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{"Title": "CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri. I. Metallicity of\n RR Lyrae Stars from Caby Photometry", "Authors": "Soo-Chang Rey, Young-Wook Lee, Jong-Myung Joo (Center for Space\n Astrophysics, Yonsei Univ. Korea), Alistair Walker (NOAO/CTIO), Scott Baird\n (Benedictine College & U. Kansas)", "Abstract": " We present new measurements of the metallicity of 131 RR Lyrae stars in the\nglobular cluster Omega Centauri, using the hk index of the Caby photometric\nsystem. The hk method has distinct advantages over Delta-S and other techniques\nin determining the metallicity of RR Lyrae stars, and has allowed us to obtain\nthe most complete and homogeneous metallicity data to date for the RR Lyrae\nstars in this cluster. For RR Lyrae stars in common with the Delta-S\nobservations of Butler et al. (1978) and Gratton et al. (1986), we have found\nthat our metallicities, [Fe/H](hk), deviate systematically from their Delta-S\nmetallicity, while our [Fe/H](hk) for well observed field RRab stars are\nconsistent with previous spectroscopic measurements. We conclude that this is\ndue to the larger errors associated with the previous Delta-S observations for\nthis cluster. The Mv(RR) - [Fe/H] and period-shift - [Fe/H] relations obtained\nfrom our new data are consistent with the evolutionary models predicted by Lee\n(1991), confirming that the luminosity of RR Lyrae stars depends on\nevolutionary status as well as metallicity. Using the period - amplitude\ndiagram, we have also identified highly evolved RRab stars in the range of -1.9\n< [Fe/H] < -1.5, as predicted from the synthetic horizontal-branch models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001101"}
astro-ph/0001102
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{"Title": "RR Lyrae Variables in the Globular Cluster M5", "Authors": "J. Kaluzny, A. Olech, I. Thompson, W. Pych, W. Krzeminski and A.\n Schwarzenberg-Czerny", "Abstract": " We present V-band CCD photometry of 65 RR Lyr variables from the globular\ncluster M5. We have estimated the basic physical parameters for 16 RRc stars\nand 26 RRab stars using a Fourier decomposition of the light curves of the\nvariables. The mean values of mass, luminosity, effective temperature and\nrelative helium abundance for the RRc stars are measured to be ${\\cal\nM}=0.54{\\cal M}_\\odot$, log L = 1.69 T_{eff}=7353 K and Y=0.28, respectively.\nFor the RRab variables the derived mean values of absolute magnitude,\nmetallicity and effective temperature are: M_V=0.81, [Fe/H]=-1.23 and\nT_{eff}=6465 K. We find that the V amplitude of an RRab star for a given period\nis a function of metal abundance rather than Oosterhoff type. We find\nsignificant problems with the calibration of both the zero point and the scale\nof the luminosities measured with the Fourier technique. The apparent distance\nmodulus derived from RRc stars is equal to $14.47\\pm0.11$ and it is in good\nagreement with recent determinations. On the other hand distance modulus\nobtained from the sample of RRab stars (calibrated by the Baade-Wesselink\nobservations of field RR Lyr variables) is significantly smaller and equal to\n$14.27\\pm0.04$\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001102"}
astro-ph/0001103
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{"Title": "A model-independent analysis of the variability of GRS 1915+105", "Authors": "T. Belloni (Brera. Obs., Italy; Univ. Amsterdam), M. Klein-Wolt (Univ.\n Amsterdam), M. Mendez (Univ. Amsterdam), M. van der Klis (Univ. Amsterdam),\n J. van Paradijs (Univ. Amsterdam; Univ. Alabama)", "Abstract": " We analyzed 163 observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 made with the\nRossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) in the period 1996-1997. For each\nobservation, we produced light curves and color-color diagrams. We classified\nthe observations in 12 separate classes, based on their count rate and color\ncharacteristics. From the analysis of these classes, we reduced the variability\nof the source to transitions between three basic states: a hard state\ncorresponding to the non-observability of the innermost parts of the accretion\ndisk, and two softer states with a fully observable disk. These two soft states\nrepresent different temperatures of the accretion disk, related to different\nlocal values of the accretion rate. The transitions between these states can be\nextremely fast. The source moves between these three states following certain\npatterns and avoiding others, giving rise to a relatively large but limited\nnumber of variability classes. These results are the first step towards a\nlinking of the properties of this exceptional source with standard black-hole\nsystems and with accretion disk models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001103"}
astro-ph/0001104
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{"Title": "Young and Intermediate Stellar population in Seyfert 2 galaxies", "Authors": "Rosa M. Gonzalez Delgado, Timothy Heckman & Claus Leitherer", "Abstract": " We present and discuss near-ultraviolet and optical ground-based spectra of\nthe 20 brightest Seyfert 2 nuclei, and HST ultraviolet images and ultraviolet\nspectroscopy for a few of them. The goal is to study the starburst-AGN\nconnection and the origin of the featureless continuum. The results indicate\nthat half of the nuclei in the sample harbor a young and/or intermediate age\npopulation. These stars are formed in powerful and dusty starbursts of short\nduration, that have bolometric luminosities similar to the estimated bolometric\nluminosities of their obscured Seyfert 1 nuclei.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001104"}
astro-ph/0001105
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{"Title": "Clustering of galaxies at faint magnitudes", "Authors": "J.U. Fynbo (1,2), W. Freudling (2,3), P. Moller (2) ((1) IFA, Aarhus\n University, (2) ESO, Garching, (3) STECF, Garching)", "Abstract": " Significant uncertainties exist in the measured amplitude of the angular\ntwo-point correlation function of galaxies at magnitudes $I\\approx26$ and\nfainter. Published results from HST and ground-based galaxy catalogs seem to\ndiffer by as much as a factor of 3, and it is not clear whether the correlation\namplitude as a function of magnitude increases or decreases in the faintest\nmagnitude bins. In order to clarify the situation, we present new results from\nboth ground-based and HST galaxy catalogs. The angular two-point correlation\nfunction as a function of limiting R and I magnitudes was computed from a\ngalaxy catalog created from the Hubble Deep Field - South (HDF-S) WFPC2 image.\nThe measured amplitudes of the correlation at an angular separation of 1 arcsec\nare consistent with those measured in the Northern counter part of the field.\nThe flanking fields (FF fields) of the Hubble deep fields were used to extend\nthe magnitude range for which we compute correlation amplitudes towards\nbrighter magnitude bins. This allows easier comparison of the amplitudes to\nground based data. The newly measured correlation amplitudes as a function of\nmagnitude limit were compared to previously published measurements at larger\nseparations. For this comparison, the correlation function was approximated by\na power law with an index of 0.8. The scatter in the correlation amplitudes is\ntoo large to be explained by random errors. We argue that the most likely cause\nis the assumption that the shape of the correlation function does not depend on\nthe magnitude limit.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001105"}
astro-ph/0001106
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{"Title": "Cosmology with SZ and X-ray cluster surveys", "Authors": "Ruediger Kneissl (Cavendish, Cambridge)", "Abstract": " Hydrodynamical simulations are used in combination with the Press-Schechter\nexpression to simulate Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) galaxy cluster sky maps. These\nare used to gauge the ability of future SZ observations to provide information\nabout the cosmological parameters H_0, Omega_M, and the gas fraction f_g in\nclusters. This work concentrates on prospects for AMI, the Arcminute\nMicroKelvin Imager, a new type of compact interferometric array currently\nproposed in Cambridge. The expectations are contrasted with those for X-ray\nmissions, such as XMM, and the benefits of combining SZ and X-ray data are\nhighlighted.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001106"}
astro-ph/0001107
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{"Title": "The variability of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2992: the case for a revived\n AGN", "Authors": "R. Gilli, R. Maiolino, A. Marconi, G. Risaliti, M. Dadina, K.A.\n Weaver, E.J.M. Colbert", "Abstract": " We report the transition to an active state of the nucleus in the Seyfert 1.9\ngalaxy NGC 2992, discovered by means of new hard X-ray data. While the 2-10 keV\nflux declined by a factor of ~ 20 from 1978 to 1994, two recent BeppoSAX\nobservations in 1997 and in 1998 caught the nuclear emission raising back to\nthe same level of activity observed in 1978.\n In both BeppoSAX observations the X-ray spectrum of the source is well\nrepresented by a power law with spectral index Gamma ~ 1.7, absorbed by a\ncolumn density of N_H ~ 10^{22} cm^{-2} and characterized by a prominent iron\nK\\alpha line. While in the second BeppoSAX data set the line properties appear\nto be consistent with those expected from accretion disc models, in the first\nBeppoSAX data set the iron feature is rather peculiar. The broadening is not\nsignificant and the line energy is E_{K\\alpha}=6.62 +/- 0.07 keV, indicating\nemission from highly ionized iron. The line has too high equivalent width (~\n700 eV) to be produced by a hot scattering medium. By comparing these data with\ndata previously in the literature, we interpret the spectral and flux changes\nin terms of different phases of rebuilding an accretion disc. The timescale for\nthe disc rebuilding is estimated to range between 1 and 5 years.\n The X-ray data are complemented with optical and near-infrared followup\nspectra taken 1.5 months after the discovery of the X-ray burst. The spectra\nare characterized by prominent broad emission lines. There is also evidence for\nhot dust emission in the H and K bands that, however, is probably still in the\nprocess of increasing.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001107"}
astro-ph/0001108
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{"Title": "Micro & strong lensing with the Square Kilometer Array: The\n mass--function of compact objects in high--redshift galaxies", "Authors": "L.V.E. Koopmans (1), A.G. de Bruyn (2,1) ((1) Kapteyn Astronomical\n Institute, (2) NFRA)", "Abstract": " We present the results from recent VLA 8.5-GHz and WSRT 1.4 and 4.9-GHz\nmonitoring campaigns of the CLASS gravitational lens B1600+434 and show how the\nobserved variations argue strongly in favor of microlensing by MACHOs in the\nhalo of a dark-matter dominated edge-on disk galaxy at z=0.4. The population of\nflat-spectrum radio sources with micro-Jy flux-densities detected with the\nSquare-Kilometer-Array is expected to have dimensions of micro-arcsec. They\nwill therefore vary rapidly as a result of Galactic scintillation (diffractive\nand refractive). However, when positioned behind distant galaxies they will\nalso show variations due to microlensing, even more strongly than in the case\nof B1600+434. Relativistic or superluminal motion in these background sources\ntypically leads to temporal variations on time scales of days to weeks.\nScintillation and microlensing can be distinguished, and separated, by their\ndifferent characteristic time scales and the frequency dependence of their\nmodulations. Monitoring studies with Square-Kilometer-Array at GHz frequencies\nwill thus probe both microscopic and macroscopic properties of dark matter and\nits mass-function as a function of redshift, information very hard to obtain by\nany other method.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001108"}
astro-ph/0001109
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{"Title": "Chemical Evolution of Damped Ly alpha galaxies: The [S/Zn] abundance\n ratio at redshift z > 2", "Authors": "Miriam Centurion, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Paolo Molaro, Giovanni Vladilo", "Abstract": " Relative elemental abundances, and in particular the alpha/Fe ratio, are an\nimportant diagnostic tool of the chemical evolution of damped Ly alpha systems\n(DLAs). The S/Zn ratio is not affected by differential dust depletion and is an\nexcellent estimator of the alpha/Fe ratio. We report 6 new determinations of\nsulphur abundance in DLAs at zabs greater than or equal to 2 with already known\nzinc abundances. The combination with extant data from the literature provides\na measure of the S/Zn abundance ratio for a total of 11 high redshift DLA\nsystems. The observed [S/Zn] ratios do not show the characteristic [alpha/Fe]\nenhancement observed in metal-poor stars of the Milky Way at comparable level\nof metallicity ([Zn/H] ~ -1). The behaviour of DLAs data is consistent with a\ngeneral trend of decreasing [S/Zn] ratio with increasing metallicity [Zn/H].\nThis would be the first evidence of the expected decrease of the alpha/Fe ratio\nin the course of chemical evolution of DLA systems. However, in contrast to\nwhat observed in our Galaxy, the alpha/iron-peak ratio seems to attain solar\nvalues when the metallicity is still low ([Zn/H] < -1) and to decrease below\nsolar values at higher metallicities. The behaviour of the alpha/Fe ratio\nchallenges the frequently adopted hypothesis that high redshift DLAs are\nprogenitors of spiral galaxies and favours instead an origin in galaxies\ncharacterized by low star formation rates, in agreement with the results from\nimaging studies of low redshift DLAs, where the candidate DLA galaxies show a\nvariety of morphological types including dwarfs and LSBs and only a minority of\nspirals.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001109"}
astro-ph/0001110
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{"Title": "BeppoSAX observations of the nearby low-mass X-ray binary and fast\n transient SAX J1819.3-2525", "Authors": "J.J.M. in 't Zand, E. Kuulkers, A. Bazzano, R. Cornelisse, M. Cocchi,\n J. Heise, J.M. Muller, L. Natalucci, M.J.S. Smith, P. Ubertini", "Abstract": " SAX J1819.3-2525 is a nearby X-ray transient which exhibited a fast and large\nX-ray outburst on Sep. 15, 1999 (Smith et al. 1999). The Wide Field Cameras and\nthe Narrow Field Instruments (NFI) on board BeppoSAX observed SAX J1819.3-2525\nat various stages of its activity before that, in the spring and fall of 1999.\nThe fluxes range between 0.012 and 0.3 Crab units (2-10 keV). The NFI\nobservation is unique because it is the longest semi-continuous observation of\nSAX J1819.3-2525 so far, and it offers a study of the spectrum at a relatively\nhigh resolution of 8% full width at half maximum at 6 keV. We discuss the\nobservations with emphasis on the X-ray spectrum. A strong Fe-K emission line\nwas detected in SAX J1819.3-2525 with an equivalent width between 0.3 and 1\nkeV. The line energy is up to 6.85 +/- 0.02 keV and suggests the presence of\nhighly ionized iron. We identify this as fluorescent emission from a\nphoto-ionized plasma. The continuum spectrum is typical for a low-mass X-ray\nbinary in which emission from an accretion disk corona plays an important role.\nThere is no sign of an eclipse or periodic signal due to the binary orbit in\nthis exposure, despite the fact that the twin jets seen at radio wavelengths\nsuggest a high inclination angle.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001110"}
astro-ph/0001111
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{"Title": "Evidence for TeV Emission from GRB 970417a", "Authors": "The Milagro Collaboration: R. Atkins, W. Benbow, D. Berley, M.L. Chen,\n D.G. Coyne, B.L. Dingus, D.E. Dorfan, R.W. Ellsworth, D. Evans, A. Falcone,\n L. Fleysher, R. Fleysher, G. Gisler, J.A. Goodman, T.J. Haines, C.M. Hoffman,\n S. Hugenberger, L.A. Kelley, I. Leonor, M. McConnell, J.F. McCullough, J.E.\n McEnery, R.S. Miller, A.I. Mincer, M.F. Morales, P. Nemethy, J.M. Ryan, B.\n Shen, A. Shoup, C. Sinnis, A.J. Smith, G.W. Sullivan, T. Tumer, K. Wang, M.O.\n Wascko, S. Westerhoff, D.A. Williams, T. Yang, G.B. Yodh", "Abstract": " Milagrito, a detector sensitive to very high energy gamma rays, monitored the\nnorthern sky from February 1997 through May 1998. With a large field of view\nand a high duty cycle, this instrument was well suited to perform a search for\nTeV gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report on a search made for TeV counterparts to\nGRBs observed by BATSE. BATSE detected 54 GRBs within the field of view of\nMilagrito during this period. An excess of events coincident in time and space\nwith one of these bursts, GRB 970417a, was observed by Milagrito. The excess\nhas a chance probability of $2.8 \\times 10^{-5}$ of being a fluctuation of the\nbackground. The probability for observing an excess at least this large from\nany of the 54 bursts is $1.5 \\times 10^{-3}$. No significant correlations were\ndetected from the other bursts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001111"}
astro-ph/0001112
