；", "2. 表示注意到秘书长关于文化间、宗教间和文明间的对话的报告；[5]", "3. 注意到联合国教育、科学及文化组织就文化间和宗教间对话持续开展的工作，为促进不同文明、文化和民族间对话所作的努力以及就和平文化开展的相关活动，尤其欢迎该组织通过了新的关于和平与非暴力文化行动纲领，并注重在全球、区域和次区域各级采取具体行动；", "4. 重申所有国家郑重承诺，根据《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》¹ 以及其他有关人权和国际法的文书履行义务，推动普遍尊重、信守和保护所有人的所有人权和基本自由，因为这些权利和自由的普遍性不容置疑；", "5. 欢迎媒体为促进宗教间和文化间对话所作努力，鼓励进一步促进来自所有文化和文明的媒体开展对话，强调人人享有言论自由的权利，并重申行使这一权利附带特别的义务和责任，因此可能会受到某些限制，但这些限制只应限于法律所规定，而且是尊重他人权利或名誉、保护国家安全或公共秩序、或者保护公共健康或道德所必需；", "6. 又欢迎利用信息和通信技术，包括互联网，推动宗教间和文化间对话，就此赞赏地肯定不结盟国家运动依照2010年3月16日至18日在马尼拉举行的不同信仰间对话与合作促进和平与发展不结盟运动部长级特别会议上所做的承诺，建立宗教间对话电子门户网站；", "7. 鼓励会员国酌情考虑那些能确定有哪些领域可在社会所有部门和阶层采取实际行动以促进宗教间和文化间对话、宽容、了解与合作的举措，尤其是2007年10月4日和5日在纽约举行的为了和平促进宗教间和文化间了解与合作高级别对话期间提出的构想，包括增进世界宗教间对话的构想；", "8. 吁请会员国酌情在适用时考虑将宗教间和文化间对话作为努力实现和平及全面实现千年发展目标的一个重要工具；", "9. 确认有关利益攸关方努力推动对宗教和文化多样性的尊重，促进社会内部和平与和谐共处，包括促成社会各阶层之间长期进行有力的互动；", "10. 肯定联合国系统积极协同信仰组织促进宗教间和文化间对话，并促使不同信仰的人一起共同探讨共有的问题和目标；", "11. 又肯定民间社会，包括学术界，在推动宗教间和文化间对话方面的作用，并鼓励支持以切实措施调动民间社会，包括加强合作的能力、机遇和框架；", "12. 邀请会员国进一步促进和解，包括通过采取和解措施和服务行动以及鼓励人与人之间的宽恕和同情，帮助确保持久和平与持续发展；", "13. 确认秘书处经济和社会事务部经济及社会理事会支助和协调办公室作为秘书处内这一问题的协调单位发挥着宝贵作用，并鼓励该办公室继续与联合国系统相关实体进行互动和协调，同时协调它们对政府间进程的贡献；", "14. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议的执行情况。", "2011年12月23日", "第92次全体会议", "[1] 第217 A(III)号决议。", "[2] 大会宣布《消除基于宗教或信仰原因的一切形式不容忍和歧视宣言》的第36/55号，关于不同文明对话全球议程的第56/6号，关于2001-2010世界儿童和平非暴力文化国际十年的第57/6号，关于预防武装冲突的第57/337号，关于促进宗教和文化了解、和谐与合作的第58/128号，关于促进宗教间对话的第59/23号，关于2009国际和解年的第61/17号，关于人权与文化多样性的第62/155号，关于2001-2010世界儿童和平非暴力文化国际十年的第63/113号，关于消除基于宗教或信仰原因的一切形式的不容忍和歧视的第63/181号，关于为了和平而促进宗教间和文化间的对话、了解与合作的第64/81号和关于世界不同信仰间和谐周的第65/5号决议。", "[3] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第三十一届会议，2001年10月15日至11月3日，巴黎》，第一卷：《决议》，第五章，决议25，附件一。", "[4] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第三十六届会议，2011年10月25日至11月10日，巴黎》，第一卷和更正：《决议》，第五章，决议40。", "[5] A/66/280。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.32 and Add.1)]", "66/226. Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] in particular the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion,", "Recalling its resolution 65/138 of 16 December 2010, on the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace and its other related resolutions,[2]", "Recalling also its resolution 64/14 of 10 November 2009, on the Alliance of Civilizations, in which it welcomed efforts to promote greater understanding and respect among people from different civilizations, cultures and religions,", "Bearing in mind the valuable contribution that interreligious and intercultural dialogue can make to an improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind,", "Noting that interreligious and intercultural dialogue has made significant contributions to mutual understanding, tolerance and respect, as well as to the promotion of a culture of peace and an improvement of overall relations among people from different cultural and religious backgrounds and among nations,", "Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by all peoples and nations are sources of mutual enrichment for the cultural life of humankind,", "Emphasizing the importance of culture for development in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, and in this regard noting the close links between cultural diversity, dialogue and development,", "Noting the various initiatives at the national, regional and international levels for enhancing dialogue, understanding and cooperation among religions, cultures and civilizations, which are mutually reinforcing and interrelated,", "Welcoming the establishment of the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue in Vienna, initiated by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, on the basis of the purposes and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and acknowledging the important role that the Centre is expected to play as a platform for the enhancement of interreligious and intercultural dialogue,", "Acknowledging the tenth anniversary of the 2001 Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity,[3] and welcoming the commemoration of the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures in 2010 and the proclamation by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty-sixth session of an international decade for the rapprochement of cultures (2013–2022),[4]", "Encouraging activities aimed at promoting interreligious and intercultural dialogue in order to enhance social stability, respect for diversity and mutual respect in diverse communities and to create, at the global level, and also at the regional, national and local levels, an environment conducive to peace and mutual understanding,", "Recognizing the contributions of the media and of new information and communications technology to changing peoples’ perceptions of different cultures and religions, including through the promotion of dialogue,", "Reaffirming the importance of sustaining the process of engaging all stakeholders, including young men and women as relevant actors, in interreligious and intercultural dialogue within the appropriate initiatives at various levels which aims to challenge preconceived ideas and improve mutual understanding,", "Recognizing the commitment of all religions to peace and the need for voices of moderation from all religions and beliefs to work together in order to build a more secure and peaceful world,", "1. Reaffirms that mutual understanding and interreligious and intercultural dialogue constitute important dimensions of the dialogue among civilizations and of the culture of peace;", "2. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on intercultural, interreligious and intercivilizational dialogue;[5]", "3. Notes the continuing work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on intercultural and interreligious dialogue and its efforts to promote dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, as well as activities related to a culture of peace, and welcomes in particular the adoption of its new programme of action for a culture of peace and non-violence and its focus on concrete actions at the global, regional and subregional levels;", "4. Reaffirms the solemn commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations to promote universal respect for, and observance and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights¹ and other instruments relating to human rights and international law, the universal nature of these rights and freedoms being beyond question;", "5. Welcomes the efforts by the media to promote interreligious and intercultural dialogue, encourages the further promotion of dialogue among the media from all cultures and civilizations, emphasizes that everyone has the right to freedom of expression, and reaffirms that the exercise of this right carries with it special duties and responsibilities and may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but that these shall be only such as are provided by law and necessary for respect of the rights or reputations of others, protection of national security or of public order, or of public health or morals;", "6. Also welcomes the efforts to use information and communications technology, including the Internet, to promote interreligious and intercultural dialogue, and in this regard acknowledges with appreciation the establishment by the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries of the Interfaith Dialogue e-Portal pursuant to commitments made during the Special Non-Aligned Movement Ministerial Meeting on Interfaith Dialogue and Cooperation for Peace and Development, held in Manila from 16 to 18 March 2010;", "7. Encourages Member States to consider, as and where appropriate, initiatives that identify areas for practical action in all sectors and levels of society for the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, tolerance, understanding and cooperation, inter alia, the ideas suggested during the High-level Dialogue on Interreligious and Intercultural Understanding and Cooperation for Peace, held in New York on 4 and 5 October 2007, including the idea of an enhanced process of dialogue among world religions;", "8. Calls upon Member States to consider, as appropriate and where applicable, interreligious and intercultural dialogue as an important tool in efforts aimed at achieving peace and the full realization of the Millennium Development Goals;", "9. Recognizes the efforts by relevant stakeholders to foster peaceful and harmonious coexistence within societies by promoting respect for religious and cultural diversity, including by engendering sustained and robust interaction among various segments of society;", "10. Acknowledges the active engagement of the United Nations system with faith-based organizations in the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue and in bringing together people of different faiths to discuss common issues and objectives;", "11. Also acknowledges the important role of civil society, including academia, in fostering interreligious and intercultural dialogue, and encourages support for practical measures that mobilize civil society, including building capacities, opportunities and frameworks for cooperation;", "12. Invites Member States to further promote reconciliation to help to ensure durable peace and sustained development, including through reconciliatory measures and acts of service and by encouraging forgiveness and compassion among individuals;", "13. Recognizes that the Office for Economic and Social Council Support and Coordination in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat plays a valuable role as focal point within the Secretariat on the issue, and encourages it to continue to interact and coordinate with the relevant entities of the United Nations system and coordinate their contribution to the intergovernmental process;", "14. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "92nd plenary meeting 23 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Resolutions 36/55, by which it proclaimed the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, 56/6, on the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations, 57/6 on the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non‑Violence for the Children of the World, 2001–2010, 57/337, on the prevention of armed conflict, 58/128, on the promotion of religious and cultural understanding, harmony and cooperation, 59/23, on the promotion of interreligious dialogue, 61/17, on the International Year of Reconciliation, 2009, 62/155, on human rights and cultural diversity, 63/113, on the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001–2010, 63/181, on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief, 64/81, on the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace, and 65/5, on World Interfaith Harmony Week.", "[3]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[4]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty-sixth Session, Paris, 25 October–10 November 2011, vol. 1 and corrigenda, Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 40.", "[5]  A/66/280." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.32 and Add.1)]", "Promotion of inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in particular the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion,", "Recalling its resolution 63/238 of 16 December 2010 on the promotion of inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace, and other relevant resolutions, [2]", "Recalling also its resolution 64/14 of 10 November 2009 on the Alliance of Civilizations, in which the General Assembly welcomed efforts to promote understanding and respect among peoples from civilizations, cultures and religions,", "Bearing in mind the valuable contribution that inter-religious and intercultural dialogue can make in promoting awareness and understanding of the values shared by all humankind,", "Noting that inter-religious and intercultural dialogue has made a significant contribution to the overall relationship among and among peoples of mutual understanding, tolerance, respect and promotion of peace and the improvement of cultural and religious backgrounds,", "Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by all peoples and nations are a source of rich cultural life for humanity,", "Emphasizing that cultural development is essential for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, noting in this regard the close links between cultural diversity, dialogue and development,", "Noting the various initiatives undertaken at the national, regional and international levels aimed at strengthening dialogue, understanding and cooperation among religions, cultures and civilizations, which are complementary and interrelated,", "Welcoming the establishment, at the initiative of King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia, of the International Centre for Inter-religious and Intercultural Dialogue among King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz in Vienna, in accordance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and recognizing that the Centre is expected to play an important role as a forum for strengthening inter-religious and intercultural dialogue,", "Recognizing the tenth anniversary of the 2001 World Declaration on Cultural Diversity [3], welcoming the celebration of the Year of International Culture and Good Governance in 2010 and the proclamation of the International Decade for Culture and Good Governance at the thirty-sixth session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2013-2022), [4]", "Encouraging activities aimed at promoting inter-religious and intercultural dialogue to strengthen social stability, respect for diversity and mutual respect, and at the global level, as well as creating an environment conducive to peace and mutual understanding at the regional, national and local levels,", "Recognizing that media and new information and communication technologies contribute to changing the perceptions of different cultures and religions, including through the promotion of dialogue,", "Reaffirming the importance of continuing to work to promote the participation of all stakeholders, including women and men, as relevant actors, in inter-religious and intercultural dialogue within the context of relevant initiatives, in order to challenge stereotypes and promote mutual understanding,", "Recognizing that all religions pursue peace, and that all religious beliefs advocate that moderates should work together to build a safer world,", "Reaffirms that mutual understanding and inter-religious and intercultural dialogue are an important part of the dialogue and culture of peace among civilizations;", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on dialogue among cultures, religions and civilizations; [5]", "Takes note of the ongoing work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on intercultural and inter-religious dialogue and the efforts made to promote dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, as well as related activities related to the culture of peace, non-violence, and welcomes in particular the adoption by the organization of a new programme of action on peace and non-violence, with a focus on specific actions at the global, regional and subregional levels;", "Reaffirms the solemn commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and other instruments relating to human rights and international law, in order to promote universal respect for, observance and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, as their universality cannot be justified;", "Welcomes the efforts made by the media to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue and encourages further dialogue among the media from all cultures and civilizations, stresses the right to freedom of expression for all, and reiterates that the exercise of this right is subject to specific obligations and responsibilities, which may be subject to certain limitations, but should be limited only to legal provisions and to respect the rights or reputation of others, the protection of national security or public order, or the protection of public health or moral needs;", "Also welcomes the use of information and communications technology, including the Internet, to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, and, in this regard, expresses its appreciation for the commitment of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries to establish an electronic portal for interreligious dialogue, in accordance with the commitments made at the Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement for Peace and Development, held in Manila from 16 to 18 March 2010;", "Encourages Member States to consider, where appropriate, initiatives that can identify areas in which practical action can be taken in all sectors and segments of society to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, tolerance, understanding and cooperation, in particular those formulated during the High-level Dialogue on Peace for Interreligious and Intercultural Understanding and Cooperation, held in New York on 4 and 5 October 2007, including the idea of promoting inter-religious dialogue in the world;", "Calls upon Member States, when applicable, to consider inter-religious and intercultural dialogue as an important tool in efforts to achieve peace and achieve the Millennium Development Goals;", "Acknowledges the efforts of relevant stakeholders to promote respect for religious and cultural diversity and to promote peace and harmony within society, including the promotion of long-term strong interaction among all sectors of society;", "Affirms the active collaboration of the United Nations system in promoting inter-religious and intercultural dialogue and in promoting the common exploration of shared issues and objectives among different faith-based individuals;", "Also recognizes the role of civil society, including academia, in promoting inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, and encourages support for practical measures to mobilize civil society, including capacity, opportunities and frameworks for enhanced cooperation;", "Invites Member States to further promote reconciliation, including through the adoption of reconciliation measures and service actions, as well as the encouragement of tolerance and sympathy between people and people, in order to help ensure lasting peace and sustainable development;", "Acknowledges the valuable role played by the Economic and Social Council Support and Coordination Office of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat as the coordinating unit on this issue within the Secretariat, and encourages the Office to continue to interact and coordinate with relevant entities of the United Nations system, while coordinating their contribution to the intergovernmental process;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "23 December 2011", "92nd plenary meeting", "Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2] The General Assembly proclaimed Declaration No. 36/55 of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, No. 566 on the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations, No. 57/6 on the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for Children 2001-2010, No. 57/337 on the Prevention of Armed Conflict, No. 58/128 on the Promotion of Religious and Cultural Understanding, Harmonization and Cooperation, No. 59/23 on the Promotion of Interreligious Dialogue, resolution 61/17 on the International Year of Reconciliation, resolution 62/155 on human rights and cultural diversity, and the elimination of all forms of religions and beliefs.", "[3] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October-3 November 2001, vol. I: Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 25, annex I.", "[4] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-sixth Session, Paris, 25 October-10 November 2011, vol. I and corrigendum: Resolutions, chap. V, resolution 40.", "[5] A/66/280." ]

[ "2011年12月23日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.33和Add.1)]", "66/227. 围绕自然灾害领域的人道主义援助开展国际合作： 从救济到发展", "大会，", "重申附件载有加强联合国系统紧急人道主义援助协调的指导原则的其1991年12月19日第46/182号决议和其 题为“围绕自然灾害领域的人道主义援助开展国际合作：从救济到发展”的所有决议，并回顾经济及社会理事会实质性会议人道主义部分的各项决议，", "又重申提供人道主义援助时应遵守中立、人道、公正和独立的原则，", "还重申2005年1月18日至22日在日本兵库县神户市举行的世界减灾会议通过的《兵库宣言》、[1] 《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》[2] 和“印度洋灾害：减少风险，共创更安全的未来”特别会议的共同声明，[3]", "赞赏地注意到《兵库行动框架》中期审查、[4] 2011年5月8日至13日在日内瓦召开的减少灾害风险全球平台第三届会议的成果和《2011年全球减少灾害风险评估报告》，[5]", "强调人道主义援助从根本上来讲属于民事性质，", "又强调受灾国对于在其境内发起、组织、协调和实施人道主义援助以及协助人道主义组织开展减轻自然灾害影响的工作负有首要责任，", "还强调各国对于开展(包括通过实施和落实《兵库行动框架》)减少灾害风险、应对和早期恢复工作，以尽量减少自然灾害的影响负有首要责任，同时确认必须开展国际合作，支持在这方面能力有限的受灾国开展工作，", "深为关切考虑到全球各种挑战的影响，包括气候变化的影响、全球金融和经济危机正在造成的不利影响和粮食价格过度波动对粮食保障的负面影响以及加剧自然灾害风险的其他关键因素，会员国和联合国处理自然灾害后果的人道主义应急能力面临日益严峻的挑战，", "又深为关切发展中国家的农村和城市贫穷社区受灾害风险增加的影响最大，", "承认快速城市化在自然灾害方面的影响，并承认城市备灾和应对工作要求包括在城市规划中有适当的减少灾害风险战略，有在救灾行动初期阶段就开始实施的早期恢复战略，且有减灾、复原和可持续发展战略，", "注意到地方社区在大多数灾害中最早作出应对，着重指出本国能力在减少灾害风险(包括备灾)、应对和恢复工作方面发挥关键作用，承认需要支持会员国建立和加强国家和地方各级的能力，因为这种能力对于改进人道主义援助的总体交付至关重要，", "确认大批民众受到自然灾害的影响，包括境内流离失所者，需要满足世界各地因自然灾害造成境内流离失所而引发的人道主义和发展需求，并鼓励所有相关行为体在处理境内流离失所问题时考虑采用《关于境内流离失所问题的指导原则》，[6]", "重申必须在自然灾害的各个阶段，特别是备灾、应对和早期恢复阶段，开展国际合作以支持受灾国努力应对自然灾害，并加强受灾害影响国家的应对能力，", "确认联合国灾害管理和应急天基信息平台(天基信息平台)执行任务的进展，鼓励会员国自愿向天基信息平台提供一切必要支持，包括财政支持，使其能够执行其2012-2013年度工作计划，并再次申明必须让所有国家更多地获得和利用天基技术服务，促进灾害管理方面的能力建设和体制加强工作，尤其是在发展中国家，以此加强全球在灾害管理和应急方面的国际协调与合作，", "表示注意到在建立全球气候服务框架方面所取得的进展，以便为气候风险管理、适应气候多变性和气候变化开发和提供科学的气候信息和预测，并期待这一框架得以实施，", "欣见会员国，包括发展中国家，发挥重要作用，为受自然灾害影响的国家和人民持续提供慷慨和必要的援助，", "确认作为国际红十字与红新月运动的一部分，各国红十字会和红新月会在防备灾害和减少风险、应对灾害、复原和发展方面发挥重大作用，", "强调必须通过与所有相关行为体和部门紧密合作，解决易受灾害影响的问题，必须将减少灾害风险(包括备灾)列入自然灾害管理、灾后恢复和发展规划工作的所有阶段，", "确认自然灾害可对实现经济增长、可持续发展和国际商定的发展目标(包括千年发展目标)的努力产生不利影响，注意到这些努力可以积极协助加强各地人民应对自然灾害的能力，", "又确认应急、复原和发展之间的明确关系，重申为确保从救济向复原和发展平稳过渡，提供紧急援助必须有助于中短期恢复和长期发展，紧急措施应作为逐步实现可持续发展的步骤之一，", "为此强调各发展组织在支持各国努力减轻自然灾害影响方面的重要作用，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[7]", "2. 深为关切自然灾害的影响日益严重，在世界各地造成巨大的生命和财产损失，对在有效减轻自然灾害对社会、经济和环境长期不利影响方面缺乏足够能力的脆弱社会的影响尤其严重；", "3. 吁请各国充分执行《兵库宣言》¹ 和《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》，² 特别是履行承诺，向经常发生自然灾害的发展中国家和处于物质、社会和经济持续恢复过渡阶段的受灾国家提供援助，并为灾后恢复工作中的减少风险活动以及复原工作提供援助；", "4. 吁请会员国、联合国系统以及其他相关的人道主义和发展行为体加快实施《兵库行动框架》，强调促进和加强各级的备灾活动，特别是在容易受灾地区，并鼓励他们增加经费，加强合作，开展减少灾害风险活动，包括备灾；", "5. 吁请所有国家根据需要采取并继续有效执行必要的立法措施和其他适当措施，减轻自然灾害的影响，把减少灾害风险战略纳入发展规划，并为此请国际社会继续酌情向发展中国家和经济转型国家提供援助；", "6. 承认气候变化等因素造成环境退化，并使极端气候事件强度加大、频率增加，因而增加了自然灾害风险，为此鼓励会员国以及相关区域、次区域和国际组织根据其任务规定，通过为发展中国家的能力建设提供技术和支助等方式，支持适应气候变化不利影响的工作，加强减少灾害风险和预警系统，以便将自然灾害的人道主义影响减至最低；", "7. 欣见向2011年11月28日至12月1日在日内瓦召开的第三十一届红十字与红新月国际大会报告的区域和国家各级就落实《国内便利和管理国际救灾和初期恢复援助工作导则》采取的举措，鼓励会员国并酌情鼓励区域组织进一步采取措施，酌情参考《工作导则》，加强国际救灾的业务框架和法律框架；", "8. 又欣见受灾国、联合国系统相关机构、捐助国、区域和国际金融机构以及国际红十字与红新月运动等其他相关组织及民间社会有效开展合作，协调和运送紧急救援物资，强调指出在整个救灾行动及中长期复原和重建工作中，都需要继续开展这种合作并提供援助，以期降低今后易受自然灾害影响的程度；", "9. 再次申明决心优先支持各国尤其是发展中国家努力增强各级的能力，以减少灾害风险，防备和迅速应对自然灾害，减轻灾害的影响；", "10. 敦促会员国考虑自身情况和能力并酌情与相关行为体协调，根据《兵库行动框架》制定、更新和加强各级预警系统以及备灾和减少风险措施，并鼓励国际社会和联合国有关实体继续支持各国为此作出的努力；", "11. 又敦促会员国改善对预警信息的反应，以确保预警可导致及早行动，并鼓励所有利益攸关方支持会员国在这方面的努力；", "12. 鼓励会员国考虑依照《兵库行动框架》，制订本国减灾纲要并提交国际减少灾害战略秘书处，并鼓励各国相互合作，以实现这一目标；", "13. 确认必须采取多害齐防的备灾办法，鼓励会员国(结合其具体情况)和联合国系统继续将这一办法运用到其备灾活动之中，包括充分考虑到工业和技术事故造成的次级环境灾害；", "14. 强调指出为进一步提高人道主义援助效力，尤其应努力开展国际合作，进一步加强并更多地利用本国和本地的备灾和应对能力，并酌情加强并更多地利用区域和次区域能力，因为这些能力可能更加接近灾害发生区，并能以更高的效率和更低的费用提供；", "15. 为此又强调指出必须加强国际合作，特别是有效利用多边机制，在从救济和恢复到发展的灾后所有阶段及时提供人道主义援助，包括提供充足资源；", "16. 鼓励所有会员国充分依照第46/182号决议及其附件的规定，在充分遵守人道、中立、公正和独立的人道主义原则以及包括国际人道主义法在内的国际法规定的义务的情况下，尽可能协助转运在国际救灾工作中包括从救济到发展的各个阶段提供的紧急人道主义援助和发展援助；", "17. 重申秘书处人道主义事务协调厅作为整个联合国系统的协调中心，在支持和协调联合国各人道主义组织和其他人道主义伙伴的人道主义援助方面发挥的领导作用；", "18. 欣见联合国灾害评估和协调系统及国际搜救咨询小组对有效开展人道主义援助的重要贡献以及对协调本国和国际社会在实地的应对措施的支持，鼓励继续吸收经常发生自然灾害的发展中国家的专家加入这些机制；", "19. 敦促会员国、联合国系统以及其他相关的人道主义行为体在制订和实施减少灾害风险、防灾和减灾、备灾、人道主义援助和早期恢复战略时，考虑到自然灾害在城市和乡村地区造成的不同具体影响，重点关注易发生自然灾害的城乡贫穷地区民众的需要；", "20. 确认信息和电信技术可在应对灾害过程中发挥重要作用，鼓励会员国建立应急电信能力，鼓励国际社会在必要时协助发展中国家在这一领域的努力，包括在恢复阶段；在这方面鼓励尚未加入或批准《为减灾救灾行动提供电信资源的坦佩雷公约》[8] 的国家考虑加入或批准该《公约》；", "21. 鼓励酌情进一步利用空间和地面遥感技术，包括天基信息平台提供的技术，分享地理数据，以预防、减轻和管理自然灾害，并邀请会员国继续支持加强联合国在预警、备灾、应对和早期恢复方面应用源自卫星的地理信息的能力；", "22. 确认若以协调方式并本着人道主义原则加以利用，新技术则有潜力改善人道主义反应的成效及问责，鼓励会员国、联合国及其人道主义伙伴考虑，除其他外，与志愿者和技术界建立联系，以便在紧急状况下和应对灾害风险的工作中对各种数据和信息加以利用；", "23. 鼓励会员国、联合国相关组织和国际金融机构在以下方面加强全球灾后持续恢复的能力：同传统和非传统伙伴进行协调，查明和传播经验教训，开发共用工具和机制以便评估恢复需求、制订战略和编制方案，在所有恢复工作中都顾及减少风险问题；并欣见目前为此作出的努力；", "24. 鼓励会员国和联合国系统支持在国家一级采取举措，应对自然灾害可能对受灾人口产生的不同影响，包括收集和分析按性别、年龄和残疾等项目分列的数据，利用包括现有的由各国提供的信息，并通过开发各种工具、方法和程序，以便更及时和有效地进行初步需求评估；", "25. 吁请联合国人道主义组织酌情同会员国协商，通过进一步拟定共同机制，提高共同人道主义需求评估的质量、透明度和可靠性，进一步开展共同人道主义需求评估，加强人道主义援助的事实依据，评估人道主义组织在提供援助方面的表现，确保它们以最有效的方式使用人道主义资源；", "26. 强调指出妇女充分、平等参与决策的重要性，以及在制定和实施减少灾害风险、备灾、应对和恢复战略过程中全面考虑两性平等问题的重要性，并在这方面请秘书长继续确保把两性平等问题更好地纳入人道主义应对和活动的各个方面；", "27. 鼓励会员国及相关区域和国际组织查明并更好地分发有关改进备灾、应对和早期恢复工作的最佳做法，并酌情推广取得成功的地方举措；", "28. 请联合国人道主义和发展组织更好地协调从救灾到发展的灾后恢复工作，特别是加强备灾、复原力建设和灾后恢复的体制、协调和战略规划工作，以支持各国当局，并确保发展行为体及早参与战略规划；", "29. 吁请联合国系统和其他人道主义行为体改进工具和服务的分发工作，为进一步减少灾害风险(特别是备灾)和早期恢复提供支助；", "30. 吁请联合国相关人道主义和发展组织协同会员国加强工具和机制，确保酌情在规划和落实备灾、人道主义应对措施和发展合作活动的同时考虑到早期恢复的需求和支助；", "31. 鼓励联合国系统及人道主义组织继续努力将早期恢复纳入人道主义规划的主流，承认应为早期恢复提供更多资金，鼓励为早期恢复提供及时、灵活和可预测的资金，包括通过已经订立的人道主义文书提供资金；", "32. 鼓励联合国系统以及其他相关人道主义和发展行为体支持人道主义协调员和驻地协调员，加强他们的能力，以便他们除其他外支持东道国政府落实备灾措施，协调国家工作队的备灾活动以支持国家一级的努力，并鼓励联合国系统和其他相关人道主义行为体进一步加强迅速、灵活地部署人道主义专业人员的能力，以便在发生灾害后立即向各国政府和国家工作队提供支持；", "33. 强调需要为恢复、备灾和减少灾害风险活动筹集充足、灵活和可持续的资源，以便能够在与自然危害相关的灾害引发紧急情况时，以可预测的方式及时获得用于人道主义援助的必要资源；", "34. 欣见中央应急基金取得的成绩及其对促进和加强人道主义早期应对措施的贡献，吁请所有会员国，并邀请私营部门以及所有相关个人和机构，考虑增加对该基金的自愿捐款，包括可能时以多年期承诺和早期承诺的方式提供捐款，并强调这些捐款应该是目前为人道主义方案所作承诺之外的额外捐助，且不影响为国际发展合作提供的资源；", "35. 邀请会员国、私营部门及所有相关个人和机构考虑自愿为其他人道主义筹资机制提供捐款；", "36. 请秘书长继续改进国际社会应对自然灾害的措施，就此向大会第六十七届会议提交报告，并在报告中提出建议，说明如何确保提供人道主义援助有助于实现从救济到发展的过渡。", "2011年12月23日", "第92次全体会议", "[1] A/CONF.206/6，第一章，决议1。", "[2] 同上，决议2。", "[3] A/CONF.206/6，附件二。", "[4] 可查阅www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/18197。", "[5] 可查阅www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846。", "[6] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2，附件。", "[7] A/66/339。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2296卷，第40906号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.33 and Add.1)]", "66/227. International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters, from relief to development", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991, the annex to which contains the guiding principles for the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations system, as well as all its resolutions on international cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters, from relief to development, and recalling the resolutions of the humanitarian segments of the substantive sessions of the Economic and Social Council,", "Reaffirming also the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance,", "Reaffirming further the Hyogo Declaration,[1] the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters[2] and the common statement of the special session on the Indian Ocean disaster: risk reduction for a safer future,[3] as adopted by the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, from 18 to 22 January 2005,", "Taking note with appreciation of the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action,[4] the outcome of the third session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, and the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction,[5]", "Emphasizing the fundamentally civilian character of humanitarian assistance,", "Emphasizing also that the affected State has the primary responsibility in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory and in the facilitation of the work of humanitarian organizations in mitigating the consequences of natural disasters,", "Emphasizing further the primary responsibility of each State to undertake disaster risk reduction, including through the implementation of and follow-up to the Hyogo Framework for Action, as well as response and early recovery efforts, in order to minimize the impact of natural disasters, while recognizing the importance of international cooperation in support of the efforts of affected countries which may have limited capacities in this regard,", "Expressing its deep concern at the increasing challenges to Member States and to the United Nations humanitarian response capacity to deal with the consequences of natural disasters, given the effects of global challenges, including the impact of climate change, the ongoing adverse impact of the global financial and economic crisis and the negative impact of excessively volatile food prices on food security, and other key factors that exacerbate the risk of natural disasters,", "Also expressing its deep concern that rural and urban poor communities in the developing world are the hardest hit by the effects of increased disaster risk,", "Acknowledging the impacts of rapid urbanization in the context of natural disasters and that urban disaster preparedness and responses require appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies, including in urban planning, early recovery strategies implemented from the initial stage of relief operations, as well as mitigation, rehabilitation and sustainable development strategies,", "Noting that local communities are the first responders in most disasters, underlining the critical role played by in-country capacities in disaster risk reduction, including preparedness, as well as response and recovery, and acknowledging the need to support efforts of Member States to develop and enhance national and local capacities which are fundamental to improving the overall delivery of humanitarian assistance,", "Recognizing the high numbers of persons affected by natural disasters, including in this respect internally displaced persons, and the need to address the humanitarian and development needs arising from internal displacement throughout the world owing to natural disasters, and encouraging all relevant actors to consider making use of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement[6] when dealing with situations of internal displacement,", "Reaffirming the importance of international cooperation in support of the efforts of the affected States in dealing with natural disasters in all their phases, in particular in preparedness, response and the early recovery phase, and of strengthening the response capacity of countries affected by disaster,", "Recognizing the progress made by the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN‑SPIDER) in its mission, encouraging Member States to provide all support necessary, on a voluntary basis, to UN-SPIDER, including financial support, to enable it to carry out its workplan for 2012–2013, and reiterating the importance of enhancing international coordination and cooperation at the global level in disaster management and emergency response through greater access to and use of space-based services for all countries and by facilitating capacity-building and institutional strengthening for disaster management, in particular in developing countries,", "Taking note of the progress in the establishment of the Global Framework for Climate Services to develop and provide science-based climate information and prediction for climate risk management and for adaptation to climate variability and change, and looking forward to its implementation,", "Welcoming the important role played by Member States, including developing countries, that have granted necessary and continued generous assistance to countries and peoples stricken by natural disasters,", "Recognizing the significant role played by national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, as part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in disaster preparedness and risk reduction, disaster response, rehabilitation and development,", "Emphasizing the need to address vulnerability and to integrate disaster risk reduction, including preparedness, into all phases of natural disaster management, post-natural disaster recovery and development planning, through close collaboration of all relevant actors and sectors,", "Recognizing that efforts to achieve economic growth, sustainable development and internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, can be adversely affected by natural disasters, and noting the positive contribution that those efforts can make in strengthening the resilience of populations to such disasters,", "Recognizing also the clear relationship between emergency response, rehabilitation and development, and reaffirming that, in order to ensure a smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development, emergency assistance must be provided in ways that will be supportive of short- and medium-term recovery and long-term development and that emergency measures should be seen as a step towards sustainable development,", "Emphasizing, in this context, the important role of development organizations in supporting national efforts to mitigate the consequences of natural disasters,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[7]", "2. Expresses its deep concern at the increasing impact of natural disasters, resulting in massive losses of life and property worldwide, in particular in vulnerable societies lacking adequate capacity to mitigate effectively the long-term negative social, economic and environmental consequences of natural disasters;", "3. Calls upon States to fully implement the Hyogo Declaration¹ and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,² in particular those commitments related to assistance for developing countries that are prone to natural disasters and for disaster-stricken States in the transition phase towards sustainable physical, social and economic recovery, for risk-reduction activities in post-disaster recovery and for rehabilitation processes;", "4. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian and development actors to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, emphasizes the promotion and strengthening of disaster preparedness activities at all levels, in particular in hazard-prone areas, and encourages them to increase funding and cooperation for disaster risk reduction activities, including disaster preparedness;", "5. Calls upon all States to adopt, where required, and to continue to implement effectively, necessary legislative and other appropriate measures to mitigate the effects of natural disasters and integrate disaster risk reduction strategies into development planning, and in this regard requests the international community to continue to assist developing countries as well as countries with economies in transition, as appropriate;", "6. Acknowledges that climate change, among other factors, contributes to environmental degradation and to the increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, both of which amplify natural disaster risk, and in this regard encourages Member States, as well as relevant regional, subregional and international organizations, in accordance with their specific mandates, to support adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change and to strengthen disaster risk reduction and early warning systems in order to minimize the humanitarian consequences of natural disasters, including through the provision of technology and support for capacity-building in developing countries;", "7. Welcomes the initiatives at the regional and national levels related to the implementation of the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, as reported to the Thirty-first International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, held in Geneva from 28 November to 1 December 2011, and encourages Member States and, where applicable, regional organizations to take further steps to strengthen operational and legal frameworks for international disaster relief, taking into account the Guidelines, as appropriate;", "8. Also welcomes the effective cooperation among the affected States, relevant bodies of the United Nations system, donor countries, regional and international financial institutions and other relevant organizations, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and civil society, in the coordination and delivery of emergency relief, and stresses the need to continue such cooperation and delivery throughout relief operations and medium- and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts, in a manner that reduces vulnerability to future natural hazards;", "9. Reiterates the commitment to support, as a matter of priority, the efforts of countries, in particular developing countries, to strengthen their capacities at all levels in order to reduce risks, prepare for and respond rapidly to natural disasters and mitigate their impact;", "10. Urges Member States to develop, update and strengthen early warning systems, disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures at all levels, in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action, taking into account their own circumstances and capacities and in coordination with relevant actors, as appropriate, and encourages the international community and relevant United Nations entities to continue to support national efforts in this regard;", "11. Also urges Member States to improve their response to early warning information in order to ensure that early warning leads to early action, and encourages all stakeholders to support the efforts of Member States in this regard;", "12. Encourages Member States to consider elaborating and presenting to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction secretariat their national platforms for disaster reduction in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action, and also encourages States to cooperate with each other to reach this objective;", "13. Recognizes the importance of applying a multi-hazard approach to preparedness, and encourages Member States, taking into account their specific circumstances, and the United Nations system to continue to apply the approach to their preparedness activities, including by giving due regard to, inter alia, secondary environmental hazards stemming from industrial and technological accidents;", "14. Stresses that, to increase further the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, particular international cooperation efforts should be undertaken to enhance and broaden further the utilization of national and local capacities and, where appropriate, of regional and subregional capacities for disaster preparedness and response, which may be made available in closer proximity to the site of a disaster, and more efficiently and at lower cost;", "15. Also stresses, in this context, the importance of strengthening international cooperation, particularly through the effective use of multilateral mechanisms, in the timely provision of humanitarian assistance through all phases of a disaster, from relief and recovery to development, including the provision of adequate resources;", "16. Encourages all Member States to facilitate, to the extent possible, the transit of emergency humanitarian assistance and development assistance, provided in the context of international efforts, including in the phase from relief to development, in full accordance with the provisions of resolution 46/182 and the annex thereto, and in full respect of the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, and their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law;", "17. Reaffirms the leading role of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat as the focal point within the overall United Nations system for advocacy for and coordination of humanitarian assistance among United Nations humanitarian organizations and other humanitarian partners;", "18. Welcomes the important contribution of the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination system and the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group to the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, and the support provided to the coordination of national and international response in the field, and encourages the continued incorporation of experts from developing countries that are prone to natural disasters into those mechanisms;", "19. Urges Member States, the United Nations system and other humanitarian actors to consider the specific and differentiated consequences of natural disasters both in rural and urban areas when designing and implementing disaster risk reduction, prevention and mitigation, preparedness, humanitarian assistance and early recovery strategies, giving special emphasis to addressing the needs of those living in rural and urban poor areas prone to natural disasters;", "20. Recognizes that information and telecommunication technology can play an important role in disaster response, encourages Member States to develop emergency response telecommunication capacities and encourages the international community to assist the efforts of developing countries in this area, where needed, including in the recovery phase, and in this regard encourages Member States that have not acceded to or ratified the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations[8] to consider doing so;", "21. Encourages the further use of space-based and ground-based remote-sensing technologies, including as provided by UN-SPIDER, as well as the sharing of geographical data, for the prevention, mitigation and management of natural disasters, where appropriate, and invites Member States to continue to provide their support to the consolidation of the United Nations capability in the area of satellite-derived geographical information for early warning, preparedness, response and early recovery;", "22. Recognizes the opportunities for new technologies, when utilized in a coordinated fashion and based on humanitarian principles, potentially to improve the effectiveness and accountability of humanitarian response, and encourages Member States, the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to consider engaging, inter alia, with the volunteer and technical communities in order to make use of the variety of data and information available during emergencies and disaster risk efforts;", "23. Encourages Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and international financial institutions to enhance the global capacity for sustainable post-disaster recovery in areas such as coordination with traditional and non-traditional partners, identification and dissemination of lessons learned, development of common tools and mechanisms for recovery needs assessment, strategy development and programming, and incorporation of risk reduction into all recovery processes, and welcomes the ongoing efforts to this end;", "24. Encourages Member States and the United Nations system to support national initiatives that address the possible differentiated impacts of natural disasters on the affected population, including through the collection and analysis of data disaggregated, inter alia, by sex, age and disability, using, inter alia, the existing information provided by States, and through the development of tools, methods and procedures that will result in more timely and useful initial needs assessments;", "25. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian organizations, in consultation with Member States, as appropriate, to strengthen the evidence base for humanitarian assistance by further developing common mechanisms to improve the quality, transparency and reliability of, and make further progress towards, common humanitarian needs assessments, to assess their performance in assistance and to ensure the most effective use of humanitarian resources by these organizations;", "26. Stresses the importance of the full and equal participation of women in decision-making and of gender mainstreaming in developing and implementing disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery strategies, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to continue ensuring that gender mainstreaming is better taken into account in all aspects of humanitarian responses and activities;", "27. Encourages Member States and relevant regional and international organizations to identify and improve the dissemination of best practices for improving disaster preparedness, response and early recovery and to scale up successful local initiatives, as appropriate;", "28. Requests the United Nations humanitarian and development organizations to improve their coordination of disaster recovery efforts, from relief to development, inter alia, by strengthening institutional, coordination and strategic planning efforts in disaster preparedness, resilience-building and recovery, in support of national authorities, and by ensuring that development actors participate in strategic planning at an early stage;", "29. Calls upon the United Nations system and other humanitarian actors to improve the dissemination of tools and services to support enhanced disaster risk reduction, in particular preparedness, and early recovery;", "30. Calls upon relevant United Nations humanitarian and development organizations, in consultation with Member States, to strengthen tools and mechanisms to ensure that early recovery needs and support are integrated into the planning and implementation of disaster preparedness, humanitarian response and development cooperation activities, as appropriate;", "31. Encourages the United Nations system and humanitarian organizations to continue their efforts to mainstream early recovery into humanitarian programming, acknowledges that early recovery should receive further funding, and encourages the provision of timely, flexible and predictable funding for early recovery, including through established humanitarian instruments;", "32. Encourages the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian and development actors to support humanitarian coordinators and resident coordinators, in order to strengthen their capacity, inter alia, to support the host Government in implementing preparedness measures and to coordinate preparedness activities of country teams in support of national efforts, and also encourages the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to further strengthen the ability to quickly and flexibly deploy humanitarian professionals to support Governments and country teams in the immediate aftermath of a disaster;", "33. Emphasizes the need to mobilize adequate, flexible and sustainable resources for recovery, preparedness and disaster risk reduction activities in order to ensure predictable and timely access to resources for humanitarian assistance in emergencies resulting from disasters associated with natural hazards;", "34. Welcomes the achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund and its contribution to the promotion and enhancement of early humanitarian response, calls upon all Member States and invites the private sector and all concerned individuals and institutions to consider increasing voluntary contributions to the Fund, including, when possible, through multi-year and early commitments, and emphasizes that contributions should be additional to current commitments to humanitarian programming and not to the detriment of resources made available for international cooperation for development;", "35. Invites Member States, the private sector and all concerned individuals and institutions to consider voluntary contributions to other humanitarian funding mechanisms;", "36. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to improve the international response to natural disasters and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, and to include in his report recommendations on how to ensure that humanitarian assistance is provided in ways supportive of the transition from relief to development.", "92nd plenary meeting 23 December 2011", "[1]  A/CONF.206/6 and Corr.1, chap. I, resolution 1.", "[2]  Ibid., resolution 2.", "[3]  A/CONF.206/6 and Corr.1, annex II.", "[4]  Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/18197.", "[5]  Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846.", "[6]  E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex.", "[7]  A/66/339.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2296, No. 40906." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.33 and Add.1)]", "International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters: from relief to development", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 and all its resolutions entitled “International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters: from relief to development”, contained in the annex, and recalling the resolutions of the humanitarian component of the substantive session of the Economic and Social Council,", "Reaffirming also that the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence should be respected in the delivery of humanitarian assistance,", "Reaffirming also the Declaration of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building national and community resilience to disasters [2] and the Common Statement of the Special Meeting of Indian Ocean Disasters: Risk Reduction and A safer Future”, adopted by the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan, from 18 to 22 January 2005, [3]", "Taking note with appreciation of the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action, the outcome of the third session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, and the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, [5]", "Emphasizing that humanitarian assistance is fundamentally civilian,", "Stressing also the primary responsibility of affected States for initiating, organizing, coordinating and implementing humanitarian assistance in their territories and assisting humanitarian organizations in their efforts to mitigate the impact of natural disasters,", "Stressing also the primary responsibility of States for disaster risk reduction, response and early recovery, including through the implementation and implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, to minimize the impact of natural disasters, and recognizing the importance of international cooperation in supporting the work of affected countries with limited capacity in this regard,", "Deeply concerned by the impact of global challenges, including the impact of climate change, the adverse impacts of the global financial and economic crisis and the negative impact of excessive volatility in food prices on food security and other key factors that exacerbate the risk of natural disasters, and the growing challenge for Member States and the United Nations to address the humanitarian response capacity to the consequences of natural disasters,", "Deeply concerned also that rural and urban poor communities in developing countries have the greatest impact on disaster risk reduction,", "Recognizing the impact of rapid urbanization on natural disasters, and recognizing that urban disaster preparedness and response requirements include appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies in urban planning, early recovery strategies implemented at the early stages of disaster relief operations and strategies for disaster risk reduction, recovery and sustainable development,", "Noting the early response of local communities in most disasters, stressing that national capacities play a key role in disaster risk reduction, including preparedness, response and recovery efforts, recognizing the need to support Member States in building and strengthening national and local capacities, which are essential to improving overall delivery of humanitarian assistance,", "Recognizing the impact of a large number of people on natural disasters, including internally displaced persons, and the need to meet humanitarian and development needs arising from the internal displacement of natural disasters worldwide, and encouraging all relevant actors to consider adopting the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement in addressing internal displacement, [6]", "Reaffirming the importance of international cooperation in support of the efforts of affected countries to respond to natural disasters at all stages of natural disasters, in particular in the phases of disaster preparedness, response and early recovery, and strengthening the resilience of disaster-affected countries,", "Recognizing the progress made in the implementation of the mandate of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) and encouraging Member States to provide, on a voluntary basis, all necessary support to UN-SPIDER, including financial support, to enable it to implement its workplan for the period 2012-2013, and reiterating once again the need for increased access by all States to and use space-based technology services and for capacity-building and institutional strengthening in disaster management, in particular in developing countries, in order to strengthen global international coordination and cooperation in disaster management and emergency response,", "Taking note of the progress made in establishing a global climate service framework to develop and provide scientific climate information and projections for climate risk management, adaptation to climate variability and climate change, and looking forward to its implementation,", "Welcoming the important role played by Member States, including developing countries, in providing generous and necessary assistance to countries and peoples affected by natural disasters,", "Recognizing that, as part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies play an important role in disaster preparedness and risk reduction, response to disasters, recovery and development,", "Emphasizing the importance of addressing vulnerability to disasters through close cooperation with all relevant actors and sectors, and that disaster risk reduction, including disaster preparedness, must be included in all stages of natural disaster management, disaster recovery and development planning,", "Recognizing that natural disasters can adversely affect efforts to achieve economic growth, sustainable development and internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and noting that these efforts can actively contribute to strengthening the capacity of people everywhere to respond to natural disasters,", "Recognizing also the clear relationship between emergency response, recovery and development, and reaffirming that emergency assistance must contribute to short- and long-term recovery and long-term development, in order to ensure a smooth transition from relief to recovery and development,", "Emphasizing in this regard the important role of development organizations in supporting national efforts to mitigate the impact of natural disasters,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [7]", "Expresses deep concern at the increasing impact of natural disasters, which have resulted in enormous loss of life and property worldwide, and at particular gravity the impact of natural disasters on vulnerable societies that are in a position to be able to effectively mitigate the adverse social, economic and environmental impacts of natural disasters;", "Calls upon States to fully implement the Hyogo Declaration1 and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: to build national and community resilience to disasters,2 in particular to fulfil their commitments, to provide assistance to developing countries and countries affected by the ongoing physical, social and economic recovery phase, and to provide assistance to disaster risk reduction activities and recovery efforts in post-disaster recovery;", "Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian and development actors to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, stresses the promotion and strengthening of disaster preparedness activities at all levels, in particular in vulnerable areas, and encourages them to increase their funding, enhance cooperation and implement disaster risk reduction activities, including disaster preparedness;", "Calls upon all States to integrate disaster risk reduction strategies into development planning, consistent with the need for and continued effective implementation of the necessary legislative measures and other appropriate measures, and, in this regard, requests the international community to continue to provide assistance to developing countries and countries with economies in transition, as appropriate;", "Acknowledges that factors such as climate change cause environmental degradation and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme climate events, thus increasing the risk of natural disasters, and in this regard encourages Member States, as well as relevant regional, subregional and international organizations, to support efforts to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, including through the provision of technical and support for capacity-building in developing countries, in order to minimize the humanitarian impact of natural disasters;", "Welcomes the initiatives undertaken at the thirty-first International Congress of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, held in Geneva from 28 November to 1 December 2011, to implement the Guidelines for the Facilitation and Management of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery of Assistance, and encourages Member States and, where appropriate, regional organizations to take further measures to strengthen the operational framework and legal framework for international disaster relief, taking into account the Guidelines on Work;", "Also welcomes the effective cooperation between affected States, relevant agencies of the United Nations system, donor States, regional and international financial institutions and other relevant organizations, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in coordination and delivery of emergency relief supplies, and stresses that such cooperation and assistance will be needed throughout disaster relief operations and in medium- and long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts with a view to reducing the extent of vulnerability to natural disasters in the future;", "Reiterates its determination to support, as a matter of priority, national efforts, in particular in developing countries, to strengthen capacities at all levels to disaster risk reduction, preparedness and rapid response to natural disasters and mitigate the impact of disasters;", "Urges Member States to consider their circumstances and capacities and, where appropriate, in coordination with relevant actors, to develop, update and strengthen early warning systems at all levels, in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action, as well as disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures, and encourages the international community and relevant United Nations entities to continue to support national efforts to that end;", "Also urges Member States to improve their response to early warning information to ensure that early warning can lead to early action, and encourages all stakeholders to support the efforts of Member States in this regard;", "Encourages Member States to consider the development of national frameworks for disaster reduction and to submit to the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action, and encourages States to cooperate with each other in order to achieve that goal;", "Recognizes the importance of a multi-hazard approach to disaster preparedness, and encourages Member States (with their specific circumstances) and the United Nations system to continue to apply this approach to their disaster preparedness activities, including taking fully into account the sub-environmental disasters caused by industrial and technological accidents;", "Stresses that, in order to further enhance the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, efforts should be made, in particular, to strengthen and increase the use of national and local disaster preparedness and response capacities, as appropriate, to strengthen and make greater use of regional and subregional capacities, which may be closer to disaster-affected areas and provide more efficient and less costly;", "Also emphasizes in this regard the importance of enhancing international cooperation, in particular the effective use of multilateral mechanisms, to provide timely humanitarian assistance, including adequate resources, at all stages of disaster recovery from relief and recovery to development;", "Encourages all Member States, in full compliance with resolution 46/182 and its annex, to assist, to the extent possible, the transit of emergency humanitarian assistance and development assistance provided at all stages of international disaster relief, including from relief to development, in full compliance with humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence and international law, including international humanitarian law;", "Reaffirms the leadership of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, as the focal point for the entire United Nations system, in supporting and coordinating humanitarian assistance by United Nations humanitarian organizations and other humanitarian partners;", "Welcomes the important contribution of the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination System and the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group to the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance and its support for the coordination of national and international responses on the ground, and encourages the continued engagement of experts from developing countries that often occur in natural disasters;", "Urges Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to take into account the specific impacts of natural disasters in urban and rural areas, when developing and implementing strategies for disaster risk reduction, disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness, humanitarian assistance and early recovery, with a focus on the needs of the population in poor urban and rural areas vulnerable to natural disasters;", "Recognizes that information and telecommunications technologies can play an important role in responding to disasters, and encourages Member States to establish emergency telecommunications capacities, and encourages the international community, if necessary, to assist developing countries in this area, including in the recovery phase, and, in this regard, encourages States that have not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the Tampere Convention for the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Relief Action [8];", "Encourages further use, where appropriate, of space and ground-based remote sensing technologies, including those provided by UN-SPIDER, to share geographic data to prevent, mitigate and manage natural disasters, and invites Member States to continue to support the strengthening of the capacity of the United Nations to apply geographic information derived from satellites in early warning, preparedness, response and early recovery;", "Recognizes that new technologies have the potential to improve the effectiveness and accountability of humanitarian responses in a coordinated manner and in accordance with humanitarian principles, and encourages Member States, the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to consider, inter alia, linkages with the volunteer and technical communities in order to make use of data and information in emergencies and in response to disaster risks;", "Encourages Member States, relevant organizations of the United Nations and international financial institutions to strengthen the capacity of global disaster recovery in the following areas: In coordination with traditional and non-traditional partners to identify and disseminate lessons learned, develop common tools and mechanisms to assess recovery needs, develop strategies and develop programming, and take into account risk reduction issues in all recovery efforts; and welcome ongoing efforts to that end;", "Encourages Member States and the United Nations system to support initiatives at the national level to respond to the different impacts that natural disasters may have on the affected population, including data collection and analysis on projects such as sex, age and disability, using available information from States, and through the development of tools, methods and procedures to enable a more timely and effective initial needs assessment;", "Calls upon United Nations humanitarian organizations, in consultation with Member States, where appropriate, to further develop common mechanisms to enhance the quality, transparency and reliability of common humanitarian needs assessment, to strengthen the factual basis for humanitarian assistance, to assess the performance of humanitarian organizations in providing assistance and to ensure that they use humanitarian resources in the most effective manner;", "Stresses the importance of women's full and equal participation in decision-making and the importance of gender considerations in the formulation and implementation of disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery strategies, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that gender issues are better integrated into all aspects of humanitarian response and activities;", "Encourages Member States and relevant regional and international organizations to identify and improve the dissemination of best practices on improving disaster preparedness, response and early recovery efforts, and to promote, where appropriate, successful local initiatives;", "Requests the United Nations humanitarian and development organizations to better coordinate disaster recovery from relief to development, in particular institutional, coordination and strategic planning for disaster preparedness, resilience-building and post-disaster recovery, in support of national authorities and to ensure early engagement of development actors in strategic planning;", "Calls upon the United Nations system and other humanitarian actors to improve the distribution of tools and services and to support further disaster risk reduction, in particular preparedness, and early recovery;", "Calls upon relevant United Nations humanitarian and development organizations, in collaboration with Member States, to strengthen tools and mechanisms to ensure that early recovery needs and support are taken into account, as appropriate, in planning and implementing disaster preparedness, humanitarian response and development cooperation activities;", "Encourages the United Nations system and humanitarian organizations to continue their efforts to mainstream early recovery into humanitarian planning, recognizes that additional funding should be provided for early recovery, and encourages timely, flexible and predictable funding for early recovery, including through the already established humanitarian instruments;", "Encourages the United Nations system, as well as other relevant humanitarian and development actors, to support the humanitarian coordinator and resident coordinator in strengthening their capacity to support, inter alia, the host Government in the implementation of disaster preparedness measures, to coordinate disaster preparedness activities of the United Nations country team in support of national efforts, and encourages the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to further strengthen their capacity to rapidly and flexiblely deploy humanitarian professionals in order to provide support to Governments and United Nations country teams in the immediate aftermath of disasters;", "Emphasizes the need to mobilize adequate, flexible and sustainable resources for recovery, preparedness and disaster risk reduction activities to enable timely access to the necessary resources for humanitarian assistance in the event of emergencies linked to natural hazards;", "Welcomes the achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund and its contribution to promoting and strengthening humanitarian early response, calls upon all Member States, and invites the private sector, as well as all relevant individuals and institutions, to consider increasing voluntary contributions to the Fund, including, where possible, multi-year commitments and early commitments, and stresses that such contributions should be additional contributions that are currently outside commitments made to humanitarian programmes and do not affect the resources provided for international development cooperation;", "Invites Member States, the private sector and all relevant individuals and institutions to consider making voluntary contributions to other humanitarian financing mechanisms;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to improve the international community's response to natural disasters and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and to make recommendations in his report on ways to ensure that humanitarian assistance contributes to the transition from relief to development.", "23 December 2011", "92nd plenary meeting", "A/CONF.206/6, chap. I, resolution 1.", "[2] Ibid., resolution 2.", "[3] A/CONF.206/6, annex II.", "] Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/18197.", "[5] Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846.", "[6] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex.", "[7] A/63/339.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2296, No. 40906." ]

