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{"Title": "HEGRA Observations of Galactic Sources", "Authors": "Heinz Voelk (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg, HEGRA\n Collaboration)", "Abstract": " In this talk I will first give a summary of the observations of expected\nGalactic TeV gamma-ray sources with the HEGRA CT-Sytem since the Kruger Park\nWorkshop in 1997. Then I will go into some detail regarding the observations of\nSupernova Remnants (SNRs), especially those of Tycho's SNR and of Cas A. The\nemphasis will not be on all aspects of these published data. I will rather\nreview the selection of these observational targets, and discuss some of the\nphysical implications of the results.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001301"}
astro-ph/0001302
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{"Title": "A continuous low star formation rate in IZw 18 ?", "Authors": "F. Legrand, D. Kunth, J.-R. Roy, J.M. Mas-Hesse, and J.R. Walsh", "Abstract": " Deep long-slit spectroscopic observations of the blue compact galaxy IZw 18\nobtained with the CFH 3.6 m Telescope are presented. The very low value of\noxygen abundance previously reported is confirmed and a very homogeneous\nabundance distribution is found (no variation larger than 0.05 dex) over the\nwhole ionized region. We concur with Tenorio-Tagle (1996) and Devost et al.\n(1997) that the observed abundance level cannot result from the material\nejected by the stars formed in the current burst, and propose that the observed\nmetals were formed in a previous star formation episode. Metals ejected in the\ncurrent burst of star formation remain most probably hidden in a hot phase and\nare undetectable using optical spectroscopy. We discuss different scenarios of\nstar formation in IZw 18. Combining various observational facts, for instance\nthe faint star formation rate observed in low surface brightness galaxies van\nZee et al. (1997), it is proposed that a low and continuous rate of star\nformation occurring during quiescent phases between bursts could be a\nsignificant source of metal enrichment of the interstellar medium.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001302"}
astro-ph/0001303
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{"Title": "Weak Lensing of the CMB: A Harmonic Approach", "Authors": "Wayne Hu (IAS, Princeton)", "Abstract": " Weak lensing of CMB anisotropies and polarization for the power spectra and\nhigher order statistics can be handled directly in harmonic-space without\nrecourse to real-space correlation functions. For the power spectra, this\napproach not only simplifies the calculations but is also readily generalized\nfrom the usual flat-sky approximation to the exact all-sky form by replacing\nFourier harmonics with spherical harmonics. Counterintuitively, due to the\nnonlinear nature of the effect, errors in the flat-sky approximation do not\nimprove on smaller scales. They remain at the 10% level through the acoustic\nregime and are sufficiently large to merit adoption of the all-sky formalism.\nFor the bispectra, a cosmic variance limited detection of the correlation with\nsecondary anisotropies has an order of magnitude greater signal-to-noise for\ncombinations involving magnetic parity polarization than those involving the\ntemperature alone. Detection of these bispectra will however be severely noise\nand foreground limited even with the Planck satellite, leaving room for\nimprovement with higher sensitivity experiments. We also provide a general\nstudy of the correspondence between flat and all sky potentials, deflection\nangles, convergence and shear for the power spectra and bispectra.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001303"}
astro-ph/0001304
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{"Title": "Implications of Abundance Gradients in Intracluster Gas", "Authors": "Raymond E. White III (1,2), Renato A. Dupke (3) ((1) NASA/GSFC, (2) U.\n Alabama, (3) U. Michigan)", "Abstract": " Analysis of spatially resolved ASCA spectra of the intracluster gas in Abell\n496 confirms that metal abundances increase toward the center. We also find\nspatial gradients in several abundance ratios, indicating that the fraction of\niron from SN Ia increases toward the cluster center. The dominant metal\nenrichment mechanism near the cluster center must therefore be different than\nin the outer parts. We show that ram pressure stripping of gas from cluster\ngalaxies cannot account for the central abundance enhancement. We suggest that\ntwo successive stages of galactic winds contaminate intracluster gas:\nprotogalactic winds driven by SN II, followed by less energetic winds driven by\nSN Ia, which have longer lived progenitors than SN II. The less energetic\nsecondary wind from a cD galaxy may be suppressed, due to its location at the\ncluster center, leading to the observed central enhancement of SN Ia ejecta.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001304"}
astro-ph/0001305
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{"Title": "Glimpses of a strange star", "Authors": "Jishnu Dey (1), Subharthi Ray (1 and 2), Xiang-Dong Li (3), Mira Dey\n (2) and Ignazio Bombaci (4) ((1) Abdus Salam ICTP & Maulana Azad College, (2)\n Presidency College and Abdus Salam ICTP, (3) Nanjing University (4)\n Universit\\'a di Pisa & INFN Pisa.)", "Abstract": " There are about 2000 gamma ray burst (GRB) events known to us with data\npouring in at the rate of one per day. While the afterglows of GRBs in radio,\noptical and X-ray bands are successfully explained by the fireball model, a\nsignificant difficulty with the proposed mechanisms for GRBs is that a small\namount ($\\le 10^{-6} M_{\\odot}$) of baryons in the ejecta can be involved.\nThere are very few models that fulfill this criteria together with other\nobservational features, among which are the differentially rotating collapsed\nobject model and the \"supernova\" model. These models generally invoke rapidly\nrotating neutron stars, and may be subject to uncertainties in the formation\nmechanisms and the equations of state of neutron stars. According to Spruit,\nthe problem of making a GRB from an X-ray binary is reduced to finding a\nplausible way to make the star rotate differentially. We suggest that a model\nof strange star (SS) can naturally explain many of these bursts with not only\ntheir low baryon content, but the differential rotation which leads to an\nenhanced magnetic field that surfaces up and is responsible for GRBs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001305"}
astro-ph/0001306
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{"Title": "Predicting caustic crossing high magnification events in Q2237+0305", "Authors": "J. S. B. Wyithe, E. L. Turner, R. L. Webster, E. Agol", "Abstract": " The central regions of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q2237+0305 can be\nindirectly resolved on nano-arcsecond scales if viewed spectrophotometricly\nduring a microlensing high magnification event (HME). Q2237+0305 is currently\nbeing monitored from the ground (eg. OGLE collaboration, Apache Point\nObservatory), with the goal, among others, of triggering ground and spacecraft\nbased target of opportunity (TOO) observations of an HME. In this work we\ninvestigate the rate of change (trigger) in image brightness that signals an\nimminent HME and importantly, the separation between the trigger and the event\npeak. In addition, we produce colour dependent model light-curves by combining\nhigh-resolution microlensing simulations with a realistic model for a thermal\naccretion disc source. We make hypothetical target of opportunity spectroscopic\nobservations using our determination of the appropriate trigger as a guide. We\nfind that if the source spectrum varies with source radius, a 3 observation TOO\nprogram should be able to observe a microlensing change in the continuum slope\nfollowing a light-curve trigger with a success rate of >80%.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001306"}
astro-ph/0001307
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{"Title": "Interpretation of the OGLE Q2237+0305 microlensing light-curve", "Authors": "J. S. B. Wyithe, E. L. Turner, R. L. Webster", "Abstract": " The four bright images of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q2237+0305 are\nbeing monitored from the ground (eg. OGLE collaboration, Apache Point\nObservatory) in the hope of observing a high magnification event (HME). Over\nthe past three seasons (1997-1999) the OGLE collaboration has produced\nmicrolensing light-curves with unprecedented coverage. These demonstrate\nsmooth, independent (therefore microlensing) variability between the images\n(Wozniak et al. 2000a,b; OGLE web page). We have retrospectively compared\nprobability functions for high-magnification event parameters with several\nobserved light-curve features. We conclude that the 1999 image C peak was due\nto the source having passed outside of a cusp rather than to a caustic\ncrossing. In addition, we find that the image C light-curve shows evidence for\na caustic crossing between the 1997 and 1998 observing seasons involving the\nappearance of new critical images. Our models predict that the next image C\nevent is most likely to arrive 500 days following the 1999 peak, but with a\nlarge uncertainty (100-2000 days). Finally, given the image A light-curve\nderivative at the end of the 1999 observing season, our modelling suggests that\na caustic crossing will occur between the 1999 and 2000 observing seasons,\nimplying a minimum for the image A light-curve ~1-1.5 magnitudes fainter than\nthe November 1999 level.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001307"}
astro-ph/0001308
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{"Title": "The infrared side of galaxy formation. I. The local universe in the\n semi-analytical framework", "Authors": "G.L. Granato, C.G. Lacey, L. Silva, A. Bressan, C.M. Baugh, S. Cole,\n C.S. Frenk", "Abstract": " We present a new evolutionary model for the far-UV to sub-mm properties of\nthe galaxy population. This combines a semi-analytic galaxy formation model\nbased on hierarchical clustering (GALFORM) with a spectro-photometric code\nwhich includes dust reprocessing (GRASIL). The former provides the star\nformation and metal enrichment histories, together with the gas mass and\nvarious geometrical parameters, for a representative sample of galaxies formed\nin different density environments. These quantities allow us to model the SEDs\nof galaxies, taking into account stellar emission and also dust extinction and\nre-emission. Two phases are considered for the dust: molecular cloud complexes,\nwhere stars are assumed to be born, and the diffuse interstellar medium. The\nmodel includes both galaxies forming stars quiescently in disks, and starbursts\ntriggered by galaxy mergers. We test our models against the observed\nspectro-photometric properties of galaxies in the local Universe. The models\nreproduce fairly well the SEDs of normal spirals and starbursts, and their\ninternal extinction properties. The starbursts follow the observed relationship\nbetween the FIR to UV luminosity ratio and the slope of the UV continuum. They\nalso reproduce the observed starburst attenuation law (Calzetti et al 99). This\nresult is remarkable, because we use a dust mixture which reproduces the Milky\nWay extinction law. It suggests that the observed attenuation law is related to\nthe geometry of the stars and dust. We compute galaxy luminosity functions over\nour wide range of wavelengths, which turn out to be in good agreement with\nobservational data. The UV continuum turns out to be a poor star formation\nindicator for our models, whilst the infrared luminosity is much more reliable.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001308"}
astro-ph/0001309
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{"Title": "Weak lensing observations of the \"dark\" cluster MG2016+112", "Authors": "D. Clowe (MPA), N. Trentham (IoA) and J. Tonry (IfA)", "Abstract": " We investigate the possible existence of a high-redshift (z=1) cluster of\ngalaxies associated with the QSO lens system MG2016+112. From an ultra-deep R-\nand less deep V- and I-band Keck images and a K-band mosaic from UKIRT, we\ndetect ten galaxies with colors consistent with the lensing galaxy within\n225h^{-1} kpc of the z=1.01 lensing galaxy. This represents an overdensity of\nmore than ten times the number density of galaxies with similar colors in the\nrest of the image. We also find a group of seven much fainter objects closely\npacked in a group only 27h^{-1} kpc north-west of the lensing galaxy. We\nperform a weak lensing analysis on faint galaxies in the R-band image and\ndetect a mass peak of a size similar to the mass inferred from X-ray\nobservations of the field, but located 64\" northwest of the lensing galaxy.\n From the weak lensing data we rule out a similar sized mass peak centered on\nthe lensing galaxy at the 2 sigma level.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001309"}
astro-ph/0001310
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{"Title": "Detection of an X-Ray Hot Region in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies with\n ASCA", "Authors": "K. Kikuchi, C. Itoh, A. Kushino, T. Furusho, K. Matsushita, N. Y.\n Yamasaki, T. Ohashi, Y. Fukazawa, Y. Ikebe, H. Boehringer, H. Matsumoto", "Abstract": " Based on mapping observations with ASCA, an unusual hot region with a spatial\nextent of 1 square degree was discovered between M87 and M49 at a center\ncoordinate of R. A. = 12h 27m 36s and Dec. = $9^\\circ18'$ (J2000). The X-ray\nemission from the region has a 2-10 keV flux of $1 \\times 10^{-11}$ ergs\ns$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ and a temperature of $kT \\gtrsim 4$ keV, which is\nsignificantly higher than that in the surrounding medium of $\\sim 2$ keV. The\ninternal thermal energy in the hot region is estimated to be $V n k T \\sim\n10^{60}$ ergs with a gas density of $\\sim 10^{-4}$ cm$^{-3}$. A power-law\nspectrum with a photon index $1.7-2.3$ is also allowed by the data. The hot\nregion suggests there is an energy input due to a shock which is probably\ncaused by the motion of the gas associated with M49, infalling toward the M87\ncluster with a velocity $\\gtrsim 1000$ km s$^{-1}$.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001310"}
astro-ph/0001311
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{"Title": "Supermassive Black Holes Can Hardly Be \"Silent\"", "Authors": "Alvio Renzini (European Southern Observatory)", "Abstract": " There is now ample evidence that most - perhaps all - galactic spheroids host\na supermassive BH at their center. This has been assessed using a variety of\nobservational techniques, from stellar and/or gas dynamics to megamasers. Yet\nanother promising technique is offered by the case of the Virgo elliptical NGC\n4552, in which early HST/FOC observations revealed a central low-luminosity\nflare. Subsequent HST/FOS observations with a 0.21 arcsec aperture have\nrevealed a rich emission-line spectrum with broad and narrow components with\nFWHM of 3000 and 700 km/s, respectively. This variable, mini-AGN at the center\nof NGC 4552 is most naturally the result of a sporadic accretion event on a\ncentral BH. It has a H$\\alpha$ luminosity of only $\\sim 10,000 \\lsun$, making\nit the likely, intrinsically faintest AGN known today. Only thanks to the\nsuperior resolution of HST such a faint object has been discovered and studied\nin detail, but adaptive optics systems on large ground-based telescopes may\nreveal in the future that a low level of accretion onto central massive BHs is\nan ubiquitous phenomenon among galactic spheroids. FOC/FOS observations of a\ncentral spike in NGC 2681 reveal several analogies with the case of NGC 4552,\nwhile yet another example is offered by a recent exciting finding with STIS by\nR.W. O'Connell in NGC 1399, the third galaxy in our original program.\ngarchingbh\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001311"}
astro-ph/0001312
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{"Title": "WWhat Heavy Elements in Clusters of Galaxies Tell About Clusters and\n Galaxies", "Authors": "Alvio Renzini (European Southern Observatory)", "Abstract": " Clusters of galaxies allow a direct estimate of the metallicity and metal\nproduction yield on the largest scale so far. The ratio of the total iron mass\nin the ICM to the total optical luminosity of the cluster (the iron\nmass-to-light-ratio) is the same for all clusters which ICM is hotter than\n$\\sim 2$ keV, and the elemental proportions (i.e. the [$\\alpha$/Fe] ratio)\nappear to be solar. The simplest interpretation of these evidences is that both\nthe IMF as well the relative contributions of SN types are universal. Currently\navailable abundances in cooler clusters and groups are much more uncertain,\npossibly due to insufficiently accurate atomic physics data for multi-electron\nions, or to the ICM being multi-phase, or to a combination thereof. This\nuncertainty automatically extends to the reality of radial abundance gradients\nso far reported in cool clusters. It is emphasized that most metals reside in\nthe ICM rather than in galaxies, which demonstrates that energetic winds\noperated early in the evolution of massive galaxies, the likely producers of\nmost metals now in the ICM. The ICM metallicity is also used to set a\nsemiempirical constraint of $\\sim 0.1$ keV per particle to the ICM {\\it\npreheating} due to supernova driven galactic winds. A lower limit of the\nuniverse global metallicity at $z=3$ is also mentioned.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001312"}