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{"Title": "A Sociological Study of the Optically Emitting Isolated Neutron Stars", "Authors": "P.A. Caraveo (Istituto di Fisica Cosmica del CNR, Milano, Italy, also\n Istituto Astronomico, Roma, Italy)", "Abstract": " Although less than 1% of all radio pulsars are detected at optical\nwavelengths, their optical emission can yield a wealth of information that is\neither very difficult or plainly impossible to obtain at other wavelengths.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001112"}
astro-ph/0001113
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{"Title": "The APM Survey for Cool Carbon Stars in the Galactic Halo - II The\n Search for Dwarf Carbon Stars", "Authors": "E. J.Totten, M. J. Irwin, and P.A. Whitelock", "Abstract": " We present proper motion measurements for carbon stars found during the APM\nSurvey for Cool Carbon Stars in the Galactic Halo (Totten & Irwin, 1998).\nMeasurements are obtained using a combination of POSSI, POSSII and UKST survey\nplates supplemented where necessary by CCD frames taken at the Isaac Newton\nTelescope. We find no significant proper motion for any of the new APM\ncolour-selected carbon stars and so conclude that there are no dwarf carbon\nstars present within this sample. We also present proper motion measurements\nfor three previously known dwarf carbon stars and demonstrate that these\nmeasurements agree favourably with those previously quoted in the literature,\nverifying our method of determining proper motions. Results from a\ncomplimentary program of JHK photometry obtained at the South African\nAstronomical Observatory are also presented. Dwarf carbon stars are believed to\nhave anomalous near-infrared colours, and this feature is used for further\ninvestigation of the nature of the APM carbon stars. Our results support the\nuse of JHK photomtery as a dwarf/giant discriminator and also reinforce the\nconclusion that none of the new APM-selected carbon stars are dwarfs. Finally,\nproper motion measurements combined with extant JHK photometry are presented\nfor a sample of previously known Halo carbon stars, suggesting that one of\nthese stars, CLS29, is likely to be a previously unrecognised dwarf carbon\nstar.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001113"}
astro-ph/0001114
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{"Title": "Advection-dominated Inflow/Outflows from Evaporating Accretion Disks", "Authors": "R. Turolla & C.P. Dullemond", "Abstract": " In this Letter we investigate the properties of advection-dominated accretion\nflows (ADAFs) fed by the evaporation of a Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disk (SSD).\nIn our picture the ADAF fills the central cavity evacuated by the SSD and\nextends beyond the transition radius into a coronal region. We find that,\nbecause of global angular momentum conservation, a significant fraction of the\nhot gas flows away from the black hole forming a transsonic wind, unless the\ninjection rate depends only weakly on radius (if $r^2\\dot\\sigma\\propto\nr^{-\\xi}$, $\\xi< 1/2$). The Bernoulli number of the inflowing gas is negative\nif the transition radius is $\\lesssim 100$ Schwarzschild radii, so matter\nfalling into the hole is gravitationally bound. The ratio of inflowing to\noutflowing mass is $\\approx 1/2$, so in these solutions the accretion rate is\nof the same order as in standard ADAFs and much larger than in\nadvection-dominated inflow/outflow models (ADIOS). The possible relevance of\nevaporation-fed solutions to accretion flows in black hole X-ray binaries is\nbriefly discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001114"}
astro-ph/0001115
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{"Title": "The Circumstellar Matter Around OH44.8-2.3", "Authors": "M. Bobrowsky (Challenger Center for Space Science Education), B.W.\n Greeley (Orbital Sciences Corporation), T. Ueta and M.M. Meixner (U.\n Illinois)", "Abstract": " I-band images of the OH maser source OH44.8-2.3 are presented. Having a\nwell-determined distance, this object is shown to be very young and physically\nsmall, with an asymmetric compact bipolar nebula already present. In the\nmorphological terminology of Meixner et al. (2000) and Ueta et al. (2000), this\nobject would be classified as a DUPLEX nebula because of its high optical depth\nand pole-to-equator density contrast.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001115"}
astro-ph/0001116
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{"Title": "Magnetic ionization fronts II: Jump conditions for oblique magnetization", "Authors": "R.J.R. Williams (1,2), J.E. Dyson (2), T.W. Hartquist (2) ((1)\n University of Cardiff, (2) University of Leeds)", "Abstract": " We present the jump conditions for ionization fronts with oblique magnetic\nfields. The standard nomenclature of R- and D-type fronts can still be applied,\nbut in the case of oblique magnetization there are fronts of each type about\neach of the fast- and slow-mode speeds. As an ionization front slows, it will\ndrive first a fast- and then a slow-mode shock into the surrounding medium.\nEven for rather weak upstream magnetic fields, the effect of magnetization on\nionization front evolution can be important. [Includes numerical MHD models and\nan application to observations of S106.]\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001116"}
astro-ph/0001117
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{"Title": "The PSCz Catalogue", "Authors": "W.Saunders, W.J.Sutherland, S.J.Maddox, O.Keeble, S.J.Oliver,\n M.Rowan-Robinson, R.G.McMahon, G.P.Efstathiou, H.Tadros, S.D.M.White,\n C.S.Frenk, A. Carraminana, M.R.S.Hawkins", "Abstract": " We present the catalogue, mask, redshift data and selection function for the\nPSCz survey of 15411 IRAS galaxies across 84% of the sky. Most of the IRAS data\nis taken from the Point Source Catalog, but this has been supplemented and\ncorrected in various ways to improve the completeness and uniformity. We\nquantify the known imperfections in the catalogue, and we assess the overall\nuniformity, completeness and data quality. We find that overall the catalogue\nis complete and uniform to within a few percent at high latitudes and 10% at\nlow latitudes. Ancillary information, access details, guidelines and caveats\nfor using the catalogue are given.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001117"}
astro-ph/0001118
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{"Title": "Evolution of the cosmological density distribution function", "Authors": "Andrew Taylor and Peter Watts", "Abstract": " We present a new calculation for the evolution of the 1-point Probability\nDistribution Function (PDF) of the cosmological density field based on an exact\nstatistical treatment. Using the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation and second-order\nEulerian perturbation theory we propagate the initial density distribution into\nthe nonlinear regime. Our calculations yield the moment generating function,\nallowing a straightforward derivation of the skewness of the PDF to second\norder. We find a new dependency on the initial perturbation spectrum. We\ncompare our results with other approximations to the 1-pt PDF, and with N-body\nsimulations. We find that our distribution accurately models the evolution of\nthe 1-pt PDF of dark matter.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001118"}
astro-ph/0001119
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{"Title": "The Most Distant X-ray Clusters and the Evolution of their Space Density", "Authors": "P. Rosati (1), S. Borgani (2), R. Della Ceca (3), S.A. Stanford (4),\n P.R. Eisenhardt (5), C. Lidman (1) ((1) ESO, (2) INFN-Trieste, (3) OAB\n Milano, (4) LLNL/UC-DAVIS, (5) JPL)", "Abstract": " We briefly review our current knowledge of the space density of distant X-ray\nclusters as measured by several ROSAT serendipitous surveys. We compare old and\nnew determinations of the cluster X-ray Luminosity Function (XLF) at increasing\nredshifts, addressing the controversial issue of the evolution of its high end.\nWe use complete subsamples, drawn from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey (RDCS), to\nquantify the statistical significance of the XLF evolution out to z ~1. A\nconsistent observational picture emerges in which the bulk of the cluster\npopulation shows no significant evolution out to z ~1, whereas the most\nluminous systems (L_x >~ L* [0.5-2 keV] =~ 5x10^44 erg/s) were indeed rarer, at\nleast at z >0.5, in keeping with the original findings of the EMSS. We also\nreport on the recent spectroscopic identification of four clusters in the RDCS\nlying beyond z =1, the most distant X-ray clusters known to date, which set an\ninteresting lower limit on the space density of clusters at z >1.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001119"}
astro-ph/0001120
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{"Title": "Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from hydrodynamical simulations: maps and low\n order statistics", "Authors": "Uros Seljak, Juan Burwell (Princeton U.), Ue-Li Pen (CITA)", "Abstract": " We use moving mesh hydrodynamical simulations to make maps of\nSunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We present these maps for several cosmological models\nand explore their lowest moments. We find that the first moment, the mean\nCompton $y$ parameter, is typically between $1-2\\times 10^{-6}$ for cluster\nabundance normalized models, the lower value corresponding to the high density\nmodels, and scales as $\\sigma_8^{3-4}$. Rms fluctuations at 10' scale have an\namplitude $ \\Delta T/T \\sim 1-3 \\times 10^{-6}$ in the Rayleigh-Jeans regime.\nThe amplitude of the power spectrum strongly depends on the power spectrum\nnormalization and scales as $\\sigma_8^{6-9}$. On smaller scales ($l>1000$) the\nspectrum is dominated by halos below $10^{13}M_{\\sun}$ and so is sensitive to\nthe thermal history of galactic halo gas. On larger scales ($l<1000$) the power\nspectrum is less sensitive to nongravitational energy injection, but becomes\nvery noisy, with large field to field variations in the power spectrum caused\nby rare bright sources in the maps, which dominate in the spectrum over the\nlarge scale structure correlations. Cross-correlation power spectrum with weak\nlensing or projected galaxy distribution is significant and the\ncross-correlation coefficient is around 0.5 over a wide range of scales.\nComparison with Press-Schechter predictions gives very good agreement for all\nthe statistics, indicating that there is no significant contribution to SZ from\nnon-virialized structures. The one point distribution function shows clear\ndeviations from gaussianity and can be well-approximated as log-normal on small\nscales.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001120"}
astro-ph/0001121
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{"Title": "Luminosities, Space Densities and Redshift Distributions of Gamma-Ray\n Bursts", "Authors": "Maarten Schmidt", "Abstract": " We use the BD2 sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) based on 5.9 years of BATSE\nDISCLA data with a variety of models of the luminosity function to derive\ncharacteristic GRB luminosities, space densities and redshift distributions.\nPreviously published results for an open universe and modest density evolution\nof the GRBs showed characteristic peak luminosities around 5x10**51 erg/s in\nthe 50-300 keV band if the emission is isotropic, and local space densities\naround 0.2 Gpc**-3 yr**-1. In this paper, we illustrate for several luminosity\nfunction models the predicted distributions of peak flux, luminosity and\nredshifts. We use the luminosity function models also to address the connection\nbetween supernovae and GRB. If all supernovae of Type Ib/c harbor a GRB, the\nbeaming fraction would have to be 10**-5 - 10**-3.5. We find that GRB 980425,\nif correctly identified with SN 1998bw, has to be part of a population\ndifferent from that of the bulk of GRBs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001121"}
astro-ph/0001122
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{"Title": "Derivation of a Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts from BATSE DISCLA Data", "Authors": "Maarten Schmidt", "Abstract": " We have searched for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the BATSE DISCLA data over a\ntime period of 5.9 years. We employ a trigger requiring an excess of at least 5\nsigma over background for at least two modules in the 50-300 keV range. After\nexcluding certain geographic locations of the satellite, we are left with 4485\ntriggers. Based on sky positions, we exclude triggers close to the sun, to Cyg\nX-1, to Nova Persei 1992 and the repeater SGR 1806-20, while these sources were\nactive. We accept 1013 triggers that correspond to GRBs in the BATSE catalog,\nand after visual inspection of the time profiles classify 378 triggers as\ncosmic GRBs. We denote the 1391 GRBs so selected as the \"BD2 sample\". The BD2\nsample effectively represents 2.003 years of full sky coverage for a rate of\n694 GRBs per year. Euclidean V/Vmax values have been derived through\nsimulations in which each GRB is removed in distance until the detection\nalgorithm does not produce a trigger. The BD2 sample produces a mean value\n<V/Vmax> = 0.334 +- 0.008.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001122"}
astro-ph/0001123
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{"Title": "Impeding and Unimpeding Gamma: The Principle of Impedance", "Authors": "David R. Madore, Gina Hamilton", "Abstract": " We demonstrate that gamma (from the Lorentz transformation of the Special\nTheory of Relativity) acts as an impediment to velocity changes only when it\noccurs inside motion energy transfer relationships. We also examine whether or\nnot gamma unimpeded velocity changes violate either the constancy of light or\nelementary causality. We find that no violations occur. We conclude the paper\nwith the procedure for a simple experiment, and further empirical evidence from\nthe Hubble Space Telescope and W.M. Keck Observatory, all of which help to\nestablish the veracity of our \"principle of impedance.\"\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001123"}
astro-ph/0001124
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{"Title": "On the Internal Absorption of Galaxy Clusters", "Authors": "John S. Arabadjis and Joel N. Bregman", "Abstract": " A study of the cores of galaxy clusters with the Einstein SSS indicated the\npresence of absorbing material corresponding to 1E+12 Msun of cold cluster gas,\npossibly resulting from cooling flows. Since this amount of cold gas is not\nconfirmed by observations at other wavelengths, we examined whether this excess\nabsorption is present in the ROSAT PSPC observations of 20 bright galaxy\nclusters. For 3/4 of the clusters, successful spectral fits were obtained with\nabsorption due only to the Galaxy, and therefore no extra absorption is needed\nwithin the clusters, in disagreement with the results from the Einstein SSS\ndata for some of the same clusters. For 1/4 of the clusters, none of our\nspectral fits was acceptable, suggesting a more complicated cluster medium than\nthe two-temperature and cooling flow models considered here. However, even for\nthese clusters, substantial excess absorption is not indicated.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001124"}
astro-ph/0001125
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{"Title": "Star Formation: Lessons from Taurus", "Authors": "Lee Hartmann (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)", "Abstract": " The Taurus molecular cloud complex is the paradigm for quiescent,\nlow-density, isolated star formation. Yet the age distribution of its stellar\npopulation indicates that star formation is a rapid and dynamic process,\ninconsistent with the old picture of magnetically-controlled protostellar cloud\ncollapse. Instead, Taurus seems to have formed stars in a manner qualitatively\nconsistent with the rapid cloud formation and dispersal inferred for other,\nhigher-density star-forming regions. I suggest that the Taurus clouds were\nformed rapidly by the collision of atomic gas streams in the interstellar\nmedium, and that star formation ensued immediately afterward.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001125"}
astro-ph/0001126
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{"Title": "Multi-wavelength Observations of Dusty Star Formation at Low and High\n Redshift", "Authors": "K. L. Adelberger and C. C. Steidel", "Abstract": " This paper examines what can be learned about high-redshift star formation\nfrom the small fraction of high-redshift galaxies' luminosities that is emitted\nat accessible wavelengths. We review and quantify empirical correlations\nbetween bolometric luminosities produced by star formation and the UV, mid-IR,\nsub-mm, and radio luminosities of galaxies in the local universe. These\ncorrelations suggest that observations of high-redshift galaxies at any of\nthese wavelengths should constrain their star-formation rates to within\n0.2--0.3 dex. We assemble the limited evidence that high-redshift galaxies obey\nthese locally calibrated correlations. The characteristic luminosities and dust\nobscurations of galaxies at z ~ 0, z ~ 1, and z ~ 3 are reviewed. After\ndiscussing the relationship between the high-redshift populations selected in\nsurveys at different wavelengths, we calculate the contribution to the 850um\nbackground from each. The available data show that a correlation between\nstar-formation rate and dust obscuration L_dust/L_UV exists at low and high\nredshift. This correlation plays a central role in the major conclusion of this\npaper: most star formation at high redshift occurred in galaxies with 1 <\nL_dust/L_UV < 100 similar to those that host the majority of star formation in\nthe local universe and to those that are detected in UV-selected surveys.\n(abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001126"}