[ "2011年12月23日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.31和Add.1)]", "66/228. 对1994年卢旺达境内种族灭绝幸存者，特别是孤儿、寡妇和性暴力行为受害人的援助", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》和《世界人权宣言》，[1]", "回顾经秘书长授权、安全理事会核准的对联合国在1994年卢旺达种族灭绝中的作为的独立调查的结论和建议，[2]", "又回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[3] 特别是该文件确认每一个人，尤其是弱者，均有权免于恐惧，免于匮乏，拥有平等机会来享受其所有权利，充分发挥自身的潜力，", "还回顾其2004年12月10日第59/137号决议，其中大会请秘书长鼓励联合国系统的相关机构、基金和方案继续与卢旺达政府合作，拟订和执行各种方案，支助仍然受1994年种族灭绝后果影响的弱势群体，", "回顾其2005年12月23日第60/225号决议，其中大会敦促会员国制定关于卢旺达种族灭绝的教训的教育方案，并请秘书长建立一个外联方案，纪念卢旺达种族灭绝的受害者和开展教育，以防止今后出现种族灭绝行为，", "确认1994年卢旺达境内种族灭绝的幸存者，特别是孤儿、寡妇和性暴力行为受害人面临种种困难，种族灭绝使他们变得更加贫穷，更加脆弱，特别是许多性暴力行为的受害者感染了艾滋病毒，自那时以来，要么业已死亡，要么已因艾滋病病入膏肓，", "赞扬卢旺达政府和人民、民间社会组织以及国际社会作出巨大努力，为恢复幸存者的尊严提供支助，其中包括卢旺达政府每年拨出国家预算的5%来支助种族灭绝幸存者，", "回顾安全理事会在2010年12月22日第1966(2010)号决议中请卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭采取一切可能措施，至迟于2014年12月31日迅速完成其全部剩余工作，为关闭法庭做准备并确保顺利过渡到刑事法庭余留事项国际处理机制，", "深信必须恢复1994年卢旺达境内种族灭绝幸存者的尊严，因为这有助于在卢旺达境内促进和解和消除创伤，", "欢迎秘书长的报告，[4]", "1. 请秘书长继续鼓励联合国系统的相关机构、基金和方案迅速执行第59/137号决议，包括在以下方面提供援助：孤儿教育、包括感染艾滋病毒的受害者在内的性暴力受害者的医护和治疗、心理创伤咨询和心理咨询以及旨在实现自给自足和消除贫穷的技能培训和小额信贷方案；", "2. 吁请会员国和联合国系统立即执行秘书长的报告⁴ 所载建议；", "3. 请秘书长继续开展题为“卢旺达种族灭绝与联合国”的外联方案的活动，纪念卢旺达种族灭绝受害者和开展教育，以协助防止今后出现种族灭绝行为；", "4. 注意到证人保护和受害者支助、卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭档案、卢旺达司法部门的司法问题和能力建设等余留问题十分重要，着重指出继续进一步注意这些问题的必要性；", "5. 欢迎安全理事会通过第1966(2010)号决议，其中安理会决定设立刑事法庭余留事项国际处理机制，在这方面呼吁余留机制在第1966(2010)号决议所定初步期间内了结剩余案件，并吁请会员国支持此项努力；", "6. 请秘书长同卢旺达政府协商，继续鼓励联合国系统的相关机构、基金和方案采取适当步骤，尤其支持为加强卢旺达司法能力建设和受害者支助工作而作出的努力；", "7. 又请秘书长考虑到1994年卢旺达种族灭绝幸存者的危急境况和卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭的完成工作战略，继续采取一切必要可行措施执行本决议，并就此向大会第六十八届会议提交报告，就采取适当措施以满足1994年卢旺达种族灭绝幸存者其余需求提出具体建议；", "8. 决定将题为“对1994年卢旺达境内种族灭绝幸存者，特别是孤儿、寡妇和性暴力行为受害人的援助”的项目列入第六十八届会议的临时议程。", "2011年12月23日", "第92次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见S/1999/1257。", "[3] 见第60/1号决议。", "[4] A/66/331。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.31 and Add.1)]", "66/228. Assistance to survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, particularly orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1]", "Recalling the findings and recommendations of the independent inquiry commissioned by the Secretary-General, with the approval of the Security Council, into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda,[2]", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[3] particularly its recognition that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential,", "Recalling further its resolution 59/137 of 10 December 2004, in which it requested the Secretary-General to encourage relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to continue to work with the Government of Rwanda to develop and implement programmes aimed at supporting vulnerable groups that continue to suffer from the effects of the 1994 genocide,", "Recalling its resolution 60/225 of 23 December 2005, in which it urged Member States to develop educational programmes on the lessons of the genocide in Rwanda, and also requested the Secretary-General to establish a programme of outreach for Rwanda genocide victim remembrance and education, in order to prevent future acts of genocide,", "Recognizing the numerous difficulties faced by survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, particularly the orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence, who are poorer and more vulnerable as a result of the genocide, especially the many victims of sexual violence who have contracted HIV and have since either died or become seriously ill with AIDS,", "Commending the significant efforts of the Government and people of Rwanda and civil society organizations, as well as international efforts, to provide support for restoring the dignity of the survivors, including the allocation by the Government of Rwanda of 5 per cent of its national budget every year to support genocide survivors,", "Recalling Security Council resolution 1966 (2010) of 22 December 2010, in which the Council requested the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to take all possible measures to expeditiously complete all its remaining work no later than 31 December 2014, to prepare its closure and to ensure a smooth transition to the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals,", "Firmly convinced of the necessity of restoring the dignity of the survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, which would help to promote reconciliation and healing in Rwanda,", "Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General,[4]", "1. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to encourage the relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to implement resolution 59/137 expeditiously, inter alia, by providing assistance in the areas of education for orphans, medical care and treatment for victims of sexual violence, including HIV-positive victims, trauma and psychological counselling, and skills training and microcredit programmes aimed at promoting self-sufficiency and alleviating poverty;", "2. Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to urgently implement the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General;⁴", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to continue the activities of the programme of outreach entitled “The Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations” aimed at Rwanda genocide victim remembrance and education, in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide;", "4. Notes the importance of residual issues, including witness protection and victim support, the archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and judicial issues and capacity-building for the Rwandan judiciary, and underlines the need for increased and sustained attention to these issues;", "5. Welcomes the adoption of Security Council resolution 1966 (2010), in which the Council decided to establish the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and, in this regard, calls upon the Mechanism to conclude the remaining cases within the initial period set out in resolution 1966 (2010), and calls upon Member States to support that effort;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Government of Rwanda, to continue to encourage the relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to take appropriate steps to support, in particular, efforts to enhance judicial capacity-building and victim support in Rwanda;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General, in view of the critical situation of the survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda completion strategy, to continue to take all necessary and practicable measures for the implementation of the present resolution and to report thereon to the General Assembly, at its sixty-eighth session, with concrete recommendations for appropriate solutions to the remaining needs of survivors of the Rwandan genocide of 1994;", "8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Assistance to survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, particularly orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence”.", "92nd plenary meeting 23 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See S/1999/1257.", "[3]  See resolution 60/1.", "[4]  A/66/331." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.31 and Add.1)]", "Assistance to survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, in particular orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, alternatives", "Recalling the conclusions and recommendations of the independent inquiry into the 1994 genocide of Rwanda authorized by the Secretary-General and endorsed by the Security Council, [2]", "Recalling also the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in particular that it recognizes the right of every individual, in particular the weak, to be free from fear, to be free from want, to have equal opportunities for the enjoyment of all their rights and to fully realize their own potential,", "Recalling also its resolution 59/137 of 10 December 2004, in which the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to encourage the relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to continue to cooperate with the Government of Rwanda in the formulation and implementation of programmes to support vulnerable groups that continue to be affected by the 1994 genocide,", "Recalling its resolution 60/225 of 23 December 2005, in which the General Assembly urged Member States to develop education programmes on lessons learned from the genocide in Rwanda, and requested the Secretary-General to establish an outreach programme to commemorate the victims and education of the genocide in Rwanda in order to prevent future genocide,", "Recognizing the difficulties faced by survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, in particular orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence, which have made them more impoverished and vulnerable, in particular the HIV infection of many victims of sexual violence, either since then they have died or have been severely affected by AIDS,", "Commending the great efforts made by the Government and people of Rwanda, civil society organizations and the international community to support the restoration of the dignity of the survivors, including the Government of Rwanda's annual allocation of 5 per cent of the national budget to support genocide survivors,", "Recalling that, in its resolution 1966 (2010) of 22 December 2010, the Security Council requested the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to take all possible measures to expedite the completion of its full residual work by 31 December 2014, to prepare for the closure of the Tribunal and to ensure a smooth transition to the international treatment mechanism for residual matters of the Criminal Court,", "Convinced of the need to restore the dignity of genocide survivors in Rwanda in 1994, as it contributes to the promotion of reconciliation and the elimination of trauma in Rwanda,", "Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General [4]", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to encourage the relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to implement resolution 59/137 expeditiously, including by providing assistance for the education of orphans, medical care and treatment, psychological counselling and psychological counselling for victims of sexual violence, including those infected with HIV, and for skills training and microcredit programmes aimed at achieving self-sufficiency and poverty eradication;", "Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to implement immediately the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General;4", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue the activities of the Outreach Programme entitled “Rwandan genocide and the United Nations” to commemorate the victims of the genocide and to undertake education to help prevent future genocide;", "Notes the importance of residual issues such as witness protection and victim support, the archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the judiciary in Rwanda and capacity-building, and stresses the need for continued attention to these issues;", "Welcomes the adoption by the Security Council of resolution 1966 (2010), in which the Council decided to establish an international mechanism for the residual matters of the criminal courts, and in this regard calls upon the residual case within the preliminary period set out in resolution 1966 (2010), and calls upon Member States to support that effort;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Government of Rwanda, to continue to encourage the relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to take appropriate steps, in particular to support efforts to strengthen the capacity-building and victim support in Rwanda;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all feasible measures to implement the present resolution, taking into account the critical situation of survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and the completion strategy of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session specific recommendations on appropriate measures to meet the remaining needs of survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Asssistance to survivors of genocide, in particular orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence in Rwanda 1994”.", "23 December 2011", "92nd plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] See S/1999/1257.", "[3] See resolution 60/1.", "[4] A/63/331." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.1)通过]", "66/229. 《残疾人权利公约》及其《任择议定书》", "大会，", "回顾其以往各项相关决议，最近的一项是2009年12月18日第64/154号决议，以及人权理事会、社会发展委员会和人权委员会的各项相关决议，", "注意到残疾人权利委员会在其报告[1] 的附件十六中提出的请大会核准延长委员会开会时间的要求，", "又注意到委员会预算的最大一部分是缔约国报告的文件处理和翻译费用，", "还注意到《残疾人权利公约》[2] 短时间内便享有很高的批准数，而委员会目前每年仅举行两次为期一周的会议，并注意到在《公约》界定的特殊情况下，委员会成员可要求合理的便利，", "1. 欢迎《残疾人权利公约》² 及其《任择议定书》[3] 自2007年3月30日开放供签署以来，已有一百五十三个国家签署和一百零六个国家批准了《公约》，九十个国家签署和六十四个国家批准了《任择议定书》，另有一个区域一体化组织批准了《公约》；", "2. 促请尚未签署和批准《公约》和《任择议定书》的国家优先考虑签署和批准《公约》和《任择议定书》；", "3. 欢迎残疾人权利公约缔约国会议第三和第四届会议的举行以及残疾人权利委员会的工作；", "4. 邀请缔约国遵守委员会规定的缔约国报告页数限制，并注意到这将减少委员会的业务费用；", "5. 注意到当前旨在加强条约机构体系的改革进程，包括秘书长关于进一步提高条约机构体系的成效并进一步加以统一和改革的措施的报告，[4] 邀请委员会结合这一加强进程，继续改善工作方法和效率，包括为此而与其他条约机构交流最佳做法；", "6. 决定核准委员会每年增加一周会议时间，紧接着现有其中一届常会后使用，同时考虑到委员会的合理便利需要，但无损当前旨在加强条约机构体系的改革进程；", "7. 邀请残疾人权利委员会主席在大会第六十七和第六十八届会议上，在题为“促进和保护人权”的项目下口头报告委员会工作并与大会互动对话，以此增进大会与委员会之间的沟通；", "8. 欢迎秘书长的报告[5] 以及为支持《公约》而开展的活动；", "9. 鼓励残疾人权利公约问题机构间支助小组通过其于2010年被核可的《联合战略和行动计划》，继续致力将《公约》纳入整个联合国系统的主流，并促请秘书处经济和社会事务部及联合国人权事务高级专员办事处在这方面继续加强合作；", "10. 邀请秘书长加紧努力，通过提供协助等途径，协助各国成为《公约》和《任择议定书》的缔约国，以期实现普遍入约；", "11. 请秘书长考虑到《公约》的相关规定，继续逐步落实联合国系统设施和服务无障碍标准和导则，特别是在整修期间，包括作出临时安排；", "12. 又请秘书长采取进一步行动，按照《公约》的规定，在联合国系统内促进残疾人权利，包括留任和聘用残疾人士；", "13. 请联合国各机构和组织，并邀请各政府间和非政府组织，继续加强努力，传播关于《公约》和《任择议定书》的无障碍格式信息，包括向儿童和青年传播以增进他们的认识，并协助缔约国履行根据这些文书承担的义务；", "14. 请秘书长就《公约》和《任择议定书》现况以及本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交报告。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第55号》(A/66/55)。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[3] 同上，第2518卷，第44910号。", "[4] A/66/344。", "[5] A/66/121。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.1)]", "66/229. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol thereto", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, the most recent of which was resolution 64/154 of 18 December 2009, as well as relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council, the Commission for Social Development and the Commission on Human Rights,", "Noting the request of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, contained in annex XVI to its report,[1] that the General Assembly authorize an extension of its meeting time,", "Noting also that document and translation costs for the reports of States parties constitute the largest part of the budget for the Committee,", "Noting further that, while the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[2] has enjoyed a very high level of ratification in a short time, the Committee currently meets for only two sessions of one week per year, and noting that, in particular cases, members of the Committee may require reasonable accommodation, as defined in the Convention,", "1. Welcomes the fact that, since the opening for signature of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities² and the Optional Protocol thereto[3] on 30 March 2007, one hundred and fifty‑three States have signed and one hundred and six States have ratified the Convention and ninety States have signed and sixty‑four States have ratified the Optional Protocol, and that one regional integration organization has ratified the Convention;", "2. Calls upon those States that have not yet done so to consider signing and ratifying the Convention and the Optional Protocol as a matter of priority;", "3. Welcomes the holding of the third and fourth sessions of the Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the work of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;", "4. Invites States parties to adhere to the page limit established by the Committee for reports of States parties, and notes that this would reduce the operating costs of the Committee;", "5. Notes the ongoing process of reform aimed at strengthening the treaty body system, including the report of the Secretary‑General on measures to improve further the effectiveness, harmonization and reform of the treaty body system,[4] and invites the Committee, in the context of this strengthening process, to continue to enhance its working methods and efficiency, including by sharing good practices with other treaty bodies;", "6. Decides to authorize for the Committee an additional week of meeting time per year to be used consecutive to an existing regular session, bearing in mind the requirements of the Committee for reasonable accommodation, and without prejudice to the ongoing process of reform aimed at strengthening the treaty body system;", "7. Invites the Chair of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to present an oral report on the work of the Committee and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh and sixty‑eighth sessions, under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”, as a way to enhance communication between the Assembly and the Committee;", "8. Welcomes the report of the Secretary‑General[5] and the activities undertaken in support of the Convention;", "9. Encourages the Inter‑Agency Support Group on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to continue its work to mainstream the Convention throughout the United Nations system through its Strategy and Plan of Action, approved in 2010, and calls upon the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue strengthening their cooperation in this regard;", "10. Invites the Secretary‑General to intensify efforts to assist States to become parties to the Convention and the Optional Protocol, including by providing assistance with a view to achieving universal adherence;", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue the progressive implementation of standards and guidelines for the accessibility of facilities and services of the United Nations system, taking into account relevant provisions of the Convention, in particular when undertaking renovations, including interim arrangements;", "12. Also requests the Secretary‑General to take further actions to promote the rights of persons with disabilities in the United Nations system in accordance with the Convention, including the retention and recruitment of persons with disabilities;", "13. Requests United Nations agencies and organizations, and invites intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, to continue to strengthen efforts undertaken to disseminate accessible information on the Convention and the Optional Protocol, including to children and young people to promote their understanding, and to assist States parties in implementing their obligations under those instruments;", "14. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the status of the Convention and the Optional Protocol and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 55 (A/66/55).", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910.", "[4]  A/66/344.", "[5]  A/66/121." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.1)]", "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, the most recent of which was resolution 64/154 of 18 December 2009 and the relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council, the Commission for Social Development and the Commission on Human Rights,", "Taking note of the request made by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in its annex XVI to request the General Assembly to extend the Committee's meeting time,", "Noting also that the largest part of the Committee's budget is the processing and translation costs of documents reported by States parties,", "Noting also that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [2] enjoys a high number of ratifications within a short period of time, and that the Committee currently holds only two one-week meetings per year, and noting that, in exceptional circumstances as defined in the Convention, members of the Committee may require reasonable facilities,", "Welcomes the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities2 and its Optional Protocol [3] since its opening for signature on 30 March 2007, of 1003 States have signed and 1016 ratified it, nine States have signed and ratified the Optional Protocol by sixty four States, and another regional integration organization has ratified the Convention;", "Urges States that have not yet done so to give priority to signing and ratifying the Convention and the Optional Protocol;", "Welcomes the holding of the third and fourth sessions of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the work of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;", "Invites the State party to comply with the Committee's reporting page limits, and notes that this will reduce the operating expenses of the Committee;", "Takes note of the ongoing reform process aimed at strengthening the treaty body system, including the report of the Secretary-General on measures to further enhance the effectiveness of the treaty body system and to further harmonize and reform, [4] invites the Commission to continue to improve its working methods and efficiency, including by sharing best practices with other treaty bodies, in the context of this enhanced process;", "Decides to approve the annual increase of one week's meeting time, immediately after the use of one of the existing regular sessions, taking into account the reasonable facilitation needs of the Committee, without prejudice to the current reform process aimed at strengthening the treaty body system;", "Invites the Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to report on the work of the Committee and the interactive dialogue with the General Assembly under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”, with a view to enhancing communication between the General Assembly and the Committee;", "Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General [5] and the activities undertaken in support of the Convention;", "Encourages the Inter-Agency Support Group on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, through its approved Joint Strategy and Plan of Action in 2010, to continue its efforts to mainstream the Convention throughout the United Nations system, and urges the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to strengthen cooperation in this regard;", "Invites the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts to assist States in becoming parties to the Convention and the Optional Protocol, including through assistance, with a view to achieving universal access;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to implement progressively the United Nations system accessibility standards and guidelines for facilities and services, taking into account the relevant provisions of the Convention, in particular during the renovation period, including through temporary arrangements;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to take further action to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, including retention and employment of persons with disabilities, within the United Nations system, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention;", "Requests United Nations agencies and organizations, and invites intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to continue to strengthen their efforts to disseminate information on the accessibility format of the Convention and the Optional Protocol, including the dissemination of information to children and young people for their awareness and to assist States parties in fulfilling their obligations under those instruments;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the status of the Convention and the Optional Protocol and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 55 (A/66/55).", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910.", "[4] A/63/344.", "[5] A/63/221." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/462/Add.3)通过]", "66/230. 缅甸人权状况", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》和《世界人权宣言》，[1] 并回顾两项国际人权公约[2] 和其他相关人权文书，", "重申所有会员国均有义务促进和保护人权和基本自由，有责任履行根据这一领域各项国际文书承担的义务，", "又重申大会以往关于缅甸人权状况的各项决议，最近一项为2010年12月24日第65/241号决议，以及人权委员会以往各项决议和人权理事会的决议，最近的为2010年3月26日第13/25号[3] 和2011年3月25日第16/24号决议，[4]", "欢迎2007年10月11日和2008年5月2日安全理事会主席声明，[5] 以及2009年5月22日和8月13日安全理事会的新闻发言，[6]", "又欢迎秘书长关于缅甸人权状况的报告[7] 及其中所载意见，并回顾秘书长于2009年7月3日和4日访问该国及秘书长缅甸问题特别顾问分别于2009年1月31日至2月3日及6月26日和27日、2010年11月27日和28日和2011年5月11日至13日及10月31日至11月4日进行的访问，同时敦促缅甸政府继续在与斡旋特派团合作方面取得进展，包括为进一步的访问提供便利，", "还欢迎缅甸人权状况特别报告员于2011年8月21日至25日对缅甸进行访问并获准接触政治和其他行为者，包括囚犯，并欢迎特别报告员的报告，[8] 促请落实其中所载及以往报告所载的建议，", "深为关切上述决议中的许多紧急呼吁以及其他联合国机构关于缅甸人权状况的声明尚未得到落实，", "重申真正的对话及民族和解进程对于民主过渡至关重要，", "确认缅甸总统公开承诺要实施改革，促进民族和解，维护人权和基本自由并促进善治、民主和法治，又确认总统已表示承诺解决社会、经济和环境方面的问题，", "欢迎缅甸政府最近与昂山素季举行了会谈，同时敦促缅甸政府进一步采取步骤，推进与包括全国民主联盟等各政党、民主团体、少数族裔和其他相关利益攸关方的切实有效对话，开展真正的对话、民族和解及民主过渡进程，", "认为民主、透明和包容各方的选举必须是任何民主改革进程的基石，并深感遗憾地注意到，2010年大选错失了朝着这方面发展的一次机会，尤其注意到选举法中规定了限制条款，对媒体的接触受到限制，据报发生了官方恐吓事件，某些族裔地区取消了选举，而且选举委员会缺乏独立性，此外表示关切选举委员会没有追究涉及选举程序包括投票程序的投诉，", "鼓励缅甸政府继续与国际社会合作，以期在人权和基本自由及政治进程方面取得切实进展，同时注意到政府已表示打算这么做，", "1. 严重关切持续而有步骤地侵犯缅甸人民的人权和基本自由的行为，同时确认缅甸政府已承诺实施改革以消除此类侵权行为；", "2. 欢迎缅甸政府最近与昂山素季和反对党举行会谈，并鼓励政府将目前的会谈转变为实质性和经常性的对话，同时与包括全国民主联盟在内的民主反对派以及各种政治、族裔和民间社会团体及行为体全面接触，以便展开一个包容各方的民主改革进程，促成在缅甸境内实现民族和解及持久和平；", "3. 呼吁缅甸政府继续确保不对昂山素季行使其所有人权和基本自由施加任何限制，尤其是行动自由和充分参与政治进程的权利，包括为此而与相关利益攸关方接触，并且采取充分措施保护她的人身安全；", "4. 欢迎2011年10月12日释放200多名良心犯，并强烈敦促缅甸政府立即无条件释放所有良心犯，包括掸邦民主联合会主席吴坤吞吴、“88年代”学生团体领袖吴敏哥奈、“88年代”学生团体创始人之一戈戈季、人权维护者吴敏埃以及缅甸僧侣全国联盟领导人吴甘比拉，允许他们充分参与政治进程，此外强调无条件释放他们对于民族和解至关重要，强烈呼吁政府公布被拘留者或强迫失踪人员的下落，不再出于政治动机施行逮捕；", "5. 注意到缅甸设立了新的国家、区域和邦一级立法机构，并已采取一些步骤促使立法机构审议与促进和保护人权有关的问题；鼓励在这方面作出进一步努力；", "6．呼吁缅甸政府解除对政党代表以及缅甸其他政治和民间社会行为体施加的一切限制，包括为此而修改相关法律，并且确保以参与、包容和透明的方式开展即将举行的补选，同时确认现已公布的对选举法的修改，这些修改将会允许更广泛的参与，敦促将这些修改内容付诸实施；", "7. 注意到缅甸政府已表示打算进行媒体改革并为新闻界开放空间，而且已为此采取初步措施；强烈呼吁缅甸政府取消对集会、结社和行动自由及言论自由的限制，包括对自由和独立媒体的限制，改善因特网及移动电话服务的提供和使用，终止实施审查制度，包括终止使用电子交易法律来防止报道批评政府的观点；", "8. 赞赏地注意到缅甸全国人权委员会的成立，并鼓励缅甸政府确保该委员会的组成和任务授权能使其成为一个独立、可信和有效的机构，符合关于国家机构地位的巴黎原则(“巴黎原则”)，[9] 还鼓励该委员会接受投诉并调查侵权行为，此外建议政府在这个新机构的组建过程中寻求联合国人权事务高级专员办事处的技术协助，同时注意到这方面已有一些初步接触；", "9. 表示严重关切任意拘留、强迫失踪、强奸及其他形式的性暴力、酷刑以及残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚继续存在，敦促缅甸政府立即毫不拖延地对所有侵犯人权行为的报告进行充分、透明、有效、公正和独立的调查，并将这些行为的责任人绳之以法，以期终止侵犯人权行为不受惩罚的现象；同时感到遗憾的是，以往就此发出的呼吁未得到回应，呼吁该国政府作为优先事项回应这些呼吁，必要时借助联合国的协助；", "10. 注意到缅甸政府最近采取步骤审查部分国家立法，并呼吁政府在民主反对派、民间社会团体、族裔群体和其他利益攸关方的充分参与下，对《宪法》和所有国家立法是否符合国际人权法进行透明、包容和全面的审查，同时再次回顾，为起草宪法而订立的程序导致事实上将反对派团体排斥在整个进程之外；", "11. 敦促缅甸政府确保司法机构的独立性和公正性以及律师的独立性，保障适当法律程序，并履行以前向缅甸人权状况特别报告员作出的承诺，就司法改革开始对话；", "12. 表示关切监狱和其他拘留设施的状况以及关于良心犯遭受虐待的持续报道，包括酷刑，关切良心犯被转移到远离家人、无法经常接受探视或获得食物和药品的隔离监狱；呼吁缅甸政府确保对监狱中的所有死亡事件展开适当调查；", "13. 表示深为关切因国家当局对某些族裔群体继续施加压力以及一些主要族裔政党被排斥在政治进程和涉及其生活的决策之外，包括克钦邦和掸邦等地区再度发生武装冲突，而且长期停火被中断，同时也注意到已采取一些步骤，在其他地区建立停火；呼吁缅甸政府在该国所有地区保护平民，并呼吁相关各方使用政治手段来重新达成停火协议，此外也呼吁政府扩大与全国各地武装团体的和谈；", "14. 强烈呼吁缅甸政府采取紧急措施，终止持续严重违反国际人权法和人道主义法行为，包括终止把特定族裔群体成员作为目标、在军事行动中以属于特定族裔群体者为目标以及强奸和其他形式性暴力行为，并终止此类行为不受惩罚的现象；", "15. 又强烈呼吁缅甸政府终止系统地强迫大批民众在自己的国家境内流离失所的做法，并消除导致难民涌入邻国的其他因素；", "16. 表示关切继续存在着影响到众多少数民族、包括但不止于若开邦北部罗辛亚少数民族的歧视、侵犯人权行为、暴力行为、流离失所和经济掠夺，呼吁缅甸政府立即采取行动，改善各少数民族的境况，并给予罗辛亚少数民族公民地位；", "17. 敦促缅甸政府加强与联合国人权事务高级专员办事处以及其他伙伴的合作，向缅甸武装部队、警察和监狱工作人员提供充分的人权和国际人道主义法培训，以确保他们严格遵守国际人权法和国际人道主义法，并对他们的任何违法行为追究责任；", "18. 呼吁缅甸政府考虑批准和加入其余国际人权条约，从而能够与其他人权条约机构进行对话，同时注意到该政府已在这方面采取一些初步步骤；", "19. 又呼吁缅甸政府允许人权维护者不受阻碍地开展活动，并确保其开展活动时的安全保障及行动自由；", "20. 强烈呼吁缅甸政府立即制止所有各方、武装部队和其他武装团体违反国际法继续招募和使用儿童兵的行为，加强措施以确保保护儿童不受武装冲突影响，与负责儿童与武装冲突问题的秘书长特别代表开展合作，迅速为国家武装部队订立和实施有效的联合行动计划，推动与秘书长关于儿童与武装冲突问题年度报告中所列的其他各方就行动计划开展对话；允许为上述目的而不受限制地进入所有出现招募儿童行为的地方；", "21. 赞赏地注意到国际劳工组织与缅甸政府之间关于强迫劳动问题的补充备忘录得以续期，以及据报在修改法律与做法以杜绝强迫劳动现象方面取得进展，特别是在提高认识方面，但表示严重关切强迫劳动做法的继续存在，包括据报动用平民从事搬运，尤其是动用囚犯从事搬运的做法；呼吁政府根据这份备忘录，加大与国际劳工组织合作力度，以期在全国各地尽可能广泛扩大行动，取缔强迫劳动，并立即全面落实国际劳工组织调查委员会的建议；", "22. 欢迎《劳工组织法案》获得批准，而且此前就此与国际劳工组织进行了建设性协商，并鼓励全面执行该法；", "23. 又欢迎缅甸政府采取积极步骤便利和改善人道主义救援行动，呼吁政府采取进一步措施，确保联合国、国际人道主义组织及其合作伙伴能够及时、安全、充分和不受阻碍地进入缅甸所有地区，包括冲突地区和边境地区，并考虑到有必要迅速处理签证申请和缅甸境内旅行许可，从而便于向该国各地所有需要援助者提供人道主义援助；", "24. 还欢迎邀请红十字国际委员会在监狱中提供一些技术协助，鼓励缅甸政府允许红十字会根据法定任务开展其他活动，特别是允许红十字会接触被拘留人员和进入国内武装冲突地区；", "25. 鼓励缅甸政府继续与国际卫生保健实体在艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和结核病防治方面开展合作；", "26. 重申全力支持秘书长通过其缅甸问题特别顾问，按照秘书长关于缅甸人权状况的报告⁷ 开展斡旋，促请缅甸政府与斡旋团通力合作，包括为特别顾问访问该国提供便利，允许其不受限制地接触所有有关的利益攸关方，包括最高级领导层、政党、人权维护者、族裔群体代表、学生领袖和其他反对派团体，并毫不拖延地对秘书长的建议作出实质性回应，包括设立一个联合国办事处以支持斡旋工作；", "27. 欢迎缅甸邻国及东南亚国家联盟成员为支持秘书长的斡旋工作而发挥作用；", "28. 又欢迎缅甸问题秘书长之友小组为支持斡旋工作继续作出贡献；", "29. 还欢迎特别报告员于2011年8月21日至25日访问缅甸并获准展开接触，敦促缅甸政府落实特别报告员在其报告[10] 中向政府提出的建议并充分配合特别报告员执行任务，包括为特别报告员今后的访问提供便利；", "30. 呼吁缅甸政府与高级专员办事处开展对话，以确保充分尊重所有人权和基本自由；", "31. 确认缅甸政府在2011年1月作为接受审议的国家参与了普遍定期审议，强烈鼓励该国政府落实已接受的建议，包括关于考虑加入《公民及政治权利国际公约》、² 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》² 以及其他核心人权条约的建议，同时也呼吁该国政府重新考虑许多被拒绝接受的重要建议并在这方面寻求高级专员办事处的技术合作；", "32. 请秘书长：", "(a) 继续进行斡旋，并继续与缅甸政府和人民，包括与民主和人权团体等所有相关的利益攸关方讨论人权状况、民主过渡和民族和解进程，并为此向缅甸政府提供技术协助；", "(b) 提供一切必要协助，以便特别顾问和特别报告员能够充分有效而且协调地执行任务；", "(c) 向大会第六十七届会议以及人权理事会报告本决议的执行进展；", "33. 决定在大会第六十七届会议上根据秘书长的报告和特别报告员的报告继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 见《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第53号》(A/65/53)，第一章，A节。", "[4] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[5] S/PRST/2007/37和S/PRST/2008/13；见《安全理事会决议及决定，2007年8月1日至2008年7月31日》。", "[6] SC/9662和SC/9731。", "[7] A/66/267。", "[8] 见A/66/365和A/HRC/16/59。", "[9] 第48/134号决议，附件。", "[10] 见A/66/365。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "66/230. Situation of human rights in Myanmar", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] and recalling the International Covenants on Human Rights[2] and other relevant human rights instruments,", "Reaffirming that all Member States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and the duty to fulfil the obligations they have undertaken under the various international instruments in this field,", "Reaffirming also its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, the most recent of which is resolution 65/241 of 24 December 2010, those of the Commission on Human Rights, and those of the Human Rights Council, the most recent of which are resolutions 13/25 of 26 March 2010[3] and 16/24 of 25 March 2011,[4]", "Welcoming the statements made by the President of the Security Council on 11 October 2007 and 2 May 2008,[5] and the Security Council statements to the press of 22 May and 13 August 2009,[6]", "Welcoming also the report of the Secretary‑General on the situation of human rights in Myanmar[7] and the observations contained therein, and recalling his visit to the country on 3 and 4 July 2009 and the visits of his Special Adviser on Myanmar from 31 January to 3 February and on 26 and 27 June 2009, on 27 and 28 November 2010 and from 11 to 13 May and from 31 October to 4 November 2011, while urging the Government of Myanmar to continue to make progress in its cooperation with the good offices mission, including by facilitating further visits,", "Welcoming further the visit to Myanmar of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar from 21 to 25 August 2011 and the access granted to political and other actors, including prisoners, welcoming the reports of the Special Rapporteur,[8] and urging the implementation of the recommendations contained therein and in previous reports,", "Deeply concerned that many of the urgent calls contained in the above‑mentioned resolutions, as well as the statements of other United Nations bodies concerning the situation of human rights in Myanmar, have not yet been acted upon,", "Reaffirming the essential importance of a genuine process of dialogue and national reconciliation for a transition to democracy,", "Acknowledging the publicly stated commitment of the President of Myanmar to implement reform, promote national reconciliation, safeguard human rights and fundamental freedoms and promote good governance, democracy and the rule of law, and acknowledging also the stated commitment of the President to addressing social, economic and environmental issues,", "Welcoming the recent talks between the Government of Myanmar and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, while urging the Government to take further steps to advance an effective and genuine dialogue with the broad spectrum of political parties, including the National League for Democracy, pro‑democracy actors, ethnic minorities and other relevant stakeholders in a genuine process of dialogue, national reconciliation and transition to democracy,", "Considering that democratic, transparent and inclusive elections must be the cornerstone of any democratic reform process, and deeply regretting that the 2010 general elections represent a missed opportunity in that regard, noting, in particular, the restrictions imposed by the electoral laws, limited access to the media, reported incidents of official intimidation, the cancellation of elections in certain ethnic areas and the lack of independence of the electoral commission, and expressing concern at the failure of the electoral commission to follow up on complaints about the electoral process, including about voting procedures,", "Encouraging the continued cooperation of the Government of Myanmar with the international community in order to achieve concrete progress with regard to human rights and fundamental freedoms and political processes, and noting the stated intention of the Government to do so,", "1. Expresses grave concern about the ongoing systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms of the people of Myanmar, while recognizing the commitment made by the Government of Myanmar to implement reforms to address those violations;", "2. Welcomes the recent talks between the Government of Myanmar and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and opposition parties, and encourages the Government to develop the current talks into a substantive and regular dialogue while comprehensively engaging with the democratic opposition, including the National League for Democracy, and political, ethnic and civil society groups and actors in order to begin an all‑inclusive and democratic reform process leading to national reconciliation and lasting peace in Myanmar;", "3. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to continue to ensure that no restrictions are placed on the exercise by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi of all her human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular with regard to the freedom of movement and the right to participate fully in the political process, including through engagement with relevant stakeholders, and to take adequate measures to protect her physical safety;", "4. Welcomes the release on 12 October 2011 of more than 200 prisoners of conscience, and strongly urges the Government of Myanmar to release without further delay and without conditions all prisoners of conscience, including the Chairman of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy, U Hkun Htun Oo, the leader of the 88 Generation Students Group, U Min Ko Naing, one of the founders of the 88 Generation Students Group, Ko Ko Gyi, human rights defender U Myint Aye and the leader of the All Burma Monks’ Alliance, U Gambira, and to allow their full participation in the political process, emphasizing that their unrestricted release is fundamental to national reconciliation, and strongly calls upon the Government to reveal the whereabouts of persons who are detained or have been subjected to enforced disappearance and to desist from further politically motivated arrests;", "5. Notes the establishment of new national, regional and state legislatures in Myanmar and some steps taken to engage legislatures on issues relevant to the promotion and protection of human rights, and encourages further efforts in that regard;", "6. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to lift all restrictions imposed on the representatives of political parties as well as on other political and civil society actors in the country, including by amending the relevant laws, and to ensure that the upcoming by‑elections are held in a participatory, inclusive and transparent manner, while recognizing the announcement of changes in the electoral law that would allow for wider participation, and urging that they be put into effect;", "7. Notes the stated intention and first initiatives of the Government of Myanmar to carry out media reform and open up space for the press, and strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to lift restrictions on the freedom of assembly, association and movement and the freedom of expression, including for free and independent media, to improve the availability and accessibility of Internet and mobile telephone services, and to end the use of censorship, including the use of the Electronic Transactions Law to prevent the reporting of views critical of the Government;", "8. Acknowledges with appreciation the formation of the Myanmar National Human Rights Commission, encourages the Government of Myanmar to ensure that it is established and mandated in such a way as to be an independent, credible and effective institution, in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (“the Paris Principles”),[9] and, further, encourages the Commission to receive complaints and to investigate violations, and recommends that the Government seek technical assistance from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the development of that new institution, noting some initial contacts in this regard;", "9. Expresses grave concern at the continuing practice of arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, rape and other forms of sexual violence, torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and urges the Government of Myanmar to undertake without further delay a full, transparent, effective, impartial and independent investigation into all reports of human rights violations and to bring to justice those responsible in order to end impunity for violations of human rights, and, regretting that previous calls to that effect have not been heeded, calls upon the Government to do so as a matter of priority and, if necessary, drawing on the assistance of the United Nations;", "10. Takes note of the recent steps taken by the Government of Myanmar to review some national legislation, and calls upon the Government to undertake a transparent, inclusive and comprehensive review of compliance of the Constitution and all national legislation with international human rights law, fully engaging with democratic opposition, civil society groups, ethnic groups and other stakeholders, while recalling once more that the procedures established for the drafting of the Constitution resulted in a de facto exclusion of opposition groups from the process;", "11. Urges the Government of Myanmar to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary and the independence of lawyers, to guarantee due process of law, and to fulfil earlier assurances made to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar to begin a dialogue on judicial reform;", "12. Expresses its concern about the conditions in prisons and other detention facilities and consistent reports of ill‑treatment of prisoners of conscience, including torture, and about the moving of prisoners of conscience to isolated prisons far from their families where they cannot receive regular visits, or food and medicine, and calls upon the Government of Myanmar to ensure that proper investigations are conducted of all deaths in prison;", "13. Expresses deep concern about the resumption of armed conflict and the breakdown of long‑standing ceasefires in areas including Kachin and Shan States, as a result of continued pressures imposed by the national authorities on certain ethnic groups and the exclusion of some key ethnic political parties from the political process and from decisions affecting their lives, while noting some steps taken to establish ceasefires in other areas, and calls upon the Government of Myanmar to protect the civilian population in all parts of the country and for all concerned to use political means to re‑establish ceasefire agreements, and also calls upon the Government to expand the offer of peace talks with armed groups on a nationwide basis;", "14. Strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to take urgent measures to put an end to continuing grave violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including the targeting of persons based on their belonging to particular ethnic groups, the targeting of civilians as such in military operations, and rape and other forms of sexual violence, and to end impunity for such acts;", "15. Also strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to end the practice of systematic forced displacement of large numbers of persons within their country and other causes of refugee flows into neighbouring countries;", "16. Expresses its concern about the continuing discrimination, human rights violations, violence, displacement and economic deprivation affecting numerous ethnic minorities, including, but not limited to, the Rohingya ethnic minority in Northern Rakhine State, and calls upon the Government of Myanmar to take immediate action to bring about an improvement in their respective situations, and to grant citizenship to the Rohingya ethnic minority;", "17. Urges the Government of Myanmar to intensify its cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other partners to conduct adequate human rights and international humanitarian law training for its armed forces, police and prison personnel, to ensure their strict compliance with international human rights law and international humanitarian law and to hold them accountable for any violations thereof;", "18. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to consider ratifying and acceding to remaining international human rights treaties, which would enable a dialogue with the other human rights treaty bodies, while noting some initial steps taken by the Government in this regard;", "19. Also calls upon the Government of Myanmar to allow human rights defenders to pursue their activities unhindered and to ensure their safety, security and freedom of movement in that pursuit;", "20. Strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to put an immediate end to the continuing recruitment and use of child soldiers by the armed forces and other armed groups, in violation of international law by all parties, to intensify measures to ensure the protection of children from armed conflict, to pursue its collaboration with the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General for Children and Armed Conflict, to swiftly conclude and implement an effective joint action plan for the national armed forces, to facilitate access for dialogue on action plans with other parties listed in the annual report of the Secretary‑General on children and armed conflict, and to allow unrestricted access to all areas where children are recruited for those purposes;", "21. Notes with appreciation the prolongation of the supplementary understanding between the International Labour Organization and the Government of Myanmar on forced labour, and the reported progress on changes in law and practice to eliminate the use of forced labour, particularly in relation to awareness‑raising, but expresses grave concern at the continuing practice of forced labour, including the reported use of civilian porters, including convict porters, and calls upon the Government to intensify its cooperation with the International Labour Organization on the basis of the understanding, with a view to extending action against forced labour as widely as possible throughout the country and to fully implementing with urgency the recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry of the International Labour Organization;", "22. Welcomes the approval of the Labour Organizations Bill, and the prior constructive consultation on it with the International Labour Organization, and encourages its full implementation;", "23. Also welcomes the positive steps taken by the Government of Myanmar to facilitate and improve humanitarian response, and calls upon the Government to take further measures to allow humanitarian assistance to reach all persons in need throughout the country by ensuring timely, safe, full and unhindered access to all parts of Myanmar, including conflict and border areas, for the United Nations, international humanitarian organizations and their partners, taking into account the need to process swiftly requests for visa and in‑country travel permission;", "24. Further welcomes the invitation extended to the International Committee of the Red Cross to provide some technical assistance in prisons, and encourages the Government of Myanmar to allow it to carry out other activities in accordance with its mandate, in particular by granting access to persons detained and to areas of internal armed conflict;", "25. Encourages the Government of Myanmar to continue to cooperate with international health entities on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis;", "26. Reaffirms its full support for the good offices of the Secretary‑General pursued through his Special Adviser on Myanmar, consistent with the report of the Secretary‑General on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,⁷ and urges the Government of Myanmar to cooperate fully with the good offices mission, including by facilitating the visits of the Special Adviser to the country and granting him unrestricted access to all relevant stakeholders, including the highest level of leadership, political parties, human rights defenders, representatives of ethnic groups, student leaders and other opposition groups, and to respond substantively and without delay to the proposals of the Secretary‑General, including the establishment of a United Nations office in support of the mandate of good offices;", "27. Welcomes the role played by countries neighbouring Myanmar and members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in support of the good offices mission of the Secretary‑General;", "28. Also welcomes the continued contribution of the Group of Friends of the Secretary‑General on Myanmar in support of the work of the good offices mission;", "29. Further welcomes the visit of the Special Rapporteur to Myanmar from 21 to 25 August 2011 and the access granted to him, and urges the Government of Myanmar to implement the recommendations addressed to the Government in his report[10] and to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the exercise of his mandate, including by facilitating further visits;", "30. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to engage in a dialogue with the Office of the High Commissioner with a view to ensuring full respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "31. Acknowledges the participation by the Government of Myanmar in the universal periodic review in January 2011 as the State under review, and strongly encourages the Government to implement the recommendations accepted, including the recommendations to consider acceding to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,² the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights² and other core human rights treaties, while also urging the Government to reconsider the many important recommendations which were rejected and to seek technical cooperation from the Office of the High Commissioner in this regard;", "32. Requests the Secretary‑General:", "(a) To continue to provide his good offices and to pursue his discussions on the situation of human rights, the transition to democracy and the national reconciliation process with the Government and the people of Myanmar, involving all relevant stakeholders, including democracy and human rights groups, and to offer technical assistance to the Government in this regard;", "(b) To give all necessary assistance to enable the Special Adviser and the Special Rapporteur to discharge their mandates fully, effectively and in a coordinated manner;", "(c) To report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session, as well as to the Human Rights Council, on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution;", "33. Decides to continue the consideration of the question at its sixty‑seventh session, on the basis of the reports of the Secretary‑General and the Special Rapporteur.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/65/53 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A.", "[4]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[5]  S/PRST/2007/37 and S/PRST/2008/13; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2007–31 July 2008.", "[6]  SC/9662 and SC/9731.", "[7]  A/66/267.", "[8]  See A/66/365 and A/HRC/16/59.", "[9]  Resolution 48/134, annex.", "[10]  See A/66/365." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/462/Add.3)]", "Situation of human rights in Myanmar", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and recalling the two international human rights conventions [2] and other relevant human rights instruments,", "Reaffirming the obligation of all Member States to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and the duty to fulfil their obligations under international instruments in this field,", "Reaffirming also its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, the most recent of which was resolution 3941 of 24 December 2010, and previous resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council resolutions, the latest of which was resolutions 13/25 [3] of 26 March 2010 and 16/24 of 25 March 2011, [4]", "Welcoming the statements of the President of the Security Council of 11 October 2007 and 2 May 2008, [5] and the press statement of the Security Council dated 22 May and 13 August 2009, [6]", "Welcoming also the report of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights in Myanmar [7] and the observations contained therein, and recalling the visit of the Secretary-General to the country and to the Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on Myanmar on 3 and 4 July 2009, respectively, 31 January-3 February and 26 and 27 June 2009, 27 and 28 November 2010 and 11-13 May 2011 and 31 October-4 November 2011, and urging the Government to continue to make progress in cooperation with the Mission, including facilitation of further visits,", "Welcoming also the visit to Myanmar by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar from 21 to 25 August 2011 and the access to political and other actors, including prisoners, and welcoming the report of the Special Rapporteur, [8] urging the implementation of the recommendations contained therein and contained in previous reports,", "Deeply concerned that many of the urgent appeals in the above-mentioned resolutions and statements by other United Nations bodies on the situation of human rights in Myanmar have not been implemented,", "Reaffirming that genuine dialogue and national reconciliation processes are essential for a democratic transition,", "Recognizing the public commitment of the President of Myanmar to reform, promote national reconciliation, uphold human rights and fundamental freedoms and promote good governance, democracy and the rule of law, and recognizing the commitment of the President to address social, economic and environmental issues,", "Welcoming the recent talks between the Government of Myanmar and Aung San Suu Kyi, and urging the Government of Myanmar to take further steps to promote effective dialogue with political parties, democratic groups, minorities and other relevant stakeholders, including the National League for Democracy, and to pursue genuine dialogue, national reconciliation and democratic transition processes,", "Considering that democracy, transparency and inclusive elections must be the cornerstone of any democratic reform process, and expressing deep regret that the 2010 general elections missed an opportunity to develop in that regard, noting in particular the limitations set out in the electoral law, restrictions on access to the media, reported official intimidation, the removal of elections in certain ethnic areas and the lack of independence of the Electoral Commission, and expressing concern that the Electoral Commission did not hold a complaint concerning the electoral process, including the voting process,", "Encourages the Government to continue its cooperation with the international community with a view to making tangible progress in human rights and fundamental freedoms and in the political process, noting the Government's intention to do so,", "Expresses grave concern at the continuing and systematic violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of the people of Myanmar, while recognizing the commitment of the Government of Myanmar to implement reforms to eliminate such violations;", "Welcomes the recent talks held by the Government of Myanmar with Aung San Suu Kyi and opposition parties, and encourages the Government to translate the current talks into substantive and regular dialogue, while engaging fully with democratic opposition, including the National League for Democracy, as well as various political, ethnic and civil society groups and actors, in order to launch an inclusive democratic reform process leading to national reconciliation and lasting peace in Myanmar;", "Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to continue to ensure that no restrictions are imposed on the exercise of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by Aung San Suu Kyi, in particular the right to freedom of movement and full participation in the political process, including through contacts with relevant stakeholders, and that adequate measures be taken to protect her human security;", "Welcomes the release of more than 200 prisoners of conscience on 12 October 2011, and strongly urges the Government of Myanmar to immediately and unconditionally release all prisoners of conscience, including the President of the Shan National League for Democracy, Yamazaki, leader of the Group of Students of the 88s, Gorongo, Human Rights Desk, and the leader of the National Union of Myanmar monks, Uganabia, to allow them to participate fully in the political process, and stresses that their unconditional release is essential for national reconciliation, and strongly calls upon the Government to release the whereabouts of detainees or persons of enforced disappearances from political motives;", "Takes note of the establishment of new national, regional and State-level legislative bodies in Myanmar and the steps taken to facilitate the consideration of issues related to the promotion and protection of human rights by legislative bodies; and encourages further efforts in this regard;", "Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to lift all restrictions imposed on representatives of political parties, as well as other political and civil society actors in Myanmar, including by modifying the relevant laws to that end, and to ensure the upcoming re-election in a participatory, inclusive and transparent manner, while recognizing that the amendments to the electoral law that are now published will allow wider participation, and urges their implementation;", "Notes that the Government of Myanmar has indicated its intention to undertake media reform and open space for the press and has taken preliminary measures to that end; strongly calls upon the Government to remove restrictions on assembly, association and freedom of movement and freedom of expression, including restrictions on free and independent media, to improve the availability and use of Internet and mobile telephone services and to put an end to the implementation of the review system, including the termination of the use of electronic transactions laws to prevent the reporting of the Government's views;", "Notes with appreciation the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission of Myanmar, and encourages the Government to ensure that its composition and mandate become an independent, credible and effective body in compliance with the Paris Principles on the status of national institutions (“the Paris Principles”), [9] further encourages the Commission to receive complaints and investigate violations, and recommends that the Government seek technical assistance from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the process of the establishment of this new institution, while noting that there are some preliminary contacts in this regard;", "Expresses grave concern at the persistence of arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, rape and other forms of sexual violence, torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and urges the Government to conduct, without delay, adequate, transparent, effective, impartial and independent investigations into all reports of human rights violations and to bring those responsible to justice in order to put an end to impunity for human rights violations; and regrets that previous appeals in this regard have not been responded, and calls upon the Government to respond as a matter of priority to those appeals and to draw upon the assistance of the United Nations when necessary;", "Takes note of the recent steps taken by the Government to review some of its national legislation and calls upon the Government, with the full participation of the democratic opposition, civil society groups, ethnic groups and other stakeholders, to conduct transparent, inclusive and comprehensive reviews of the compatibility of the Constitution and all national legislation with international human rights law, and recalls once again that procedures established for the drafting of a constitution have resulted in the de facto exclusion of opposition groups from the process;", "Urges the Government of Myanmar to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, as well as the independence of lawyers, to guarantee due process of law and to fulfil its previous commitments to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, and to initiate dialogue on judicial reform;", "Expresses concern at the situation of prisons and other detention facilities, as well as continuing reports of abuse by conscientious offenders, including torture, and expresses concern at the diversion of conscientious prisoners to isolated prisons that are far from their families, that they are unable to receive regular visits or receive food and medicine; and calls upon the Government to ensure that appropriate investigations are conducted into all deaths in prisons;", "Expresses deep concern at the resurgence of armed conflict in areas such as Kachin State and Shan State, as a result of continued pressure on certain ethnic groups and the exclusion of some major ethnic political parties from political processes and decision-making concerning their lives, including in areas such as Kachin State and Shan State, as well as the discontinuation of the long-term ceasefire, and notes the steps taken to establish a ceasefire in other regions; calls upon the Government to protect civilians in all parts of the country, and calls upon the parties concerned to use political means to re-establish a ceasefire agreement, and calls upon the Government to expand its engagement with armed groups throughout the country;", "Strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to take urgent measures to put an end to gross violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, including by ending the targeting of members of specific ethnic groups, targeting persons belonging to specific ethnic groups in military operations and rape and other forms of sexual violence, and ending impunity for such acts;", "Also strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to put an end to the systematic practice of forced displacement of a large number of people in its own country and to eliminate other factors contributing to the influx of refugees into neighbouring countries;", "Expresses concern at the continuing existence of discrimination, human rights violations, violence, displacement and economic plundering that affect a large number of ethnic minorities, including, but above, the northern Rakhine State, and calls upon the Government of Myanmar to take immediate action to improve the situation of ethnic minorities and to grant the status of the citizens of the ethnic group of Rosinya;", "Urges the Government to strengthen its cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other partners to provide adequate training in human rights and international humanitarian law to the Armed Forces of Myanmar, the police and prison staff in order to ensure strict compliance with international human rights law and international humanitarian law and accountability for any violations against them;", "Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to consider ratifying and acceding to the remaining international human rights treaties, thereby enabling dialogue with other human rights treaty bodies, noting that the Government has taken some preliminary steps in this regard;", "Also calls upon the Government of Myanmar to allow human rights defenders to carry out their activities unhindered and to ensure the safety and security of their activities and freedom of movement;", "Strongly calls upon the Government of Myanmar to immediately put an end to the continued recruitment and use of child soldiers by all parties, armed forces and other armed groups in violation of international law, to strengthen measures to ensure that children are not affected by armed conflict, cooperate with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to promptly establish and implement effective joint action plans for national armed forces and to promote dialogue with other parties listed in the Secretary-General's annual report on children and armed conflict; and to allow unrestricted access to all places of recruitment of children;", "Notes with appreciation the extension of the supplementary memorandum between the International Labour Organization and the Government of Myanmar on forced labour, as well as the reported progress made in the revision of laws and practices to eliminate forced labour, in particular in the area of awareness-raising, but expresses serious concern at the continued existence of forced labour practices, including the reported use of civilians for movement, in particular the use of prisoners, and calls upon the Government, in accordance with this memorandum, to intensify its cooperation with the International Labour Organization, with a view to maximizing action throughout the country, eliminating forced labour and immediately implementing the recommendations of the International Labour Organization investigation commission;", "Welcomes the ratification of the ILO Bill and its previous constructive consultations with the International Labour Organization in this regard, and encourages its full implementation;", "Also welcomes the positive steps taken by the Government to facilitate and improve humanitarian relief operations, and calls upon the Government to take further measures to ensure that the United Nations, international humanitarian organizations and their partners are able to enter all areas of Myanmar in a timely, safe, fully and unhindered manner, including in conflict areas and border areas, and to take into account the need for prompt processing of visa requests and travel permits in Myanmar, thereby facilitating the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need throughout the country;", "Also welcomes the invitation to the International Committee of the Red Cross to provide technical assistance in prisons, and encourages the Government of Myanmar to allow the ICRC to carry out other activities in accordance with its mandated mandate, in particular by allowing ICRC to engage in persons in detention and access to areas of internal armed conflict;", "Encourages the Government to continue its cooperation with international health-care entities in the area of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis control;", "Reaffirms its full support for the good offices of the Secretary-General, through his Special Adviser on Myanmar,7 in accordance with the report of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,7 and urges the Government of Myanmar to cooperate fully with the good offices, including through the facilitation of the Special Adviser's visit to the country and to allow unrestricted access to all relevant stakeholders, including the highest leadership, political parties, human rights defenders, ethnic groups, students and other opposition groups, and to provide substantive responses to the Secretary-General's recommendations without delay, including the establishment of a United Nations office in support of good offices;", "Welcomes the role played by neighbouring Myanmar and members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in supporting the good offices of the Secretary-General;", "Also welcomes the continued contribution of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General on Myanmar to support good offices;", "Also welcomes the visit of the Special Rapporteur to Myanmar from 21 to 25 August 2011, and urges the Government of Myanmar to implement the recommendations made by the Special Rapporteur in his report [10] and to fully cooperate with the mandate of the Special Rapporteur, including by facilitating future visits of the Special Rapporteur;", "Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to engage in dialogue with the Office of the High Commissioner to ensure full respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "Recognizes the participation of the Government of Myanmar in the universal periodic review as a State under review in January 2011, strongly encourages the Government to implement the accepted recommendations, including those that consider acceding to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights2 and other core human rights treaties, and calls upon the Government to reconsider the important recommendations rejected and to seek technical cooperation from the Office of the High Commissioner in this regard;", "Requests the Secretary-General:", "(a) Continue its good offices and continue to discuss human rights situations, democratic transition and national reconciliation processes with all relevant stakeholders, including democratic and human rights groups, with technical assistance to the Government of Myanmar;", "(b) Provide all necessary assistance to enable the Special Adviser and the Special Rapporteur to carry out their mandates fully and in coordination;", "(c) To report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and to the Human Rights Council on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this matter at its sixty-seventh session, in accordance with the report of the Secretary-General and the report of the Special Rapporteur.