Datasets:

bdsaglam

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musique-raw

like 2

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hank Snow", "paragraph_text": "Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bird migration", "paragraph_text": "Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: \"Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?\" The author of Jeremiah (8:7) wrote: \"Even the stork in the heavens knows its seasons, and the turtle dove, the swift and the crane keep the time of their arrival.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Looking Through Your Eyes", "paragraph_text": "\"Looking Through Your Eyes\" is the lead single for the by American country pop recording artist LeAnn Rimes. The song placed at number four on the Adult Contemporary charts, number 18 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 38 in the UK. The song was also featured on Rimes' album \"Sittin' on Top of the World\". The song was performed on screen as a duet by The Corrs with Bryan White. Andrea Corr provided the singing voice for the female lead of Kayley and Bryan White provided the singing voice for the male lead of Garrett. It was also performed by David Foster as an instrumental on the soundtrack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "It's likely[weasel words] that alb (\"white\") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kirby White", "paragraph_text": "Oliver Kirby White (January 3, 1884 – April 22, 1943) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1909 to 1911 for the Boston Doves and Pittsburgh Pirates. His minor league career began in 1907.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "White House Office", "paragraph_text": "The White House Office is an entity within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. The White House Office is headed by the White House Chief of Staff, who is also the head of the Executive Office of the President. The staff of the various offices are based in the West Wing and East Wing of the White House, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, and the New Executive Office Building. Almost all of the White House Office staff are political appointees of the President. These aides oversee the political and policy interests of the President and do not require Senate confirmation for appointment. They can be removed at the discretion of the President.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Liv and Maddie", "paragraph_text": "A full version of the Liv and Maddie theme song, ``Better in Stereo '', was recorded by Dove Cameron and released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on October 15, 2013. A music video was filmed and aired on Disney Channel the night of October 29, 2013. The song was featured multiple times throughout the show, first in the season three finale,`` Californi - a-Rooney'', and then an acoustic version sung by Dove Cameron during the season four and series finale, ``End - a-Rooney ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wings of a Dove (Bob Ferguson song)", "paragraph_text": "``Wings of a Dove ''Single by Ferlin Husky B - side`` Next to Jimmy'' Released July 1960 Genre Country Length 2: 18 Label Capitol Songwriter (s) Bob Ferguson Producer (s) Ken Nelson Ferlin Husky singles chronology ``Black Sheep ''(1959)`` Wings of a Dove'' (1960) ``Willow Tree ''(1961)`` Black Sheep'' (1959) ``Wings of a Dove ''(1960)`` Willow Tree'' (1961)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tyrants and Wraiths", "paragraph_text": "Tyrants and Wraiths is an EP by Austrian melodic death metal band Hollenthon, released by Napalm Records in 2009. It features bonus videos of \"On the Wings of a Dove\" and \"Ars Moriendi\" live at Graspop Metal Meeting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Earle Spencer", "paragraph_text": "Earle R. Spencer (born 1926) was an American trombonist and leader of a progressive swing big band bearing his name — Earle Spencer and His Orchestra. He formed the band in 1946 and disbanded in 1949. The band recorded for Black & White Records — a label so named by its founder, Les Schreiber, to reflect the races of its recording artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "We're Going to Be Friends", "paragraph_text": "``We're Going to Be Friends ''Single by The White Stripes from the album White Blood Cells Released Late 2002 Format CD Recorded Early 2001 Genre Folk rock, acoustic rock Length 2: 28 Label V2 Records Songwriter (s) Jack White Producer (s) Jack White The White Stripes singles chronology`` Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground'' (2002) ``We're Going to Be Friends ''(2002)`` Red Death at 6: 14'' (2002) ``Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground ''(2002)`` We're Going to Be Friends'' (2002) ``Red Death at 6: 14 ''(2002)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Griffin Music", "paragraph_text": "Griffin Music was an independent record label created in 1989 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by author/publisher Robert Godwin. It was originally created to record and finance the second album of Led Zeppelin tribute act, Michael White & The White. During late 1989 and 1990, Godwin worked with Michael White and his band recording the album in studios such as Sunset Sound and United Western Recorders in Los Angeles and Metalworks Studios in Toronto.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)", "paragraph_text": "``Why Me ''Single by Kris Kristofferson from the album Jesus Was a Capricorn B - side`` Help Me'' Released April 1973 Format 7 ''Recorded July 8, 1972 Genre Country gospel Length 3: 26 Label Monument Records 31909 Songwriter (s) Kris Kristofferson Producer (s) Fred Foster Kris Kristofferson singles chronology ``Jesse Younger'' (1972)`` Why Me ''(1973) ``A Song I'd Like to Sing'' (1973)`` Jesse Younger ''(1972) ``Why Me'' (1973)`` A Song I'd Like to Sing ''(1973)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sometimes It Snows in April", "paragraph_text": "``Sometimes It Snows in April ''Song by Prince and The Revolution from the album Parade Released 1986 Recorded 1985; Sunset Sound (Hollywood, California) Monterey Sound Studios (Glendale, California) Length 6: 48 Label Paisley Park Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Prince Wendy & Lisa Producer (s) Prince Parade track listing`` Anotherloverholenyohead'' (11) ``Sometimes It Snows in April ''(12)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Golden Dove", "paragraph_text": "The Golden Dove was the second solo album by Mary Timony. It was released on May 21, 2002, on Matador Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nightwish", "paragraph_text": "On January 11, 2012, Nightwish announced on their website that the second single \"The Crow, the Owl and the Dove\" would be released on February 29. Roadrunner Records announced that Nightwish would be releasing a 10-inch LP titled \"Trials of Imaginaerum\" in conjunction with Record Store Day (April 21, 2012). The 10\" LP is a two-sided picture disk, which contains four early demos of \"Storytime\", \"The Crow, The Owl and The Dove\", \"I Want My Tears Back\" and \"Slow, Love, Slow\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "DecembeRadio (album)", "paragraph_text": "DecembeRadio is the eponymous major label debut album by the band DecembeRadio. Produced by Scotty Wilbanks, the album features a guitar-driven sound that quickly earned it comparisons to The Black Crowes, King's X, Aerosmith and Free. The album was nominated for a \"Best Rock or Rap Gospel Album\" Grammy Award, and won the 2007 Dove Award for \"Rock Album of the Year\". Two of the album's tracks were also nominated for Dove Awards: \"Drifter\" for \"Song of the Year\", and \"Dangerous\" for \"Rock Recorded Song of the Year\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Highlights from Porgy and Bess", "paragraph_text": "Highlights from Porgy and Bess, the 1935 album of George Gershwin's opera, was recorded just days after Porgy and Bess opened on Broadway on October 10, 1935. While the opera was performed by an all-African American singing cast, the 1935 album featured mostly white opera singers. Gershwin's involvement is clearly stated on the album cover, which reads \"Recorded under the supervision of the composer.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Country Music is Here to Stay", "paragraph_text": "\"Country Music is Here to Stay\" is the first single by singer Ferlin Husky with Capitol Records under the pseudonym Simon Crum. The song peaked at No. 2 on \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for three weeks.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "A White Sport Coat", "paragraph_text": "``A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation) ''is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label March 4, 1957. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in - house conductor / arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff in charge of the song after his earlier hit,`` Singing the Blues'', had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell'a cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 67050, "question": "who sings wings of a snow white dove", "answer": "Ferlin Husky", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 395730, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Capitol Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Capitol" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Säntis", "paragraph_text": "At 2,501.9 metres above sea level, Säntis is the highest mountain in the Alpstein massif of northeastern Switzerland. It is also the culminating point of the whole Appenzell Alps, between Lake Walen and Lake Constance. Shared by three cantons, the mountain is a highly visible landmark thanks to its exposed northerly position within the Alpstein massif. As a consequence, houses called \"Säntisblick\" (English: \"Säntis view\") can be found in regions as far away as the Black Forest in Germany. Säntis is among the most prominent summits in the Alps and the most prominent summit in Europe with an observation deck on the top. The panorama from the summit is spectacular. Six countries can be seen if the weather allows: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, France, and Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Schellenberg", "paragraph_text": "The Lordship of Schellenberg was purchased by the Counts of Vaduz in 1437 and the two states have been united in fact ever since. After the Swabian War in 1499, both came under Austrian suzerainty. Different dynasties of counts bought and sold them, until their purchase in the early 18th century by the Liechtenstein dynasty, which had been granted princely status in 1706, but which needed to acquire a territory with imperial immediacy in order to vote in the Diet of the Princes of the Empire. The emperor formally united Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1719 as the Principality of Liechtenstein.