astro-ph/0001313
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{"Title": "Metallicity in damped Lyman-alpha systems: evolution or bias?", "Authors": "N. Prantzos, S. Boissier (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris)", "Abstract": " Assuming that damped Lyman-alpha(DLA) systems are galactic discs, we\ncalculate the corresponding evolution of metal abundances. We use detailed\nmulti-zone models of galactic chemical evolution (reproducing successfully the\nobserved properties of disc galaxies) and appropriate statistics (including\ngeometrical propability factors) to calculate the average metallicity as a\nfunction of redshift. The results are compatible with available observations,\nprovided that observational biases are taken into account, as suggested by\nBoisse et al. (1998). In particular, high column density and high metallicity\nsystems are not detected because the light of backround quasars is severely\nextinguished, while low column density and low metallicity systems are not\ndetectable through their absorption lines by current surveys. We show that\nthese observational constraints lead to a ``no-evolution'' picture for the DLA\nmetallicity, which does not allow to draw strong conclusions about the nature\nof those systems or about their role in ``cosmic chemical evolution''.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001313"}
astro-ph/0001314
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{"Title": "Theory of \"Jitter\" Radiation from Small-Scale Random Magnetic Fields and\n Prompt Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Shocks", "Authors": "Mikhail V. Medvedev (Harvard)", "Abstract": " Abridged.-- We demonstrate that the radiation emitted by ultrarelativistic\nelectrons in highly nonuniform, small-scale magnetic fields is different from\nsynchrotron radiation if the electron's transverse deflections in these fields\nare much smaller than the beaming angle. A quantitative analytical theory of\nthis radiation, which we refer to as jitter radiation, is developed. It is\nshown that the emergent spectrum is determined by statistical properties of the\nmagnetic field. As an example,we then use the model of a magnetic field in\ninternal shocks of GRBs. The spectral power distribution of radiation produced\nby the power-law electrons is well described by a sharply broken power-law with\nindices 1 and -(p-1)/2 and the jitter break frequency is independent of the\nfield strength but depends on the electron density in the ejecta. Since\nlarge-scale fields may also be present in the ejecta, we construct a\ntwo-component, jitter+synchrotron spectral model of the prompt $\\gamma$-ray\nemission. Quite surprisingly, this model seems to be readily capable of\nexplaining several properties of time-resolved spectra of some GRBs, such as\n(i) the violation of the constraint on the low-energy spectral index called the\nsynchrotron ``line of death'', (ii) the sharp spectral break at the peak\nfrequency, inconsistent with the broad synchrotron bump, (iii) the evidence for\ntwo spectral sub-components, and (iv) possible existence of emission features\ncalled ``GRB lines''. We believe these facts strongly support both the\nexistence of small-scale magnetic fields and the proposed radiation mechanism\nfrom GRB shocks. As an example, we use the composite model to analyze GRB\n910503 which has two spectral peaks.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001314"}
astro-ph/0001315
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{"Title": "Disk-Halo Interaction - I. Three-Dimensional Evolution of the Galactic\n Disk", "Authors": "Miguel A. de Avillez", "Abstract": " The results of a three-dimensional model for disk-halo interaction are\npresented here. The model considers explicitly the input of energy and mass by\nisolated a nd correlated supernovae in the disk. Once disrupted by the\nexplosions, the disk never returns to its initial state. Instead it approaches\na state where a thin HI disk is formed in the Galactic plane overlayed by thick\nHI and HII gas disk w ith scale heights of 500 pc and of 1 to 1.5 kpc,\nrespectively. The upper parts o f the thick HII disk (the diffuse ionized\nmedium) act as a disk-halo interface a nd its formation and stability are\ndirectly correlated to the supernova rate per unit area in the simulated disk.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001315"}
astro-ph/0001316
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{"Title": "Four Cometary Belts Associated with the Orbits of Giant Planets: A New\n View of the Outer Solar System's Structure Emerges from Numerical Simulations", "Authors": "Leonid M. Ozernoy, Nick N. Gorkavyi, Tanya Taidakova", "Abstract": " Using numerical simulations, we examine the structure of a cometary\npopulation near a massive planet, such as a giant planet of the Solar system,\nstarting with one-planet approximation (the Sun plus one planet). By studying\nthe distributions of comets in semimajor axis, eccentricity, pericenter, and\napocenter distances, we have revealed several interesting features in these\ndistributions. The most remarkable ones include (i) spatial accumulation of\ncomets near the planetary orbit (which we call the `cometary belt') and (ii)\navoidance of resonant orbits by comets. Then we abandon one-planet\napproximation and examine as to how a cometary belt is modified when the\ninfluence of all four giant planets is taken into consideration. To this end,\nwe simulate a stationary distribution of comets, which results from the\ngravitational scattering of the Kuiper belt objects on the four giant planets\nand accounts for the effects of mean motion resonances. Accounting for the\ninfluence of four giant planets makes the cometary belts overlapping, but\nnevertheless keeping almost all their basic features found in one-planet\napproximation. In particular, the belts maintain the gaps in the (a,e)- and\n(a,i)-space similar to the Kirkwood gaps in the main asteroid belt. We conclude\nthat the large-scale structure of the Solar system is featured by the four\ncometary belts expected to contain 20-30 millions of scattered comets, and only\na tiny fraction of them is currently visible as Jupiter-, Saturn-, etc. family\ncomets.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001316"}
astro-ph/0001317
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{"Title": "Statistics of clustering of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and the number\n of their sources", "Authors": "S.L. Dubovsky, P.G. Tinyakov, and I.I. Tkachev", "Abstract": " Observation of clustering of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) suggests\nthat they are emitted by compact sources. Assuming small deflection of UHECR\nduring the propagation, the statistical analysis of clustering allows to\nestimate the spatial density of the sources, h, including those which have not\nyet been observed directly. When applied to astrophysical models involving\nextra-galactic sources, the estimate based on 14 events with energy E>10^{20}\neV gives h ~ 6 X 10^{-3} Mps^{-3}. With increasing statistics, this estimate\nmay lead to exclusion of the models which associate the production of UHECR\nwith exceptional galaxies such as AGN, powerful radio-galaxies, dead quasars,\nand models based on gamma ray bursts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001317"}
astro-ph/0001318
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{"Title": "Review of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Abundances", "Authors": "David Tytler, John M. O'Meara, Nao Suzuki, Dan Lubin (UC San Diego)", "Abstract": " Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is the synthesis of the light nuclei,\nDeuterium, He3, He4 and Li7, during the first few minutes of the universe. This\nreview concentrates on recent improvements in the measurement of the primordial\n(after BBN, and prior to modification) abundances of these nuclei. We mention\nimprovement in the standard theory, and the non-standard extensions which are\nlimited by the data. (abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001318"}
astro-ph/0001319
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{"Title": "Closing the gap: an X-ray selected sample of clusters of galaxies behind\n the Galactic plane", "Authors": "Harald Ebeling, Christopher Mullis, Brent Tully (IfA, University of\n Hawaii)", "Abstract": " We discuss the design and current status of the CIZA survey, the first\nsystematic X-ray search for clusters of galaxies in the Galactic plane region.\nSo far, we have compiled a sample of more than 70 X-ray selected clusters at\n|b|<20 deg, 80% of which were previously unknown. Upon its completion the CIZA\ncluster catalogue will complement the existing galaxy surveys in the Galactic\nplane region and allow a fresh look at large-scale structure and local\nstreaming motions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001319"}
astro-ph/0001320
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{"Title": "MACS: The evolution and properties of massive clusters of galaxies", "Authors": "Harald Ebeling (IfA, Hawaii), Alastair Edge (Durham, UK), J. Patrick\n Henry (IfA, Hawaii)", "Abstract": " We present first results from the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS), a new\nlarge-scale X-ray survey designed to find and characterize very massive,\ndistant clusters of galaxies. Based on X-ray detections in the ROSAT All-Sky\nSurvey, MACS aims to compile a sample of more than 200 X-ray luminous clusters\nat z>0.3, about 50 times the number of EMSS clusters in the same redshift and\nluminosity range. The MACS sample is uniquely suited to investigate cluster\nevolution at redshifts and luminosities poorly sampled by all existing surveys.\n At the time of writing the MACS sample comprises 41 clusters with measured\nredshifts of 0.3<z<0.56 and X-ray luminosities in excess of 6 10^44 erg/s\n(0.1-2.4 keV). This early sample is thus already twice as large as the high-z,\nhigh-luminosity subsets of the EMSS, BCS, and REFLEX cluster samples taken\ntogether. An additional 85 MACS clusters with photometric redshifts z>0.3 are\nscheduled for spectroscopic observation.\n From a preliminary analysis of a statistically well defined subsample of the\n25 X-ray brightest MACS clusters we conclude tentatively that negative\nevolution is not significant at the highest X-ray luminosities (Lx>10^45 erg/s)\nout to redshifts of z~0.4. Our findings thus extend the no-evolution result\nobtained by many serendipitous ROSAT cluster surveys at lower luminosities.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001320"}
astro-ph/0001321
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{"Title": "The 9.7 Micron Silicate Dust Absorption Toward the Cygnus A Nucleus and\n the Inferred Location of the Obscuring Dust", "Authors": "Masatoshi Imanishi (NAO Japan), Shiro Ueno (NASDA)", "Abstract": " We report the detection of a 9.7 $\\mu$m silicate dust absorption feature\ntoward the Cygnus A nucleus. Its optical depth is, however, significantly\nsmaller than that expected from the dust extinction toward the background\n$L$-band emission region ($A_{\\rm V}$ $\\sim$ 150 mag). We argue that the most\nlikely explanation for the small optical depth is that the obscuring dust\nexists so close to the central engine that a temperature gradient occurs. Our\ncalculation confirms that the small optical depth and the spectral energy\ndistribution at 3--30 $\\mu$m can be quantitatively reproduced by this\nexplanation. Combining this picture with the huge AGN luminosity, the emission\nproperties of Cygnus A are consistent with those of a type 2 quasar, that is, a\nhighly luminous AGN that is highly obscured ($A_{\\rm V}$ $>$ 50 mag) by a dusty\ntorus with an inner radius of $<$10 pc, and not by $>$ a few 100 pc scale dust\nin the host galaxy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001321"}
astro-ph/0001322
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{"Title": "Profiles of Strong Permitted Lines in Classical T Tauri Stars", "Authors": "Silvia Alencar (1,2), Gibor Basri (1) ((1) UC Berkeley, (2) UFMG,\n Brazil)", "Abstract": " We present a spectral analysis of 30 T Tauri stars observed with the Hamilton\nechelle spectrograph over more than a decade. One goal is to test\nmagnetospheric accretion model predictions. Observational evidence previously\npublished supporting the model, such as emission line asymmetry and a high\nfrequency of redshifted absorption components, are considered. We also discuss\nthe relation between different line forming regions and search for good\naccretion rate indicators.\n In this work we confirm several important points of the models, such as the\ncorrelation between accretion and outflow, broad emission components that are\nmostly central or slightly blueshifted and only the occasional presence of\nredshifted absorption. We also show, however, that the broad emission\ncomponents supposedly formed in the magnetospheric accretion flow only\npartially support the models. Unlike the predictions, they are sometimes\nredshifted, and are mostly found to be symmetric. The published theoretical\nprofiles do not have a strong resemblance to our observed ones. We emphasize\nthe need for accretion models to include a strong turbulent component before\ntheir profiles will match the observations. The effects of rotation, and the\noutflow components, will also be needed to complete the picture.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001322"}
astro-ph/0001323
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{"Title": "Constraining SN Ia Models Using X-ray Spectra of Clusters of Galaxies", "Authors": "Renato A. Dupke and Raymond E. White III", "Abstract": " We present constraints on theoretical models of Type Ia SNe using spatially\nresolved ASCA X-ray spectroscopy of four galaxy clusters: Abell 496, Abell\n2199, Abell 3571 & Perseus. All four clusters have central Fe abundance\nenhancements and an ensemble of abundance ratios are used to show that most of\nthe Fe in the central regions of the clusters comes from SN Ia. At the center\nof each cluster, simultaneous analysis of spectra from all ASCA instruments\nshows that the Ni to Fe abundance ratio (normalized by the solar ratio) is ~ 4.\nWe use the Ni/Fe ratio as a discriminator between SN Ia explosion models: the\nNi/Fe ratio of ejecta from the \"Convective Deflagration\" model W7 is consistent\nwith the observations, while those of \"delayed detonation\" models are not\nconsistent at the 90% confidence level.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001323"}
astro-ph/0001324
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{"Title": "Observing the effects of strong gravity with future X-ray missions", "Authors": "C.S.Reynolds (JILA, Boulder, Colorado)", "Abstract": " Spectroscopy of the broad iron iron with ASCA and BeppoSAX has up opened the\ninnermost regions of accreting black hole systems to detailed study. In this\ncontribution, I discuss how observations with future X-ray missions will extend\nthese studies and all us to observationally address issues which are currently\nonly in the realm of the theorists. In particular, high-throughput spectroscopy\nwith XMM and, eventually, Constellation-X will allow the full diagnostic power\nof iron line variability to be realized. Instabilities of the inner accretion\nflow, the geometry of the variable X-ray source, and the black hole mass and\nspin will all be open to study. Eventually, X-ray interferometry will allow\ndirect imaging of the black hole region in nearby active galaxies, thereby\nproviding the ultimate probe of black hole astrophysics.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001324"}
astro-ph/0001325
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{"Title": "Gravitational Lensing of High Redshift Sources", "Authors": "Rennan Barkana (1), David Hogg (1), Abraham Loeb (2), Roger Blandford\n (3) ((1) IAS, Princeton NJ, (2) Harvard University, (3) Caltech)", "Abstract": " The combination of deep exposures and high resolution offered by telescopes\nin space allows the detection of lensing over a wide range of source redshifts\nand lens masses. As an example, we model a lens candidate found in the southern\nHubble Deep Field. The system consists of a source galaxy lensed into an arc,\n0.9 arcseconds from an elliptical galaxy with an implied mass-to-light ratio of\norder 15 in solar units. This lens system may be a preview of the large number\nof lensed high-redshift galaxies that will be detected with the Next Generation\nSpace Telescope (NGST). Popular models of structure formation imply that\nroughly 3% of observed sources at z>5 should be multiply imaged. Thus, NGST\nshould detect several lensed objects in each field of view. In addition, NGST\nwill be a valuable tool for weak lensing measurements if it can resolve the\nbackground galaxies. We estimate the angular size distribution of high redshift\nsources within hierarchical models of structure formation and find that most\nwill be resolved. (abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001325"}