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] Resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/65/53), chap.", "[4] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[5] S/PRST/2007/37 and S/PRST/2008/13; see Security Council resolutions and decisions, 1 August 2007 to 31 July 2008.", "[6] SC/9662 and SC/9731.", "[7] A/66/267.", "[8] See Alain65 and A/HRC/16/59.", "[9] Resolution 48/134, annex.", "[10] See Alain65." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.21和Add.1)]", "66/231. 海洋和海洋法", "大会，", "回顾其每年关于海洋法和关于海洋和海洋法的各项决议，包括2010年12月7日第65/37A号和2011年4月4日第65/37B号决议以及关于《联合国海洋法公约》(《公约》)[1] 的其他相关决议，", "审议了秘书长的报告、[2] 研究与国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用有关的问题的不限成员名额非正式特设工作组(“不限成员名额非正式特设工作组”)的建议、[3] 联合国海洋和海洋法问题不限成员名额非正式协商进程(“非正式协商进程”)第十二次会议的工作报告、[4] 第二十一次公约缔约国会议的报告[5] 以及海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况全球报告和评估经常程序(“经常程序”)特设全体工作组的工作报告，[6]", "满意地注意到《公约》于1982年12月10日在牙买加蒙特哥湾开放供签署三十周年即将来临，并确认《公约》作出了卓越贡献，按照《联合国宪章》所载联合国宗旨和原则，依循公正和权利平等的原则加强各国之间的和平、安全、合作和友好关系，促进全世界人民的经济和社会进步，并为海洋的可持续发展作出了卓越贡献，", "强调《公约》的普遍性和统一性，重申《公约》规定了开展各种海洋活动都必须遵循的法律框架，是国家、区域和全球在海事领域采取行动和开展合作的依据，具有重要战略意义，并重申，正如联合国环境与发展会议在《21世纪议程》[7] 第17章中确认的，需要维持《公约》的完整性，", "确认可持续开发和管理海洋的资源和用途对实现包括《联合国千年宣言》[8] 所载各项目标在内的国际发展目标作出的重要贡献，", "意识到海洋空间的各种问题彼此密切相关，需要统一从跨学科和跨部门的角度进行整体考虑，重申必须根据《公约》的规定，改进国家、区域和全球各级的合作和协调，以支持和补充各国为促进执行和遵守《公约》以及综合管理和可持续地开发海洋作出的努力，", "再次申明亟需通过能力建设和转让海洋技术等途径开展合作，确保各国，特别是发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国，既能执行《公约》，也能从海洋的可持续开发中获益，并能充分参加处理海洋和海洋法问题的全球与区域论坛和进程，", "强调必须加强主管国际组织的能力，在全球、区域、次区域和双边各级，通过与各国政府的合作方案，协助发展在海洋科学以及可持续管理海洋和海洋资源方面的国家能力，", "回顾海洋科学通过持续开展研究和评估监测结果增进知识，并把这些知识用于管理工作和决策，对消除贫穷，加强粮食保障，养护世界海洋环境和资源，帮助了解、预测和应对自然事件以及促进海洋的可持续开发至关重要，", "再次深为关切某些人类活动对海洋环境和生物多样性，特别是对包括珊瑚、冷水生境、热液喷口和海底山脉在内的脆弱海洋生态系统及其实体和生物结构造成的严重有害影响，", "强调拆船工作应保证安全并无害环境，", "深为关切陆地和沿海开发活动，尤其是以危害海洋环境的方式进行填海造地的活动，可能实际改变和毁坏海洋生境，产生有害的经济、社会和环境影响，", "再次严重关切气候变化目前和预计今后会对海洋环境和海洋生物多样性产生的不利影响，并强调解决这一问题的紧迫性，", "关切气候变化致使整个热带海洋中的珊瑚漂白现象日益严重，发生次数增加，削弱了珊瑚承受海洋酸化的能力，从而可能对海洋生物尤其是珊瑚产生严重和无法逆转的不利影响，并削弱其承受过度捕捞和污染等其他压力的能力，", "再次深为关切包括北极海洋和冰冠在内的极地区域脆弱的环境和生态系统，因为气候变化预计产生的不利影响尤其会影响到它们，", "确认有必要采取更为统一和以生态环境为基础的方法，进一步研究和推动采取措施，在养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围以外区域的海洋生物多样性方面加强合作、协调和协作，", "又确认国际合作、技术援助、先进科学知识以及提供资金和开展能力建设，都可以使《公约》产生更多的惠益，", "还确认测量海道和制作海图对于海上航行和生命的安全、环境保护(包括保护脆弱的海洋生态系统)和全球航运业的经济效益都至关重要，并鼓励进一步努力采用电子制图，这不仅能大大增加安全航行和船舶航行管理的好处，而且能提供数据和资料用于可持续渔业活动和海洋环境的其他部门性用途，用于划定海洋界限和保护环境，并注意到1974年《国际海上人命安全公约》[9] 关于国际航行船舶须配有电子海图显示信息系统的要求的修正案生效，", "确认按照国际法布设并运作的海洋数据浮标对于挽救生命至关重要，因为这些浮标能侦测风暴潮和海啸且能提高对天气、气候和生态系统的认识，重申严重关切对它们有意和无意的损坏，", "强调水下的考古、文化和历史遗产，包括沉船和水运工具，蕴含着人类历史的重要信息，是需要保护和保存的资源，", "关切地注意到继续存在海上跨国有组织犯罪问题，包括非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物，偷渡移徙者和贩卖人口，海上安全和安保面临的威胁，包括海盗、海上武装抢劫、走私以及针对航运、海上设施和其他海事权益的恐怖主义行为，并注意到此类活动造成令人痛惜的生命损失，对国际贸易、能源保障和全球经济造成不利影响，", "确认海底光纤电缆传输全球大部分数据和通讯，因而对全球经济及所有国家的国家安全都极为重要，意识到这些电缆很容易受到航运和其他活动有意和意外的损害，它们的维护，包括修理十分重要，注意到在各种讲习班和研讨会上，已提请各国注意这些事项，意识到各国需要制订国家法律和法规，保护海底电缆，把故意损坏电缆的行为或因重大过失而损坏电缆的行为定为应受惩处的罪行，", "注意到划定200海里以外大陆架外部界限的重要性，拥有200海里以外大陆架的沿海国向大陆架界限委员会(“委员会”)提交有关200海里以外大陆架外部界限的资料符合国际社会的更广泛利益，并欣见许多缔约国就200海里以外大陆架外部界限向委员会提交划界案，委员会在向沿海国提出建议等方面继续发挥作用，目前正在公布建议摘要，[10]", "又注意到许多沿海缔约国按照第十八次公约缔约国会议关于委员会工作量和各国(特别是发展中国家)履行《公约》附件二第四条的能力的决定以及SPLOS/72号文件(a)段所载决定，[11] 提交了说明200海里以外大陆架外部界限的初步资料，", "还注意到一些沿海国在编写和向委员会提交划界案时仍会遇到特殊挑战，", "注意到，在进行涉及编写并向委员会提交划界案的活动时，发展中国家可通过2000年10月30日第55/7号决议为协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家，遵照《公约》第七十六条编写并向委员会提交划界案而设立的自愿信托基金等途径，寻求财政和技术援助，并可寻求其他可以获得的国际援助，", "确认第55/7号决议设立的各项信托基金在协助来自发展中国家的委员会成员参加委员会会议和满足《公约》附件二第四条的要求方面起到重要作用，赞赏地注意到最近对基金的捐款，", "重申委员会的工作对沿海国和整个国际社会的重要性，", "确认因已经收到和尚未收到的划界案数目多，委员会工作量很大，给委员会成员和由联合国秘书长通过秘书处法律事务厅海洋事务和海洋法司(“海法司”)提供的秘书处带来更多的要求和挑战，并承认第二十一次公约缔约国会议就委员会工作量所作的决定，[12]", "关切地注意到与委员会已经收到和尚未收到的划界案有关的委员会工作预计时间表，[13] 以及在这方面委员会届会和小组委员会会议的会期产生的后果，", "确认预计时间表对各国很不公平并为其带来严重困难，包括在留住具有专门知识人员方面的困难，原因是划界案的编写工作和委员会审议划界案的工作之间拖延时间很长，", "又确认需要采取行动，确保委员会能根据《公约》迅速、有效和切实履行其各项职能，并保持高质量和高专业水平，", "回顾在2002年12月12日第57/141号和2003年12月23日第58/240号决议中，大会根据可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的建议，[14] 决定在联合国主持下建立一个经常性程序，在现有区域评估的基础上，提交有关海洋环境，包括社会经济方面的现状和前景的全球报告和评估，并指出各国需要为此目的进行合作，", "又回顾第65/37A号决议第202、203和209段所载关于联合国下设并应向大会负责的经常程序的决定，", "还回顾已指定海法司向经常程序，包括其已设立的机构提供秘书处支助，", "确认1999年11月24日第54/33号决议为促进大会对海洋事务发展情况进行年度审查而设立的非正式协商进程的工作的重要性和作出的贡献，", "注意到秘书长根据《公约》和大会相关决议，特别是1994年12月6日第49/28号和1997年11月26日第52/26号决议以及第54/33、65/37A和65/37B号决议承担的责任，并在这方面注意到，特别是鉴于向海法司提出的额外产出和会议服务请求数目不断增多，海法司的活动大幅增加，能力建设活动也越来越多，需要增加对委员会的支持和援助，并在机构间协调与合作方面发挥作用，", "重申国际海底管理局(“管理局”)根据《公约》和《关于执行1982年12月10日<联合国海洋法公约>第十一部分的协定》(《第十一部分协定》)[15] 开展工作的重要性，", "又重申国际海洋法法庭(“海洋法法庭”)根据《公约》开展工作的重要性，", "一 《公约》和相关协定及文书的执行", "1. 重申其每年关于海洋法和关于海洋和海洋法的各项决议，包括第65/37A和65/37B号决议以及关于《公约》¹ 的其他相关决议；", "2. 又重申《公约》的统一性和维护《公约》的完整性至关重要；", "3. 吁请所有尚未参加《公约》和《第十一部分协定》¹⁵ 的国家参加这两份文书，以实现普遍参加的目标；", "4. 吁请尚未参加《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》(《鱼类种群协定》)[16] 的国家参加该《协定》，以实现普遍参加的目标；", "5. 吁请各国使其国内立法与《公约》的规定保持一致，并在适用时与各相关协定和文书的规定保持一致，以确保统一适用这些规定，同时确保各国已作出的或在签署、批准或加入《公约》时作出的任何声明或说明无意排除或修改《公约》规定在适用于有关国家时具有的法律效力，并撤消这类声明或说明；", "6. 吁请尚未按照《公约》规定向秘书长交存海图或地理坐标表的公约缔约国交存这些图表，最好是使用最新的公认大地基准；", "7. 敦促所有国家遵照《公约》，直接或通过主管国际机构开展合作，采取措施保护和保存海上发现的考古和历史物件，并吁请各国合作应对各种挑战和机遇，例如，打捞法与科学管理和保存水下文化遗产之间的适当关系、发现和探测水下场址的技术能力的不断提高、抢掠行为和水下旅游业的不断扩大等；", "8. 注意到最近交存2001年《保护水下文化遗产公约》[17] 的批准书和接受书的情况，吁请尚未参加该公约的国家考虑参加，并特别注意到该公约所附规则，其中规定了各缔约方、其国民和悬挂其国旗的船舶适用打捞法与管理、保存和保护水下文化遗产科学原则之间的关系；", "二 能力建设", "9. 强调必须进行能力建设，确保各国，特别是发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国，能够全面执行《公约》，从海洋的可持续开发中获益，并充分参加关于海洋事务和海洋法的全球和区域论坛；", "10. 又强调必须在国家、区域和全球各级开展国际合作进行能力建设，包括跨部门合作，弥合海洋事务和海洋法(包括海洋科学)方面能力建设上的差距；", "11. 呼吁能力建设倡议应考虑到发展中国家的需求，并吁请各国、国际组织和捐助机构努力确保此类倡议的可持续性；", "12. 吁请捐助机构和国际金融机构不断系统地审查其方案，确保所有国家，特别是发展中国家都能获得必要的经济、法律、航行、科学和技术技能，以全面执行《公约》和实现本决议的各项目标，并在国家、区域和全球各级实现海洋的可持续开发，同时铭记内陆发展中国家的权益和需要；", "13. 鼓励加强努力，使发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国建立能力，改进海道测量工作和海图(包括电子海图)的制作，并在国际金融机构和捐助界的支持下筹集资源和建立能力；", "14. 吁请各国和国际金融机构，继续通过双边、区域和全球合作方案和技术伙伴关系等途径，加强各国特别是发展中国家在海洋科学研究领域的能力建设活动，包括培训人员以建立和加强有关的专业知识，提供必要的设备、设施和船只以及转让无害环境的技术；", "15. 又吁请各国和国际金融机构，通过双边、区域和全球合作方案和技术伙伴关系等途径，加强发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家的能力建设活动，以建立其海洋管理机构和有关法律框架，建立或加强必要的基础设施、立法和执法能力，以促使切实遵守、履行和落实它们根据国际法所承担的职责；", "16. 强调必须注重加强南南合作，作为建设能力的又一条途径以及进一步帮助各国确定其自身优先事项和需求的合作机制；", "17. 确认国际海事组织国际海事法研究所作为主要来自发展中国家的政府法律顾问的教育和培训中心开展的工作十分重要，肯定该研究所在国际法领域中切实发挥能力建设作用，并敦促各国、政府间组织和金融机构自愿为该所的预算捐款；", "18. 又确认国际海事组织世界海洋大学作为一个海事教育和研究中心所具有的重要性，肯定它在海洋运输、政策、行政、管理、安全、安保和环境保护等领域切实发挥能力建设作用及在知识的国际交流和转让方面所发挥的作用，并敦促各国、政府间组织和其他机构自愿向该大学捐款；", "19. 欢迎当前为满足海上安全和安保的需求和保护发展中国家的海洋环境而开展的能力建设活动，并鼓励各国和国际金融机构为包括技术转让在内的能力建设方案提供更多资金，包括通过国际海事组织和其他主管国际组织这样做；", "20. 确认十分需要相关国际组织和捐助方不断在资金和技术等方面帮助发展中国家建设能力，以便它们更有能力按照相关国际文书，包括《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》及其《议定书》，[18] 采取有效措施，打击各种形式的国际海上犯罪活动；", "21. 又确认需要建立发展中国家的能力，以提高它们对改进废物管理方法的认识，支持它们落实该管理方法，同时注意到小岛屿发展中国家尤其容易受到陆上来源和海洋废弃物造成的海洋污染的影响；", "22. 还确认协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国执行《公约》的重要性，敦促各国、政府间组织和机构、国家机构、非政府组织和国际金融机构以及自然人和法人，如第55/7和57/141号决议及2009年12月4日第64/71号决议所述，向为此目的设立的各信托基金提供自愿捐款或其他捐助；", "23. 承认能力建设对于发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国保护海洋环境、养护和可持续利用海洋资源的重要性；", "24. 确认促进自愿转让技术是海洋科学能力建设极为重要的一个方面；", "25. 鼓励各国采用联合国教育、科学及文化组织政府间海洋学委员会大会2003年在其第二十二届会议上通过的《海洋技术转让标准和准则》，[19] 并回顾该委员会秘书处在实施和推广《标准和准则》方面发挥的重要作用；", "26. 满意地注意到海法司努力编写有关能力建设倡议的资料，请秘书长继续定期更新由各国、国际组织和捐助机构提供的此类资料，并将其列入提交大会的年度报告，邀请各国、国际组织和捐助机构为此目的向秘书长提交此种资料，并请海法司以易于查阅的方式在其网站发布秘书长年度报告中关于能力建设倡议的资料，以便利把能力建设需求同机会相匹配；", "27. 吁请各国通过双边，并酌情通过多边途径，协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国编写提交给委员会的关于划定200海里以外大陆架外部界限的划界案，包括评估沿海国大陆架的性质和范围，并回顾沿海国可在编订划界案数据时根据《公约》附件二第三条，向委员会提出科学技术咨询的请求；", "28. 吁请海法司继续分发资料，介绍为协助编写提交给委员会的划界案而设立的信托基金的相关程序，并继续同潜在受益方对话，以便从财政上协助发展中国家开展活动，推动按照《公约》第七十六条的要求及委员会的《议事规则》[20] 和《科学和技术准则》[21] 编写划界案；", "29. 请秘书长与各国及相关国际组织和机构开展合作，继续支持培训和其他活动，以协助发展中国家编写和向委员会提交划界案；", "30. 赞赏地注意到海法司对国家一级和区域一级能力建设活动的贡献；", "31. 邀请有能力的会员国和其他方面支助海法司的能力建设活动，特别包括旨在协助发展中国家编写提交给委员会的划界案的培训和其他活动，又邀请有能力的会员国和其他方面向秘书长为法律事务厅设立的信托基金捐款，以支持促进国际法，对已捐款者表示感谢；", "32. 赞赏地确认汉密尔顿·谢利·阿梅拉辛格海洋法纪念研究金为发展中国家的能力建设和促进海洋法所作的重要贡献，注意到会员国慷慨拨款，才得以在2011年颁发第二十四次研究金，还注意到研究金的资金余额仍然很少，因此再次申明严重关切仍然缺乏资源，并紧急吁请有能力的会员国和其他方面为该研究金的进一步发展慷慨捐款，以确保每年都能颁发研究金，并适当注意到秘书长将该研究金列入联合国发展活动认捐会议的信托基金清单；", "33. 又赞赏地确认联合国-日本财团日本研究金方案依赖其40多个东道机构网络，自2005年以来向来自54个会员国的个人颁发了70项研究金，并于2011年7月10日至16日在内罗毕召开了第三次区域校友会，强调自然科学和社会科学的一体性，促进校友间和校友组织间的相互联系，为发展中会员国在海洋事务和海洋法及相关学科方面开发人力资源以及促进综合及跨部门方法作出重要贡献；", "34. 还赞赏地确认全球环境基金划拨资金用于同海洋及海洋生物多样性有关的项目；", "三 缔约国会议", "35. 欢迎第二十一次公约缔约国会议的报告⁵ 和为选举委员会一名成员而于2011年8月11日举行的特别会议的报告；[22]", "36. 请秘书长于2012年6月4日至11日在纽约召开第二十二次公约缔约国会议，并提供必要的全套会议服务，包括文件；", "四 和平解决争端", "37. 满意地注意到海洋法法庭继续在按照《公约》第十五部分以和平手段解决争端方面作出重要贡献，并着重指出该法庭在《公约》和《第十一部分协定》的解释或适用方面的重要作用和权威；", "38. 赞扬国际法院长期以来在和平解决关于海洋法的争端方面发挥重要作用；", "39. 注意到，与《公约》目的相关的一项国际协定的缔约国，可就该协定的解释或适用，向除其他外海洋法法庭或国际法院提交任何按照该协定规定提交的争端，又注意到，《海洋法法庭规约》和《法院规约》规定可将争端提交某一分庭；", "40. 鼓励尚未作出书面声明的公约缔约国考虑作出书面声明，在《公约》第二八七条所列各种方式中作出选择，用于解决涉及《公约》和《第十一部分协定》的解释或适用的争端，同时铭记《公约》第十五部分所规定的解决争端机制的全面性；", "五 “区域”", "41. 鼓励在最后拟定“区域”内富钴铁锰结壳探矿和勘探条例方面取得进展，并重申管理局必须按照《公约》第一四五条继续拟订确保切实保护海洋环境的规则、条例和程序，以便，除其他外，保护和养护“区域”的自然资源，防止“区域”内活动可能产生的有害影响损害海洋环境中的动植物；", "42. 承认管理局为散发海洋法法庭海底争端分庭2011年2月1日应管理局理事会请求并按照《公约》第一九一条的规定就担保个人和实体从事“区域”内活动的国家所负责任和义务发表的咨询意见[23] 而采取的行动；", "43. 注意到《公约》第一四三和一四五条赋予管理局的责任十分重大，这两条分别涉及海洋科学研究和海洋环境保护；", "六 管理局和海洋法法庭的有效运作", "44. 呼吁所有公约缔约国按时足额向管理局和海洋法法庭缴付摊款，并呼吁拖欠摊款的缔约国毫不拖延地履行其义务；", "45. 敦促所有公约缔约国出席管理局各届会议，并吁请管理局继续研究所有可选办法，包括就日期问题提出具体建议，以便提高金斯敦会议的出席率并确保全球的参与；", "46. 吁请尚未批准或加入《海洋法法庭特权和豁免协定》[24] 和《管理局特权和豁免议定书》[25] 的国家考虑批准或加入这两项文书；", "47. 强调海洋法法庭有关在征聘具有区域代表性的专业及以上职类工作人员的规则和工作人员条例十分重要，欢迎该法庭已为遵守这些规则和条例采取的行动；", "48. 赞赏地注意到海洋法法庭海底争端分庭2011年2月1日应管理局理事会请求并按照《公约》第一九一条的规定就担保个人和实体从事“区域”内活动的国家所负责任和义务发表的咨询意见；", "七 大陆架和委员会的工作", "49. 回顾沿海国应按照《公约》第七十六条第8款的规定，向根据附件二在公平地域代表性基础上设立的委员会提交关于从测算领海宽度的基线量起200海里以外大陆架界限的资料，委员会应就有关划定大陆架外部界限的事项向沿海国提出建议，沿海国在这些建议的基础上划定的大陆架界限应具有最终效力和拘束力；", "50. 又回顾根据《公约》第七十七条第3款的规定，沿海国对大陆架的权利并不取决于有效占领或象征占领或任何明文公告；", "51. 满意地注意到许多公约缔约国都根据《公约》第七十六条和《公约》附件二第四条的规定，同时考虑到SPLOS/72号文件(a)段所载第十一次公约缔约国会议的决定，向委员会提交了有关划定200海里以外大陆架外部界限的资料；", "52. 又满意地注意到许多公约缔约国都根据第十八次公约缔约国会议的决定，[26] 向秘书长提交表明200海里以外大陆架外部界限的初步资料，并说明根据《公约》第七十六条的要求及委员会的《议事规则》和《科学技术准则》编写划界案的情况和预定提交划界案的日期；", "53. 还满意地注意到委员会工作的进展，[27] 且委员会正在审议就划定200海里以外大陆架外部界限提交的一些划界案；", "54. 满意地注意到委员会考虑到第十八次公约缔约国会议的决定，[28] 编纂了组织、数据/资料门户和数据持有方的网站清单，这些网站都提供了可能与编写划界案有关的一般资料和可利用的公开科学技术数据，委员会还在其网站[29] 上提供了这一信息；", "55. 表示注意到委员会就一些沿海国家的划界案提出的建议，并欢迎公布建议摘要；¹⁰", "56. 注意到委员会对沿海国根据《公约》第七十六条和附件二提交的划界案的审议并不妨碍缔约国适用《公约》其他部分；", "57. 关切地注意到由于划界案数量大，委员会的工作量十分沉重，给委员会成员和由海法司提供的秘书处带来更多的要求和挑战，为此强调，需要确保委员会能迅速、有效和切实履行职能，并保持高质量和高专业水平；", "58. 注意到第二十一次公约缔约国会议就委员会工作量所作的决定，¹² 其中，除其他措施外，请委员会考虑与秘书处协调，从2012年6月16日起，在秘书处现有资源范围内，委员会及其尽可能同时举行会议的小组委员会在纽约举行不超过26周，但不少于原定的在五年内至少每年21周的会议，以委员会认为最有效的方式分配会议，且不能连续举行两次会议；", "59. 欢迎第二十一次公约缔约国会议决定¹² 在第二十六次公约缔约国会议上审议该决定第1段提议的措施，以便评估缩短委员会完成工作量的预期时间取得的进展；", "60. 再次申明有专家在委员会任职的缔约国根据《公约》有责任承担由它们提名的专家在履行委员会职责期间的费用，并敦促这些国家根据《公约》尽力确保专家们充分参加委员会的工作，包括出席小组委员会会议；", "61. 请秘书长在现有总体资源限度内继续采取适当措施，进一步加强海法司作为委员会秘书处的能力，特别是在人力资源方面，以便确保更多地支持和协助委员会及其小组委员会按委员会的《议事规则》附件三第9段的要求审议划界案，同时考虑到需要同时围绕数个划界案开展工作；", "62. 敦促秘书长继续根据《公约》附件二第二条第5款，向委员会提供所有必要的秘书处服务；", "63. 请秘书长采取适当和及时措施，以确保在第二十一次公约缔约国会议的决定¹² 中所要求的长时期内向委员会及其小组委员会提供秘书处服务；", "64. 因此又请秘书长向海法司分配适当和足够资源，以向委员会提供由于其工作周数增加而需要的充分服务和协助，包括设立更多员额，以加强海法司向委员会提供的地理信息系统、法律和行政支助；", "65. 赞赏各国捐款给第55/7号决议为协助编写提交给委员会的划界案设立的自愿信托基金和该决议同时为支付来自发展中国家的委员会成员出席委员会会议的费用设立的自愿信托基金，鼓励各国向这些基金提供更多捐款；", "66. 核可秘书长分别于2012年3月19日至4月27日和2012年7月30日至8月10日在纽约召开委员会第二十九和三十届会议，为这两届会议的全体会议部分[30] 以及委员会可能要求召开的第二十九和三十届会议任何续会提供包括文件在内的全套会议服务，请秘书长在现有总体资源范围内全力满足这些要求，但有一项谅解，即第二十九届会议的下列时段将用于在海法司的地理信息系统实验室和其他技术设施对划界案进行技术审查：2012年3月19日至4月5日和2012年4月23日至27日；", "67. 坚信委员会根据《公约》开展工作，包括围绕沿海国参加与其划界案有关的活动开展工作十分重要，并确认沿海国和委员会需要不断进行积极交流；", "68. 赞赏各国交换意见，以便进一步了解适用《公约》第七十六条引起的问题，包括所涉支出，从而便利各国特别是发展中国家编写提交给委员会的划界案，并鼓励各国继续交换意见；", "69. 注意到不少划界案尚待委员会处理，在这方面强调指出，迫切需要公约缔约国迅速采取适当步骤，使委员会能够及时、有效和切实审议更多的划界案；", "70. 请秘书长与会员国合作，考虑到需要加强发展中国家在编写划界案方面的能力建设，继续支持关于划定200海里以外大陆架外部界限的科学和技术问题的研讨会或专题讨论会,注意到安哥拉政府为此于2011年5月16日至20日在罗安达举行的研讨会；", "八 海事安全和安保与船旗国的执行情况", "71. 鼓励各国批准或加入各项关于航行安全和安保以及海事劳工的国际协定，采取符合《公约》和其他相关国际文书的必要措施，以执行和实施这些协定所载规则，并强调需要促进发展中国家的能力建设并向发展中国家提供援助；", "72. 确认有关海上安全和安保的法律制度可能有相辅相成的共同目标，可相互关联，并通过相互配合而获益，鼓励各国在实施时考虑到这一点；", "73. 强调必须进一步努力，促进在航运业形成安全和安保文化，处理训练有素的人员短缺的问题，并敦促设立更多中心提供所需教育和培训；", "74. 又强调采取安全和安保措施时应尽量减少对海员和渔民，特别对其工作条件的不利影响；", "75. 注意到《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》[31] 和《海员培训、发证和值班规则》的2010年修正案（亦称“马尼拉修正案”），[32] 邀请尚未批准或加入上述公约和《1995年渔船船员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》的国家批准或加入该两项公约；", "76. 邀请尚未批准或加入国际劳工组织2006年《海事劳工公约》、2007年《捕捞工作公约》(《第188号公约》)和2003年《海员身份证件公约》(修订本)(《第185号公约》)[33] 的国家批准或加入上述公约，切实执行这些公约，并强调需要应各国的请求向它们提供这方面的技术合作和协助；", "77. 欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织、国际海事组织和国际劳工组织目前正就渔民和渔船的安全开展合作，着重指出迫切需要继续在这方面开展工作，并注意到国际海事组织核可了《协助主管部门实施渔民和渔船安全规则B部分的准则》、《小型渔船设计、建造和装备的自愿准则》和《无甲板渔船和长度不足12米有甲板渔船的安全建议》，[34] 并随后转发给联合国粮食及农业组织和国际劳工组织核可；", "78. 鼓励《控制危险废物越境转移及其处置巴塞尔公约》[35] 缔约方在制订条例防止船舶造成污染方面进一步同国际海事组织进行合作；", "79. 鼓励各国考虑参加《1996年国际海上运载有害和有毒物质造成损害的责任和赔偿公约》的《2010年议定书》；[36]", "80. 回顾为消除对海上安保的威胁而采取的所有行动都必须符合国际法，包括《宪章》和《公约》所载原则；", "81. 确认全球、区域、次区域和双边各级国际合作发挥重大作用，有助于根据国际法消除对海上安保的各种威胁，包括海盗行为、海上武装抢劫及针对航运、海上设施和其他海事权益的恐怖主义行为，具体做法是建立监测、防止和应对此类威胁的双边和多边文书和机制，在发现、防止和遏制此类威胁方面加强各国之间的信息交流，在适当尊重各国法律的情况下起诉违法者，并确认需要不断开展能力建设以协助实现这些目标；", "82. 注意到海盗行为的影响波及从事海事活动的所有船舶；", "83. 强调必须迅速上报事件，以便能获得关于海盗和武装抢劫船舶问题范围的准确信息，且遭受武装抢劫的船舶必须向沿海国报告，着重指出切实同可能受海盗和武装抢劫船舶事件影响的国家交流信息的重要性，并注意到国际海事组织的重要作用；", "84. 敦促各国同国际海事组织合作，以下列方式积极打击海盗行为和海上武装抢劫：采取措施，包括协助进行能力建设，例如对海员、港务人员和执法人员进行培训，以防止、报告和调查这类事件，依照国际法将被指控的违法者绳之以法；制定国内立法；提供执法船只和设备并防范虚假不实的船舶登记；", "85. 鼓励各国确保有效实施《公约》所述适用于打击海盗行为的国际法，吁请各国根据本国法律采取适当步骤，依照国际法协助抓捕和起诉那些被指控实施海盗行为，包括资助和协助此类行为的人，并考虑到符合《公约》的其他相关文书；", "86. 严重关切海盗行为和海上武装抢劫对海员和其他人员的安全和福利的威胁；", "87. 邀请各国、国际海事组织、国际劳工组织和其他相关国际组织及机构酌情采取或建议采取措施，以保护遭遇海盗行为的海员和渔民获释后的利益和福利，包括其事后护理和重新融入社会；", "88. 注意到国际海事组织、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室及海法司目前在汇编海盗问题国内立法方面开展的合作，并注意到秘书处收到的国内立法文本已放到海法司网站上；¹⁰", "89. 鼓励在亚洲区域继续通过国家、双边和三边举措以及区域合作机制依照国际法打击海盗，包括对海盗行为的资助和协助以及海上武装抢劫行为，吁请其他国家立即注意在区域一级通过、达成和执行合作协定，打击海盗和武装抢劫船舶行为；", "90. 再次严重关切索马里沿海的海盗和海上武装抢劫事件继续发生，尤其对船只遭劫持感到震惊，支持最近全球和区域两级为处理这一问题所作的努力，注意到安全理事会通过了2008年6月2日第1816(2008)号、2008年10月7日第1838(2008)号、2008年12月2日第1846(2008)号、2008年12月16日第1851(2008)号、2009年11月30日第1897(2009)号、2010年4月27日第1918(2010)号、2010年11月23日第1950(2010)号、2011年4月11日第1976（2011）号和2011年10月24日第2015(2011)号决议以及2010年8月25日安全理事会主席声明，[37] 并注意到第1816(2008)号决议的授权和第1838(2008)、1846(2008)、1851(2008)、1897(2009)和1950(2010)号决议的规定只适用于索马里的情况，不影响会员国在其他任何情况下按照国际法拥有的权利、义务或责任，包括根据《公约》享有的任何权利或义务，并特别强调，不应将其视为确立习惯国际法；", "91. 赞赏地注意到秘书长2011年6月15日按照安全理事会第1976(2011)号决议的要求编写的报告；[38]", "92. 注意到第1851(2008)号决议获得通过后索马里沿海海盗问题联络小组继续作出的努力，包括设立联络小组下属的关于索马里海盗行为的财务问题的第5工作组，重点负责并协调打乱海盗陆上经营活动的工作,并赞扬各国在努力打击索马里沿海海盗行为方面所作的贡献；", "93. 确认索马里过渡联邦政府在打击海盗和武装抢劫船舶行为方面所发挥的首要作用，承认以全面和可持续方式解决索马里问题的重要性，强调需要解决海盗行为的根源，协助索马里和该区域各国加强机构能力，以打击索马里沿海海盗（包括对海盗行为的资助和协助）和武装抢劫船舶行为，并依法惩处实施此种行为者；", "94. 注意到国际海事组织核可了协助调查海盗和武装抢劫船舶罪行准则，[39] 经修订的船东、船舶经营人和船长在高风险海区使用私营承包的船上武装保安人员事宜临时指南，[40] 经修订的船旗国在高风险海区使用私营承包的船上武装保安人员事宜临时建议[41] 和港口国和沿海国在高风险海区使用私营承包的船上武装保安人员事宜临时建议；[42]", "95. 又注意到国际海事组织颁发了航运界制订的《阻止索马里沿海和阿拉伯海海域海盗行为最佳管理做法》，[43] 注意到国际海事组织2011年5月20日通过了关于实施最佳管理做法指南的决议；[44]", "96. 回顾2009年1月29日国际海事组织主持通过了《关于打击西印度洋和亚丁湾海盗和武装抢劫船舶的行为守则》(《吉布提行为守则》)，[45] 并回顾由日本发起的多方捐助者信托基金——国际海事组织吉布提行为守则信托基金的设立和目前为执行该《行为守则》开展的活动；", "97. 敦促各国确保全面执行国际海事组织大会2009年12月2日通过的关于索马里沿海水域海盗和武装抢劫船舶行为的A.1026(26)号决议；", "98. 吁请尚未参加《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》和《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》[46] 的国家参加这两项文书，注意到《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约2005年议定书》[47] 和《1988年制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书2005年议定书》[48] 于2010年7月28日生效，邀请尚未参加这些议定书的国家考虑参加，并敦促缔约国采取适当措施，酌情制定立法，确保这些文书得到有效执行；", "99. 吁请各国有效执行《国际船舶和港口设施保安规则》以及《国际海上人命安全公约》各修正案，[49] 并与国际海事组织合作促进安全无虞的航运，同时确保航行自由；", "100.　注意到国际海事组织海事安全委员会核可了《国际海上人命安全公约》第十一-2章和《国际船舶和港口设施保安规则》的用户指南；[50]", "101. 敦促各国同国际海事组织合作，根据国际法，在防止、报告并调查针对海上设施的暴力行为方面采取各种措施，并通过国家立法实施这些措施，确保适当充分强制执行，以此加强对海上设施的保护；", "102. 强调区域合作的进展，包括沿岸国在增强马六甲海峡和新加坡海峡的安全、安保和环境保护方面所作的努力，以及航行安全和环境保护合作机制的有效运作，以推动沿岸国、使用国、航运业及其他利益攸关者之间根据《公约》第四十三条进行对话，促进它们之间的密切合作；赞赏地注意到作为合作机制关键支柱的三项活动的开展——2011年10月10日和11日在马来西亚举行第四次合作论坛、2011年10月12日在马来西亚举行第四次项目协调委员会会议和2011年10月17日和18日在马来西亚举行航运辅助设施基金委员会第七次会议，并赞赏地注意到设在新加坡的亚洲地区反海盗及武装劫船合作协定信息交流中心所发挥的重要作用；吁请各国立即注意在区域一级通过、达成和实施合作协定；", "103. 确认某些跨国有组织犯罪活动对合法使用海洋构成威胁，危及海上人命安全；", "104. 注意到跨国有组织犯罪活动形式多样，有时可能相互关联，犯罪组织伺机行事，并利用各国，尤其是沿途地区的沿海国和小岛屿发展中国家的弱点，吁请各国和相关政府间组织在各级加强合作与协调，根据国际法查明和取缔偷渡移徙者和贩卖人口的行为；", "105. 确认必须在各级加强国际合作，打击跨国有组织犯罪活动，包括非法贩运联合国各项禁止非法贩运毒品文书所列麻醉药品和精神药物，以及《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[51] 所列偷渡移徙者行为、贩卖人口行为和海上犯罪活动；", "106. 吁请尚未参加《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于打击陆、海、空偷运移民的补充议定书》、[52]《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于打击非法制造和贩运枪支及其零部件和弹药的补充议定书》[53] 和《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》[54] 的国家考虑参加这几项议定书，并采取适当措施确保加以有效执行；", "107. 吁请各国依照国际法尤其是《公约》的规定，确保航行自由、航行安全以及过境通过、群岛海道通过和无害通过的权利；", "108. 欢迎国际海事组织在保护具有战略重要性和意义的航道，尤其是增强用于国际航行的海峡的安全、安保和环保方面开展的工作，并吁请国际海事组织、海峡沿岸国和使用国继续进行合作，按照国际法尤其是《公约》的规定，保持这些海峡始终安全无虞，环境得到保护，开放供国际通航；", "109. 吁请使用国际通航海峡的国家和这些海峡的沿岸国继续通过关于航行安全(包括航行安全辅助设备)以及防止、减少和控制船舶污染事项的协议，开展合作，并欢迎这方面的事态发展；", "110. 吁请接受1974年《国际海上人命安全公约》第XI-1/6号条例修正案[55] 的国家执行《对海难或海事事件进行安全调查的国际标准和推荐做法守则》，[56] 该《守则》已于2010年1月1日生效；", "111.　吁请尚未加入国际水道测量组织的国家考虑加入，敦促各国同该组织一道努力，在全球范围内增加水道测量信息覆盖面，以加强能力建设和技术援助，促进航行安全，尤其是通过制作和使用准确的电子导航图，特别是在国际航行地区、港口和内有脆弱海洋区或受保护海洋区的水域；", "112.　鼓励各国继续努力执行国际原子能机构理事会于2004年3月核可的《放射性物质运输安全行动计划》[57] 的所有方面；", "113.　又注意到，停止通过小岛屿发展中国家区域运输放射性物质，是小岛屿发展中国家和一些其他国家渴望的最终目标，确认国际法规定的航行自由权；各国应继续对话和磋商，特别是在国际原子能机构和国际海事组织的主持下开展对话和磋商，以期在放射性物质的安全海运方面加强相互了解，建立信任，增强交流；敦促参与运输此类物质的国家继续与小岛屿发展中国家和其他国家对话，以解决它们关注的问题；这些关注包括在适当的论坛内进一步建立和加强国际监管制度，加强此类运输的安全、披露、责任、安保和补偿；", "114.　承认根据上文第113段，海事事件和事故，尤其是涉及运输放射性物质的事件和事故，可能对沿海国产生环境和经济影响，并强调这方面有效责任制度的重要性；", "115.　鼓励各国拟订计划和制定程序，执行国际海事组织2003年12月5日通过的《为需要帮助的船舶提供避难处所准则》；[58]", "116.　邀请尚未参加2007年《内罗毕船舶残骸清除国际公约》[59] 的国家考虑参加该公约；", "117.　请各国对悬挂其国旗或在本国登记的船舶采取适当措施，消除沉船和漂浮或沉没的货物可能对航行或海洋环境造成的危害；", "118.　吁请各国确保悬挂其国旗的船舶的船长采取相关文书[60] 所要求的措施，向海上遇险人员提供援助，并敦促各国合作和采取一切必要措施，确保《国际海上搜寻救助公约》和《国际海上人命安全公约》关于将海上获救人员送至安全地点的修正案[61]^(、)[62] 及相关的《海上获救人员待遇准则》[63] 得到有效执行；", "119.　确认所有国家均需履行搜救责任，国际海事组织和其他相关组织目前需要协助各国尤其是发展中国家加强搜救能力，包括设立更多救援协调中心和区域次中心，同时采取有效行动，在其国家管辖范围内尽可能处理不适航船舶和小船问题；", "120.　欢迎国际海事组织正在就海上获救人员上岸问题开展工作，为此注意到执行所有相关国际文书的必要性；", "121.　注意到国际海事组织于2010年12月2日通过了经修订的防止偷渡者入境和寻求成功解决偷渡案件的职责分配的准则；[64]", "122.　吁请各国继续开展合作，采用综合方式处理国际移徙和发展问题，包括就其涉及的所有方面开展对话；", "123.　又吁请各国按照《公约》所述国际法，采取措施保护海底光纤电缆，全面处理同这些电缆有关的问题；", "124.　鼓励各国与有关区域性及世界性组织通过关于保护和维护海底光纤电缆的研讨会和专题讨论会加强对话与合作，促进此种至关重要的通信基础设施的安保；", "125.　又鼓励各国依照《公约》所体现的国际法，通过法律和规章，就悬挂本国旗帜的船舶或受其管辖的人故意或因重大疏忽而破坏或损害公海海底电缆或管线行为作出规定；", "126.　申明必须依照《公约》所体现的国际法对海底电缆进行维护，包括修理；", "127.　重申船旗国、港口国和沿海国都有责任根据国际法特别是《公约》确保有关海上安保和安全的国际文书切实得到执行和实施，并重申船旗国负有主要责任，这种责任需要进一步加强，包括通过提高船舶所有权的透明度这样做；", "128.　敦促没有建立有效海事管理机构和适当法律框架的船旗国建立或加强必要的基础结构及立法和执法能力，以确保有效遵守、执行和实施国际法尤其是《公约》规定的责任，并在未采取这种行动前，考虑不授权新船舶悬挂其国旗，停止船舶登记或不开放登记册，同时吁请船旗国和港口国采取一切符合国际法的必要措施，防止不合标准的船舶从事营运；", "129.　确认，由于有了国际海事组织通过的有关海上安全、航行效率及预防和处理海洋污染的国际航运规则和标准以及航运业的最佳做法，海事事故和污染事件大大减少，鼓励所有国家参加国际海事组织成员国自愿审计制度，[65] 并注意到国际海事组织关于分阶段逐步采用审计制度作为一项制度化进程的决定；[66]", "130.　欣见国际海事组织努力为在极地水域作业的船舶制订强制性守则(“极地守则”)，鼓励各国和主管国际组织和机构支持继续努力在商定框架内最后拟定“极地守则”，使之尽快生效；", "131.　确认还可通过港口国切实进行监管，加强区域安排，扩大相互协调与合作，增加信息交流，包括安全和安保部门的交流，加强海上安全；", "132.　鼓励船旗国采取足够的适当措施，以获得或维持确认船旗国良好业绩的有关政府间安排给与的承认，包括酌情不断维持令人满意的港口国监管检查结果，以期提高航运质量，推动船旗国执行国际海事组织的相关文书及实现本决议的相关目的和目标；", "九 海洋环境和海洋资源", "133.　再次强调必须执行《公约》第十二部分，以保护和养护海洋环境及其海洋生物资源，防止污染和实际退化，并吁请所有国家直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作，采取符合《公约》的措施，保护和养护海洋环境；", "134.　注意到政府间气候变化专门委员会的工作，包括其关于海洋酸化的结论，并为此鼓励各国和主管国际组织和其他相关机构迅速各自并合作开展有关海洋酸化的进一步研究，特别是执行观察和测量方案，尤其注意到2008年5月19日至30日在德国波恩举行的生物多样性公约缔约方大会第九届会议通过的第IX/20号决定第4段，[67] 以及《生物多样性公约》的持续工作，并在国家、区域和国际各级加大努力力度，降低海洋酸化程度，减少对脆弱的海洋生态系统特别是珊蝴礁产生的不利影响；", "135.　鼓励各国各自或协同有关国际组织和机构，加强科学活动，更好地了解气候变化对海洋环境和海洋生物多样性的影响，并制订适应变化的方式方法，同时酌情考虑审慎方法和生态系统方法；", "136.　鼓励尚未采取行动的国家参加有关保护和养护海洋环境及其海洋生物资源、防止引进有害水生物和病原体、防止各种来源(包括倾倒废物和其他物质)造成的海洋污染及其他形式的实际退化的国际协定，以及对防备、应对和合作处理污染事件并对海洋污染造成损害的责任和赔偿作出规定的协定，并采取符合包括《公约》在内的国际法的必要措施，执行和实施这些协定所载规则；", "137.　鼓励各国直接或通过有关国际组织，考虑酌情根据包括《公约》在内的国际法，针对计划在其管辖或控制范围内进行的可能严重污染海洋环境或致使海洋环境发生重大有害变化的活动，进一步制订和适用环境影响评估程序，又鼓励依照《公约》向主管国际组织报告此类评估结果；", "138.　鼓励尚未这样做的国家参加有关保护和养护海洋环境的区域性海洋公约；", "139.　鼓励各国依照国际法，包括《公约》和其他相关文书，在双边或区域基础上，共同拟定并推行应急计划，应对污染事件以及其他可能对海洋环境和生物多样性造成重大不利影响的事件；", "140.　确认必须进一步了解气候变化对海洋的影响；", "141.　欢迎联合国环境规划署与联合国有关机构和组织合作就海洋废弃物开展活动，注意到美利坚合众国和联合国环境规划署于2011年3月20日至25日在美利坚合众国檀香山举办的第五届国际海洋废弃物会议，并鼓励各国与工业界和民间社会进一步发展伙伴关系，增进对海洋废弃物严重影响海洋环境的健康和生产力并造成经济损失的认识；", "142.　敦促各国将海洋废弃物问题纳入国家沿海地区、港口和海运业包括回收、重用、减少和处置在内的废物管理战略，并鼓励拟订适当的经济奖励措施处理这一问题，包括建立回收费用制度，奖励使用港口回收设施，促使船舶不在海上排放海洋废弃物，支持采取措施，如基于社区的沿海和水道清理和监测活动，防止、减少和控制来自任何来源(包括陆地来源)的污染，并鼓励各国开展区域和次区域合作，发现潜在的来源和海洋废弃物集聚的沿海及海洋地点，拟定和执行共同防止和回收海洋废弃物方案；", "143.　注意到国际海事组织为防止船舶垃圾污染所做的工作，欣见通过了对经1978年议定书修订的1973年《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》关于防止船舶垃圾污染的附件五的修正案；[68]", "144.　欣见对经1978年议定书修订的1973年《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》关于防止船舶油料污染的附件一的修正案于2011年8月1日生效，其内容涉及对在南极地区使用或运输油类提出特殊要求，禁止在南极地区进行重级油散装货运或把重级油作为燃料运输及使用；[69]", "145.　鼓励尚未参加经1978年议定书修订的1973年《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》的1997年议定书(附件六——《预防船舶空气污染条例》)和1972年《防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋的公约》的1996年议定书(《伦敦议定书》)的国家参加这两项议定书，并批准或加入2004年《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》，[70] 以推动该公约早日生效；", "146.　注意到国际海事组织正在依照关于国际海事组织减少船舶温室气体排放的政策和做法的决议[71] 开展工作；", "147.　敦促各国开展合作，根据国际海事组织制订的处理港口废物回收设施不足问题行动计划，[72] 解决港口废物回收设施不足的问题；", "148.　确认海洋污染物大多来自陆上活动，影响到海洋环境中最富饶的水域，并吁请各国优先执行《保护海洋环境免受陆上活动污染全球行动纲领》，[73] 采取一切适当措施履行国际社会在《促进执行全球行动纲领的北京宣言》[74] 中作出的承诺；", "149.　注意到第三次保护海洋环境免受陆上活动污染全球行动纲领执行情况政府间审查会议将于2012年1月25日和26日在马尼拉举行；", "150.　关切化肥流入河流造成的富营养化、污水排放和矿物燃料燃烧产生的活性氮致使海洋缺氧性死区不断扩大，给生态系统的运行带来严重后果，吁请各国进一步努力减少富营养化，并为此继续在相关国际组织的框架内，特别是在《全球行动纲领》的框架内开展合作；", "151.　吁请所有国家确保以负责任的方式开展城市和沿海发展项目和相关的造地活动，保护海洋生境和环境，减少这些活动的有害后果；", "152.　注意到按照联合国环境规划署理事会/全球部长级环境论坛第二十五届会议的协议，为拟定一项具有法律约束力的全球性汞问题文书，2011年1月24日至28日在日本千叶和2011年10月31日至11月4日在内罗毕分别举行了政府间谈判委员会第二和三届会议；[75]", "153.　欢迎各国、联合国环境规划署和各区域组织继续努力执行《全球行动纲领》，并鼓励在落实国际发展目标，包括《联合国千年宣言》⁸ 所载目标，《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡行动计划》)¹⁴ 中有时限规定的指标，特别是关于环境卫生的指标，以及《发展筹资问题国际会议蒙特雷共识》[76] 时，更加重视淡水、沿海区与海洋资源之间的联系；", "154.　回顾2008年10月27日至31日举行的关于控制海洋肥化的1972年防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋的公约(《伦敦公约》)缔约方第三十次协商会议和伦敦议定书缔约方第三次会议的决议，[77] 缔约方在该决议中除其他外，商定《伦敦公约》和《伦敦议定书》的范围涵盖海洋肥化活动，根据目前了解的情况，除了正当的科学研究外，不应允许海洋肥化活动，应采用伦敦公约科学组和伦敦议定书科学组制订的评估纲要，对科学研究提案进行个案评估，并商定，应为此视其他此类活动为违反《伦敦公约》和《伦敦议定书》的行为，且目前没有资格享受对《伦敦公约》第三条第1(b)款和《伦敦议定书》第1条第4.2款中的倾倒定义的豁免；", "155.　又回顾2010年10月11日至15日举行的伦敦公约缔约方第三十二次协商会议和伦敦议定书缔约方第五次会议关于涉及海洋肥化的科学研究的评估纲要的决议；[78]", "156.　还回顾生物多样性公约缔约方大会第九届会议通过的第IX/16C号决定，⁶⁷ 缔约方大会在该决定中除其他外，在铭记《伦敦公约》和《伦敦议定书》主持开展的科学和法律分析工作的同时，请缔约方并敦促其他各国政府根据审慎方法，确保在有足够科学依据(包括对有关风险进行的评估)证明有理由进行海洋肥化活动且建立了透明和有效的全球控制和管制机制之前，除了在沿岸水域进行小规模的科学调查研究外，不进行海洋肥化活动，并指出，只应为满足收集具体科学数据的需要批准进行这种研究，并应事先全面评估有关研究调查可能对海洋环境产生的影响，严格予以控制，不得用于产生或出售碳抵销，或用于任何其他商业用途，并注意到2010年10月18日至29日在日本名古屋举行的生物多样性公约缔约方大会第十届会议通过第X/29号决定，[79] 其中，缔约国大会要求各方执行第IX/16 C号决定；", "157.　重申2006年12月20日第61/222号决议第119段，该段论及生态系统方法与海洋问题，其中包括生态系统方法的拟议要点、实现采用生态系统方法的手段和更好地采用生态系统方法的要求，并为此：", "(a) 注意到世界很多地区的环境持续退化和各种相互竞争的需求不断增加，需要迅速采取对策，确定管理行动的重点以维持生态系统的完整性；", "(b) 注意到采用生态系统方法管理海洋应注重管理人类的活动，以便维护和必要时恢复生态系统的健康，使生态系统能够不断提供物品和环境便利，提供社会和经济惠益以保障粮食供应，维持生计，以支持包括《千年宣言》所载目标在内的各项国际发展目标，保护海洋生物多样性；", "(c) 回顾各国在采用生态系统方法时应依循一系列现行文书，特别是规定了所有海上活动的法律框架的《公约》及其各项执行协定以及其他各项承诺，例如《生物多样性公约》[80] 中的承诺和可持续发展问题世界首脑会议关于到2010年采用生态系统方法的呼吁，在这方面鼓励各国加大其采用这一方法的力度；", "(d) 鼓励各国互相合作与协调，依循包括《公约》和其他适用文书在内的国际法，酌情开展独立或联合行动，采取一切措施消除国家管辖区域内外的海洋生态系统遭受的影响，同时考虑到有关生态系统的完整性；", "158.　鼓励尚未将生态系统方法纳入各自任务规定的主管组织和机构酌情这样做，以便消除海洋生态系统遭受的影响；", "159.　邀请各国特别是拥有先进技术和海洋能力的国家，探讨改善与发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国开展合作并向其提供援助的可能性，以便更好地把海洋部门的可持续有效发展纳入国家政策和方案；", "160.　鼓励主管国际组织、联合国开发计划署、世界银行和其他供资机构考虑扩大各自主管领域中援助发展中国家的方案，协调各自的工作，包括在分配和使用全球环境基金的资金方面这样做；", "161.　注意到秘书处所编、由各国、主管国际组织、全球和区域供资机构提供的以下方面的资料：[81] 可为发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲沿海国提供哪些援助；这些国家可以采取哪些措施获得可持续有效开发海洋资源和利用海洋所产生的惠益；并敦促它们提供资料，用于编写秘书长的年度报告和列入海法司的网站；¹⁰", "162.　鼓励尚未批准或加入2009年《香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约》的国家考虑批准或加入，以推动其早日生效；[82]", "163.　注意到《巴塞尔公约》³⁵ 在保护海洋环境免受此类废物可能造成的有害影响方面发挥的作用；", "164.　关切地注意到油料泄漏事件可能造成严重的环境后果，敦促各国依照国际法，直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作并分享在海洋环境保护、人类健康与安全、预防、应急和缓解等方面的最佳做法，并鼓励开展科学研究，包括海洋科学研究，以便更好地了解海洋油料泄漏的后果；", "十 海洋生物多样性", "165.　重申大会在养护和可持续利用国家管辖以外区域海洋生物多样性方面的关键作用，注意到各国和相关政府间组织和机构就这些问题开展的工作，并邀请它们在各自主管领域内协助大会审议这些问题；", "166.　欢迎按照第65/37A号决议第163段于2011年5月31日至6月3日在纽约举行的不限成员名额非正式特设工作组会议，并赞同其建议；³", "167.　因此决定在不限成员名额非正式特设工作组内启动工作组建议³ 第1(a)段规定的进程，该进程将处理建议第1(b)段所列问题，其处理方式将遵循同一段的规定，而且如建议第1(c)段所述，这一进程将：㈠ 在不限成员名额非正式特设工作组展开；㈡ 采取闭会期间讲习班的形式；", "168.　因此，鉴于2004年11月17日第59/24号决议第73段，请秘书长按照本决议第167段以及2005年11月29日第60/30号决议第79和80段，召开不限成员名额非正式特设工作组会议，在这方面于2012年5月7日至11日召开一次配有全套会议服务的不限成员名额非正式特设工作组会议，以向大会第六十七届会议提出建议，并请秘书长竭尽全力在现有资源范畴内满足为会议提供全套会议服务的要求；", "169.　确认海洋遗传资源丰富多样，具有宝贵价值，可以提供各种惠益、物品和服务；", "170.　又确认关于海洋遗传资源的研究对于增进对海洋生态系统的科学认识、潜在利用和应用，加强对海洋生态系统的管理十分重要；", "171.　鼓励各国和国际组织，包括通过双边、区域和全球合作方案和伙伴关系等途径，继续以可持续和统筹的方式支持、促进和加强各国特别是发展中国家在海洋科学研究领域的能力建设活动，同时特别考虑到有必要增强分类能力；", "172.　注意到按照《关于海洋和沿海生物多样性的雅加达任务规定》[83] 和《生物多样性公约》所定海洋和沿海生物多样性工作计划[84] 开展的工作，在再次申明大会在养护和可持续利用国家管辖以外区域海洋生物多样性方面的关键作用的同时，注意到生物多样性公约缔约方大会所做的工作；", "173.　重申各国需要各自或通过主管国际组织，迅速考虑如何根据现有的最佳科学资料和审慎方法，按照《公约》和有关协定及文书的规定，更好地统一处理海底山脉、冷水珊瑚、热液喷口和若干其他水下地貌等海洋生物多样性面临的危险；", "174.　吁请各国和国际组织立即进一步采取行动，根据国际法制止对海洋生物多样性和生态系统，包括海底山脉、热液喷口和冷水珊瑚，产生不利影响的破坏性做法；", "175.　吁请各国以符合国际法特别是《公约》的方式加强对海洋生物多样性和生态系统的养护和管理，加强与海洋保护区有关的国家政策；", "176.　重申各国需要直接和通过主管国际组织，继续和进一步努力制定和协助利用多种办法和手段养护和管理脆弱的海洋生态系统，包括依照《公约》所述国际法和根据现有的最佳科学资料，考虑建立海洋保护区，并到2012年建立具有代表性的海洋保护区网络；", "177.　注意到各国、相关政府间组织和机构，包括《生物多样性公约》，按照可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的目标，即制定和协助采用多种办法和手段，例如生态系统方法以及依照《公约》所述国际法和根据科学资料建立海洋保护区，包括到2012年建立具有代表性的网络，在评估关于需要保护的海洋区的科学资料和编纂用于确定此类海洋区的生态标准方面开展的工作；¹⁴", "178.　鼓励各国在实现2012年建立海洋保护区(包括代表性网络)这一目标方面取得进一步进展，吁请各国进一步审议各种选项，以便根据国际法并在现有最佳科学资料基础上，确定和保护具有重要生态或生物意义的区域；", "179.　回顾生物多样性公约缔约方大会第九届会议通过了“用于确定公海水域和深海生境中需要保护的具有生态和生物重要性的海域的科学标准”和“用于挑选准备建立具有代表性的保护区网络的地区(包括公海水域和深海生境)的科学准则”，[85] 进一步回顾联合国粮食及农业组织通过《公海深海渔业管理国际准则》[86] 制定了确定脆弱海洋生态系统的准则；", "180.　肯定密克罗尼西亚挑战、“东太平洋热带海景”项目、加勒比挑战和珊瑚三角区倡议，其中特别寻求建立国内海洋保护区并使之相互连接，以更好地推动生态系统方法，重申需要为支持上述举措进一步开展国际合作、协调和协作；", "181.　重申支持国际珊瑚礁倡议，表示注意到2011年12月12日至15日在留尼汪圣但尼举行的国际珊瑚礁倡议大会，并支持按照《关于海洋和沿海生物多样性的雅加达任务规定》和与珊瑚礁有关的海洋和沿海生物多样性详细工作计划开展工作；", "182.　鼓励各国和相关国际机构进一步努力处理珊瑚漂白现象，除其他外，改进监测以预测和发现漂白现象，支持和加强在发生这些现象时采取的行动，改进珊瑚礁管理战略以增强珊瑚礁的自然恢复力，增强其承受其他压力，包括海洋酸化的能力；", "183.　鼓励各国直接或通过主管国际机构进行合作，在发生船舶碰撞珊瑚礁的事故时交换信息，并促进开发有关珊瑚礁系统的恢复及非使用价值的经济评估技术；", "184.　强调必须将珊瑚礁的可持续管理和流域综合管理纳入国家发展战略，并纳入相关联合国机构和方案、国际金融机构和捐助界的活动；", "185.　注意到海洋噪音对海洋生物资源构成潜在威胁，申明为处理此事项开展健全的科学研究的重要性，鼓励进一步研究调查和审议海洋噪音对海洋生物资源的影响，请海法司继续汇编会员国和政府间组织根据第61/222号决议第107段提交海法司、经同行审查的科学调查报告，并酌情在其网站上公布这些报告及其参考资料和链接；", "十一 海洋科学", "186.　吁请各国各自或通过彼此合作或与主管国际组织和机构合作，依照《公约》继续努力通过加强本国海洋科学研究活动，增进对海洋和深海，特别是对深海生物多样性和生态系统的范围和脆弱性的了解和认识；", "187.　在这方面鼓励有关国际组织和其他捐助者考虑支持国际海底管理局捐赠基金，以通过支助发展中国家的合格科学家和技术人员参与有关方案、倡议和活动，推动在国际海底区域开展协作性的海洋科学研究；", "188.　邀请联合国系统所有相关组织、基金、方案和机构与有关国家协商，酌情同区域海洋科技中心和小岛屿发展中国家的国家海洋科技中心协调有关活动，确保按照相关的联合国小岛屿发展中国家方案和战略，更有效地实现其目标；", "189.　赞赏地注意到联合国教育、科学及文化组织政府间海洋学委员会通过咨询海洋法专家咨询机构，在制定《公约》第十三和十四部分执行程序方面开展工作，又注意到目前由一个不限成员名额工作组进行，有来自成员国的代表参加的对专家咨询机构的审查；", "190.　赞赏地注意到专家咨询机构就成员国在《公约》框架内进行海洋科学研究和转让海洋技术的做法开展的工作，包括与海法司合作开展的工作；", "191.　又赞赏地注意到题为“海洋科学研究：《联合国海洋法公约》有关条款执行指南”的出版物修订版于2010年12月出版，[87] 请秘书处努力以联合国所有正式语文出版该指南；", "192.　注意到海洋生物普查对海洋生物多样性研究的贡献，包括其题为“2010年第一次海洋生物普查：十年发现的要点”的报告；", "193.　强调指出必须增进对海洋-大气界面的科学了解，途径包括参加全球海洋观测系统等由政府间海洋学委员会、联合国环境规划署、世界气象组织和国际科学理事会发起的海洋观测方案和地理信息系统，特别是考虑到它们在监测和预报气候变化和气候多变性，建立和管理海啸预警系统方面的作用；", "194.　赞赏地注意到政府间海洋学委员会和会员国在建立区域和国家海啸预警和减灾系统方面取得的进展，欢迎联合国和其他政府间组织继续为此开展合作，并鼓励会员国根据需要，在应对与海洋有关的多种危害的全球行动范围内，建立和维护国家预警和减灾系统，以减少生命损失和国民经济损失，加强沿海社区在自然灾害后的恢复能力；", "195.　强调必须作出持续努力，制定应对自然灾害的减灾备灾措施，尤其是鉴于地震引发的海啸，如日本2011年3月11日事件；", "196.　注意到政府间海洋学委员会和世界气象组织2011年题为“海洋数据浮标遭破坏问题：发生、影响和应对”的报告；[88]", "197.　敦促各国采取必要行动，在联合国粮食及农业组织、政府间海洋学委员会和世界气象组织等相关组织内开展合作，处理按照国际法布设和运作的海洋数据浮标的损害问题，包括通过就这些浮标的重要性和目的开展教育和宣传活动，加强保护使之免受损害，并增加对损害的报告；", "十二 海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况全球报告和评估经常程序", "198.　再次申明需要加强对海洋环境状况进行的定期科学评估，以增强制定政策的科学依据；", "199.　欢迎海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况全球报告和评估经常程序特设全体工作组按照第65/37A号决议第203段的规定于2011年2月14日至18日及按照第65/37B号决议第7段的规定于2011年6月27日和28日在纽约举行会议；", "200.　赞同特设全体工作组第二次会议通过的各项建议；⁶", "201.　重申2009年特设全体工作组第一次会议商定的经常程序指导原则及其第一周期(2010-2014年)的目标和范围；[89]", "202.　通过专家任命标准和协助经常程序的讲习班准则；⁶", "203.　注意到海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况全球报告和评估经常程序特设全体工作组专家组的职权范围和工作方法草案、关于经常程序的交流要求及数据和信息管理的报告、关于评估能力建设和讲习班专家类型的初步清单的报告；⁶", "204.　请秘书长提请会员国以及联合国各专门机构、基金和方案，其他从事海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况评估能力建设活动的有关政府间组织，供资机构的首长注意评估能力建设初步清单，并邀请他们向初步清单提供关于评估能力建设的现有机会和安排的信息；", "205.　欣见特设全体工作组建立了主席团，以在闭会期间执行工作组的决定和指导，如批准派任专家库成员开展起草工作或审查草案，并批准由专家组提议的同行评审安排；", "206.　决定该主席团由十五个会员国(每个区域集团三个)组成，主席团行使职能的最低要求为，至少有一名共同主席和五个会员国(每个区域集团一个)的法定人数；", "207.　建议尽早举办讲习班，以便为经常程序的第一周期提供信息，欣见第一次讲习班已于2011年9月13日至15日在圣地亚哥得以举办，注意到其报告，[90] 并邀请其他国家主办这样的讲习班，在这方面赞赏地注意到中国表示计划将于2012年2月底主办一次东亚和东南亚国家讲习班，比利时表示将于2012年3月主办一次北大西洋、波罗的海、地中海和黑海讲习班；", "208.　请秘书长于2012年4月23日至27日召开特设全体工作组第三次会议，以便第一次全球综合评估的第一周期得以启动，并向大会第六十七届会议提出建议；", "209.　注意到各国正在努力最后拟定海洋环境包括社会经济方面状况第一次全球综合评估的可能纲要草案，⁶ 特设全体工作组将在其下一次会议上予以进一步审议；", "210.　回顾联合国下设的经常程序应向大会负责，是受国际法(包括《公约》和其他适用的国际文书)指导的政府间进程，并考虑到大会相关决议；", "211.　强调经常程序的第一周期已经开始，第一次综合评估的最后期限是2014年；", "212.　注意到第一周期第一阶段(2010-2012年)将用于准备需要通过各区域一级的第一次综合评估作出答复的主要问题，以便确保有效的科学-政策关系，确保所有相关利益攸关方，特别是地方一级的专家，都参与界定评估的具体目标和范围；", "213.　邀请政府间海洋学委员会、联合国环境规划署、国际海事组织和联合国粮食及农业组织，并酌情邀请联合国其他主管专门机构，继续向经常程序提供技术及科学支助；", "214.　请经常程序秘书处在特设全体工作组下一次会议之前，视可用资源情况酌情召开至少一次专家组会议；", "215.　赞赏地注意到海法司向经常程序提供支助，又赞赏地注意到联合国环境规划署和政府间海洋学委员会提供技术及后勤支助；", "216.　请秘书长迅速采取适当措施，调动所有可用预算外资源和现有资源，包括调动工作人员，以进一步加强作为经常程序秘书处的海法司的能力，特别是其人力资源，包括在本两年期方案预算和2012-2013两年期拟议方案预算范畴内这样做；", "217.　赞赏地注意到对自愿信托基金的捐款，用于支助经常程序第一个五年周期的业务，严重关切该基金现有资源有限，敦促会员国、国际金融机构、捐助机构、政府间组织、非政府组织以及自然人和法人向第64/71号决议第183段所设基金捐款并向经常程序作出其他捐助；", "十三 区域合作", "218.　注意到一些区域为进一步执行《公约》采取了若干区域行动，在这方面表示注意到重点援助加勒比基金，该基金旨在主要通过技术援助促进加勒比国家自愿开展海洋划界谈判，再次注意到美洲国家组织大会于2000年设立的和平解决领土争端和平基金，该基金因涉及的区域范围更大而成为防止和解决悬而未决的领土、陆地疆界和海洋边界争端的一个主要机制，吁请有能力的国家和其他方面为这些基金捐款；", "219.　赞赏地注意到在区域一级努力推动实施《公约》，并通过能力建设，处理涉及海洋安全和安保、养护和可持续利用海洋生物资源、保护和养护海洋环境以及养护和可持续利用海洋生物多样性的问题；", "220.　邀请各国和国际组织加强合作，以更好地保护海洋环境，并在这方面欢迎保护东北大西洋海洋环境委员会、东北大西洋渔业委员会、国际海底管理局和国际海事组织缔结的加强合作谅解备忘录；", "221.　确认2007-2008年国际极地年的成果，其中特别强调有关极地区域环境变化与全球气候系统之间的联系的新知识，鼓励各国和科学界在这方面加强合作，并注意到2012年4月22日至27日将在加拿大蒙特利尔举行国际极地年“从知识到行动”会议；", "222.　欢迎开展区域合作，在这方面注意到太平洋洋景框架是一个加强太平洋岛屿区域沿海国间合作，促进海洋养护和可持续发展的倡议；", "223.　赞赏地注意到各国在区域一级和次区域一级进行的各种合作努力，在这方面欣见墨西哥湾大型海洋生态系统综合评估和管理等举措；", "224.　注意到南大西洋和平与合作区成立二十五周年；", "十四 海洋和海洋法问题不限成员名额非正式协商进程", "225.　欣见非正式协商进程第十二次会议的工作报告，其重点是在联合国可持续发展会议范畴内，帮助评估在实施关于可持续发展问题的各次主要首脑会议成果方面迄今取得的进展和依然存在的差距,应对新的和正在出现的各种挑战；⁴", "226.　确认非正式协商进程作为一个独特的论坛在按照《公约》和《21世纪议程》第17章规定的框架内就海洋和海洋法相关问题展开全面讨论方面所发挥的作用，并确认应在审查选定议题时进一步考虑到可持续发展的三大支柱；", "227.　欢迎非正式协商进程开展的工作及其对改善国家间协调与合作，通过有效提请注意关键性问题和当前趋势而加强大会的海洋和海洋法问题年度辩论所作的贡献，强调今年主题的及时性，并在这方面鼓励各国将2012年联合国可持续发展会议作为契机，审议措施，以实现海洋环境和海洋资源的养护和可持续利用方面的国际商定目标并兑现有关承诺；", "228.　又欢迎为改善和着重开展非正式协商进程的工作所作的努力，在这方面，确认非正式协商进程在融合知识，多方利益攸关者交流意见，主管机构协调和提高对各项议题包括新出现的问题的认识，同时加强可持续发展的三大支柱等方面所发挥的主要作用；建议非正式协商进程为甄选议题和专题小组成员制订一个透明、客观和包容各方的程序，以便协助大会在就关于海洋和海洋法的年度决议举行非正式协商期间开展工作；", "229.　回顾需要加强和提高非正式协商进程的效率，鼓励各国、政府间组织和方案就此向共同主席提供指导，特别是在非正式协商进程筹备会议之前和期间提供指导；", "230.　又回顾大会第六十七届会议将进一步审查非正式协商进程的效力和功效；", "231.　请秘书长根据第54/33号决议第2和3段，于2012年5月29日至6月1日在纽约召开非正式协商进程第十三次会议，并为会议开展工作提供必要的便利，安排海法司酌情协同秘书处其他相关部门提供支助；", "232.　继续严重关切第55/7号决议设立的用于协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和内陆发展中国家参加非正式协商进程会议的自愿信托基金缺少可动用的资金，并敦促各国为信托基金作出更多捐助；", "233.　决定，在支付第55/7号决议所设自愿信托基金的资金时，共同主席经与各国政府协商后邀请在非正式协商进程会议上发言的发展中国家代表应优先得到考虑，使其获得旅费，同时，在支付上文第232段所述国家所有其他符合资格代表的旅费后如果仍有资金，这些代表也应有资格获得每日生活津贴；", "234.　回顾其第65/37A号决议决定，非正式协商进程第十三次会议在审议秘书长关于海洋和海洋法的报告时将重点讨论海洋可再生能源；", "十五 协调与合作", "235.　鼓励各国与国际组织，联合国系统各基金和方案、各专门机构以及相关国际公约密切合作，并通过它们开展工作，查明改进协调和合作的新的焦点领域以及处理这些问题的最佳办法；", "236.　鼓励《公约》设立的各机构在履行各自任务时酌情加强协调与合作；", "237.　请秘书长提请从事与海洋事务和海洋法有关的活动的政府间组织，联合国各专门机构、基金和方案以及供资机构的首长注意本决议，并强调他们及时对秘书长关于海洋和海洋法的报告提出建设性意见并参加相关会议和进程的重要性；", "238.　欢迎各相关联合国专门机构、方案、基金和机关的秘书处及有关组织和公约的秘书处为加强海洋问题的机构间协调与合作所开展的工作，包括通过联合国海洋网络这一联合国系统内的海洋和沿海问题机构间协调机制开展的工作；", "239.　邀请联合检查组审查联合国海洋网络，并就此向大会提交报告供审议，请联合国海洋网络向大会提交其工作职权范围草案，供大会第六十七届会议审议，以审查该网络的任务规定，提高透明度并向会员国报告其活动；", "240.　鼓励联合国海洋网络继续向会员国提供最新资料，说明其优先事项和举措，特别是关于拟参加联合国海洋网络的情况；", "十六 海洋事务和海洋法司的活动", "241.　感谢秘书长每年提交由海法司编写的关于海洋和海洋法的综合报告，并感谢海法司开展其他活动，这些活动表明海法司向会员国提供了高质量的协助；", "242.　满意地注意到联合国于2011年6月8日第三次举办世界海洋日纪念活动，赞赏地确认海法司组织此次活动所作的努力，邀请海法司在今后世界海洋日纪念活动中，并通过参加诸如2012年在大韩民国丽水举办的世界博览会等其他活动，继续促进和协助海洋法和海洋事务方面的国际合作；", "243.　请秘书长继续履行《公约》以及包括第49/28和52/26号决议在内的大会相关决议赋予他的职责，并确保在联合国的核定预算中为海法司开展活动提供适当的资源；", "244.　又请秘书长继续海法司的出版活动，特别是出版《海洋法：参考文献选编》和《海洋法公报》；", "十七 纪念《公约》开放供签署三十周年", "245.　决定在大会第六十七届会议2012年12月10日和11日两天的全体会议上专门审议题为“海洋和海洋法”的项目并纪念《公约》开放供签署三十周年，包括特别表彰马耳他大使阿尔维德·帕尔多所起的关键作用，尤其是他1967年11月1日在大会发表富有远见的讲话，最终导致《公约》的通过，并鼓励会员国和观察员尽可能派遣最高级别的代表出席；", "246.　邀请公约缔约国在其第二十二次会议上纪念《公约》开放供签署三十周年；", "247.　欣见国际海底管理局大会决定在其第十八届会议期间召开一次特别会议，纪念《公约》开放供签署三十周年；[91]", "248.　请秘书长酌情组织该周年纪念活动，并请各国，联合国各机构、基金和方案，政府间和非政府组织及其他有关机构按联合国惯例酌情支持这些活动；", "十八 大会第六十七届会议", "249.　请秘书长依照第49/28、52/26和54/33号决议的规定，编写一份报告，阐述与海洋事务和海洋法有关的事态发展和问题，包括本决议的执行情况，供大会第六十七届会议审议，并将与非正式协商进程第十三次会议的重点讨论议题有关的报告章节至少在非正式协商进程开会前六周提交；", "250.　强调秘书长的年度报告汇集了《公约》执行情况和联合国及其专门机构和其他机构在全球和区域两级海洋事务和海洋法领域开展工作的信息，具有重要作用，因此是大会这个有权审议和审查海洋事务和海洋法方面的发展的全球机构每年进行这一审查的依据；", "251.　注意到还将依照《公约》关于因《公约》而产生的一般性问题的第三一九条的规定，向缔约国提交上文第249段提及的报告；", "252.　又注意到希望进一步提高大会每年就关于海洋和海洋法的决议进行非正式协商的效率和各代表团参加协商的成效，决定有关该决议的非正式协商最多不得超过总共两周，协商时间的排定要使海法司有足够时间编写上文第249段提及的报告，并邀请各国尽早向非正式协商协调员提交列入决议的文本提案；", "253.　决定将题为“海洋和海洋法”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "附件", "研究国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用有关问题的不限成员名额非正式特设工作组的建议³", "不限成员名额非正式特设工作组根据大会2010年12月7日第65/37A号决议第163段，于2011年5月31日至6月3日举行会议，建议：", "(a) 大会发起一个进程，以便确保国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用的法律框架能有效处理这些问题，查明差距，确定前进方向，包括执行现有文书和可能根据《联合国海洋法公约》¹ 拟订一项多边协定；", "(b) 这一进程将涉及国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性特别是海洋遗传资源的养护和可持续利用，包括分享惠益问题，还涉及划区管理工具等措施，包括海洋保护区、环境影响评估、能力建设和转让海洋技术；", "(c) 这一进程将：㈠ 在现有工作组展开；㈡ 采取闭会期间讲习班的形式，旨在增进对各个议题的了解，阐明关键问题，为工作组的工作提供投入；", "(d) 审查并酌情修订工作组任务规定，以执行本建议所涉任务；", "(e) 请秘书长于2012年召开工作组会议，就工作组审查的所有问题取得进展，并向大会第六十七届会议提出建议。", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1833卷，第31363号。", "[2] A/66/70和Add.1和2。", "[3] A/66/119，附件，第一节。", "[4] 见A/66/186。", "[5] SPLOS/231。", "[6] 见A/66/189。", "[7] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷：《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件二。", "[8] 见第55/2号决议。", "[9] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1184卷，第18961号。", "[10] 可查阅www.un.org/depts/los/index.htm。", "[11] SPLOS/183。", "[12] SPLOS/229。", "[13] 可查阅www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm。", "[14] 见《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[15] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1836卷，第31364号。", "[16] 同上，第2167卷，第37924号。", "[17] 见联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第三十一届会议，2001年10月15日至11月3日，巴黎》，第一卷：《决议》，决议24。", "[18] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225、2237、2241和2326卷，第39574号。", "[19] 见政府间海洋学委员会，IOC/INF-1203号文件。", "[20] CLCS/40/Rev.1。", "[21] CLCS/11和Corr.1和2及Add.1和Add.1/Corr.2。", "[22] SPLOS/237。", "[23] 见ISBA/17/A/9。", "[24] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2167卷，第37925号。", "[25] 同上，第2214卷，第39357号。", "[26] SPLOS/183，第1(a)段。", "[27] 见CLCS/70和Corr.1及CLCS/72。", "[28] SPLOS/183，第3段。", "[29] www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm。", "[30] 2012年4月9日至20日和2012年7月30日至8月10日。", "[31] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1361卷，第23001号。", "[32] 见国际海事组织，STCW/CONF.2/32-34号文件。", "[33] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2304卷，第41069号。", "[34] 见国际海事组织，MSC 89/25/Add.1号文件，附件16。", "[35] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1673卷，第28911号。", "[36] 国际海事组织，LEG/CONF.17/10号文件。", "[37] S/PRST/2010/16；见《安全理事会决议及决定，2010年8月1日至2011年7月31日》。", "[38] S/2011/360。", "[39] 见国际海事组织，MSC.1/Circ.1404号文件。", "[40] 见国际海事组织，MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.1号文件。", "[41] 见国际海事组织，MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.1号文件。", "[42] 见国际海事组织，MSC.1/Circ.1408号文件。", "[43] 国际海事组织，MSC.1/Circ.1337号文件，附件2。", "[44] 国际海事组织，MSC 89/25/Add.4号文件，附件29。", "[45] 见国际海事组织，C 102/14号文件，附件，附文1。", "[46] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1678卷，第29004号。", "[47] 国际海事组织，LEG/CONF.15/21号文件。", "[48] 国际海事组织，LEG/CONF.15/22号文件。", "[49] 国际海事组织，SOLAS/CONF.5/32和34号文件以及有关实施船舶远程识别和跟踪系统的MSC.202(81)号决议。", "[50] 见国际海事组织，MSC 89/WP.6/Add.1号文件。", "[51] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[52] 同上，第2241卷，第39574号。", "[53] 同上，第2326卷，第39574号。", "[54] 同上，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[55] 国际海事组织，MSC 84/24/Add.1号文件，附件3，MSC.257(84)号决议。", "[56] 见国际海事组织，MSC 84/24/Add.1号文件，附件1，MSC.255(84)号决议。", "[57] 可查阅www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/action-plans/transport-action-plan.pdf。", "[58] 国际海事组织，大会A.949(23)号决议。", "[59] 国际海事组织，LEG/CONF.16/19号文件。", "[60] 1974年《国际海上人命安全公约》、经修正的1979年《国际海上搜寻救助公约》、1982年《联合国海洋法公约》和1989年《国际救助公约》。", "[61] 国际海事组织，MSC 78/26/Add.1号文件，附件5，MSC.155(78)号决议。", "[62] 国际海事组织，MSC 78/26/Add.1号文件，附件3，MSC.153(78)号决议。", "[63] 国际海事组织，MSC 78/26/Add.2号文件，附件34，MSC.167(78)号决议。", "[64] 见国际海事组织，MSC 88/26/Add.1号文件，附件6，MSC.312(88)号决议。", "[65] 国际海事组织，大会A.946(23)号决议。", "[66] 国际海事组织，大会A.1018(26)号决议。", "[67] 见联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29号文件，附件一。", "[68] 国际海事组织，MEPC 62/24号文件，附件13，MEPC.201(62)号决议。", "[69] 见国际海事组织，MEPC 60/22号文件，附件10，MEPC.189(60)号决议。", "[70] 国际海事组织，BWM/CONF/36号文件，附件。", "[71] 国际海事组织，大会A.963(23)号决议。", "[72] 国际海事组织，MEPC 53/9/1号文件，附件1。", "[73] 见A/51/116，附件二。", "[74] UNEP/GPA/IGR.2/7，附件五。", "[75] 见UNEP/GC.25/17，附件一，第25/5号决定。", "[76] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[77] 国际海事组织，LC 30/16号文件，附件6，LC-LP.1(2008)号决议。", "[78] 国际海事组织，LC 32/15号文件，附件5，LC-LP.2(2010)号决议。", "[79] 见联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27号文件，附件。", "[80] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1760卷，第30619号。", "[81] A/63/342。", "[82] 见国际海事组织，SR/CONF/45号文件。", "[83] 见A/51/312，附件二，第II/10号决定。", "[84] 联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21号文件，附件，第VII/5号决定，附件一。", "[85] 见联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29号文件，附件一，第IX/20号决定，附件一和二。", "[86] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《关于公海深海渔业管理国际准则的技术磋商会报告，2008年2月4日至8日和8月25日至29日，罗马》，粮农组织渔业和水产养殖报告第881号(FIEP/R881(中文))，附录F。", "[87] 联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.10.V.12。", "[88] 世界气象组织-政府间海洋学委员会数据浮标合作小组，第41号技术文件。", "[89] 见A/64/347，附件。", "[90] A/66/587，附件。", "[91] 见ISBA/17/A/8。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.21 and Add.1)]", "66/231. Oceans and the law of the sea", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolutions 65/37 A of 7 December 2010 and 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, and other relevant resolutions concerning the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“the Convention”),[1]", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,[2] the recommendations of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (“the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group”)[3] and the reports on the work of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (“the Informal Consultative Process”) at its twelfth meeting,[4] on the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention,[5] and on the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects (“the Regular Process”),[6]", "Noting with satisfaction the upcoming thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention on 10 December 1982 at Montego Bay, Jamaica, and recognizing the pre-eminent contribution provided by the Convention to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and to the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, as well as to the sustainable development of the oceans and seas,", "Emphasizing the universal and unified character of the Convention, and reaffirming that the Convention sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out and is of strategic importance as the basis for national, regional and global action and cooperation in the marine sector, and that its integrity needs to be maintained, as recognized also by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in chapter 17 of Agenda 21,[7]", "Recognizing the important contribution of sustainable development and management of the resources and uses of the oceans and seas to the achievement of international development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[8]", "Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole through an integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, and reaffirming the need to improve cooperation and coordination at the national, regional and global levels, in accordance with the Convention, to support and supplement the efforts of each State in promoting the implementation and observance of the Convention, and the integrated management and sustainable development of the oceans and seas,", "Reiterating the essential need for cooperation, including through capacity-building and transfer of marine technology, to ensure that all States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able both to implement the Convention and to benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, as well as to participate fully in global and regional forums and processes dealing with oceans and law of the sea issues,", "Emphasizing the need to strengthen the ability of competent international organizations to contribute, at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels, through cooperation programmes with Governments, to the development of national capacity in marine science and the sustainable management of the oceans and their resources,", "Recalling that marine science is important for eradicating poverty, contributing to food security, conserving the world’s marine environment and resources, helping to understand, predict and respond to natural events and promoting the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, by improving knowledge, through sustained research efforts and the evaluation of monitoring results, and applying such knowledge to management and decision-making,", "Reiterating its deep concern at the serious adverse impacts on the marine environment and biodiversity, in particular on vulnerable marine ecosystems and their physical and biogenic structure, including coral reefs, cold water habitats, hydrothermal vents and seamounts, of certain human activities,", "Emphasizing the need for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships,", "Expressing deep concern at the adverse economic, social and environmental impacts of the physical alteration and destruction of marine habitats that may result from land-based and coastal development activities, in particular those land reclamation activities that are carried out in a manner that has a detrimental impact on the marine environment,", "Reiterating its serious concern at the current and projected adverse effects of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, and emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue,", "Expressing concern that climate change continues to increase the severity and incidence of coral bleaching throughout tropical seas and weakens the ability of reefs to withstand ocean acidification, which could have serious and irreversible negative effects on marine organisms, particularly corals, as well as to withstand other pressures, including overfishing and pollution,", "Reiterating its deep concern at the vulnerability of the environment and the fragile ecosystems of the polar regions, including the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic ice cap, particularly affected by the projected adverse effects of climate change,", "Recognizing the need for a more integrated and ecosystem-based approach to, further study of and the promotion of measures for enhanced cooperation, coordination and collaboration relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction,", "Recognizing also that the realization of the benefits of the Convention could be enhanced by international cooperation, technical assistance and advanced scientific knowledge, as well as by funding and capacity-building,", "Recognizing further that hydrographic surveys and nautical charting are critical to the safety of navigation and life at sea, environmental protection, including the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, and the economics of the global shipping industry, and encouraging further efforts towards electronic charting, which not only provides significantly increased benefits for safe navigation and management of ship movement, but also provides data and information that can be used for sustainable fisheries activities and other sectoral uses of the marine environment, the delimitation of maritime boundaries and environmental protection, and noting the entry into force of amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,[9] on requirements for ships on international voyages to carry an electronic chart display information system,", "Recognizing that ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law are critical for saving lives by detecting storm surges and tsunamis and for improving understanding of weather, climate and ecosystems, and reiterating its serious concern at intentional and unintentional damage to such buoys,", "Emphasizing that underwater archaeological, cultural and historical heritage, including shipwrecks and watercraft, holds essential information on the history of humankind and that such heritage is a resource that needs to be protected and preserved,", "Noting with concern the continuing problem of transnational organized crime committed at sea, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons, and threats to maritime safety and security, including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling and terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, and noting the deplorable loss of life and adverse impact on international trade, energy security and the global economy resulting from such activities,", "Recognizing that fibre-optic submarine cables transmit most of the world’s data and communications and, hence, are vitally important to the global economy and the national security of all States, conscious that these cables are susceptible to intentional and accidental damage from shipping and other activities, and that the maintenance, including the repair, of these cables is important, noting that these matters have been brought to the attention of States at various workshops and seminars, and conscious of the need for States to adopt national laws and regulations to protect submarine cables and render their wilful damage or damage by culpable negligence punishable offences,", "Noting the importance of the delineation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and that it is in the broader interest of the international community that coastal States with a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles submit information on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (“the Commission”), and welcoming the submissions to the Commission by a considerable number of States Parties on the outer limits of their continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, that the Commission has continued to fulfil its role, including of making recommendations to coastal States, and that the summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available,[10]", "Noting also that many coastal States Parties have submitted preliminary information indicative of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, as provided for in the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention regarding the workload of the Commission and the ability of States, particularly developing States, to fulfil the requirements of article 4 of annex II to the Convention, as well as the decision contained in SPLOS/72, paragraph (a),[11]", "Noting further that some coastal States may continue to face particular challenges in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission,", "Noting that financial and technical assistance may be sought by developing countries for activities in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission, including through the voluntary trust fund established by resolution 55/7 of 30 October 2000 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the Convention, as well as other accessible international assistance,", "Recognizing the importance of the trust funds established by resolution 55/7 in facilitating the participation of members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission and in fulfilling the requirements of article 4 of annex II to the Convention, while noting with appreciation the recent contributions made to them,", "Reaffirming the importance of the work of the Commission for coastal States and for the international community,", "Recognizing the significant workload of the Commission in view of the large number of submissions already received and a number of submissions yet to be received, which places additional demands and challenges on its members and the secretariat as provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations through the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat (“the Division”), and acknowledging the decision of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention regarding the workload of the Commission,[12]", "Noting with concern the projected timetable of the work of the Commission on the submissions already received by it and those yet to be received[13] and, in this regard, the consequences of the duration of the sessions of the Commission and the meetings of its subcommissions,", "Recognizing significant inequities and difficulties for States arising out of the projected timetable, including with respect to retaining expertise, when there is a considerable delay between preparation of submissions and their consideration by the Commission,", "Recognizing also the need to take action to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions under the Convention expeditiously, efficiently and effectively, and maintain its high level of quality and expertise,", "Recalling its decision, in resolutions 57/141 of 12 December 2002 and 58/240 of 23 December 2003, to establish a regular process under the United Nations for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, both current and foreseeable, building on existing regional assessments, as recommended by the World Summit on Sustainable Development,[14] and noting the need for cooperation among all States to this end,", "Recalling also its decisions, in paragraphs 202, 203 and 209 of resolution 65/37 A, regarding the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations and accountable to the General Assembly,", "Recalling further that the Division has been designated to provide secretariat support to the Regular Process, including its established institutions,", "Recognizing the importance and the contribution of the work of the Informal Consultative Process established by resolution 54/33 of 24 November 1999 to facilitate the annual review of developments in ocean affairs by the General Assembly,", "Noting the responsibilities of the Secretary-General under the Convention and related resolutions of the General Assembly, in particular resolutions 49/28 of 6 December 1994, 52/26 of 26 November 1997, 54/33 and 65/37 A and 65/37 B, and in this context the substantial increase in activities of the Division, in particular in view of the growing number of requests to the Division for additional outputs and servicing of meetings, its increasing capacity-building activities, the need for enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and the role of the Division in inter-agency coordination and cooperation,", "Reaffirming the importance of the work of the International Seabed Authority (“the Authority”) in accordance with the Convention and the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (“the Part XI Agreement”),[15]", "Reaffirming also the importance of the work of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (“the Tribunal”) in accordance with the Convention,", "I", "Implementation of the Convention and related agreements and instruments", "1. Reaffirms its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolutions 65/37 A and 65/37 B, and other relevant resolutions concerning the Convention;¹", "2. Also reaffirms the unified character of the Convention and the vital importance of preserving its integrity;", "3. Calls upon all States that have not done so, in order to achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Convention and the Part XI Agreement;¹⁵", "4. Calls upon States that have not done so, in order to achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (“the Fish Stocks Agreement”);[16]", "5. Calls upon States to harmonize their national legislation with the provisions of the Convention and, where applicable, relevant agreements and instruments, to ensure the consistent application of those provisions and to ensure also that any declarations or statements that they have made or make when signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention do not purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Convention in their application to the State concerned and to withdraw any such declarations or statements;", "6. Calls upon States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to deposit with the Secretary-General charts or lists of geographical coordinates, as provided for in the Convention, preferably using generally accepted and the most recent geodetic datums;", "7. Urges all States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in taking measures to protect and preserve objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea, in conformity with the Convention, and calls upon States to work together on such diverse challenges and opportunities as the appropriate relationship between salvage law and scientific management and conservation of underwater cultural heritage, increasing technological abilities to discover and reach underwater sites, looting and growing underwater tourism;", "8. Notes the recent deposit of instruments of ratification and acceptance of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,[17] calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to that Convention, and notes in particular the rules annexed to that Convention, which address the relationship between salvage law and scientific principles of management, conservation and protection of underwater cultural heritage among Parties, their nationals and vessels flying their flag;", "II", "Capacity-building", "9. Emphasizes that capacity-building is essential to ensure that States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able to fully implement the Convention, benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas and participate fully in global and regional forums on ocean affairs and the law of the sea;", "10. Emphasizes also the need for international cooperation for capacity-building, including cross-sectoral cooperation, at national, regional and global levels, to address, in particular, gaps in capacity-building in ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including marine science;", "11. Calls for capacity-building initiatives to take into account the needs of developing countries, and calls upon States, international organizations and donor agencies to make efforts to ensure the sustainability of such initiatives;", "12. Calls upon donor agencies and international financial institutions to keep their programmes systematically under review to ensure the availability in all States, particularly in developing States, of the economic, legal, navigational, scientific and technical skills necessary for the full implementation of the Convention and the objectives of the present resolution, as well as the sustainable development of the oceans and seas nationally, regionally and globally, and in so doing to bear in mind the interests and needs of landlocked developing States;", "13. Encourages intensified efforts to build capacity for developing countries, in particular for the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to improve hydrographic services and the production of nautical charts, including electronic charts, as well as the mobilization of resources and building of capacity with support from international financial institutions and the donor community;", "14. Calls upon States and international financial institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and technical partnerships, to continue to strengthen capacity-building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research by, inter alia, training personnel to develop and enhance relevant expertise, providing the necessary equipment, facilities and vessels and transferring environmentally sound technologies;", "15. Also calls upon States and international financial institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and technical partnerships, to strengthen capacity-building activities in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, to develop their maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to promote effective compliance with, and implementation and enforcement of, their responsibilities under international law;", "16. Emphasizes the need to focus on strengthening South-South cooperation as an additional way to build capacity and as a cooperative mechanism to further enable countries to set their own priorities and needs;", "17. Recognizes the importance of the work of the International Maritime Law Institute of the International Maritime Organization as a centre of education and training of Government legal advisers, mainly from developing States, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of international law, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and financial institutions to make voluntary financial contributions to the budget of the Institute;", "18. Also recognizes the importance of the World Maritime University of the International Maritime Organization as a centre for maritime education and research, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of maritime transportation, policy, administration, management, safety, security and environmental protection, as well as its role in the international exchange and transfer of knowledge, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and other bodies to make voluntary financial contributions to the University;", "19. Welcomes ongoing activities for capacity-building so as to address maritime security and safety needs and the protection of the marine environment of developing States, and encourages States and international financial institutions to provide additional funding for capacity-building programmes, including for transfer of technology, including through the International Maritime Organization and other competent international organizations;", "20. Recognizes the considerable need to provide sustained capacity-building assistance, including on financial and technical aspects, by relevant international organizations and donors to developing States, with a view to further strengthening their capacity to take effective measures against the multiple facets of international criminal activities at sea, in line with the relevant international instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto;[18]", "21. Also recognizes the need to build the capacity of developing States to raise awareness of and support the implementation of improved waste management practices, noting the particular vulnerability of small island developing States to the impact of marine pollution from land-based sources and marine debris;", "22. Further recognizes the importance of assisting developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, in implementing the Convention, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and agencies, national institutions, non-governmental organizations and international financial institutions, as well as natural and juridical persons, to make voluntary financial or other contributions to the trust funds, as referred to in resolutions 55/7, 57/141 and 64/71 of 4 December 2009, established for this purpose;", "23. Acknowledges the importance of capacity-building for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, for the protection of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources;", "24. Recognizes that promoting the voluntary transfer of technology is an essential aspect of building capacity in marine science;", "25. Encourages States to use the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-second session, in 2003,[19] and recalls the important role of the secretariat of that Commission in the implementation and promotion of the Criteria and Guidelines;", "26. Notes with satisfaction the efforts of the Division to compile information on capacity-building initiatives, requests the Secretary-General to continue to regularly update such information provided by States, international organizations and donor agencies and include it in his annual report to the General Assembly, invites States, international organizations and donor agencies to submit such information to the Secretary-General for this purpose, and requests the Division to post the information on capacity-building initiatives from the annual report of the Secretary-General on the website of the Division in an easily accessible manner so as to facilitate the matching of capacity-building needs with opportunities;", "27. Calls upon States to continue to assist developing States, and especially the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, at the bilateral and, where appropriate, multilateral levels, in the preparation of submissions to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, including the assessment of the nature and extent of the continental shelf of a coastal State, and recalls that coastal States can make requests to the Commission for scientific and technical advice in the preparation of data for their submissions, in accordance with article 3 of annex II to the Convention;", "28. Calls upon the Division to continue to disseminate information on relevant procedures related to the trust fund established for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission and to continue its dialogue with potential beneficiaries with a view to providing financial support to developing countries for activities to facilitate their submissions in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure[20] and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission;[21]", "29. