Datasets:

bnsapa

/

cybersecurity-ner

like 1

[ "]", "64", "[", "." ]

[ 5, 5, 5, 5 ]

[ "]", "114", "[", "." ]

[ 5, 5, 5, 5 ]

[ "]", "147", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", ":", "Android", "Trojan", "targets", "security-seekers", "A", "malicious", ",", "counterfeit", "version", "of", "a", "VPN", "client", "for", "mobile", "devices", "targets", "security-minded", "victims", "with", "a", "RAT", "." ]

[ 5, 5, 1, 6, 6, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Written", "by", "Jagadeesh", "Chandraiah", "JULY", "23", ",", "2018", "SophosLabs", "has", "uncovered", "a", "mobile", "malware", "distribution", "campaign", "that", "uses", "advertising", "placement", "to", "distribute", "the", "Red", "Alert", "Trojan", ",", "linking", "counterfeit", "branding", "of", "well-known", "apps", "to", "Web", "pages", "that", "deliver", "an", "updated", ",", "2.0", "version", "of", "this", "bank", "credential", "thief", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "group", "distributing", "this", "family", "of", "malware", "decorates", "it", "in", "the", "branding", "and", "logos", "of", "well-known", "social", "media", "or", "media", "player", "apps", ",", "system", "update", "patches", ",", "or", "(", "in", "its", "most", "recent", "campaign", ")", "VPN", "client", "apps", "in", "an", "attempt", "to", "lure", "users", "into", "downloading", ",", "installing", ",", "and", "elevating", "the", "privileges", "of", "a", "Trojanized", "app", "hosted", "on", "a", "site", "not", "affiliated", "with", "any", "reputable", "app", "market", "or", "store", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Aside", "from", "the", "inescapable", "irony", "of", "disguising", "a", "security-reducing", "Trojan", "as", "an", "ostensibly", "security-enhancing", "app", ",", "and", "the", "righteous", "affront", "to", "the", "whole", "concept", "of", "a", "VPN", "’", "s", "purpose", "a", "Trojan", "so", "disguised", "inspires", ",", "this", "represents", "an", "escalation", "in", "the", "variety", "of", "app", "types", "targeted", "by", "this", "campaign", "of", "bankbots", "in", "disguise", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Red", "Alert", "Plays", "Dress-Up", "In", "the", "wild", ",", "we", "found", "Web", "pages", "designed", "to", "(", "vaguely", ")", "resemble", "legitimate", "app", "market", "pages", ",", "hosting", "files", "for", "download", "that", "have", "been", "disguised", "as", "a", "legitimate", "mobile", "application", "of", "moderately", "broad", "appeal", ",", "such", "as", "a", "media", "player", "or", "social", "media", "app", "." ]

[ 1, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "But", "the", "categories", "targeted", "by", "this", "group", "seem", "to", "be", "broadening", "with", "the", "inclusion", "of", "VPN", "software", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "Web", "page", "shown", "here", "on", "the", "left", "is", "hosted", "on", "a", "domain", "that", "seems", "apt", ":", "free-vpn", "[", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 5 ]

[ "]", "download", "." ]

[ 5, 5, 10 ]

[ "Investigation", "of", "this", "domain", "led", "to", "additional", "domains", "that", "appear", "to", "have", "been", "registered", "for", "use", "with", "the", "campaign", ",", "but", "are", "not", "in", "use", "yet", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "(", "You", "can", "find", "additional", "IoCs", "at", "the", "end", "of", "this", "article", ")", "As", "you", "can", "see", ",", "the", "Web", "page", "uses", "a", "similar", "colour", "scheme", "as", ",", "and", "the", "icon", "design", "from", ",", "a", "legitimate", "VPN", "application", "(", "VPN", "Proxy", "Master", ")", "found", "on", "the", "Google", "Play", "store", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 10 ]