astro-ph/0001326
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{"Title": "Identifying the Reionization Redshift from the Cosmic Star Formation\n Rate", "Authors": "Rennan Barkana (IAS, Princeton NJ), Abraham Loeb (Harvard University)", "Abstract": " We show that the cosmic star formation rate per comoving volume should\nexhibit a distinct drop around the reionization redshift, when the HII regions\nin the intergalactic medium around individual ionizing sources first\noverlapped. The drop results from the increase in the temperature of the\nintergalactic medium as it was photo-ionized, and the consequent suppression of\nthe formation of low-mass galaxies. We show quantitatively that the detection\nof this drop, which is marked by a corresponding fall in the number counts of\nfaint galaxies, should become feasible over the coming decade with the Next\nGeneration Space Telescope.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001326"}
astro-ph/0001327
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{"Title": "The spectra and energies of classical double radio lobes", "Authors": "Katherine Blundell and Steve Rawlings", "Abstract": " We compare two temporal properties of classical double radio sources: i)\nradiative lifetimes of synchrotron-emitting particles and ii) dynamical source\nages. We discuss how these can be quite discrepant from one another, rendering\nuse of the traditional spectral ageing method inappropriate: we contend that\nspectral ages give meaningful estimates of dynamical ages only when these ages\nare << 10^7 years. In juxtaposing the fleeting radiative lifetimes with source\nages which are significantly longer, a refinement of the paradigm for radio\nsource evolution is required. The changing spectra along lobes are explained,\nnot predominantly by synchrotron ageing but, by gentle gradients in a magnetic\nfield mediated by a low-gamma matrix which illuminates an energy-distribution\nof particles, controlled largely by classical synchrotron loss in the high\nmagnetic field of the hotspot. The energy in the particles is an order of\nmagnitude higher than that inferred from the minimum-energy estimate, implying\nthat the jet-power is of the same order as the accretion luminosity produced by\nthe quasar central engine. This refined paradigm points to a resolution of the\nfindings of Rudnick et al (1994) and Katz-Stone & Rudnick (1994) that both the\nJaffe-Perola and Kardashev-Pacholczyk model spectra are invariably poor\ndescriptions of the curved spectral shape of lobe emission, and indeed that for\nCygnus A all regions of the lobes are characterised by a `universal spectrum'.\n[abridged]\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001327"}
astro-ph/0001328
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{"Title": "Oxygen Absorption in Cooling Flows", "Authors": "David A. Buote (UC Santa Cruz)", "Abstract": " The inhomogeneous cooling flow scenario predicts the existence of large\nquantities of gas in massive elliptical galaxies, groups, and clusters that\nhave cooled and dropped out of the flow. Using spatially resolved, deprojected\nX-ray spectra from the ROSAT PSPC we have detected strong absorption over\nenergies ~0.4-0.8 keV intrinsic to the central ~1 arcmin of the galaxy, NGC\n1399, the group, NGC 5044, and the cluster, A1795. These systems have amongst\nthe largest nearby cooling flows in their respective classes and low Galactic\ncolumns. Since no excess absorption is indicated for energies below ~0.4 keV\nthe most reasonable model for the absorber is warm, collisionally ionized gas\nwith T=10^{5-6} K where ionized states of oxygen provide most of the\nabsorption. Attributing the absorption only to ionized gas reconciles the large\ncolumns of cold H and He inferred from Einstein and ASCA with the lack of such\ncolumns inferred from ROSAT, and also is consistent with the negligible atomic\nand molecular H inferred from HI, and CO observations of cooling flows. The\nprediction of warm ionized gas as the product of mass drop-out in these and\nother cooling flows can be verified by Chandra, XMM, and ASTRO-E.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001328"}
astro-ph/0001329
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{"Title": "Iron Gradients in Cooling Flow Galaxies and Groups", "Authors": "David A. Buote (UC Santa Cruz)", "Abstract": " Previous studies of the Fe abundances in the hot gas of galaxies and groups\nhave reported conflicting results with most studies finding very sub-solar Fe\nabundances that disagree with standard theory. To investigate the possible role\nof Fe abundance gradients on these measurements we present deprojection\nanalysis of the ROSAT PSPC data of 10 of the brightest cooling flow galaxies\nand groups. The PSPC allows for spatially resolved spectral analysis on a\nhalf-arcminute scale, and interesting constraints on both the temperatures and\nFe abundances are possible because the ~1 keV temperatures of these systems are\nwell matched to the bandpass of the PSPC. In 9 out of 10 systems we find clear\nevidence that the Fe abundance decreases with increasing radius: Z_Fe ~1 solar\n- (several) solar within the central radial bin (r < ~10 kpc) which decreases\nto Z_Fe ~0.5 solar at the largest radii examined (r ~50-100 kpc). The Fe\nabundances (and temperatures) are consistent with the average values for these\nsystems that we obtained in our previous analyses of the ASCA data using\nmultitemperature models which confirms that previous inferences of very\nsub-solar Fe abundances from ASCA arise from the incorrect assumption of\nisothermal gas and not the presence of Fe abundance gradients. We discuss why\nthis ``Fe Bias'' affects much more seriously the measurements of Z_Fe from ASCA\ndata than from ROSAT data. We show that the Fe abundance profiles for these\ngalaxies and groups are consistent with a gas-dynamical model where the gas is\nenriched by stellar ejecta and supernovae in the ``solar supernova\nproportion'', the stars formed with a Galactic IMF, and the gas is diluted by\nmixing with primordial gas at large radii.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001329"}
astro-ph/0001330
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{"Title": "ROSAT Evidence for Intrinsic Oxygen Absorption in Cooling Flow Galaxies\n and Groups", "Authors": "David A. Buote (UC Santa Cruz)", "Abstract": " Using spatially resolved, deprojected ROSAT PSPC spectra of 10 of the\nbrightest cooling flow galaxies and groups with low Galactic column densities\nwe have detected intrinsic absorption over energies ~0.4-0.8 keV in half of the\nsample. Since no intrinsic absorption is indicated for energies below ~0.4 keV,\nthe most reasonable model for the absorber is collisionally ionized gas at\ntemperatures T=10^{5-6} K with most of the absorption arising from ionized\nstates of oxygen but with a significant contribution from carbon and nitrogen.\nThe soft X-ray emission of this warm gas can explain the sub-Galactic column\ndensities of cold gas inferred within the central regions of most of the\nsystems. Attributing the absorption to ionized gas reconciles the large columns\nof cold H and He inferred from EINSTEIN and ASCA with the lack of such columns\ninferred from ROSAT. Within the central ~10-20 kpc, where the constraints are\nmost secure, the estimated mass of the ionized absorber is consistent with most\n(perhaps all) of the matter deposited by a cooling flow over the lifetime of\nthe flow. Since the warm absorber produces no significant H or He absorption\nthe large absorber masses are consistent with the negligible atomic and\nmolecular H inferred from HI and CO observations of cooling flows. It is also\nfound that if T > ~2x10^5 K then the optical and UV emission implied by the\nwarm gas does not violate published constraints. Finally, we discuss how the\nprediction of warm ionized gas as the product of mass drop-out in these and\nother cooling flows can be verified with new CHANDRA and XMM observations.\n(Abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001330"}
astro-ph/0001331
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{"Title": "The Diffusive Galactic GeV/TeV Gamma-Ray Background: Sources vs.\n Transport", "Authors": "Heinz Voelk (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg)", "Abstract": " The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray background, as observed with EGRET on CGRO,\nexceeds the model predictions significantly above 1 GeV. This is particularly\ntrue for the inner Galaxy. We shall discuss here the contribution of the\nGalactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) sources, considered as unresolved, and in addition\nthe possibility that the transport of the GCRs out of the Galaxy is not uniform\nover the Galactic disk. In both cases the spectrum of the diffuse gamma-rays is\nharder than the GCR spectrum in the neighborhood of the Solar system, as\nobserved in situ. The source contribution is a necessary and, as it turns out,\nsignificant part of the diffuse background, whereas the transport effect is one\nof several conceivable additional causes for the hard diffuse gamma-ray\nspectrum observed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001331"}
astro-ph/0001332
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{"Title": "Where are the type 2 AGNs?", "Authors": "M. Salvati, R. Maiolino", "Abstract": " Most of the energy of the X-ray background is contributed by sources with a\nhard X-ray spectrum, harder than the spectrum observed in nearby type 1 AGNs.\nThe hard background contributors are conventionally identified with type 2\nAGNs, obscured by circumnuclear matter both in the optical and in the soft X\nrays. However, preliminary results of identification programs seem to find\nsystematically few type 2 AGNs in samples selected with obscuration insensitive\ncriteria. We discuss this issue, and assess the various scenarios which are\nbeing proposed to solve the discrepancy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001332"}
astro-ph/0001333
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{"Title": "Numerical Simulations of Globular Cluster Formation", "Authors": "Naohito Nakasato, Masao Mori, and Ken'ichi Nomoto (Department of\n Astronomy, University of Tokyo)", "Abstract": " We examine various physical processes associated with the formation of\nglobular clusters by using the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle\nHydrodynamics (SPH) code. Our code includes radiative cooling of gases, star\nformation, energy feedback from stars including stellar winds and supernovae,\nand chemical enrichment by stars. We assume that, in the collapsing galaxy,\nisothermal cold clouds form through thermal condensations and become\nproto-globular clouds. We calculate the size of proto-globular clouds by\nsolving the linearized equations for perturbation. We compute the evolution of\nthe inner region of the proto-cloud with our SPH code for various initial\nradius and initial composition of gases. When the initial gases contain no\nheavy elements, the evolution of proto-clouds sensitively depends on the\ninitial radius. For a smaller initial radius, the initial star burst is so\nintense that the subsequent star formation occurs in the central regions to\nform a dense star cluster as massive as the globular cluster. When the initial\ngases contain some heavy elements, the metallicity of gases affects the\nevolution and the final stellar mass. If the initial radius of the\nproto-globular clouds was relatively large, the formation of a star cluster as\nmassive as the globular clusters requires the initial metallicity as high as\n[Fe/H] $\\geq -2$. The self-enrichment of heavy elements in the star cluster\ndoes not occur in all cases.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001333"}
astro-ph/0001334
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{"Title": "Shock Excitation in Interacting Galaxies: Mkn 266", "Authors": "R. Davies, M. Ward, H. Sugai", "Abstract": " We present near infrared data on the luminous interacting system Mkn 266 (NGC\n5256), comprising 2um continuum, and Br_gamma and 1-0S(1) emission line images,\ntogether with K-band spectra. We have fitted stellar templates to the\ncontinuum, allowing us to account for all the stellar features and hence detect\neven faint gas excitation emission lines, including 8 and 11 H_2 lines in the\nSW and NE nuclei respectively. Population diagrams for the excited H_2\nmolecules indicate that most of the 1-0S(1) in each of the nuclei has a thermal\norigin. We discuss this with reference to the observed morphologies, especially\nthat of the 1-0S(1) line. In particular, the core of 1-0S(1) in the NE nucleus\nis more compact than the 2um continuum; while in the SW nucleus the 1-0S(1) is\nsignificantly offset by 500pc from the continuum (and other) emission. Lastly\nwe address the issue of the region midway between the two nuclei, where\npreviously a strong source of radio continuum has been observed. These results\nare set in the context of interacting galaxies where shock excited emission\nmight be expected to occur as a direct consequence of the interaction.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001334"}
astro-ph/0001335
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{"Title": "Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Classes", "Authors": "Jon Hakkila (1), David J. Haglin (1), Richard J. Roiger (1), Robert S.\n Mallozzi (2), Geoffrey N. Pendleton (2), Charles A. Meegan (3) ((1) Minnesota\n State University, Mankato, (2) University of Alabama in Huntsville, (3)\n NASA/MSFC)", "Abstract": " The three gamma-ray burst (GRB) classes identified by statistical clustering\nanalysis (Mukherjee et al. 1998) are examined using the pattern recognition\nalgorithm C4.5 (Quinlan 1986). Although the statistical existence of Class 3\n(intermediate duration, intermediate fluence, soft) is supported, the\nproperties of this class do not need to arise from a distinct source\npopulation. Class 3 properties can easily be produced from Class 1 (long, high\nfluence, intermediate hardness) by a combination of measurement error,\nhardness/intensity correlation, and a newly-identified BATSE bias (the fluence\nduration bias). Class 2 (short, low fluence, hard) does not appear to be\nrelated to Class 1.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001335"}
astro-ph/0001336
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{"Title": "ISO Spectroscopy of H2 in Star Forming Regions", "Authors": "M.E. van den Ancker (CfA, Univ. of Amsterdam), P.R. Wesselius (SRON\n Groningen) and A.G.G.M. Tielens (Groningen University)", "Abstract": " We have studied molecular hydrogen emission in a sample of 21 YSOs using\nspectra obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). H2 emission was\ndetected in 12 sources and can be explained as arising in either a shock,\ncaused by the interaction of an outflow from an embedded YSO with the\nsurrounding molecular cloud, or in a PDR surrounding an exposed young\nearly-type star. The distinction between these two mechanisms can not always be\nmade from the pure rotational H2 lines alone. Other tracers, such as PAH\nemission or [S I] 25.25 micron emission, are needed to identify the H2 heating\nmechanism. No deviations from a 3:1 ortho/para ratio of H2 were found. Both\nshocks and PDRs show a warm and a hot component in H2, which we explain as\nthermal emission from warm molecular gas (warm component), or UV-pumped\ninfrared fluorescence in the case of PDRs and the re-formation of H2 for shocks\n(hot component).\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001336"}
astro-ph/0001337
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{"Title": "Non-parametric star formation histories for 5 dwarf spheroidal galaxies\n of the local group", "Authors": "X. Hernandez (1,2), Gerard Gilmore (1) and David Valls-Gabaud (3,1)\n ((1) Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, (2) Instituto de\n Astronomia, UNAM (3) UMR CNRS 7550, Observatoire de Strasbourg)", "Abstract": " We use recent HST colour-magnitude diagrams of the resolved stellar\npopulations of a sample of local dSph galaxies (Carina, LeoI, LeoII, Ursa Minor\nand Draco) to infer the star formation histories of these systems, $SFR(t)$.\nApplying a new variational calculus maximum likelihood method which includes a\nfull Bayesian analysis and allows a non-parametric estimate of the function one\nis solving for, we infer the star formation histories of the systems studied.\nThis method has the advantage of yielding an objective answer, as one need not\nassume {\\it a priori} the form of the function one is trying to recover. The\nresults are checked independently using Saha's $W$ statistic. The total\nluminosities of the systems are used to normalize the results into physical\nunits and derive SN type II rates. We derive the luminosity weighted mean star\nformation history of this sample of galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001337"}
astro-ph/0001338