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Marcel Tschopp", "paragraph_text": "Marcel Tschopp (born 28 April 1974 in Ruggell) is a Liechtensteiner orienteer and track athlete, specializing in the marathon. Tschopp was Liechtenstein's flag bearer for the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and finished 74th in the men's marathon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referenda on the EU issue; due to a mixed reaction from the population the membership application has been frozen. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Thomas Gullickson", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Edward Gullickson (born 14 August 1950) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He has served as the Nuncio to Switzerland and Liechtenstein since 5 September 2015, having been appointed by Pope Francis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1994–95 Football League", "paragraph_text": "The 1994–1995 Football League season was the 96th completed season of The Football League. It was the third season of The Football League since the formation of the Premier League. For sponsorship reasons, the league was known as the Endsleigh League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Vorarlberg", "paragraph_text": "The capital of Vorarlberg is Bregenz (29,806 inhabitants), although Dornbirn (49,278 inhabitants) and Feldkirch (33,420 inhabitants) have larger populations. Vorarlberg is also the only state in Austria where the local dialect is not Austro-Bavarian, but rather an Alemannic dialect; it therefore has much more in common culturally with (historically) Alemannic-speaking German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Swabia, and Alsace than with the rest of Austria, southeastern Bavaria, and South Tyrol.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Derborence", "paragraph_text": "Derborence is a hamlet in the municipality of Conthey, in the canton of Valais, in Switzerland. It is located at 1,450 metres in an isolated valley on the south side of the Bernese Alps and is not permanently inhabited. Derborence is completely surrounded by mountains: The Diablerets (highest) on the north, Haut de Cry on the south and Mont Gond on the east. Derborence can be reached by a road from Conthey, or by foot from Gryon, using the Pas de Cheville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Daniel Steuble", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Steuble, (born 21 March 1984), is a half-Swiss Liechtensteiner footballer currently playing for USV Eschen/Mauren, a Liechtenstein club playing in the Swiss league. He has appeared for the Liechtenstein national football team in UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto \"Forward\" at the bottom of the crest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Prince Louis of Liechtenstein", "paragraph_text": "Prince Aloys Franz de Paula Maria (18 November 1846 – 25 March 1920), known in English as Prince Louis, was the son of Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein (1802–1887) and younger brother of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein. He was the cousin of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein. He was nicknamed \"The Red Prince\" (\"der rote Prinz\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Max Cunningham", "paragraph_text": "Max Cunningham is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Matt Littler. From 1995 to 1996, Max was portrayed by Ben Sheriff before Littler took over. In 2008, Max was the second longest running character in \"Hollyoaks\", after Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard). In May 2008, it was announced that Littler had decided to leave the show and would depart in July 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the \"Swiss Confederation\" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt (\"federal city\").[note 3] The country is situated in Western and Central Europe,[note 4] and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global and economic centres, Zürich and Geneva.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein", "paragraph_text": "Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (Aloys Gonzaga Maria Adolf; 17 June 1869 in Hollenegg – 16 March 1955 in Vaduz) was the son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein (1842–1907) and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein (1843–1931), daughter of Alois II of Liechtenstein. The maternal nephew and first cousin of Franz I of Liechtenstein, Prince Aloys renounced his rights to the succession on 26 February 1923, in favor of his son Franz Joseph II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "V-League 6th Season 1st Conference", "paragraph_text": "The 1st Conference of the 6th Season of the Philippines Shakey's V-League will start on April 19 at the Filoil Flying V Arena. Teams include defending champion and current NCAA champion San Sebastian, UAAP runner-up FEU, NCRAA champion Lyceum. Two Visayan teams, CESAFI champion USJ-R, and USLS, join at the quarterfinals. UAAP champion La Salle decided not to compete and took a leave of absence; UP replaced the Lady Archers to complete the eight-team elimination round roster.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Villa Fallet", "paragraph_text": "Villa Fallet is a house located in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland designed by noted architect Le Corbusier. It was his first commission as an architect at the age of 18. It was completed in 1905. It is recognised as a building of cultural significance in Switzerland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland (/ ˈswɪtsərlənd /), officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The federal republic is situated in Western - Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km (15,940 sq mi) (land area 39,997 km (15,443 sq mi)). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "IBM Canada Head Office Building", "paragraph_text": "IBM Canada's head offices are currently located in Markham, Ontario and have been there since the early 1980s. The current building IBM occupies is located at 3600 Steeles Avenue East and was completed in 1995. IBM Canada's previous head office was located across the street at 3500 Steeles Avenue East (now Liberty Centre, Markham).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Brexit", "paragraph_text": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees and the International Red Cross, based in Geneva, played an important part during the conflict. Strict immigration and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, but not until the end of the 20th century.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22341, "question": "What has completely surrounded Switzerland and Liechtenstein since 1995?", "answer": "the EU", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 92923, "question": "when did we decide to leave the #1", "answer": "23 June 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Barbara Romagnan", "paragraph_text": "Barbara Romagnan is a teacher and a French politician who was a member of the Socialist Party since 1995. She later joined the 1 July Movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Schellenberg", "paragraph_text": "The Lordship of Schellenberg was purchased by the Counts of Vaduz in 1437 and the two states have been united in fact ever since. After the Swabian War in 1499, both came under Austrian suzerainty. Different dynasties of counts bought and sold them, until their purchase in the early 18th century by the Liechtenstein dynasty, which had been granted princely status in 1706, but which needed to acquire a territory with imperial immediacy in order to vote in the Diet of the Princes of the Empire. The emperor formally united Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1719 as the Principality of Liechtenstein.