astro-ph/0001127
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{"Title": "EUV and X-ray observation of Abell 2199: a three-phase intracluster\n medium with a massive warm component", "Authors": "Richard Lieu, Massimiliano Bonamente and Jonathan P.D. Mittaz", "Abstract": " Various independent ways of constraining the Hubble constant and the baryonic\ncontent of the universe finally converged at a consensus range of values which\nindicates that at the present epoch the bulk of the universe's baryons is in\nthe form of a warm $\\sim$ 10$^6$ K gas - a temperature regime which renders\nthem difficult to detect. The discovery of EUV and soft X-ray excess emission\nfrom clusters of galaxies was originally interpreted as the first direct\nevidence for the large scale presence of such a warm component. We present\nresults from an EUVE Deep Survey (DS) observation of the rich cluster Abell\n2199 in the Lex/B (69 - 190 eV) filter passband. The soft excess radial trend\n(SERT), shown by a plot against cluster radius $r$ of the percentage EUV\nemission $\\eta$ observed above the level expected from the hot intracluster\nmedium (ICM), reveals that $\\eta$ is a simple function of $r$ which decreases\nmonotonically towards $r = 0$; it smoothly turns negative at $r \\sim$ 6 arcmin,\ninwards of this radius the EUV is absorbed by cold matter with a line-of-sight\ncolumn density of $\\geq$ 2.7 $\\times$ 10$^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$. The area of\nabsorption is much larger than that of the cooling flow. These facts together\nprovide strong evidence for a centrally concentrated but cluster-wide\ndistribution of clumps of cold gas which co-exist with warm gas of similar\nspatial properties. Further, the simultaneous modeling of EUV and X-ray data\nrequires a warm component even within the region of absorption. The phenomenon\ndemonstrates a three phase ICM, with the warm phase estimated to be $\\sim$ 5-10\ntimes more massive than the hot.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001127"}
astro-ph/0001128
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{"Title": "The multi-phase nature of three intracluster media", "Authors": "Massimiliano Bonamente and Richard Lieu", "Abstract": " Among the models proposed to account for the new component of diffuse EUV and\nsoft X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies (first discovered in Virgo) are\ntwo key contestants: the non-thermal scenario which postulates a population of\nrelativistic electrons undergoing inverse-Compton (IC) interaction with the\ncosmic microwave background, and the original conjecture that the radiation is\nfrom a thermal warm gas at a temperature of $\\sim$ 10$^{5-6}$ K. Currently a\nconsensus set of limiting values on cosmological parameters favor the thermal\ngas interpretation. We also argued, based on pressure balance within the\nintracluster medium (ICM), that the non-thermal approach has formidable\ndifficulties. Here we describe a spatial analysis of the soft X-ray excess\nemission of three clusters (Virgo, A2199, and Coma), using archival ROSAT/PSPC\ndata, which reveals resolved features of cold intracluster clouds in absorption\nspreading over vast distances. Within the sample there is good indication that\nthe soft excess radial trend (SERT, which qualitatively means a rising\nimportance of the soft component with cluster radius) is due to a centrally\npeaked distribution of cold matter, with Coma having the least effect and no\ndirect evidence for absorption. The data strongly suggest an intermixed ICM\nwhich contains gas masses at a wide range of temperatures, and the soft excess\nis due to a warm intermediate phase.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001128"}
astro-ph/0001129
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{"Title": "Gravitational Waves from Low-Mass X-ray Binaries: a Status Report", "Authors": "Greg Ushomirsky (UC Berkeley), Lars Bildsten (ITP/UC Santa Barbara),\n Curt Cutler (Albert Einstein Institut)", "Abstract": " We summarize the observations of the spin periods of rapidly accreting\nneutron stars. If gravitational radiation is responsible for balancing the\naccretion torque at the observed spin frequencies of ~300 Hz, then the\nbrightest of these systems make excellent gravitational wave sources for\nLIGO-II and beyond. We review the recent theoretical progress on two mechanisms\nfor gravitational wave emission: mass quadrupole radiation from deformed\nneutron star crusts and current quadrupole radiation from r-mode pulsations in\nneutron star cores.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001129"}
astro-ph/0001130
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{"Title": "Nature of eclipsing pulsars", "Authors": "David Khechinashvili, George Melikidze, and Janusz Gil", "Abstract": " We present a model for pulsar radio eclipses in some binary systems, and test\nthis model for PSRs B1957+20 and J2051-0827. We suggest that in these binaries\nthe companion stars are degenerate dwarfs with strong surface magnetic fields.\nThe magnetospheres of these stars are permanently infused by the relativistic\nparticles of the pulsar wind. We argue that the radio waves emitted by the\npulsar split into the eigenmodes of the electron-positron plasma as they enter\nthe companion's magnetosphere and are then strongly damped due to cyclotron\nresonance with the ambient plasma particles. Our model explains in a natural\nway the anomalous duration and behavior of radio eclipses observed in such\nsystems. In particular, it provides stable, continuous, and frequency-dependent\neclipses, in agreement with the observations. We predict a significant\nvariation of linear polarization both at eclipse ingress and egress. In this\npaper we also suggest several possible mechanisms of generation of the optical\nand $X$-ray emission observed from these binary systems.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001130"}
astro-ph/0001131
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{"Title": "A Search for X-ray emission from Saturn, Uranus and Neptune", "Authors": "Jan-Uwe Ness and Juergen H.M.M. Schmitt", "Abstract": " We present an analysis of X-ray observations of the trans-Jovian planets\nSaturn, Uranus and Neptune with the ROSAT PSPC in comparison with X-ray\nobservations of Jupiter. For the first time a marginal X-ray detection of\nSaturn was found and 95% confidence upper limits for Uranus and Neptune were\nobtained. These upper limits show that Jupiter-like X-ray luminosities can be\nexcluded for all three planets, while they are consistent assuming intrinsic\nSaturn-like X-ray luminosities. Similar X-ray production mechanisms on all\ntrans-Jovian planets can therefore not be ruled out, and spectral shape and\ntotal luminosity observed from Saturn are consistent with thick-target\nbremsstrahlung caused by electron precipitation as occurring in auroral\nemission from the Earth.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001131"}
astro-ph/0001132
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{"Title": "Nature of microstructure in pulsar radio emission", "Authors": "George Machabeli, David Khechinashvili, George Melikidze, and David\n Shapakidze", "Abstract": " We present a model for microstructure in pulsar radio emission. We propose\nthat micropulses result from the alteration of the radio wave generation region\nby nearly transverse drift waves propagating across the pulsar magnetic field\nand encircling the bundle of the open magnetic field lines. It is demonstrated\nthat such waves can modify significantly curvature of these dipolar field\nlines. This in turn affects strongly fulfillment of the resonance conditions\nnecessary for the excitation of radio waves. The time-scale of micropulses is\ntherefore determined by the wavelength of drift waves. Main features of the\nmicrostructure are naturally explained in the frame of this model.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001132"}
astro-ph/0001133
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{"Title": "Giant protostellar outflows revealed by infrared imaging", "Authors": "Thomas Stanke, Mark J. McCaughrean, Hans Zinnecker\n (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam (AIP))", "Abstract": " We present new infrared data from a survey for embedded protostellar jets in\nthe Orion A cloud. This survey makes use of the S(1) v = 1-0 line of molecular\nhydrogen at lambda = 2.12 mum to search for infrared jets deep inside the cloud\nand thus hidden from view at optical wavelengths. We present data on the three\nflows associated with the Herbig-Haro objects HH 43/38 & HH 64, HH 65, and the\nL1641-N giant flow. HH 43, HH 38 and HH 64 are part of one H_2 flow extending\nover at least 1.4 pc. We identify a deeply embedded 1.3 mm and IRAS source (HH\n43 MMS1 = IRAS 05355-0709C) as the likely driving source, while the infrared\nsource previously assumed to drive HH 43/38 (HH 43-IRS1 = IRAS 05357-0710) is\nseen to drive a smaller jet. The morphology of HH 43-IRS1 suggests that it is a\nstar+disk system seen close to edge-on. We identify another large H_2 flow\napparently comprising the L1641-S3 CO outflow and the redshifted lobe of the\nL1641-S CO outflow containing HH 65. This flow extends over at least 2.6 pc and\nappears strongly curved. It is driven by L1641-S3 IRS, a deeply embedded 1.3 mm\nand IRAS source (L1641-S3 MMS1 = IRAS 05375-0731). Finally, we have found some\nadditional large H_2 features to the east of V 380 Ori and the HH 1/2 system,\nwhich probably outline another part of the L1641-N outflow. The molecular flow\nMB 20/21, which extends to the south from V 380 Ori, also appears to be a part\nof the L1641-N outflow.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001133"}
astro-ph/0001134
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{"Title": "Phase lag variability associated with the 0.5-10 Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105", "Authors": "P. Reig (U. Crete/FORTH), T. Belloni (O. Brera), M. van der Klis (U.\n Amsterdam), M. Mendez (U. Amsterdam/U. La Plata), N. Kylafis (U Crete/FORTH)\n & E.C. Ford (U. Amsterdam)", "Abstract": " We have used Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data to measure the lags between\nsoft (2-5 keV) and hard (5-13 keV) photons and to study the aperiodic\nvariability of the superluminal black hole candidate GRS 1915+105 during\nlow-flux states. The power density spectra exhibit quasi-periodic oscillations\n(QPO) whose frequency increases with increasing count rate and varies in the\nfrequency range 0.6-8 Hz. A correlation between the QPO frequency and the phase\nlag spectra is reported for the first time. This correlation is found for both\nthe phase lag continuum and the phase lag at the QPO frequency. We find that as\nthe QPO frequency moves to higher values the phase lags reverse sign from\npositive to negative. The absolute value of the lag always increases with\nphoton energy. The negative (soft) lags are associated with a softer energy\nspectrum, whereas the positive (hard) lags are seen when the source is harder.\nWe describe a possible scenario that may account for the change in the sign of\nthe lags.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001134"}
astro-ph/0001135
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{"Title": "Theory and Observations of Type I X-Ray Bursts from Neutron Stars", "Authors": "Lars Bildsten (Institute for Theoretical Physics, UCSB)", "Abstract": " I review our understanding of the thermonuclear instabilities on accreting\nneutron stars that produce Type I X-Ray bursts. I emphasize those observational\nand theoretical aspects that should interest the broad audience of this\nmeeting. The easily accessible timescales of the bursts (durations of tens of\nseconds and recurrence times of hours to days) allow for a very stringent\ncomparison to theory. The largest discrepancy (which was found with EXOSAT\nobservations) is the accretion rate dependence of the Type I burst properties.\nBursts become less frequent and energetic as the global accretion rate\nincreases, just the opposite of what the spherical theory predicts. I present a\nresolution of this issue by taking seriously the observed dependence of the\nburning area on the global accretion rate, which implies that as the accretion\nrate increases, the accretion rate per unit area decreases. This resurrects the\nunsolved problem of knowing where the freshly accreted material accumulates on\nthe star, equally relevant to the likely signs of rotation during the bursts\nsummarized by Swank at this meeting. I close by highlighting the Type I bursts\nfrom GS 1826-238 that were found with BeppoSAX and RXTE. Their energetics,\nrecurrence times and temporal profiles clearly indicate that hydrogen is being\nburned during these bursts, most likely by the rapid-proton (rp) process.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001135"}
astro-ph/0001136
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{"Title": "Deformations of Accreting Neutron Star Crusts and Gravitational Wave\n Emission", "Authors": "Greg Ushomirsky (UC Berkeley/Caltech), Curt Cutler (Albert Einstein\n Institut), Lars Bildsten (ITP/UC Santa Barbara)", "Abstract": " Motivated by the narrow range of spin frequencies of nearly 20 accreting\nneutron stars, Bildsten (1998) conjectured that their spin-up had been halted\nby the emission of gravitational waves. He also pointed out that small\nnonaxisymmetric temperature variations in the accreted crust will lead to\n\"wavy\" electron capture layers, whose horizontal density variations naturally\ncreate a mass quadrupole moment.\n We present a full calculation of the crust's elastic adjustment to these\ndensity perturbations and find that the elastic response of the crust reduces\nBildsten's original estimate of the quadrupole moment in the thin outer crust\nby a factor of 20-50. However, this basic picture, when applied to capture\nlayers in the deep inner crust, can generate quadrupoles in the necessary range\nas long as there are ~5% lateral temperature variations in the inner crust. By\ncalculating the thermal flow throughout the core and the crust, we find that\ntemperature gradients this large are easily maintained by asymmetric heat\nsources or lateral composition gradients in the crust.\n We also derive a general relation between the stresses and strains in the\ncrust and the maximum quadrupole moment they can generate. We show under quite\ngeneral conditions that maintaining a quadrupole of the magnitude necessary to\nbalance the accretion torque requires dimensionless strains close to 0.01 at\nnear-Eddington accretion rates, of order the breaking strain of conventional\nmaterials.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001136"}
astro-ph/0001137
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{"Title": "Searching the Footprint of WIMPZILLAs", "Authors": "Houri Ziaeepour", "Abstract": " We constrain mass, lifetime and contribution of a very slowly decaying Ultra\nHeavy Dark Matter (UHDM) by simulating the cosmological evolution of its\nremnants. Most of interactions which participate in energy dissipation are\nincluded in the numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. Cross-sections\nare calculated either analytically or by using PYTHIA Monte Carlo program. This\npaper describes in detail our simulation. To show the importance of the\ndistribution of matter in constraining WIMPZILLA characteristics, we consider\ntwo extreme cases: a homogeneous universe, and a local halo with uniform\ndistribution. We show that in a homogeneous universe, the decay of UHDM with a\nmass \\sim 10^15 GeV and a lifetime \\sim a few times \\tau_0 the age of the\nUniverse, can not explain the flux of observed Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays\n(UHECRs). This shows the importance of nearby sources, notably galactic halo.\nIn a uniform clump with an over-density of \\sim 200 extended to 100 kpc or\nmore, the lifetime must be \\sim 10 - 100 \\tau_0 or the contribution in the DM\nmust be proportionally smaller. We also compare our calculation with observed\ngamma-rays at E \\sim 10^11 eV by EGRET and CASA-MIA limit at E \\sim 10^15 eV.\nThey are compatible with a UHDM with relatively short lifetime.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001137"}
astro-ph/0001138
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{"Title": "A Preliminary Visual Orbit of BY Draconis", "Authors": "A.F. Boden and B.F. Lane", "Abstract": " We report on the preliminary determination of the visual orbit of the\ndouble-lined spectroscopic binary system BY Draconis with data obtained by the\nPalomar Testbed Interferometer in 1999. BY Dra is a nearly equal-mass\ndouble-lined binary system whose spectroscopic orbit is well known. We have\nestimated the visual orbit of BY Dra from our interferometric visibility data\nfit both separately and in conjunction with archival radial velocity data. Our\nBY Dra orbit is in good agreement with the spectroscopic results. Due to the\norbit's face-on orientation, the physical parameters implied by a combined fit\nto our visibility data and radial velocity data do not yet result in precise\ncomponent masses and a system distance, but with continued interferometric\nmonitoring we hope to improve the mass estimates to better than 10%\ndeterminations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001138"}