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{"Title": "The Fluence Duration Bias", "Authors": "Jon Hakkila (1), Charles A. Meegan (2), Geoffrey N. Pendleton (3),\n Robert S. Mallozzi (3), David J. Haglin (1), Richard J. Roiger (1) ((1)\n Minnesota State University, Mankato, (2) NASA/MSFC, (3) University of Alabama\n in Huntsville)", "Abstract": " The fluence duration bias causes fluences and durations of faint gamma-ray\nbursts to be systematically underestimated relative to their peak fluxes. Using\nMonte Carlo analysis, we demonstrate how this effect explains characteristics\nof structure of the fluence vs. 1024 ms peak flux diagram. Evidence of this\nbias exists in the BATSE fluence duration database, and provides a partial\nexplanation for the existence of burst class properties.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001338"}
astro-ph/0001339
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{"Title": "GRB Spectral Hardness and Afterglow Properties", "Authors": "Jon Hakkila (1), Timothy Giblin (2), Robert D. Preece (2) ((1)\n Minnesota State University, Mankato, (2) University of Alabama in Huntsville)", "Abstract": " A possible relationship between the presence of a radio afterglow and\ngamma-ray burst spectral hardness is discussed. The correlation is marginally\nsignificant; the spectral hardness of the bursts with radio afterglows\napparently results from a combination of the break energy Ebreak and the\nhigh-energy spectral index beta. If valid, this relationship would indicate\nthat the afterglow does carry information pertaining to the GRB central engine.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001339"}
astro-ph/0001340
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{"Title": "A Simple BATSE Measure of GRB Duty Cycle", "Authors": "Jon Hakkila (1), Robert D. Preece (2), Geoffrey N. Pendleton (2) ((1)\n Minnesota State University, Mankato, (2) University of Alabama in Huntsville)", "Abstract": " We introduce a definition of gamma-ray burst (GRB) duty cycle that describes\nthe GRB's efficiency as an emitter; it is the GRB's average flux relative to\nthe peak flux. This GRB duty cycle is easily described in terms of measured\nBATSE parameters; it is essentially fluence divided by the quantity peak flux\ntimes duration. Since fluence and duration are two of the three defining\ncharacteristics of the GRB classes identified by statistical clustering\ntechniques (the other is spectral hardness), duty cycle is a potentially\nvaluable probe for studying properties of these classes.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001340"}
astro-ph/0001341
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{"Title": "Radio Pulsar Death Line Revisited: Is PSR J2144-3933 Anomalous?", "Authors": "Bing Zhang (1, 2), Alice K. Harding (1) and Alexander G. Muslimov (3)\n ((1) NASA/GSFC, (2) NRC research associate, (3) SM&A Corporation)", "Abstract": " We reinvestigate the radio pulsar ``death lines'' within the framework of two\ndifferent types of polar cap acceleration models, i.e., the vacuum gap model\nand the space-charge-limited flow model, with either curvature radiation or\ninverse Compton scattering photons as the source of pairs. General relativistic\nframe-dragging is taken into account in both models. We find that the inverse\nCompton scattering induced space-charge-limited flow model can sustain strong\npair production in some long-period pulsars, which allows the newly detected\n8.5s pulsar PSR J2144-3933 to be radio loud, without assuming a special neutron\nstar equation-of-state or ad hoc magnetic field configurations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001341"}
astro-ph/0001342
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{"Title": "Structure of the globular cluster M15 and constraints on a massive\n central black hole", "Authors": "Roeland P. van der Marel (STScI, Baltimore)", "Abstract": " Globular clusters could harbor massive central black holes (BHs), just as\ngalaxies do. So far, no unambiguous detection of a massive BH has been reported\nfor any globular cluster. However, the dense core-collapsed cluster M15 seems\nto be a good candidate. I review the available photometric and kinematic data\nfor this cluster. Both are consistent with a BH of approximately 2000 solar\nmasses, although such a BH is not unambiguously required by the data. I discuss\nsome ongoing studies with Keck and HST which should shed more light on this\nissue in the coming years.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001342"}
astro-ph/0001343
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{"Title": "Gravitational Radiation from Strongly Magnetized White Dwarfs", "Authors": "Jeremy S. Heyl", "Abstract": " The magnetic fields of white dwarfs distort their shape generating an\nanisotropic moment of inertia. A magnetized white dwarf which rotates obliquely\nrelative to the symmetry axis has a mass quadrupole moment which varies in\ntime, so it will emit gravitational radiation. LISA may be able to detect the\ngravitational waves from two nearby, quickly rotating white dwarfs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001343"}
astro-ph/0001344
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{"Title": "Stochastic Acceleration and Non-Thermal Radiation in Clusters of\n Galaxies", "Authors": "Pasquale Blasi (Fermilab)", "Abstract": " We calculate the distribution of electrons in clusters of galaxies, resulting\nfrom thermalization processes in the presence of stochastic acceleration due to\nplasma waves. We show that the electron distribution can deviate from a\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution, due to the effect of the stochastic energy\ngain, provided waves can be sustained against damping. The non-thermal tail of\nelectrons can generate as bremsstrahlung emission a flux of hard X-rays\ncompatible with the ones recently detected in some clusters of galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001344"}
astro-ph/0001345
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{"Title": "The Pulse Scale Conjecture and the Case of BATSE Trigger 2193", "Authors": "Robert J. Nemiroff (Michigan Tech)", "Abstract": " The pulses that compose gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are hypothesized to have the\nsame shape at all energies, differing only by scale factors in time and\namplitude. This \"Pulse Scale Conjecture\" is confirmed here between energy\nchannels of the dominant pulse in GRB 930214c (BATSE trigger 2193), the single\nmost fluent single-pulsed GRB that occurred before May 1998. Furthermore,\npulses are hypothesized to start at the same time independent of energy. This\n\"Pulse Start Conjecture\" is also confirmed in GRB 930214c. Analysis of GRB\n930214c also shows that, in general, higher energy channels show shorter\ntemporal scale factors. Over the energy range 100 KeV - 1 MeV, it is found that\nthe temporal scale factors between a pulse measured at different energies are\nrelated to that energy by a power law, possibly indicating a simple\nrelativistic mechanism is at work. To test robustness, the Pulse Start and\nPulse Scale Conjectures were also tested on the four next most fluent\nsingle-pulse GRBs. Three of the four clearly passed, with a second smaller\npulse possibly confounding the discrepant test. Models where the pulse rise and\ndecay are created by different phenomena do not typically predict pulses that\nsatisfy both the Pulse Start Conjecture and the Pulse Scale Conjecture, unless\nboth processes are seen to undergo common time dilation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001345"}
astro-ph/0001346
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{"Title": "HST Observations and Photoionization Modeling of the LINER Galaxy NGC\n 1052", "Authors": "J. R. Gabel, F. C. Bruhweiler, D. M. Crenshaw, S. B. Kraemer, and C.\n L. Miskey (Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences / Department\n of Physics, The Catholic University of America)", "Abstract": " We present a study of available Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectroscopic\nand imaging observations of the low ionization nuclear emission line region\n(LINER) galaxy NGC 1052. The WFPC2 imagery clearly differentiates extended\nnebular Halpha emission from that of the compact core. Faint Object\nSpectrograph (FOS) observations provide a full set of optical and UV data\n(1200-6800 Angstroms).\n These spectral data sample the innermost region (0.\"86 x 0.\"86 ~ 82pc x 82pc)\nand exclude the extended Halpha emission seen in the WFPC2 image. The derived\nemission line fluxes allow a detailed analysis of the physical conditions\nwithin the nucleus. The measured flux ratio for Halpha/Hbeta,\nF{Halpha}/F{Hbeta}=4.53, indicates substantial intrinsic reddening,\nE(B-V)=0.42, for the nuclear nebular emission. This is the first finding of a\nlarge extinction of the nuclear emission line fluxes in NGC 1052. If the\ncentral ionizing continuum is assumed to be attenuated by a comparable amount,\nthen the emission line fluxes can be reproduced well by a simple\nphotoionization model using a central power law continuum source with a\nspectral index of alpha = -1.2 as deduced from the observed flux distribution.\nA multi-density, dusty gas gives the best fit to the observed emission line\nspectrum. Our calculations show that the small contribution from a highly\nionized gas observed in NGC 1052 can also be reproduced solely by\nphotoionization modeling. The high gas covering factor determined from our\nmodel is consistent with the assumption that our line of sight to the central\nengine is obscured.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001346"}
astro-ph/0001347
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{"Title": "Halo Profiles and the Nonlinear Two- and Three-Point Correlation\n Functions of Cosmological Mass Density", "Authors": "Chung-Pei Ma (U. Penn.), J. N. Fry (U. Florida)", "Abstract": " We investigate the nonlinear two- and three-point correlation functions of\nthe cosmological density field in Fourier space and test the popular\nhierarchical clustering model, that the three-point amplitude Q is independent\nof scale. In high-resolution N-body simulations of both n=-2 scale-free and\ncold dark matter models, we find that Q at late times is not constant but\nincreases with wavenumber far into the nonlinear regime. Self-similar scaling\nalso does not hold as rigorously for the three-point function as for the\ntwo-point function in the n=-2 simulation, perhaps a manifestation of the\nfinite simulation volume. We suggest that a better understanding of the two-\nand three-point correlation functions in the nonlinear regime lies in the link\nto the density profiles of dark matter halos. We demonstrate and quantify how\nthe slopes of the correlation functions are affected by the slope of the halo\nprofiles using simple halo shapes and analytic clustering models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001347"}
astro-ph/0001348
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{"Title": "Non-Gaussianity and the recovery of the mass power spectrum from the\n Ly$\\alpha$ forest", "Authors": "Long-Long Feng, Li-Zhi Fang", "Abstract": " We investigate the effect of non-Gaussianity on the reconstruction of the\ninitial mass field from the Ly$\\alpha$ forest. We show that the transmitted\nflux of QSO absorption spectra are highly non-Gaussian in terms of the\nstatistics, the kurtosis spectrum and scale-scale correlation. These\nnon-Gaussianities can not be completely removed by the conventional algorithm\nof Gaussianization, and the scale-scale correlations are largely retained in\nthe mass field recovered by the Gaussian mapping. Therefore, the mass power\nspectrum recovered by the conventional algorithm is systematically lower than\nthe initial mass spectrum on scales at which the local scale-scale correlation\nis substantial. To reduce the non-Gaussian contamination, we present two\nmethods. The first is to perform the Gaussianization scale-by-scale using the\ndiscrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposition. We show that the non-Gaussian\nfeatures of the Ly$\\alpha$ forest basically will no longer exist in the\nscale-by-scale Gaussianized mass field. The second method is to choose a proper\northonormal basis (representation) to suppress the effect of the non-Gaussian\ncorrelations. In the quasilinear regime of cosmic structure formation, the DWT\npower spectrum is efficient for suppressing the non-Gaussian contamination.\nThese two methods significantly improve the recovery of the mass power spectrum\nfrom the Ly$\\alpha$ forest.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001348"}
astro-ph/0001349
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{"Title": "Infrared Imaging of z=2.43 Radio Galaxy B3 0731+438 with the Subaru\n Telescope - Detection of H$\\alpha$ Ionization Cones of a Powerful Radio\n Galaxy", "Authors": "Kentaro Motohara, Fumihide Iwamuro, Hiroshi Terada, Miwa Goto,\n Jun'ichi Iwai, Hirohisa Tanabe, Tomoyuki Taguchi, Ryuji Hata, Toshinori\n Maihara, Shin Oya, Masanori Iye, George Kosugi, Jun'ichi Noumaru, Ryusuke\n Ogasawara, Toshinori Sasaki, Tadafumi Takata", "Abstract": " We report on infrared imaging observations of the z=2.429 radio galaxy B3\n0731+438 with the Subaru telescope. The images were taken with the K'-band\nfilter and the 2.25 um narrow-band filter to examine the structure and\nproperties of the Ha+[N II] 6548,6583 emission-line components. The Ha+[N II]\nemission-line image shows biconical lobes with an extent of 40 kpc, which are\naligned with the radio axis. The rest-frame equivalent widths of the emission\nlines at these cones are as large as 1100 AA, and can be well explained by a\ngas-cloud model photoionized by power-law continuum radiation. The isotropic\nionizing photon luminosity necessary to ionize the hydrogen gas in these cones\namounts to 1e57(photons/s), which is larger than that in the majority of\nradio-loud QSOs. From these results, we propose that the Ha alignment effect in\nthis object is produced by biconical gas clouds, which are swept up by the\npassage of radio jets, and are ionized by strong UV radiation from a hidden\nAGN. The continuum image consists of two components, a stellar-like point\nsource and an extended diffuse galaxy. These are supposed to be a type-2 AGN\nand its host galaxy. The SED is fitted by a combination of spectra of a\nreddened dust-scattered AGN and an instantaneous starburst population of 500\nMyr old. The stellar mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 3e11 M_solar, which\nis as large as that of typical 3C radio galaxies at z=1.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001349"}
astro-ph/0001350
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{"Title": "Gas Streams and Spiral Structure in the Milky Way", "Authors": "Peter Englmaier", "Abstract": " The observed gas dynamics in the Milky Way can only be explained by a bar in\nthe galactic center. Such a bar is directly visible in the near-IR maps of the\nbulge, where it causes a distinctive asymmetric light distribution pattern.\nAnother large-scale structure is the grand-design 4-arm spiral pattern, most\nclearly observed in the spatial distribution of molecular gas and HII-regions.\n In order to model the observed gas flow structure, we constructed a model for\nthe stellar mass distribution. For the inner 5 $\\kpc$ we used the 3D\ndeprojected near-IR light distribution, as observed by the COBE/DIRBE\nexperiment, and added an analytical disk model outside the box as well as a\nhalo model. With this frozen mass distribution, we computed the stationary gas\nflow for various deprojection parameters and pattern speeds. For all reasonable\nparameter choices, we obtain a 4-armed spiral pattern, which can be matched to\nthe observed spiral arms.\n In the bar region, our model can explain the non-circular motion visible in\nthe terminal velocity curve as well as part of the forbidden velocities. Inside\nthe corotation, we also find 4 spiral arms, the nearest arm corresponds to the\n3-kpc-arm, although only qualitatively. The missing southern 3-kpc-arm at the\nfar end of the galaxy is explained by running parallel to another arm. Close to\nthe center, we find gas on circular orbits forming a disk. Such a disk has been\nobserved in emission of the CS molecule, however only part of the disk appears\nto be occupied by dense enough gas to be traced by CS. Further we compare our\nmodel to the distribution of OH/IR stars in the inner galaxy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001350"}
astro-ph/0001351
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{"Title": "Delta Scuti Stars in Stellar Systems: a Review", "Authors": "P. Lampens and H.M.J. Boffin", "Abstract": " We present a list of delta Scuti stars in double and multiple systems,\nranging from the very wide binaries to the very close ones such as\nspectroscopic and eclipsing systems including the optical visual pairs which\nare of no further use here. Our aim is to group the information from the\nbinarity on the one hand and the pulsational characteristics on the other hand\nfor as complete a sample as possible of delta Scuti stars in stellar systems. A\nselection of 18 well-documented cases, taking care that every type of binary is\nbeing represented, is discussed more extensively.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001351"}
astro-ph/0001352