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of countries that border only one other country", "paragraph_text": "There are generally three possible arrangements by which a country can have a single border. The first is with a divided island such a Haiti and the Dominican Republic, or Ireland and the United Kingdom. The second is a peninsular relationship, where the first country borders the second and is otherwise surrounded by sea, while the second country borders other countries, as with Portugal and Spain, Denmark and Germany, or Canada and the United States. The third is the circumstance where the first country is a small country that is landlocked and completely surrounded by the second, larger country, as with The Vatican and Italy, or Lesotho and South Africa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Formica uralensis", "paragraph_text": "Formica uralensis is a species of ant in the genus \"Formica\". It is found in Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein", "paragraph_text": "Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (Aloys Gonzaga Maria Adolf; 17 June 1869 in Hollenegg – 16 March 1955 in Vaduz) was the son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein (1842–1907) and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein (1843–1931), daughter of Alois II of Liechtenstein. The maternal nephew and first cousin of Franz I of Liechtenstein, Prince Aloys renounced his rights to the succession on 26 February 1923, in favor of his son Franz Joseph II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Daniel Steuble", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Steuble, (born 21 March 1984), is a half-Swiss Liechtensteiner footballer currently playing for USV Eschen/Mauren, a Liechtenstein club playing in the Swiss league. He has appeared for the Liechtenstein national football team in UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Prince Louis of Liechtenstein", "paragraph_text": "Prince Aloys Franz de Paula Maria (18 November 1846 – 25 March 1920), known in English as Prince Louis, was the son of Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein (1802–1887) and younger brother of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein. He was the cousin of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein. He was nicknamed \"The Red Prince\" (\"der rote Prinz\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Via Alpina", "paragraph_text": "The Via Alpina is a network of five long-distance hiking trails across the alpine regions of Slovenia, Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Italy, France, and Monaco. The longest of trails is the red trail, whose termini are in Trieste and Monaco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "I've Got a Little Something for You", "paragraph_text": "``I've Got a Little Something for You ''is a song by British R&B group MN8. It was released in January 1995 as the lead single from their debut album, To the Next Level. It is their highest - charting single written by American record producer and composer, Markantoney J. Taylor, better known by his stage name DJ Vintage Future, and produced by Dennis Charles and Ronnie Wilson. It peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was also a top 10 hit in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referenda on the EU issue; due to a mixed reaction from the population the membership application has been frozen. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cheeese", "paragraph_text": "Cheeese is a European hidden camera show for children on Nickelodeon in Sweden, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. The series is a spinoff of \"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "European Union law", "paragraph_text": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amending treaties were signed to complete the development of a single, internal market in the Single European Act 1986, to further the development of a more social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, and to make minor amendments to the relative power of member states in the EU institutions in the Treaty of Nice 2001 and the Treaty of Lisbon 2007. Since its establishment, more member states have joined through a series of accession treaties, from the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994 (though again Norway failed to join, because of lack of support in the referendum), the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985 giving it a special status.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1994–95 Football League", "paragraph_text": "The 1994–1995 Football League season was the 96th completed season of The Football League. It was the third season of The Football League since the formation of the Premier League. For sponsorship reasons, the league was known as the Endsleigh League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Simon Featherstone", "paragraph_text": "Simon Featherstone was educated at Whitgift School and Lincoln College, Oxford. He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1980 and after language training at SOAS and in Hong Kong served in Beijing, Brussels and Shanghai. He was British ambassador to Switzerland and non-resident ambassador to Liechtenstein 2004–08, the Prime Minister's International Representative on Energy Issues in 2008, UK director for the 2010 Shanghai Expo (where the UK pavilion won the award for best pavilion design) and was British High Commissioner to Malaysia from October 2010 until ill health forced him to retire in May 2014. While in Malaysia, he was also one of the patrons of the British Theatre Playhouse, a theatrical and musical production company which works with British entertainment shows.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Thomas Gullickson", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Edward Gullickson (born 14 August 1950) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He has served as the Nuncio to Switzerland and Liechtenstein since 5 September 2015, having been appointed by Pope Francis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees and the International Red Cross, based in Geneva, played an important part during the conflict. Strict immigration and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, but not until the end of the 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark", "paragraph_text": "Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark (; 27 April 1912 – 12 December 1995) was a daughter of Prince Harald of Denmark and granddaughter of King Frederick VIII of Denmark. As the wife of Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, she became Hereditary Princess of Denmark.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Derborence", "paragraph_text": "Derborence is a hamlet in the municipality of Conthey, in the canton of Valais, in Switzerland. It is located at 1,450 metres in an isolated valley on the south side of the Bernese Alps and is not permanently inhabited. Derborence is completely surrounded by mountains: The Diablerets (highest) on the north, Haut de Cry on the south and Mont Gond on the east. Derborence can be reached by a road from Conthey, or by foot from Gryon, using the Pas de Cheville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "paragraph_text": "Place Team 01! Sweden 02! South Korea 03! Japan Great Britain 5 China 6 Canada 7 Switzerland 8 United States 9 Olympic Athletes from Russia 10 Denmark", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22341, "question": "What has completely surrounded Switzerland and Liechtenstein since 1995?", "answer": "the EU", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 40795, "question": "When did Denmark join the #1 ?", "answer": "1972", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "KMXA-FM", "paragraph_text": "KMXA-FM \"Mix 99.9\" is an Adult Contemporary radio station in Minot, North Dakota owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. During the Christmas season \"Mix 99.9\" plays continuous Christmas music. The station begins playing the Christmas music the day after Thanksgiving and runs until Christmas Day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Babes in Toyland (1961 film)", "paragraph_text": "Babes in Toyland is a 1961 American Technicolor Christmas musical film directed by Jack Donohue and distributed to theatres by Buena Vista Distribution. It stars Ray Bolger as Barnaby, Annette Funicello as Mary Contrary, Tommy Sands as Tom Piper, and Ed Wynn as the Toymaker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "National Football League Christmas games", "paragraph_text": "After the NFL held two Divisional Playoff games on Christmas Day 1971, the league avoided any more games on Christmas Day until 1989. Since then, the NFL has held occasional games on Christmas Day in some years, as part of week 16 or 17 of the regular season. Two games were played each Christmas Day from 2004 to 2006 and then from 2016 to 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens's fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer", "paragraph_text": "``Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer ''is a novelty Christmas song. Written by Randy Brooks, the song was originally performed by the husband - and - wife duo of Elmo and Patsy Trigg Shropshire in 1979. In the lyrics, a grandmother gets drunk on spiked eggnog at a family Christmas Eve party and, having forgotten to take her medication and despite pleas and warnings from her family, staggers outside into a snowstorm. While on her walk home, she is trampled to death by Santa Claus and his reindeer pulled sleigh. The second and third verses describe the next day's Christmas gathering where`` all the family's dressed in black (for mourning)'' and the question is asked as to whether Grandma's gifts should be opened at all or sent back the next day for possible refunds or exchanges (the collective answer to that question is a loud ``Send them back! ''), while the widowered`` Grandpa'' acts casual like nothing's happened, drinks beer, watches football and plays cards with ``cousin Mel ''. The song closes with a warning that Santa,`` a man who drives a sleigh and plays with elves'', is unfit for a driver's license, and that the listeners should beware.