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with States and relevant international organizations and institutions, to continue to support training and other activities to assist developing States in the preparation and presentation of their submissions to the Commission;", "30. Notes with appreciation the contribution of the Division to capacity-building activities at the national and regional level;", "31. Invites Member States and others in a position to do so to support the capacity-building activities of the Division, including, in particular, the training and other activities to assist developing States in the preparation of their submissions to the Commission and also invites Member States and others in a position to do so to contribute to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law, and expresses its appreciation to those who have contributed;", "32. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution of the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea to the capacity-building of developing countries and the promotion of the law of the sea, notes that the twenty-fourth award, in 2011, was made possible thanks to the generous contributions of Member States, further notes that the fellowship fund balance continues to be at a very low level, reiterates therefore its serious concern regarding the continued lack of resources, appeals urgently to Member States and others in a position to do so to contribute generously to the further development of the Fellowship to ensure that it is awarded every year, and takes due note of the inclusion by the Secretary-General of the Fellowship on the list of trust funds for the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities;", "33. Also recognizes with appreciation the important contribution that the United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme which, relying on its network of more than 40 host institutions, has awarded 70 fellowships to individuals from 54 Member States since 2005, and held from 10 to 16 July 2011 its third regional alumni meeting, in Nairobi, has made to human resources development for developing Member States in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea and related disciplines and the promotion of holistic and cross-sectoral approaches, emphasizing the integration of physical and social sciences and promoting interlinkages among alumni and between their organizations;", "34. Further recognizes with appreciation the funding set aside by the Global Environment Facility for projects relating to oceans and marine biodiversity;", "III", "Meetings of States Parties", "35. Welcomes the report of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention⁵ and of the special meeting held on 11 August 2011 for the purpose of electing one member of the Commission;[22]", "36. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the twenty-second Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, in New York from 4 to 11 June 2012, and to provide full conference services, including documentation, as required;", "IV", "Peaceful settlement of disputes", "37. Notes with satisfaction the continued and significant contribution of the Tribunal to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means in accordance with Part XV of the Convention, and underlines the important role and authority of the Tribunal concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement;", "38. Pays tribute to the important and long-standing role of the International Court of Justice with regard to the peaceful settlement of disputes concerning the law of the sea;", "39. Notes that States parties to an international agreement related to the purposes of the Convention may submit to, inter alia, the Tribunal or the International Court of Justice any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of that agreement submitted in accordance with that agreement, and notes also the possibility, provided for in the Statutes of the Tribunal and the Court, to submit disputes to a chamber;", "40. Encourages States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to consider making a written declaration choosing from the means set out in article 287 of the Convention for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement, bearing in mind the comprehensive character of the dispute settlement mechanism provided for in Part XV of the Convention;", "V", "The Area", "41. Encourages progress on the finalization of the regulations for prospecting and exploration for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Area, and reiterates the importance of the ongoing elaboration by the Authority, pursuant to article 145 of the Convention, of rules, regulations and procedures to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment, for, inter alia, the protection and conservation of the natural resources of the Area, and for the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment from harmful effects that may arise from activities in the Area;", "42. Acknowledges the activities undertaken by the Authority for the dissemination of the advisory opinion on the responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area, issued by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the Tribunal on 1 February 2011, at the request of the Council of the Authority, pursuant to article 191 of the Convention;[23]", "43. Notes the importance of the responsibilities entrusted to the Authority by articles 143 and 145 of the Convention, which refer to marine scientific research and protection of the marine environment, respectively;", "VI", "Effective functioning of the Authority and the Tribunal", "44. Appeals to all States Parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions to the Authority and to the Tribunal in full and on time, and also appeals to States Parties in arrears with their contributions to fulfil their obligations without delay;", "45. Urges all States Parties to the Convention to attend the sessions of the Authority, and calls upon the Authority to continue to pursue all options, including making concrete recommendations on the issue of dates, in order to improve attendance in Kingston and to ensure global participation;", "46. Calls upon States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Tribunal[24] and to the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the Authority;[25]", "47. Emphasizes the importance of the Tribunal’s rules and staff regulations in promoting the recruitment of a geographically representative staff in the Professional and higher categories, and welcomes the actions taken by the Tribunal in observance of those rules and regulations;", "48. Takes note with appreciation of the advisory opinion on the responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area, issued by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the Tribunal on 1 February 2011, at the request of the Council of the Authority, pursuant to article 191 of the Convention;", "VII", "The continental shelf and the work of the Commission", "49. Recalls that, in accordance with article 76, paragraph 8, of the Convention, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall be submitted by the coastal State to the Commission set up under annex II to the Convention on the basis of equitable geographical representation, that the Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf, and that the limits of the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding;", "50. Also recalls that, in accordance with article 77, paragraph 3, of the Convention, the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation;", "51. Notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted information to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in conformity with article 76 of the Convention and article 4 of annex II to the Convention, taking into account the decision of the eleventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention contained in SPLOS/72, paragraph (a);", "52. Also notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted to the Secretary-General, pursuant to the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention,[26] preliminary information indicative of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and a description of the status of preparation and intended date of submission in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission;", "53. Further notes with satisfaction the progress in the work of the Commission[27] and that it is giving current consideration to a number of submissions that have been made regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles;", "54. Notes with satisfaction that the Commission, taking into account the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention,[28] has compiled lists of websites of organizations, data/information portals and data holders where general information and publicly available scientific and technical data can be accessed that may be relevant to the preparation of submissions, and has made this information available on its website;[29]", "55. Takes note of the recommendations made by the Commission on the submissions of a number of coastal States, and welcomes the fact that summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available;¹⁰", "56. Notes that the consideration by the Commission of submissions by coastal States in accordance with article 76 of and annex II to the Convention is without prejudice to the application of other parts of the Convention by States Parties;", "57. Notes with concern that the heavy workload of the Commission, owing to the considerable number of submissions, places additional demands on and challenges before its members and the secretariat as provided by the Division, and in that regard emphasizes the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions expeditiously, efficiently and effectively and maintain its high level of quality and expertise;", "58. Takes note of the decision of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention regarding the workload of the Commission,¹² in which, among other measures, the Commission is requested to consider, in coordination with the Secretariat, as from 16 June 2012, within the existing resources made available to the Secretariat, that the Commission, and its subcommissions meeting simultaneously as far as possible, meet in New York for up to twenty-six weeks but not less than an intended minimum of twenty-one weeks a year for a period of five years, distributed in such a way that the Commission determines to be the most effective, and that no two sessions be sequential;", "59. Welcomes the decision of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to review the measures proposed in paragraph 1 of the decision¹² at the twenty-sixth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, with a view to assessing progress in reducing the projected timeline in the workload of the Commission;", "60. Reiterates the duty of States under the Convention, whose experts are serving on the Commission, to defray the expenses of the experts they have nominated while in performance of Commission duties, and urges these States to do their utmost to ensure the full participation of those experts in the work of the Commission, including the meetings of subcommissions, in accordance with the Convention;", "61. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate measures, within overall existing resource levels, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division, serving as the secretariat of the Commission, in order to ensure enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and its subcommissions in their consideration of submissions, as required by paragraph 9 of annex III to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, in particular its human resources, taking into account the need for simultaneous work on several submissions;", "62. Urges the Secretary-General to continue to provide all necessary secretariat services to the Commission in accordance with article 2, paragraph 5, of annex II to the Convention;", "63. Requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate and timely measures to ensure secretariat services for the Commission and its subcommissions for the extended duration of time requested in the decision of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;¹²", "64. Also requests the Secretary-General, consequently, to allocate appropriate and sufficient resources to the Division to provide adequate services and assistance to the Commission in view of the increase in the number of its working weeks, including through the establishment of additional posts to reinforce the geographic information system, legal and administrative support to the Commission by the Division;", "65. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund established by resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission and to the voluntary trust fund also established by that resolution for the purpose of defraying the cost of participation of the members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission, and encourages States to make additional contributions to these funds;", "66. Approves the convening by the Secretary-General of the twenty-ninth and thirtieth sessions of the Commission, in New York from 19 March to 27 April 2012 and from 30 July to 10 August 2012, respectively, with full conference services, including documentation, for the plenary parts of these sessions,[30] as well as any resumed twenty-ninth and thirtieth sessions as may be required by the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to meet these requirements within overall existing resources, on the understanding that the following periods of the twenty-ninth session will be used for the technical examinations of submissions at the Geographic Information System laboratories and other technical facilities of the Division: 19 March to 5 April 2012 and 23 to 27 April 2012;", "67. Expresses its firm conviction about the importance of the work of the Commission, carried out in accordance with the Convention, including with respect to the participation of coastal States in relevant proceedings concerning their submissions, and recognizes the continued need for active interaction between coastal States and the Commission;", "68. Expresses its appreciation to States that have exchanged views in order to increase understanding of issues, including expenditures involved, arising from the application of article 76 of the Convention, thus facilitating the preparation of submissions by States, in particular developing States, to the Commission, and encourages States to continue exchanging views;", "69. Notes the considerable number of submissions yet to be considered by the Commission, and in this regard stresses the urgent need for States Parties to the Convention to take appropriate and prompt steps that will allow the Commission to consider the increased number of submissions in a timely, efficient and effective manner;", "70. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with Member States, to continue supporting workshops or symposiums on scientific and technical aspects of the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, taking into account the need to strengthen capacity-building for developing countries in preparing their submissions, and takes note of the workshop held by the Government of Angola from 16 to 20 May 2011 in Luanda for this purpose;", "VIII", "Maritime safety and security and flag State implementation", "71. Encourages States to ratify or accede to international agreements addressing the safety and security of navigation, as well as maritime labour, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with the Convention and other relevant international instruments aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements, and emphasizes the need for capacity-building for and assistance to developing States;", "72. Recognizes that the legal regimes governing maritime safety and maritime security may have common and mutually reinforcing objectives that may be interrelated and could benefit from synergies, and encourages States to take this into account in their implementation;", "73. Emphasizes the need for further efforts to promote a culture of safety and security in the shipping industry and to address the shortage of adequately trained personnel, and urges the establishment of more centres to provide the required education and training;", "74. Emphasizes also that safety and security measures should be implemented with minimal negative effects on seafarers and fishers, especially in relation to their working conditions;", "75. Notes the 2010 amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978,[31] and to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code, otherwise known as the Manila amendments,[32] and invites States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to that Convention, as well as the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel, 1995;", "76. Invites States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188) and the Seafarers’ Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185),[33] of the International Labour Organization and to effectively implement those Conventions, and emphasizes the need to provide to States, at their request, technical cooperation and assistance in that regard;", "77. Welcomes ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization and the International Labour Organization relating to the safety of fishers and fishing vessels, underlines the urgent need for continued work in that area, and takes note of the approval by the International Maritime Organization of the Guidelines to Assist Competent Authorities in the Implementation of Part B of the Code of Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels, the Voluntary Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Equipment of Small Fishing Vessels, and the Safety Recommendations for Decked Fishing Vessels of Less than 12 Metres in Length and Undecked Fishing Vessels,[34] which were subsequently forwarded for approval to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization;", "78. Encourages continued cooperation between the parties to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal[35] and the International Maritime Organization on regulations on the prevention of pollution from ships;", "79. Encourages States to consider becoming parties to the 2010 Protocol to the 1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea;[36]", "80. Recalls that all actions taken to combat threats to maritime security must be in accordance with international law, including the principles embodied in the Charter and the Convention;", "81. Recognizes the crucial role of international cooperation at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels in combating, in accordance with international law, threats to maritime security, including piracy, armed robbery at sea, terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, through bilateral and multilateral instruments and mechanisms aimed at monitoring, preventing and responding to such threats, the enhanced sharing of information among States relevant to the detection, prevention and suppression of such threats, and the prosecution of offenders with due regard to national legislation, and the need for sustained capacity-building to support such objectives;", "82. Notes that piracy affects the entire range of vessels engaged in maritime activities;", "83. Emphasizes the importance of promptly reporting incidents to enable accurate information on the scope of the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships and, in the case of armed robbery against ships, by affected vessels to the coastal State, underlines the importance of effective information-sharing with States potentially affected by incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships, and takes note of the important role of the International Maritime Organization;", "84. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to actively combat piracy and armed robbery at sea by adopting measures, including those relating to assistance with capacity-building through training of seafarers, port staff and enforcement personnel in the prevention, reporting and investigation of incidents, bringing the alleged perpetrators to justice, in accordance with international law, and by adopting national legislation, as well as providing enforcement vessels and equipment and guarding against fraudulent ship registration;", "85. Encourages States to ensure effective implementation of international law applicable to combating piracy, as reflected in the Convention, and calls upon States to take appropriate steps under their national law to facilitate, in accordance with international law, the apprehension and prosecution of those who are alleged to have committed acts of piracy, including the financing or facilitation of such acts, also taking into account other relevant instruments that are consistent with the Convention;", "86. Expresses grave concern at the threats posed by piracy and armed robbery at sea to the safety and welfare of seafarers and other persons;", "87. Invites all States, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and other relevant international organizations and agencies to adopt or recommend, as appropriate, measures to protect the interest and welfare of seafarers and fishers who are victims of pirates, after their release from captivity, including their post-incident care and reintegration into society;", "88. Takes note of the ongoing cooperation between the International Maritime Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Division with respect to the compilation of national legislation on piracy, and notes that copies of national legislation received by the Secretariat have been placed on the website of the Division;¹⁰", "89. Encourages continued national, bilateral and trilateral initiatives as well as regional cooperative mechanisms, in accordance with international law, to address piracy, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery at sea in the Asian region, and calls upon other States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level on combating piracy and armed robbery against ships;", "90. Reiterates its serious concern regarding continued incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, expresses alarm in particular at the hijacking of vessels, supports the recent efforts to address this problem at the global and regional levels, notes the adoption by the Security Council of resolutions 1816 (2008) of 2 June 2008, 1838 (2008) of 7 October 2008, 1846 (2008) of 2 December 2008, 1851 (2008) of 16 December 2008, 1897 (2009) of 30 November 2009, 1918 (2010) of 27 April 2010, 1950 (2010) of 23 November 2010, 1976 (2011) of 11 April 2011 and 2015 (2011) of 24 October 2011, as well as the statement by the President of the Security Council of 25 August 2010,[37] and also notes that the authorization in resolution 1816 (2008), and the provisions in resolutions 1838 (2008), 1846 (2008), 1851 (2008), 1897 (2009) and 1950 (2010) apply only to the situation in Somalia and do not affect the rights, obligations or responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or obligations under the Convention, with respect to any other situation, and underscores, in particular, the fact that they are not to be considered as establishing customary international law;", "91. Notes with appreciation the report of the Secretary-General of 15 June 2011,[38] prepared pursuant to the request of the Security Council in resolution 1976 (2011);", "92. Notes the continued efforts within the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, following the adoption of Security Council resolution 1851 (2008), including the establishment under the Contact Group of Working Group 5 on the financial aspects of Somali piracy to focus on and coordinate efforts to disrupt the pirate enterprise ashore, and commends contributions of all States in the efforts to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia;", "93. Recognizes the primary role of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships, acknowledges the importance of a comprehensive and sustainable settlement of the situation in Somalia, and emphasizes the need to address the underlying causes of piracy and to assist Somalia and States in the region in strengthening institutional capacity to fight piracy, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia and to bring to justice those involved in such acts;", "94. Notes the approval by the International Maritime Organization of guidelines to assist in the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed robbery against ships,[39] revised interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators and shipmasters on the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area,[40] revised interim recommendations for flag States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area[41] and interim recommendations for port and coastal States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area;[42]", "95. Also notes the issuance by the International Maritime Organization of Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy off the Coast of Somalia and in the Arabian Sea Area,[43] developed by the industry, and notes the adoption on 20 May 2011 by the International Maritime Organization of the resolution on the implementation of best management practice guidance;[44]", "96. Recalls the adoption on 29 January 2009 of the Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden (Djibouti Code of Conduct)[45] under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization, the establishment of the International Maritime Organization Djibouti Code Trust Fund, a multi-donor trust fund initiated by Japan, and the ongoing activities for the implementation of the Code of Conduct;", "97. Urges States to ensure the full implementation of resolution A.1026(26), adopted on 2 December 2009 by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization, on acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia;", "98. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,[46] notes the entry into force on 28 July 2010 of the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation[47] and of the 2005 Protocol to the 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,[48] invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to those Protocols, and urges States parties to take appropriate measures to ensure the effective implementation of those instruments through the adoption of legislation, where appropriate;", "99. Calls upon States to effectively implement the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code and the amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,[49] and to work with the International Maritime Organization to promote safe and secure shipping while ensuring freedom of navigation;", "100. Notes the approval by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization of the user guide to chapter XI‑2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and to the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code;[50]", "101. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to improve the protection of offshore installations by adopting measures related to the prevention, reporting and investigation of acts of violence against installations, in accordance with international law, and by implementing such measures through national legislation to ensure proper and adequate enforcement;", "102. Emphasizes the progress in regional cooperation, including the efforts of littoral States, on the enhancement of safety, security and environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the effective functioning of the Cooperative Mechanism on safety of navigation and environmental protection to promote dialogue and facilitate close cooperation between the littoral States, user States, shipping industry and other stakeholders in line with article 43 of the Convention, notes with appreciation the convening of the fourth Cooperation Forum, in Malaysia on 10 and 11 October 2011, the fourth Project Coordination Committee Meeting, in Malaysia on 12 October 2011, and the seventh Aids to Navigation Fund Committee Meeting, in Malaysia on 17 and 18 October 2011, the three events being key pillars of the Cooperative Mechanism, notes with appreciation the important role of the Information Sharing Centre of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, based in Singapore, and calls upon States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level;", "103. Recognizes that some transnational organized criminal activities threaten legitimate uses of the oceans and endanger the lives of people at sea;", "104. Notes that transnational organized criminal activities are diverse and may be interrelated in some cases and that criminal organizations are adaptive and take advantage of the vulnerabilities of States, in particular coastal and small island developing States in transit areas, and calls upon States and relevant intergovernmental organizations to increase cooperation and coordination at all levels to detect and suppress the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons, in accordance with international law;", "105. Recognizes the importance of enhancing international cooperation at all levels to fight transnational organized criminal activities, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, within the scope of the United Nations instruments against illicit drug trafficking, as well as the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons and criminal activities at sea falling within the scope of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;[51]", "106. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[52] the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[53] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[54] and to take appropriate measures to ensure their effective implementation;", "107. Calls upon States to ensure freedom of navigation, the safety of navigation and the rights of transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage and innocent passage in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention;", "108. Welcomes the work of the International Maritime Organization relating to the protection of shipping lanes of strategic importance and significance, and in particular in enhancing safety, security and environmental protection in straits used for international navigation, and calls upon the International Maritime Organization, States bordering straits and user States to continue their cooperation to keep such straits safe, secure and environmentally protected and open to international navigation at all times, consistent with international law, in particular the Convention;", "109. Calls upon user States and States bordering straits used for international navigation to continue to cooperate by agreement on matters relating to navigational safety, including safety aids for navigation, and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships, and welcomes developments in this regard;", "110. Calls upon States that have accepted the amendments to regulation XI‑1/6 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,[55] to implement the Code of International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident,[56] which took effect on 1 January 2010;", "111. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming members of the International Hydrographic Organization, and urges all States to work with that Organization to increase the coverage of hydrographic information on a global basis to enhance capacity-building and technical assistance and to promote safe navigation, particularly through the production and use of accurate electronic navigational charts, especially in areas used for international navigation, in ports and where there are vulnerable or protected marine areas;", "112. Encourages States to continue their efforts in the implementation of all areas of the Action Plan for the Safety of Transport of Radioactive Material, approved by the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency in March 2004;[57]", "113. Notes that cessation of the transport of radioactive materials through the regions of small island developing States is an ultimate desired goal of small island developing States and some other countries, and recognizes the right of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law; that States should maintain dialogue and consultation, in particular under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Maritime Organization, with the aim of improved mutual understanding, confidence-building and enhanced communication in relation to the safe maritime transport of radioactive materials; that States involved in the transport of such materials are urged to continue to engage in dialogue with small island developing States and other States to address their concerns; and that these concerns include the further development and strengthening, within the appropriate forums, of international regulatory regimes to enhance safety, disclosure, liability, security and compensation in relation to such transport;", "114. Acknowledges, in the context of paragraph 113 above, the potential environmental and economic impacts of maritime incidents and accidents on coastal States, in particular those related to the transport of radioactive materials, and emphasizes the importance of effective liability regimes in that regard;", "115. Encourages States to draw up plans and to establish procedures to implement the Guidelines on Places of Refuge for Ships in Need of Assistance adopted by the International Maritime Organization on 5 December 2003;[58]", "116. Invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007;[59]", "117. Requests States to take appropriate measures with regard to ships flying their flag or of their registry to address hazards that may be caused by wrecks and drifting or sunken cargo to navigation or the marine environment;", "118. Calls upon States to ensure that masters on ships flying their flag take the steps required by relevant instruments[60] to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea, and urges States to cooperate and to take all necessary measures to ensure the effective implementation of the amendments to the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue[61] and to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea[62] relating to the delivery of persons rescued at sea to a place of safety, as well as of the associated Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea;[63]", "119. Recognizes that all States must fulfil their search and rescue responsibilities and the ongoing need for the International Maritime Organization and other relevant organizations to assist, in particular, developing States both to increase their search and rescue capabilities, including through the establishment of additional rescue coordination centres and regional sub-centres, and to take effective action to address, to the extent feasible, the issue of unseaworthy ships and small craft within their national jurisdiction;", "120. Welcomes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization in relation to disembarkation of persons rescued at sea, and notes in this regard the need to implement all relevant international instruments;", "121. Notes the adoption by the International Maritime Organization on 2 December 2010 of revised guidelines on the prevention of access by stowaways and the allocation of responsibilities to seek the successful resolution of stowaway cases;[64]", "122. Calls upon States to continue to cooperate in developing comprehensive approaches to international migration and development, including through dialogue on all their aspects;", "123. Also calls upon States to take measures to protect fibre-optic submarine cables and to fully address issues relating to these cables, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention;", "124. Encourages greater dialogue and cooperation among States and the relevant regional and global organizations through workshops and seminars on the protection and maintenance of fibre-optic submarine cables to promote the security of such critical communications infrastructure;", "125. Encourages the adoption by States of laws and regulations addressing the breaking or injury of submarine cables or pipelines beneath the high seas done wilfully or through culpable negligence by a ship flying its flag or by a person subject to its jurisdiction, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention;", "126. Affirms the importance of maintenance, including the repair, of submarine cables, undertaken in conformity with international law, as reflected in the Convention;", "127. Reaffirms that flag, port and coastal States all bear responsibility for ensuring the effective implementation and enforcement of international instruments relating to maritime security and safety, in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention, and that flag States have primary responsibility that requires further strengthening, including through increased transparency of ownership of vessels;", "128. Urges flag States without an effective maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to ensure effective compliance with, and implementation and enforcement of, their responsibilities under international law, in particular the Convention, and, until such action is taken, to consider declining the granting of the right to fly their flag to new vessels, suspending their registry or not opening a registry, and calls upon flag and port States to take all measures consistent with international law necessary to prevent the operation of substandard vessels;", "129. Recognizes that international shipping rules and standards adopted by the International Maritime Organization in respect of maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and the prevention and control of marine pollution, complemented by best practices of the shipping industry, have led to a significant reduction in maritime accidents and pollution incidents, encourages all States to participate in the Voluntary International Maritime Organization Member State Audit Scheme,[65] and notes the decision of the International Maritime Organization on a phased-in introduction of the Audit Scheme as an institutionalized process;[66]", "130. Welcomes the work of the International Maritime Organization to develop a mandatory code for ships operating in polar waters (“Polar Code”), and encourages States and competent international organizations and bodies to support continued efforts to finalize the Polar Code within the agreed framework, with an entry into force as soon as possible;", "131. Recognizes that maritime safety can also be improved through effective port State control, the strengthening of regional arrangements and increased coordination and cooperation among them, and increased information-sharing, including among safety and security sectors;", "132. Encourages flag States to take appropriate measures sufficient to achieve or maintain recognition by intergovernmental arrangements that recognize satisfactory flag State performance, including, as appropriate, satisfactory port State control examination results on a sustained basis, with a view to improving quality shipping and furthering flag State implementation of relevant instruments under the International Maritime Organization as well as relevant goals and objectives of the present resolution;", "IX", "Marine environment and marine resources", "133. Emphasizes once again the importance of the implementation of Part XII of the Convention in order to protect and preserve the marine environment and its living marine resources against pollution and physical degradation, and calls upon all States to cooperate and take measures consistent with the Convention, directly or through competent international organizations, for the protection and preservation of the marine environment;", "134. Notes the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, including its findings on the acidification of oceans, and in this regard encourages States and competent international organizations and other relevant institutions, individually and in cooperation, to urgently pursue further research on ocean acidification, especially programmes of observation and measurement, noting in particular paragraph 4 of decision IX/20 adopted at the ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Bonn, Germany, from 19 to 30 May 2008,[67] and the continued work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and to increase national, regional and international efforts to address levels of ocean acidity and the negative impact of such acidity on vulnerable marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs;", "135. Encourages States, individually or in collaboration with relevant international organizations and bodies, to enhance their scientific activity to better understand the effects of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity and develop ways and means of adaptation, taking into account, as appropriate, the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches;", "136. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to international agreements addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment and its living marine resources against the introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens and marine pollution from all sources, including the dumping of wastes and other matter, and other forms of physical degradation, as well as agreements that provide for preparedness for, response to and cooperation on pollution incidents and that include provisions on liability and compensation for damage resulting from marine pollution, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with international law, including the Convention, aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements;", "137. Encourages States, directly or through competent international organizations, to consider the further development and application, as appropriate and consistent with international law, including the Convention, of environmental impact assessment processes covering planned activities under their jurisdiction or control that may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment, and also encourages the communication of the reports of the results of such assessments to the competent international organizations in accordance with the Convention;", "138. Encourages States that have not done so to become parties to regional seas conventions addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment;", "139. Encourages States, in accordance with international law, including the Convention and other relevant instruments, either bilaterally or regionally, to jointly develop and promote contingency plans for responding to pollution incidents, as well as other incidents that are likely to have significant adverse effects on the marine environment and biodiversity;", "140. Recognizes the importance of improving understanding of the impact of climate change on oceans and seas;", "141. Welcomes the activities of the United Nations Environment Programme relating to marine debris carried out in cooperation with relevant United Nations bodies and organizations, notes the holding of the Fifth International Marine Debris Conference, organized by the United States of America and the United Nations Environment Programme, in Honolulu, United States of America, from 20 to 25 March 2011, and encourages States to further develop partnerships with industry and civil society to raise awareness of the extent of the impact of marine debris on the health and productivity of the marine environment and consequent economic loss;", "142. Urges States to integrate the issue of marine debris into national strategies dealing with waste management in the coastal zone, ports and maritime industries, including recycling, reuse, reduction and disposal, and to encourage the development of appropriate economic incentives to address this issue, including the development of cost-recovery systems that provide an incentive to use port reception facilities and discourage ships from discharging marine debris at sea, and support for measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution from any source, including land-based sources, such as community-based coastal and waterway clean-up and monitoring activities, and encourages States to cooperate regionally and subregionally to identify potential sources and coastal and oceanic locations where marine debris aggregates, and to develop and implement joint prevention and recovery programmes for marine debris;", "143. Notes the work of the International Maritime Organization to prevent pollution by garbage from ships, and welcomes the adoption of amendments to annex V to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, on the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships;[68]", "144. Welcomes the entry into force on 1 August 2011 of amendments regarding special requirements for the use or carriage of oils in the Antarctic area to annex I to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, on the prevention of pollution by oil from ships, which prohibit the carriage in bulk as cargo or carriage and use as fuel of heavy grade oils in the Antarctic area;[69]", "145. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Protocol of 1997 (Annex VI-Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, and the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (“the London Protocol”), and furthermore to ratify or accede to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004,[70] thereby facilitating its early entry into force;", "146. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization in accordance with its resolution on International Maritime Organization policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships;[71]", "147. Urges States to cooperate in correcting the shortfall in port waste reception facilities in accordance with the action plan to address the inadequacy of port waste reception facilities developed by the International Maritime Organization;[72]", "148. Recognizes that most of the pollution load of the oceans emanates from land-based activities and affects the most productive areas of the marine environment, and calls upon States as a matter of priority to implement the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities[73] and to take all appropriate measures to fulfil the commitments of the international community embodied in the Beijing Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action;[74]", "149. Notes that the third intergovernmental review of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities will be held in Manila on 25 and 26 January 2012;", "150. Expresses its concern regarding the spreading of hypoxic dead zones in oceans as a result of eutrophication fuelled by riverine run-off of fertilizers, sewage outfall and reactive nitrogen resulting from the burning of fossil fuels and resulting in serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, and calls upon States to enhance their efforts to reduce eutrophication and, to this effect, to continue to cooperate within the framework of relevant international organizations, in particular the Global Programme of Action;", "151. Calls upon all States to ensure that urban and coastal development projects and related land-reclamation activities are carried out in a responsible manner that protects the marine habitat and environment and mitigates the negative consequences of such activities;", "152. Notes the second and third sessions of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to prepare a global legally binding instrument on mercury, held in Chiba, Japan, from 24 to 28 January 2011 and Nairobi from 31 October to 4 November 2011, respectively, pursuant to the agreement of the twenty-fifth session of the United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum;[75]", "153. Welcomes the continued work of States, the United Nations Environment Programme and regional organizations in the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, and encourages increased emphasis on the link between freshwater, the coastal zone and marine resources in the implementation of international development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,⁸ and of the time-bound targets in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”),¹⁴ in particular the target on sanitation, and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development;[76]", "154. Recalls the resolution of the thirtieth Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (“the London Convention”) and the third Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 27 to 31 October 2008, on the regulation of ocean fertilization,[77] in which the Contracting Parties agreed, inter alia, that the scope of the London Convention and Protocol includes ocean fertilization activities and that, given the present state of knowledge, ocean fertilization activities other than for legitimate scientific research should not be allowed, and that scientific research proposals should be assessed on a case-by-case basis using an assessment framework to be developed by the scientific groups under the London Convention and Protocol, and also agreed that, to this end, such other activities should be considered as contrary to the aims of the London Convention and Protocol and should not currently qualify for any exemption from the definition of dumping in article III, paragraph 1 (b), of the London Convention and article 1, paragraph 4.2, of the London Protocol;", "155. Also recalls the resolution of the thirty-second Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the fifth Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 11 to 15 October 2010, on the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization;[78]", "156. Further recalls decision IX/16 C adopted at the ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity,⁶⁷ in which the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, bearing in mind the ongoing scientific and legal analysis occurring under the auspices of the London Convention and Protocol requested parties and urged other Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, to ensure that ocean fertilization activities were not carried out until there was an adequate scientific basis on which to justify such activities, including an assessment of associated risks, and that a global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism was in place for those activities, with the exception of small-scale scientific research studies within coastal waters, and stated that such studies should be authorized only if justified by the need to gather specific scientific data, should be subject to a thorough prior assessment of the potential impacts of the research studies on the marine environment, should be strictly controlled and should not be used for generating and selling carbon offsets or for any other commercial purposes, and notes decision X/29, adopted at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010,[79] in which the Conference of the Parties requested parties to implement decision IX/16 C;", "157. Reaffirms paragraph 119 of resolution 61/222 of 20 December 2006 regarding ecosystem approaches and oceans, including the proposed elements of an ecosystem approach, means to achieve implementation of an ecosystem approach and requirements for improved application of an ecosystem approach, and in this regard:", "(a) Notes that continued environmental degradation in many parts of the world and increasing competing demands require an urgent response and the setting of priorities for management actions aimed at conserving ecosystem integrity;", "(b) Notes that ecosystem approaches to ocean management should be focused on managing human activities in order to maintain and, where needed, restore ecosystem health to sustain goods and environmental services, provide social and economic benefits for food security, sustain livelihoods in support of international development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and conserve marine biodiversity;", "(c) Recalls that States should be guided in the application of ecosystem approaches by a number of existing instruments, in particular the Convention, which sets out the legal framework for all activities in the oceans and seas, and its implementing Agreements, as well as other commitments, such as those contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity[80] and the World Summit on Sustainable Development call for the application of an ecosystem approach by 2010, and in this context encourages States to enhance their efforts towards applying such an approach;", "(d) Encourages States to cooperate and coordinate their efforts and take, individually or jointly, as appropriate, all measures, in conformity with international law, including the Convention and other applicable instruments, to address impacts on marine ecosystems within and beyond areas of national jurisdiction, taking into account the integrity of the ecosystems concerned;", "158. Encourages competent organizations and bodies that have not yet done so to incorporate an ecosystem approach into their mandates, as appropriate, in order to address impacts on marine ecosystems;", "159. Invites States, in particular those States with advanced technology and marine capabilities, to explore prospects for improving cooperation with, and assistance to, developing States, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, with a view to better integrating into national policies and programmes sustainable and effective development in the marine sector;", "160. Encourages the competent international organizations, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and other funding agencies to consider expanding their programmes within their respective fields of competence for assistance to developing countries and to coordinate their efforts, including in the allocation and application of Global Environment Facility funding;", "161. Notes the information compiled by the Secretariat[81] in relation to the assistance available to and measures that may be taken by developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to realize the benefits of sustainable and effective development of marine resources and uses of the oceans, as provided by States and competent international organizations and global and regional funding agencies, and urges them to provide information for the annual report of the Secretary-General and for incorporation on the website of the Division;¹⁰", "162. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009, to facilitate its early entry into force;[82]", "163. Takes note of the role of the Basel Convention³⁵ in protecting the marine environment against the adverse effects which may result from such wastes;", "164. Notes with concern the potential for serious environmental consequences resulting from oil spill incidents, urges States, consistent with international law, to cooperate, directly or through competent international organizations, and share best practices, in the fields of protection of the marine environment, human health and safety, prevention, emergency response and mitigation, and encourages the undertaking of scientific research, including marine scientific research, to better understand the consequences of marine oil spills;", "X", "Marine biodiversity", "165. Reaffirms its central role relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction, notes the work of States and relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies on those issues, and invites them to contribute to its consideration of these issues within the areas of their respective competence;", "166. Welcomes the meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group, convened in New York from 31 May to 3 June 2011 in accordance with paragraph 163 of resolution 65/37 A, and endorses its recommendations;³", "167. Decides, accordingly, to initiate within the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group the process provided for in paragraph 1 (a) of the recommendations of the Working Group,³ that the process will address the issues identified in paragraph 1 (b) of the recommendations and in the fashion described in that paragraph, and that the process will take place: (i) in the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group; and (ii) in the format of intersessional workshops as described in paragraph 1 (c) of the recommendations;", "168. Requests the Secretary-General, consequently, noting paragraph 73 of resolution 59/24 of 17 November 2004, to convene meetings of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group in accordance with paragraph 167 of the present resolution and paragraphs 79 and 80 of resolution 60/30 of 29 November 2005, and in this regard to convene, with full conference services, a meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group, to take place from 7 to 11 May 2012, to provide recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, and requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to meet the requirement for full conference services within existing resources;", "169. Recognizes the abundance and diversity of marine genetic resources and their value in terms of the benefits, goods and services they can provide;", "170. Also recognizes the importance of research on marine genetic resources for the purpose of enhancing the scientific understanding, potential use and application, and enhanced management of marine ecosystems;", "171. Encourages States and international organizations, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and partnerships, to continue in a sustainable and comprehensive way to support, promote and strengthen capacity-building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research, taking into account, in particular, the need to create greater taxonomic capabilities;", "172. Notes the work under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity[83] and the Convention on Biological Diversity elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity,[84] and, while reiterating the central role of the General Assembly relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction, notes the work done by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity;", "173. Reaffirms the need for States, individually or through competent international organizations, to urgently consider ways to integrate and improve, based on the best available scientific information and the precautionary approach and in accordance with the Convention and related agreements and instruments, the management of risks to the marine biodiversity of seamounts, cold water corals, hydrothermal vents and certain other underwater features;", "174. Calls upon States and international organizations to urgently take further action to address, in accordance with international law, destructive practices that have adverse impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold water corals;", "175. Calls upon States to strengthen, in a manner consistent with international law, in particular the Convention, the conservation and management of marine biodiversity and ecosystems and national policies in relation to marine protected areas;", "176. Reaffirms the need for States to continue and intensify their efforts, directly and through competent international organizations, to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools for conserving and managing vulnerable marine ecosystems, including the possible establishment of marine protected areas, consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on the best scientific information available, and the development of representative networks of any such marine protected areas by 2012;", "177. Notes the work of States, relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, in the assessment of scientific information on and compilation of ecological criteria for the identification of marine areas that require protection, in light of the objective of the World Summit on Sustainable Development to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, such as ecosystem approaches and the establishment of marine protected areas consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on scientific information, including representative networks, by 2012;¹⁴", "178. Encourages States to further progress towards the 2012 target for the establishment of marine protected areas, including representative networks, and calls upon States to further consider options to identify and protect ecologically or biologically significant areas, consistent with international law and on the basis of the best available scientific information;", "179. Recalls that the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, at its ninth meeting, adopted scientific criteria for identifying ecologically or biologically significant marine areas in need of protection in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats and scientific guidance for selecting areas to establish a representative network of marine protected areas, including in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats,[85] and further recalls that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has developed guidance for the identification of vulnerable marine ecosystems through the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas;[86]", "180. Acknowledges the Micronesia Challenge, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape project, the Caribbean Challenge and the Coral Triangle Initiative, which in particular seek to create and link domestic marine protected areas to better facilitate ecosystem approaches, and reaffirms the need for further international cooperation, coordination and collaboration in support of such initiatives;", "181. Reiterates its support for the International Coral Reef Initiative, takes note of the International Coral Reef Initiative General Meeting, held in Saint-Denis, Réunion, from 12 to 15 December 2011, and supports the work under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity and the elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity related to coral reefs;", "182. Encourages States and relevant international institutions to improve efforts to address coral bleaching by, inter alia, improving monitoring to predict and identify bleaching events, supporting and strengthening action taken during such events and improving strategies to manage reefs to support their natural resilience and enhance their ability to withstand other pressures, including ocean acidification;", "183. Encourages States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in exchanging information in the event of accidents involving vessels on coral reefs and in promoting the development of economic assessment techniques for both restoration and non-use values of coral reef systems;", "184. Emphasizes the need to mainstream sustainable coral reef management and integrated watershed management into national development strategies, as well as into the activities of relevant United Nations agencies and programmes, international financial institutions and the donor community;", "185. Notes that ocean noise is a potential threat to living marine resources, affirms the importance of sound scientific studies in addressing this matter, encourages further research, studies and consideration of the impacts of ocean noise on living marine resources, and requests the Division to continue to compile the peer-reviewed scientific studies it receives from Member States and intergovernmental organizations pursuant to paragraph 107 of resolution 61/222 and, as appropriate, to make them, or references and links to them, available on its website;", "XI", "Marine science", "186. Calls upon States, individually or in collaboration with each other or with competent international organizations and bodies, to continue to strive to improve understanding and knowledge of the oceans and the deep sea, including, in particular, the extent and vulnerability of deep sea biodiversity and ecosystems, by increasing their marine scientific research activities in accordance with the Convention;", "187. Encourages, in that regard, relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the Endowment Fund of the International Seabed Authority in order to promote the conduct of collaborative marine scientific research in the international seabed area by supporting the participation of qualified scientists and technical personnel from developing countries in relevant programmes, initiatives and activities;", "188. Invites all relevant organizations, funds, programmes and bodies within the United Nations system, in consultation with interested States, to coordinate relevant activities with regional and national marine scientific and technological centres in small island developing States, as appropriate, to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives in accordance with relevant United Nations small island developing States development programmes and strategies;", "189. Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, with the advice of the Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea, on the development of procedures for the implementation of Parts XIII and XIV of the Convention, and also takes note of the ongoing review of the Advisory Body of Experts by an open-ended working group with representatives from member States;", "190. Notes with appreciation the work of the Advisory Body of Experts, including its work in cooperation with the Division, on the practice of member States related to marine scientific research and transfer of marine technology within the framework of the Convention;", "191. Also notes with appreciation the issuance of the revised publication entitled Marine Scientific Research: A guide to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in December 2010,[87] and requests the Secretariat to make efforts to publish the guide in all official languages of the United Nations;", "192. Notes the contribution of the Census of Marine Life to marine biodiversity research, including through its report entitled “First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery”;", "193. Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans-atmosphere interface, including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems;", "194. Takes note with appreciation of the progress made by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Member States towards the establishment of regional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems, welcomes the continued collaboration of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations in this effort, and encourages Member States to establish and sustain their national warning and mitigation systems, within a global, ocean-related multi-hazard approach, as necessary, to reduce loss of life and damage to national economies and strengthen the resilience of coastal communities to natural disasters;", "195. Stresses the need for continued efforts in developing mitigation and preparedness measures for natural disasters, particularly following tsunami events caused by earthquakes, such as the 11 March 2011 event in Japan;", "196. Notes the 2011 report of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, entitled “Ocean data buoy vandalism – incidence, impact and responses”;[88]", "197. Urges States to take necessary action and to cooperate in relevant organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to address damage to ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law, including through education and outreach about the importance and purpose of these buoys, and by strengthening these buoys against such damage, and increasing reporting of such damage;", "XII", "Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects", "198. Reiterates the need to strengthen the regular scientific assessment of the state of the marine environment in order to enhance the scientific basis for policymaking;", "199. Welcomes the meetings of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects, convened in New York from 14 to 18 February 2011 in accordance with paragraph 203 of resolution 65/37 A and on 27 and 28 June 2011 in accordance with paragraph 7 of resolution 65/37 B;", "200. Endorses the recommendations adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its second meeting;⁶", "201. Reaffirms the principles guiding the Regular Process and the objective and scope of its first cycle (2010–2014) as agreed upon at the first meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in 2009;[89]", "202. Adopts the criteria for the appointment of experts and the guidelines for workshops to assist the Regular Process;⁶", "203. Takes note of the draft terms of reference and working methods for the Group of Experts of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects, the report on communication requirements and data and information management for the Regular Process and the report on the preliminary inventory of capacity-building for assessments and types of experts for workshops;⁶", "204. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the preliminary inventory of capacity-building for assessments to the attention of Member States, heads of the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations and other relevant intergovernmental organizations engaged in activities relating to capacity-building for assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, as well as funding institutions, and invite their contribution to the preliminary inventory on existing opportunities and arrangements for capacity-building for assessments;", "205. Welcomes the establishment by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the Bureau to put into practice the decisions and guidance of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole during the intersessional period, such as approving the assignments of members of the pool of experts to work on drafting or to review drafts, and approving arrangements proposed by the Group of Experts for peer review;", "206. Decides that the Bureau shall be composed of fifteen Member States (three Member States from each regional group) and that at least one co-chair and a quorum of five Member States, one per regional group, shall be considered as the minimum requirement for the Bureau to perform its functions;", "207. Recommends that workshops be organized at the earliest possible opportunity in order to inform the first cycle of the Regular Process and welcomes the first of those workshops, held in Santiago from 13 to 15 September 2011, takes note of its report[90] and invites other States to host such workshops, and in this regard notes with appreciation the offer made by China to host a workshop for the Eastern and South-Eastern Asian Seas, which is planned for the end of February 2012, and the offer made by Belgium to host a workshop for the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea in March 2012;", "208. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the third meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole from 23 to 27 April 2012 with a view to enabling the first cycle of the first global integrated assessment to proceed, and to provide recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "209. Takes note of the ongoing work of States aimed at the finalization of the possible outline for the first global integrated assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects,⁶ which would be further considered by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its next meeting;", "210. Recalls that the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations, is accountable to the General Assembly and is an intergovernmental process guided by international law, including the Convention and other applicable international instruments, and takes into account relevant Assembly resolutions;", "211. Emphasizes that the first cycle of the Regular Process has begun and that the deadline for the first integrated assessment is 2014;", "212. Notes that the first phase of the first cycle of the Regular Process (2010–2012) will provide for the preparation of key questions to be answered by the first integrated assessment, at all regional levels, to ensure an effective science-policy relationship and the participation of all relevant stakeholders, in particular local experts, in defining specific objectives and scope of the assessments;", "213. Invites the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Maritime Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and other competent United Nations specialized agencies, as appropriate, to continue to provide technical and scientific support to the Regular Process;", "214. Requests the secretariat of the Regular Process to convene at least one meeting of the Group of Experts, as appropriate and subject to the availability of resources, prior to the next meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole;", "215. Notes with appreciation the support provided by the Division to the Regular Process, and notes also with appreciation the technical and logistical support of the United Nations Environment Programme and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission;", "216. Requests the Secretary-General to promptly take appropriate measures, by mobilizing all available extrabudgetary and existing resources, including through the redeployment of staff, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division, in particular its human resources, serving as the secretariat of the Regular Process, including in the context of the programme budget for the current biennium and the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2012–2013;", "217. Notes with appreciation the contributions made to the voluntary trust fund for the purpose of supporting the operations of the first five-year cycle of the Regular Process, expresses its serious concern regarding the limited resources available in the trust fund, and urges Member States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make financial contributions to those funds established pursuant to paragraph 183 of resolution 64/71 and to make other contributions to the Regular Process;", "XIII", "Regional cooperation", "218. Notes that there have been a number of initiatives at the regional level, in various regions, to further the implementation of the Convention, takes note in that context of the Caribbean-focused Assistance Fund, which is intended to facilitate, mainly through technical assistance, the voluntary undertaking of maritime delimitation negotiations between Caribbean States, takes note once again of the Fund for Peace: Peaceful Settlement of Territorial Disputes, established by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in 2000 as a primary mechanism, given its broader regional scope, for the prevention and resolution of pending territorial, land border and maritime boundary disputes, and calls upon States and others in a position to do so to contribute to these funds;", "219. Notes with appreciation efforts at the regional level to further the implementation of the Convention and respond, including through capacity-building, to issues related to maritime safety and security, the conservation and sustainable use of living marine resources, the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity;", "220. Invites States and international organizations to enhance their cooperation to better protect the marine environment, and in this respect welcomes the memorandum of understanding for enhanced cooperation, concluded between the Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, the International Seabed Authority and the International Maritime Organization;", "221. Recognizes the results of the International Polar Year, 2007–2008, with particular emphasis on new knowledge about the linkages between environmental change in the polar regions and global climate systems, encourages States and scientific communities to strengthen their cooperation in this respect, and notes the International Polar Year “From Knowledge to Action” Conference to be held in Montreal, Canada, from 22 to 27 April 2012;", "222. Welcomes regional cooperation, and in this regard notes the Pacific Oceanscape Framework as an initiative to enhance cooperation among coastal States in the Pacific island region to foster marine conservation and sustainable development;", "223. Notes with appreciation the various cooperative efforts displayed by States at the regional and subregional levels, and in this regard welcomes initiatives such as the Integrated Assessment and Management of the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem;", "224. Notes the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic;", "XIV", "Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea", "225. Welcomes the report on the work of the Informal Consultative Process at its twelfth meeting, which focused on contributing to the assessment, in the context of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, of progress to date and the remaining gaps in the implementation of the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development and addressing new and emerging challenges;⁴", "226. Recognizes the role of the Informal Consultative Process as a unique forum for comprehensive discussions on issues related to oceans and the law of the sea, consistent with the framework provided by the Convention and chapter 17 of Agenda 21, and that the perspective of the three pillars of sustainable development should be further enhanced in the examination of the selected topics;", "227. Welcomes the work of the Informal Consultative Process and its contribution to improving coordination and cooperation between States and strengthening the annual debate of the General Assembly on oceans and the law of the sea by effectively drawing attention to key issues and current trends, emphasizes the timeliness of this year’s topic, and in this regard encourages States to consider the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development as an opportunity to consider measures to implement internationally agreed goals and commitments relating to the conservation and sustainable use of the marine environment and its resources;", "228. Also welcomes efforts to improve and focus the work of the Informal Consultative Process, and in that respect recognizes the primary role of the Informal Consultative Process in integrating knowledge, the exchange of opinions among multiple stakeholders and coordination among competent agencies, and enhancing awareness of topics, including emerging issues, while promoting the three pillars of sustainable development, and recommends that the Informal Consultative Process devise a transparent, objective and inclusive process for the selection of topics and panellists so as to facilitate the work of the General Assembly during informal consultations concerning the annual resolution on oceans and the law of the sea;", "229. Recalls the need to strengthen and improve the efficiency of the Informal Consultative Process, and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations and programmes to provide guidance to the Co-Chairs to this effect, particularly before and during the preparatory meeting for the Informal Consultative Process;", "230. Also recalls that a further review of the effectiveness and utility of the Informal Consultative Process will be undertaken by the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "231. Requests the Secretary-General to convene, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of resolution 54/33, the thirteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, in New York from 29 May to 1 June 2012, to provide it with the necessary facilities for the performance of its work and to arrange for support to be provided by the Division, in cooperation with other relevant parts of the Secretariat, as appropriate;", "232. Expresses its continued serious concern regarding the lack of resources available in the voluntary trust fund established by resolution 55/7 for the purpose of assisting developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing States, in attending the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process, and urges States to make additional contributions to the trust fund;", "233. Decides that those representatives from developing countries who are invited by the Co-Chairs, in consultation with Governments, to make presentations during the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process shall receive priority consideration in the disbursement of funds from the voluntary trust fund established by resolution 55/7 in order to cover the costs of their travel, and shall also be eligible to receive daily subsistence allowance subject to the availability of funds after the travel costs of all other eligible representatives from those countries mentioned in paragraph 232 above have been covered;", "234. Recalls its decision in resolution 65/37 A that, in its deliberations on the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea, the Informal Consultative Process will focus its discussions at its thirteenth meeting on marine renewable energies;", "XV", "Coordination and cooperation", "235. Encourages States to work closely with and through international organizations, funds and programmes, as well as the specialized agencies of the United Nations system and relevant international conventions, to identify emerging areas of focus for improved coordination and cooperation and how best to address these issues;", "236. Encourages bodies established by the Convention to strengthen coordination and cooperation, as appropriate, in fulfilling their respective mandates;", "237. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of heads of intergovernmental organizations, the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations engaged in activities relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, as well as funding institutions, and underlines the importance of their constructive and timely input for the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea and of their participation in relevant meetings and processes;", "238. Welcomes the work done by the secretariats of relevant United Nations specialized agencies, programmes, funds and bodies and the secretariats of related organizations and conventions to enhance inter-agency coordination and cooperation on ocean issues, including through UN-Oceans, the inter-agency coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal issues within the United Nations system;", "239. Invites the Joint Inspection Unit to review UN-Oceans and to submit a report thereon to the General Assembly for its consideration, and requests UN-Oceans to submit to the Assembly draft terms of reference for its work, to be considered by the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session with a view to reviewing the mandate of UN-Oceans and enhancing transparency and reporting of its activities to Member States;", "240. Encourages continued updates to Member States by UN-Oceans regarding its priorities and initiatives, in particular with respect to the proposed participation in UN-Oceans;", "XVI", "Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea", "241. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the annual comprehensive report on oceans and the law of the sea, prepared by the Division, as well as for the other activities of the Division, which reflect the high standard of assistance provided to Member States by the Division;", "242. Notes with satisfaction the third observance by the United Nations of World Oceans Day on 8 June 2011, recognizes with appreciation the efforts deployed by the Division in organizing its celebration, and invites the Division to continue to promote and facilitate international cooperation on the law of the sea and ocean affairs in the context of the future observance of World Oceans Day, as well as through its participation in other events such as the World Expo to be held in Yeosu, Republic of Korea, in 2012;", "243. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to carry out the responsibilities and functions entrusted to him in the Convention and by the related resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolutions 49/28 and 52/26, and to ensure the allocation of appropriate resources to the Division for the performance of its activities under the approved budget for the Organization;", "244. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue the publication activities of the Division, in particular through the publication of The Law of the Sea: A Select Bibliography and the Law of the Sea Bulletin;", "XVII", "Commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention", "245. Decides to devote two days of plenary meetings at its sixty-seventh session, on 10 and 11 December 2012, to the consideration of the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea” and the commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention, including special recognition of the crucial role played by Ambassador Arvid Pardo of Malta and, in particular, his visionary speech delivered on 1 November 1967 before the General Assembly, leading to the adoption of the Convention, and encourages Member States and observers to be represented at the highest possible level;", "246. Invites States Parties to the Convention to commemorate at their twenty-second meeting the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention;", "247. Welcomes the decision of the Assembly of the International Seabed Authority to convene a special meeting during its eighteenth session to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention;[91]", "248. Requests the Secretary-General to organize, as appropriate, activities to mark this occasion, and invites States, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and other relevant bodies, in accordance with the practices of the United Nations, to support these activities, as appropriate;", "XVIII", "Sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly", "249. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a report for consideration by the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on developments and issues relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including the implementation of the present resolution, in accordance with resolutions 49/28, 52/26 and 54/33, and to make the section of the report related to the topic that is the focus of the thirteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process available at least six weeks in advance of the meeting of the Informal Consultative Process;", "250. Emphasizes the critical role of the annual report of the Secretary-General, which integrates information on developments relating to the implementation of the Convention and the work of the Organization, its specialized agencies and other institutions in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea at the global and regional levels, and as a result constitutes the basis for the annual consideration and review of developments relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea by the General Assembly as the global institution having the competence to undertake such a review;", "251. Notes that the report referred to in paragraph 249 above will also be submitted to States Parties pursuant to article 319 of the Convention regarding issues of a general nature that have arisen with respect to the Convention;", "252. Also notes the desire to further improve the efficiency of and effective participation of delegations in the informal consultations concerning the annual General Assembly resolution on oceans and the law of the sea, decides that the period of the informal consultations on that resolution should not exceed a maximum of two weeks in total and that the consultations should be scheduled in such a way that the Division has sufficient time to produce the report referred to in paragraph 249 above, and invites States to submit text proposals for inclusion in the resolution to the Coordinator of the informal consultations at the earliest possible date;", "253. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "Annex", "Recommendations of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction³", "The Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group, having met from 31 May to 3 June 2011 in accordance with paragraph 163 of General Assembly resolution 65/37 A of 7 December 2010, recommends that:", "(a) A process be initiated, by the General Assembly, with a view to ensuring that the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction effectively addresses those issues by identifying gaps and ways forward, including through the implementation of existing instruments and the possible development of a multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea;¹", "(b) This process address the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, in particular, together and as a whole, marine genetic resources, including questions on the sharing of benefits, measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, and environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology;", "(c) This process take place: (i) in the existing Working Group; and (ii) in the format of intersessional workshops aimed at improving understanding of the issues and clarifying key questions as an input to the work of the Working Group;", "(d) The mandate of the Working Group be reviewed and, as appropriate, amended, with a view to undertaking the tasks entrusted by the present recommendations;", "(e) The Secretary-General be requested to convene a meeting of the Working Group in 2012 to make progress on all issues under examination within the Working Group and to provide recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[2]  A/66/70 and Add.1 and 2.", "[3]  A/66/119, annex, sect. I.", "[4]  See A/66/186.", "[5]  SPLOS/231.", "[6]  See A/66/189.", "[7]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[8]  See resolution 55/2.", "[9]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1184, No. 18961.", "[10]  Available from www.un.org/depts/los/index.htm.", "[11]  SPLOS/183.", "[12]  SPLOS/229.", "[13]  Available from www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm.", "[14]  See Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[15]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1836, No. 31364.", "[16]  Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924.", "[17]  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum: Resolutions, resolution 24.", "[18]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[19]  See Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, document IOC/INF-1203.", "[20]  CLCS/40/Rev.1.", "[21]  CLCS/11 and Corr.1 and Add.1 and Add.1/Corr.1.", "[22]  SPLOS/237.", "[23]  See ISBA/17/A/9.", "[24]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, No. 37925.", "[25]  Ibid., vol. 2214, No. 39357.", "[26]  SPLOS/183, para. 1 (a).", "[27]  See CLCS/70 and Corr. 1 and CLCS/72.", "[28]  SPLOS/183, para. 3.", "[29]  www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm.", "[30]  From 9 to 20 April 2012 and from 30 July to 10 August 2012.", "[31]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1361, No. 23001.", "[32]  See International Maritime Organization, documents STCW/CONF.2/32–34.", "[33]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2304, No. 41069.", "[34]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/25/Add.1, annex 16.", "[35]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1673, No. 28911.", "[36]  International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.17/10.", "[37]  S/PRST/2010/16; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2010–31 July 2011.", "[38]  S/2011/360.", "[39]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1404.", "[40]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.1.", "[41]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.1.", "[42]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1408.", "[43]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1337, annex 2.", "[44]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/25/Add.4, annex 29.", "[45]  See International Maritime Organization, document C 102/14, annex, attachment 1.", "[46]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1678, No. 29004.", "[47]  International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/21.", "[48]  International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/22.", "[49]  International Maritime Organization, documents SOLAS/CONF.5/32 and 34, as well as resolution MSC.202(81) introducing the long-range identification and tracking of ships system.", "[50]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/WP.6/Add.1.", "[51]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[52]  Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "[53]  Ibid., vol. 2326, No. 39574.", "[54]  Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[55]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.257(84).", "[56]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 1, resolution MSC.255(84).", "[57]  Available from www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/action-plans/transport-action-plan.pdf.", "[58]  International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.949(23).", "[59]  International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.16/19.", "[60]  The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, as amended, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, and the International Convention on Salvage, 1989.", "[61]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 5, resolution MSC.155(78).", "[62]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.153(78).", "[63]  International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.2, annex 34, resolution MSC.167(78).", "[64]  See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 88/26/Add.1, annex 6, resolution MSC.312(88).", "[65]  International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.946(23).", "[66]  International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.1018(26).", "[67]  See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I.", "[68]  International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24, annex 13, resolution MEPC.201(62).", "[69]  See International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 60/22, annex 10, resolution MEPC.189(60).", "[70]  International Maritime Organization, document BWM/CONF/36, annex.", "[71]  International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.963(23).", "[72]  International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 53/9/1, annex 1.", "[73]  See A/51/116, annex II.", "[74]  UNEP/GPA/IGR.2/7, annex V.", "[75]  See UNEP/GC.25/17, annex I, decision 25/5.", "[76]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[77]  International Maritime Organization, document LC 30/16, annex 6, resolution LC-LP.1 (2008).", "[78]  International Maritime Organization, document LC 32/15, annex 5, resolution LC-LP.2 (2010).", "[79]  See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex.", "[80]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[81]  A/63/342.", "[82]  See International Maritime Organization, document SR/CONF/45.", "[83]  See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10.", "[84]  United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/5, annex I.", "[85]  See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I, decision IX/20, annexes I and II.", "[86]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation on International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas, Rome, 4–8 February and 25–29 August 2008, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 881 (FIEP/R881 (Tri)), appendix F.", "[87]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.10.V.12.", "[88]  World Meteorological Organization-Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Data Buoy Cooperation Panel, DBCP Technical Document No. 41.", "[89]  See A/64/347, annex.", "[90]  A/66/587, annex.", "[91]  See ISBA/17/A/8." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.21 and Add.1)]", "Oceans and the law of the sea", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolutions 65/37A of 7 December 2010 and 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, as well as other relevant resolutions on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the Convention),", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General, [2] recommendations of the Open-ended informal Ad Hoc Working Group on Matters relating to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Ecosystems in Regions other than national jurisdiction (the Open-ended Informal AWG-KP), [3] report on the work of the twelfth meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (“the Informal Consultative Process”), [4] report of the Twenty-First Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention [5] and the report of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Global Report on the state of the Marine Environment, including socio-economic aspects (the regular process),", "Noting with satisfaction that the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention in Montego Bay, Jamaica, on 10 December 1982, is at stake, and recognizing the excellent contribution of the Convention to strengthen peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among States, in accordance with the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and to contribute to the sustainable development of the oceans,", "Emphasizing the universality and uniformity of the Convention, reaffirming that the Convention provides for the legal framework to be followed by various ocean activities, which is the basis for national, regional and global action and cooperation in the field of maritime areas, and reaffirming the importance of maintaining the integrity of the Convention, as confirmed in chapter 17 of Agenda 21,", "Recognizing the important contribution of sustainable development and management of the resources and uses of the oceans to the achievement of international development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration [8],", "Aware that the issues of ocean space are closely related to each other and require a holistic consideration from a cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral perspective, reaffirming the importance of improving cooperation and coordination at the national, regional and global levels, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in order to support and complement national efforts to promote the implementation and compliance of the Convention and the integrated management and sustainable development of the oceans,", "Reiterating the urgent need for cooperation, including through capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology, to ensure that States, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as African coastal States, are able to implement the Convention and benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas and to participate fully in global and regional forums and processes dealing with oceans and the law of the sea,", "Emphasizing the importance of strengthening the capacity of competent international organizations to assist in the development of national capacities in marine science and sustainable management of ocean and marine resources at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels, through cooperation programmes with Governments,", "Recalling that marine sciences promote knowledge through continuous research and assessment monitoring results and use them for management and decision-making, are essential to eradicating poverty, enhancing food security, conserving the world marine environment and resources, and helping to understand, predict and respond to natural events and promote sustainable development of the oceans,", "Reiterating its deep concern at the serious adverse effects of certain human activities on the marine environment and biodiversity, in particular on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including coral, refrigeration, hydrothermal and seabed mountains, as well as their entities and biological structures,", "Emphasizing that shipbreaking should guarantee security and environmental sustainability,", "Deeply concerned that land- and coastal development activities, in particular in the context of land-based land-based land-based landfilling, may actually alter and destroy marine habitats and have harmful economic, social and environmental impacts,", "Reiterating its grave concern at the current and projected adverse impacts of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity in the future, and stressing the urgency of addressing this issue,", "Concerned at the increasing occurrence of coral bleaching throughout the tropical oceans and the increased frequency of occurrences, weakening the ability of coral to sustain marine acidification, which may have serious and irreversible adverse impacts on marine life, in particular coral, and weakening their ability to afford other pressures, such as overfishing and pollution,", "Reiterating its deep concern at the fragile environment and ecosystems in the polar region, including the Arctic Ocean and the ices, as the expected adverse impacts of climate change affect them in particular,", "Recognizing the need for a more coherent and ecological environment-based approach to further study and promote measures to enhance cooperation, coordination and collaboration in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction,", "Recognizing also that international cooperation, technical assistance, advanced scientific knowledge and funding and capacity-building can generate additional benefits for the Convention,", "Recognizing also that measuring sea and producing sea maps are essential for the safety of maritime navigation and life, environmental protection (including the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems) and the economic benefits of the global shipping industry, and encouraging further efforts to use electronic maps that would significantly increase the benefits of safety navigation and ship navigation management, as well as the provision of data and information for other sectoral uses of sustainable fisheries activities and the marine environment for the purpose of delineating maritime boundaries and protecting the environment, and taking note of the requirement of amendments to the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,", "Recognizing that the buoys of marine data established and operated in accordance with international law are essential to save lives, as they can detect storm surges and tsunamis and raise awareness of weather, climate and ecosystems, and reiterating its grave concern about their intentional and unintentional damage,", "Emphasizing that the archaeological, cultural and historical heritage of water, including the instrument of silence and water delivery, constitute an important message of human history and a resource for protection and preservation,", "Noting with concern the continuing existence of transnational organized crime at sea, including the illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the threat to the safety and security of the sea, including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling and terrorist acts against shipping, maritime facilities and other maritime rights, and noting that such activities have resulted in deplorable loss of life and negatively impacting international trade, energy security and the global economy,", "Recognizing that most of the global data and communications transmitted by submarine fibre-optic cables are of great importance to the global economy and the national security of all countries, and recognizing that these cables are easily subject to the intentional and accidental damage of shipping and other activities, including the importance of repairs, noting that, at various workshops and seminars, States have been brought to the attention of those matters, and recognizing the need for national legislation and regulations to protect submarine cables and to criminalize acts of intentional damage or damage to cables,", "Noting the importance of delineating the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, the submission of information on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (“the Commission”), in line with the wider interest of the international community, and welcoming the submission made by many States parties to the Commission on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, the continuing role of the Commission in making recommendations to coastal States, and the publication of a summary of recommendations, [10]", "Noting also that many coastal States parties submitted initial information on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in accordance with the decisions of the Eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the work of the Commission and the capacity of States, in particular developing countries, to implement article IV of annex II to the Convention, and the decision contained in document SPLOS/72 (a),", "Noting also that some coastal States still face special challenges in the preparation and submission of submissions to the Commission,", "Noting that, in carrying out activities relating to the preparation and submission of submissions to the Commission, developing countries may seek financial and technical assistance, including through resolution 55/7 of 30 October 2000, to assist developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, in accordance with article 76 of the Convention and the voluntary trust fund established for the preparation and submission of submissions to the Commission, and may seek other international assistance,", "Recognizing the important role played by the Trust Fund established in resolution 55/7 in assisting members of developing countries in the meetings of the Committee and meeting the requirements of Article IV of annex II to the Convention, and noting with appreciation the recent contributions to the Fund,", "Reaffirming the importance of the work of the Commission for coastal States and the international community as a whole,", "Recognizing that, owing to the large number of submissions that have been received and have not been received, the work of the Commission has resulted in additional requirements and challenges for members of the Committee and the secretariat provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations through the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (“the Sea Law Division”) by the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat, and recognizing the decisions taken by the Twenty-First Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the workload of the Commission [12]", "Noting with concern the projected timetable for the work of the Commission relating to the receipt and outstanding submissions of the Commission, [13] and the consequences arising from the sessions of the Commission and the sessions of the Subcommittee in this regard,", "Recognizing that the projected timetable is unfair and poses serious difficulties for States, including with regard to the retention of persons with expertise, as a result of the lengthy delays between the preparation of the submission and the work of the Commission on the submission,", "Recognizing also the need for action to ensure that the Committee is able to perform its functions promptly, effectively and effectively in accordance with the Convention and to maintain a high level of quality and professionalism,", "Recalling its resolutions 57/141 of 12 December 2002 and 58/240 of 23 December 2003, and in accordance with the recommendations of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, [14] decided to establish a regular process under the auspices of the United Nations to submit global reports and assessments on the state and prospects of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects, on the basis of existing regional assessments, and noting the need for cooperation to that end,", "Recalling also the decision contained in paragraphs 202, 203 and 209 of resolution 65/37A to establish and be responsible for the regular process of the United Nations,", "Recalling also that the Division of Sea Law has been designated to provide secretariat support to the regular process, including its established bodies,", "Recognizing the importance and contribution of the Informal Consultative Process established by resolution 54/33 of 24 November 1999 to facilitate the annual review of developments in ocean affairs by the General Assembly,", "Taking note of the responsibilities assumed by the Secretary-General in accordance with the Convention and relevant General Assembly resolutions, in particular resolutions 49/28 of 6 December 1994 and 52/26 of 26 November 1997, as well as resolutions 54/33, 65/37A and 65/37B, and in this regard, noting that, in particular given the increasing number of requests for additional outputs and conference services to the Division of Sea Law, the increased activities of the Division of Sea Law and the increasing number of capacity-building activities, increased support and assistance to the Commission and the role it plays in inter-agency coordination and cooperation,", "Reaffirming the importance of the work of the International Seabed Authority (“the Authority”) in accordance with the Convention and the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (Part XI Agreement) [15],", "Reaffirming also the importance of the work of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (“the Tribunal on the Law of the Sea”) under the Convention,", "Implementation of the Convention and related agreements and instruments", "Reaffirms its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolutions 65/37A and 65/37B and other relevant resolutions of the Convention;1", "Also reaffirms the importance of the uniformity of the Convention and the preservation of the integrity of the Convention;", "Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to participate in these two instruments in order to achieve the goal of universal participation;", "Calls upon the non-participation of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (SCO). States participating in the Agreement [16] to achieve the goal of universal participation;", "Calls upon States to harmonize their domestic legislation with the provisions of the Convention and to harmonize the provisions with the relevant agreements and instruments when applicable in order to ensure the uniform application of those provisions, while ensuring that any declarations or statements made by States when signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention do not purport to exclude or modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Convention in the application of the relevant States concerned, and to withdraw such declarations or statements;", "Calls upon States parties that have not yet done so, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, to deposit these maps to the Secretary-General, or geographical coordinates, preferably by using the most recent recognized baselines;", "Urges all States, in conformity with the Convention, to take measures, directly or through competent international bodies, to protect and preserve the archaeological and historical components discovered by the sea, and calls upon States to cooperate in addressing challenges and opportunities, such as the appropriate relationship between the Zangula Act and the scientific management and preservation of the cultural heritage, the continuous improvement in technical capacity to detect and detect water sites, the looting and the expansion of the tourism industry;", "Takes note of the recent deposit of the instrument of ratification and acceptance of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Cultural Heritage under Water, and calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider participating in the Convention and, in particular, to take note of the rules annexed to the Convention, which stipulate the relationship between the application of the law of the High Contracting Parties, their nationals and vessels flying their flag and the scientific principles of the management, preservation and protection of the cultural heritage underwater;", "Capacity-building", "Emphasizes the importance of capacity-building to ensure that States, in particular developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, and African coastal States, are able to fully implement the Convention and benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and to participate fully in global and regional forums on ocean affairs and the law of the sea;", "Also emphasizes the importance of international cooperation at the national, regional and global levels for capacity-building, including cross-sectoral cooperation, to bridge gaps in capacity-building in ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including marine science;", "Calls upon capacity-building initiatives to take into account the needs of developing countries, and calls upon States, international organizations and donor agencies to ensure their sustainability;", "Calls upon donor agencies and international financial institutions to keep their programmes systematically under review to ensure that all States, in particular developing countries, have the necessary economic, legal, navigation, science and technology skills to fully implement the Convention and achieve the objectives of the present resolution and to achieve sustainable development of the oceans at the national, regional and global levels, bearing in mind the rights and needs of landlocked developing countries;", "Encourages enhanced efforts to build capacity among developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as African coastal States, to improve the production of sea-based measurement and sea maps, including e-nautical maps, and to mobilize resources and build capacities, with the support of international financial institutions and the donor community;", "Calls upon States and international financial institutions to continue to strengthen capacity-building activities in the field of marine scientific research, including training personnel, in particular in developing countries, through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and technical partnerships, to provide the necessary equipment, facilities and vessels and transfer environmentally sound technologies;", "Also calls upon States and international financial institutions to strengthen capacity-building activities in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and technical partnerships, in order to establish or strengthen the necessary infrastructure, legislation and enforcement capacities to enable effective compliance, implementation and implementation of their responsibilities under international law;", "Emphasizes the need to focus on strengthening South-South cooperation as a further way to build capacity and to further assist States in identifying their priorities and needs;", "Recognizes the importance of the work of the International Maritime Law Institute as a training and training centre for government legal advisers from developing countries, and recognizes the effective role of the Institute in capacity-building in the field of international law, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and financial institutions to make voluntary contributions to the budget of the Institute;", "Also recognizes the importance of the World Maritime University of the International Maritime Organization as a maritime education and research centre, and recognizes its role in the effective role of capacity-building in the areas of maritime transport, policy, administration, security, security and environmental protection, as well as in the exchange and transfer of knowledge, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and other institutions to make voluntary contributions to the University;", "Welcomes the current capacity-building activities to meet the safety and security needs of the sea and to protect the marine environment in developing countries, and encourages States and international financial institutions to provide additional funding for capacity-building programmes, including technology transfer, including through the International Maritime Organization and other competent international organizations;", "Recognizes that it is very important that the relevant international organizations and donors continue to build their capacity in developing countries in terms of funding and technology so that they are more able to take effective measures to combat all forms of international maritime criminal activity in accordance with relevant international instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols;", "Also recognizes the need to build the capacity of developing countries to raise their awareness of ways of improving waste management and to support their implementation, noting that small island developing States are particularly vulnerable to marine pollution from land-based sources and marine wastes;", "Further recognizes the importance of assisting developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as African coastal States, in the implementation of the Convention, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and institutions, national institutions, non-governmental organizations and international financial institutions, as well as natural and legal persons, as stated in resolutions 55/7 and 57/141 of 4 December 2009, to make voluntary contributions or other contributions to trust funds established for that purpose;", "Acknowledges the importance of capacity-building for the protection of the marine environment, conservation and sustainable use of marine resources in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States and in African coastal States;", "Acknowledges that promoting voluntary transfer of technology is an important aspect of capacity-building in marine science;", "Encourages States to adopt the standards and guidelines on maritime technology transfer adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-second session, in 2003, and recalls the important role played by the secretariat of the Commission in the implementation and promotion of the Standards and Guidelines;", "Notes with satisfaction the efforts of the Division to prepare information on capacity-building initiatives, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to update such information provided by States, international organizations and donor agencies on a regular basis and to include them in the annual report to the General Assembly, invites States, international organizations and donor agencies to submit such information to the Secretary-General for that purpose, and requests the Division to disseminate information on capacity-building initiatives on its website in a accessible manner to facilitate matching capacity-building needs with opportunities;", "Calls upon States to assist developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as African coastal States, through bilateral and multilateral means, in the preparation of submissions to the Commission on the delimitation of outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, including the assessment of the nature and scope of the continental shelf of coastal States, and recalls that coastal States may request scientific technical advice to the Commission in the preparation of the submission data, in accordance with article III of annex II to the Convention;", "Calls upon the Division of Sea Law to continue to distribute information on the procedures relating to the trust fund established to assist in the preparation of submissions to the Commission and to continue its dialogue with potential beneficiaries in order to assist developing countries in their activities, financially, in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and the Committee's Rules of Procedure. 20] Preparation of submissions and scientific and technical guidelines [21];", "Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with States and relevant international organizations and institutions, to continue to support training and other activities to assist developing countries in the preparation and submission of submissions to the Commission;", "Notes with appreciation the contribution of the Division to capacity-building activities at the national and regional levels;", "Invites Member States and others in a position to do so to support the capacity-building activities of the Division, including, inter alia, training and other activities aimed at assisting developing countries in the preparation of submissions to the Commission, and invites Member States and others in a position to do so to contribute to the trust fund established by the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law and to express their appreciation to those who have contributed;", "Acknowledges with appreciation the important contribution made by the Hamilton Salilé Agro Memorial of the Law of the Sea to the capacity-building and promotion of the law of the sea in developing countries, notes the generous allocation of Member States to enable the issuance of the twenty-fourth fellowship in 2011, and notes that the fund balance of fellowships remains small, and reiterates once again its grave concern at the continued lack of resources and urgently calls upon Member States and others in a position to do so to contribute generously to the further development of the fellowship, in order to ensure that fellowships are issued annually and to take due note of the Secretary-General's list of the trust fund for the United Nations Pledging Conference on Development Activities;", "Also recognizes with appreciation that the United Nations-Japan Fellowship Programme relies on its network of more than 40 host institutions, has awarded 70 fellowships to individuals from 54 Member States since 2005 and that the Third Regional Curriculum was held in Nairobi from 10 to 16 July 2011, emphasizing the importance of the integration of natural science and social sciences, promoting interlinkages among school-friendly and school-friendly organizations, making an important contribution to the development of human resources for developing Member States in ocean affairs and the law of the sea and related disciplines and to promoting integrated and cross-sectoral approaches;", "Further recognizes with appreciation the allocation of funds by the Global Environment Facility for projects relating to oceans and marine biodiversity;", "Conference of the States Parties", "Welcomes the report of the Twenty-First Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention5 Report of the Special Meeting held on 11 August 2011 for a member of the Electoral Commission; [22]", "Requests the Secretary-General to convene the twenty-second Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention in New York from 4 to 11 June 2012, and to provide the necessary full range of conference services, including documentation;", "Peaceful settlement of disputes", "Notes with satisfaction the important contribution of the Tribunal to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means, in accordance with Part 15 of the Convention, and stresses the important role and authority of the Tribunal in the interpretation or application of the Convention and Part XI Agreements;", "Commends the International Court of Justice for having long played an important role in the peaceful settlement of disputes concerning the law of the sea;", "Notes that a State party relevant to an international agreement for the purposes of the Convention may submit any dispute submitted, inter alia, to the Tribunal or the International Court of Justice, in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement, and notes that the Statute of the Tribunal and the Statute of the Court may refer the dispute to a Chamber;", "Encourages States parties to the Convention that have not made a written declaration to consider making written statements by making options in the various ways set out in article 287 of the Convention to resolve disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and Part XI of the Agreement, bearing in mind the comprehensive nature of the dispute settlement mechanism set out in Part XV of the Convention;", "V. Regional", "Encourages progress in the finalization of the Regulations on prospecting and exploration for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Area, and reiterates the need for the Authority to continue to develop rules, regulations and procedures to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment, in accordance with article #45 of the Convention, in order to, inter alia, protect and conserve natural resources of the Area, and to prevent plants that may be harmful to the marine environment in the event of the Area;", "Acknowledges the action taken by the Authority in respect of the responsibility and obligations of the State sponsoring the activities of the encumbered individuals and entities in the Area, at the request of the Board of Governors of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea on 1 February 2011 and in accordance with article 9 of the Convention;", "Notes that the responsibilities entrusted to the Authority under articles I, IV and I, respectively, relate to marine scientific research and the protection of the marine environment;", "Effective functioning of the Authority and the Court of the Law of the Sea", "Calls upon all States parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions in full to the Authority and the Tribunal on the Law of the Sea, and calls upon those States parties in arrears to fulfil their obligations without delay;", "Urges all States parties to the Convention to attend the sessions of the Authority and calls upon the Authority to continue to study all options, including by making specific recommendations on the issue of dates, in order to increase the attendance rate of the Kingston Conference and to ensure global participation;", "Calls upon States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Tribunal. 