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{"Title": "Evolution of the Magnetic Field in Accreting Neutron Stars", "Authors": "Sushan Konar", "Abstract": " There has been sufficient observational indication suggesting a causal\nconnection between the binary history of neutron stars and the evolution of\ntheir magnetic field. In particular, it is believed that the generation of the\nlow-field millisecond pulsars is a consequence of the processing of normal\nhigh-field neutron stars in binary systems. We try to understand the mechanism\nof field evolution in neutron stars that are members of binary systems with an\naim to understand the problem of millisecond pulsar generation. To this end we\nhave looked at four related problems : i. the effect of diamagnetic screening\non the final field of a neutron star accreting material from its binary\ncompanion; ii. evolution of magnetic flux located in the crust of an accreting\nneutron star; iii. application of the above-mentioned model to real systems and\na comparison with observations; iv. an investigation into the consequences of\nmagnetic flux being initially located in the core of the star and its\nobservational implications.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001352"}
astro-ph/0001353
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{"Title": "On the Viewing Angle Dependence of Blazar Variability", "Authors": "Avigdor Eldar, Amir Levinson (TAU)", "Abstract": " Internal shocks propagating through an ambient radiation field, are subject\nto a radiative drag that, under certain conditions, can significantly affect\ntheir dynamics and, consequently, the evolution of the beaming cone of emission\nproduced behind the shocks. The resultant change of the Doppler factor combined\nwith opacity effects leads to a strong dependence of the variability pattern\nproduced by such systems, specifically, the shape of the light curves and the\ncharacteristics of correlated emission, on viewing angle. One implication is\nthat objects oriented at relatively large viewing angles to the observer should\nexhibit a higher level of activity at high synchrotron frequencies (above the\nself-absorption frequency) and at gamma-ray energies below the threshold energy\nto pair production, than at lower (radio/millimeter) frequencies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001353"}
astro-ph/0001354
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{"Title": "New Constraints from High Redshift Supernovae and Lensing Statistics\n upon Scalar Field Cosmologies", "Authors": "Ioav Waga (Rio de Janeiro Federal U.) and Joshua A. Frieman (Fermilab\n & Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.)", "Abstract": " We explore the implications of gravitationally lensed QSOs and high-redshift\nSNe Ia observations for spatially flat cosmological models in which a\nclassically evolving scalar field currently dominates the energy density of the\nUniverse. We consider two representative scalar field potentials that give rise\nto effective decaying $\\Lambda $ (``quintessence'') models:\npseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons ($V(\\phi)=M^4(1+\\cos (\\phi /f)) $) and an inverse\npower-law potential ($V(\\phi)=M^{4+\\alpha}\\phi ^{-\\alpha}$). We show that a\nlarge region of parameter space is consistent with current data if $\\Omega_{m0}\n> 0.15$. On the other hand, a higher lower bound for the matter density\nparameter suggested by large-scale galaxy flows, $\\Omega_{m0} > 0.3$,\nconsiderably reduces the allowed parameter space, forcing the scalar field\nbehavior to approach that of a cosmological constant.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001354"}
astro-ph/0001355
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{"Title": "Pulse shape and spectrum of PSR J0218+4232 observed with BeppoSAX", "Authors": "T. Mineo, G. Cusumano, L. Kuiper, W. Hermsen, E. Massaro, W. Becker,\n L. Nicastro, B. Sacco, F. Verbunt, A.G. Lyne, I.H. Stairs and S. Shibata", "Abstract": " We present the results of a BeppoSAX observation of PSR J0218+4232 which, for\nthe first time, provides detailed information on the pulsar's temporal and\nspectral emission properties in the broad band 1-10 keV. We detected X-ray\npulses with a pulsed fraction of 73 +/- 12 %. The pulse profile is\ncharacterized by two peaks phase separated by 0.47 +/-0.05. The pulsed spectrum\nis best described by a power-law of photon index 0.61 +/- 0.32 with an\nunabsorbed (2-10 keV) X-ray flux of 4.1E-13 erg/cm^2/s implying a luminosity of\nLx = 1.3E32 Theta (d/5.7 kpc})^2 erg/s and an X-ray efficiency of 4.8E-4 Theta\n(d/5.7 kpc})^2 where Theta is the solid angle spanned by the emission beam.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001355"}
astro-ph/0001356
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{"Title": "Weak Lensing by High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies - I: Cluster Mass\n Reconstruction", "Authors": "D. Clowe (1,2), G. Luppino (1), N. Kaiser (1), I. Gioia (1,3) ((1)\n IfA, (2) MPA, (3) Bologna)", "Abstract": " We present the results of a weak lensing survey of six high-redshift (z >\n0.5), X-ray selected clusters of galaxies. We have obtained ultra-deep R-band\nimages of each cluster with the Keck Telescope, and have measured a weak\nlensing signal from each cluster. From the background galaxy ellipticities we\ncreate two-dimensional maps of the surface mass density of each cluster. We\nfind that the substructure seen in the mass reconstructions typically agree\nwell with substructure in both the cluster galaxy distributions and X-ray\nimages of the clusters. We also measure the one-dimensional radial profiles of\nthe lensing signals and fit these with both isothermal spheres and \"universal\"\nCDM profiles. We find that the more massive clusters are less compact and not\nas well fit by isothermal spheres as the less massive clusters, possibly\nindicating that they are still in the process of collapse.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001356"}
astro-ph/0001357
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{"Title": "BVRcIc photometry of GRB 980703 and GRB 990123 host galaxies", "Authors": "V.V. Sokolov, T.A. Fatkhullin, V.N. Komarova", "Abstract": " We present a photometry of GRB 980703 and GRB 990123 host galaxies which was\nperformed about 20 days and a half year after gamma-ray bursts occured,\nrespectively. The contributions of the optical transiets (OT) were negligible\nin both cases. We derived broad band BVR_cI_c spectra of the host galaxies and\ncompared them to continuum spectra of different Hubble-type galaxies and\naveraged spectra of starburst galaxies. For H_0=60 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} and three\nFriedmann cosmological models with matter density and cosmological constant\nparameters (Omega_m,Omega_Lambda) = (1,0),(0,0),(0,1) we estimated M_Brest and\nstar-forming rates (SFRs) using the fluxes in photometric bands for the host\ngalaxies. Within the range of cosmological parameters our estimates of the\nabsolute magnitudes are: M_Brest = -20.60 .. -21.73 for the GRB 980703 host\ngalaxy and M_Brest = -20.20 .. -21.82 for the GRB 990123 host galaxy. We\nobtained estimates of K-correction values and absolute magnitudes of the host\ngalaxies using SEDs for star-forming galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001357"}
astro-ph/0001358
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{"Title": "Modeling the Photoionized Interface in Blister HII Regions", "Authors": "Ravi Sankrit (JHU) and J. Jeff Hester (ASU)", "Abstract": " We present a grid of photoionization models for the emission from\nphotoevaporative interfaces between the ionized gas and molecular cloud in\nblister HII regions. For the density profiles of the emitting gas in the\nmodels, we use a general power law form calculated for photoionized,\nphotoevaporative flows by Bertoldi (1989). We find that the spatial emission\nline profiles are dependent on the incident flux, the shape of the ionizing\ncontinuum and the elemental abundances. In particular, we find that the peak\nemissivity of the [SII] and [NII] lines are more sensitive to the elemental\nabundances than are the total line intensities. The diagnostics obtained from\nthe grid of models can be used in conjunction with high spatial resolution data\nto infer the properties of ionized interfaces in blister HII regions. As an\nexample, we consider a location at the tip of an ``elephant trunk'' structure\nin M16 (the Eagle Nebula) and show how narrow band HST-WFPC2 images constrain\nthe HII region properties. We present a photoionization model that explains the\nionization structure and emission from the interface seen in these high spatial\nresolution data.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001358"}
astro-ph/0001359
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{"Title": "Gravitational microlensing source limb-darkening and\n limb-polarization,~I: angle-averaged amplification functions", "Authors": "Norman Gray (University of Glasgow, UK)", "Abstract": " There is increasing interest in extended source effects in microlensing\nevents, as probes of the unresolved sources. Previous work has either presumed\na uniform source, or else required an approximate or numerical treatment of the\namplification function averaged over the source disk. In this paper, I present\nanalytic expressions for the angle-averaged amplification functions for the\nrotationally-symmetric intensity and polarization cases.\n These integrals will allow us to use the technology of inverse problems to\nstudy the source limb-darkening and limb-polarization functions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001359"}
astro-ph/0001360
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{"Title": "X-ray Surveys of the obscured Universe", "Authors": "Guenther Hasinger (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam)", "Abstract": " Deep X-ray surveys have shown that the cosmic X-ray background (XRB) is\nlargely due to accretion onto supermassive black holes, integrated over cosmic\ntime. However, the characteristic hard spectrum of the XRB can only be\nexplained if most AGN spectra are heavily absorbed. The absorbed AGN will\nsuffer severe extinction and therefore, unlike classical QSOs, will not be\nprominent at optical wavelengths. Most of the accretion power is being absorbed\nby gas and dust and will have to be reradiated in the FIR/sub-mm band. AGN\ncould therefore contribute a substantial fraction to the recently discovered\ncosmic FIR/sub-mm background. Here it is shown that a number of high-redshift\nabsorbed X-ray sources selected in the ROSAT Deep Survey of the Lockman Hole\nhave broad-band spectral energy distributions very similar to the local ULIRG\nNGC6240, lending additional support to the background models for the obscured\nuniverse.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001360"}
astro-ph/0001361
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{"Title": "Best Unbiased Estimators for the Three-Point Correlators of the Cosmic\n Microwave Background Radiation", "Authors": "Alejandro Gangui and Jerome Martin", "Abstract": " Measuring the three-point correlators of the Cosmic Microwave Background\n(CMB) anisotropies could help to get a handle on the level of non-Gaussianity\npresent in the observational datasets and therefore would strongly constrain\nmodels of the early Universe. However, typically, the expected non-Gaussian\nsignal is very small. Therefore, one has to face the problem of extracting it\nfrom the noise, in particular from the `cosmic variance' noise. For this\npurpose, one has to construct the best unbiased estimators for the three-point\ncorrelators that are needed for concrete detections of non-Gaussian features.\nIn this article, we study this problem for both the CMB third moment and the\nCMB angular bispectrum. We emphasize that the knowledge of the best estimator\nfor the former does not permit one to infer the best estimator for the latter\nand vice versa. We present the corresponding best unbiased estimators in both\ncases and compute their corresponding cosmic variances.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001361"}
astro-ph/0001362
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{"Title": "Mirror Dark Matter and Core Density of Galaxies", "Authors": "Rabindra N. Mohapatra and Vigdor L. Teplitz", "Abstract": " We present a particle physics realization of a recent suggestion by Spergel\nand Steinhardt that collisional but dissipationless dark matter may resolve the\ncore density problem in dark matter-dominated galaxies such as the dwarf\ngalaxies. The realization is the asymmetric mirror universe model introduced to\nexplain the neutrino puzzles and the microlensing anomaly. The mirror baryons\nare the dark matter particles with the desired properties. The time scales are\nright for resolution of the core density problem and formation of mirror stars\n(MACHOs observed in microlensing experiments). The mass of the region\nhomogenized by Silk damping is between a dwarf and a large galaxy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001362"}
astro-ph/0001363
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{"Title": "Vorticity Budget of Weak Thermal Convection in Keplerian disks", "Authors": "Pin-Gao Gu (JHU/UT Austin)", "Abstract": " By employing the equations of mean-square vorticity (enstrophy) fluctuations\nin strong shear flows, we demonstrate that unlike energy production of\nturbulent vorticity in nonrotating shear flows, the turbulent vorticity of weak\nconvection in Keplerian disks cannot gain energy from vortex stretching/tilting\nby background shear unless the asscoiated Reynolds stresses are negative. This\nis because the epicyclic motion is an energy sink of the radial component of\nmean-square turbulent vorticity in Keplerian disks when Reynolds stresses are\npositive. Consequently, weak convection cannot be self-sustained in Keplerian\nflows. This agrees with the results implied from the equations of mean-square\nvelocity fluctuations in strong shear flows. Our analysis also sheds light on\nthe explanation of the simulation result in which positive kinetic helicity is\nproduced by the Balbus-Hawley instability in a vertically stratified Keplerian\ndisk. We also comment on the possibility of outward angular momentum transport\nby strong convection based on azimuthal pressure perturbations and directions\nof energy cascade.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001363"}
astro-ph/0001364
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{"Title": "New Techniques for Relating Dynamically Close Galaxy Pairs to Merger and\n Accretion Rates : Application to the SSRS2 Redshift Survey", "Authors": "D. R. Patton (University of Toronto), R. G. Carlberg (University of\n Toronto), R. O. Marzke (OCIW), C. J. Pritchet (University of Victoria), L. N.\n da Costa (ESO), and P. S. Pellegrini (Observatorio Nacional)", "Abstract": " We introduce two new pair statistics, which relate close galaxy pairs to the\nmerger and accretion rates. We demonstrate the importance of correcting these\n(and other) pair statistics for selection effects related to sample depth and\ncompleteness. In particular, we highlight the severe bias that can result from\nthe use of a flux-limited survey. The first statistic, denoted N_c, gives the\nnumber of companions per galaxy, within a specified range in absolute\nmagnitude. N_c is directly related to the galaxy merger rate. The second\nstatistic, called L_c, gives the total luminosity in companions, per galaxy.\nThis quantity can be used to investigate the mass accretion rate. Both N_c and\nL_c are related to the galaxy correlation function and luminosity function in a\nstraightforward manner. We outline techniques which account for various\nselection effects, and demonstrate the success of this approach using Monte\nCarlo simulations. If one assumes that clustering is independent of luminosity\n(which is appropriate for reasonable ranges in luminosity), then these\nstatistics may be applied to flux-limited surveys.\n These techniques are applied to a sample of 5426 galaxies in the SSRS2\nredshift survey. Using close dynamical pairs, we find N_c(-21<M_B<-18) =\n0.0226+/-0.0052 and L_c(-21<M_B<-18) = 0.0216+/-0.0055 10^{10} h^2 L_sun at\nz=0.015. These are the first secure estimates of low-z close pair statistics.\nIf N_c remains fixed with redshift, simple assumptions imply that ~ 6.6% of\npresent day galaxies with -21<M_B<-18 have undergone mergers since z=1. When\napplied to redshift surveys of more distant galaxies, these techniques will\nyield the first robust estimates of evolution in the galaxy merger and\naccretion rates. [Abridged]\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001364"}
astro-ph/0001365