[ "The", "fake", "doesn", "’", "t", "quite", "nail", "the", "app", "name", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "In", "addition", "to", "“", "Free", "VPN", "Master", "Android", ",", "”", "we", "’", "ve", "observed", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "Trojans", "in", "the", "wild", "disguising", "themselves", "using", "names", "like", ":", "Flash", "Player", "or", "Update", "Flash", "Player", "Android", "Update", "or", "Android", "Antivirus", "Chrome", "Update", "or", "Google", "Update", "Update", "Google", "Market", "WhatsApp", "Viber", "OneCoin", "Wallet", "Pornhub", "Tactic", "FlashLight", "or", "PROFlashLight", "Finanzonline", "The", "vast", "majority", "of", "in-the-wild", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "samples", "falsely", "present", "themselves", "as", "Adobe", "Flash", "player", "for", "Android", ",", "a", "utility", "that", "Adobe", "stopped", "supporting", "years", "ago", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 8, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 3, 8, 8, 3, 3, 3, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Our", "logs", "show", "a", "number", "of", "simultaneous", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "campaigns", "in", "operation", ",", "many", "(", "but", "not", "all", ")", "hosted", "on", "dynamic", "DNS", "domains", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "Red", "Alert", "Payload", "Once", "installed", ",", "the", "malware", "requests", "Device", "Administrator", "privileges", "." ]

[ 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "If", "the", "malware", "obtains", "device", "administrator", "rights", ",", "it", "will", "be", "able", "to", "lock", "the", "screen", "by", "itself", ",", "expire", "the", "password", ",", "and", "resist", "being", "uninstalled", "through", "normal", "methods", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Device", "admin", "request", "from", "app", "that", "says", "it", "is", "WhatsApp", "The", "app", "then", "stays", "in", "the", "background", "listening", "to", "commands", "from", "the", "cybercrooks", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Within", "some", "of", "the", "first", "of", "those", "commands", ",", "the", "bot", "typically", "receives", "a", "list", "of", "banks", "it", "will", "target", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "Trojan", "works", "by", "creating", "an", "overlay", "whenever", "the", "user", "launches", "the", "banking", "application", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Currently", "Running", "Applications", "Banking", "Trojans", "that", "rely", "on", "the", "overlay", "mechanism", "to", "steal", "information", "need", "to", "know", "what", "application", "is", "in", "the", "foreground", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "They", "do", "this", "not", "only", "to", "identify", "whether", "the", "use", "of", "a", "particular", "app", "may", "permit", "them", "to", "harvest", "another", "credential", ",", "but", "also", "because", "each", "targeted", "app", "needs", "to", "have", "an", "overlay", "mapped", "to", "its", "design", ",", "so", "the", "Trojan", "can", "intercept", "and", "steal", "user", "data", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "quest", "to", "determine", "the", "currently", "running", "application", "is", "a", "hallmark", "of", "overlay", "malware", ",", "so", "we", "thought", "we", "’", "d", "take", "a", "closer", "look", "at", "how", "it", "’", "s", "done", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "To", "prevent", "this", ",", "Android", "’", "s", "engineers", "regularly", "release", "updates", "that", "contain", "bug", "fixes", "designed", "to", "prevent", "apps", "from", "getting", "the", "list", "of", "currently", "running", "apps", "without", "explicit", "permission", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "With", "every", "Android", "update", ",", "the", "malware", "authors", "are", "forced", "to", "come", "up", "with", "new", "tricks", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "particular", "case", "is", "not", "an", "exception", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "author", "(", "s", ")", "of", "this", "malware", "wrote", "separate", "subroutines", "that", "identify", "the", "operating", "system", "version", "and", "fire", "off", "methods", "to", "obtain", "a", "list", "of", "currently", "running", "applications", "known", "to", "work", "on", "that", "particular", "version", "of", "Android", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10 ]