24] States considering ratifying or acceding to these instruments [25] of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the Authority;", "Emphasizes the importance of the Rules and Staff Regulations of the Tribunal relating to the recruitment of staff in the Professional and higher categories with regional representation, and welcomes the actions taken by the Tribunal to comply with these rules and regulations;", "Notes with appreciation that on 1 February 2011, the Chamber of Seabed Disputes of the Tribunal of the Law of the Sea, at the request of the Board of Governors of the Authority, issued advice on the responsible and obligations of the State sponsoring individuals and entities for activities in the Area, in accordance with article 9 of the Convention;", "Continental Shelf and work of the Commission", "Recalls that, in accordance with article 76, paragraph 8, of the Convention, coastal States shall submit to the Commission established in accordance with annex II, on the basis of equitable geographical representation, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline of the breadth of the territorial sea, the Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters relating to the delimitation of the outer limits of the continental shelf and that the limits of the continental shelf shall be final and binding on the basis of those recommendations;", "Also recalls that, in accordance with article 77, paragraph 3, of the Convention, the rights of coastal States vis-à-vis the continental shelf do not depend on the effective occupation or the symbolic occupation or any express declaration;", "Notes with satisfaction that many States parties to the Convention have submitted to the Committee information on the delimitation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in accordance with article 76 of the Convention and article IV of annex II to the Convention, taking into account the decisions of the Eleventh Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, as contained in paragraph (a) of document SPLOS/72;", "Also notes with satisfaction that many States parties to the Convention submit to the Secretary-General initial information indicating the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in accordance with the decisions of the Eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, information on the preparation of the submission in accordance with article 76 of the Convention and on the date of submission of the Commission's Rules of Procedure and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines;", "Further notes with satisfaction the progress made in the work of the Commission, [27] and the Commission is considering a number of submissions made on the delimitation of outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles;", "Notes with satisfaction that the Committee, taking into account the decisions of the Eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, has compiled a list of the organizations, data/information portals and data holders, which provide general information and available public scientific and technical data that may be relevant to the preparation of submissions, and that the Committee also provides this information on its website [29];", "Takes note of the recommendations made by the Commission on the submission of a number of coastal States and welcomes the publication of the summary of recommendations;10", "Notes that the Committee's consideration of submissions submitted by coastal States pursuant to article 76 and annex II to the Convention does not preclude the application of other parts of the Convention by States parties;", "Notes with concern the heavy workload of the Commission as a result of the high number of submissions, which brings additional requirements and challenges to the members of the Commission and the secretariats of the Shanghai Law Division, and stresses in this regard the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions promptly, effectively and effectively and that it maintains high-quality and professional levels;", "Takes note of the decision of the twenty-first Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the workload of the Committee, of which 12, inter alia, requests the Committee to consider coordinating with the Secretariat, from 16 June 2012, within the resources available to the Secretariat, that the Committee and its subcommittees meet to the extent possible in New York for a period not exceeding 26 weeks, but not less than 21 weeks per year in the first five-year period, in order to consider the most effective manner in which it is distributed and cannot hold two consecutive meetings;", "Welcomes the decision of the twenty-first Conference of the States Parties to the Convention to consider, at its twenty-sixth session, the measures proposed in paragraph 1 of that decision in order to assess the progress achieved in reducing the expected time for the Commission to complete its work;", "Reaffirms once again the responsibility of States parties that have expert representation in the Commission to assume the costs of experts nominated by them in the performance of their duties under the Convention, and urges them to make every effort to ensure the full participation of experts in the work of the Committee, including at the meetings of the Subcommittee;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate measures, within existing overall resource limitations, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division as the secretariat of the Commission, in particular with regard to human resources, in order to ensure greater support and assistance to the Commission and its subcommittees to consider the submission, as requested in paragraph 9 of annex III to the Committee's Rules of Procedure, taking into account the need for parallel work on a number of submissions;", "Urges the Secretary-General to continue to provide the Committee with all necessary secretariat services, in accordance with article 2, paragraph 5, of annex II to the Convention;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate and timely measures to ensure that secretariat services are provided to the Committee and its subcommittees during the long period required by the decisions of the twenty-first Conference of the States Parties to the Convention;12", "Also requests the Secretary-General to allocate adequate and adequate resources to the Division of Sea Law to provide the Committee with adequate services and assistance required as a result of the increase in the number of weeks of work, including the establishment of additional posts to strengthen the geographic information system, legal and administrative support provided by the Division to the Committee;", "Expresses its appreciation to the voluntary trust fund established by resolution 55/7 to assist in the preparation of submissions to the Commission and the voluntary trust fund established by that resolution to cover the costs of the participation of members of developing countries in the meetings of the Committee, and encourages States to make additional contributions to those funds;", "Endorses the convening by the Secretary-General of the twenty-ninth and thirty-first sessions of the Commission, held in New York from 19 March to 27 April and from 30 July to 10 August 2012, respectively, for the plenary parts of the two sessions [30] and for any resumed twenty-ninth and thirty-first sessions, at the request of the Commission, of a full set of conference services, including documentation, and requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to meet those requirements within the overall resources available, on the understanding that the following paragraph of the twenty-ninth session will be used to review the technical aspects of the submission at the laboratory and other facilities of the Division: 19 March-5 April 2012 and 23-27 April 2012;", "Convinced of the importance of the work of the Commission in accordance with the Convention, including the participation of coastal States in activities related to their submission, and recognizing the need for continuous and active exchanges between coastal States and the Commission;", "Expresses its appreciation to States for their exchange of views in order to further understand the problems arising from the application of article 76 of the Convention, including the expenditures incurred, thus facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission by States, in particular developing countries, and encourages States to continue their exchange of views;", "Notes that a number of submissions have yet to be addressed by the Commission, and in this regard stresses the urgent need for States parties to the Convention to take prompt and appropriate steps to enable the Commission to consider further submissions in a timely, effective and effective manner;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with Member States, to continue to support seminars or symposiums on science and technology issues relating to the delimitation of outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, taking into account the need to strengthen the capacity-building of developing countries in the preparation of submissions, and notes the workshop held by the Government of Angola in Luanda from 16 to 20 May 2011;", "Implementation of maritime safety and security and flagship", "Encourages States to ratify or accede to international agreements on safety and security of navigation and maritime labour and to take the necessary measures consistent with the Convention and other relevant international instruments to implement and implement the rules contained in those agreements, and stresses the need to promote capacity-building in developing countries and to provide assistance to developing countries;", "Recognizes that the legal regime relating to maritime safety and security may be mutually reinforcing and interrelated and benefit from collaboration, and encourages States to take this into account in their implementation;", "Stresses the importance of further efforts to promote a culture of safety and security in the shipping industry and to address the shortage of trained personnel, and urges the establishment of additional centres to provide the required education and training;", "Also emphasizes that safety and security measures should be taken to minimize adverse impacts on seafarers and fishermen, in particular on their working conditions;", "Takes note of the International Convention on the Training, Documentation and Benchmarks of Seafarers, 1978 31] and the 2010 amendments to the Rules of Training, Proclamation and Binding of Seafarers (also referred to as “Miniora Amendment”), [32] invite States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the above-mentioned Convention and the 1995 International Convention on the Training, Documentation and Benchmarks to ratify or ratify the two conventions;", "Invites States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the International Labour Organization Maritime Labour Convention of 2006, the 2007 Convention on Fishing (No. 188) and the 2003 Convention on Identification of Seafarers (Revised) (No. 185) [33] to ratify or accede to the above-mentioned conventions and to implement them effectively, and stresses the need to provide technical cooperation and assistance to them at their request;", "Welcomes the ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization and the International Labour Organization on the safety of fishermen and fishing vessels, stresses the urgent need to continue its work in this regard, and notes the endorsement by the International Maritime Organization of the Guidelines to assist the authorities in the implementation of part B of the rules on the safety of fishermen and fishing vessels, the voluntary guidelines for the design, construction and equipment of small fishing vessels, and the safety recommendations of the non-board fishing boats and vessels of 12 metres with a short duration, [34] and subsequently transmitted to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization;", "Encourages Parties to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal [35] to cooperate further with the International Maritime Organization in the development of regulations to prevent contamination of ships;", "Encourages States to consider participating in the 2010 Protocol to the Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage Caused by Hazardous and Toxic Substances, 1996; [36]", "Recalls that all actions taken to eliminate threats to maritime security must be consistent with the principles enshrined in international law, including the Charter and the Convention;", "Acknowledges the important role of international cooperation at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels in removing threats to maritime security under international law, including piracy, armed robbery at sea and terrorist acts against shipping, maritime facilities and other maritime rights, and in particular through the establishment of bilateral and multilateral instruments and mechanisms for monitoring, preventing and responding to such threats, the enhancement of information exchange among States in the identification, prevention and suppression of such threats, the prosecution of offenders in cases where appropriate respect for national laws, and recognizes the need for continuous capacity-building to assist them in achieving those goals;", "Takes note of the impact of piracy and all vessels engaged in maritime activities;", "Emphasizes the importance of expeditious reporting of incidents in order to obtain accurate information on the scope of piracy and armed robbery against ships and that vessels subject to armed robbery must report to coastal States, stresses the importance of exchanging information effectively with States that may be affected by piracy and armed robbery, and notes the important role of the International Maritime Organization;", "Urges States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to actively combat piracy and armed robbery at sea by, inter alia, assisting in capacity-building, such as training of seafarers, porters and law enforcement personnel, in order to prevent, report and investigate such incidents, bringing alleged perpetrators to justice in accordance with international law; to enact domestic legislation; to provide enforcement vessels and equipment and to prevent false ship registration;", "Encourages States to ensure the effective implementation of international law applicable to the fight against piracy, and calls upon States, in accordance with their national legislation, to take appropriate steps to assist in the arrest and prosecution of persons accused of acts of piracy, including financing and assisting such acts, and to take into account other relevant instruments consistent with the Convention;", "Expresses grave concern at the threat posed by piracy and armed robbery at sea to the safety and well-being of seafarers and others;", "Invites States, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and other relevant international organizations and institutions, as appropriate, to take or recommend measures to protect the interests and benefits of seafarers and fishermen exposed to piracy, including their ex post facto care and reintegration into society;", "Takes note of the ongoing cooperation of the International Maritime Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Division of Sea Law in compiling national legislation on piracy, and notes that the text of domestic legislation received by the Secretariat has been posted on the website of the Sea Law Division;10", "Encourages the Asian region to continue to combat piracy in accordance with international law, including funding and assistance for piracy and armed robbery at sea, through national, bilateral and trilateral initiatives, as well as regional cooperation mechanisms, and calls upon other States to pay their immediate attention to combating piracy and armed robbery against ships, through, inter alia, the adoption, conclusion and implementation of cooperation agreements at the regional level;", "Reiterates its grave concern at the continuing occurrence of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, in particular at the alarming abductions of vessels, in support of recent efforts at the global and regional levels to address this issue, and notes the adoption by the Security Council of its resolutions 1816 (2008) of 2 June 2008, 1838 (2008) of 7 October 2008, 1846 (2008) of 2 December 2008, 1851 (2008) of 16 December 2008, 1897 (2009) of 30 November 2009, 1818 (2010) of 27 April 2010, and taking note of the mandate of the Security Council in accordance with its obligations under resolutions 1874 (2008) of 24 April 2010 and 1874 (2008) of 18 April 2010, and taking into account the provisions of the Convention,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General prepared pursuant to Security Council resolution 1976 (2011) of 15 June 2011; [38]", "Takes note of the continuing efforts of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, following the adoption of resolution 1851 (2008), including the establishment of a Working Group on Finance for Piracy in Somalia under the Contact Group, which focuses on and coordinates the operation of piracy on land, and commends the contributions of States in their efforts to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia;", "Recognizes the primary role played by the Transitional Federal Government in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships, recognizes the importance of addressing the issue of Somalia in a comprehensive and sustainable manner, stresses the need to address the root causes of piracy and to assist Somalia and the countries of the region in strengthening institutional capacity to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia, including financing and assistance for piracy, and armed robbery against ships, and to punish such actors in accordance with the law;", "Takes note of the endorsement by the International Maritime Organization of the Guidelines for Assistance in the Investigation of Acts of Piracy and Armed Robbery of Ships, [39] of the revised provisional guidelines on the use of private contractors by ship operators in high-risk zones, [40] of the revised provisional proposal for the use by flag States of private contractors in high-risk sea zones [39] 41] Interim recommendations on the use of private contractors in high-risk sea zones by ports and coastal States; [42]", "Also notes that the International Maritime Organization issued the best management approach to the prevention of piracy off the coast of Somalia and the Arab Sea, [43], noting the resolution adopted by the International Maritime Organization on 20 May 2011 on guidelines for the implementation of best management practices; [44]", "Recalls the adoption by the International Maritime Organization on 29 January 2009 of the Code of Conduct against Piracy and Armed Robbery of the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden (the Djibouti Code of Conduct), [45] and recalling the establishment of the Multi-Donor Trust Fund initiated by Japan, the Trust Fund for the International Maritime Organization Djibouti Code of Conduct and the ongoing activities to implement the Code of Conduct;", "Urges States to ensure the full implementation of resolution A.1026 (26) adopted by the General Conference of the International Maritime Organization on 2 December 2009 on piracy and armed robbery at sea off Somalia;", "Calls upon States that have not yet acceded to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms of the Continental Shelf [46] to participate in these instruments, notes that the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and the Protocol of 2005 to the 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms of the Continental Shelf entered into force on 28 July 2010, invites States that have not yet done so to take appropriate measures to ensure that those instruments are effectively implemented;", "Calls upon States to effectively implement the International Ship and Port Facility Security Rules and the amendments to the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, [49] and cooperate with the International Maritime Organization to promote safe and secure shipping while ensuring freedom of navigation;", "Takes note of the endorsement by the Maritime Safety Committee of the user guide to chapter XI-2 of the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea and the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Rules; [50]", "Urges States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to take measures to prevent, report and investigate acts of violence against maritime facilities, in accordance with international law, and to implement such measures through national legislation in order to ensure adequate enforcement in order to enhance the protection of maritime facilities;", "Emphasizes the progress of regional cooperation, including efforts by coastal States to enhance the safety, security and environmental protection of the Strait of Man6 and Singapore, as well as the effective functioning of the navigation safety and environmental protection cooperation mechanisms, in order to facilitate dialogue among coastal States, the use of States, the shipping industry and other stakeholders in accordance with article 43 of the Convention, and notes with appreciation the implementation of three activities as key pillars of the cooperation mechanism, * Circulated in accordance with a decision taken by the Committee at its 1st meeting, on 1 October 2009. The fourth Forum of Cooperation, held in Malaysia on 10 and 11 October 2011, the fourth meeting of the Coordinating Committee on Projects held in Malaysia on 12 October 2011 and the seventh meeting of the Committee on the Transport Support Facilities, held in Malaysia on 17 and 18 October 2011, and notes with appreciation the important role played by the Asian Regional Anti-Piracy and Armed Cargo Cooperation Agreement Centre in Singapore; and calls upon States to give immediate attention to the adoption, conclusion and implementation of cooperation agreements at the regional level;", "Acknowledges that certain transnational organized crime activities pose a threat to the legitimate use of the oceans and endanger the safety of maritime personnel;", "Takes note of the diversity of the forms of transnational organized crime activities, which may sometimes be interlinkages, and the vulnerability of States, in particular coastal States and small island developing States, along the way, and calls upon States and relevant intergovernmental organizations to strengthen cooperation and coordination at all levels to identify and combat the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons, in accordance with international law;", "Acknowledges the importance of strengthening international cooperation at all levels in the fight against transnational organized crime, including the illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances listed in the United Nations drug trafficking instruments, and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime]. 51] Theft of migrants, trafficking in persons and criminal activities at sea;", "Calls for the non-participation of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, [52] Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 53] States parties to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [54] consider participating in these Protocols and take appropriate measures to ensure their effective implementation;", "Calls upon States to ensure the freedom of navigation, the safety of navigation and the right to transit, the adoption and adoption of the Islands Sea, in accordance with international law, in particular the provisions of the Convention;", "Welcomes the work of the International Maritime Organization in the protection of strategic importance and significance, in particular in enhancing the security, security and environmental protection of the Strait used for international navigation, and calls upon the International Maritime Organization, the States of the Strait and the users to continue to cooperate in maintaining the safety of these Straits in accordance with international law, in particular the provisions of the Convention, and to protect the environment and open international navigation;", "Calls upon States that use the international navigation Strait and coastal States of those Straits to continue to cooperate through agreements on navigation safety, including navigational safety support equipment, and the prevention, reduction and control of ship pollution matters, and welcomes developments in this regard;", "Calls upon States that have accepted amendments No. XI-1/6 of the 1974 International Convention on the Safety of Life of Seas [55] to implement the Code of International Standards and Recommended Practices for the Safety of Sea or Maritime Event, [56] which entered into force on 1 January 2010;", "Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the International Hydrographic Organization, and urges States to work with the organization to increase the coverage of watercourses at the global level in order to strengthen capacity-building and technical assistance to promote safety of navigation, in particular through the production and use of accurate electronic navigation maps, in particular in the areas of international navigation, ports and in the areas of vulnerable marine areas or protected marine areas;", "Encourages States to continue their efforts to implement all aspects of the Action Plan on the Safety of Radioactive Materials, endorsed by the IAEA Board in March 2004 [57];", "Further notes that the cessation of the transport of radioactive substances through the regions of small island developing States is the ultimate goal of the desire of small island developing States and some other States, recognizes the right to freedom of navigation under international law, and that States should continue dialogue and consultations, in particular under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Maritime Organization, with a view to enhancing mutual understanding, confidence-building, and communication; urges States involved in the transport of such substances to continue their dialogue with small island developing States and other States to address their concerns; these concerns include the further establishment and strengthening of international regulatory regimes to strengthen such transport security, disclosure, security and reparation;", "Acknowledges that maritime incidents and accidents, in particular those involving the transport of radioactive substances, may have environmental and economic impacts on coastal States, in accordance with paragraph 113 above, and stresses the importance of an effective liability regime in this regard;", "Encourages States to develop plans and establish procedures for the implementation of the International Maritime Organization guidelines for the provision of shelters for vessels in need, adopted on 5 December 2003; [58]", "Invites States that have not yet done so to consider participating in the Convention [59] of the 2007 International Convention on the Elimination of the Death of Ships;", "Invites States to take appropriate measures against vessels flying their flag or registered in their countries to eliminate the harm that the vessel and the buoyage or silence may pose to navigation or the marine environment;", "Calls upon States to ensure that vessels flying their flag take the measures required by the relevant instruments [60] to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea, and urges States to cooperate and take all necessary measures to ensure the effective implementation of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue and the amendments to the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea concerning the transfer of persons rescued by sea to security sites [61] homes,] [62] and the associated Guidelines for the Treatment of Persons at Sea [63];", "Acknowledges the need for all States to perform search and rescue responsibilities, and the current need for the International Maritime Organization and other relevant organizations to assist States, in particular developing countries, in strengthening their search and rescue capacities, including through the establishment of additional rescue coordination centres and regional centres, while taking effective action to address, to the extent possible, the issue of vessels and small vessels within their national jurisdiction;", "Welcomes the work being undertaken by the International Maritime Organization on the shores of persons rescued by sea, and in this regard takes note of the need to implement all relevant international instruments;", "Takes note of the adoption by the International Maritime Organization on 2 December 2010 of the revised guidelines for the prevention of the entry into and search for successful solutions to the distribution of responsibilities for theft cases; [64]", "Calls upon States to continue to cooperate in addressing international migration and development issues in an integrated manner, including through dialogue on all aspects of their concern;", "Also calls upon States to take measures to protect submarine fibre-optic cables, in accordance with international law as set out in the Convention, to deal fully with issues related to those cables;", "Encourages States to strengthen dialogue and cooperation with relevant regional and international organizations to promote the security of such vital communications infrastructure through seminars and symposiums on the protection and maintenance of submarine fibre-optic cables;", "Also encourages States, in accordance with international law embodied in the Convention, to adopt laws and regulations providing for the intentional or damage to submarine cables or cables of the high seas by vessels flying the flag or by persons subject to their jurisdiction owing to gross negligence;", "Affirms the importance of maintaining submarine cables, including repairs, in accordance with international law embodied in the Convention;", "Reaffirms the responsibility of flag States, ports and coastal States to ensure the effective implementation and implementation of international instruments relating to maritime safety and security, in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention, and reiterates the primary responsibility of flag States, which need to be further strengthened, including by enhancing transparency in the ownership of ships;", "Urges flag States that have not established effective maritime administrations and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or strengthen the necessary infrastructure and legislative and enforcement capacities to ensure effective compliance, implementation and implementation of the responsibilities set forth in international law, in particular the Convention, and to consider not authorizing new vessels to flag their flags, cease the registration of vessels or open the registry, and calls upon flag States and port States to take all necessary measures in conformity with international law to prevent the operation of vessels that do not meet the standards;", "Acknowledges that, as a result of the best practices adopted by the International Maritime Organization concerning international shipping rules and standards relating to maritime safety, navigation efficiency and the prevention and treatment of marine pollution, as well as the shipping industry, maritime accidents and pollution have been significantly reduced, encouraging all States to participate in the voluntary audit system of States members of the International Maritime Organization, [65] and taking note of the decisions of the International Maritime Organization on the phasing-out of the audit system as an institutionalized process; [66]", "Welcomes the efforts of the International Maritime Organization to establish a mandatory code of conduct for vessels operating in extreme waters (“the extreme code”), and encourages States and competent international organizations and institutions to support efforts to finalize, within the agreed framework, the development of a “large code” to bring it into force as soon as possible;", "Acknowledges that regional arrangements, enhanced coordination and cooperation, and increased information exchange, including in the security and safety sectors, can also be strengthened through effective regulation by port States;", "Encourages flag States to take adequate measures to obtain or maintain recognition of relevant intergovernmental arrangements for the recognition of the good performance of flag States, including, where appropriate, the continuous maintenance of satisfactory port State regulatory inspections, with a view to improving the quality of shipping, promoting the implementation of relevant instruments of the International Maritime Organization and achieving the relevant purposes and objectives of the present resolution;", "Marine environment and marine resources", "Stresses once again the importance of implementing part XII of the Convention in order to protect and conserve the marine environment and its marine biological resources, to prevent pollution and actual degradation, and calls upon all States to adopt measures consistent with the Convention, directly or through competent international organizations, to protect and conserve the marine environment;", "Takes note of the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, including its conclusions on marine acidification, and, to that end, encourages States and competent international organizations and other relevant bodies to undertake, in a swift manner, further studies on marine acidification, in particular the implementation of observation and measurement programmes, noting in particular paragraph 4 of decision IX/20 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth session, held in Bonn, Germany, from 19 to 30 May 2008, [67] and the continuing work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and to intensify their efforts at the national, regional and international levels to reduce the extent of marine acidification and reduce the adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, in particular coral reefs;", "Encourages States, individually or in collaboration with relevant international organizations and institutions, to strengthen scientific activities, to better understand the impact of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity and to develop ways and means of adaptation, taking into account, where appropriate, prudent approaches and ecosystem approaches;", "Encourages States that have not yet done so to participate in international agreements relating to the protection and conservation of the marine environment and its marine biological resources, the prevention of the introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, the prevention of marine pollution and other forms of physical degradation caused by various sources, including dumping of waste and other substances, and agreements for the preparedness, response and cooperation in dealing with pollution incidents and the provision of liability and compensation for damage to marine pollution, and to take all necessary measures consistent with international law, including the Convention, to implement and implement the rules contained in those agreements;", "Encourages States, directly or through relevant international organizations, to consider, where appropriate, activities that may be carried out within their jurisdiction or control, in accordance with international law, including the Convention, to further develop and apply environmental impact assessment procedures, and encourages reporting such assessment findings to competent international organizations in accordance with the Convention;", "Encourages States that have not yet done so to participate in regional seas conventions relating to the protection and conservation of the marine environment;", "Encourages States, in accordance with international law, including the Convention and other relevant instruments, to develop and implement contingency plans, on a bilateral or regional basis, to address pollution incidents and other incidents that may have a significant adverse impact on the marine environment and biodiversity;", "Acknowledges the importance of further understanding of the impact of climate change on the oceans;", "Welcomes the activities carried out by the United Nations Environment Programme in cooperation with relevant United Nations agencies and organizations on marine waste, notes the Fifth International Conference on Marine Waste held by the United States of America and the United Nations Environment Programme in Hono, United States of America, from 20 to 25 March 2011, and encourages States to further develop partnerships with industry and civil society to promote awareness of the health and productivity of marine wastes and the economic losses caused by their economic losses;", "Urges States to integrate the issue of marine wastes into national waste management strategies in coastal areas, ports and maritime industries, including recycling, reuse, reduction and disposal, and encourages the development of appropriate economic incentives to address this issue, including the establishment of a recovery cost system, incentives for the use of port recovery facilities, support measures, such as community-based coastal and watercourse clean-up and monitoring activities, to prevent, reduce and control pollution from any source, including land-based sources, and encourages States to cooperate in regional and subregional efforts to identify potential sources and marine merging sites and implement joint marine waste prevention programmes;", "Takes note of the work of the International Maritime Organization to prevent pollution of ship garbage, and welcomes the adoption of an amendment to Annex V to the 1973 Convention on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships, as amended by the 1978 Protocol, on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships; [68]", "Welcomes the entry into force on 1 August 2011 of an amendment to annex I to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships of 1973, as amended by the 1978 Protocol, on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships, on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships, which deals with special requirements for the use or transport of oil in the Antarctic area, prohibiting heavy oil residues in the Antarctic area or using heavy oil as fuel transport and use; [69]", "Encourages States that have not yet done so to participate in the 1997 Protocol to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as amended by the 1978 Protocol (annex VI - the Regulations on the Prevention of Air Pollution of Ships) and the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Ships and Other Materials of 1972 (London Protocol) and to ratify or ratify the 2004 International Convention on the Control and Management of Shipwater and sediments, [70] in order to facilitate the early entry into force of the Convention;", "Takes note of the work being carried out by the International Maritime Organization in accordance with resolution [71] on the practices and practices of the International Maritime Organization in reducing greenhouse gas emissions;", "Urges States to cooperate in addressing the problem of inadequate rehabilitation facilities at ports, in accordance with the action plan developed by the International Maritime Organization, [72];", "Acknowledges that most of the marine pollutant is from land-based activities that affect the most rich waters of the marine environment, and calls upon States to give priority to the implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, [73] to take all appropriate measures to fulfil the commitments made by the international community in the Beijing Declaration on the Promotion of the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action [74];", "Takes note that the Third Intergovernmental Review Conference on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities will be held in Manila on 25 and 26 January 2012;", "Expresses concern at the continuing expansion of the area of marine intoxicity resulting from the nutrientization of fertilization into rivers, sewerage emissions and fossil fuel combustion, with grave consequences for the operation of ecosystems, and calls upon States to make further efforts to reduce the nutritization of nutrients and to continue their cooperation within the framework of relevant international organizations, in particular within the framework of the Global Programme of Action;", "Calls upon all States to ensure that urban and coastal development projects and related construction activities are carried out in a responsible manner to protect marine habitats and the environment and to reduce their harmful consequences;", "Takes note of the second and third sessions of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, held in New York from 24 to 28 January 2011, respectively, in accordance with the agreement of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme/Global Ministerial Environment Forum at its twenty-fifth session; [75]", "Welcomes the continuing efforts of States, the United Nations Environment Programme and regional organizations to implement the Global Programme of Action and encourages the indicators set out in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Action)14, in particular indicators on sanitation, as well as the indicators on the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development [The Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development]. 76] In order to give greater attention to the links between freshwater, coastal areas and marine resources;", "Recalling the 1972 Convention on the Control of Marine Pornography, held from 27 to 31 October 2008, and the resolutions of the Third Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, [77] In which Parties agreed, inter alia, that the scope of the London Convention and the London Protocol covered marine fertilizer activities, and that, in addition to the current knowledge, marine fertilizer activities should not be permitted, in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 1, of the London Convention and the London Protocol, the preparation of proposals for exemptions for scientific research and assessment of such activities shall be carried out in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol;", "Also recalls the resolutions of the Thirty-second Consultative Meeting of the Parties to the London Convention, held from 11 to 15 October 2010, and the resolution of the Fifth Conference of the Parties to the London Protocol on the assessment framework for scientific research on marine fertility; [78]", "Recalling further decision IX/16C adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth session, in which the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, requested Parties, bearing in mind the scientific and legal analysis conducted under the auspices of the London Convention and the London Protocol, and urged other Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, to ensure that sufficient scientific basis, including an assessment of the risks involved, would justify the conduct of ocean fertilizer activities and the establishment of a transparent and effective global control and regulatory mechanism, in addition to small-scale scientific studies in coastal waters, and noted that scientific studies should be used only for the purpose of collecting such data and taking into account the need for the full consideration at its tenth session,", "Reaffirms paragraph 119 of resolution 61/222 of 20 December 2006, which addresses ecosystem approaches and ocean issues, including the proposed elements of ecosystem approaches, the means to achieve the application of ecosystem approaches and the requirement for better use of ecosystem approaches, and to this end:", "(a) Notes the increasing environmental degradation and competing demands in many parts of the world and the need for rapid response to identify the focus of management actions to maintain ecosystem integrity;", "(b) Notes that the management of the oceans through ecosystem approaches should focus on the management of human activities in order to preserve and restore, where necessary, the health of ecosystems so that ecosystems can continuously provide goods and environmental facilities, provide social and economic benefits to secure food supply and sustain livelihoods in support of international development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and protect marine biodiversity;", "(c) Recalling that States should follow a range of existing instruments in the application of ecosystem approaches, in particular the Convention and its implementation agreements and other commitments, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity [the Convention on Biological Diversity], which sets out the legal framework for all maritime activities. 80] Commitments in the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the call by the World Summit on Sustainable Development for the use of ecosystem approaches by 2010, and in this regard encourages States to increase their efforts to use this approach;", "(d) Encourage cooperation and coordination among States, in accordance with international law, including the Convention and other applicable instruments, to carry out independent or joint actions, as appropriate, to take all measures to eliminate the impact of marine ecosystems outside the national jurisdiction, taking into account the integrity of the relevant ecosystems;", "Encourages the competent organizations and bodies that have not yet done so to eliminate the impact of marine ecosystems, as appropriate, by including ecosystem approaches in their respective mandates;", "Invites States, in particular those with advanced technical and marine capacities, to explore possibilities for improving cooperation and assistance with developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, and African coastal States, in order to better integrate sustainable and effective development in the marine sector into national policies and programmes;", "Encourages competent international organizations, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and other funding agencies to consider expanding their programmes in the field of assistance to developing countries and to coordinate their work, including in the allocation and use of GEF funding;", "Takes note of the information provided by the Secretariat, by States, competent international organizations, global and regional funding institutions, on the assistance provided to developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States and African coastal States, on the measures they may take to achieve the sustainable and effective development of marine resources and the use of the benefits of the oceans; and urges them to provide information for the preparation of the annual report of the Secretary-General and the inclusion of the website of the Sea Law Division;10", "Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Hong Kong Convention on International Security and the Environmentally Sound-Electronment of Ships in 2009 to facilitate their early entry into force; [82]", "Takes note of the role of the Basel Convention in protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects that such wastes may cause;", "Notes with concern that oil spills may result in serious environmental consequences, and urges States, in accordance with international law, to cooperate directly or through competent international organizations and to share best practices in the protection, human health and safety, prevention, response and mitigation of the marine environment, and encourages scientific research, including marine scientific research, in order to better understand the consequences of the leaks;", "Marine biodiversity", "Reaffirms the crucial role of the General Assembly in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, notes the work undertaken by States and relevant intergovernmental organizations and institutions on these issues, and invites them to assist the General Assembly in its consideration of these issues in their respective areas of competence;", "Welcomes the meeting of the Open-ended informal Ad Hoc Working Group, held in New York from 31 May to 3 June 2011, in accordance with paragraph 163 of resolution 65/37A, and endorses its recommendations;3", "Decides, therefore, that the process set out in paragraph 1 (a) of the recommendations of the Open-ended Informal AWG-LCA, paragraph 1 (b), will address the issues set out in paragraph 1 (b) of the recommendations, which will be followed by the same paragraph and, as indicated in paragraph 1 (c) of the recommendation, will: (i) be initiated in the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group; and (ii) take the form of intersessional workshops;", "Accordingly, in accordance with paragraph 73 of resolution 59/24 of 17 November 2004, the Secretary-General was requested to convene an open-ended informal ad hoc working group meeting, in accordance with paragraph 167 of the present resolution and paragraphs 79 and 80 of resolution 60/30 of 29 November 2005, and, in that regard, to convene an informal open-ended working group meeting with full conference services from 7 to 11 May 2012, to make recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, and requested the Secretary-General to make every effort, within existing resources, to meet the requirements for conference services;", "Acknowledges the diversity of marine genetic resources and the valuable value of providing benefits, goods and services;", "Also recognizes the importance of research on marine genetic resources for enhancing the management of marine ecosystems by promoting scientific awareness, potential use and application of marine ecosystems;", "Encourages States and international organizations, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and partnerships, to continue to support, promote and strengthen national capacity-building activities in the field of marine scientific research, in a sustainable and integrated manner, taking into account, inter alia, the need for enhanced classification capacities;", "Takes note of the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity [the Jakarta Mandate] 83] and the work undertaken by the Convention on Biological Diversity in relation to marine and coastal biodiversity workplans [84], while reaffirming once again the crucial role of the General Assembly in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, and taking note of the work of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity;", "Reaffirms the need for States, individually or through competent international organizations, to consider promptly how to better address the risks of marine biodiversity such as seabed mountains, cold water corals, hydrothermal sprays and a number of other surfaces, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and the relevant agreements and instruments;", "Calls upon States and international organizations to take immediate and further action to put an end to destructive practices that adversely affect marine ecosystems and ecosystems, including seabed mountains, hydrothermal and refrigeration coral;", "Calls upon States to strengthen the conservation and management of marine biodiversity and ecosystems in a manner consistent with international law, in particular the Convention, and to strengthen national policies relating to marine protected areas;", "Reaffirms the need for States to continue and make further efforts, directly and through competent international organizations, to develop and assist in the use of multiple approaches and instruments for the conservation and management of vulnerable marine ecosystems, including the consideration of the establishment of marine protected areas in accordance with international law under the Convention and in accordance with existing scientific information, and to establish a representative network of marine protected areas by 2012;", "Notes that States, relevant intergovernmental organizations and institutions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, develop and assist in the use of a variety of approaches and instruments, in line with the World Summit on Sustainable Development, such as ecosystem approaches and the establishment of marine protected areas in accordance with international law and scientific information, including through the establishment of representative networks by 2012 to assess scientific information on protected marine areas and to compile work to identify ecological standards in such marine areas;14", "Encourages States to make further progress towards the goal of establishing marine protected areas, including representative networks, in 2012, and calls upon States to further consider options for identifying and protecting regions of great ecological or biological significance in accordance with international law and based on available best scientific information;", "Recalls the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth session of the Scientific Guidelines for the Ecological and Biocritical Maritime Areas for the Identification of Marine Watercourses and Marine habitats and the “Secological Guidelines for the selection of areas for the establishment of representative protected areas networks, including high seas and deep habitats”, [85] further recalls that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has developed guidelines for the identification of vulnerable marine ecosystems through the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep Fishing on the High Sea [86];", "Acknowledges the Challenge of Micronesia, the Eastern Pacific Tropical Seas Project, the Caribbean Challenge and the coral Delta initiative, in particular seeking to establish and link national marine protected areas to better promote ecosystem approaches and reiterates the need for further international cooperation, coordination and collaboration in support of the above initiatives;", "Reaffirms its support for the International Coral Reef Initiative, takes note of the International Coral Reef Initiative Conference held in San Suyion, from 12 to 15 December 2011, and supports the work carried out in accordance with the Jakarta mandate on marine and coastal biodiversity and the detailed workplan on marine and coastal biodiversity related to coral reefs;", "Encourages States and relevant international bodies to intensify their efforts to deal with coral bleaching, inter alia, by improving monitoring to predict and detect bleaching, supporting and strengthening actions taken in the event of such phenomena, by improving coral reef management strategies to enhance the natural resilience of coral reefs, and by enhancing their resilience to other pressures, including marine acidization;", "Encourages States to cooperate directly or through competent international bodies to exchange information in the event of accidents affecting coral reefs on ships and to promote the development of economic assessment technologies related to the rehabilitation and non-use of coral reef systems;", "Stresses the importance of integrating sustainable management of coral reefs and integrated watershed management into national development strategies and integrating relevant United Nations agencies and programmes, international financial institutions and donor community activities;", "Takes note of the potential threat posed by ocean noise to marine biological resources, and affirms the importance of sound scientific research to deal with this matter, encourages further research into and consider the impact of ocean noise on marine resources, and requests the Division to continue to compile the reports of scientific surveys submitted by Member States and intergovernmental organizations pursuant to paragraph 107 of resolution 61/222 to the Division of Sea Law, peer-reviewed scientific investigations and, where appropriate, the publication of those reports and their references and links on its website;", "Ocean science", "Calls upon States to continue their efforts, in accordance with the Convention, to promote understanding and understanding of the scope and vulnerability of the oceans and the deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems, in particular deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems, by enhancing national marine scientific research activities;", "Encourages relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the Endowment Fund of the International Seabed Authority in order to promote collaborative marine scientific research in the international seabed region by supporting the participation of qualified scientists and technicians in developing countries in relevant programmes, initiatives and activities;", "Invites all relevant organizations, funds, programmes and agencies of the United Nations system, in consultation with the countries concerned, to coordinate activities, as appropriate, with the Regional Centre for Oceans and Technology and the national marine science and technology centres of small island developing States, in order to ensure that their objectives are effectively achieved in accordance with relevant United Nations programmes and strategies for small island developing States;", "Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, through the Advisory Committee of Experts on the Law of the Sea, in developing the implementation procedures for parts XIII and XIV of the Convention, and notes the ongoing review of expert advisory bodies by an open-ended working group with representatives from Member States;", "Notes with appreciation the work undertaken by the expert advisory bodies on the practice of member States to conduct marine scientific research and transfer of marine technology within the framework of the Convention, including the work carried out in cooperation with the Maritime Law Division;", "Also notes with appreciation the revised publication entitled “Criminal scientific research: Guide for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”, which was published in December 2010, [87] requests the Secretariat to make efforts to publish the Guide in all official languages of the United Nations;", "Takes note of the contribution of the marine biology census to marine biodiversity research, including its report entitled “The first marine biological survey for 2010: points identified in the decade”;", "Emphasizes the importance of promoting scientific understanding of the ocean-at-at-at-atmospheric interfaces, including through participation in marine observation programmes and geographic information systems initiated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Scientific Council, in particular the role they play in monitoring and forecasting climate change and climate variability and in establishing and managing tsunami early warning systems;", "Notes with appreciation the progress made by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Member States in establishing regional and national tsunami early warning and mitigation systems, and welcomes the continued cooperation of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations, and encourages Member States to establish and maintain national early warning and mitigation systems within the context of global action to address multiple marine-related hazards, to reduce loss of life and national economies, and to strengthen the resilience of coastal communities to recover after natural disasters;", "Emphasizes the importance of sustained efforts to develop disaster preparedness measures to respond to natural disasters, in particular in view of the tsunamis triggered by earthquakes, such as Japan's 11 March 2011;", "Takes note of the report of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization of 2011 entitled “Question of damage to sea data buoys: occurrence, impact and response”; [88]", "Urges States to take the necessary action to cooperate within the relevant organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to address the damage to buoys of marine data established and operated in accordance with international law, including through education and awareness-raising campaigns on the importance and purpose of these buoys, to strengthen protection against damage and to increase reports on damage;", "Global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects", "Reaffirms once again the need for regular scientific assessments of the state of the marine environment to enhance the scientific basis for policy formulation;", "Welcomes the meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Global Report on the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects, and the assessment of the regular process, held in New York from 14 to 18 February 2011 in accordance with paragraph 7 of resolution 65/37 B;", "Endorses the recommendations adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its second meeting;6", "Reaffirms the guiding principles for the regular process agreed upon at the first meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in 2009 and the objectives and scope of its first cycle (2010-2014); [89]", "Workshop guidelines for the appointment of experts and assistance to the regular process 6", "Takes note of the draft terms of reference and working methods of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Global