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{"Title": "Starquake-Induced Glitches in Pulsars", "Authors": "Richard I. Epstein (1) and Bennett Link (2 and 1) ((1) Los Alamos\n National Laboratory, (2) Montana State University)", "Abstract": " The neutron star crust is rigid material floating on a neutron-proton liquid\ncore. As the star's spin rate slows, the changing stellar shape stresses the\ncrust and causes fractures. These starquakes may trigger pulsar glitches as\nwell as the jumps in spin-down rate that are observed to persist after some\nglitches. Earlier studies found that starquakes in spinning-down neutron stars\npush matter toward the magnetic poles, causing temporary misalignment of the\nstar's spin and angular momentum. After the star relaxes to a new equilibrium\norientation, the magnetic poles are closer to the equator, and the magnetic\nbraking torque is increased. The magnitude and sign of the predicted torque\nchanges are in agreement with the observed persistent spin-down offsets. Here\nwe examine the relaxation processes by which the new equilibrium orientation is\nreached. We find that the neutron superfluid in the inner crust slows as the\nstar's spin realigns with the angular momentum, causing the crust to spin more\nrapidly. For plausible parameters the time scale and the magnitude of the\ncrust's spin up agree with the giant glitches in the Vela and other pulsars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001365"}
astro-ph/0001366
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{"Title": "The abundance of high-redshift objects as a probe of non-Gaussian\n initial conditions", "Authors": "Sabino Matarrese (MPA & Padova), Licia Verde (IfA, Edinburgh), Raul\n Jimenez (IfA, Edinburgh)", "Abstract": " The observed abundance of high-redshift galaxies and clusters contains\nprecious information about the properties of the initial perturbations. We\npresent a method to compute analytically the number density of objects as a\nfunction of mass and redshift for a range of physically motivated non-Gaussian\nmodels. In these models the non-Gaussianity can be dialed from zero and is\nassumed to be small. We compute the probability density function for the\nsmoothed dark matter density field and we extend the Press and Schechter\napproach to mildly non-Gaussian density fields. The abundance of high-redshift\nobjects can be directly related to the non-Gaussianity parameter and thus to\nthe physical processes that generated deviations from the Gaussian behaviour.\nEven a skewness parameter of order 0.1 implies a dramatic change in the\npredicted abundance of $z\\gap 1$ objects. Observations from NGST and X-ray\nsatellites (XMM) can be used to accurately measure the amount of\nnon-Gaussianity in the primordial density field.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001366"}
astro-ph/0001367
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{"Title": "Thermal X-Ray Pulses Resulting From Pulsar Glitches", "Authors": "Anisia P.S.Tang and K.S. Cheng (Dept. of Physics, HKU)", "Abstract": " The non-spherically symmetric transport equations and exact thermal evolution\nmodel are used to calculate the transient thermal response to pulsars. The\nthree possible ways of energy release originated from glitches, namely the\n`shell', `ring' and `spot' cases are compared. The X-ray light curves resulting\nfrom the thermal response to the glitches are calculated. Only the `spot' case\nand the `ring' case are considered because the `shell' case does not produce\nsignificant modulative X-rays. The magnetic field ($\\vec B$) effect, the\nrelativistic light bending effect and the rotational effect on the photons\nbeing emitted in a finite region are considered. Various sets of parameters\nresult in different evolution patterns of light curves. We find that this\nmodulated thermal X-ray radiation resulting from glitches may provide some\nuseful constraints on glitch models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001367"}
astro-ph/0001368
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{"Title": "Nanoarcsecond single-dish imaging of the Vela pulsar", "Authors": "J.-P. Macquart (1), S. Johnston (1), M. Walker (1), D. Stinebring (2)\n ((1) University of Sydney, (2) Oberlin College)", "Abstract": " We have measured the properties of the diffractive scintillation toward the\nVela pulsar under the extremely strong scattering conditions encountered at 660\nMHz. We obtain a decorrelation bandwidth of $\\nu_d = 244 \\pm 4$ Hz and\ndiffractive decorrelation timescale of $t_{\\rm diff} = 3.3\\pm 0.3$ s. Our\nmeasurement of the modulation indices $m=0.87\\pm 0.003\\pm 0.05$ and $m=0.93\\pm\n0.03 \\pm 0.05$ (one for each polarization stream), are at variance with the\nmodulation index of the Vela pulsar obtained at 2.3 GHz by Gwinn et al. (1997)\n{\\it if} the deviation from a modulation index of unity is ascribed to a source\nsize effect.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001368"}
astro-ph/0001369
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{"Title": "On the Determination of Star Formation Rates in Evolving Galaxy\n Populations", "Authors": "J. Afonso (Imperial College), L. Cram (University of Sydney), B.\n Mobasher (Imperial College)", "Abstract": " The redshift dependence of the luminosity density in certain wavebands (e.g.\nUV and H-alpha) can be used to infer the history of star formation in the\npopulations of galaxies producing this luminosity. This history is a useful\ndatum in studies of galaxy evolution. It is therefore important to understand\nthe errors that attend the inference of star formation rate densities from\nluminosity densities. This paper explores the self-consistency of star\nformation rate diagnostics by reproducing commonly used observational\nprocedures in a model with known galaxy populations, evolutionary histories and\nspectral emission properties. The study reveals a number of potential sources\nof error in the diagnostic processes arising from the differential evolution of\ndifferent galaxy types. We argue that multi-wavelength observations can help to\nreduce these errors.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001369"}
astro-ph/0001370
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{"Title": "A Third Star in the T Tauri System", "Authors": "Chris D. Koresko", "Abstract": " New speckle-holographic images of the T Tauri Infrared Companion (T Tauri\nIRC; T Tauri S) reveal it to be a double system with a sky-projected separation\nof 0\".05, corresponding to a linear distance of 7 AU. The presence of this\nthird star may account for the relative paucity of dust surrounding the IRC.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001370"}
astro-ph/0001371
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{"Title": "A direct view of the AGN powering IRAS12393+3520", "Authors": "M.Guainazzi (1,2), M.Dennefeld (3), L.Piro (4), T.Boller (5),\n P.Rafanelli (6), M.Yamauchi (7) ((1) SSD of ESA, ESTEC/SA, Noordwijk, NL; (2)\n XMM SOC, VILSPA, Villafranca del Castillo, E; (3) Istitute d'Astrophysique de\n Paris, F; (4) IAS/CNR, Roma, I; (5) MPIEP, Garching, D; (6) Universita' di\n Padova, I; (7) Miyazaki University, J)", "Abstract": " We report the first direct X-ray evidence that an AGN is hidden in the center\nof IRAS12393+3520. An ASCA observation of this target unveiled a bright (0.5-10\nkeV luminosity 3.9 x 10^42 erg/s) and variable source, with minimum observed\ndoubling/halving time scale comprised in the range 30-75 ks. A model composed\nby a simple power-law, with photon index ~1.8 and an absorption edge, whose\nthreshold energy is consistent with K-shell photoionization of OVII, provides\nan adequate fit of the spectrum. This suggests that we are observing the\nemission from the nuclear region through a warm absorber of N_H a few\n10^{21}/cm/cm. If it has internal dust with Galactic gas-to-dust ratio, it\ncould explain the lack of broad Hbeta emission, even in the episodic presence\nof a broad Halpha emission line. Optical spectra obtained over several years\nshow indeed variations in the strength of this broad Halpha component. A\ndistribution of dusty, optically thick matter on spatial scales a few hundreds\nparsec, which does not intercept the line of sight towards the nucleus, is\nprobably required to account simultaneously for the relative [OIII] luminosity\ndeficit in comparison to the X-rays. The high IR to X-ray luminosity ratio is\nmost likely due to intense star formation in the circumnuclear region.\nIRAS12393+3520 might thus exhibit simultaneously nuclear activity and\nremarkable star formation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001371"}
astro-ph/0001372
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{"Title": "Asteroseismology and Oblique Pulsator Model of Beta Cephei", "Authors": "H. Shibahashi and C. Aerts", "Abstract": " We discuss the oscillation features of Beta Cephei, which is a magnetic star\nin which the magnetic axis seems to be oblique to the rotation axis. We\ninterpret the observed equi-distant fine structures of the frequency spectrum\nas a manifestation of a magnetic perturbation of an eigenmode, which would be a\nradial mode in the absence of the magnetic field. Besides these frequency\ncomponents, we interpret another peak in the frequency spectrum as an\nindependent quadrupole mode. By this mode identification, we deduce the mass,\nthe evolutionary stage, the rotational frequency, the magnetic field strength,\nand the geometrical configuration of Beta Cephei.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001372"}
astro-ph/0001373
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{"Title": "A near infrared photometric plane for ellipticals and bulges of spirals", "Authors": "Habib G. Khosroshahi, Yogesh Wadadekar, Ajit Kembhavi, Bahram Mobasher", "Abstract": " We report the existence of a single plane in the space of global photometric\nparameters describing elliptical galaxies and the bulges of early type spiral\ngalaxies. The three parameters which define the plane are obtained by fitting\nthe Sersic form to the brightness distribution obtained from near-infrared K\nband images. We find, from the range covered by their shape parameters, that\nthe elliptical galaxies form a more homogeneous population than the bulges.\nKnown correlations like the Kormendy relation are projections of the\nphotometric plane. The existence of the plane has interesting implications for\nbulge formation models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001373"}
astro-ph/0001374
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{"Title": "Deductive-reductive determination of the model of our observed Universe", "Authors": "V. Skalsky", "Abstract": " According to the observations, in our expansive and isotropic relativistic\nUniverse for the gravitational phenomena in a Newtonian approximation the\nNewtonian non-modified relations are valid. The Friedmann general equations of\nisotropic and homogeneous universe dynamics describe an infinite number of\nmodels of expansive and isotropic relativistic universe in the Newtonian\napproximation, but only in one of them the Newtonian non-modified relations are\nvalid. These facts give - till now not considered - possibility for unambiguous\ndeductive-reductive determination of the Friedmannian model, which describes\nour observed Universe.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001374"}
astro-ph/0001375
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{"Title": "The X-ray properties of luminous infrared galaxies and their\n contribution to the X-ray background", "Authors": "G. Risaliti", "Abstract": " We present a study of a sample of luminous infrared galaxies (LIGs, L_IR >\n10^11 L_sun) observed in the hard (2-10 keV) X rays. The main results are: 1)\nmost LIGs are powered both by AGN and starburst activity; 2) the AGNs in our\nsample are absorbed in the infrared by a lower N_H than in the X rays or,\nalternatively, the dust-to-gas ratio is lower than galactic; 3) the study of a\nsubsample of sources observed in the 20-200 keV band indicates that most of the\nAGNs hosted by the LIGs are heavily obscured up to 100 keV and, therefore,\ntheir contribution to the X-ray background must be small.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001375"}
astro-ph/0001376
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{"Title": "Evolution of the cluster X-ray luminosity function from the WARPS survey", "Authors": "L. R. Jones, H. Ebeling, C. Scharf, E. Perlman, D. Horner, B. Fairley,\n G. Wegner, M. Malkan", "Abstract": " The evolution of the X-ray luminosity function of clusters of galaxies has\nbeen measured to z=0.85 using over 150 X-ray selected clusters found in the\nWARPS survey. We find no evidence for evolution of the luminosity function at\nany luminosity or redshift. The observations constrain the evolution of the\nspace density of moderate luminosity clusters to be very small, and much less\nthan predicted by most models of the growth of structure with Omega=1.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001376"}
astro-ph/0001377
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{"Title": "Diffusive Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Radio Emission from Large\n Diameter Shell-Type Supernova Remnants", "Authors": "A.I.Asvarov", "Abstract": " In present study I examine the capability of diffusive shock acceleration\nmechanism to explain existing data on radio emission from evolved large\ndiameter shell-type adiabatic supernova remnants (SNRs). Time-dependent\n''onion-shell'' model for the radio emission of SNRs is developed, which is\nbased on the assumptions: a) acceleration takes place from thermal energies and\ntest-particle approximation is valid; b) the problem of injection is avoided by\nintroducing, like Bell (1978), two injection parameters; c) to take into\nconsideration very late stages of SNR evolution the analytic approximation of\nCox and Andersen (1982) for the shell structure is used; c)no radiative\ncooling. Constructed Surface Brightness - Diameter $(\\Sigma -D)$ tracks are\ncompared with the empirical $\\Sigma -D$ diagram. The main conclusion of the\nstudy is that the DSA mechanism is capable of explaining all the statistics of\nradio SNRs including very large diameter remnants and giant galactic loops.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001377"}
astro-ph/0001378
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{"Title": "Ongoing Large Surveys for Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Halo", "Authors": "Norbert Christlieb (Hamburger Sternwarte, Germany), Timothy C. Beers\n (Department of Physics & Astronomy,Michigan State University, USA)", "Abstract": " We report on two major surveys for metal-poor stars in the galactic halo, the\nHK survey, and the Hamburg/ESO survey, which have been undertaken in order to\nprovide targets for high-resolution spectroscopy with the Subaru HDS and other\nlarge telescopes. We compare basic properties of these two surveys and their\ncurrent status, and add some historical remarks.\n The candidate selection procedures of both surveys are described in detail.\nWe evaluate the candidate selection by comparing effective yields (EYs) of the\nsurvey techniques for the identification of metal-poor stars. It is found that\nEY for stars below [Fe/H]=-2.0 in the HES can be up to 80% for stars selected\nby automatic classification from machine-scanned unwidened plates, whereas in\nthe HK survey, where stars are selected by visual inspection of widened survey\nplates, the EY is between 11% and 32%, depending on whether a pre-selection\nbased on BV photometry has been applied.\n Finally, we describe techniques used for determining stellar parameters of\nthe survey stars by means of moderate resolution follow-up spectroscopy, and\nadditional UBV photometry. While follow-up observations of HES stars have just\nbeen started, the HK survey has already produced a list of ~4700 stars with\nestimates of [Fe/H] typically precise to +/-0.2 dex, some 1000 of which have\n[Fe/H]<-2.0, and roughly 100 of which have [Fe/H]<-3.0.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001378"}
astro-ph/0001379
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{"Title": "One-Point Probability Distribution Functions of Supersonic Turbulent\n Flows in Self-Gravitating Media", "Authors": "Ralf S. Klessen (Leiden Observatory, NL)", "Abstract": " Turbulence is essential for understanding the structure and dynamics of\nmolecular clouds and star-forming regions. There is a need for adequate tools\nto describe and characterize the properties of turbulent flows. One-point\nprobability distribution functions (pdf's) of dynamical variables have been\nsuggested as appropriate statistical measures and applied to several observed\nmolecular clouds. However, the interpretation of these data requires comparison\nwith numerical simulations. To address this issue, SPH simulations of driven\nand decaying, supersonic, turbulent flows with and without self-gravity are\npresented. In addition, random Gaussian velocity fields are analyzed to\nestimate the influence of variance effects. To characterize the flow\nproperties, the pdf's of the density, of the line-of-sight velocity centroids,\nand of the line centroid increments are studied. This is supplemented by a\ndiscussion of the dispersion and the kurtosis of the increment pdf's, as well\nas the spatial distribution of velocity increments for small spatial lags. From\nthe comparison between different models of interstellar turbulence, it follows\nthat the inclusion of self-gravity leads to better agreement with the observed\npdf's in molecular clouds. The increment pdf's for small spatial lags become\nexponential for all considered velocities. However, all the processes\nconsidered here lead to non-Gaussian signatures, differences are only gradual,\nand the analyzed pdf's are in addition projection dependent. It appears\ntherefore very difficult to distinguish between different physical processes on\nthe basis of pdf's only, which limits their applicability for adequately\ncharacterizing interstellar turbulence.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001379"}