[ "First", ",", "they", "use", "the", "built-in", "toolbox", "commands", "to", "determine", "what", "apps", "are", "running", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "If", "that", "doesn", "’", "t", "work", ",", "they", "try", "to", "use", "queryUsageStats", ":", "When", "the", "malware", "invokes", "queryUsageStats", ",", "it", "asks", "for", "the", "list", "of", "applications", "that", "ran", "in", "the", "last", "1", "million", "milliseconds", "(", "16", "minutes", "and", "40", "seconds", ")", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "String", "Resources", "Used", "to", "Store", "App", "Data", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "stores", "its", "data", "in", "an", "atypical", "location", "(", "inside", "the", "Strings.xml", "file", "embedded", "in", "the", "app", ")", "to", "fetch", "its", "critical", "data", ",", "such", "as", "the", "C2", "address", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "com.dsufabunfzs.dowiflubs", "strings", "in", "the", "screenshot", "above", "refer", "to", "the", "internal", "name", "this", "particular", "malware", "was", "given", ",", "which", "in", "this", "case", "was", "randomized", "into", "alphabet", "salad", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "It", "’", "s", "been", "SophosLabs", "’", "observation", "that", "Red", "Alert", "Trojans", "usually", "have", "a", "randomized", "internal", "name", "like", "this", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "strings", "section", "of", "the", "app", "contains", "embedded", "command-and-control", "IP", "addresses", ",", "ports", ",", "and", "domain", "names", "in", "plaintext", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "It", "is", "an", "invaluable", "source", "of", "intelligence", "about", "a", "given", "campaign", "..", "The", "following", "snippet", "shows", "the", "location", "within", "the", "Trojan", "where", "it", "uses", "SQLite", "database", "commands", "to", "store", "and", "recall", "command-and-control", "addresses", ":", "Backdoor", "Commands", "The", "Red", "Alert", "code", "also", "contains", "an", "embedded", "list", "of", "commands", "the", "botmaster", "can", "send", "to", "the", "bot", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "malware", "can", "execute", "a", "variety", "of", "arbitrary", "commands", ",", "including", "(", "for", "example", ")", "intercepting", "or", "sending", "text", "messages", "without", "the", "user", "’", "s", "knowledge", ",", "obtaining", "a", "copy", "of", "the", "victim", "’", "s", "Address", "Book", ",", "or", "call", "or", "text", "message", "logs", ",", "or", "sending", "phone", "network", "feature", "codes", "(", "also", "known", "as", "USSD", "codes", ")", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "C2", "and", "Targeted", "Banks", "As", "described", "earlier", ",", "the", "C2", "domain", "is", "kept", "in", "the", "app", "’", "s", "resources", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "During", "the", "app", "execution", ",", "the", "malware", "contacts", "C2", "domain", "for", "further", "instructions", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Most", "of", "the", "network", "traffic", "we", "’", "ve", "observed", "is", "HTTP", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10 ]

[ "The", "C2", "address", ",", "as", "stored", "in", "samples", "we", "’", "ve", "seen", ",", "comprise", "both", "an", "IP", "address", "and", "port", "number", ";", "So", "far", ",", "all", "the", "samples", "we", "’", "ve", "tested", "attempted", "to", "contact", "an", "IP", "address", "on", "port", "7878/tcp", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 10 ]

[ "If", "the", "main", "C2", "domain", "is", "not", "responsive", ",", "the", "bot", "fetches", "a", "backup", "C2", "domain", "from", "a", "Twitter", "account", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10 ]

[ "Static", "analysis", "of", "the", "code", "reveals", "that", "the", "malware", "downloads", "the", "overlay", "template", "to", "use", "against", "any", "of", "the", "bank", "(", "s", ")", "it", "is", "targeting", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "malware", "also", "sends", "regular", "telemetry", "back", "to", "its", "C2", "server", "about", "the", "infected", "device", "in", "the", "form", "of", "an", "HTTP", "POST", "to", "its", "C2", "server", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "It", "uses", "the", "base", "Dalvik", "User-Agent", "string", "for", "the", "device", "it", "’", "s", "running", "on", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "content", "of", "the", "HTTP", "POST", "data", "is", "telemetry", "data", "in", "a", "json", "format", "about", "the", "device", "the", "malware", "is", "running", "on", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "list", "of", "banks", "targeted", "by", "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "includes", "NatWest", ",", "Barclays", ",", "Westpac", ",", "and", "Citibank", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "is", "a", "banking", "bot", "that", "is", "currently", "very", "active", "online", ",", "and", "presents", "a", "risk", "to", "Android", "devices", "." ]

[ 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "We", "expect", "to", "see", "more", "diversification", "in", "the", "social", "engineering", "lures", "this", "threat", "group", "employs", "as", "time", "goes", "on", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "So", "far", ",", "legitimate", "app", "stores", "appear", "to", "be", "this", "malware", "’", "s", "Achilles", "heel", ";", "disabling", "the", "installation", "of", "third-party", "apps", "has", "been", "an", "effective", "prevention", "measure", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Stick", "to", "Google", "Play", "and", "use", "VPN", "software", "from", "reputable", "vendors", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Sophos", "detects", "all", "the", "samples", "of", "this", "Trojan", "family", "as", "Andr/Banker-GWC", "and", "Andr/Spybot-A", "." ]