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Christmas Rathri", "paragraph_text": "Christmas Rathri () is a 1961 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by P. Subramaniam and was filmed at Merryland Studio. The film stars T. K. Balachandran, Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair, Soman and Adoor Pankajam in the lead roles. The film had musical score by Br. Lakshmanan. The plot revolves around Advocate George (played by Thikkurissi) and Annie (played by Miss Kumari). While \"Christmas\" is in the title, the film has very little to do with the holiday, except that the climax of the film occurs on Christmas Eve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Charles Dickens", "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837) The Adventures of Oliver Twist (Monthly serial in Bentley's Miscellany, February 1837 to April 1839) The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (Monthly serial, April 1838 to October 1839) The Old Curiosity Shop (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, April 1840 to November 1841) Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, February to November 1841) A Christmas Carol (1843) The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (Monthly serial, January 1843 to July 1844) Dombey and Son (Monthly serial, October 1846 to April 1848) David Copperfield (Monthly serial, May 1849 to November 1850) Bleak House (Monthly serial, March 1852 to September 1853) Hard Times: For These Times (Weekly serial in Household Words, 1 April 1854, to 12 August 1854) Little Dorrit (Monthly serial, December 1855 to June 1857) A Tale of Two Cities (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 30 April 1859, to 26 November 1859) Great Expectations (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 1 December 1860 to 3 August 1861) Our Mutual Friend (Monthly serial, May 1864 to November 1865) The Mystery of Edwin Drood left unfinished due to Dickens's death (Monthly serial, April 1870 to September 1870)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Daniel Rudge", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Rudge (1840 – 26 June 1880) was a British engineer who built high-end bicycles and velocipedes. Rudge invented the adjustable ball bearing bicycle hub (British Patent No 526) in 1878.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Émile Fabre", "paragraph_text": "Émile Fabre (24 March 1869 in Metz, France – 25 September 1955 in Paris) was a French playwright and general administrator of the Comédie-Française from 2 December 1915 to 15 October 1936. He was greatly influenced by Balzac as a young man, and most of his best-known plays deal with the sacrifice of personal happiness to the pursuit of wealth. He also wrote the libretto for Xavier Leroux's opera \"Les cadeaux de Noël\" (The Christmas Gifts) which was a great success when it premiered in Paris in 1915.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Flappie", "paragraph_text": "Flappie is the name of a Dutch Christmas song written by comedian Youp van 't Hek in 1978. The song became popular in The Netherlands, and it has been played as part of the rotation of Christmas music every year since. Unlike most Christmas music, however, this song has a dark edge running through the song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dan Stevens", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series Downton Abbey (2010 -- 12). He also starred as David in the thriller film The Guest (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014), The Beast / Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast (2017), Lorin Willis in the biographical legal drama Marshall (2017), and Charles Dickens in the biographical drama The Man Who Invented Christmas (2017). Since 2017, he has starred as David Haller in the FX series Legion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Barnaby Rudge", "paragraph_text": "\"Barnaby Rudge\" was the fifth of Dickens' novels to be published. It had initially been planned to appear as his first, but changes of publisher led to many delays, and it first appeared in serial form in the \"Clock\" from February to November 1841.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Warwick Buckland", "paragraph_text": "Warwick Buckland (1863–1945) was a British stage actor. He later became a film actor and director. He directed the 1915 crime film \"After Dark\". Buckland also worked as an art director, designing the sets for the epic \"Barnaby Rudge\" made by Hepworth Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress during the Enlightenment included the discovery of carbon dioxide (fixed air) by the chemist Joseph Black, the argument for deep time by the geologist James Hutton, and the invention of the steam engine by James Watt. The experiments of Lavoisier were used to create the first modern chemical plants in Paris, and the experiments of the Montgolfier Brothers enabled them to launch the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon on 21 November 1783, from the Château de la Muette, near the Bois de Boulogne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Christmas gift-bringer", "paragraph_text": "A number of Midwinter or Christmas traditions in European folklore involve gift-bringers. Mostly involving the figure of a bearded old man, the traditions have mutually influenced one another, and have adopted aspects from Christian hagiography, even before the modern period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Beverly Hillbillies", "paragraph_text": "In 1993, a movie version of The Beverly Hillbillies was released starring Jim Varney as Jed Clampett and featuring Buddy Ebsen in a cameo as Barnaby Jones, the lead character in his long - running post-Hillbillies television series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of radio", "paragraph_text": "The next advancement was the vacuum tube detector, invented by Westinghouse engineers. On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden used a synchronous rotary - spark transmitter for the first radio program broadcast, from Ocean Bluff - Brant Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible. This was, for all intents and purposes, the first transmission of what is now known as amplitude modulation or AM radio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "A Christmas Tree and a Wedding", "paragraph_text": "\"A Christmas Tree and a Wedding\" (, \"Yolka i svad'ba\") is a short story written by Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky published in 1848. The piece is narrated by an awkward outcast attending a Christmas party. He observes the party's guest of honour and takes special interest in one of the children.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jingle All the Way", "paragraph_text": "Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Brian Levant. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to purchase a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last-minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Barnaby Woods", "paragraph_text": "Barnaby Woods is a neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., wedged between Rock Creek Park and Montgomery County, Maryland. It is bounded on the north by Aberfoyle Place, on the west by Western Avenue, on the south by Tennyson Street, and on the east by Oregon Avenue. Barnaby Woods is entirely residential, with no commercial zoning whatsoever, and the housing consists primarily of 1930s colonial homes on large parcels of land although on Unicorn Lane NW there are only townhouses.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 832558, "question": "Barnaby Rudge >> author", "answer": "Dickens", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 58538, "question": "who plays #1 in the man who invented christmas", "answer": "Dan Stevens", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "Daniel Jonathan Stevens" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "National Football League Christmas games", "paragraph_text": "After the NFL held two Divisional Playoff games on Christmas Day 1971, the league avoided any more games on Christmas Day until 1989. Since then, the NFL has held occasional games on Christmas Day in some years, as part of week 16 or 17 of the regular season. Two games were played each Christmas Day from 2004 to 2006 and then from 2016 to 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "A Christmas Carol (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "This version casts the famous Dickens characters as anthropomorphic animals; Ebenezer Scrooge and his relatives are skunks, Bob Cratchit and his family are rabbits, the ghost of Jacob Marley is a cricket, the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus. This version differs from the original novel in many ways; for example, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks, while most other versions have him mute. Tiny Tim doesn't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge, but instead becomes as miserly as he is and Jacob Marley is said to be dead 2 years, unlike the original novel in which he was dead for 7 years. We also see Scrooge's childhood home.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Muppet Christmas Carol", "paragraph_text": "The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy - drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol. It is the fourth in a series of live - action musical films featuring The Muppets, with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge. Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs, The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens's original story closely. The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "While shepherds watched their flocks", "paragraph_text": "``While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks ''is a Christmas carol describing the Annunciation to the Shepherds, with words attributed to Irish hymnist, lyricist and England's Poet Laureate Nahum Tate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Christmas Rathri", "paragraph_text": "Christmas Rathri () is a 1961 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by P. Subramaniam and was filmed at Merryland Studio. The film stars T. K. Balachandran, Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair, Soman and Adoor Pankajam in the lead roles. The film had musical score by Br. Lakshmanan. The plot revolves around Advocate George (played by Thikkurissi) and Annie (played by Miss Kumari). While \"Christmas\" is in the title, the film has very little to do with the holiday, except that the climax of the film occurs on Christmas Eve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Christmas Extraordinaire", "paragraph_text": "Christmas Extraordinaire is Mannheim Steamroller's sixth Christmas album overall and the group's fourth Christmas studio album. The album was originally released in 2001. The song \"O Tannenbaum\" features a lead vocal by Johnny Mathis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Christmas", "paragraph_text": "The First Congregational Church of Rockford, Illinois, ``although of genuine Puritan stock '', was' preparing for a grand Christmas jubilee ', a news correspondent reported in 1864. By 1860, fourteen states including several from New England had adopted Christmas as a legal holiday. In 1875, Louis Prang introduced the Christmas card to Americans. He has been called the`` father of the American Christmas card''. On June 28, 1870, Christmas was formally declared a United States federal holiday.