astro-ph/0001380
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{"Title": "Design and expected performance of the ANTARES neutrino telescope", "Authors": "F. Montanet (on behalf of the ANTARES collaboration)", "Abstract": " The ANTARES Collaboration is aiming at the construction and the operation of\na large undersea neutrino telescope for neutrino astronomy, neutrino\noscillation and indirect dark matter searches. Started 3 years ago an intensive\nR&D program has shown the feasibility of such a detector in the deep waters of\nthe Mediterranean sea. We have now started the design and the construction of a\n0.1 km(^{2}) detector for which the expected performance will be briefly\ndescribed here.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001380"}
astro-ph/0001381
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{"Title": "Unsupervised Induction and Gamma-Ray Burst Classification", "Authors": "Richard J. Roiger (1), Jon Hakkila (1), David J. Haglin (1), Geoffrey\n N. Pendleton (2), Robert S. Mallozzi (2) ((1) Minnesota State University,\n Mankato, (2) University of Alabama in Huntsville)", "Abstract": " We use ESX, a product of Information Acumen Corporation, to perform\nunsupervised learning on a data set containing 797 gamma-ray bursts taken from\nthe BATSE 3B catalog. Assuming all attributes to be distributed logNormally,\nMukherjee et al. (1998) analyzed these same data using a statistical cluster\nanalysis. Utilizing the logarithmic values for T90 duration, total fluence, and\nhardness ratio HR321 their results showed the instances formed three classes.\nClass I contained long/bright/intermediate bursts, class II consisted of\nshort/faint/hard bursts and class III was represented by\nintermediate/intermediate/soft bursts.\n When ESX was presented with these data and restricted to forming a small\nnumber of classes, the two classes found by previous standard techniques were\ndetermined. However, when ESX was allowed to form more than two classes, four\nclasses were created. One of the four classes contained a majority of short\nbursts, a second class consisted of mostly intermediate bursts, and the final\ntwo classes were subsets of the Class I (long) bursts determined by Mukherjee\net al. We hypothesize that systematic biases may be responsible for this\nvariation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001381"}
astro-ph/0001382
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{"Title": "Chemical enrichment and star formation in the Milky Way disk; I. Sample\n description and chromospheric age-metallicity relation", "Authors": "H. J. Rocha-Pinto (IAG/USP - Brazil), W. J. Maciel (IAG/USP - Brazil),\n John Scalo (Univ. Texas), Chris Flynn (Tuorla Observ. - Finland)", "Abstract": " The age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood is studied using a\nsample of 552 late-type dwarfs. This sample was built from the intersection of\nphotometric catalogues with chromospheric activity surveys of the Mount Wilson\ngroup. For these stars, metallicities were estimated from uvby data, and ages\nwere calculated from their chromospheric emission levels using a new\nmetallicity-dependent chromospheric activity-age relation developed by\nRocha-Pinto & Maciel (1998). A careful estimate of the errors in the\nchromospheric age is made. The errors in the chromospheric indices are shown to\ninclude partially the effects of the stellar magnetic cycles, although a\ndetailed treatment of this error is still beyond our knowledge. It is shown\nthat the results are not affected by the presence of unresolved binaries in the\nsample. We derive an age-metallicity relation which confirms the mean trend\nfound by previous workers. The mean metallicity shows a slow, steady increase\nwith time, amounting at least 0.56 dex in 15 Gyr. The initial metallicity of\nthe disk is around -0.70 dex, in agreement with the G dwarf metallicity\ndistribution. According to our data, the intrinsic cosmic dispersion in metal\nabundances is around 0.13 dex, a factor of two smaller than that found by\nEdvardsson et al. (1993). We show that chromospheric ages are compatible with\nisochrone ages, within the expected errors, so that the difference in the\nscatter cannot be caused by the accuracy of our ages and metallicities. This\nreinforces some suggestions that the Edvarsson et al.'s sample is not suitable\nto the determination of the age-metallicity relation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001382"}
astro-ph/0001383
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{"Title": "Chemical enrichment and star formation in the Milky Way disk; II. Star\n formation history", "Authors": "H. J. Rocha-Pinto (IAG/USP - Brazil), John Scalo (Univ. Texas), W. J.\n Maciel (IAG/USP - Brazil), Chris Flynn (Tuorla Observ. - Finland)", "Abstract": " A chromospheric age distribution of 552 late-type dwarfs is transformed into\na star formation history by the application of scale height corrections,\nstellar evolutionary corrections and volume corrections. We show that the disk\nof our Galaxy has experienced enhanced episodes of star formation at 0-1 Gyr,\n2-5 Gyr and 7-9 Gyr ago, although the reality of the latter burst is still\nuncertain. The star sample birthsites are distributed over a very large range\nof distances because of orbital diffusion, and so give an estimate of the\nglobal star formation rate. These results are compared with the\nmetal-enrichment rate, given by the age-metallicity relation, with the expected\nepochs of close encounters between our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, and\nwith previous determinations of the star formation history. Simulations are\nused to examine the age-dependent smearing of the star formation history due to\nage uncertainties, and the broadening of the recovered features, as well as to\nmeasure the probability level that the history derived to be produced by\nstatistical fluctuations of a constant star formation history. We show with\nmore than 98% level of confidence that the the star formation of our Galaxy was\nnot constant.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001383"}
astro-ph/0001384
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{"Title": "Tests of the Accelerating Universe with Near-Infrared Observations of a\n High-Redshift Type Ia Supernova", "Authors": "Adam G. Riess, Alexei V. Filippenko, Michael C. Liu, Peter Challis,\n Alejandro Clocchiatti, Alan Diercks, Peter M. Garnavich, Craig J. Hogan,\n Saurabh Jha, Robert P. Kirshner, B. Leibundgut, M. M. Phillips, David Reiss,\n Brian P. Schmidt, Robert A. Schommer, R. Chris Smith, J. Spyromilio,\n Christopher Stubbs, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, John Tonry, Patrick Woudt, Robert\n J. Brunner, Arjun Dey, Roy Gal, James Graham, James Larkin, Steve C. Odewah\n n, Ben Oppenheimer", "Abstract": " We have measured the rest-frame B,V, and I-band light curves of a\nhigh-redshift type Ia supernova (SN Ia), SN 1999Q (z=0.46), using HST and\nground-based near-infrared detectors.\n A goal of this study is the measurement of the color excess, E_{B-I}, which\nis a sensitive indicator of interstellar or intergalactic dust which could\naffect recent cosmological measurements from high-redshift SNe Ia. Our\nobservations disfavor a 30% opacity of SN Ia visual light by dust as an\nalternative to an accelerating Universe. This statement applies to both\nGalactic-type dust\n (rejected at the 3.4 sigma confidence level) and greyer dust (grain size >\n0.1 microns; rejected at the 2.3 to 2.6 sigma confidence level) as proposed by\nAguirre (1999). The rest-frame $I$-band light cur ve shows the secondary\nmaximum a month after B maximum typical of nearby SNe Ia of normal luminosi ty,\nproviding no indication of evolution as a function of redshift out to z~0.5. A\nn expanded set of similar observations could improve the constraints on any\ncontribution of extragalactic dust to the dimming of high-redshift SNe Ia.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001384"}
astro-ph/0001385
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{"Title": "Do wavelets really detect non-Gaussianity in the 4-year COBE data?", "Authors": "P. Mukherjee, M.P. Hobson, A.N. Lasenby", "Abstract": " We investigate the detection of non-Gaussianity in the 4-year COBE data\nreported by Pando, Valls-Gabaud & Fang (1998), using a technique based on the\ndiscrete wavelet transform. Their analysis was performed on the two DMR faces\ncentred on the North and South Galactic poles respectively, using the\nDaubechies 4 wavelet basis. We show that these results depend critically on the\norientation of the data, and so should be treated with caution. For two\ndistinct orientations of the data, we calculate unbiased estimates of the\nskewness, kurtosis and scale-scale correlation of the corresponding wavelet\ncoefficients in all of the available scale domains of the transform. We obtain\nseveral detections of non-Gaussianity in the DMR-DSMB map at greater than the\n99 per cent confidence level, but most of these occur on pixel-pixel scales and\nare therefore not cosmological in origin. Indeed, after removing all multipoles\nbeyond $\\ell = 40$ from the COBE maps, only one robust detection remains.\nMoreover, using Monte-Carlo simulations, we find that the probability of\nobtaining such a detection by chance is 0.59. We repeat the analysis for the\n53+90 GHz coadded COBE map. In this case, after removing $\\ell > 40$\nmultipoles, two non-Gaussian detections at the 99 per cent level remain.\nNevertheless, again using Monte-Carlo simulations, we find that the probability\nof obtaining two such detections by chance is 0.28. Thus, we conclude the\nwavelet technique does {\\em not} yield strong evidence for non-Gaussianity of\ncosmological origin in the 4-year COBE data.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001385"}
astro-ph/0001386
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{"Title": "Atomic diffusion in metal poor stars. The influence on the Main Sequence\n fitting distance scale, subdwarfs ages and the value of Delta Y/DeltaZ", "Authors": "M. Salaris (Liverpool John Moores University), M.A.T. Groenewegen, A.\n Weiss (MPA, Garching)", "Abstract": " The effect of atomic diffusion on the Main Sequence (MS) of metal-poor low\nmass stars is investigated. Since diffusion alters the stellar surface chemical\nabundances with respect to their initial values, one must ensure - by\ncalibrating the initial chemical composition of the theoretical models - that\nthe surface abundances of the models match the observed ones of the stellar\npopulation under scrutiny. Since the observed surface abundances of subdwarfs\nare different from the initial ones due to the effect of diffusion, while the\nglobular clusters stellar abundances are measured in Red Giants, which have\npractically recovered their initial abundances after the dredge-up, the\nisochrones to be employed for studying globular clusters and Halo subdwarfs\nwith the same observational value of [Fe/H] are different and do not coincide.\nWe find, however,that the current MS-fitting distances derived from HIPPARCOS\nsubdwarfs using colour corrections from standard isochrones are basically\nunaltered when diffusion is taken properly into account; on the other hand, the\nabsolute ages, the age dispersion, the age-metallicity relation for Halo\nsubdwarfs, as well as the value of the helium enrichment ratio Delta Y/Delta Z\nobtained from the width of the empirical Halo subdwarfs MS, are all\nsignificantly modified when the properly calibrated isochrones with diffusion\nare used.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001386"}
astro-ph/0001387
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{"Title": "Interferometric Astrometry of the Detached White Dwarf - M Dwarf Binary\n Feige 24 Using Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor 3: White Dwarf\n Radius and Component Mass Estimates", "Authors": "G.F. Benedict, B.E. McArthur, O.G. Franz, L.H. Wasserman, E. Nelan, J.\n Lee, L.W. Fredrick, W.H. Jefferys, W. van Altena, E.L. Robinson, W.J.\n Spiesman, P.J. Shelus, P.D. Hemenway, R. L. Duncombe, D. Story, A.L. Whipple,\n and A. Bradley", "Abstract": " With HST FGS 3 we have determined a parallax for the white dwarf - M dwarf\ninteracting binary, Feige 24. The white dwarf (DA) component has an effective\ntemperature, T_eff of approximately 56,000 K degrees. A weighted average with\npast parallax determinations (pi_abs = 14.6 +- 0.4 milliseconds of arc) narrows\nthe range of possible radius values, compared to past estimates. We obtain R_DA\n= 0.0185 +- 0.0008 R_solar with uncertainty in the temperature and bolometric\ncorrection the dominant contributors to the error. FGS photometry provides a\nlight curve entirely consistent with reflection effects. A recently refined\nmodel Mass-Luminosity Relation (Baraffe et al. 1998) for low mass stars\nprovides a mass estimate for the M dwarf companion, M_dM = 0.37 +- 0.20\nM_solar, where the mass range is due to metallicity and age uncertainties.\nRadial velocities from Vennes and Thorstensen (1994) provide a mass ratio from\nwhich we obtain M_DA = 0.49+0.19-0.05 ~ M_solar. Independently, our radius and\nrecent log_g determinations yield 0.44 < M_DA < 0.47 M_solar. In each case the\nminimum DA mass is that derived by Vennes & Thorstensen from their radial\nvelocities and Keplerian circular orbits with inclination <= 90 degrees.\nLocating Feige 24 on an M - R plane suggests a carbon core. Our radius and\nthese mass estimates yield a gamma_grav inconsistent with that derived by\nVennes & Thorstensen. We speculate on the nature of a third component whose\nexistence would resolve the discrepancy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001387"}
astro-ph/0001388
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{"Title": "ROTSE All Sky Surveys for Variable Stars I: Test Fields", "Authors": "ROTSE Collaboration: C. Akerlof (1), S. Amrose (1), R. Balsano (2), J.\n Bloch (2), D. Casperson (2), S. Fletcher (2), G. Gisler (2), J. Hills (2), R.\n Kehoe (1), B. Lee (3), S. Marshall (4), T. McKay (1), A. Pawl (1), J.\n Schaefer (1), J. Szymanski (2), J. Wren (2) ((1) University of Michigan (2)\n Los Alamos National Lab (3) Fermilab (4) Lawrence Livermore National Lab)", "Abstract": " The ROTSE-I experiment has generated CCD photometry for the entire Northern\nsky in two epochs nightly since March 1998. These sky patrol data are a\npowerful resource for studies of astrophysical transients. As a demonstration\nproject, we present first results of a search for periodic variable stars\nderived from ROTSE-I observations. Variable identification, period\ndetermination, and type classification are conducted via automatic algorithms.\nIn a set of nine ROTSE-I sky patrol fields covering about 2000 square degrees\nwe identify 1781 periodic variable stars with mean magnitudes between m_v=10.0\nand m_v=15.5. About 90% of these objects are newly identified as variable.\nExamples of many familiar types are presented. All classifications for this\nstudy have been manually confirmed. The selection criteria for this analysis\nhave been conservatively defined, and are known to be biased against some\nvariable classes. This preliminary study includes only 5.6% of the total\nROTSE-I sky coverage, suggesting that the full ROTSE-I variable catalog will\ninclude more than 32,000 periodic variable stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001388"}
astro-ph/0001389
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{"Title": "External Shock Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Prompt Phase", "Authors": "Charles D. Dermer (NRL)", "Abstract": " The hard X-ray and gamma-ray phenomenology of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be\nexplained by an external shock model where a single relativistic blast wave\ninteracts with the surrounding medium. Besides reproducing the generic spectral\nbehavior of GRB profiles, the external shock model provides quantitative fits\nto the peak flux distribution, the > 1 s t_{50} duration distribution, and the\ndistribution of the peaks E_pk of the vF_v spectra of GRBs measured with BATSE.\nThe apparent paradox between a relativistic beaming scenario and the empirical\nfinding that E_pk values are preferentially measured within the triggering\nrange of a GRB detector is resolved by this model when blast wave physics and\ndetector triggering criteria are taken into account. Some surprising\nimplications follow, namely that the fireball event rate is ~1 per 10^4 years\nper Milky Way galaxy for unbeamed sources, and proportionally more if fireball\noutflows are collimated. This is ~ 3 orders of magnitude larger than normally\nquoted. Most of the clean and dirty fireball transients are undetected due to\ntelescope sensitivity and design limitations.\n Strongly variable GRB time histories with good radiative efficiencies are\npossible because of the strongly enhanced emissions when a blast wave interacts\nwith density inhomogeneities located nearly along the line-of-sight to the\nobserver. Arguments against short timescale variability in an external shock\nmodel are answered, and difficulties in an internal shock/colliding shell model\nare mentioned.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001389"}