[ 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "In", "the", "wild", ",", "these", "are", "only", "distributed", "as", "a", "direct", "download", "from", "unofficial", "Web", "pages", "(", "“", "third-party", "”", "app", ")", "and", "not", "through", "legitimate", "app", "stores", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Red", "Alert", "2.0", "IoCs", "list", "C2", "addresses", "103.239.30.126:7878", "146.185.241.29:7878", "146.185.241.42:7878", "185.126.200.3:7878", "185.126.200.12:7878", "185.126.200.15:7878", "185.126.200.18:7878", "185.165.28.15:7878", "185.243.243.241:7878", "185.243.243.244:7878", "185.243.243.245:7878", "Domains", "Malware", "source", "Web", "hosts", "on", "167.99.176.61", ":", "free-androidvpn.date", "free-androidvpn.download", "free-androidvpn.online", "free-vpn.date", "free-vpn.download", "free-vpn.online", "Hashes", "22fcfce096392f085218c3a78dd0fa4be9e67ed725bce42b965a27725f671cf", "55292a4dde8727faad1c40c914cf1be9dfdcf4e67b515aa593bcd8d86e824372", "be92a751e5abbcd24151b509dbb4feb98ea46f367a99d6f86ed4a7c162461e31", "5c4d666cef84abc2a1ffd3b1060ef28fa3c6c3bb4fad1fa26db99350b41bea4c", "06081ab7faa729e33b9397a0e47548e75cbec3d43c50e6368e81d737552150a5", "753999cb19a4346042f973e30cf1158c44f2335ab65859d3bfa16bca4098e2ef", "As", "a", "result", "of", "a", "lot", "of", "hard", "work", "done", "by", "our", "security", "research", "teams", ",", "we", "revealed", "today", "a", "new", "and", "alarming", "malware", "campaign", "." ]

[ 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "attack", "campaign", ",", "named", "Gooligan", ",", "breached", "the", "security", "of", "over", "one", "million", "Google", "accounts", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "number", "continues", "to", "rise", "at", "an", "additional", "13,000", "breached", "devices", "each", "day", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Our", "research", "exposes", "how", "the", "malware", "roots", "infected", "devices", "and", "steals", "authentication", "tokens", "that", "can", "be", "used", "to", "access", "data", "from", "Google", "Play", ",", "Gmail", ",", "Google", "Photos", ",", "Google", "Docs", ",", "G", "Suite", ",", "Google", "Drive", ",", "and", "more", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Gooligan", "is", "a", "new", "variant", "of", "the", "Android", "malware", "campaign", "found", "by", "our", "researchers", "in", "the", "SnapPea", "app", "last", "year", "." ]

[ 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Check", "Point", "reached", "out", "to", "the", "Google", "Security", "team", "immediately", "with", "information", "on", "this", "campaign", "." ]

[ 2, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Our", "researchers", "are", "working", "closely", "with", "Google", "to", "investigate", "the", "source", "of", "the", "Gooligan", "campaign", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 10 ]

[ "“", "We", "’", "re", "appreciative", "of", "both", "Check", "Point", "’", "s", "research", "and", "their", "partnership", "as", "we", "’", "ve", "worked", "together", "to", "understand", "these", "issues", ",", "”", "said", "Adrian", "Ludwig", ",", "Google", "’", "s", "director", "of", "Android", "security", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10 ]

[ "“", "As", "part", "of", "our", "ongoing", "efforts", "to", "protect", "users", "from", "the", "Ghost", "Push", "family", "of", "malware", ",", "we", "’", "ve", "taken", "numerous", "steps", "to", "protect", "our", "users", "and", "improve", "the", "security", "of", "the", "Android", "ecosystem", "overall.", "”", "We", "are", "very", "encouraged", "by", "the", "statement", "Google", "shared", "with", "us", "addressing", "the", "issue", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "We", "have", "chosen", "to", "join", "forces", "to", "continue", "the", "investigation", "around", "Gooligan", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10 ]

[ "Google", "also", "stated", "that", "they", "are", "taking", "numerous", "steps", "including", "proactively", "notifying", "affected", "accounts", ",", "revoking", "affected", "tokens", "and", "deploying", "SafetyNet", "improvements", "to", "protect", "users", "from", "these", "apps", "in", "the", "future", "." ]