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "KMXA-FM", "paragraph_text": "KMXA-FM \"Mix 99.9\" is an Adult Contemporary radio station in Minot, North Dakota owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. During the Christmas season \"Mix 99.9\" plays continuous Christmas music. The station begins playing the Christmas music the day after Thanksgiving and runs until Christmas Day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Let The Season In", "paragraph_text": "Let The Season In was recorded during the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's 2013 Christmas shows in the LDS Conference Center, with special guests operatic soprano Deborah Voigt and actor John Rhys-Davies. An album and concert DVD were released on October 14, 2014, along with a companion book titled \"God Bless Us, Every One!: The Story Behind A Christmas Carol\". The recorded concert will be broadcast on PBS premiering December 19, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Father Christmas", "paragraph_text": "Father Christmas is the traditional English name for the personification of Christmas. Although now known as a Christmas gift - bringer, and normally considered to be synonymous with American culture's Santa Claus which is now known worldwide, he was originally part of an unrelated and much older English folkloric tradition. The recognisably modern figure of the English Father Christmas developed in the late Victorian period, but Christmas had been personified for centuries before then.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Liturgical year", "paragraph_text": "The Christmas season immediately follows Advent. The traditional Twelve Days of Christmas begin with Christmas Eve on the evening of December 24 and continue until the feast of Epiphany. The actual Christmas season continues until the Feast of the Baptism of Christ, which in the present form of the Roman Rite is celebrated on the Sunday after January 6, or the following Monday if that Sunday is Epiphany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "O Holy Night", "paragraph_text": "``O Holy Night ''(French:`` Minuit Chretiens!'' or ``Cantique de Noël '') is a well - known Christmas carol composed by Adolphe Adam in 1847 to the French poem`` Minuit, chrétiens'' (Midnight, Christians) written by a wine merchant and poet, Placide Cappeau (1808 -- 1877). In both the French original and the two familiar English versions of the carol, as well as many other languages, the text reflects on the birth of Jesus and on humanity's redemption.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Jingle All the Way", "paragraph_text": "Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Brian Levant. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to purchase a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last-minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "I'll Be Home for Christmas", "paragraph_text": "``I'll Be Home for Christmas ''is a Christmas song written by the lyricist Kim Gannon and composer Walter Kent and recorded in 1943 by Bing Crosby, who scored a top ten hit with the song. Originally written to honor soldiers overseas who longed to be home at Christmastime,`` I'll Be Home for Christmas'' has since gone on to become a Christmas standard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens's fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bob Cratchit", "paragraph_text": "Bob Cratchit is a fictional character in the Charles Dickens novel A Christmas Carol. The abused, underpaid clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge (and possibly Jacob Marley, when he was still alive), Cratchit has come to symbolize poor working conditions, especially long working hours.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jacob Marley", "paragraph_text": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ebbie", "paragraph_text": "Ebbie or Miracle at Christmas: Ebbie's Story is a 1995 TV movie directed by George Kaczender, written by Ed Redlich, and starring Susan Lucci in the title role. It is a gender-reversed retelling of \"A Christmas Carol\" by Charles Dickens, with a hard-hearted female character in place of the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Flappie", "paragraph_text": "Flappie is the name of a Dutch Christmas song written by comedian Youp van 't Hek in 1978. The song became popular in The Netherlands, and it has been played as part of the rotation of Christmas music every year since. Unlike most Christmas music, however, this song has a dark edge running through the song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Zion's Daughter", "paragraph_text": "\"Zion's Daughter\" is a 1982 Christmas single by German band Boney M., the second single to be released off their \"Christmas Album\", released in November 1981. It was a re-worked up-tempo version of Georg Friedrich Händel's \"See, the conqu'ring hero comes!\" (a song from his oratorio \"Judas Maccabaeus\") with English lyrics by Fred Jay. The tune of the German advent carol is well known in England as part of Henry Wood's Fantasia on British Sea Songs performed every year at the BBC's Last Night of the Proms concert.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 411777, "question": "A Christmas Carol >> screenwriter", "answer": "Dickens", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 58538, "question": "who plays #1 in the man who invented christmas", "answer": "Dan Stevens", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tonny Brogaard", "paragraph_text": "Tonny Brogaard (born 10 February 1984), formerly Tonny Nielsen, is a Danish football goalkeeper, who last played at Boldklubben Frem in the Danish 1st Division. At 206 cm (6'9\"), he is one of the tallest playing footballers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bosön", "paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of specialized agencies of the United Nations", "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization (WHO) acts as a coordinating authority on international public health and deals with health and sanitation and diseases and sends medical teams to help combat epidemics. Established on 7 April 1948, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the League of Nations. It was established in April 7, 1948 when 26 members of the United Nations ratified its Constitution. April 7 is celebrated as the World Health Day every year. The WHO is governed by 194 Member States through the World Health Assembly. Its headquarters are at Geneva in Switzerland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pipra Nankar", "paragraph_text": "Pipra Nankar is a village situated in the Damkhauda Mandal of Bareilly District in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2.273 kilometres from the mandal headquarters Damkhoda, and is 36.38 km far from the district headquarters in Bareilly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Massachusetts and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "NATO", "paragraph_text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tonny van Lierop", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Robert Onslow \"Tonny\" van Lierop (September 9, 1910 in Vught – March 31, 1982 in Blaricum) was a Dutch field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kristians Tonny", "paragraph_text": "During the late 1930s Surrealist exhibitions were held in a number of major European cities and together with Georges Hugnet, Kristians Tonny was involved in organizing the first international Surrealist exhibition in the Netherlands, held in the art gallery owned by his parents, \"Galerie Robert\" in Amsterdam. Although a major event, the exhibition was not a complete success. The reason for this was that, with the exception of Kristians Tonny, no Dutch Surrealists (such as J.H. Moesman en Willem Wagenaar) were invited. The reason for this being that Georges Hugnet didn’t believe that, with the exception of Kristians Tonny, there were any Dutch Surrealists. Among those that did participate were André Breton, Max Ernst, Paul Eluard, E.L.T. Mésens and others. As a consequence, in the Netherlands a major interest in Surrealism didn’t happen until the 1960s, something that would, after his return to the Netherlands in 1949, prove to be a major inconvenience to Kristians Tonny in finding an audience for his work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Karjule Hareshwar", "paragraph_text": "Karjule Hareshwar formerly called Karjule Harya is a village in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India. This village is located on Kalyan Ahmednagar highway National Highway 222. It is located 50 km towards west from District headquarters Ahmednagar. 25 km from Parner. 181 km from State capital Mumbai. It is well known village as Mumbaikar's Village. Most of the family members are working in Mumbai in transportation and many more things.