astro-ph/0001139
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{"Title": "Analysis and interpretation of the X-ray properties of black hole\n candidates", "Authors": "Sergey P. Trudolyubov (Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia)", "Abstract": " The thesis is mainly devoted to the study of spectral and timing\ncharacteristics of the X-ray emission from Galactic black hole candidates GRS\n1915+105, GX 339-4, 4U 1630-47, XTE J1748-288, GRS 1739-278, KS/GRS 1730-312\nand GRS 1737-31. The main results include: observation of the correlated\nevolution of spectral and timing parameters of these sources and its\ninterpretation in the framework of two-phase model of the accretion flow near\nthe compact objects; development of the quantitative model for the evolution of\nGRS 1915+105 during flaring state providing direct estimate of the disk\naccretion rate in the system; restrictions on the parameters of the spatial\ndistribution and luminosity function of the Galactic hard X-ray transient\nsources; application of the the bulk motion comptonization model to the\nanalytic approximation of the broad--band energy spectra of Galactic black hole\ncandidates in the high/very high state obtained with RXTE.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001139"}
astro-ph/0001140
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{"Title": "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of\n Groups", "Authors": "G. Giuricin (1,2), C. Marinoni (1,4), L. Ceriani (1), A. Pisani (3)\n ((1) Department of Astronomy, University of Trieste; (2) SISSA, Trieste,\n Italy; (3) Astronomical Observatory, Trieste, Italy; (4) Department of\n Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada)", "Abstract": " In this paper we describe the Nearby Optical Galaxy (NOG) sample, which is a\ncomplete, distance-limited ($cz\\leq$6000 km/s) and magnitude-limited\n(B$\\leq$14) sample of $\\sim$7000 optical galaxies. The sample covers 2/3 (8.27\nsr) of the sky ($|b|>20^{\\circ}$) and appears to have a good completeness in\nredshift (98%). We select the sample on the basis of homogenized corrected\ntotal blue magnitudes in order to minimize systematic effects in galaxy\nsampling.\n We identify the groups in this sample by means of both the hierarchical and\nthe percolation {\\it friends of friends} methods. The resulting catalogs of\nloose groups appear to be similar and are among the largest catalogs of groups\npresently available. Most of the NOG galaxies ($\\sim$60%) are found to be\nmembers of galaxy pairs ($\\sim$580 pairs for a total of $\\sim$15% of objects)\nor groups with at least three members ($\\sim$500 groups for a total of\n$\\sim$45% of objects). About 40% of galaxies are left ungrouped (field\ngalaxies). We illustrate the main features of the NOG galaxy distribution.\nCompared to previous optical and IRAS galaxy samples, the NOG provides a denser\nsampling of the galaxy distribution in the nearby universe. Given its large sky\ncoverage, the identification of groups, and its high-density sampling, the NOG\nis suited for the analysis of the galaxy density field of the nearby universe,\nespecially on small scales.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001140"}
astro-ph/0001141
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{"Title": "CTQ 839: Candidate for the Smallest Projected Separation Binary Quasar", "Authors": "Nicholas D. Morgan (1), Greg Burley (2), Edgardo Costa (3), Jose Maza\n (3), S. E. Persson (2), Maria Teresa Ruiz (3), Paul L. Schechter (1), Ian\n Thompson (2), Joshua N. Winn (1) ((1) MIT, (2) OCIW, (3) Universidad de\n Chile)", "Abstract": " We report the discovery of the new double quasar CTQ 839. This B = 18.3,\nradio quiet quasar pair is separated by 2.1\" in BRIH filters with magnitude\ndifferences of delta m_B = 2.5, delta m_R = delta m_I = 1.9, and delta m_H =\n2.3. Spectral observations reveal both components to be z = 2.24 quasars, with\nrelative redshifts that agree at the 100 km/s level, but exhibit pronounced\ndifferences in the equivalent widths of related emission features, as well as\nan enhancement of blue continuum flux in the brighter component longward of the\nLy alpha emission feature. In general, similar redshift double quasars can be\nthe result of a physical binary pair, or a single quasar multiply imaged by\ngravitational lensing. Empirical PSF subtraction of R and H band images of CTQ\n839 reveal no indication of a lensing galaxy, and place a detection limit of R\n= 22.5 and H = 17.4 for a third component in the system. For an Einstein-de\nSitter cosmology and SIS model, the R band detection limit constrains the\ncharacteristics of any lensing galaxy to z_lens >= 1 with a corresponding\nluminosity of L >~ 5 L_*, while an analysis based on the redshift probability\ndistribution for the lensing galaxy argues against the existence of a z_lens >~\n1 lens at the 2 sigma level. A similar analysis for a Lambda dominated\ncosmology, however, does not significantly constrain the existence of any\nlensing galaxy. The broadband flux differences, spectral dissimilarities, and\nfailure to detect a lensing galaxy make the lensing hypothesis for CTQ 839\nunlikely. The similar redshifts of the two components would then argue for a\nphysical quasar binary. At a projected separation of 8.3/h kpc (Omega_matter =\n1), CTQ 839 would be the smallest projected separation binary quasar currently\nknown.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001141"}
astro-ph/0001142
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{"Title": "Gas Rich Dwarf Spheroidals", "Authors": "Leo Blitz, Timothy Robishaw (UC Berkeley)", "Abstract": " We present evidence that nearly half of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph\nand dSph/dIrr) in the Local Group are associated with large reservoirs of\natomic gas, in some cases larger than the stellar mass. The gas is sometimes\nfound at large distance (~10 kpc) from the center of a galaxy and is not\nnecessarily centered on it. Similarly large quantities of ionized gas could be\nhidden in these systems as well. The properties of some of the gas reservoirs\nare similar to the median properties of the High-Velocity Clouds (HVCs); two of\nthe HI reservoirs are catalogued HVCs. The association of the HI with the dwarf\nspheroidals might thus provide a link between the HVCs and stars. We show that\nthe HI content of the Local Group dSphs and dIrrs exhibits a sharp decline if\nthe galaxy is within 250 kpc of either the Milky Way or M31. This can be\nexplained if both galaxies have a sufficiently massive x-ray emitting halo that\nproduces ram-pressure stripping if a dwarf ventures too close to either giant\nspiral. We also investigate tidal stripping of the dwarf galaxies and find that\nalthough it may play a role, it cannot explain the apparent total absence of\nneutral gas in most dSph galaxies at distances less than 250 kpc. For the\nderived mean density of the hot gas, n_0 = 2.5e-5 cm^-2, ram-pressure stripping\nis found to be more than an order of magnitude more effective in removing the\ngas from the dSph galaxies. The hot halo, with an inferred mass of 1e10 solar\nmasses, may represent a reservoir of ~1000 destroyed dwarf systems, either HVCs\nor true dwarf galaxies similar to those we observe now.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001142"}
astro-ph/0001143
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{"Title": "X-ray Measurements of the Gravitational Potential Profile in the Central\n Region of the Abell 1060 Cluster of Galaxies", "Authors": "Takayuki Tamura (1), Kazuo Makishima (2), Yasushi Fukazawa (2),\n Yasushi Ikebe (3), and Haiguang Xu (4) ((1) Institute of Space and\n Astronautical Science,Japan, (2) University of Tokyo, Japan, (3) MPE,\n Germany, (4)Shanghai Jiao Tong University, RPC)", "Abstract": " X-ray spectral and imaging data from ASCA and ROSAT were used to measure the\ntotal mass profile in the central region of Abell 1060, a nearby and relatively\npoor cluster of galaxies. The ASCA X-ray spectra, after correcting for the\nspatial response of the X-ray telescope, show an isothermal distribution of the\nintra-cluster medium (ICM) within at least $\\sim$ 12' (or $160h_{70}^{-1}$ kpc;\n$H_0 = 70 h_{70}$ km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$) in radius of the cluster center. The\nazimuthally averaged surface brightness profile from the ROSAT PSPC exhibits a\ncentral excess above an isothermal $\\beta$ model. The ring-sorted ASCA GIS\nspectra and the radial surface brightness distribution from the ROSAT PSPC were\nsimultaneously utilized to constrain the gravitational potential profile. Some\nanalytic models of the total mass density profile were examined. The ICM\ndensity profile was also specified by analytic forms. The ICM temperature\ndistribution was constrained to satisfy the hydrostatic equilibrium, and to be\nconsistent with the data. Then, the total mass distribution was found to be\ndescribed better by the universal dark halo profile proposed by Navarro, Frenk,\nand White (1996;1997) than by a King-type model with a flat density core. A\nprofile with a central cusp together with a logarithmic radial slope of $\\sim\n1.5$ was also consistent with the data. Discussions are made concerning the\nestimated dark matter distribution around the cluster center.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001143"}
astro-ph/0001144
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{"Title": "The Chemical Composition of Carbon Stars II: The J-type stars", "Authors": "Carlos Abia & Jordi Isern", "Abstract": " Abundances of Li, heavy elements and carbon isotope ratios have been measured\nin 12 J-type galactic carbon stars. The abundance analysis shows that in these\nstars the abundances of s-process elements with respect to the metallicity are\nnearly normal. Tc is not present in most of them, although upper limits have\nbeen derived for WZ Cas and WX Cyg, perhaps two SC-type rather than J-type\ncarbon stars. The Rb abundances, obtained from the resonance 7800 {\\AA} Rb I\nline, are surprisingly low, probably due to strong non-LTE effects in the\nformation of this line in cool carbon-rich stars. Lithium and $^{13}$C are\nfound to be enhanced in all the stars. These results together with the nitrogen\nabundances and oxygen isotope ratios measured by Lambert et al. (1986) and\nHarris et al. (1987) are used to discuss the origin of J-stars. The luminosity\nand variability class of the stars studied would indicate that they are low\nmass (M$\\leq 2-3$ M$_\\odot$), less evolved objects than the normal carbon\nstars, although the presence of some luminous (M$_{bol}<-5.5$) J-stars in our\ngalaxy (WZ Cas may be an example) and in other galaxies, suggests the existence\nof at least two types of J-stars, with different formation scenarios depending\nupon the initial mass of the parent star. Standard evolutionary AGB models are\ndifficult to reconcile with all the observed chemical characteristics. In fact,\nthey suggest the existence of an extra-mixing mechanism which transports\nmaterial from the convective envelope down to hotter regions where some nuclear\nburning occurs. This mechanism would act preferably on the early-AGB phase in\nlow-mass stars. Mixing at the He-core flash and the binary system hypothesis\nare also discussed as alternatives to the above scenario.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001144"}
astro-ph/0001145
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{"Title": "The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment", "Authors": "BAIKAL Collaboration, V.Balkanov, et al", "Abstract": " We rewiew the present status of the Baikal Neutrino Project and present the\nresults of a search for high energy neutrinos with the detector intermediate\nstage NT-96.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001145"}
astro-ph/0001146
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{"Title": "The modified dynamics is conducive to galactic warp formation", "Authors": "Rafael Brada and Mordehai Milgrom", "Abstract": " There is an effect in the modified dynamics (MOND) that is conducive to\nformation of warps. Because of the nonlinearity of the theory the internal\ndynamics of a galaxy is affected by a perturber over and above possible tidal\neffects. For example, a relatively distant and light companion or the mean\ninfluence of a parent cluster, with negligible tidal effects, could still\nproduce a significant warp in the outer part of a galactic disk. We present\nresults of numerical calculations for simplified models that show, for\ninstance, that a satellite with the (baryonic) mass and distance of the\nMagellanic clouds can distort the axisymmetric field of the Milky Way enough to\nproduce a warp of the magnitude (and position) observed. Details of the warp\ngeometry remain to be explained: we use a static configuration that can produce\nonly warps with a straight line of nodes. In more realistic simulations one\nmust reckon with the motion of the perturbing body, which sometimes occurs on\ntime scales not much longer than the response time of the disk.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001146"}
astro-ph/0001147
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{"Title": "Comparing the Evolution of the Galaxy Disk Sizes with CDM Models: The\n Hubble Deep Field", "Authors": "E. Giallongo, N. Menci, F. Poli, S. D'Odorico, A. Fontana", "Abstract": " The intrinsic sizes of the field galaxies with I<26 in the Hubble and ESO-NTT\nDeep Fields are shown as a function of their redshifts and absolute magnitudes\nusing photometric redshifts derived from the multicolor catalogs and are\ncompared with the CDM predictions. Extending to lower luminosities and to\nhigher z our previous analysis performed on the NTT field alone, we find that\nthe distribution of the galaxy disk sizes at different cosmic epochs is within\nthe range predicted by typical CDM models. However, the observed size\ndistribution of faint (M_B>-19) galaxies is skewed with respect to the CDM\npredictions and an excess of small-size disks (R_d<2 kpc) is already present at\nz~ 0.5. The excess persists up to z~3 and involves brighter galaxies . Such an\nexcess may be reduced if luminosity-dependent effects, like starburst activity\nin interacting galaxies, are included in the physical mechanisms governing the\nstar formation history in CDM models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001147"}
astro-ph/0001148
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{"Title": "chi sup 2_ testing of optimal filters for gravitational wave signals: An\n experimental implementation", "Authors": "L. Baggio, M. Cerdonio, A. Ortolan, G. Vedovato, L. Taffarello, J-P.\n Zendri, M. Bonaldi, P. Falferi, V. Martinucci, R. Mezzena, G.A. Prodi, S.\n Vitale", "Abstract": " We have implemented likelihood testing of the performance of an optimal\nfilter within the online analysis of AURIGA, a sub-Kelvin resonant-bar\ngravitational wave detector. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique\nin discriminating between impulsive mechanical excitations of the resonant-bar\nand other spurious excitations. This technique also ensures the accuracy of the\nestimated parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio. The efficiency of the\ntechnique to deal with non-stationary noise and its application to data from a\nnetwork of detectors are also discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001148"}
astro-ph/0001149
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{"Title": "Looking for GRB progenitors", "Authors": "Krzysztof Belczynski, Tomasz Bulik, Bronislaw Rudak", "Abstract": " Using stellar binary population synthesis code we calculate the production\nrates and lifetimes of several types of possible GRB progenitors. We consider\nmergers of double neutron stars, black hole neutron stars, black hole white\ndwarfs and helium star mergers. We calibrate the results with the measured star\nformation rate history. We discuss the viability of each GRB model, and\nalternatively assuming that all bursts are connected with one model we\nconstrain the required collimation of GRBs. We also show the importance of\nwidely used evolutionary parameters on the merger rates of calculated binary\npopulations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001149"}
astro-ph/0001150
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{"Title": "Distribution of binary mergers around galaxies", "Authors": "Tomasz Bulik and Krzysztof Belczynski", "Abstract": " We use a stellar binary population synthesis code to find the lifetimes and\nvelocities of several types of possible GRB progenitors: double neutron stars,\nblack hole neutron stars, black hole white dwarfs, helium star mergers.\nAssuming that they are born in different types of galaxies we compute their\nspatial distribution and compare it with the observed locations of GRB\nafterglows within their hosts. We discuss constraints on the compact object\nmerger model of GRBs imposed by this comparison and find that the observations\nof afterglows and their host galaxies appear inconsistent with the GRB compact\nobject merger model.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001150"}