[ 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Who", "is", "affected", "?", "Gooligan", "potentially", "affects", "devices", "on", "Android", "4", "(", "Jelly", "Bean", ",", "KitKat", ")", "and", "5", "(", "Lollipop", ")", ",", "which", "is", "over", "74", "%", "of", "in-market", "devices", "today", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "About", "57", "%", "of", "these", "devices", "are", "located", "in", "Asia", "and", "about", "9", "%", "are", "in", "Europe", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "In", "our", "research", "we", "identified", "tens", "of", "fake", "applications", "that", "were", "infected", "with", "this", "malware", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "If", "you", "’", "ve", "downloaded", "one", "of", "the", "apps", "listed", "in", "Appendix", "A", ",", "below", ",", "you", "might", "be", "infected", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "You", "may", "review", "your", "application", "list", "in", "“", "Settings", "-", ">", "Apps", "”", ",", "if", "you", "find", "one", "of", "this", "applications", ",", "please", "consider", "downloading", "an", "antivirus", "product", "such", "as", "Check", "Point", "ZoneAlarm", "to", "check", "if", "you", "are", "indeed", "infected", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 7, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "We", "have", "noticed", "that", "hundreds", "of", "the", "email", "addresses", "are", "associated", "with", "enterprise", "accounts", "worldwide", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "How", "do", "you", "know", "if", "your", "Google", "account", "is", "breached", "?", "You", "can", "check", "if", "your", "account", "is", "compromised", "by", "accessing", "the", "following", "web", "site", "that", "we", "created", ":", "https", ":", "//gooligan.checkpoint.com/", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 5, 10 ]

[ "If", "your", "account", "has", "been", "breached", ",", "the", "following", "steps", "are", "required", ":", "A", "clean", "installation", "of", "an", "operating", "system", "on", "your", "mobile", "device", "is", "required", "(", "a", "process", "called", "“", "flashing", "”", ")", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "As", "this", "is", "a", "complex", "process", ",", "we", "recommend", "powering", "off", "your", "device", "and", "approaching", "a", "certified", "technician", ",", "or", "your", "mobile", "service", "provider", ",", "to", "request", "that", "your", "device", "be", "“", "re-flashed.", "”", "Change", "your", "Google", "account", "passwords", "immediately", "after", "this", "process", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "How", "do", "Android", "devices", "become", "infected", "?", "We", "found", "traces", "of", "the", "Gooligan", "malware", "code", "in", "dozens", "of", "legitimate-looking", "apps", "on", "third-party", "Android", "app", "stores", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "These", "stores", "are", "an", "attractive", "alternative", "to", "Google", "Play", "because", "many", "of", "their", "apps", "are", "free", ",", "or", "offer", "free", "versions", "of", "paid", "apps", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "However", ",", "the", "security", "of", "these", "stores", "and", "the", "apps", "they", "sell", "aren", "’", "t", "always", "verified", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Gooligan-infected", "apps", "can", "also", "be", "installed", "using", "phishing", "scams", "where", "attackers", "broadcast", "links", "to", "infected", "apps", "to", "unsuspecting", "users", "via", "SMS", "or", "other", "messaging", "services", "." ]

[ 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "How", "did", "Gooligan", "emerge", "?", "Our", "researchers", "first", "encountered", "Gooligan", "’", "s", "code", "in", "the", "malicious", "SnapPea", "app", "last", "year", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "At", "the", "time", "this", "malware", "was", "reported", "by", "several", "security", "vendors", ",", "and", "attributed", "to", "different", "malware", "families", "like", "Ghostpush", ",", "MonkeyTest", ",", "and", "Xinyinhe", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10, 10, 1, 10 ]

[ "By", "late", "2015", ",", "the", "malware", "’", "s", "creators", "had", "gone", "mostly", "silent", "until", "the", "summer", "of", "2016", "when", "the", "malware", "reappeared", "with", "a", "more", "complex", "architecture", "that", "injects", "malicious", "code", "into", "Android", "system", "processes", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "change", "in", "the", "way", "the", "malware", "works", "today", "may", "be", "to", "help", "finance", "the", "campaign", "through", "fraudulent", "ad", "activity", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "malware", "simulates", "clicks", "on", "app", "advertisements", "provided", "by", "legitimate", "ad", "networks", "and", "forces", "the", "app", "to", "install", "on", "a", "device", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "An", "attacker", "is", "paid", "by", "the", "network", "when", "one", "of", "these", "apps", "is", "installed", "successfully", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Logs", "collected", "by", "Check", "Point", "researchers", "show", "that", "every", "day", "Gooligan", "installs", "at", "least", "30,000", "apps", "fraudulently", "on", "breached", "devices", "or", "over", "2", "million", "apps", "since", "the", "campaign", "began", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 2, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "How", "does", "Gooligan", "work", "?", "The", "infection", "begins", "when", "a", "user", "downloads", "and", "installs", "a", "Gooligan-infected", "app", "on", "a", "vulnerable", "Android", "device", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Our", "research", "team", "has", "found", "infected", "apps", "on", "third-party", "app", "stores", ",", "but", "they", "could", "also", "be", "downloaded", "by", "Android", "users", "directly", "by", "tapping", "malicious", "links", "in", "phishing", "attack", "messages", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "After", "an", "infected", "app", "is", "installed", ",", "it", "sends", "data", "about", "the", "device", "to", "the", "campaign", "’", "s", "Command", "and", "Control", "(", "C", "&", "C", ")", "server", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Gooligan", "then", "downloads", "a", "rootkit", "from", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "that", "takes", "advantage", "of", "multiple", "Android", "4", "and", "5", "exploits", "including", "the", "well-known", "VROOT", "(", "CVE-2013-6282", ")", "and", "Towelroot", "(", "CVE-2014-3153", ")", "." ]