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Shanballymore GAA", "paragraph_text": "Shanballymore GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club, based in the village of Shanballymore, located in the northern part of County Cork, Ireland. The club fields both Gaelic football and hurling teams. It is a member of the Avondhu division of Cork GAA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Olympic Council of Asia", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) is a governing body of sports in Asia, currently with 45 member National Olympic Committees. The current president is Sheikh Fahad Al-Sabah. The oldest NOCs are from Japan and the Philippines, recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1911; whereas East Timor is the newest, joining in 2003. The headquarters of the OCA is located at Kuwait City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "National Pan-Hellenic Council", "paragraph_text": "National Pan-Hellenic Council Data Established 1930 Members 9 Continent North America Country United States Headquarters Decatur, Georgia Organization type Coalition of members", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Leif Carlsen", "paragraph_text": "Leif Carlsen was a Danish football forward that represented the Danish Copenhagen side Frem in the Danish top league from 1964 to 1966. During the 1967 and 1968 seasons, he represented Hvidovre IF where he scored 6 goals. One of them was in the Danish Cup final, Carlsen scored the second goal in the 2-0 victory against Esbjerg fB Thereafter he moved across the Øresund to Swedish team Landskrona BoIS.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Palace of Nations", "paragraph_text": "The Palace of Nations (, ) is the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva, located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was built between 1929 and 1938 to serve as the headquarters of the League of Nations. It has served as the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva since 1946 when the Secretary-General of the United Nations signed a Headquarters Agreement with the Swiss authorities, although Switzerland did not become a member of the United Nations until 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Minakulu", "paragraph_text": "Minakulu is one of the sub-counties forming Oyam District in Northern Uganda. It is located west of Oyam town and south of Gulu town, about 20 kilometres from Oyam district headquarters and 32 kilometres from Gulu district headquarters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York Knicks", "paragraph_text": "The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks, are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, located in the borough of Manhattan. They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City; the other is the Brooklyn Nets. The team, established by Ned Irish in 1946, was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949. Along with the Boston Celtics, the Knicks are one of only two original NBA teams still located in its original city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Florida Panthers", "paragraph_text": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Orlando City SC", "paragraph_text": "Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Orlando, Florida that competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). Orlando City SC began play in 2015 as an expansion team of the league. The team is the first MLS franchise located in the state of Florida since the Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny were folded by the league following the 2001 season. The team plays in the privately owned and operated Orlando City Stadium, located in the heart of downtown Orlando.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 134678, "question": "Which team is Tonny Brogaard a member of?", "answer": "Boldklubben Frem", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 663471, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Copenhagen", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Across the Sea (Lost)", "paragraph_text": "The episode, unlike most Lost episodes, does not divide its time between two different time settings, but takes place entirely in the past, except for a brief scene at the end from the season one episode ``House of the Rising Sun. ''It depicts the origins of the characters of Jacob (Mark Pellegrino) and his brother, The Man in Black (Titus Welliver), and how they came to be on the island. It also reveals the identities of the corpses discovered in the cave in`` House of the Rising Sun.'' None of the series regulars appear in the episode, except in the flashback sequence, making it the only episode of the series in which this occurs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Handover of Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''internationally or`` the Return'' in China, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Memorial Day", "paragraph_text": "Memorial Day or Decoration Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces. The holiday, which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May, was held on May 29, 2017. The holiday was held on May 30 from 1868 to 1970. It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Marcia Furnilla", "paragraph_text": "Marcia Furnilla was born and raised in Rome. She married Titus, widowed from his first marriage, in 63. The marriage between Titus and Furnilla was an arranged one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Reconstruction era", "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history. The term has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War; the second, to the attempted transformation of the 11 ex-Confederate states from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate nationalism and ended slavery, making the newly free slaves citizens with civil rights apparently guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments. Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Cookville, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Cookville is an unincorporated community in eastern Titus County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 67 east of the city of Mount Pleasant, the county seat of Titus County. Its elevation is 433 feet (132 m). Although Cookville is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 75558, located at the junction of US 67 and Farm to Market Road 1000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: (ˈreːs ˈpuːb. lɪ. ka roːˈmaː.na)) was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)", "paragraph_text": "The siege ended on August 30, 70 CE with the burning and destruction of its Second Temple, and the Romans entered and sacked the Lower City. The destruction of both the first and second temples is still mourned annually as the Jewish fast Tisha B'Av. The Arch of Titus, celebrating the Roman sack of Jerusalem and the Temple, still stands in Rome. The conquest of the city was complete on September 8, 70 CE.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Fox and the Child", "paragraph_text": "The film was shot on the Plateau de Retord in Ain, which the film director knows well because he spent his youth there, in the summer, as well as in the Abruzzo in Italy. The foxes in the film were played by six animals: Titus, Sally, Ziza, Scott, Tango and Pitchou. Titus was the fox who had been tamed by Marie - Noëlle Baroni. It died on March 17, 2008 at the advanced age of 12 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Titus, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Titus is an unincorporated community in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. Titus is north-northwest of Wetumpka. Titus has a post office with ZIP code 36080.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "History of Jerusalem", "paragraph_text": "In 66 CE, the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish -- Roman War or Great Revolt. Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on which the Temple had stood, a portion of which has become known as the Western Wall. Titus' victory is commemorated by the Arch of Titus in Rome. Agrippa II died c. 94 CE, which brought the Herodian dynasty to an end almost thirty years after the destruction of the Second Temple. After the end of this revolt, Jews continued to live in Jerusalem in significant numbers, and were allowed to practice their religion, only if they paid the Jewish Tax.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Crate Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Crate Township is a township in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 247 at the 2000 census. Crate Township was named for Francis Lucretius \"Crate\" Beasley, an early settler.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)", "paragraph_text": "Overlooking the Temple compound, the fortress provided a perfect point from which to attack the Temple itself. Battering rams made little progress, but the fighting itself eventually set the walls on fire; a Roman soldier threw a burning stick onto one of the Temple's walls. Destroying the Temple was not among Titus' goals, possibly due in large part to the massive expansions done by Herod the Great mere decades earlier. Titus had wanted to seize it and transform it into a temple dedicated to the Roman Emperor and the Roman pantheon. The fire spread quickly and was soon out of control. The Temple was captured and destroyed on 9 / 10 Tisha B'Av, at the end of August, and the flames spread into the residential sections of the city. Josephus described the scene:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rivercrest High School (Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Rivercrest High School is a 2A public high school located in Bogata, Texas (USA). It is part of the Rivercrest Independent School District located in southwest Red River County and northwest Titus County and a small portion of Franklin County. It was created by the consolidation of Bogata and neighboring Talco in Titus County. In 2011, the school was rated \"Academically Acceptable\" by the Texas Education Agency.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus", "paragraph_text": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus was a politician and military leader in the early days of the Roman Republic. Twice, in the years 508 and 504 BC, he was elected Roman Consul, alongside Publius Valerius Poplicola. Also a military leader, he was victorious against Lars Porsena during his first consulate. According to Livy, he led the Roman army together with Valerius against the Sabines in 504 BC and both consuls were awarded the honour of a triumph, however the Fasti Triumphales only mention the triumph of Valerius, in May 504 BC.