astro-ph/0001151
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{"Title": "The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment: selected results", "Authors": "BAIKAL Collaboration, V.Balkanov, et al", "Abstract": " We review the present status of the lake Baikal Neutrino Experiment and\npresent selected physical results gained with the consequetive stages of the\nstepwise increasing detector: from NT-36 to NT-96. Results cover atmospheric\nmuons, neutrino events, very high energy neutrinos, search for neutrino events\nfrom WIMP annihilation, search for magnetic monopoles and environmental\nstudies. We also describe an air Cherenkov array developed for the study of\nangular resolution of NT-200.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001151"}
astro-ph/0001152
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{"Title": "W UMa-type Binary Stars in Globular Clusters", "Authors": "Slavek M. Rucinski (David Dunlap Observatory, University of Toronto)", "Abstract": " A sample of 86 contact binary systems in 14 globular clusters with available\ncolor index data in (B-V) or in (V-I) has been analyzed. At least one third of\nall systems are numerous foreground Galactic Disk projections over long lines\nof sight to the clusters. Since the selection of the cluster members has been\nbased on the MV(logP, color) calibrations, the matter of a\nmetallicity-correction required particular attention with the result that such\na correction is apparently not needed at the present level of accuracy.\nAnalysis of the color-magnitude and period-color relations shows that globular\ncluster members are under-luminous relative to the Galactic Disk contact\nsystems mainly because of the smaller sizes and, consequently, shorter orbital\nperiods; the color-index effect of the diminished blanketing is less important,\nespecially for (V-I). The variability amplitudes for the Blue Straggler systems\nshow a significantly different distribution from that for systems below the\nTurn Off Point (TOP): The BS systems show only small amplitudes while the\ndistribution for the systems below the TOP is peculiar in containing only large\namplitude systems. This difference is linked to an observational selection\neffect so that efforts at determining the frequency of occurrence of the\ncontact systems below the TOP have been judged to be premature; the frequency\namong the BS stars could be at about 45+-10 BS stars per one contact BS binary.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001152"}
astro-ph/0001153
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{"Title": "Resolving the jeans mass in hydrodynamic simulations of hierarchical\n clustering", "Authors": "Eric R. Tittley, H.M.P. Couchman", "Abstract": " We examine the necessity of resolving the Jeans mass in hydrodynamical\nsimulations of the hierarchical formation of cosmological structures. We\nconsider a standard two-component fluid and use smoothed particle hydrodynamics\nto model the baryonic component. It is found that resolution of the Jeans mass\nis not necessary to extract bulk properties of bound objects that are\nindependent of resolution, provided that the objects have undergone a number of\nmerger events. The degree of merging must be sufficient to populate the objects\nwith substructure of similar total mass. After this criterion is met, neither\nthe density profiles of structures nor their density-temperature distributions\ndepend appreciably on the resolution of the simulation. Resolution of the Jeans\nmass by the imposition of a minimum temperature is not found to adversely\naffect the state of the matter in the final clusters. The baryon concentration\nprofiles still indicate a deficit of gas with respect to the dark matter in the\ninteriors of structures.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001153"}
astro-ph/0001154
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{"Title": "The Stellar Content of the Halo of NGC 5907 from Deep HST NICMOS Imaging", "Authors": "Stephen E. Zepf (Yale), Michael C. Liu (UC Berkeley), Francine R.\n Marleau (Cambridge), Penny D. Sackett (Groningen), and James. R. Graham (UC\n Berkeley)", "Abstract": " We present H-band images obtained with NICMOS of a field 75'' (5kpc) above\nthe plane of the disk of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5907. Ground-based\nobservations have shown that NGC 5907 has a luminous halo with a shallow radial\nprofile between 4 and 8 kpc that roughly traces the dark matter distribution of\nthe galaxy deduced from its rotation curve. Our NICMOS observations were\ndesigned to resolve bright giants in the halo of NGC 5907 to constrain its\nstellar composition with the goal of understanding its nature and origin. More\nthan 100 stars are expected in the NICMOS images if the dwarf-to-giant ratio in\nthe halo of NGC 5907 is consistent with that expected from standard stellar\ninitial mass functions, and if ground-based estimates of the distance to NGC\n5907 and the integrated colors of its halo are correct. Instead we observe only\none candidate giant star. This apparent discrepancy can be resolved by assuming\neither a significantly larger distance than suggested by several studies, or a\nhalo metallicity much lower than suggested by ground-based colors and as low as\nmetal-poor Galactic globular clusters. If previous distance and halo color\nestimates for NGC 5907 are correct, our NICMOS results suggest that its\nextended light is composed of stars that formed with an initial mass function\ndifferent than that observed locally, leading to a much higher ratio of dwarfs\nto giants. We describe how these three possible explanations for the absence of\nbright giants in our NICMOS images of the halo of NGC 5907 might be constrained\nby future observations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001154"}
astro-ph/0001155
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{"Title": "ISO SWS-LWS observations of the prototypical reflection nebula NGC 7023", "Authors": "A. Fuente (OAN), J. Martin-Pintado (OAN), N.J. Rodriguez-Fernandez\n (OAN), J. Cernicharo (CSIC), M. Gerin (DEMIRM)", "Abstract": " We present SWS and LWS ISO observations towards a strip across the\nphotodissociation region (PDR) in the reflection nebula NGC 7023. SWS02 and\nLWS01 spectra have been taken towards the star and the brightest infrared\nfilaments located NW and SW from the star (hereafter NW and SW PDRs). In\naddition, SWS02 spectra have been taken towards two intermediate positions.\n While all the PDR tracers (the [CII] 157.7$\\mic$, [OI] 63.2 and 145.6$\\mic$,\n[HI] 21cm and the H$_2$ rotational lines) present a ring-like morphology with\nthe peaks toward the NW and SW PDRs and a minimum around the star, the SiII\nemission is filling the hole of this ring with the peak towards the star. This\nmorphology can only be explained if the SiII emission arise in the lowest\nextinction layers of the PDR (A$_v$ $<$ 2 mag) and the HII region. At least 20%\n-- 30% of the Si must be in gas phase in these layers. For A$_v$ $\\geq$ 2 mag,\nthe Si is mainly in solid form ($\\delta$ Si = -1.3).\n In both, the NW and SW PDRs, the intensities of the H$_2$ rotational lines\ncan only be fitted by assuming an ortho-to-para-H$_2$ ratio lower than 3 in gas\nwith rotation temperatures from 400 to 700 K. Therefore, there is a\nnon-equilibrium OTP ratio in the region. The comparison between the OTP ratio\nderived from H$_2$ vibrational lines and the pure H$_2$ rotational lines, shows\nthat the OTP ratio increases from $\\sim$ 1.5 to 3 across the photodissociation\nregion with larger values in the less shielded gas (A$_v$$<$ 0.7 mag). This\nbehavior is interpreted as a consequence of an advancing photodissociation\nfront.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001155"}
astro-ph/0001156
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{"Title": "Discovery of 9 Ly alpha emitters at redshift z~3.1 using narrow-band\n imaging and VLT spectroscopy", "Authors": "R.P. Kudritzki, R.H. Mendez, J.J. Feldmeier, R. Ciardullo, G.H.\n Jacoby, K.C. Freeman, M. Arnaboldi, M. Capaccioli, O. Gerhard, H.C. Ford", "Abstract": " Narrow-band imaging surveys aimed at detecting the faint emission from the\n5007 [O III] line of intracluster planetary nebulae in Virgo also probe high\nredshift z=3.1 Ly alpha emitters. Here we report on the spectroscopic\nidentification of 9 Ly alpha emitters at z=3.13, obtained with the FORS\nspectrograph at Unit 1 of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT UT1). The spectra\nof these high redshift objects show a narrow, isolated Ly alpha emission with\nvery faint (frequently undetected) continuum, indicating a large equivalent\nwidth. No other features are visible in our spectra. Our Ly alpha emitters are\nquite similar to those found by Hu (1998), Cowie & Hu (1998) and Hu et al.\n(1998). Using simple population synthesis models, on the assumption that these\nsources are regions of star formation, we conclude that the nebulae are nearly\noptically thick and must have a very low dust content, in order to explain the\nhigh observed Ly alpha equivalent widths. For the cosmological and star\nformation parameters we adopted, the total stellar mass produced would seem to\ncorrespond to the formation of rather small galaxies, some of which are perhaps\ndestined to merge. The implied star formation density in our sampled comoving\nvolume is probably somewhat smaller than, but of the same order of magnitude as\nthe star formation density at z=3 derived by other authors from Lyman-break\ngalaxy surveys. This result agrees with the expectation that the Ly alpha\nemitters are a low-metallicity (or low-dust) tail in a distribution of star\nforming regions at high redshifts. Finally, the Ly alpha emitters may\ncontribute as many H-ionizing photons as QSOs at z=3.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001156"}
astro-ph/0001157
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{"Title": "The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant H II Regions: II. W42", "Authors": "R. D. Blum, P. S. Conti, A. Damineli", "Abstract": " We present near infrared J, H, and K images and K-band spectroscopy in the\ngiant HII region W42. A massive star cluster is revealed; the color-color plot\nand K-band spectroscopic morphology of two of the brighter objects suggest the\npresence of young stellar objects. The spectrum of the bright central star is\nsimilar to unobscured stars with MK spectral types of O5-O6.5. If this star is\non the zero age main sequence, then the derived spectrophotometric distance is\nconsiderably smaller than previous estimates. The Lyman continuum luminosity of\nthe cluster is a few times that of the Trapezium. The slope of the K-band\nluminosity function is similar to that for the Trapezium cluster and\nsignificantly steeper than that for the massive star cluster in M17 or the\nArches cluster near the Galactic center.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001157"}
astro-ph/0001158
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{"Title": "The Off State of GX 339-4", "Authors": "A.K.H. Kong (1), E. Kuulkers (2), P.A. Charles (1), L. Homer (1) ((1)\n NAPL, Oxford University, (2) SRON & Utrecht University)", "Abstract": " We report BeppoSAX and optical observations of the black hole candidate GX\n339-4 during its X-ray `off' state in 1999. The broad-band (0.8-50 keV) X-ray\nemission can be fitted by a single power law with spectral index, \\alpha ~1.6.\nThe observed luminosity is 6.6e33 erg s^{-1} in the 0.5-10 keV band, which is\nat the higher end of the flux distribution of black hole soft X-ray transients\nin quiescence, comparable to that seen in GS 2023+338 and 4U 1630-47. An\noptical observation just before the BeppoSAX observation shows the source to be\nvery faint at these wavelengths as well (B=20.1, V=19.2). By comparing with\npreviously reported `off' and low states (LS), we conclude that the `off' state\nis actually an extension of the LS, i.e. a LS at lower intensities. We propose\nthat accretion models such as the advection-dominated accretion flows are able\nto explain the observed properties in such a state.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001158"}
astro-ph/0001159
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{"Title": "Probing the width of the MACHO mass function", "Authors": "Anne M Green", "Abstract": " The simplest interpretation of the microlensing events observed towards the\nLarge Magellanic Cloud is that approximately half of the mass of the Milky Way\nhalo is in the form of MAssive Compact Halo Objects with $M \\sim 0.5\nM_{\\odot}$. This poses severe problems for stellar MACHO candidates, and leads\nto the consideration of more exotic objects such as primordial black holes\n(PBHs). Constraining the MACHO mass function will shed light on their nature.\nUsing the current data we find, for four halo models, the best fit\ndelta-function, power law and PBH mass functions. The best fit PBH mass\nfunctions, despite having significant finite width, have likelihoods which are\nsimilar to, and for one particular halo model greater than, those of the best\nfit delta functions. We also find that if the correct halo model is known then\n$\\sim$ 500 events will be sufficient to determine whether the MACHO mass\nfunction has significant width, and will also allow determination of the mass\nfunction parameters to $\\sim 5%$.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001159"}
astro-ph/0001160
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{"Title": "The Synchrotron Spectrum of Fast Cooling Electrons Revisited", "Authors": "Jonathan Granot (Hebrew University), Tsvi Piran (Hebrew University),\n Re'em Sari (Caltech)", "Abstract": " We discuss the spectrum arising from synchrotron emission by fast cooling\n(FC) electrons, when fresh electrons are continually accelerated by a strong\nblast wave, into a power law distribution of energies. The FC spectrum was so\nfar described by four power law segments divided by three break frequencies\n$\\nu_{sa} < \\nu_{c} < \\nu_{m}$. This is valid for a homogeneous electron\ndistribution. However, hot electrons are located right after the shock, while\nmost electrons are farther down stream and have cooled. This spatial\ndistribution changes the optically thick part of the spectrum, introducing a\nnew break frequency, $\\nu_{ac} < \\nu_{sa}$, and a new spectral slope, $F_{\\nu\n}\\propto \\nu^{11/8}$ for $\\nu_{ac} < \\nu < \\nu_{sa}$. The familiar $F_{\\nu\n}\\propto \\nu ^{2}$ holds only for $\\nu < \\nu_{ac}$. This ordering of the break\nfrequencies is relevant for typical gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows in an ISM\nenvironment. Other possibilities arise for internal shocks or afterglows in\ndense circumstellar winds. We discuss possible implications of this spectrum\nfor GRBs and their afterglows, in the context of the internal-external shock\nmodel. Observations of $F_{\\nu} \\propto \\nu^{11/8}$ would enable us to probe\nscales much smaller than the typical size of the system, and constrain the\namount of turbulent mixing behind the shock.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001160"}
astro-ph/0001161
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{"Title": "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Young Planetary Nebula GL 618", "Authors": "Susan R. Trammell", "Abstract": " We present narrow-band Hubble Space Telescope images of the young planetary\nnebula GL 618. These images have allowed us to study the detailed morphology of\nshock-excited emission present in the bipolar lobes of this object. These\nimages reveal the presence of three highly collimated outflows emanating from\nthe central regions of GL 618. We discuss the significance of the detection of\nthese outflows and the possible origins of these features.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001161"}
astro-ph/0001162
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{"Title": "X-ray total mass estimate for the nearby relaxed cluster A3571", "Authors": "J. Nevalainen (1 and 2), M. Markevitch (1 and 3), W.R. Forman (1) ((1)\n Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA, (2) Observatory,\n University of Helsinki, Finland, (3) Space Research Institute, Russian Acad.\n of Sci., Russia)", "Abstract": " We constrain the total mass distribution in the cluster A3571, combining\nspatially resolved ASCA temperature data with ROSAT imaging data with the\nassumption that the cluster is in hydrostatic equilibrium. The total mass\nwithin r_500 (1.7/h_50 Mpc) is M_500 = 7.8[+1.4,-2.2] 10^14/ h_50 Msun at 90%\nconfidence, 1.1 times smaller than the isothermal estimate. The Navarro, Frenk\n& White ``universal profile'' is a good description of the dark matter density\ndistribution in A3571. The gas density profile is shallower than the dark\nmatter profile, scaling as r^{-2.1} at large radii, leading to a monotonically\nincreasing gas mass fraction with radius. Within r_500 the gas mass fraction\nreaches a value of f_gas = 0.19[+0.06,-0.03] h_50^{-3/2} (90% confidence\nerrors). Assuming that this value of f_gas is a lower limit for the the\nuniversal value of the baryon fraction, we estimate the 90% confidence upper\nlimit of the cosmological matter density to be Omega_m < 0.4.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001162"}