astro-ph/0001390
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{"Title": "Emission-Line Galaxy Surveys as Probes of the Spatial Distribution of\n Dwarf Galaxies. I. The University of Michigan Survey", "Authors": "Janice C. Lee (University of Arizona), John J. Salzer (Wesleyan\n Unversity), Jessica Rosenberg (University of Massachusetts), Daniel Law\n (University of Oxford)", "Abstract": " Objective-prism surveys which select galaxies on the basis of line-emission\nare extremely effective at detecting low-luminosity galaxies and constitute\nsome of the deepest available samples of dwarfs. In this study, we confirm that\nemission-line galaxies (ELGs) in the University of Michigan (UM)\nobjective-prism survey (MacAlpine et al. 1977-1981) are reliable tracers of\nlarge-scale structure, and utilize the depth of the samples to examine the\nspatial distribution of low-luminosity (M$_{B} > $ -18.0) dwarfs relative to\nhigher luminosity giant galaxies (M$_{B} \\leq$ -18.0) in the Updated Zwicky\nCatalogue (Falco et al. 1999). New spectroscopic data are presented for 26 UM\nsurvey objects. We analyze the relative clustering properties of the overall\nstarbursting ELG and normal galaxy populations, using nearest neighbor and\ncorrelation function statistics. This allows us to determine whether the\nactivity in ELGs is primarily caused by gravitational interactions. We conclude\nthat galaxy-galaxy encounters are not the sole cause of activity in ELGs since\nELGs tend to be more isolated and are more often found in the voids when\ncompared to their normal galaxy counterparts. Furthermore, statistical analyses\nperformed on low-luminosity dwarf ELGs show that the dwarfs are less clustered\nwhen compared to their non-active giant neighbors. The UM dwarf samples have\ngreater percentages of nearest neighbor separations at large values and lower\ncorrelation function amplitudes relative to the UZC giant galaxy samples. These\nresults are consistent with the expectations of galaxy biasing.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001390"}
astro-ph/0001391
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{"Title": "On the Origin of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations and Broad-band Noise in\n Accreting Neutron Stars and Black Holes", "Authors": "Dimitrios Psaltis (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA), Colin Norman (JHU)", "Abstract": " Accreting neutron stars and black holes share a number of rapid variability\ncharacteristics, such as quasi-periodic oscillations and broad-band noise. The\nfrequencies of these features were recently shown to be comparable to\nfundamental general relativistic frequencies of perturbed test-particle orbits\nnear the compact objects. In this paper we propose a dynamical model for\nproducing modulations in the inner disk properties at these characteristic\nfrequencies. We postulate that a transition radius exists in the accretion disk\nclose to the compact object and investigate its response to a broad spectrum of\ndensity fluctuations. We find that the transition radius acts as a low\nband-pass filter with a broadband response that is constant at frequencies\nlower than the inverse radial drift timescale and decreases above it as the\ninverse of the frequency. Moreover, the response shows strong resonances at\nfrequencies nearly equal to the orbital, periastron-precession, and\nnodal-precession frequencies, thereby accounting for the observed power-density\nspectra of accreting compact objects and the correlations between their\ncharacteristic frequencies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001391"}
astro-ph/0001392
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{"Title": "HST Observations of M Subdwarfs", "Authors": "John E. Gizis (U. Mass) and I. Neill Reid (U. Penn)", "Abstract": " We present the results of an HST snapshot program to search for very-low-mass\nstellar companions to nearby M subdwarfs. None of our nine targetted metal-poor\nprimaries have companions more massive than the hydrogen burning limit,\nimplying that the halo binary fraction is equal to or less than the Galactic\ndisk binary fraction below 0.3 M_sun. In addition, the more distant tertiary\nVB12, an sdM3.0 companion to an F subdwarf double, is also unresolved. We show\nthat the relation between WFPC2 F555W and F850LP photometry and ground V,I\nphotometry is consistent with theoretical expectations. We also report that two\nrecently observed Hyades M dwarfs appear single.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001392"}
astro-ph/0001393
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{"Title": "Cross-correlating the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with the Microwave Sky", "Authors": "Hiranya V. Peiris and David N. Spergel (Princeton Univ.)", "Abstract": " While most of the microwave background fluctuations on angular scales greater\nthan a few arcminutes were generated at z > 800, the low redshift universe does\ndistort the microwave background. Since the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)\ntraces the structures in the low-redshift universe, we can gain additional\ninsights into the physics of the low-redshift universe by cross-correlating\nmicrowave background maps with template maps produced from the SDSS. We present\na formalism for cross-correlating data from the Microwave Anisotropy Probe\n(MAP) with the Sloan Survey for the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, the\nIntegrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, and weak lensing. This formalism is used\nto compute the signal-to-noise for cross-correlating these effects with various\nclasses of tracer objects from the SDSS. It is found that the anticipated\nsamples of SDSS quasars and galaxies with photometrically-determined redshifts\nwould be good tracers for cross-correlating with the CMB. We find that the\nSZ-galaxy cross-correlation would give good constraints on pressure\nfluctuations in supercluster-scale gas. Cross-correlating weakly-lensed quasars\nwith maps of the convergence of the CMB is found to give strong constraints on\nOmega_0 as well as the equation of state w. We find that the ISW\ncross-correlation gives poor signal-to-noise using these techniques.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001393"}
astro-ph/0001394
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{"Title": "Radio Properties of z>4 Optically-Selected Quasars", "Authors": "Daniel Stern (1), S.G. Djorgovski (2), R.A. Perley (3), Reinaldo R.\n deCarvalho (4), & J.V. Wall (5) ((1) UC-Berkeley, (2) Caltech, (3) NRAO, (4)\n Observatorio Nacional, Brazil, (5) Oxford)", "Abstract": " We report on two programs to address differential evolution between the\nradio-loud and radio-quiet quasar populations at high (z>4) redshift. Both\nprograms entail studying the radio properties of optically-selected quasars.\nFirst, we have observed 32 optically-selected, high-redshift (z>4) quasars with\nthe VLA at 6 cm (5 GHz). These sources comprise a statistically complete and\nwell-understood sample. We detect four quasars above our 3-sigma limit of ~0.15\nmJy, which is sufficiently sensitive to detect all radio-loud quasars at the\nprobed redshift range. Second, we have correlated 134 z>4 quasars, comprising\nall such sources that we are aware of as of mid-1999, with FIRST and NVSS.\nThese two recent 1.4 GHz VLA sky surveys reach 3-sigma limits of approximately\n0.6 mJy and 1.4 mJy respectively. We identify a total of 15 z>4 quasars, of\nwhich six were not previously known to be radio-loud. The depth of these\nsurveys does not reach the radio-loud/radio-quiet demarcation luminosity\ndensity (L(1.4 GHz) = 10^32.5 h(50)^(-2) ergs/s/Hz) at the redshift range\nconsidered; this correlation therefore only provides a lower limit to the\nradio-loud fraction of quasars at high-redshift. The two programs together\nidentify eight new radio-loud quasars at z>4, a significant increase over the\nseven currently in the published literature. We find no evidence for radio-loud\nfraction depending on optical luminosity for -25 > M_B > -28 at z~2, or for\n-26>M_B>-28 at z>4. Our results also show no evolution in the radio-loud\nfraction between z~2 and z>4 (-26>M_B>-28).\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001394"}
astro-ph/0001395
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{"Title": "Starburst-driven galactic winds: I. Energetics and intrinsic X-ray\n emission", "Authors": "D.K. Strickland (JHU) and I.R. Stevens (Birmingham)", "Abstract": " We have performed an extensive hydrodynamical parameter study of\nstarburst-driven galactic winds, motivated by the latest observation data on\nthe best-studied starburst galaxy M82. We study how the wind dynamics,\nmorphology and X-ray emission depend on the host galaxy's ISM distribution,\nstarburst star formation history and strength, and presence and distribution of\nmass-loading by dense clouds. We find that the soft X-ray emission from\ngalactic winds comes from low filling factor (ff < 2 per cent) gas, which\ncontains only a small fraction (f < 10 per cent) of the mass and energy of the\nwind, irrespective of whether the wind models are strongly mass-loaded or not.\nX-ray observations of galactic winds therefore do not directly probe the gas\nthat contains the majority of the energy, mass or metal-enriched gas in the\noutflow. The soft X-ray emission comes from gas at a wide range different\ntemperatures and densities. Estimates of the physical properties of the hot gas\nin starburst galaxies, based on fitting the standard simple spectral models to\nexisting X-ray spectra, should therefore be treated with extreme suspicion. The\nmajority of the thermal and kinetic energy of these winds is in a volume\nfilling hot, T approx 10^7 K, component which is extremely difficult to probe\nobservationally due to its low density and hence low emissivity. Most of the\ntotal energy is in the kinetic energy of this hot gas, a factor which must be\ntaken into account when attempting to constrain wind energetics\nobservationally. We also find that galactic winds are efficient at transporting\nlarge amounts of energy out of the host galaxy, in contrast to their\ninefficiency at transporting mass out of star-forming galaxies. (Abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001395"}
astro-ph/0001396
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{"Title": "Gamma-Ray Bursts via Pair Plasma Fireballs from Heated Neutron Stars", "Authors": "Jay D. Salmonson (1), James R. Wilson (1 and 2) and Grant J. Mathews\n (2) ((1) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, (2) Notre Dame University)", "Abstract": " In this paper we model the emission from a relativistically expanding\nelectron-positron pair plasma fireball originating near the surface of a heated\nneutron star. This pair fireball is deposited via the annihilation of neutrino\npairs emanating from the surface of the hot neutron star. The heating of\nneutron stars may occur in close neutron star binary systems near their last\nstable orbit. We model the relativistic expansion and subsequent emission of\nthe plasma and find 10^51 to 10^52 ergs in gamma-rays are produced with\nspectral and temporal properties consistent with observed gamma-ray bursts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001396"}
astro-ph/0001397
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{"Title": "Flattening modulus of a neutron star by rotation and magnetic field", "Authors": "K. Konno, T. Obata, Y. Kojima", "Abstract": " We calculated the ellipticity of the deformed star due to the rotation or\nmagnetic field. These two effects are compared to each other within general\nrelativity. It turned out that the magnetic distortion is important for\nrecently observed candidates of magnetars, while the magnetic effect can be\nneglected for well-known typical pulsars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001397"}
astro-ph/0001398
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{"Title": "The star formation history as a function of type: constraints from\n galaxy counts", "Authors": "Brigitte Rocca-Volmerange (I.A.P., Paris), Michel Fioc (NASA/Goddard\n Space Flight Center, Greenbelt)", "Abstract": " Deep galaxy counts are among the best constraints on the cosmic star\nformation history (SFH) of galaxies. The evolution of the star formation\nactivity is followed on a wide range of redshifts (0< z < 4) covering most of\nthe history of the Universe. Two incompatible interpretations of the\nobservations are currently competing. After applying star formation rate (SFR)\nconversion factors to the CFRS, Halpha or ISO samples, many authors conclude to\na strong increase (~ a factor 10) of the SFR from z=0 to z=1. They also find\nsome evidence for a peak at z~1 and for a rapid decrease at higher redshifts.\nOn the other side, the Hawaii deep surveys favor only a mild increase between\nz=0 and 1 (Cowie et al., 1996, 1999). To understand the reason for these\ndiscrepant interpretations, we consider three classes of galaxies: E/S0,\nSa-Sb-Sbc, Sc-Sd-Im and bursting dwarfs. We use the new version of our\nevolutionary synthesis code, PEGASE which takes into account metallicity and\ndust effects. The main results are: i) Late-type galaxies contribute\nsignificantly to the local SFR, especially bursting dwarfs (Fioc and\nRocca-Volmerange, 1999). Because of that, the cosmic SFR can not decrease by a\nfactor 10 from z=0 to 1. This is in agreement with Cowie's result. ii) The SFR\nof intermediate-type galaxies has strongly decreased since z=1. Though the\ndecrease is less than what find Lilly et al., 1996, this suggests that the CFRS\nand Halpha surveys are dominated by such bright early spirals. iii) The\ncontribution of early-type galaxies increases rapidly from z=1 to their\nredshift of formation (> 2-3 for cosmological reasons). Their intense star\nformation rates at high-z give strong constraints on early ionization phases,\nprimeval populations or metal enrichments.(abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001398"}
astro-ph/0001399
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{"Title": "Locally Optimally-Emitting Clouds and the Variable Broad Emission Line\n Spectrum of NGC 5548", "Authors": "Kirk T. Korista (WMU), Michael R. Goad (Univ. Leicester)", "Abstract": " [abridged] We test the ``locally optimally-emitting clouds'' (LOC) model\nagainst the extensive spectroscopic data base of the Seyfert~1, NGC 5548. The\ntime-averaged, integrated-light UV broad emission line spectrum from the 1993\n{\\em HST} monitoring campaign is reproduced via the optimization of three\nglobal geometric parameters: the outer radius, the index controlling the radial\ncloud covering fraction of the continuum source, and the integrated cloud\ncovering fraction. We make an {\\em ad~hoc} selection from the range of\nsuccessful models, and for a simple spherical BLR geometry we simulate the\nemission line light curves for the 1989 {\\em IUE} and 1993 {\\em HST} campaigns,\nusing the respective observed UV continuum light curves as drivers. We find\ngood agreement between the predicted and observed light curves and lags --- a\ndemonstration of the LOC picture's viability as a means to understanding the\nBLR environment. Finally, we discuss the next step in developing the LOC\npicture which involves the marriage of echo-mapping techniques with spectral\nsimulation grids such as those presented here, using the constraints provided\nby a high quality, temporally well-sampled spectroscopic data set.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001399"}
astro-ph/0001400
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{"Title": "Collapsars", "Authors": "Andrew MacFadyen", "Abstract": " A variety of stellar explosions powered by black hole accretion are\ndiscussed. All involve the failure of neutrino energy deposition to launch a\nstrong supernova explosion. A key quantity which determines the type of high\nenergy transient produced is the ratio of the engine operation time, $\\rm\nt_{engine}$, to the time for the explosion to break out of the stellar surface,\n$\\rm t_{bo}$. Stars with sufficient angular momentum produce collapsars --\nblack holes accreting rapidly through a disk -- in their centers. Collapsars\ncan occur in stars with a wide range of radii depending on the amount of\npre-collapse mass loss. The stellar radius and jet properties determine the\ndegree of beaming of the explosion. In some cases the stellar envelope serves\nto focus the explosion to narrow beaming angles. The baryon loading of various\nmodels for classical GRBs formed in massive stars is examined and the\nconsequences are explored. For $\\rm t_{engine} > t_{bo}$, highly relativistic\noutflow is possible and classical GRBs accompanied by supernovae can be\nproduced. In other cases hyper-energetic, asymmetric supernovae are produced.\nLonger GRBs ($t \\gtaprx 100 \\s$) can be produced by fallback following a weak\nneutrino-driven supernova explosion.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001400"}