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Handover of Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''or`` the Return'' internationally, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Albano Carrisi", "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lydia Yeamans Titus", "paragraph_text": "Lydia Yeamans Titus died in Los Angeles on 30 December 1929, aged 72, after suffering a paralytic stroke. Having been born at sea, she directed in her will that her remains be buried at sea. Accordingly, following her funeral services her ashes were scattered upon the waves of the Pacific Ocean along the Southern California Coast. Titus was widowed sometime before her death.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 704691, "question": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 82816, "question": "what marked the end of #1", "answer": "establishment of the Roman Empire.", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "Roman Empire" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mike Ballou", "paragraph_text": "Mikell Randolph Ballou (born September 11, 1947 in Los Angeles, California) was a linebacker in the National Football League who played for the Boston Patriots in 1970. He attended Los Angeles High School, then Santa Monica College and finally the University of California - Los Angeles before being drafted by the Patriots in the third round, 56th overall, of the 1970 NFL Draft.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Patriot (American Revolution)", "paragraph_text": "Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation. Their rebellion was based on the political philosophy of republicanism, as expressed by spokesmen such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Thomas Paine. They were opposed by the Loyalists who instead supported continued British rule.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Massachusetts and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Patriotic Gore", "paragraph_text": "Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War is a 1962 book of historical and literary criticism written by Edmund Wilson. It consists of 26 chapters about the works and lives of almost 30 writers, including", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Intolerable Acts", "paragraph_text": "The Intolerable Acts were the American Patriots' term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance of throwing a large tea shipment into Boston Harbor in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of the New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William ``Billy ''Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers, owned by Joseph Sullivan, were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL) on November 16, 1959. The following winter, locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team's official name. On February 20, 1960, Sullivan chose`` Boston Patriots'', which was suggested by 74 fans, among them Larry Kepnes. Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell developed the ``Pat Patriot ''logo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "American Experience", "paragraph_text": "American Experience is a television program airing on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television stations in the United States. The program airs documentaries, many of which have won awards, about important or interesting events and people in American history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Capture of Fort Ticonderoga", "paragraph_text": "Even before shooting started in the American Revolutionary War, American Patriots were concerned about Fort Ticonderoga. The fort was a valuable asset for several reasons. Within its walls was a collection of heavy artillery including cannons, howitzers, and mortars, armaments that the Americans had in short supply. The fort was situated on the shores of Lake Champlain, a strategically important route between the Thirteen Colonies and the British - controlled northern provinces. British forces placed there would expose the colonial forces in Boston to attack from the rear. After the war began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the British General Thomas Gage realized the fort would require fortification, and several colonists had the idea of capturing the fort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gytheio", "paragraph_text": "Gytheio used to be an important port until it was destroyed in 4th century AD, possibly by an earthquake. Even thereafter its strategic location gave Gytheio a significant role in Maniot history. Today it is the largest and most important town in Mani. It is also the seat of the municipality of East Mani.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many Huguenots had occupied important places in society. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's slow rate of population growth compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759-60.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Boston Terrier", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United States. This ``American Gentleman ''was accepted in 1893 by the American Kennel Club as a non-sporting breed. Color and markings are important when distinguishing this breed to the AKC standard. They should be either black, brindle or seal with white markings. Bostons are small and compact with a short tail and erect ears. The AKC says they are highly intelligent and very easily trained. They are friendly and can be stubborn at times. The average life span of a Boston is around 11 to 13 years, though some can live well into their teens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Loyalist (American Revolution)", "paragraph_text": "Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War. At the time they were often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men. They were opposed by the Patriots, those who supported the revolution and called them ``persons inimical to the liberties of America ''. Prominent Loyalists repeatedly assured the British government that many thousands of loyalists would spring to arms and fight for the crown. The British government acted in expectation of that, especially in the southern campaigns in 1780 - 81. In practice, the number of loyalists in military service was far lower than expected. Across the colonies, Patriots watched suspected Loyalists very closely, and would not tolerate any organized Loyalist opposition. Many outspoken or militarily active loyalists were forced to flee, especially to their stronghold of New York City. William Franklin, the royal governor of New Jersey and son of Patriot leader Benjamin Franklin, became the leader of the Loyalists after his release from a Patriot prison in 1778. He worked to build Loyalist military units to fight in the war, but the number of volunteers was much fewer than London expected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Patriots Day (film)", "paragraph_text": "Principal photography began on March 29, 2016, in New York City, and also filmed in Boston, Los Angeles, New Orleans and Philadelphia. The film premiered on November 17, 2016, at the AFI Fest. Distributed by CBS Films and Lionsgate, Patriots Day was released in Boston, New York and Los Angeles on December 21, 2016, followed by a nationwide expansion on January 13, 2017. The film was a box office disappointment, grossing just $50 million worldwide against a production budget of $45 million, but it also received many positive reviews for Berg's direction and the performances of its cast, and was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2016.The title refers to Patriots' Day, the Massachusetts state holiday on which the Boston Marathon is held.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 6806, "question": "Boston was the location of many important events of what war?", "answer": "the American Revolution", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 83303, "question": "where did the patriots live during #1", "answer": "the Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Thirteen Colonies" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Charles Eugène de Lalaing d'Audenarde", "paragraph_text": "Charles Eugène de Lalaing d'Audenarde (13 November 1779 – 4 March 1859) was an officer in the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ron Webster", "paragraph_text": "Ron Webster (born 21 June 1943, in Belper) is an English former association football player, who spent nearly all his career playing for his local team Derby County. Webster played at right back. Webster was always a fans' favourite because of his hard tackles and effort. Seth Johnson, a recent ex-Derby player was compared to him for his hard working attitude on the pitch. He is rated by many people as being one of the most loyal Derby County players ever for his services and contribution to the club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Peter McManus", "paragraph_text": "Peter McManus VC (March 1829 – 27 April 1859) was born in Tynan, County Armagh, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "William Eyre (British Army officer)", "paragraph_text": "Major General Sir William Eyre KCB (21 October 1805 – 18 September 1859) was an officer in the British Army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Charles-Marie-Esprit Espinasse", "paragraph_text": "Charles-Marie-Esprit Espinasse (2 April 1815 – 4 June 1859) was a French military officer who was briefly Minister of the Interior and Public Security in 1858. He died during the Italian campaign of 1859.