astro-ph/0001163
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{"Title": "Correlated X-ray Spectral and Timing Behavior of the Black Hole\n Candidate XTE J1550-564: A New Interpretation of Black Hole States", "Authors": "Jeroen Homan, Rudy Wijnands, Michiel van der Klis, Tomaso Belloni, Jan\n van Paradijs, Marc Klein-Wolt, Rob Fender, and Mariano Mendez", "Abstract": " We present an analysis of RXTE data of the X-ray transient XTE J1550-564. The\nsource went through several states, which were divided into spectrally soft and\nhard states. These states showed up as distinct branches in the color-color\ndiagram, forming a structure with a comb-like topology; the soft state branch\nforming the spine and the hard state branches forming the teeth. Variability\nwas strongly correlated with the position on the branches. The broad band noise\nbecame stronger, and changed from power law like to band limited, as the\nspectrum became harder. Three types of QPOs were found: 1-18 Hz and 102-284 Hz\nQPOs on the hard branches, and 16-18 Hz QPOs on and near the soft branch. The\nfrequencies of the high and low frequency QPOs on the hard branches were\ncorrelated with each other, and anti-correlated with spectral hardness. The\nchanges in QPO frequency suggest that the inner disc radius only increases by a\nfactor of 3-4 as the source changes from a soft to a hard state. Our results on\nXTE J1550-564 strongly favor a 2-dimensional description of black hole\nbehavior, where the regions near the spine of the comb in the color-color\ndiagram can be identified with the high state, and the teeth with transitions\nfrom the high state, via the intermediate state (which includes the very high\nstate) to the low state, and back. The two physical parameters underlying this\nbehavior vary to a large extent independently and could for example be the mass\naccretion rate through the disk and the size of a Comptonizing region.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001163"}
astro-ph/0001164
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{"Title": "The Effect of Resistivity on the Nonlinear Stage of the\n Magnetorotational Instability in Accretion Disks", "Authors": "Timothy P. Fleming, James M. Stone, and John F. Hawley", "Abstract": " We present three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the nonlinear\nevolution of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) with a non-zero Ohmic\nresistivity. The properties of the saturated state depend on the initial\nmagnetic field configuration. In simulations with an initial uniform vertical\nfield, the MRI is able to support angular momentum transport even for large\nresistivities through the quasi-periodic generation of axisymmetric radial\nchannel solutions rather than through the maintenance of anisotropic\nturbulence. Simulations with zero net flux show that the angular momentum\ntransport and the amplitude of magnetic energy after saturation are\nsignificantly reduced by finite resistivity, even at levels where the linear\nmodes are only slightly affected. This occurs at magnetic Reynolds numbers\nexpected in low, cool states of dwarf novae, these results suggest that finite\nresistivity may account for the low and high angular momentum transport rates\ninferred for these systems.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001164"}
astro-ph/0001165
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{"Title": "Three-Layered Atmospheric Structure in Accretion Disks Around\n Stellar-Mass Black Holes", "Authors": "S.N. Zhang (UAH and NASA/MSFC), Wei Cui (MIT), Wan Chen (UMd and\n NASA/GSFC), Yangsen Yao (UAH), Xiaoling Zhang (UAH), Xuejun Sun (UAH),\n Xue-Bing Wu (BAO), Haiguang Xu (SJTU)", "Abstract": " Modeling of the x-ray spectra of the Galactic superluminal jet sources GRS\n1915+105 and GRO J1655-40 reveal a three-layered atmospheric structure in the\ninner region of their accretion disks. Above the cold and optically thick disk\nof a temperature 0.2-0.5 keV, there is a warm layer with a temperature of\n1.0-1.5 keV and an optical depth around 10. Sometimes there is also a much\nhotter, optically thin corona above the warm layer, with a temperature of 100\nkeV or higher and an optical depth around unity. The structural similarity\nbetween the accretion disks and the solar atmosphere suggest that similar\nphysical processes may be operating in these different systems.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001165"}
astro-ph/0001166
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{"Title": "A Definitive Optical Detection of a Supercluster at z = 0.91", "Authors": "L.M. Lubin, R. Brunner, M.R. Metzger (Caltech), M. Postman (STScI),\n J.B. Oke (DAO)", "Abstract": " We present the results from a multi-band optical imaging program which has\ndefinitively confirmed the existence of a supercluster at z = 0.91. Two massive\nclusters of galaxies, CL1604+4304 at z = 0.897 and CL1604+4321 at z = 0.924,\nwere originally observed in the high-redshift cluster survey of Oke, Postman &\nLubin (1998). They are separated by 4300 km/s in radial velocity and 17\narcminutes on the plane of the sky. Their physical and redshift proximity\nsuggested a promising supercluster candidate. Deep BRi imaging of the region\nbetween the two clusters indicates a large population of red galaxies. This\npopulation forms a tight, red sequence in the color--magnitude diagram at (R-i)\n= 1.4. The characteristic color is identical to that of the\nspectroscopically-confirmed early-type galaxies in the two member clusters. The\nred galaxies are spread throughout the 5 Mpc region between CL1604+4304 and\nCL1604+4321. Their spatial distribution delineates the entire large scale\nstructure with high concentrations at the cluster centers. In addition, we\ndetect a significant overdensity of red galaxies directly between CL1604+4304\nand CL1604+4321 which is the signature of a third, rich cluster associated with\nthis system. The strong sequence of red galaxies and their spatial distribution\nclearly indicate that we have discovered a supercluster at z = 0.91.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001166"}
astro-ph/0001167
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{"Title": "Millisecond Oscillations in X-Ray Binaries", "Authors": "M. van der Klis", "Abstract": " The first millisecond X-ray variability phenomena from accreting compact\nobjects have recently been discovered with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer.\nThree new phenomena are observed from low-mass X-ray binaries containing\nlow-magnetic-field neutron stars: millisecond pulsations, burst oscillations\nand kiloHertz quasi-periodic oscillations. Models for these new phenomena\ninvolve the neutron star spin, and orbital motion closely around the neutron\nstar and rely explicitly on our understanding of strong gravity and dense\nmatter. I review the observations of these new neutron-star phenomena and\npossibly related ones in black-hole candidates, and describe the attempts to\nuse them to perform measurements of fundamental physical interest in these\nsystems.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001167"}
astro-ph/0001168
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{"Title": "Clues to the origin of parsec to kilo-parsec jet misalignments in EGRET\n sources", "Authors": "Xinwu Cao (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory)", "Abstract": " The apparent position angle difference $\\Delta$PA between parsec and\nkilo-parsec jets in blazars can be related to the bending properties of the\njets. We present correlations between the misalignment $\\Delta$PA and the ratio\nof radio to broad-line emission for a sample of $\\gamma$-ray blazars. The\npresent study is limited to EGRET sources due to uniform data for the radio and\noptical properties of these sources being easily available. The broad-line\nemission is known to be a good indicator of the accretion power for both steep\nand flat-spectrum quasars. We find significant correlations between $\\Delta$PA\nand the ratio of radio flux (total and radio core flux respectively) to\nbroad-line flux, which is consistent with the beaming scenario. A weak\ncorrelation between $\\Delta$PA and the ratio of extended radio to broad-line\nflux might imply that the intrinsic bend of the jet is related with the ratio\nof jet mechanical power to accretion power.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001168"}
astro-ph/0001169
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{"Title": "Formation of Primordial Galaxies under UV background Radiation", "Authors": "Hajime Susa and Masayuki Umemura", "Abstract": " The pancake collapse of pregalactic clouds under UV background radiation is\nexplored with a one-dimensional sheet model. Here, attention is concentrated on\nelucidating the basic physics on the thermal evolution of pregalactic clouds\nexposed to diffuse UV radiation. So, we treat accurately the radiation transfer\nfor the ionizing photons, with solving chemical reactions regarding hydrogen\nmolecules as well as atoms. The self-shielding against UV radiation by H$_2$\nLyman-Werner bands, which regulates the photo-dissociation of hydrogen\nmolecules, is also taken into account. As a result, it is found that when the\nUV background radiation is at a level of $10^{-22} (\\nu/\\nu_L)^{-1} {\\rm erg~\ns^{-1} cm^{-2} Hz^{-1} str^{-1}}$, the cloud evolution bifurcates with a\ncritical mass as $M_{\\rm SB} = 2.2\\times 10^{11} M_\\odot [(1+z_c)/5]^{-4.2}$,\nwhere $z_c$ is the final collapse epoch. A cloud more massive than $M_{\\rm SB}$\ncools below $5\\times 10^3$K due to H$_2$ line emission at the pancake collapse\nand would undergo the initial starburst. The pancake possibly evolves into a\nvirialized system in a dissipationless fashion. Consequently, this leads to the\ndissipationless galaxy formation at $3\\lsim z_c \\lsim 10$. A cloud less massive\nthan $M_{\\rm SB}$ cannot cool by H$_2$ emission shortly after the pancake\ncollapse, but could cool in the course of shrinking to the rotation barrier.\nThis is likely to lead to the dissipational galaxy formation at relatively low\nredshifts as $0\\lsim z_c \\lsim 4$. The present results provide a solid physical\nmechanism which controls the star formation efficiency in the pregalactic\nclouds. In the context of a standard CDM cosmology, $M_{\\rm SB}$ lies between\n1$\\sigma$ and 2$\\sigma$ density fluctuations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001169"}
astro-ph/0001170
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{"Title": "Synthesis of 19F in Wolf-Rayet stars", "Authors": "G. Meynet (1) and M. Arnould (2) ((1) Observatoire de Geneve, (2)\n Universite Libre de Bruxelles)", "Abstract": " Meynet and Arnould (1993) have suggested that Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars could\nsignificantly contaminate the Galaxy with 19F. In their scenario, 19F is\nsynthesized at the beginning of the He-burning phase from the 14N left over by\nthe previous CNO-burning core, and is ejected in the interstellar medium when\nthe star enters its WC phase. Recourse to CNO seeds makes the 19F yields\nmetallicity-dependent. These yields are calculated on grounds of detailed\nstellar evolutionary sequences for an extended range of initial masses (from 25\nto 120 Msol) and metallicities (Z = 0.008, 0.02 and 0.04). The adopted mass\nloss rate prescription enables to account for the observed variations of WR\npopulations in different environments. The 19F abundance in the WR winds of 60\nMsol model stars is found to be about 10 to 70 times higher than its initial\nvalue, depending on the metallicity. This prediction is used in conjunction\nwith a very simple model for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy to predict\nthat WR stars could be significant (dominant?) contributors to the solar system\nfluorine content. We also briefly discuss the implications of our model on the\npossible detection of fluorine at high redshift.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001170"}
astro-ph/0001171
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{"Title": "2 micron Spectroscopy within 0.3 arcseconds of SgrA*", "Authors": "Donald F. Figer, E. E. Becklin, Ian S. McLean, Andrea M. Gilbert,\n James R. Graham, James E. Larkin, N. A. Levenson, Harry I. Teplitz,\n Mavourneen K. Wilcox, Mark Morris", "Abstract": " We present moderate (R~$\\approx$~2,700) and high resolution\n(R~$\\approx$~22,000) 2.0$-$2.4 \\micron\\ spectroscopy of the central 0.1 square\narcseconds of the Galaxy obtained with NIRSPEC, the facility near-infrared\nspectrometer for the Keck II telescope. The composite spectra do not have any\nfeatures attributable to the brightest stars in the central cluster, i.e.\\\nafter background subtraction, W$_{\\rm ^{12}CO(2-0)}$~$<$~2~\\AA. This stringent\nlimit leads us to conclude that the majority, if not all, of the stars are\nhotter than typical red giants. Coupled with previously reported photometry, we\nconclude that the sources are likely OB main sequence stars. In addition, the\ncontinuum slope in the composite spectrum is bluer than that of a red giant and\nis similar to that of the nearby hot star, IRS16NW. It is unlikely that they\nare late-type giants stripped of their outer envelopes because such sources\nwould be much fainter than those observed. Given their inferred youth\n($\\tau_{\\rm age}$~$<$~20~\\Myr), we suggest the possibility that the stars have\nformed within 0.1 pc of the supermassive black hole. We find a newly-identified\nbroad-line component (V$_{\\rm FWHM}$ $\\approx$ 1,000 \\kms) to the 2.2178\n\\micron\\ [\\ion{Fe}{3}] line located within a few arcseconds of Sgr~A$^*$. A\nsimilar component is not seen in the Br-$\\gamma$ emission.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001171"}
astro-ph/0001172
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{"Title": "The discovery of photospheric nickel in the hot DO white dwarf\n REJ0503-289", "Authors": "M.A. Barstow, S. Dreizler, J.B. Holberg, D.S.Finley, K. Werner, I.\n Hubeny", "Abstract": " We present the first evidence for the direct detection of nickel in the\nphotosphere of the hot DO white dwarf REJ0503$-$289. While this element has\nbeen seen previously in the atmospheres of hot H-rich white dwarfs, this is one\nof the first similar discoveries in a He-rich object. Intriguingly, iron, which\nis observed to be more abundant than Ni in the hot DA stars, is not detected,\nthe upper limit to its abundance (Fe/He$=10^{-6}$) implying a Fe/Ni ratio a\nfactor 10 lower than seen in the H-rich objects (Ni/He$=10^{-5}$ for\nREJ0503$-$289). The abundance of nickel and various other elements heavier than\nHe were determined from GHRS spectra. We used two completely independent sets\nof NLTE model atmospheres which both provide the same results. This not only\nreduces the possibility of systematic errors in our analysis but is also an\nimportant consistency check for both model atmosphere codes.\n We have also developed a more objective method of determining $T_{\\rm eff}$\nand log g, from the He lines in the optical spectrum, in the form of a formal\nfitting of the line profiles to a grid of model spectra, an analogue of the\nstandard procedure utilising the Balmer lines in DA white dwarfs. This gives\nthe assigned uncertainties in $T_{\\rm eff}$ and log g a firm statistical basis\nand allows us to demonstrate that inclusion of elements heavier than H, He and\nC in the spectral calculations, exclusively considered in most published\noptical analyses, yields a systematic downward shift in the measured value of\n$T_{\\rm eff}$.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001172"}
astro-ph/0001173
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{"Title": "Large-scale shocks in the starburst galaxy NGC253. Interferometer\n mapping of a 600 pc SiO/H13CO+ circumnuclear disk", "Authors": "S.Garcia-Burillo (OAN), J.Martin-Pintado (OAN), A.Fuente (OAN),\n R.Neri(IRAM)", "Abstract": " This paper presents the first high-resolution SiO map made in an external\ngalaxy. The nucleus of the nearby barred spiral NGC253 has been observed\nsimultaneously in the v=0, J=2-1 line of SiO and in the J=1-0 line of H13CO+\nwith the IRAM interferometer, with a resolution of 7.5\"x2.6\". Emission from SiO\nand H13CO+ is extended in the nucleus of NGC253. The bulk of the SiO/H13CO+\nemission arises from a 600pcx250pc circumnuclear disk (CND) with a double\nringed structure. The inner ring, of radius r=60pc, viewed edge-on along\nPA=51deg, hosts the nuclear starburst; the outer pseudo-ring opens out as a\nspiral-like arc up to r=300pc. The kinematics of the gaseous disk,\ncharacterized by strong non-circular motions, is interpreted in terms of the\nresonant response of the gas to the barred potential. The inner ring would\ncorrespond to the inner Inner Lindblad Resonance(iILR), whereas the outer\nregion is linked to the onset of a trailing spiral wave across the outer ILR\n(oILR). Most notably, we report the detection of a molecular gas counterpart of\nthe giant outflow of hot gas, previously seen in X-ray and optical lines, and\ntentatively identified as a dust chimney in the the 450mu continuum band.The\nSiO shows a high average fractional abundance in the CND of X(SiO)=1.5x10E-10.\nThis is more than an order of magnitude above the predicted value of a PDR.\nMoreover, X(SiO) varies at least by an order of magnitude between the inner\nstarburst region, which dominates the global emission, where we derive\nX(SiO)=1--2x10E-10, and the outer region, where X(SiO) reaches a few 10E-9. SiO\nabundance is also significantly enhanced in the outflow (X(SiO)=3--5x10E-10).\nDifferent mechanisms are explored to explain the unlike chemical processing of\nmolecular gas within the nucleus.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001173"}