Report on the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects, and of the report on the exchange of information on the regular process and on data and information management, the report on the preliminary list of assessment capacity-building and workshop expert types;6", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring to the attention of Member States, as well as the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations, other relevant intergovernmental organizations involved in the assessment of capacity-building activities in the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects, and invites the heads of funding agencies to provide information on existing opportunities and arrangements for the assessment of capacity-building in the preliminary list;", "Welcomes the establishment by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the Bureau to implement the decisions and guidance of the Working Group during the intersessional period, such as approval of draft drafting or review by members of the expert pool and approval of peer evaluation arrangements proposed by the Group of Experts;", "Decides that the Bureau shall be composed of 15 Member States (three of each regional group) and that the Bureau shall exercise its functions at least one Co-Chairs and five Member States (one of each regional group);", "Recommends that workshops be held as early as possible to provide information on the first cycle of the regular process, and welcomes the fact that the first workshop was held in Santiago from 13 to 15 September 2011, notes its report, [90] invites other countries to host such workshops, and in this regard notes with appreciation China's intention to host a workshop for countries in East and South-East Asia at the end of February 2012, and Belgium indicated that a workshop on the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea would be held in March 2012;", "Requests the Secretary-General to convene a third meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole from 23 to 27 April 2012 in order to initiate the first cycle of the first global integrated assessment and to make recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Takes note of the efforts made by States to finalize the draft possible framework for the first global integrated assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects,6 which will be further considered by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its next meeting;", "Recalls that the regular process established by the United Nations should be accountable to the General Assembly as an intergovernmental process governed by international law, including the Convention and other applicable international instruments, and taking into account the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "Emphasizes that the first cycle of the regular process has begun and that the deadline for the first comprehensive assessment is 2014;", "Takes note that the first cycle (2010-2012) will be used to prepare key issues that need to be answered through the first integrated assessment at the regional level in order to ensure effective science-policy relations and to ensure that all relevant stakeholders, in particular at the local level, are involved in defining the specific objectives and scope of the assessment;", "Invites the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Maritime Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as appropriate, to invite other competent specialized agencies of the United Nations to continue to provide technical and scientific support to the regular process;", "Requests the secretariat of the regular process to convene at least one expert group meeting, as appropriate, before the next meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole;", "Notes with appreciation the support provided by the Division to the regular process and notes with appreciation the technical and logistical support provided by the United Nations Environment Programme and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take swift and appropriate measures to mobilize all available extrabudgetary resources and existing resources, including the mobilization of staff, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division of Sea Law as the secretariat of the regular process, in particular its human resources, including in the context of the programme budget and the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2012-2013;", "Notes with appreciation the voluntary trust fund contributions to support the operation of the first five-year cycle of the regular process, expresses grave concern at the limited resources available to it, and urges Member States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and legal persons to contribute to the funds established in paragraph 183 of resolution 6471 and to make other contributions to the regular process;", "Regional cooperation", "Notes that a number of regional actions have been taken to further implement the Convention, and, in this regard, takes note of the focus on assistance to the Caribbean Fund, which aims to promote voluntary maritime delimitation negotiations, mainly through technical assistance, and notes once again the Peace Fund for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes in the Territories established by the Organization of American States in 2000, which is a major mechanism for preventing and resolving outstanding territorial, land borders and maritime boundary disputes, and calls upon States and others in a position to do so to contribute to those funds;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts at the regional level to promote the implementation of the Convention and to address, through capacity-building, issues relating to marine safety and security, conservation and sustainable use of marine biological resources, protection and conservation of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity;", "Invites States and international organizations to strengthen their cooperation in order to better protect the marine environment and, in this regard, welcomes the memorandum of understanding on cooperation concluded by the Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, the Inter-North Atlantic Fisheries Commission, the International Seabed Authority and the International Maritime Organization;", "Acknowledges the results of the International Year of Hygiene, 2007-2008, with particular emphasis on new knowledge about the links between environmental changes in the polar region and the global climate system, encourages States and the scientific community to enhance cooperation in this regard, and notes that the International Year of Knowledge to Action will be held in Montreal, Canada, from 22 to 27 April 2012;", "Welcomes regional cooperation and, in this regard, notes that the Pacific Ocean landscape framework is an initiative to strengthen cooperation among coastal States in the Pacific region to promote marine conservation and sustainable development;", "Notes with appreciation the various cooperation efforts undertaken at the regional and subregional levels, and in this regard welcomes initiatives such as the integrated assessment and management of large marine ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico;", "Takes note of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Zone of Peace and Cooperation in the South Atlantic;", "Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea", "Welcomes the report on the work of the twelfth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, with a focus on helping to assess progress and gaps that have been made to date in the implementation of the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development, in the context of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, and to address new and emerging challenges;4", "Acknowledges the role played by the Informal Consultative Process as a unique forum in conducting a comprehensive discussion on issues related to oceans and the law of the sea within the framework of the Convention and chapter 17 of Agenda 21, and recognizes that the three pillars of sustainable development should be further taken into account in the review of the selected topics;", "Welcomes the work of the Informal Consultative Process and its contribution to improving coordination and cooperation among States, strengthening the annual debate on oceans and the law of the sea of the General Assembly through effective attention to key issues and current trends, stresses the timeliness of this topic and, in this regard, encourages States to consider measures as an opportunity for the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development to achieve the internationally agreed goals and commitments for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources;", "Also welcomes the efforts made to improve and focus on the work of the informal consultations process, and in this regard, recognizes that the informal consultations process plays a key role in integrating knowledge, multi-stakeholder exchange of views, coordinating and raising awareness of the topics, including emerging issues, while strengthening the three pillars of sustainable development; and recommends that the informal consultations process develop a transparent, objective and inclusive process for the selection of topics and panellists members to assist the General Assembly in its work during the informal consultations on the annual resolutions on oceans and the law of the sea;", "Recalls the need to strengthen and enhance the efficiency of the informal consultations process, and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations and programmes to provide guidance to the Co-Chairs in this regard, in particular prior to and during the preparatory meetings for the Informal Consultative Process;", "Also recalls that, at its sixty-seventh session, the General Assembly will further review the effectiveness and effectiveness of the informal consultations process;", "Requests the Secretary-General to convene the thirteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process in New York from 29 May to 1 June 2012, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of resolution 54/33, and to provide the necessary facilities for the work of the Conference and to arrange, where appropriate, the support of the Division of Sea Law in collaboration with other relevant parts of the Secretariat;", "Expresses its grave concern at the lack of available funding for voluntary trust funds established in resolution 55/7 for the participation of developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries in the informal consultative process, and urges States to make additional contributions to the Trust Fund;", "Decides that, when funding for the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 is paid, the Co-Chairs, in consultation with Governments, shall invite developing country representatives who have made statements at the informal consultations process to be considered as a matter of priority and to receive travel, while those representatives shall also be eligible for daily subsistence allowance if they are to be funded after the payment of the travel of all other eligible representatives of States referred to in paragraph 232 above;", "Recalls its resolution 65/37A, in which it decided that the thirteenth meeting of the informal consultations process would focus on renewable energy in the oceans and seas in its consideration of the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea;", "Coordination and cooperation", "Encourages States to cooperate closely with international organizations, the funds and programmes of the United Nations system, the specialized agencies and relevant international conventions and to identify, through their work, new focus areas for improved coordination and cooperation and the best way to address those issues;", "Encourages the institutions established under the Convention to strengthen coordination and cooperation, as appropriate, in the implementation of their respective mandates;", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of the heads of the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations and the funding institutions involved in activities related to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, and stresses the importance of their timely constructive views on the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea and their participation in relevant meetings and processes;", "Welcomes the work undertaken by the secretariats of relevant United Nations specialized agencies, programmes, funds and agencies and the secretariats of relevant organizations and conventions to strengthen inter-agency coordination and cooperation on ocean issues, including through the work of the United Nations Inter-Agency Coordination Mechanism on Oceans and Coastal Issues within the United Nations system;", "Invites the Joint Inspection Unit to review the United Nations marine network and to submit a report thereon to the General Assembly for its consideration, and requests the United Nations Maritime Network to submit a draft terms of reference for its work to the General Assembly for consideration at its sixty-seventh session, in order to review the mandate of the network, enhance transparency and report on its activities to Member States;", "Encourages the United Nations Maritime Network to continue to provide updated information to Member States on its priorities and initiatives, in particular on the proposed participation in the United Nations marine network;", "Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea", "Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the annual comprehensive report on oceans and the law of the sea, prepared by the Division of Sea Law, and for other activities undertaken by the Division, which indicate that the Division provides high-quality assistance to Member States;", "Notes with satisfaction the third United Nations commemoration of the World Ocean Day, held on 8 June 2011, and commends the efforts of the Sea Law Division to organize this event, invites the Division to continue promoting and assisting international cooperation in the area of the law of the sea and ocean affairs in the future observance of the World Ocean Day and through participation in other activities such as the World Fair held in the Republic of Korea in 2012;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to fulfil his responsibilities under the Convention and relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolutions 49/28 and 52/26, and to ensure that adequate resources are provided in the approved budget of the United Nations for the activities of the Division;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue the publication activities of the Division of Sea Law, in particular the publication of the Law of the Sea: the reference literature selection and the Law of the Sea Bulletin;", "Commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention", "Decides to devote the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea” to the consideration of the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea” at its plenary meeting on 10 and 11 December 2012 at its sixty-seventh session, and to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention, including the special recognition of the key role played by Ambassador Alvid Paardo of Malta, in particular his excellent statement to the General Assembly on 1 November 1967, leading to the adoption of the Convention and encouraging Member States and observers to send the highest possible high-level representatives;", "Invites States parties to the Convention to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention at its twenty-second meeting;", "Welcomes the decision of the International Seabed Authority to convene a special meeting during its eighteenth session to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Convention; [91]", "Requests the Secretary-General to organize the commemorative event, as appropriate, and invites States, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and other relevant bodies to support those activities, as appropriate, in accordance with United Nations practice;", "Sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly", "Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with resolutions 49/28, 52/26 and 54/33, to prepare a report on developments and questions relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including the implementation of the present resolution, for consideration by the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and to submit a report chapter on the topic of discussion at the thirteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process at least six weeks before the informal consultations process;", "Emphasizes that the annual report of the Secretary-General brings together information on the implementation of the Convention and on the work of the United Nations and its specialized agencies and other bodies in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea at the global and regional levels, as a basis for the annual review by the General Assembly, a global body mandated to consider and review developments in ocean affairs and the law of the sea;", "Notes that reports referred to in paragraph 249 above will also be submitted to the State party in accordance with article III of the Convention on general issues arising from the Convention;", "Further notes the wish to further increase the efficiency of the informal consultations of the General Assembly on resolutions on oceans and the law of the sea and the effectiveness of the participation of delegations in the consultations, decides that informal consultations on the resolution should not exceed a total of two weeks, and that the schedule for the consultations would allow the Division to prepare a report referred to in paragraph 249 above, and invites States to submit to the Coordinator, as soon as possible, a text proposal for inclusion in the resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "Annex", "Recommendation 3", "The Open-ended Informal AWG-KP met from 31 May to 3 June 2011 in accordance with paragraph 163 of General Assembly resolution 65/37A of 7 December 2010, and recommended that:", "(a) The General Assembly initiated a process to ensure that the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction effectively addresses these issues, identify gaps and define the way forward, including the implementation of existing instruments and possible development of a multilateral agreement in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea;1", "(b) This process will involve the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, in particular marine genetic resources, beyond national jurisdiction, including the sharing of benefits, and measures such as regional management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessment, capacity-building and transfer of marine technology;", "(c) This process will: (i) be carried out in existing working groups; (ii) take the form of intersessional workshops aimed at enhancing understanding of the various topics, identifying key issues and providing inputs to the work of the Working Group;", "(d) Review and, where appropriate, revise the mandate of the Working Group to carry out the tasks covered by the present recommendation;", "(e) Requests the Secretary-General to convene a working group in 2012 to make progress on all issues examined by the Working Group and to make recommendations to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[2] A/66/70 and Add.1 and 2.", "[3] A/64/219, annex, section I.", "[4] See A/66/186.", "[5] SPLOS/231.", "[6] See A/66/189.", "[7] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I: Resolutions adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.", "[8] See resolution 55/2.", "[9] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1184, No. 18961.", "[10] Available from www.un.org/depts/los/index.htm.", "[11] SPLOS/183.", "[12] SPLOS/229.", "] Available from www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm.", "[14] See Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1836, No. 31364.", "[16] Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924.", "[17] See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October-3 November 2001, vol. I: Resolutions, resolution 24.", "[18] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574.", "[19] See Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, document IOC/INF-1203.", "[20] CLCS/40/Rev.1.", "[21] CLCS/11 and Corr.1 and 2 and Add.1 and Add.1/Corr.2.", "[22] SPLOS/237.", "See ISBA/17/A/9.", "[24] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, No. 37925.", "[25] Ibid., vol. 2214, No. 39357.", "[26] SPLOS/183, paragraph 1 (a).", "[27] See CLCS/70 and Corr.1 and CLCS/72.", "[28] SPLOS/183, para.", "[29] www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm.", "[30] 2012 9-20 April and 30 July-10 August 2012.", "[31] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1361, No. 23001.", "[32] See International Maritime Organization, STCW/CONF.2/32-34.", "[33] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2304, No. 41069.", "[34] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/25/Add.1, annex 16.", "[35] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1673, No. 28911.", "[36] International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.17/10.", "[37] S/PRST/1998/16; see Security Council resolutions and decisions, 1 August 2010 to 31 July 2011.", "[38] Solic360.", "[39] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1404.", "[40] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.1.", "[41] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.1.", "[42] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1408.", "[43] International Maritime Organization, document MSC.1/Circ.1337, annex 2.", "[44] International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/25/Add.4, annex 29.", "[45] See International Maritime Organization, document C 102/14, annex, enclosure 1.", "[46] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1678, No. 2,9004.", "[47] International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/21.", "[48] International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/22.", "[49] International Maritime Organization, document SOLAS/CONF.5/32 and 34, and resolution MSC.202 (81) on the implementation of the ship remote identification and tracking system.", "[50] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 89/WP.6/Add.1.", "[51] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "[53] Ibid., vol. 2326, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[55] International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.257 (84).", "[56] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 1, resolution MSC.255 (84).", "[57] Available from www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/action-plans/transport-action-plan.pdf.", "[58] International Maritime Organization, General Assembly resolution A.949 (23).", "[59] International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.16/19.", "[60] 1974 International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, the 1979 Convention on International Maritime Search and Rescue, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1989 International Rescue Convention.", "[61] International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 5, MSC.155 (78).", "[62] International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.153 (78).", "[63] International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.2, annex 34, resolution MSC.167 (78).", "[64] See International Maritime Organization, document MSC 88/26/Add.1, annex 6, MSC.312 (88).", "[65] International Maritime Organization, General Assembly resolution A.946 (23).", "[66] International Maritime Organization, General Assembly resolution A.1018 (26).", "[67] See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I.", "[68] International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24, annex 13, resolution MEPC.201 (62).", "[69] See International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 60/22, annex 10, resolution 62/208 (60).", "[70] International Maritime Organization, document BWM/CONF/36, annex.", "[71] International Maritime Organization, General Assembly resolution A.963 (23).", "[72] International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 53/9/1, annex 1.", "[73] See A/51/116, annex II.", "[74] UNEP/GPA/IGR.2/7, annex 5.", "[75] See UNEP/GC.25/17, annex I, decision 25/5.", "[76] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[77] International Maritime Organization, document LC 30/16, annex 6, LC-LP.1 (2008).", "[78] International Maritime Organization, document LC 32/15, annex 5, LC-LP.2 (2010).", "[79] See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex.", "[80] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619.", "[81] A/63/342.", "[82] See International Maritime Organization, document SR/CONF/45.", "[83] See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10.", "[84] United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/5, annex I.", "[85] See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I, decision IX/20, annexes I and II.", "[86] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Technical Consultation on the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep Fishing on the High Sea, Rome, 4-8 February and 25-29 August 2008, FAO report No. 881 (FIEP/R881 ( Chinese), appendix F.", "[87] United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[88] Cooperation Group on Data buoys, World Meteorological Organization-Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, No. 41", "[89] See A/64/347, annex.", "[90] A/66/587, annex.", "[91] See ISBA/17/A/8." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[根据第五委员会的报告(A/66/626)通过]", "66/232. 财务报告和已审计财务报表以及审计委员会的报告", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月22日第64/227号、2010年6月24日第64/268号、2010年12月24日第65/243A号和2011年6月30日第65/243B决议，", "审议了关于联合国难民事务高级专员经管的自愿基金2010年12月31日终了年度的财务报告和已审计财务报表以及审计委员会的报告、[1] 秘书长向大会转递审计委员会主席2011年7月12日转递该委员会提出的委员会就2008-2009两年期所提建议执行情况报告的信的说明，[2] 以及行政和预算问题咨询委员会的有关报告，[3]", "1. 接受关于联合国难民事务高级专员经管的自愿基金2010年12月31日终了年度的财务报告和已审计财务报表以及审计委员会的报告和审计意见；¹", "2. 核准审计委员会[4] 的建议；", "3. 表示注意到秘书长向大会转递审计委员会主席2011年7月12日转递该委员会提出的委员会就2008-2009两年期所提建议执行情况报告的信的说明；²", "4. 认可行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告³ 所载意见和建议；", "5. 赞扬审计委员会的报告仍然是质量上乘、格式简化；", "6. 又赞扬审计委员会找出其建议未获充分执行的常见原因，以及发掘在其报告执行和后续方面的良好做法；", "7. 邀请联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)再次作出努力，作为优先事项建立简单的全组织风险管理办法，但不对国家业务工作强加沉重的负担；", "8. 确认联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)为执行审计委员会的建议作出的改进，注意到审计委员会关切在联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)发现的有关内部控制和资产管理问题的显著缺陷，请联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)继续执行审计委员会的建议，并鼓励联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)加快制定有时限的行动计划，以处理审计委员会以往指出的关切和系统性问题；", "9. 重申有必要加强行政和制度措施，以解决问题反复出现的根本原因，并尽量减少审计委员会以往建议执行滞后的情况；", "10. 回顾行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告[5] 第4段，并请联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)确保今后的任何安排就健全和可靠的内部审计作出规定；", "11. 请行政和预算问题咨询委员会请审计委员会依据《联合国财务条例和细则》[6] 附件第1（d）段就内部审计安排提出报告；", "12. 强调实施公共部门会计准则是建立更好的问责和财务管理的工具，并请秘书长和联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)确保建立必要安排，以实现实施公共部门会计准则的最大效益；", "13. 关切地注意到在这方面审计委员会在联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)完成为在2012年顺利实施公共部门会计准则所作的必要准备方面表示的保留意见，并请联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)确保进一步加强努力，使其财务报表在计划时间内完全符合公共部门会计准则的实施要求；", "14. 再次请秘书长及联合国各基金和方案行政首长确保审计委员会的各项建议及行政和预算问题咨询委员会的有关建议迅速及时地得到充分执行，并继续追究方案主管不执行建议的责任，有效处理审计委员会强调的问题的根源；", "15. 再次请秘书长在其关于审计委员会就联合国账目及各基金和方案财务报表所提建议执行情况的报告中，充分说明为何未及时执行审计委员会的建议，特别是历时两年或两年以上而未充分执行的建议；", "16. 又再次请秘书长继续指明执行审计委员会建议的预计时限，以及执行工作的优先次序，包括在这方面将接受问责的官员及采取的措施；", "17. 请秘书长及联合国各基金和方案行政首长倘若未及根据所得经验和最佳做法考虑探讨网上后续系统，考虑探讨此类系统，用以跟踪审计委员会的建议，包括其接受、执行和影响方面的最新情况。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第5E号》（A/66/5/Add.5）。", "[2] A/66/139。", "[3] A/66/377。", "[4] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第5E号》（A/66/5/Add.5），第二章。", "[5] A/66/376。", "[6] ST/SGB/2003/7和Amend.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/66/626)]", "66/232. Financial reports and audited financial statements, and reports of the Board of Auditors", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/227 of 22 December 2009, 64/268 of 24 June 2010, 65/243 A of 24 December 2010 and 65/243 B of 30 June 2011,", "Having considered the financial report and audited financial statements and the report of the Board of Auditors on the voluntary funds administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the year ended 31 December 2010,[1] the note by the Secretary-General transmitting to the General Assembly the letter dated 12 July 2011 from the Chair of the Board of Auditors transmitting the report of the Board on the implementation of its recommendations relating to the biennium 2008–2009[2] and the related report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,[3]", "1. Accepts the financial report and audited financial statements and the report and audit opinion of the Board of Auditors on the voluntary funds administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the year ended 31 December 2010;¹", "2. Approves the recommendations of the Board of Auditors;[4]", "3. Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting to the General Assembly the letter dated 12 July 2011 from the Chair of the Board of Auditors transmitting the report of the Board on the implementation of its recommendations relating to the biennium 2008–2009;²", "4. Endorses the observations and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;³", "5. Commends the Board of Auditors for the continued high quality of its report and the streamlined format thereof;", "6. Also commends the Board of Auditors for its identification of common reasons for the lack of full implementation of the recommendations, as well as for good practices in relation to the implementation and follow-up of its reports;", "7. Invites the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to resume its efforts to develop, as a matter of priority, a simple organization-wide risk management approach without imposing onerous burdens on country operations;", "8. Acknowledges the improvements made by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to implement the recommendations of the Board of Auditors, notes the concerns of the Board about the significant deficiencies found in the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in matters relating to internal control and the management of assets, requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to continue to implement the recommendations of the Board, and encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to expeditiously develop an action plan with a time frame to address the concerns and systemic problems previously identified by the Board;", "9. Reiterates the need to strengthen administrative and institutional measures to address the root causes of recurring issues and to minimize the ageing of the previous recommendations of the Board of Auditors;", "10. Recalls paragraph 4 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,[5] and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure that any future arrangements provide for a sound and reliable internal audit;", "11. Requests the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to request the Board of Auditors to report on the internal audit arrangements in line with paragraph 1 (d) of the annex to the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations;[6]", "12. Emphasizes that the implementation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards is a tool for establishing better accountability and financial management, and requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure the arrangements necessary to realize the maximum benefits of the implementation of the Standards;", "13. Notes with concern, in this regard, the reservations expressed by the Board of Auditors about the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) completing the preparations necessary for the successful implementation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards in 2012, and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure the further intensification of its efforts so that its financial statements are fully compliant with the implementation requirements of the Standards within the scheduled time frame;", "14. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General and the executive heads of the funds and programmes of the United Nations to ensure the full implementation of the recommendations of the Board of Auditors and the related recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions in a prompt and timely manner, to continue to hold programme managers accountable for the non-implementation of the recommendations and to effectively address the root causes of the problems highlighted by the Board;", "15. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to provide in his reports on the implementation of the recommendations of the Board of Auditors on the accounts of the United Nations, as well as on the financial statements of its funds and programmes, a full explanation for the delays in the implementation of the recommendations of the Board, in particular those which have not yet been fully implemented that are two or more years old;", "16. Also reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue to indicate an expected time frame for the implementation of the recommendations of the Board of Auditors and the priorities for their implementation, including the office holders to be held accountable and measures taken in that regard;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General and the executive heads of the funds and programmes of the United Nations to consider, where they have not done so, exploring web-based follow-up systems, in line with lessons learned and best practices, to track the recommendations of the Board of Auditors, including the updated status of their acceptance, implementation and impact.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 5E (A/66/5/Add.5).", "[2]  A/66/139.", "[3]  A/66/377.", "[4]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 5E (A/66/5/Add.5), chap. II.", "[5]  A/66/376.", "[6]  ST/SGB/2003/7 and Amend.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/64/226)]", "Financial report and audited financial statements and reports of the Board of Auditors", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/227 of 22 December 2009, 64268 of 24 June 2010, 43A of 24 December 2010 and 338 B of 30 June 2011,", "Having considered the financial report on the voluntary fund administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the year ended 31 December 2010 and the audited financial statements, as well as the report of the Board of Auditors, the Secretary-General transmitted to the General Assembly a note by the Chairman of the Board of Auditors on the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee for the biennium 2008-2009, [2] and the related report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, [3]", "Accepts the financial report on the voluntary fund administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the year ended 31 December 2010 and the audited financial statements and the report and audit observations of the Board of Auditors;1", "Approves the recommendations of the Board of Auditors [4];", "Takes note of the letter dated 12 July 2011 from the Secretary-General to the General Assembly transmitting to the Chairman of the Board of Auditors a note by the Committee on the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee for the biennium 2008-2009;2", "Endorses the observations and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;3", "Commends the Board of Auditors for the continued quality and simplification of its report;", "Also commends the Board for identifying common reasons for the lack of full implementation of its recommendations, as well as for extracting good practices in their implementation and follow-up;", "Invites the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to renew its efforts to establish, as a matter of priority, a simple organizational risk management approach, without imposing a heavy burden on national operations;", "Acknowledges the improvements made by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the implementation of the recommendations of the Board of Auditors, notes the concern of the Board of Auditors about the significant shortcomings in internal controls and asset management found in the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to continue to implement the recommendations of the Board of Auditors, and encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to expedite the development of time-bound action plans to address the concerns and systemic issues noted by the Board of Auditors;", "Reaffirms the need to strengthen administrative and institutional measures to address the root causes of recurring problems and to minimize the implementation of the Board's previous recommendations;", "Recalls paragraph 4 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure that any future arrangement provides for the sound and reliable internal audit;", "Requests the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to report on internal audit arrangements in accordance with paragraph 1 (d) of the annex to the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations;", "Emphasizes that the implementation of IPSAS is a tool for better accountability and financial management, and requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure that necessary arrangements are put in place to maximize the effectiveness of IPSAS implementation;", "Notes with concern, in this regard, the reservations expressed by the Board of Auditors with regard to the completion of the necessary preparations for the successful implementation of IPSAS in 2012, and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure that further efforts are strengthened so that its financial statements are fully in line with IPSAS implementation requirements within the planned time frame;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General and the executive heads of the funds and programmes of the United Nations to ensure that the recommendations of the Board of Auditors and the related recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions are fully implemented in a timely and timely manner, and to continue to hold programme managers accountable for the non-implementation of the recommendations and to address effectively the root causes of the issues highlighted by the Board;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in his report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Board of Auditors on the accounts of the United Nations and the financial statements of the funds and programmes, to provide a full explanation of why the recommendations of the Board of Auditors have not been implemented in a timely manner, in particular those that have not been fully implemented for two years or more;", "Also reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue to indicate the projected time frame for the implementation of the Board's recommendations, as well as the priorities for implementation, including those responsible and measures taken in this regard;", "Requests the Secretary-General and the executive heads of the United Nations funds and programmes to consider the online follow-up system without and based on the experience and best practices gained and to consider exploring such systems to track the Board's recommendations, including updates on their acceptance, implementation and impact.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 5E (A/64/5/Add.5).", "[2] A/64/239.", "[3] A/63/377.", "[4] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 5E (A/64/5/Add.5), chap.", "[5] A/63/376.", "[6] ST/SGB/2003/7 and Amend.1." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[根据第五委员会的报告(A/66/642)通过]", "66/233. 会议时地分配办法", "大会，", "回顾其各项有关决议，包括1985年12月18日第40/243号、1986年12月19日第41/213号、1988年12月21日第43/222A至E号、1996年12月18日第51/211A至E号、1997年12月22日第52/214号、1998年12月18日第53/208A至E号、1999年12月23日第54/248号、2000年12月23日第55/222号、2001年12月24日第56/242号、2002年3月27日第56/254D号、2002年2月15日第56/262号、2002年6月27日第56/287号、2002年12月20日第57/283A号、2003年4月15日第57/283B号、2003年12月23日第58/250号、2004年12月23日第59/265号、2005年12月23日第60/236A号、2006年5月8日第60/236B号、2006年12月22日第61/236号、2007年12月22日第62/225号、2008年12月24日第63/248号、2009年6月30日第63/284号、2009年12月22日第64/230号和2010年12月24日第65/245号决议，", "重申其1987年12月11日第42/207C号决议，其中大会请秘书长确保对联合国正式语文一视同仁，", "审议了会议委员会2011年的报告[1] 和秘书长的有关报告，[2]", "又审议了行政和预算问题咨询委员会的报告，[3]", "重申大会关于使用多种语文问题的各项决议中，特别是2011年7月19日第65/311号决议中与会议服务有关的规定，", "一 会议日历", "1. 欢迎会议委员会2011年的报告；¹", "2. 核准会议委员会提交的联合国2012年和2013年会议日历草案，[4] 同时考虑到委员会的意见，并以符合本决议的规定为前提；", "3. 授权会议委员会根据大会第六十六届会议采取的行动和作出的决定，对2012年和2013年会议日历作任何必要的调整；", "4. 满意地注意到秘书处已考虑到大会第53/208A、54/248、55/222、56/242、57/283B、58/250、59/265、60/236A、61/236 、62/225、63/248、64/230和65/245号决议提及的关于东正教耶稣受难节以及法定假日开斋节和宰牲节的安排，并请所有政府间机构在规划会议时遵守这些决定；", "5. 请秘书长确保对会议日历的任何改动都严格遵循会议委员会的任务授权和大会其他有关决议；", "6. 邀请会员国在新立法授权中列入关于会议组织方式的充分信息；", "7. 回顾其议事规则第153条，并请秘书长在涉及支出的决议中纳入关于会议方式的内容，以期尽可能以最有效率和最具成本效益的方式调动会议服务和文件资源；", "二", "A. 会议服务资源的利用", "1. 重申在使用会议室方面必须优先考虑会员国会议的做法；", "2. 吁请秘书长和会员国恪守关于授权使用联合国房地举行会议、特别活动和展览的行政指示[5] 所载的各项准则和程序；", "3. 强调此类会议、特别活动和展览必须符合联合国各项宗旨和原则；", "4. 注意到2010年四个主要工作地点的总体利用率为85%，而2009年和2008年分别为86%和85％，都高于80%的既定基准；", "5. 欢迎若干机构采取步骤调整工作方案，以便优化利用会议服务资源，并请会议委员会继续同未充分利用会议服务资源的各机构秘书处和主席团协商；", "6. 认识到延迟开会和意外提前散会因损失时间而严重影响有关机构的利用率，并邀请各机构秘书处和主席团给予足够的重视，避免延迟开会和意外提前散会；", "7. 注意到有权“视需要”开会的机构2010年在纽约举行的会议中有94%获得口译服务，而2009年为95%，请秘书长继续努力使这些机构认识到需要努力优化利用所提供的会议服务，并通过会议委员会报告向这些机构提供会议服务的情况；", "8. 再次请政府间机构审查其应享会议资源，并根据其利用会议服务资源的实际情况规划和调整其工作方案，以便提高其利用会议服务的效率；", "9. 认识到会员国区域集团和其他主要集团的会议对于政府间机构会议顺利运作的重要性，请秘书长确保尽可能满足会员国区域集团和其他主要集团会议对会议服务的一切要求，并请秘书处尽早告知提出要求者是否可以提供会议服务，包括是否可以提供口译服务，以及在会前可能发生的任何变动；", "10. 注意到2010年四个主要工作地点获得口译服务的会员国区域集团和其他主要集团会议的百分比为84%，而2009年为79%，请秘书长继续采用创新办法，解决会员国因其区域集团和其他主要集团的一些会议缺乏会议服务而遇到的困难，并通过会议委员会向大会报告有关情况；", "11. 再次敦请政府间机构尽量在规划阶段就考虑到会员国区域集团和其他主要集团的会议，在工作方案中照顾到此类会议，凡取消会议，应及早通知会议服务部门，以便可以尽量将未利用的会议服务资源重新分配给会员国区域集团和其他主要集团的会议；", "12. 满意地注意到，根据大会数项决议，包括第65/245号决议第二.A节第10段，按照总部规则，总部设在内罗毕的联合国机构2010年的所有会议均在内罗毕举行，并请秘书长通过会议委员会向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "13. 关切地注意到非洲经济委员会会议中心利用率下降，并认识到该委员会目前开展的宣传工作和各项举措；", "14. 请秘书长继续探索提高非洲经济委员会会议中心利用率的手段，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况，包括委员会各项举措产生的影响；", "15. 确认秘书长为找出提高会议服务的效率和成效的途径所作的积极努力；", "16. 请秘书长在其第六十七届会议上提出对会议服务的全面审查，突出说明任何重复和冗余情况，以期确定创新思路、潜在的协同增效作用和其他节省费用措施，同时不影响其服务质量；", "17. 再次请会议委员会同过去三届会议期间对所分配资源的利用率一直低于适用基准数的机构协商，以期提出适当建议，使会议服务资源获得最佳利用，并敦促未充分利用会议服务资源的机构的秘书处和主席团，与秘书处大会和会议管理部更密切地合作，并考虑根据过去审议经常性议程项目方面的规律，酌情改变或调整其工作方案，以期提高利用率；", "B. 基本建设总计划战略四（分阶段办法）在执行期间对总部举行会议产生的影响", "1. 请秘书长确保，实施基本建设总计划，包括会议服务人员临时迁至周转空间，不影响以六种正式语文向会员国提供会议服务的质量，不影响对各语文服务部门一视同仁，各语文服务部门应当获得同等有利的工作条件和资源，以确保达到最高的服务质量标准；", "2. 请所有会议申请者和组织者就会议时间安排的所有相关事项与大会和会议管理部密切联络，以便在施工期间协调总部活动方面实现最大程度的可预见性；", "3. 请会议委员会不断审查此事，并请秘书长在施工期间向委员会定期报告与联合国会议日历有关的事项；", "4. 请秘书长在大会和会议管理部现有资源范围内继续向会议服务部门提供适当的信息技术支持，以便在实施基本建设总计划的整个过程中确保会议服务部门顺畅运作；", "5. 注意到在实施基本建设总计划期间，大会和会议管理部的部分会议服务人员和信息技术资源已临时迁至一个周转空间，并请秘书长在该部现有资源范围内继续提供适当支助，以确保持续维护该部的信息技术设施，实施全球信息技术倡议，提供优质会议服务；", "6. 请秘书长就影响会议服务和会议设施利用的举措同会员国协商；", "三 全球统筹管理", "1. 注意到在实施全球信息技术项目以便各工作地点会议管理和文件处理系统采用信息技术方面取得的进展，以及在四个主要工作地点会议服务部门间统一标准和信息技术并共享良好做法和技术成果的统筹做法；", "2. 赞赏地注意到秘书长利用内部能力为改善会议服务的利用情况所作的努力，特别是为此实施电子会议规划和资源配置系统(e-Meets)和口译员分派方案(e-APG单元)项目(“项目2”)，[6] 并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告为此所作的其他努力；", "3. 请秘书长确保充分实施全球文件管理项目(“项目3”)，⁶ 并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "4. 注意到在全球统筹管理方面开展的旨在精简程序、实现规模效益和提高会议服务质量的举措，并在这方面强调指出必须在四个主要工作地点确保会议服务人员的平等待遇以及同工同级的原则；", "5. 强调大会和会议管理部的主要目标是，按照大会相关决议，在所有工作地点按照既定条例以所有正式语文向会员国及时提供优质文件和优质会议服务，并尽可能以高效、合算的方式实现这些目标；", "6. 注意到各工作地点语文类专业人才库在语言组合方面参差不齐，并请秘书长在充分考虑这些参差不齐情况的基础上制定征聘、分包和外联政策；", "7. 请秘书长确保对各语文服务部门一视同仁，向其提供同等有利的工作条件和资源，以便在充分尊重六种正式语文各自的特点并考虑到其各自工作量的情况下，尽可能提高语文服务的质量；", "8. 重申秘书长需要确保所有工作地点采用的技术相互兼容，并确保此种技术便于所有正式语文采用；", "9. 又重申会员国满意程度是会议管理和会议服务的一项关键业绩指标；", "10. 请秘书长继续确保大会和会议管理部为征求会员国对所提供会议服务质量的评价意见以作为该部一项关键业绩指标而采取的措施，使会员国有均等机会以六种联合国正式语文提出评价，同时完全符合大会相关决议，并请秘书长通过会议委员会向大会报告这方面取得的进展；", "11. 又请秘书长继续探讨用户满意度评价的最佳做法和技术，并定期向大会报告取得的成果；", "12. 欢迎大会和会议管理部设法征求会员国对所提供会议服务质量的评价意见，请秘书长继续探讨创新途径，以便系统收集和分析来自会员国及各委员会主席和秘书关于会议服务质量的反馈，并通过会议委员会向大会报告有关情况；", "13. 请秘书长随时向大会通报全球统筹管理方面取得的进展；", "14. 关切地注意到秘书长未按照大会第63/248号决议第三节第4段、第64/230号决议第三节第12段和第65/245号决议第三节第14段的要求在其关于会议时地分配办法的报告² 中说明实施全球统筹管理项目后费用节省的情况，并再次请秘书长加倍努力，在其下次关于会议时地分配办法的报告中列入这一资料；", "15. 注意到秘书长报告第25段所述的工作，请秘书长继续评估四个主要工作地点的会议管理效率和问责机制，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "16. 又注意到联合国维也纳办事处发起的“Flex-time”试点项目，强调指出联合国关于人力资源问题的细则和条例应统一适用于该试点项目的实施全过程，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告对该试点项目的评价，包括就该项目应否继续在联合国维也纳办事处实施和在其他工作地点进一步实施提出建议；", "17. 表示注意到行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告³ 第11段，欢迎在可行时把邻近规则用作为在工作地点以外地点举行的会议提供服务的有效率办法，为此请秘书长在不损害服务质量的情况下将邻近规则严格适用于可适用的会议，并向会议委员会2012年实质性会议报告有关情况；", "四 文件和出版物有关事项", "1. 强调六种联合国正式语文地位平等至关重要；", "2. 重申其第64/230号决议第四节的决定，即根据大会1981年12月10日第36/117A号、第51/211A至E号、第52/214号、第53/208A至E号和第59/265号决议，应在人权理事会审议之前及时将普遍定期审议工作组通过的所有报告作为文件以联合国所有正式语文印发，请秘书长确保为此提供必要支持，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "3. 再次关切地请秘书长确保依照大会第55/222号决议第三节第5段，在以印本分发会议文件以及在正式文件系统和联合国网站张贴会议文件方面，严格遵守以所有六种正式语文同时分发文件的规定；", "4. 重申第五委员会是大会授权主管行政和预算事项的主要委员会；", "5. 强调指出包括文件在内的会议管理有关事项属于第五委员会的权限；", "6. 重申及时印发第五委员会所需文件的重要性；", "7. 确认需要采取多管齐下的做法，以解决长期存在的迟发第五委员会所需文件的难题；", "8. 确认大会和会议管理部主持的文件问题部门间工作队已作出努力，积极处理在印发供第五委员会所用文件方面存在的问题；", "9. 鼓励第五委员会主席和行政和预算问题咨询委员会主席继续推动两个机构在文件方面进行合作；", "10. 欢迎该工作队继续努力督导秘书处的文件编写部门提交文件；", "11. 指出秘书处在第五委员会非正式协商期间向它提供准确、及时和一贯的资料有助于该委员会的决策进程；", "12. 满意地注意到大会和会议管理部在四周内处理所有在限定字数内按时提交的文件，并鼓励秘书长保持这一业绩水平；", "13. 重申其第59/265号决议第三节第9段内的决定，即需要大会紧急审议的关于规划、预算和行政事项的文件应以所有六种正式语文优先印发；", "14. 再次请秘书长责成秘书处各部在其提出的报告中载列以下内容：", "（a）报告摘要；", "（b）综合结论、建议和其他拟议行动；", "（c）相关背景资料；", "15. 又再次要求将秘书处、政府间机构和专家机构提交立法机关审议并采取行动的所有文件的结论和建议部分印成黑体；", "16. 关切地注意到仅有52%的文件编写部门在向大会和会议管理部及时提交报告方面实现了90%合规率，请秘书长通过一个专门负责的单位，如文件问题部门间工作队，更严格地执行时间档制度，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "17. 促请文件编写部门充分遵守截止日期规定，实现提交文件合规率达到90%的目标，并请秘书长确保迟交文件不影响根据既定准则按时提交的文件的印发；", "18. 重申其第65/245号决议第四节第16段的要求，即请秘书长说明对超过字数限制提交文件的豁免程序；", "19. 欢迎大会和会议管理部与各文件编写部门之间就豁免管理问题进行的互动，请秘书长确保在这方面不断进行努力，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "20. 注意到在全球文件管理背景下进行的工作量分担作用仍然微不足道，请秘书长继续设法促进四个工作地点之间的工作量分担，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "21. 强调会员国及其政府间机构在确定会议管理政策方面的作用；", "22. 强调指出对此类政策的修改提议须由会员国在相关政府间机构中予以批准；", "23. 注意到“节纸会议”的概念，并请秘书长向大会提出报告，详细界定这一新出现的概念，明确确定适当技术以有效实施，包括技术基准和向会员国提供技术支持等方面的采购需求、业务连续性计划、所涉人力资源问题以及在四个工作地点的培训需求，同时铭记文件和数据安全及妥善存档的需要；", "24. 请秘书长在上文第23段要求提出的报告中说明经有关政府间机构完全同意后将试行节纸概念的会议所得的经验教训；", "25. 注意到正式文件系统是联合国的正式数字文献库；", "26. 请秘书长优先完成把全部六种正式语文的联合国所有重要旧文件上载联合国网站的工作，以便会员国也能通过这一媒介取得这些档案资料；", "27. 又请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，说明对所有重要的联合国旧文件，包括联合国会议文件进行数字化的详细时限，以及在现有资源范围内加快这一过程的可选办法；", "28. 注意到和平利用外层空间委员会作为一项节约费用措施在联合国维也纳办事处进行的向联合国六种正式语文数字录音过渡的试点项目；", "29. 强调这项措施的进一步扩大须经大会审议，包括审议所涉法律、财务和人力资源问题，且须完全符合大会相关决议，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况以及对上述试点项目的评价；", "五 笔译和口译有关事项", "1. 请秘书长加倍努力，确保所有六种正式语文的口译和笔译服务达到最高质量标准；", "2. 又请秘书长继续征求会员国对所提供会议服务质量的评价意见，包括通过每年举行两次各语文情况交流会，并确保此类措施使会员国有均等机会以六种联合国正式语文提出评价，同时完全符合大会相关决议；", "3. 再次请秘书长确保笔译和口译服务的用语体现各正式语文的最新语言规范和用语，以保证最高质量；", "4. 重申其第65/245号决议第五节第4段，再次请秘书长在征聘临时语文服务人员时，包括在酌情使用国际或当地合同时，确保对各语文服务部门一视同仁，向其提供同等有利的工作条件和资源，以便在充分尊重六种正式语文各自的特点并考虑到其各自工作量的情况下，尽可能提高语文服务的质量；", "5. 赞赏地注意到秘书处为填补联合国内罗毕办事处语文服务部门的现有空缺而采取的措施，再次请秘书长考虑为降低内罗毕的空缺率采取进一步措施，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "6. 请秘书长及早举行征聘语文工作人员的竞争性考试，以及时填补语文部门现有空缺和未来空缺，并向大会第六十七届会议报告这方面的努力；", "7. 又请秘书长在将文件翻译成六种正式语文时继续提高质量，特别注重翻译准确性；", "8. 还请秘书长增加承包笔译的比例，以期除其他外进一步提高效率，但这一交付方式产生的最后产品须与内部笔译质量相当，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "9. 再次请秘书长为所有工作地点配备人数充足、职等适当的工作人员，以确保对外部翻译进行适当的质量控制，同时适当考虑同工同级的原则；", "10. 请秘书长就各主要工作地点在对外包翻译进行质量控制方面的经验教训和最佳做法，包括履行这一职能所需工作人员的人数和适当职等问题，向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "11. 鼓励秘书长建立全球标准化业绩指标和费用计算模型，旨在制订更经济合算的内部处理文件战略，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提供此类资料；", "12. 赞赏地注意到秘书长根据大会各项决议为解决替换退休的语文部门工作人员等问题所采取的措施，并请秘书长保持并加大这些努力，包括加强与语言专门人才培训机构的合作，以便满足联合国六种正式语文的需求；", "13. 注意到需要采取有力措施，以避免因在语文职业领域缺乏申请人和更替率高而造成的干扰，并请秘书长利用适当手段，改进实习方案，包括与有关组织建立伙伴关系，宣传联合国正式语文；", "14. 又注意到，最近的有关努力导致与非洲两所大学签订两份谅解备忘录，目前尚未与拉丁美洲机构签订谅解备忘录；", "15. 请秘书长进一步作出协同努力，推动见习和实习等外联方案，并采用创新方法宣传这些方案，包括与会员国、有关国际组织和各区域的语言机构建立伙伴关系，特别是要弥补在非洲和拉丁美洲的巨大差距，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "16. 请大会和会议管理部与人力资源管理厅合作，继续进一步努力向所有会员国宣传在四个主要工作地点语文部门就业和实习的机会；", "17. 赞赏地注意到总部和联合国维也纳办事处见习活动的积极经验，这些活动有助于培训和吸引年轻专业人员从事联合国笔译和口译工作，同时加强对继任规划至关重要的语文组合的合格语文专业人才库，请秘书长进一步发展这一举措，向所有工作地点推广，并向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况；", "18. 注意到据安全理事会制裁委员会称，受制裁个人和实体综合名单尚未译成所有六种正式语文，再次建议安全理事会文件和其他程序问题非正式工作组进一步研究有关印发、包括翻译这些综合名单的各种做法，并请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告有关情况。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第32号》（A/66/32）。", "[2] A/66/118和Corr.1。", "[3] A/66/397。", "[4] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第32号》（A/66/32），附件二。", "[5] ST/AI/416。", "[6] 见A/63/119和Corr.1，第二.B节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/66/642)]", "66/233. Pattern of conferences", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolutions 40/243 of 18 December 1985, 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 43/222 A to E of 21 December 1988, 51/211 A to E of 18 December 1996, 52/214 of 22 December 1997, 53/208 A to E of 18 December 1998, 54/248 of 23 December 1999, 55/222 of 23 December 2000, 56/242 of 24 December 2001, 56/254 D of 27 March 2002, 56/262 of 15 February 2002, 56/287 of 27 June 2002, 57/283 A of 20 December 2002, 57/283 B of 15 April 2003, 58/250 of 23 December 2003, 59/265 of 23 December 2004, 60/236 A of 23 December 2005, 60/236 B of 8 May 2006, 61/236 of 22 December 2006, 62/225 of 22 December 2007, 63/248 of 24 December 2008, 63/284 of 30 June 2009, 64/230 of 22 December 2009 and 65/245 of 24 December 2010,", "Reaffirming its resolution 42/207 C of 11 December 1987, in which it requested the Secretary-General to ensure the equal treatment of the official languages of the United Nations,", "Having considered the report of the Committee on Conferences for 2011[1] and the relevant report of the Secretary-General,[2]", "Having also considered the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,[3]", "Reaffirming the provisions relating to conference services in its resolutions on multilingualism, in particular resolution 65/311 of 19 July 2011,", "I", "Calendar of conferences and meetings", "1. Welcomes the report of the Committee on Conferences for 2011;¹", "2. Approves the draft calendar of conferences and meetings of the United Nations for 2012 and 2013, as submitted by the Committee on Conferences,[4] taking into account the observations of the Committee and subject to the provisions of the present resolution;", "3. Authorizes the Committee on Conferences to make any adjustments to the calendar of conferences and meetings for 2012 and 2013 that may become necessary as a result of actions and decisions taken by the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session;", "4. Notes with satisfaction that the Secretariat has taken into account the arrangements referred to in General Assembly resolutions 53/208 A, 54/248, 55/222, 56/242, 57/283 B, 58/250, 59/265, 60/236 A, 61/236, 62/225, 63/248, 64/230 and 65/245 concerning Orthodox Good Friday and the official holidays of Eid al‑Fitr and Eid al‑Adha, and requests all intergovernmental bodies to observe those decisions when planning their meetings;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that any modification to the calendar of conferences and meetings is implemented strictly in accordance with the mandate of the Committee on Conferences and other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "6. Invites Member States to include in new legislative mandates adequate information on the modalities for the organization of conferences or meetings;", "7. Recalls rule 153 of its rules of procedure, and requests the Secretary-General to include the modalities of conferences in resolutions involving expenditure, with a view to mobilizing conference services and documentation in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible;", "II", "A. Utilization of conference-servicing resources", "1. Reaffirms the practice that, in the use of conference rooms, priority must be given to the meetings of Member States;", "2. Calls upon the Secretary-General and Member States to adhere to the guidelines and procedures contained in the administrative instruction for the authorization of the use of United Nations premises for meetings, conferences, special events and exhibits;[5]", "3. Emphasizes that such meetings, conferences, special events and exhibits must be consistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations;", "4. Notes that the overall utilization factor at the four main duty stations in 2010 was 85 per cent, as compared with 86 per cent in 2009 and 85 per cent in 2008, which is above the established benchmark of 80 per cent;", "5. Welcomes the steps taken by those bodies that have adjusted their programmes of work in order to achieve the optimum utilization of conference-servicing resources, and requests the Committee on Conferences to continue consultations with the secretariats and bureaux of bodies that underutilize their conference-servicing resources;", "6. Recognizes that late starts and unplanned early endings seriously affect the utilization factor of the bodies owing to the amount of time lost, and invites the secretariats and bureaux of bodies to pay adequate attention to avoiding late starts and unplanned early endings;", "7. Notes that the percentage of meetings held by the bodies entitled to meet “as required” that were provided with interpretation services in New York in 2010 was 94 per cent, as compared with 95 per cent in 2009, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to impress upon such bodies the need to strive to optimize the utilization of the conference services provided and to report on the provision of conference services to those bodies through the Committee on Conferences;", "8. Reiterates its request to intergovernmental bodies to review their meeting entitlements and to plan and adjust their programmes of work on the basis of their actual utilization of conference-servicing resources in order to improve their efficient use of conference services;", "9. Recognizes the importance of meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States for the smooth functioning of the sessions of intergovernmental bodies, requests the Secretary-General to ensure that, as far as possible, all requests for conference services for the meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States are met, and requests the Secretariat to inform the requesters as early as possible about the availability of conference services, including interpretation, as well as about any changes that might occur before the holding of meetings;", "10. Notes that the percentage of meetings held by regional and other major groupings of Member States that were provided with interpretation services at the four main duty stations was 84 per cent in 2010, as compared with 79 per cent in 2009, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to employ innovative means to address the difficulties experienced by Member States owing to the lack of conference services for some meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States and to report thereon to the General Assembly through the Committee on Conferences;", "11. Once again urges intergovernmental bodies to spare no effort at the planning stage to take into account the meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States, to make provision for such meetings in their programmes of work and to notify conference services, well in advance, of any cancellations so that unutilized conference-servicing resources may, to the extent possible, be reassigned to meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States;", "12. Notes with satisfaction that, in accordance with several resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolution 65/245, section II.A, paragraph 10, in conformity with the headquarters rule, all meetings of Nairobi-based United Nations bodies were held in Nairobi in 2010, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session through the Committee on Conferences;", "13. Notes with concern the decrease in the utilization rate of the conference centre of the Economic Commission for Africa, and recognizes the ongoing promotional efforts and initiatives of the Commission;", "14. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore means to increase the utilization of the conference centre of the Economic Commission for Africa and to report thereon, including on the impact of the initiatives of the Commission, to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "15. Recognizes the proactive efforts of the Secretary-General to identify ways to enhance efficiencies and effectiveness in conference services;", "16. Requests the Secretary-General to propose, at its sixty-seventh session, a comprehensive review of conference servicing highlighting any duplications and redundancies, with a view to identifying innovative ideas, potential synergies and other cost-saving measures, without compromising the quality of its services;", "17. Reiterates its request to the Committee on Conferences to consult with those bodies that have consistently utilized less than the applicable benchmark figure of their allocated resources of the past three sessions, with a view to making appropriate recommendations in order to achieve the optimum utilization of conference-servicing resources, and urges the secretariats and bureaux of bodies that underutilize their conference-servicing resources to work more closely with the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management of the Secretariat and to consider changes to their programmes of work, as appropriate, including adjustments based on previous patterns of recurring agenda items, with a view to making improvements in their utilization factors;", "B. Impact of the capital master plan, strategy IV (phased approach), on meetings held at Headquarters during its implementation", "1. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the implementation of the capital master plan, including the temporary relocation of conference-servicing staff to swing spaces, will not compromise the quality of conference services provided to Member States in the six official languages and the equal treatment of the language services, which should be provided with equally favourable working conditions and resources, with a view to receiving the maximum quality of services;", "2. Requests all meeting requesters and organizers to liaise closely with the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management on all matters related to the scheduling of meetings to allow maximum predictability in coordinating activities at Headquarters during the construction period;", "3. Requests the Committee on Conferences to keep the matter under constant review, and requests the Secretary-General to report regularly to the Committee on matters pertaining to the calendar of conferences and meetings of the United Nations during the construction period;", "4. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide adequate information technology support for conference services, within the existing resources of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, in order to ensure their seamless operation throughout the implementation of the capital master plan;", "5. Notes that, for the duration of the implementation of the capital master plan, a part of the conference-servicing staff and information technology resources of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management has been temporarily relocated to swing spaces, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide adequate support, within the existing resources of the Department, to ensure continued maintenance of the information technology facilities of the Department, implementation of the global information technology initiative and delivery of high-quality conference services;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to consult with Member States on initiatives that affect the utilization of conference services and conference facilities;", "III", "Integrated global management", "1. Notes the progress made in the implementation of the global information technology project, aimed at integrating, across duty stations, information technology into meetings management and documentation-processing systems, and the global approach to harmonizing standards and information technology and sharing good practices and technological achievements among conference services at the four main duty stations;", "2. Notes with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary-General, using in‑house capacity, to improve the utilization of conference services, in particular through the implementation of the project on the Electronic Meetings Planning and Resource Allocation System (e-Meets) and the interpreters assignment programme (e-APG module) (“project 2”),[6] and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on other efforts to that end;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the project on global documentation management (“project 3”)⁶ and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "4. Notes the initiatives undertaken in the context of integrated global management aimed at streamlining procedures, achieving economies of scale and improving the quality of conference services, and in this regard stresses the importance of ensuring equal treatment of conference-servicing staff, as well as the principle of equal grade for equal work at the four main duty stations;", "5. Emphasizes that the major goals of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management are to provide high-quality documents in a timely manner in all official languages, in accordance with established regulations, as well as high-quality conference services to Member States at all duty stations, and to achieve those aims as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "6. Notes that the pool of language professionals at duty stations is uneven in terms of language combinations, and requests the Secretary-General to develop recruitment, subcontracting and outreach policies that take full account of these imbalances;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that all language services are given equal treatment and are provided with equally favourable working conditions and resources, with a view to achieving the maximum quality of services, with full respect for the specificities of the six official languages and taking into account their respective workloads;", "8. Reiterates the need for the Secretary-General to ensure the compatibility of technologies used in all duty stations and to ensure that they are user-friendly in all official languages;", "9. Also reiterates that the satisfaction of Member States is a key performance indicator in conference management and conference services;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that measures taken by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management to seek the evaluation by Member States of the quality of the conference services provided to them, as a key performance indicator of the Department, provide equal opportunities to Member States to present their evaluations in the six official languages of the United Nations and are in full compliance with relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Assembly, through the Committee on Conferences, on progress made in this regard;", "11. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore best practices and techniques in client satisfaction evaluations and to report on a regular basis to the General Assembly on the results achieved;", "12. Welcomes the efforts made by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management to seek the evaluation by Member States of the quality of the conference services provided to them, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore innovative ways to systematically capture and analyse feedback from Member States and committee Chairs and Secretaries on the quality of conference services and to report thereon to the General Assembly through the Committee on Conferences;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly apprised of progress made in integrated global management;", "14. Notes with concern that the Secretary-General did not include in his report on the pattern of conferences² information about the financial savings achieved through the implementation of the integrated global management projects, as requested in section III, paragraph 4, of its resolution 63/248, in section III, paragraph 12, of its resolution 64/230 and in section III, paragraph 14, of its resolution 65/245, and reiterates its request that the Secretary-General redouble his efforts to include this information in his next report on the pattern of conferences;", "15. Notes the undertakings of the Secretary-General described in paragraph 25 of his report, and requests him to continue to assess the conference management efficiency and accountability mechanisms across the four main duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "16. Also notes the flextime pilot project initiated by the United Nations Office at Vienna, stresses that the rules and regulations of the United Nations governing human resources issues should be applied uniformly during the implementation of the pilot project, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the evaluation of the pilot project, including a recommendation on whether the project should be continued at the United Nations Office at Vienna and further implemented at other duty stations;", "17. Takes note of paragraph 11 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,³ welcomes the proximity rule as an efficient approach, where feasible, to servicing meetings away from duty stations, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to rigorously apply the proximity rule to those meetings that are applicable without jeopardizing the quality of the services and to report thereon to the substantive session of the Committee on Conferences in 2012;", "IV", "Matters related to documentation and publications", "1. Emphasizes the paramount importance of the equality of the six official languages of the United Nations;", "2. Reaffirms its decision in section IV of its resolution 64/230 that all reports adopted by the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council shall be issued as documents in all official languages of the United Nations in a timely manner before their consideration by the Council, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 36/117 A of 10 December 1981, 51/211 A to E, 52/214, 53/208 A to E and 59/265, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the support necessary to that effect and to report to the General Assembly thereon at its sixty-seventh session;", "3. Reiterates with concern its request that the Secretary-General ensure that the rules concerning the simultaneous distribution of documents in all six official languages be strictly respected as regards both the distribution of printed copies and the posting of parliamentary documentation on the Official Document System and the United Nations website, in keeping with section III, paragraph 5, of its resolution 55/222;", "4. Reaffirms that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters;", "5. Stresses that matters related to conference management, including documentation, fall within the purview of the Fifth Committee;", "6. Reiterates the importance of the timely issuance of documents for the Fifth Committee;", "7. Acknowledges that a multipronged approach is required to find a solution to the perennial difficulties of the late issuance of documents for the Fifth Committee;", "8. Recognizes the work done by the interdepartmental task force on documentation chaired by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management in positively addressing the problem of issuance of documents for the Fifth Committee;", "9. Encourages the Chairs of the Fifth Committee and the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to continue to promote cooperation between the two bodies in the sphere of documentation;", "10. Welcomes the continued efforts of the task force to shepherd the submission of documents by the author departments of the Secretariat;", "11. Notes that accurate, timely and consistent information provided by the Secretariat to the Fifth Committee during its informal consultations facilitates the decision-making process in the Committee;", "12. Notes with satisfaction that all documents submitted on time and within the word limit were processed by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management within four weeks, and encourages the Secretary-General to sustain that level of performance;", "13. Reaffirms its decision in section III, paragraph 9, of its resolution 59/265 that the issuance of documents in all six official languages on planning, budgetary and administrative matters requiring urgent consideration by the General Assembly shall be accorded priority;", "14. Reiterates its request that the Secretary-General direct all departments of the Secretariat to include the following elements in their reports:", "(a) A summary of the report;", "(b) Consolidated conclusions, recommendations and other proposed actions;", "(c) Relevant background information;", "15. Also reiterates its request that all documents submitted to legislative organs by the Secretariat and intergovernmental and expert bodies for consideration and action have conclusions and recommendations in bold print;", "16. Notes with concern that only 52 per cent of the author departments reached the compliance rate of 90 per cent in the timely submission of their reports to the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, and requests the Secretary-General to enforce the slotting system more rigorously through a dedicated focus, such as the interdepartmental task force on documentation, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "17. Urges author departments to fully adhere to deadlines in meeting the goal of 90 per cent submission compliance, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that documents submitted late do not adversely affect the issuance of documents submitted on time and in compliance with set guidelines;", "18. Reiterates its request in section IV, paragraph 16, of its resolution 65/245 that the Secretary-General provide information on the waiver process for documents that are submitted over the word limit;", "19. Welcomes the interactions between the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management and the author departments on waiver management, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure continuous efforts in this regard and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "20. Notes that the effects of workload-sharing in the context of global document management remain minimal, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to seek ways to promote workload-sharing among the four duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "21. Emphasizes the role of Member States and their intergovernmental bodies in determining the policies of conference management;", "22. Stresses that proposals to change such policies are to be approved by Member States in their relevant intergovernmental bodies;", "23. Notes the concept of “paper-smart” meetings, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly a report defining in detail this emerging concept, clearly identifying the appropriate technologies for its effective implementation, including the technological benchmark and procurement needs, including those related to the provision of technological support to Member States, business continuity plans, human resources implications and training needs at the four duty stations, bearing in mind the need for document and data security, as well as proper archiving;", "24. Requests the Secretary-General to include in the report requested in paragraph 23 above the lessons learned from the meetings that will implement the paper-smart concept on a trial basis with the full consent of the relevant intergovernmental bodies;", "25. Notes that the Official Document System is the official digital repository of the United Nations;", "26. Requests the Secretary-General to complete the task of uploading all important older United Nations documents onto the United Nations website in all six official languages on a priority basis so that these archives are also available to Member States through that medium;", "27. Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on a detailed time frame for the digitization of all important older United Nations documents, including parliamentary documents, and on options for expediting this process within existing resources;", "28. Notes the pilot project undertaken by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space at the United Nations Office at Vienna to transition to digital recordings of meetings in the six official languages of the Organization as a cost-saving measure;", "29. Emphasizes that the further expansion of this measure would require consideration, including of its legal, financial and human resources implications, by the General Assembly and full compliance with the relevant resolutions of the Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon and on the evaluation of the pilot project mentioned above to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "V", "Matters related to translation and interpretation", "1. Requests the Secretary-General to redouble his efforts to ensure the highest quality of interpretation and translation services in all six official languages;", "2. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to seek evaluation by Member States of the quality of the conference services provided to them, including through the language-specific informational meetings held twice a year, and to ensure that such measures provide equal opportunities to Member States to present their evaluations in the six official languages of the United Nations and that they are in full compliance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "3. Reiterates its request that the Secretary-General ensure that the terminology used in the translation and interpretation services reflects the latest linguistic norms and terminology of the official languages in order to ensure the highest quality;", "4. Reaffirms section V, paragraph 4, of its resolution 65/245, and reiterates its request that the Secretary-General, when recruiting temporary assistance in the language services, including through the use of international or local contracts, as appropriate, ensure that all language services are given equal treatment and are provided with equally favourable working conditions and resources, with a view to achieving maximum quality of their services, with full respect for the specificities of each of the six official languages and taking into account their respective workloads;", "5. Notes with appreciation the measures taken by the Secretariat to fill current vacancies in the language services at the United Nations Office at Nairobi, reiterates its request that the Secretary-General consider further measures aimed at decreasing the vacancy rates in Nairobi, and requests that the Secretary-General report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to hold competitive examinations for the recruitment of language staff sufficiently in advance in order to fill current and future vacancies in the language services in a timely manner and to inform the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session of efforts in this regard;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to improve the quality of translation of documents into the six official languages, giving particular significance to the accuracy of translation;", "8. Further requests the Secretary-General to increase the proportion of translation done contractually, with a view to achieving, inter alia, further efficiencies where this mode of delivery yields a final product that is of comparable quality to in-house translation, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "9. Reiterates its request that the Secretary-General provide, at all duty stations, adequate staff at the appropriate level, with a view to ensuring appropriate quality control for external translation, with due consideration of the principle of equal grade for equal work;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the experience, lessons learned and best practices of the main duty stations in performing quality control of contractual translations, including on requirements relating to the number and appropriate level of the staff needed to carry out this function;", "11. Encourages the Secretary-General to establish globally standardized performance indicators and costing models aimed at a more cost-effective strategy for the in-house processing of documents, and requests the Secretary-General to submit such information to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "12. Notes with appreciation the measures taken by the Secretary-General, in accordance with its resolutions, to address, inter alia, the issue of the replacement of retiring staff in the language services, and requests the Secretary-General to maintain and intensify those efforts, including the strengthening of cooperation with institutions that train language specialists, in order to meet the needs in the six official languages of the United Nations;", "13. Notes the need for energetic measures to avoid a disruptive shortage of applicants and a high turnover rate in the language career fields, and requests the Secretary-General to use the appropriate means to improve the internship programme, including through partnerships with organizations that promote the official languages of the United Nations;", "14. Also notes, in this regard, that recent efforts have led to the signing of two memorandums of understanding with two universities in Africa, and that no memorandums of understanding have been signed with Latin American institutions;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to make further concerted efforts to promote outreach programmes, such as traineeships and internships, and to introduce innovative methods to increase awareness of the programmes, including through partnerships with Member States, relevant international organizations and language institutions in all regions, in particular to close the wide gap in Africa and Latin America, and to report to the General Assembly thereon at its sixty-seventh session;", "16. Requests the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, in cooperation with the Office of Human Resources Management, to continue to increase its efforts to raise awareness among all Member States about opportunities for employment and internships in the language services at the four main duty stations;", "17. Notes with appreciation the positive experience with traineeships at Headquarters and at the United Nations Office at Vienna in training young professionals in and attracting them to the translation and interpretation services of the United Nations, while enhancing the pool of qualified language professionals in language combinations that are critical for succession-planning purposes, and requests the Secretary-General to develop the initiative further, to extend it to all duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "18. Notes that the consolidated lists of individuals and entities subject to sanctions, according to the sanctions committees of the Security Council, have not yet been translated into all six official languages, reiterates its recommendation that the Informal Working Group on Documentation and Other Procedural Questions of the Security Council look further into the practices related to the issuance of these consolidated lists, including their translation, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon at its sixty-seventh session.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 32 (A/66/32).", "[2]  A/66/118 and Corr.1.", "[3]  A/66/397.", "[4]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 32 (A/66/32), annex II.", "[5]  ST/AI/416.", "[6]  See A/63/119 and Corr.1, sect. II.B." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/64/242)]", "Pattern of conferences", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolutions 40/243 of 18 December 1985, 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 43/222 A to E of 21 December 1988, 51/211 A to E of 18 December 1996, 52/214 of 22 December 1997, 53/208 A to E of 18 December 1998, 54/248 of 23 December 1999, 55/222 of 23 December 2000, 56/242 of 24 December 2001, 61/283 of 27 December 2002, 61/264 of 27 March 2002, 61/254 of 27 March 2002, 61/258 of 23 December 2008, 61/258 of 23 December 2008, 61/266 of 24 December 2002, 61/254 of 24 December 2008, 61/254 of 27 March 2002, 61/254 of 23 December 2008, 61/264 of 27 March 2002, 61/254 of 20 March 2002,", "Reaffirming its resolution 42/207 C of 11 December 1987, in which the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to ensure that the official languages of the United Nations are not discriminated against,", "Having considered the report of the Committee on Conferences for 2011 and the related report of the Secretary-General, [2]", "Having also considered the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, [3]", "Reaffirming the provisions relating to conference services contained in the General Assembly resolutions on multilingualism, in particular resolution 65/311 of 19 July 2011,", "Summary of conferences and meetings", "Welcomes the report of the Committee on Conferences for 2011;1", "Approves the draft calendar of conferences and meetings of the United Nations for 2012 and 2013 submitted by the Committee on Conferences, [4] taking into account the views of the Committee and subject to the provisions of the present resolution;", "Authorizes the Committee on Conferences to make any necessary adjustments to the calendar of conferences and meetings for 2012 and 2013, in accordance with the actions and decisions taken by the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session;", "Notes with satisfaction that the Secretariat has taken into account the arrangements for Orthodox Good Friday, and for the opening of Ramadan and livestock festivals, referred to in General Assembly resolutions 53/208 A, 54/248, 55/222, 56/242, 57/283B, 58/250, 59/265, 60/236A, 61/236, 62/225, 63/248, 64230 and 3945, and requests all intergovernmental bodies to comply with those decisions in planning meetings;", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure strict compliance with the mandate of the Committee on Conferences and other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "Invites Member States to include in their new legislative mandates adequate information on the organization of the Conference;", "Recalls rule 153 of its rules of procedure, and requests the Secretary-General to include in the resolutions relating to expenditure the content of the modalities of the Conference with a view to mobilizing conference services and documentation resources as efficiently as possible, in an efficient and cost-effective manner;", "Annex II", "Use of conference services resources", "Reaffirms the importance of giving priority to the practice of meetings of Member States in the use of conference rooms;", "Calls upon the Secretary-General and Member States to adhere to the guidelines and procedures contained in the administrative instruction on the delegation of authority for the use of United Nations premises [5];", "Emphasizes that such meetings, special events and exhibitions must be in conformity with the purposes and principles of the United Nations;", "Takes note of the overall utilization rate of 85 per cent for the four main duty stations in 2010, compared to 86 per cent and 85 per cent in 2009 and 2008, above the established benchmark of 80 per cent;", "Welcomes the steps taken by a number of institutions to align their work programmes with a view to optimizing the use of conference services resources, and requests the Committee to continue its consultations with the secretariats and bureaux of the agencies that do not fully utilize conference services resources;", "Recognizes that delays in meeting and unanticipation will seriously affect the utilization rate of the agencies concerned by the loss of time, and invites the secretariats and bureaux of the agencies to give sufficient attention to avoid delays in the meeting and the unexpected release of the meeting;", "Takes note of the fact that 94 per cent of the meetings of bodies entitled “as required” to meet in New York in 2010, 95 per cent in 2009, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to work towards optimizing the use of the conference services provided and to report to the Committee on Conferences on the availability of conference services to those bodies;", "Reiterates its request to intergovernmental bodies to review their conference-servicing resources and to plan and adjust their programme of work, in accordance with the realities of the utilization of conference services resources, in order to enhance their efficiency in the use of conference services;", "Recognizes the importance of meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States for the smooth functioning of intergovernmental bodies, requests the Secretary-General to ensure that all requests for conference services are met to the extent possible from meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States, and requests the Secretariat to inform, as soon as possible, of the availability of conference services, including the availability of interpretation services, and any changes that may occur in pre-session meetings;", "Notes that the percentage of meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States with interpretation services at the four main duty stations in 2010 is 84 per cent, while 79 per cent in 2009, requests the Secretary-General to continue to pursue innovative approaches to address the difficulties encountered by Member States in their lack of conference services owing to the lack of conference services at some meetings of regional groups and other major groupings, and to report thereon to the General Assembly through the Committee on Conferences;", "Reiterates its invitation to intergovernmental bodies to take into account, to the extent possible, the meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States at the planning stage, to take into account such meetings in their programme of work, and to notify the services services of the Conference at an early stage so that the unused conference-servicing resources may be allocated to meetings of regional and other major groupings of Member States as possible;", "Notes with satisfaction that, in accordance with a number of General Assembly resolutions, including paragraph 10 of section II.A of resolution class 45, all United Nations bodies in Nairobi in 2010 are held in Nairobi in accordance with the headquarters rules, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session through the Committee on Conferences;", "Notes with concern the decline in the utilization of the conference centres at the Economic Commission for Africa, and recognizes the ongoing advocacy work and initiatives undertaken by the Commission;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore means to increase the utilization of the conference centres at the Economic Commission for Africa and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, including the impact of the Committee's initiatives;", "Acknowledges the active efforts of the Secretary-General to identify ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of conference services;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit, at its sixty-seventh session, a comprehensive review of conference services highlighting any duplication and redundancy with a view to identifying innovative ideas, potential synergies and other cost-saving measures, without prejudice to the quality of their services;", "Reiterates its request to the Committee on Conferences, in consultation with the bodies that have consistently reduced the utilization rate of the allocated resources to the applicable benchmark for the past three sessions, with a view to making appropriate recommendations for the best use of conference services resources, and urges the secretariats and bureaux of the bodies that do not fully utilize conference-servicing resources, to cooperate more closely with the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management of the Secretariat, and to consider changing or adapting their programme of work, as appropriate, in accordance with the rules governing the consideration of the regular agenda items in the past, with a view to improving the utilization rate;", "Impact of capital master plan strategy IV (phased approach) on meetings held at Headquarters during implementation", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the implementation of the capital master plan, including the temporary relocation of conference services personnel to swing space, does not affect the quality of conference services provided to Member States in the six official languages, without prejudice to the non-discrimination in the language services sectors, and that the language services should receive equal favourable working conditions and resources to ensure the highest standard of service quality;", "Requests all conference applicants and organizers to liaise closely with the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management on all relevant matters relating to the schedule of meetings in order to achieve maximum predictability in coordinating activities at Headquarters during the construction period;", "Requests the Committee on Conferences to keep the matter under review and requests the Secretary-General to report regularly to the Committee on matters relating to the calendar of conferences and meetings of the United Nations during the construction period;", "Requests the Secretary-General, within existing resources of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, to continue to provide adequate information technology support to the conference services sector in order to ensure the smooth functioning of the conference services services throughout the implementation of the capital master plan;", "Notes that, during the implementation of the capital master plan, part of the conference services and information technology resources of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management have been temporarily relocated to a swing space, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide adequate support within existing resources of the Department to ensure the sustained maintenance of the Department's information technology facilities, the implementation of the global information technology initiative and the provision of quality conference services;", "Requests the Secretary-General to consult Member States on initiatives affecting the utilization of conference services and conference facilities;", "Global integrated management", "Takes note of the progress made in the implementation of the global information technology project for conference management and documentation-processing systems at all duty stations, as well as the integrated approach to intersectoral standardization of conference services and information technology and sharing good practices and technical results at the four main duty stations;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts of the Secretary-General to utilize internal capacity to improve the utilization of conference services, in particular through the implementation of the e-conference planning and resource allocation system (e-Meets) and the assignment of interpreters (e-APG module), [6], and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on other efforts made to that end;", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the global document management project (“item 3”),6 and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Takes note of the initiatives undertaken in integrated global management aimed at streamlining procedures, achieving economies of scale and improving the quality of conference services, and stresses in this regard the importance of ensuring the equal treatment of conference services personnel at four main duty stations and the principle of peer-level work;", "Emphasizes that the primary objective of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management is to provide quality documents and quality conference services to Member States in all official languages, in accordance with established regulations, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and to achieve those goals in an efficient and balanced manner as possible;", "Notes that the pool of professional talents in the languages of the duty stations is uneven in terms of the language portfolio, and requests the Secretary-General to develop recruitment, subcontracting and outreach policies based on the full consideration of these differences;", "Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that language services are treated equally and provided with equal favourable working conditions and resources in order to maximize the quality of language services, in full respect for the respective characteristics of the six official languages and taking into account their respective workloads;", "Reaffirms the need for the Secretary-General to ensure that the technologies used at all duty stations are mutually compatible and that such technologies are accessible in all official languages;", "Also reaffirms that the satisfaction of Member States is a key performance indicator for conference management and conference services;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management has taken measures to seek the evaluation of the quality of conference services provided by Member States as a key performance indicator of the Department, giving Member States equal opportunity to present an evaluation in the six official languages of the United Nations, in full compliance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Assembly through the Committee on Conferences on the progress made in that regard;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore best practices and technologies for user satisfaction evaluation and to report regularly to the General Assembly on results achieved;", "Welcomes the efforts of the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management to seek the evaluation of the quality of conference services provided by Member States, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to explore innovative ways to systematically collect and analyse feedback from Member States and chairpersons and secretaries on the quality of conference services and to report thereon to the Assembly through the Committee on Conferences;", "Requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly informed of progress made in integrated global management;", "Notes with concern that the Secretary-General has not reported in his report on the pattern of conferences pursuant to section III, paragraph 4, of General Assembly resolution 63/248, section III, paragraph 12 of resolution 64/2230 and section III, paragraph 14, of its resolution 63/248. Takes note of the progress made in the implementation of the post-global integrated management project and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to redouble his efforts to include this information in his next report on the pattern of conferences;", "Takes note of the work described in paragraph 25 of the report of the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to assess the efficiency and accountability mechanisms for the management of meetings at the four main duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Also takes note of the “Flex-time” pilot project initiated by the United Nations Office at Vienna, stresses that the United Nations rules and regulations on human resources issues should be uniformly applied to the full implementation of the pilot project, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the evaluation of the pilot project, including recommendations on whether the project should continue to be implemented at the United Nations Office at Vienna and further implementation at other duty stations;", "Takes note of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions3 Paragraph 11, welcoming the use of neighbouring rules as an effective rate of service for meetings held outside the duty station when feasible, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to apply the neighbouring rules strictly to the applicable meetings without compromising the quality of services, and to report thereon to the Committee on Conferences at its substantive session of 2012;", "Documentation and publication-related matters", "Emphasizes the importance of equality in the six official languages of the United Nations;", "Reaffirms its decision, in section IV of its resolution 64/2230, that all reports adopted by the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review shall be issued in all official languages of the United Nations, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 36/117A of 10 December 1981, 51/211 A to E of 10 December 1981, 52/214, 53/208 A to E and 59/265, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the necessary support for that purpose and to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Reiterates its concern at the request of the Secretary-General to ensure that, in accordance with section III, paragraph 5, of General Assembly resolution 55/222, the provisions of the documents of the Conference are strictly adhered to in all six official languages with regard to the simultaneous distribution of documents in printed form and in the Official Document System and the United Nations website;", "Reaffirms that the Fifth Committee is the Main Committee of the General Assembly entrusted with the administration and budgetary matters;", "Stresses that matters relating to conference management, including documentation, fall within the purview of the Fifth Committee;", "Reaffirms the importance of the timely issuance of the documentation required by the Fifth Committee;", "Acknowledges the need for a multi-pronged approach to address the long-standing difficulties in the issuance of the documentation required by the Fifth Committee;", "Acknowledges the efforts made by the Intergovernmental Task Force on Documentation chaired by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management to address actively the problems arising in the issuance of documents for the Fifth Committee;", "Encourages the Chairman of the Fifth Committee and the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions to continue to promote cooperation between the two bodies in the area of documentation;", "Welcomes the continued efforts of the Task Force to oversee the submission of documents by the Secretariat's documentation;", "Notes that, during informal consultations of the Fifth Committee, the Secretariat provided accurate, timely and consistent information to it in order to contribute to the Commission's decision-making process;", "Notes with satisfaction that, within four weeks, the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management addresses all timely submissions within the limits and encourages the Secretary-General to maintain this performance level;", "Reaffirms the decision contained in section III, paragraph 9, of its resolution 59/265 that documentation on planning, budgetary and administrative matters requiring urgent consideration by the General Assembly shall be issued as a matter of priority in all six official languages;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to entrust the departments of the Secretariat with the following elements in their reports:", "(a) A summary of the report;", "(b) Comprehensive conclusions, recommendations and other proposed actions;", "(c) Relevant background information;", "Also reiterates its request that the conclusions and recommendations of all documents submitted by the Secretariat, intergovernmental bodies and expert bodies to the legislative organs for their consideration and action be printed in part in boldness;", "Notes with concern the fact that only 52 per cent of the documentation development sector has achieved 90 per cent compliance in the timely submission of reports to the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, and requests the Secretary-General to implement the time-slot system more rigorously through a dedicated unit, such as the Interdepartmental Task Force on Documentation, and to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Urges the author of the document to fully comply with the deadlines and achieve the 90 per cent compliance rate for the submission of documents, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that late submissions do not affect the issuance of documents submitted on time in accordance with established guidelines;", "Reaffirms its request in section IV, paragraph 16, of resolution 845, that the Secretary-General be requested to clarify the procedure for immunity of submission of documents over word limits;", "Welcomes the interaction between the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management and the various documentation-making departments on the management of immunity, requests the Secretary-General to ensure continuous efforts in this regard and to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Notes that the workload-sharing role in the context of global document management remains minimal, and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to promote workload sharing among the four duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Emphasizes the role of Member States and their intergovernmental bodies in determining the management policy of the Conference;", "Stresses that proposals for amendments to such policies must be approved by Member States in relevant intergovernmental bodies;", "Takes note of the concept of “section paper conference”, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly on a detailed definition of this emerging concept and to identify appropriate technologies for effective implementation, including technical benchmarks and procurement needs, business continuity plans, human resources implications and training needs at four duty stations, bearing in mind documentation and data security and the need for proper archiving;", "Requests the Secretary-General to include in his report requested in paragraph 23 above the lessons learned from meetings that will be piloted by the full agreement of the relevant intergovernmental bodies;", "Takes note of the official documentation system as the official United Nations statistical repository;", "Requests the Secretary-General to finalize, as a matter of priority, the work of all important United Nations documents on the United Nations website in all six official languages, in order to enable Member States to obtain such archives through the medium;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on a detailed time frame for digitization of all important United Nations documents, including United Nations conference documents, and options for expediting the process within existing resources;", "Takes note of the pilot project undertaken by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, as a cost-saving measure, in the six official languages of the United Nations at Vienna;", "Emphasizes that further expansion of this measure requires consideration by the General Assembly, including consideration of the legal, financial and human resources implications, in full compliance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and to evaluate the above-mentioned pilot projects;", "Translation and interpretation-related matters", "Requests the Secretary-General to redouble his efforts to ensure that all interpretation and translation services in all six official languages meet the highest quality standards;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to seek the evaluation of the quality of conference services provided by Member States, including through the holding of two annual meetings of exchange of language information, and to ensure that such measures give Member States equal opportunity to present an evaluation in the six official languages of the United Nations, in full compliance with relevant General Assembly resolutions;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that the terms of translation and interpretation reflect the latest language norms and terminology in the official languages in order to ensure the highest quality;", "Reaffirms section V, paragraph 4, of its resolution 845, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in recruiting temporary language service personnel, including, where appropriate, the use of international or local contracts, to ensure that all language services are treated equally and provided with equal favourable working conditions and resources in order to maximize the quality of language services, with full respect for the respective characteristics of the six official languages and taking into account their respective workloads;", "Notes with appreciation the measures taken by the Secretariat to fill existing vacancies in the language services of the United Nations Office at Nairobi, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to consider further measures to reduce the vacancy rate in Nairobi, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Requests the Secretary-General to hold early competitive examinations for the recruitment of language staff and to fill existing vacancies and future vacancies in the language services and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to improve quality in translation into the six official languages, with particular emphasis on the accuracy of translation;", "Further requests the Secretary-General to increase the proportion of contractual translations with a view to, inter alia, further enhancing efficiency, but the final products arising from this delivery approach are to be comparable to the quality of internal translation and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to provide all duty stations with adequate and appropriate staff at the level to ensure adequate quality control of external translation, with due regard to the principle of peer-level work;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the lessons learned and best practices of major duty stations in relation to quality control of outsource translations, including the number and appropriate levels of staff required to perform this function;", "Encourages the Secretary-General to establish a global standardized performance indicators and cost calculation model aimed at developing an internal strategy for processing documents that are more economical, and requests the Secretary-General to provide such information to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Takes note with appreciation of the measures taken by the Secretary-General to address issues relating to the replacement of staff in the language sector, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions, and requests the Secretary-General to maintain and intensify those efforts, including through enhanced cooperation with the specialized talent training institutions in the language, in order to meet the needs of the six official languages of the United Nations;", "Notes the need for robust measures to avoid interference with the lack of candidates and turnover rates in the field of language occupation, and requests the Secretary-General to use appropriate means to improve interns programmes, including in partnership with relevant organizations, and to promote the official languages of the United Nations;", "Further notes that recent efforts have resulted in two memorandums of understanding with the University of Africa, which have not yet been signed with Latin American institutions;", "Requests the Secretary-General to make further concerted efforts to promote outreach programmes, such as internships and internships, and to use innovative ways to promote such programmes, including partnerships with Member States, relevant international organizations and regional language institutions, in particular to fill the significant gaps in Africa and Latin America, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Requests the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, in cooperation with the Office of Human Resources Management, to continue to make further efforts to promote opportunities for employment and interns in the language services in the four main duty stations;", "Notes with appreciation the positive experience of the practice at Headquarters and at the United Nations Office at Vienna, which contribute to the training and attraction of young professionals in United Nations translation and interpretation, while strengthening the pool of qualified language professionals essential for succession planning, and requests the Secretary-General to further develop this initiative to extend it to all duty stations and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Takes note of the fact that, according to the Security Council Sanctions Committee, the consolidated list of persons and entities subject to sanctions has not been translated into all six official languages, and reiterates its recommendation that the informal working group on documents of the Security Council and other procedural questions further study the practices related to the issuance, including the translation of these consolidated lists, and requests the Secretary-General to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 32 (A/66/32).", "[2] A/64/218 and Corr.1.", "[3] A/63/397.", "[4] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 32 (A/66/32), annex II.", "[5] ST/AI/416.", "[6] See A/63/119 and Corr.1, section II.B." ]

[ "2011年12月24日大会决议", "[根据第五委员会的报告(A/66/627)通过]", "66/234. 人力资源管理", "大会，", "回顾其1994年12月23日第49/222A号和1995年7月20日第49/222B号、1997年4月3日第51/226号、1997年12月22日第52/219号、1998年9月8日第52/252号、1999年4月7日第53/221号、2001年6月14日第55/258号、2003年4月15日第57/305号、2004年12月23日第59/266号、2005年9月16日第60/1号、2005年12月23日第60/238号、2006年5月8日第60/254号、2006年5月8日第60/260号、2006年12月22日第61/244号决议、2007年12月22日第62/238号决议第二十一节、2008年4月3日第62/248号、2008年12月24日第63/250号、2009年4月7日第63/271号和2010年12月24日第65/247号决议及其2009年12月22日第64/546号和2009年12月24日第64/548A号决定，", "又回顾其1998年3月31日第52/226A和B号、1999年10月29日第54/14号、2004年6月18日第58/296号、2005年4月13日第59/287号、2006年6月30日第60/266号、2006年12月22日第61/246号决议、2007年6月29日第61/276号决议第八节和2008年6月20日第62/269号决议以及其他相关决议和决定，", "审议了秘书长就人力资源管理提交大会的相关报告[1] 以及行政和预算问题咨询委员会的有关报告，[2]", "又审议了联合检查组关于联合国系统各组织机构间工作人员流动和工作－生活平衡兼顾问题的报告[3] 以及秘书长的说明，[4] 其中转递他本人和联合国系统行政首长协调理事会对报告的评论意见，", "重申联合国工作人员是联合国的宝贵资产，赞扬他们为促进联合国的宗旨和原则所作出的贡献，", "强调联合国的人力资源管理改革至关重要，它有助于加强国际公务员制度，", "1. 认可行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告² 所载结论和建议，但以符合本决议的规定为前提；", "2. 表示严重关切在按照《联合国宪章》第一百零一条第三项的规定实现联合国系统内、特别是高级别和决策级别的男女比例达到50/50的目标方面进展缓慢；", "3. 再请秘书长加大努力，实现秘书处内尤其是高级别人员中男女人数均等的目标，并监测其实施情况，为此确保妇女，特别是来自发展中国家和经济转型国家的妇女在秘书处内有适当的任职人数，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "4. 重申秘书长必须按照《宪章》第一百零一条第三项的规定，在雇用工作人员时确保以效率、胜任能力和诚信之最高标准为首要考虑，并适当顾及公平地域分配原则；", "5. 再次请秘书长继续努力，确保在秘书处实现公平的地域分配，并确保秘书处各部厅和包括主任级及以上职等的各级工作人员的地域来源尽可能广泛，在此重申第65/247号决议第64段所载的要求；", "6. 促请秘书长确保按照既定征聘程序征聘候选人，包括为此使用已由青年专业人员方案取代的国家竞争性征聘考试名册；", "7. 回顾行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告[5] 第7段，请秘书长处理须按照地域幅度制度分配的大量员额由不具有地域身份的工作人员任职的问题；", "8. 强调指出除例外情况之外，秘书长不应采用以没有通过一般事务晋升专业职类考试的一般事务工作人员临时填补专业及以上职类员额的做法，请秘书长确保自2013年1月1日起，此类员额由一般事务工作人员临时任职的期间不得超过一年，并就此从第六十七届会议开始每两年向大会提出报告，包括说明此种做法的理由；", "9. 表示注意到上文第7段提及的行政和预算问题咨询委员会报告的第8段，重申第65/247号决议第七节，并期待秘书长将向大会第六十七届会议提交的关于人力资源管理的报告，其中除其他外应包括关于该决议执行情况的详情；", "10. 欢迎启动名为“HR Insight”的在线报告工具，请秘书长确保该门户提供的信息得到系统编制和定期更新；", "11. 请秘书长在其将提交大会第六十七届会议主要会期的关于道德操守办公室活动的报告中提供资料，说明其处理和减少个人利益冲突的努力，并请秘书长为此建议措施，诸如将财务披露方案和离职后限制扩及其他工作人员职类；", "12. 决定将工作人员条例1.2（m）修订为：", "“当通过行为或不行为，工作人员的个人利益对其公务或职责的履行或者对该工作人员的国际公务员身份所需的正直、独立和公正造成干扰时，即发生利益冲突。当出现实际或可能的利益冲突时，该冲突应由工作人员向其部门首长作出披露，并由本组织加以缓解，以有利于本组织利益的方式加以解决”；", "13. 欣见道德操守办公室为执行财务披露方案作出重大努力，请秘书长确保工作人员充分履行财务披露要求；", "14. 决定在2012－2013两年期经常预算分配给道德操守办公室的3 880 100美元内匀支用于开发信息技术平台的398 300美元；", "15. 认识到联合检查组的工作，在这方面表示注意到联检组关于联合国系统各组织机构间工作人员流动和工作－生活平衡兼顾问题的报告；³", "16. 请秘书长作为联合国系统行政首长协调理事会主席加快关于组织间流动的机构间协定订正版的完成工作，并确保联合国共同制度所有组织利用该协定；", "17. 回顾其2010年12月24日第65/248号决议C节第13段；", "18. 又回顾其第65/247号决议第二节第34段，期待在第六十七届会议上审议关于流动政策的全面提议。", "2011年12月24日", "第93次全体会议", "[1] A/65/213、A/66/98、A/66/135、A/66/319及Corr.1和A/66/347。", "[2] A/65/537，第七节和A/66/511及Corr.1。", "[3] 见A/66/355。", "[4] A/66/355/Add.1。", "[5] A/66/511和Corr.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/66/627)]", "66/234. Human resources management", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 49/222 A and B of 23 December 1994 and 20 July 1995, 51/226 of 3 April 1997, 52/219 of 22 December 1997, 52/252 of 8 September 1998, 53/221 of 7 April 1999, 55/258 of 14 June 2001, 57/305 of 15 April 2003, 59/266 of 23 December 2004, 60/1 of 16 September 2005, 60/238 of 23 December 2005, 60/254 of 8 May 2006, 60/260 of 8 May 2006, 61/244 of 22 December 2006, 62/238, section XXI, of 22 December 2007, 62/248 of 3 April 2008, 63/250 of 24 December 2008, 63/271 of 7 April 2009 and 65/247 of 24 December 2010, and its decisions 64/546 of 22 December 2009 and 64/548 A of 24 December 2009,", "Recalling also its resolutions 52/226 A and B of 31 March 1998, 54/14 of 29 October 1999, 58/296 of 18 June 2004, 59/287 of 13 April 2005, 60/266 of 30 June 2006, 61/246 of 22 December 2006, 61/276, section VIII, of 29 June 2007 and 62/269 of 20 June 2008, as well as its other relevant resolutions and decisions,", "Having considered the relevant reports of the Secretary-General on human resources management submitted to the General Assembly[1] and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,[2]", "Having also considered the report of the Joint Inspection Unit on inter-agency staff mobility and work-life balance in the organizations of the United Nations system,[3] as well as the note by the Secretary-General transmitting his comments and those of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination thereon,[4]", "Reaffirming that the staff of the United Nations is an invaluable asset of the Organization, and commending its contribution to furthering the purposes and principles of the United Nations,", "Emphasizing the fundamental importance of human resources management reform in the United Nations as a contribution to the strengthening of the international civil service,", "1. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations contained in the reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,² subject to the provisions of the present resolution;", "2. Expresses serious concern that progress towards the goal of 50/50 gender balance in the United Nations system, especially at senior and policymaking levels, in conformity with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, has been slow;", "3. Reiterates its requests to the Secretary-General to increase his efforts to attain and monitor the goal of gender parity in the Secretariat, in particular at senior levels, and in this context to ensure that women, especially those from developing countries and countries with economies in transition, are appropriately represented within the Secretariat, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session;", "4. Reiterates that the Secretary-General has to ensure that the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity serve as the paramount consideration in the employment of staff, with due regard to the principle of equitable geographical distribution, in accordance with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter;", "5. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue his ongoing efforts to ensure the attainment of equitable geographical distribution in the Secretariat and to also ensure as wide a geographical distribution of staff as possible in all departments, offices and levels, including at the Director and higher levels, of the Secretariat, and in that regard reiterates its request contained in paragraph 64 of resolution 65/247;", "6. Urges the Secretary-General to ensure that the recruitment of candidates is carried out in accordance with the established recruitment procedures, including through the use of the national competitive recruitment examination roster, which has been replaced by the young professionals programme;", "7. Recalls paragraph 7 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,[5] and requests the Secretary-General to address the problem of the high number of posts subject to the system of geographical ranges not encumbered by staff having geographical status;", "8. Stresses that the Secretary-General should not recur to the practice of temporarily filling posts in the Professional and higher categories with General Service staff members who have not passed the General Service to Professional category examination other than on an exceptional basis, and requests the Secretary‑General to ensure that temporary occupation of such posts by the General Service staff shall not exceed a period of one year, effective 1 January 2013, and to report thereon, including on the rationale for such practice, to the General Assembly every two years, starting at its sixty-seventh session;", "9. Takes note of paragraph 8 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions referred to in paragraph 7 above, reiterates section VII of resolution 65/247, and looks forward to the report of the Secretary‑General on human resources management, which should include, inter alia, details on the implementation of that resolution, to be submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "10. Welcomes the launch of the online reporting tool entitled “HR Insight”, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the information provided on the portal is systematically developed and periodically updated;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General, in the context of his report on the activities of the Ethics Office to be submitted during the main part of the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, to provide information on his efforts to address and mitigate personal conflicts of interest, and in this regard requests him to propose measures such as the extension to other staff categories of the financial disclosure programme and post‑employment restrictions;", "12. Decides that staff regulation 1.2 (m) shall be amended to read:", "“A conflict of interest occurs when, by act or omission, a staff member’s personal interests interfere with the performance of his or her official duties and responsibilities or with the integrity, independence and impartiality required by the staff member’s status as an international civil servant. When an actual or possible conflict of interest does arise, the conflict shall be disclosed by staff members to their head of office, mitigated by the Organization and resolved in favour of the interests of the Organization”;", "13. Welcomes the significant efforts made by the Ethics Office towards the implementation of the financial disclosure programme, and requests the Secretary‑General to ensure full compliance by staff in fulfilling their financial disclosure requirements;", "14. Decides to absorb the amount of 398,300 United States dollars for the development of the information technology platform within the amount of 3,880,100 dollars allocated to the Ethics Office in the regular budget for the biennium 2012–2013;", "15. Recognizes the work of the Joint Inspection Unit, and in this regard takes note of the report of the Unit on inter-agency staff mobility and work-life balance in the organizations of the United Nations system;³", "16. Requests the Secretary-General, in his capacity as Chair of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, to expedite the conclusion of a revised version of the inter-agency agreement on inter-organization movement and to ensure its utilization by all organizations of the United Nations common system;", "17. Recalls section C, paragraph 13, of its resolution 65/248 of 24 December 2010;", "18. Also recalls section II, paragraph 34, of its resolution 65/247, and looks forward to its consideration of a comprehensive proposal on a mobility policy at its sixty-seventh session.", "93rd plenary meeting 24 December 2011", "[1]  A/65/213, A/66/98, A/66/135, A/66/319 and Corr.1 and A/66/347.", "[2]  A/65/537, sect. VII, and A/66/511 and Corr.1.", "[3]  See A/66/355.", "[4]  A/66/355/Add.1.", "[5]  A/66/511 and Corr.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2011", "[on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/64/227)]", "Human resources management", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 49/222 A of 23 December 1994 and 49/222 B of 20 July 1995, 51/226 of 3 April 1997, 52/219 of 22 December 1997, 52/252 of 8 September 1998, 53/221 of 7 April 1999, 55/258 of 14 June 2001, 57/305 of 15 April 2003, 59/266 of 23 December 2004, 61/238 of 16 September 2005, 61/254 of 22 May 2006, 62/246 of 22 May 2006, 61/254 of 23 May 2006, 61/266 of 23 December 2008, 61/247 of 23 May 2006, 61/254 of 23 May 2006, 61/254 of 8 December 2006, 61/254 of 23 May 2006, 61/254 of 22 December 2006, 61/254 of 18 December 2008, 61/254 of 23 May 2009 and 62/254 of 22 December 2008,", "Recalling also its resolutions 52/226 A and B of 31 March 1998, 54/4 of 29 October 1999, 58/296 of 18 June 2004, 59/287 of 13 April 2005, 60/266 of 30 June 2006, 61/246 of 22 December 2006, 61/276 of 29 June 2007 and 62/269 of 20 June 2008, and other relevant resolutions and decisions,", "Having considered the relevant report of the Secretary-General on human resources management to the General Assembly and the related report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, [2]", "Having also considered the report of the Joint Inspection Unit on the mobility and work-life balance of inter-agency staff in the United Nations system organizations [3] and the note by the Secretary-General transmitting his own and United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination comments on the report,", "Reaffirming the valuable assets of the United Nations staff and commending their contributions to the promotion of the purposes and principles of the United Nations,", "Emphasizing that the human resources management reform of the United Nations is essential and that it strengthens the international civil service,", "Endorses the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,2 subject to the provisions of the present resolution;", "Expresses grave concern at the slow progress made towards achieving the goal of 50/50 gender representation within the United Nations system, in particular at the high-level and decision-making levels, in accordance with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts to achieve the goal of parity among women and men in the Secretariat, in particular high-level personnel, and to monitor their implementation, in order to ensure that women, in particular those from developing countries and countries with economies in transition, are properly represented in the Secretariat and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Reaffirms the importance of ensuring that the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity are paramount in the hiring of staff, in accordance with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter, and taking due account of the principle of equitable geographical distribution;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to ensure equitable geographical distribution in the Secretariat and to ensure the widest possible geographical representation of all departments and offices of the Secretariat, including those at the Director level and above, and, in this regard, reiterates the request contained in paragraph 64 of resolution 63/247;", "Urges the Secretary-General to ensure that candidates are recruited in accordance with established recruitment procedures, including through the use of national competitive recruitment examinations that have been replaced by the Youth Professional Programme;", "Recalls paragraph 7 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, and requests the Secretary-General to address the issue of the high number of posts subject to geographical distribution in accordance with the system of geographical scales;", "Stresses that, in addition to exceptional circumstances, the Secretary-General should not use the temporary filling of posts in the Professional and higher categories of General Service staff who have not been promoted through the General Service Professional category examinations, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that, as of 1 January 2013, such posts should not exceed one year for temporary service by General Service staff and to report thereon to the General Assembly every two years, including the reasons for such practices, beginning at its sixty-seventh session;", "Takes note of paragraph 8 of the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions referred to in paragraph 7 above, reiterates section VII of resolution 38/47 and looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General on human resources management to be submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, including, inter alia, details on the implementation of the resolution;", "Welcomes the launch of the online reporting tool entitled “HR Insight”, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the information provided by the portal is systematically developed and regularly updated;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide, in his report on the activities of the Ethics Office to be submitted to the General Assembly at the main part of its sixty-seventh session, information on its efforts to address and reduce conflicts of personal interest, and requests the Secretary-General, in this regard, to recommend measures such as the extension of financial disclosure programmes and post-employment restrictions to other categories of staff;", "Decides to amend staff regulation 1.2 (m) as follows:", "“Any conflict of interest arises when the personal interests of the staff are performed by their official duties or duties or when the integrity, independence and impartiality required for the international civil service status of the staff member arise. When there is a real or potential conflict of interest, the conflict shall be disclosed by staff to its heads of departments and shall be alleviated by the Organization in a manner conducive to the interests of the Organization;", "Welcomes the significant efforts made by the Ethics Office to implement the financial disclosure programme, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that staff fully discharge their financial disclosure requirements;", "Decides to apportion among the regular budget for the biennium 2012-2013 the amount of $3,880,100 for the development of information technology platforms for the biennium 2012-2013;", "Recognizes the work of the Joint Inspection Unit, and in this regard takes note of the report of the Unit on the mobility and work-life balance of inter-agency staff in the United Nations system organizations;3", "Requests the Secretary-General, as Chairman of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, to expedite the completion of the revised edition of the inter-agency agreement on inter-organization flows and to ensure that all organizations of the United Nations common system use the agreement;", "Recalls paragraph 13 of section C of its resolution 9848 of 24 December 2010;", "Recalling also paragraph 34 of section II of its resolution 63/247, and looking forward to the consideration at its sixty-seventh session of a comprehensive proposal on mobility policies.", "24 December 2011", "93rd plenary meeting", "A/63/3213, A/66/98, Aster 35, Abol19 and Corr.1 and A/63/347.", "[2] A/65/537, sect. VII and A/66/511 and Corr.1.", "[3] See Alain55.", "[4] AgentAdd.1.", "[5] A/66/511 and Corr.1." ]