[ 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 4, 10, 4, 10, 10, 4, 10, 4, 10, 10 ]

[ "These", "exploits", "still", "plague", "many", "devices", "today", "because", "security", "patches", "that", "fix", "them", "may", "not", "be", "available", "for", "some", "versions", "of", "Android", ",", "or", "the", "patches", "were", "never", "installed", "by", "the", "user", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "If", "rooting", "is", "successful", ",", "the", "attacker", "has", "full", "control", "of", "the", "device", "and", "can", "execute", "privileged", "commands", "remotely", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "After", "achieving", "root", "access", ",", "Gooligan", "downloads", "a", "new", ",", "malicious", "module", "from", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "and", "installs", "it", "on", "the", "infected", "device", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "module", "injects", "code", "into", "running", "Google", "Play", "or", "GMS", "(", "Google", "Mobile", "Services", ")", "to", "mimic", "user", "behavior", "so", "Gooligan", "can", "avoid", "detection", ",", "a", "technique", "first", "seen", "with", "the", "mobile", "malware", "HummingBad", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10 ]

[ "The", "module", "allows", "Gooligan", "to", ":", "Steal", "a", "user", "’", "s", "Google", "email", "account", "and", "authentication", "token", "information", "Install", "apps", "from", "Google", "Play", "and", "rate", "them", "to", "raise", "their", "reputation", "Install", "adware", "to", "generate", "revenue", "Ad", "servers", ",", "which", "don", "’", "t", "know", "whether", "an", "app", "using", "its", "service", "is", "malicious", "or", "not", ",", "send", "Gooligan", "the", "names", "of", "the", "apps", "to", "download", "from", "Google", "Play", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10 ]

[ "After", "an", "app", "is", "installed", ",", "the", "ad", "service", "pays", "the", "attacker", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Then", "the", "malware", "leaves", "a", "positive", "review", "and", "a", "high", "rating", "on", "Google", "Play", "using", "content", "it", "receives", "from", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Our", "research", "team", "was", "able", "to", "identify", "several", "instances", "of", "this", "activity", "by", "cross-referencing", "data", "from", "breached", "devices", "with", "Google", "Play", "app", "reviews", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "is", "another", "reminder", "of", "why", "users", "shouldn", "’", "t", "rely", "on", "ratings", "alone", "to", "decide", "whether", "to", "trust", "an", "app", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Similar", "to", "HummingBad", ",", "the", "malware", "also", "fakes", "device", "identification", "information", ",", "such", "as", "IMEI", "and", "IMSI", ",", "to", "download", "an", "app", "twice", "while", "seeming", "like", "the", "installation", "is", "happening", "on", "a", "different", "device", ",", "thereby", "doubling", "the", "potential", "revenue", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "What", "are", "Google", "authorization", "tokens", "?", "A", "Google", "authorization", "token", "is", "a", "way", "to", "access", "the", "Google", "account", "and", "the", "related", "services", "of", "a", "user", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "It", "is", "issued", "by", "Google", "once", "a", "user", "successfully", "logged", "into", "this", "account", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "When", "an", "authorization", "token", "is", "stolen", "by", "a", "hacker", ",", "they", "can", "use", "this", "token", "to", "access", "all", "the", "Google", "services", "related", "to", "the", "user", ",", "including", "Google", "Play", ",", "Gmail", ",", "Google", "Docs", ",", "Google", "Drive", ",", "and", "Google", "Photos", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 10, 3, 8, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10 ]

[ "While", "Google", "implemented", "multiple", "mechanisms", ",", "like", "two-factor-authentication", ",", "to", "prevent", "hackers", "from", "compromising", "Google", "accounts", ",", "a", "stolen", "authorization", "token", "bypasses", "this", "mechanism", "and", "allows", "hackers", "the", "desired", "access", "as", "the", "user", "is", "perceived", "as", "already", "logged", "in", "." ]

[ 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]