astro-ph/0001174
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{"Title": "Origin of Color Gradients in Elliptical Galaxies", "Authors": "Naoyuki Tamura (1), Chiaki Kobayashi (2), Nobuo Arimoto (2), Tadayuki\n Kodama(3), and Kouji Ohta(1) ((1)Kyoto University, (2)University of Tokyo,\n (3)University of Durham)", "Abstract": " The origin of color gradients in elliptical galaxies is examined by comparing\nmodel gradients with those observed in the Hubble Deep Field. The models are\nconstructed so as to reproduce color gradients in local elliptical galaxies\neither by a metallicity gradient or by an age gradient. By looking back a\nsequence of color gradient as a function of redshift, the age - metallicity\ndegeneracy is solved. The observed color gradients in elliptical galaxies at\n$z=0.1-1.0$ agree excellently with those predicted by the metallicity gradient,\nwhile they deviates significantly from those predicted by the age gradient even\nat $z \\sim 0.3$ and the deviation is getting larger with increasing redshift.\nThis result does not depend on cosmological parameters and parameters for an\nevolutionary model of galaxy within a reasonable range. Thus our results\nclearly indicate that the origin of color gradients is not the age but the\nstellar metallicity.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001174"}
astro-ph/0001175
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{"Title": "Ammonia observations of the nearby molecular cloud MBM 12", "Authors": "Jose F. Gomez (1), Joaquin Trapero (1), Sergio Pascual (2), Nimesh\n Patel (3), Carmen Morales (1), Jose M. Torrelles (4) ((1) LAEFF-INTA, Madrid,\n Spain, (2) Univ. Complutense, Madrid, Spain, (3) CfA, USA, (4) IEEC-CSIC,\n Barcelona, Spain, and IAA-CSIC, Granada, Spain)", "Abstract": " We present NH3(1,1) and NH3(2,2) observations of MBM 12, the closest known\nmolecular cloud (65 pc distance), aimed to find evidence for on-going star\nformation processes. No local temperature (with a T_rot upper limit of 12 K)\nnor linewidth enhancement is found, which suggests that the area of the cloud\nwe mapped (~ 15' size) is not currently forming stars. Therefore, this close\n``starless'' molecular gas region is an ideal laboratory to study the physical\nconditions preceding new star formation.\n A radio continuum source was found in Very Large Array archive data, close\nbut outside the NH3 emission. This source is likely to be a background object.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001175"}
astro-ph/0001176
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{"Title": "X-rays and Cosmology", "Authors": "A. C. Fabian (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge)", "Abstract": " The role of X-ray observations for cosmological studies and conclusions is\nbriefly explored. X-rays currently yield cosmologically interesting results on\nthe abundances, evolution and gas content of clusters of galaxies, on the\nclustering and evolution of active galaxies and on the X-ray Background. They\nare unlikely in the long term future to give the most precise values of the\ncosmological parameters, although in the short term the baryon fraction of\nclusters and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect will remain important determinants\nand checks for some parameters. X-rays will however continue to play an\nimportant role in studying the astrophysics of the formation and growth of\nblack holes, galaxies, groups and clusters. It is possible that this role will\nbe crucial, if winds from active galaxies are responsible for breaking the\nsimple gravitational scaling laws for clusters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001176"}
astro-ph/0001177
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{"Title": "Observational Limits on Terrestrial-Sized Inner Planets Around the CM\n Draconis System Using the Photometric Transit Method with a Matched-Filter\n Algorithm", "Authors": "Laurance R. Doyle, Hans J. Deeg, Valerij P. Kozhevnikov, Brian\n Oetiker, Eduardo L. Martin, J. Ellen Blue, Lee Rottler, Remington P.S. Stone,\n Zoran Ninkov, Jon M. Jenkins, Jean Schneider, Edward W. Dunham, Moira F.\n Doyle, Efthimious Paleologou", "Abstract": " A lightcurve of the eclipsing binary CM Draconis has been analyzed for the\npresence of transits of planets of size >= 2.5 Earth-radii (Re), with periods\nof 60 days or less, and in co-planar orbits around the binary system. About 400\nmillion model lightcurves, representing transits from planets with periods\nranging from 7 to 60 days, have been matched/correlated against these data.\nThis process we call the \"transit detection algorithm\" or TDA. The resulting\n`transit-statistics' for each planet candidate allow the quantification of\ndetection probabilities, and of false alarm rates.\n Our current lightcurve of CM Dra has a coverage of 1014 hours with 26,043\nindividual points, at a photometric precision between 0.2% and 0.7%. Planets\nsignificantly larger then 3Re would constitute a `supra-noise' detection, and\nfor periods of 60 days or less, they would have been detected with a\nprobability of 90%. `Subnoise' detections of smaller planets are more\nconstrained. For example, 2.5 Re planets with 10-day periods or less would have\nbeen detected with an 80% probability. The necessity for predicted observations\nis illustrated with the nine top planet candidates that emerged from our TDA\nanalysis. They are the planet candidates with the highest transit-statistics\nfrom the 1994-1998 observing seasons and, for them, transits for the 1999\nobserving season were predicted. Of the seven candidates that were then\nobservationally tested in 1999, all were ruled out except one, which needs\nfurther observational confirmation. We conclude that the photometric transit\nmethod is a viable way to search for relatively small, inner extrasolar planets\nwith moderate-sized telescopes using CCD photometry with a matching-filter\nanalysis.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001177"}
astro-ph/0001178
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{"Title": "The Energy Output of the Universe", "Authors": "A. C. Fabian (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge)", "Abstract": " The total energy emitted by the growth of massive black holes is large and\ncan be 10-50 per cent of that emitted by stars in the universe. I show how the\nX-ray Background provides a good measure of this energy and also why most\naccretion power is absorbed and re-emitted in the far infrared band. A model\nfor the obscured growth of massive black holes is presented which accounts for\nboth the high absorption and the observed black hole to galaxy spheroid mass\ncorrelation. Future missions should detect the obscured X-ray sources\nassociated with the growth of massive black holes.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001178"}
astro-ph/0001179
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{"Title": "A deep ROSAT survey XV. the average QSO spectrum and its evolution", "Authors": "A.J. Blair, G.C. Stewart, I. Georgantopoulos, B.J. Boyle, R.E.\n Griffiths, T. Shanks, O. Almaini", "Abstract": " Using a sample of 165 X-ray selected QSOs from seven deep ROSAT fields we\ninvestigate the X-ray spectral properties of an ``average''radio-quiet broad\nline QSO as a function of redshift. The QSO stacked spectra, in the observers\n0.1-2 keV band, in five redshift bins over the range 0.1<z<3.2 apparently\nharden from an equivalent photon index of 2.6 at z=0.4 to ~2.1 at z=2.4 as seen\nin other QSO samples. In contrast, the spectra in the 0.5-2 keV band show no\nsignificant variation in spectral index with redshift. This suggests the\npresence of a spectral upturn at low energies (<0.5 keV). Indeed, while at high\nredshifts (z>1.0) the single power-law model gives an acceptable fit to the\ndata over the full energy band, at lower redshifts the spectra need a second\ncomponent at low energies, a `soft excess'. Inclusion of a simple model for the\nsoft excess, i.e. a black-body component (kT~100 eV), results in a significant\nimprovement to the model fit, and yields power-law slopes of 1.8-1.9, for all\nredshift bins. This power-law is not inconsistent, within the error bars, with\nthose of nearby AGN in the 2-10 keV band, suggesting that the same intrinsic\npower-law slope may continue from 10 keV down to below 0.5 keV. We caution that\nthere is a possibility that the spectral upturn observed may not represent a\nreal physical component but could be due to co-adding spectra with a large\ndispersion in spectral indices. Regardless of the origin of the soft excess,\nthe average QSO spectrum has important consequences for the origin of the X-ray\nbackground: the average spectra of the typical, faint, high redshift QSO are\nsignificantly steeper than the spectrum of the X-ray background extending the\nspectral paradox into the soft 0.1-2 keV X-ray band.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001179"}
astro-ph/0001180
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{"Title": "Simulating Supernovae Remnants in Gas Clouds", "Authors": "Simon Goodwin (Sussex), Frazer Pearce (Durham) & Peter Thomas (Sussex)", "Abstract": " The Hydra $N$-body hydrodynamics code has been modified to model, from the\nend of the Sedov phase, the effects of supernovae on the surrounding medium.\nThe motivation is to investigate the feedback of energy into the\ninterstellar/intergalactic medium. We compare our results for supernova\nremnants (SNRs) in a uniform medium to previous detailed work on the late\nevolution of SNRs. The code is found to reproduce the bulk characteristics of\nSNRs well. Results on the effects of a single central SNR on Plummer clouds are\npresented. The feedback of kinetic energy and the percentage mass loss can be\nparameterised in terms of the cloud mass and characteristic radius in a simple\nway. The kinetic energy fraction returned to the ISM from a SNR is $<3$ per\ncent. The removal of gas from the cold, dense phase and the addition of energy\ndue to the lowering of the potential energy of a cloud is at least as\nsignificant, if not much more so, than the kinetic energy leaving a cloud.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001180"}
astro-ph/0001181
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{"Title": "On the optical pulsations from the Geminga pulsar", "Authors": "Janusz Gil, David Khechinashvili, and George Melikidze", "Abstract": " We present a model for generation mechanisms of the optical pulsations\nrecently detected from the Geminga pulsar. We argue that this is just a\nsynchrotron radiation emitted along open magnetic field lines at altitudes of a\nfew light cylinder radii (which requires that Geminga is an almost aligned\nrotator), where charged particles acquire non-zero pitch-angles as a result of\nthe cyclotron absorption of radio waves in the magnetized pair plasma. This\nexplains self-consistently both the lack of apparent radio emission, at least\nat frequencies higher than about 100 MHz, and the optical pulsations from the\nGeminga pulsar. From our model it follows that the synchrotron radiation is a\nmaximum in the infrared band, which suggests that Geminga should also be a\nsource of a pulsed infrared emission.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001181"}
astro-ph/0001182
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{"Title": "X-ray sources as tracers of the large-scale structure in the Universe", "Authors": "X. Barcons (1), F.J. Carrera (2 and 1), M.T. Ceballos (1), S.\n Mateos(1) ((1) Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria CSIC-UC, (2) Mullard Space\n Science Laboratory UCL)", "Abstract": " We review the current status of studies of large-scale structure in the X-ray\nUniverse. After motivating the use X-rays for cosmological purposes, we discuss\nthe various approaches used on different angular scales including X-ray\nbackground multipoles, cross-correlations of the X-ray background with galaxy\ncatalogues, clustering of X-ray selected sources and small-scale fluctuations\nand anisotropies in the X-ray background. We discuss the implications of the\nabove studies for the bias parameter of X-ray sources, which is likely to be\nmoderate for X-ray selected AGN and the X-ray background (~1-2). We finally\noutline how all-sky X-ray maps at hard X-rays and medium surveys with large sky\ncoverage could provide important tests for the cosmological models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001182"}
astro-ph/0001183
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{"Title": "Evidence for a substellar secondary in the magnetic cataclysmic binary\n EF Eridani", "Authors": "K. Beuermann, P. Wheatley, G. Ramsay, F. Euchner, B.T. Gaensicke", "Abstract": " Low-state spectrophotometry of the short-period polar EF Eridani (Porb=81\nmin) found the system at V=18.0 with no trace of the companion (Wheatley and\nRamsay 1998). We show that the lack of such spectral features implies that the\ncompanion to the white dwarf in EF Eri has a spectral type later than M9 and is\neither a transition object at the brink of hydrogen burning or a brown dwarf.\nThe optical low state spectrum indicates a temperature of the white dwarf of\nTeff=9500+-500K. This is one of the coldest white dwarfs in cataclysmic\nvariables, implying a cooling age t_cool>=10e9 yrs or accretional heating at a\nrate as given by gravitational radiation. The large age of the system excludes\na warm brown dwarf as companion. EF Eri has either just passed through the\nperiod minimum of cataclysmic variable stars or has started mass transfer from\nan old brown dwarf secondary.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001183"}
astro-ph/0001184
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{"Title": "Testing for substructure in optical and X-ray clusters", "Authors": "Vaggelis Kolokotronis, Spyros Basilakos, Manolis Plionis, Ioannis\n Georgantopoulos", "Abstract": " We present a detailed study of the morphological features of 22 rich galaxy\nclusters. We systematically compare cluster images and morphological parameters\nin an attempt to reliably identify possible substructure in both optical and\nX-ray images. To this end, we compute moments of the surface-brightness\ndistribution to estimate ellipticities, center-of-mass shifts and orientations.\nWe find important correlations between the optical and X-ray morphological\nshape parameters. Most of our clusters (17) have a good 1-to-1 correspondence\nbetween the optical and the X-ray images and at least 9 appear to have strong\nindications of substructure. This corresponds to a percentage of about 40% in\ngood accordance with other similar analyses. Finally, 4 out of 22 systems seem\nto have distinct subclumps in the optical which are not verified in the X-ray\nimages, and thus are suspect of being due to optical projection effects. We\nassess the significance of results using Monte Carlo simulations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001184"}
astro-ph/0001185
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{"Title": "The Galactic Center: An Interacting System of Unusual Sources", "Authors": "F. Yusef-Zade, F. Melia and M. Wardle", "Abstract": " The region bounded by the inner tens of light years at the center of the\nMilky Way contains five principal components that coexist within the central\ndeep gravitational potential well. These constituents are a black hole\ncandidate (Sgr~A*) with a mass equivalent to $2.6\\pm0.2\\times 10^6$ suns, a\nsurrounding cluster of evolved stars, a complex of young stars, molecular and\nionized gas clouds, and a powerful supernova-like remnant. The interaction of\nthese components is responsible for many of the phenomena occurring in this\ncomplex and unique portion of the Galaxy. Developing a consistent picture of\nthe primary interactions between the components at the Galactic Center will\nimprove our understanding of the nature of galactic nuclei in general, and will\nprovide with a better defined set of characteristics of black holes. For\nexample, the accretion of stellar winds by Sgr A* appears to produce far less\nradiation than indicated by estimates based on models of galactic nuclei.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001185"}
astro-ph/0001186
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{"Title": "On the gamma-ray fluxes expected from Cassiopeia A", "Authors": "A.M. Atoyan, F.A. Aharonian, R.J. Tuffs, H.J. Voelk", "Abstract": " Based on the results of our previous study of the broad band synchrotron\nemission of Cas A in the framework of a spatial inhomogeneous model, we\ncalculate the fluxes of gamma-radiation that can be expected from this\nsupernova remnant in different energy bands. We show that at energies below 10\nGeV gamma-ray fluxes detectable by forthcoming space-borne detectors should be\nproduced due to bremsstrahlung of radio emitting electrons. We predict that the\npower-law index of the photon flux in the GeV region should be hard, close to\nthe index ~2.2 expected for the acceleration spectrum of the electrons. Photon\nfluxes accessible to future ground-based gamma-ray detectors could also be\nexpected at very high energies. The fluxes to be expected due to bremsstrahlung\nand inverse Compton radiation of relativistic electrons at TeV energies should\nbe very steep, and strongly dependent on the characteristic magnetic fields in\nCas A. We could expect also significant fluxes of pi^0 -decay gamma-rays\nproduced by relativistic protons. These fluxes may extend with a hard spectrum\nbeyond TeV energies as far as the protons would be accelerated to energies\nbeyond 100 TeV. The hardness of the gamma-ray spectrum at TeV energies could in\nprinciple allow one to distinguish between electronic and hadronic origins of\nthose gamma-rays. We discuss also other implications, such as relativistic\nparticle content, or physical parameters in the source, that could be derived\nfrom future gamma-ray flux measurements in different energy bands.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001186"}
astro-ph/0001187
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{"Title": "On energy-dependent propagation effects and acceleration sites of\n relativistic electrons in Cassiopeia A", "Authors": "A.M. Atoyan, R.J. Tuffs, F.A. Aharonian, H.J. Voelk", "Abstract": " We consider the effect of energy dependent propagation of relativistic\nelectrons in a spatially inhomogeneous medium in order to interpret the\nbroad-band nonthermal radiation of the young supernova remnant (SNR) Cassiopeia\nA. A two-zone model is proposed that distinguishes between compact, bright\nsteep-spectrum radio knots and the bright fragmented radio ring on the one\nhand, and the remainder of the shell - the diffuse `plateau' - on the other\nhand. In the framework of this model it is possible to explain the basic\nfeatures of the spectral and temporal evolution of the synchrotron radiation of\nCas A if one assumes that these compact structures correspond to sites of\nefficient electron acceleration producing hard spectra of accelerated particles\nwith power-law indices ~2.2. The resulting energy distribution of radio\nelectrons in these compact structures becomes significantly steeper than the\nelectron production spectrum on timescales of the energy dependent escape of\nthese electrons into the surrounding diffuse plateau region. We argue that the\nsteepness, rather than the hardness, of the radio spectra of compact bright\nstructures in clumpy sources can in general be considered as a typical\nsignature of sites where strong electron acceleration has built up high\ngradients in the spatial distribution of radio electrons. Subsequent diffusive\nescape then modifies their energy distribution, leading to spatial variations\nof spectral indices within the radio source. Qualitative and quantitative\ninterpretations of a number of observational data of Cas A are given.\nPredictions following from the model are discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001187"}
astro-ph/0001188
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{"Title": "N-body simulations of interactions and mergings in small galaxy groups", "Authors": "E. Athanassoula", "Abstract": " In this paper I focus on three topics related to the dynamical evolution of\nsmall galaxy groups, for which the input of N-body simulations has been\ndecisive. These are the merging rates in compact groups, the properties of\nremnants of multiple mergers, and the evolution of disc galaxies surrounded by\none or more satellites. The short dynamical times of compact groups make it\ndifficult to understand why such groups are observed at all. N-body simulations\nhave pointed out two possible classes of solutions to this problem. The first\none proposes that there is on-going formation of compact groups, or that the\nlongevity of the group is due to secondary infall. For the second class of\nsolutions the longevity of compact groups is due either to their specific\ninitial conditions, or to a massive common halo, encompassing the whole group.\nI discuss here these alternatives, together with their respective advantages\nand disadvantages. I then turn to the structure of remnants of multiple mergers\nand compare the results of N-body simulations with the properties of observed\nelliptical galaxies. Finally I discuss the dynamical evolution of a disc galaxy\nsurrounded by one or more spherical satellites.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001188"}
astro-ph/0001189
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{"Title": "Thermonuclear Runaways on Accreting White Dwarfs: Models of Classical\n Novae Explosions", "Authors": "Margarita Hernanz (IEEC/CSIC) and Jordi Jose (IEEC/UPC)", "Abstract": " The mechanism of classical novae explosions is explained, together with some\nof their observational properties. The scarce but not null impact of novae in\nthe chemical evolution of the Milky Way is analyzed, as well as their relevance\nfor the radioactivity in the Galaxy. A special emphasis is given to the\npredicted gamma-ray emission from novae and its relationship with the\nthermonuclear model itself and its related nucleosynthesis.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001189"}
astro-ph/0001190
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{"Title": "The modulation effect for supersymmetric dark matter detection with\n asymmetric velocity dispersion", "Authors": "J. D. Vergados (Theoretical Physics Division, University of Ioannina,\n Ioannina, Greece.)", "Abstract": " The detection of the theoretically expected dark matter is central to\nparticle physics cosmology. Current fashionable supersymmetric models provide a\nnatural dark matter candidate which is the lightest supersymmetric particle\n(LSP). Such models combined with fairly well understood physics like the quark\nsubstructure of the nucleon and the nuclear form factor and the spin response\nfunction of the nucleus, permit the evaluation of the event rate for\nLSP-nucleus elastic scattering. The thus obtained event rates are, however,\nvery low or even undetectable. So it is imperative to exploit the modulation\neffect, i.e. the dependence of the event rate on the earth's annual motion. In\nthis review we study such a modulation effect in directional and undirectional\nexperiments. We calculate both the differential and the total rates using\nsymmetric as well as asymmetric velocity distributions. We find that in the\nsymmetric case the modulation amplitude is small, less than 0.07. There exist,\nhowever, regions of the phase space and experimental conditions such that the\neffect can become larger. The inclusion of asymmetry, with a realistic enhanced\nvelocity dispersion in the galactocentric direction, yields the bonus of an\nenhanced modulation effect, with an amplitude which for certain parameters can\nbecome as large as 0.46.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001190"}
astro-ph/0001191
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{"Title": "Clustering in the X-ray Universe", "Authors": "X. Barcons (1), F.J. Carrera (2 and 1), M.T. Ceballos (1), S. Mateos\n (1) ((1) Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria CSIC-UC, (2) Mullard Space Science\n Laboratory UCL)", "Abstract": " In this paper we discuss various possibilities of using X-ray observations to\ngain information about the large-scale structure of the Universe. After\nreviewing briefly the current status of these investigations we explore\ndifferent ways of making progress in this field, using deep surveys, large area\nsurveys and X-ray background observations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001191"}
astro-ph/0001192
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{"Title": "An Instability-driven Dynamo for Gamma Ray Bursts", "Authors": "Rafael Angel Araya-Gochez", "Abstract": " We show that an MHD-instability driven dynamo (IDD) operating in a hot\naccretion disk is capable of generating energetically adequate magnetic flux\ndeposition rates above and below a mildly advective accretion disk structure.\n The dynamo is driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) of a toroidal\nfield in a shear flow and is limited by the buoyancy of `horizontal' flux and\nby reconnection in the turbulent medium. The efficiency of magnetic energy\ndeposition is estimated to be comparable to the neutrino losses although an MHD\ncollimation mechanism may deem this process a more viable alternative to\nneutrino-burst-driven models of gamma ray bursts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001192"}
astro-ph/0001193
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{"Title": "Astrometric Resolution of Severely Degenerate Binary Microlensing Events", "Authors": "Andrew Gould (Ohio State University) and Cheongho Han (Chungbuk\n National University)", "Abstract": " We investigate whether the \"close/wide\" class of degeneracies in\ncaustic-crossing binary microlensing events can be broken astrometrically.\nDominik showed that these degeneracies are particularly severe because they\narise from a degeneracy in the lens equation itself rather than a mere\n\"accidental\" mimicking of one light curve by another. A massive observing\ncampaign of five microlensing collaborations was unable to break this\ndegeneracy photometrically in the case of the binary lensing event MACHO\n98-SMC-1. We show that this degeneracy indeed causes the image centroids of the\nwide and close solutions to follow an extremely similar pattern of motion\nduring the time when the source is in or near the caustic. Nevertheless, the\ntwo image centroids are displaced from one another and this displacement is\ndetectable by observing the event at late times. Photometric degeneracies\ntherefore can be resolved astrometrically, even for these most severe cases.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001193"}
astro-ph/0001194
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{"Title": "Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf\n Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B", "Authors": "A.J.Burgasser, J.D. Kirkpatrick, R.M. Cutri, H. McCallon, G. Kopan,\n J.E. Gizis, J. Liebert, I.N. Reid, M.E. Brown, D.G. Monet, C.C. Dahn, C.A.\n Beichman, M.F. Skrutskie", "Abstract": " We report the discovery of a widely separated (258$\\farcs3\\pm0\\farcs$4) T\ndwarf companion to the Gl 570ABC system. This new component, Gl 570D, was\ninitially identified from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Its\nnear-infrared spectrum shows the 1.6 and 2.2 $\\micron$ CH$_4$ absorption bands\ncharacteristic of T dwarfs, while its common proper motion with the Gl 570ABC\nsystem confirms companionship. Gl 570D (M$_J$ = 16.47$\\pm$0.07) is nearly a\nfull magnitude dimmer than the only other known T dwarf companion, Gl 229B, and\nestimates of L = (2.8$\\pm$0.3)x10$^{-6}$ L$_{\\sun}$ and T$_{eff}$ = 750$\\pm$50\nK make it significantly cooler and less luminous than any other known brown\ndwarf companion. Using evolutionary models by Burrows et al. and an adopted age\nof 2-10 Gyr, we derive a mass estimate of 50$\\pm$20 M$_{Jup}$ for this object.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001194"}
astro-ph/0001195
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{"Title": "Physical morphology and triggers of starburst galaxies", "Authors": "C.J. Conselice, M.A. Bershady, & J.S. Gallagher (U. Wisconsin-Madison)", "Abstract": " We present a method of determining the likely triggering mechanisms for\nluminous, nearby starbursts based on their optical asymmetry and (B-V) color --\nwhat we term as indices of `physical morphology.' By comparing the starbursts'\nlocations in a color-asymmetry diagram to an independent, nearby galaxy sample,\nwe identify which starbursts are likely triggered by an interaction/merger. We\nconfirm our morphological interpretation based on a comparison to 20% and 50%\nHI velocity-width ratios. We further explain how this use of physical\nmorphology can put constraints on the dynamical history of other galaxies,\nincluding star-forming galaxies at high redshifts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001195"}
astro-ph/0001196
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{"Title": "Current Development of the Photo-Ionization Code Cloudy", "Authors": "P.A.M. van Hoof, P.G. Martin, G.J. Ferland", "Abstract": " This paper describes the most important differences between Cloudy 90 and\nCloudy 94, the most recent upgrade of the code which has now been posted on the\nWWW. It also describes the upgrade of the grain model in Cloudy which is\ncurrently underway.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001196"}
astro-ph/0001197
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{"Title": "The Beginning of the End of the Anthropic Principle", "Authors": "Gordon L. Kane, Malcolm J. Perry, Anna N. Zytkow", "Abstract": " We argue that if string theory as an approach to the fundamental laws of\nphysics is correct, then there is almost no room for anthropic arguments in\ncosmology. The quark and lepton masses and interaction strengths are\ndetermined.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001197"}
astro-ph/0001198
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{"Title": "Young Massive Star Clusters in Spiral Galaxies. III. Correlations\n between cluster populations and host galaxy properties", "Authors": "S. S. Larsen, T. Richtler", "Abstract": " We present an analysis of correlations between integrated properties of\ngalaxies and their populations of young massive star clusters. Data for 21\nnearby galaxies presented by Larsen & Richtler (1999) are used together with\nliterature data for 10 additional galaxies, spanning a range in specific U-band\nluminosity T_L(U) from 0 to 15. We find that T_L(U) correlates with several\nobservable host galaxy parameters, in particular the ratio of Far-Infrared\n(FIR) to B-band flux and the optical surface brightness. Taking the FIR\nluminosity as an indicator of the star formation rate (SFR), it is found that\nT_L(U) correlates very well with the SFR per unit area. A similar correlation\nis seen between T_L(U) and the atomic hydrogen surface density. The cluster\nformation efficiency seems to depend on the SFR in a continuous way, rather\nthan being related to any particularly violent mode of star formation. We\ndiscuss fundamental features of possible scenarios for cluster formation. One\npossibility is that the correlation between T_L(U) and SFR is due to a common\ncontrolling parameter, most probably the density of the ISM. Another scenario\nconceives a high T_L(U) as resulting from the energy input from many massive\nstars in case of a high SFR.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001198"}
astro-ph/0001199
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{"Title": "Superluminal Caustics of Close, Rapidly-Rotating Binary Microlenses", "Authors": "Zheng Zheng and Andrew Gould (The Ohio State University)", "Abstract": " The two outer triangular caustics (regions of infinite magnification) of a\nclose binary microlens move much faster than the components of the binary\nthemselves, and can even exceed the speed of light. When $\\epsilon > 1$, where\n$\\epsilon c$ is the caustic speed, the usual formalism for calculating the lens\nmagnification breaks down. We develop a new formalism that makes use of the\ngravitational analog of the Li\\'enard-Wiechert potential. We find that as the\nbinary speeds up, the caustics undergo several related changes: First, their\nposition in space drifts. Second, they rotate about their own axes so that they\nno longer have a cusp facing the binary center of mass. Third, they grow larger\nand dramatically so for $\\epsilon >> 1$. Fourth, they grow weaker roughly in\nproportion to their increasing size. Superluminal caustic-crossing events are\nprobably not uncommon, but they are difficult to observe.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001199"}
astro-ph/0001200
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{"Title": "APM 08279+5255: Keck Near- and Mid-IR High-Resolution Imaging", "Authors": "E. Egami, G. Neugebauer, B. T. Soifer, K. Matthews (Caltech), M.\n Ressler (JPL), E. E. Becklin (UCLA), T. W. Murphy Jr. (Caltech), and D. A.\n Dale (IPAC/Caltech)", "Abstract": " We present Keck high-resolution near-IR (2.2 microns; FWHM~0.15\") and mid-IR\n(12.5 microns; FWHM~0.4\") images of APM08279+5255, a z=3.91 IR-luminous BALQSO\nwith a prodigious apparent bolometric luminosity of 5x10^{15} Lsun, the largest\nknown in the universe. The K-band image shows that this system consists of\nthree components, all of which are likely to be the gravitationally lensed\nimages of the same background object, and the 12.5 micron image shows a\nmorphology consistent with such an image configuration. Our lens model suggests\nthat the magnification factor is ~100 from the restframe UV to mid-IR, where\nmost of the luminosity is released. The intrinsic bolometric luminosity and IR\nluminosity of APM08279+5255 are estimated to be 5x10^{13} Lsun and 1x10^{13}\nLsun, respectively. This indicates that APM 08279+5255 is intriniscally\nluminous, but it is not the most luminous object known. As for its dust\ncontents, little can be determined with the currently available data due to the\nuncertainties associated with the dust emissivity and the possible effects of\ndifferential magnification. We also suggest that the lensing galaxy is likely\nto be a massive galaxy at z~3.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001200"}