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, screenwriter Noxon told Collider.com that plans for an imminent sequel were shelved due to the disappointing performance of the first installment at the box office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Friedrich Hagenauer", "paragraph_text": "Reverend Friedrich Hagenauer and Reverend F.W. Spieseke from the German Moravian Church were sent to Australia and established Ebenezer Mission station near Lake Hindmarsh, Victoria, Australia in 1859 in Wergaia territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. \"Everyone likes flattery,\" he said, \"and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel.\" With the phrase \"we authors, Ma'am\", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were \"a public meeting rather than a woman\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "James W. Holley III", "paragraph_text": "James W. Holley III (November 24, 1926 – October 5, 2012) was an American politician and dental surgeon. Holley served two terms as mayor of Portsmouth, Virginia. Both terms ended with his being recalled from office, making him the only known politician in American history to be twice recalled until Fullerton, California Councilman Don Bankhead was recalled in June 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dumb Ways to Die", "paragraph_text": "Dumb Ways to Die is an Australian public service announcement campaign made by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia to promote railway safety. The campaign video went viral through sharing and social media starting in November 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the \"African Club of the Century\". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Electoral district of Polwarth, Ripon, Hampden and South Grenville", "paragraph_text": "Polwarth, Ripon, Hampden and South Grenville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1859. It was based in western Victoria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Magnum Cum Louder", "paragraph_text": "Magnum Cum Louder is Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus' fourth album, the first with their new label, RCA Records having been dropped by Elektra Records following disappointing sales in the United States. The album was produced by the group, and was released in Australia on 28 June 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1992 Epsom Derby", "paragraph_text": "The 1992 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Wednesday 3 June 1992. It was the 213th running of the Derby, and it was won by Dr Devious. The winner was ridden by John Reid and trained by Peter Chapple-Hyam. The pre-race favourite Rodrigo de Triano finished ninth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Grotto in the Gulf of Salerno", "paragraph_text": "Grotto in the Gulf of Salerno is the subject of at least four paintings completed by Joseph Wright of Derby following his visit there in 1774. The paintings show the different lighting at different times of the day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Per Lasson", "paragraph_text": "Per Lasson (April 18, 1859 — June 6, 1883 in Christiania) was a Norwegian composer, brother of Norwegian painter Oda Krohg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; later Princess Henry of Battenberg; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Beatrice was the last of Queen Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, her elder sister Alice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tyntynder South, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Tyntynder South is a locality in the local government area of the Rural City of Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia. Eastburn's post office opened in 1902, was renamed Tyntynder South in July 1911 and closed on 30 June 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 16766, "question": "Who did Victoria recall to office following her disappointment with Derby in June of 1859?", "answer": "Palmerston", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 16779, "question": "When did #1 die?", "answer": "1865", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a \"mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron,\" respectively. He adds that \"Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "China–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "On March 1, 1979, the two countries formally established embassies in each other's capitals. In 1979, outstanding private claims were resolved and a bilateral trade agreement was completed. Vice President Walter Mondale reciprocated Vice Premier Deng's visit with an August 1979 trip to China. This visit led to agreements in September 1980 on maritime affairs, civil aviation links, and textile matters, as well as a bilateral consular convention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen", "paragraph_text": "Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen () (1308 - 1330) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (\"Dishi\") at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He belonged to the abbot family Khon of Sakya which had a precedence position in Tibet in this era. He held the dignity from 1327 to 1330.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Drakpa Odzer", "paragraph_text": "Drakpa Odzer () (1246 - 1303) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (\"Dishi\") at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He hailed from Sakya which was the foremost monastic regime in Tibet in this period. He held the post from 1291 to his death in 1303.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun (1241–1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "XCOM 2", "paragraph_text": "XCOM 2 is a turn-based tactics video game developed by Firaxis Games and published by 2K Games for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux in February 2016, and for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in September 2016. The game is the sequel to 2012's reboot of the series, \"\". Taking place 20 years after the events of \"Enemy Unknown\", it follows the continuity that XCOM, a military organization trying to fight off an alien invasion, has lost the war, and is now a resistance force against their occupation of Earth and their established totalitarian regime and military dictatorship. The expansion \"\" was released in 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Oswald Gracias", "paragraph_text": "Oswald Gracias (born 24 December 1944) is an Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was appointed Latin rite Archbishop of Bombay by Pope Benedict XVI on 14 October 2006 and was raised to the cardinalate in 2007. In 2008, he became Vice-President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India; and in 2010, he was elected President. He is also the President of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences. On 13 April 2013, he was appointed to the eight-member Council of Cardinals, informally the Council of Cardinal Advisers, established by Pope Francis to help with governing the Catholic Church and reforming its central administration. He had been mentioned as a possible contender to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, who resigned in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sewing machine", "paragraph_text": "Elias Howe, born in Spencer, Massachusetts, created his sewing machine in 1845, using a similar method to Fisher's except that the fabric was held vertically. An important improvement on his machine was to have the needle running away from the point, starting from the eye. After a lengthy stay in England trying to attract interest in his machine, he returned to America to find various people infringing his patent, among them Isaac Merritt Singer. He eventually won a case for patent infringement in 1854, and was awarded the right to claim royalties from the manufacturers using ideas covered by his patent, including Singer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "United States presidential line of succession", "paragraph_text": "The 25th Amendment, Section 1, clarifies Article II, Section 1, Clause 6, by stating unequivocally that the vice president is the direct successor of the president, and becomes president if the incumbent dies, resigns or is removed from office. It also, in sections 3 and 4, provides for situations where the president is temporarily disabled, such as if the president has a surgical procedure or becomes mentally unfit. Additionally, in Section 2, the amendment provides a mechanism for intra-term vice presidential succession, establishing that vice presidential vacancies will be filled by the president and confirmed by both houses of Congress. Previously, whenever a vice president had succeeded to the presidency or had died or resigned from office, the vice presidency remained vacant until the next presidential and vice presidential terms began; there were 16 such vacancies prior to 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Royalties (brand management agency)", "paragraph_text": "Royalties is a brand management agency based in Paris. The agency was originally created in 2008 as Publicis Royalties by Publicis Worldwide and Eurogroup Consulting and is now independently owned by the three founding partners: David Jobin, Olivier Bontemps and Alexandre de Coupigny. Royalties has expanded from the financial assessment of brands to the creation and management of brands, and their visual and verbal identities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Simone Peter", "paragraph_text": "Peter is the daughter of SPD politician Brunhilde Peter, who served as State minister and vice Minister-President under Oskar Lafontaine. Raised in Dillingen, Peter studied microbiology at Universität des Saarlandes in Saarbrücken and received a PhD.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a \"diarchic structure\" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian prince Khuden gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s and sponsored Sakya Pandita, whose seat became the capital of Tibet. Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, Sakya Pandita's nephew became Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lalbagh Fort", "paragraph_text": "The Mughal prince Muhammad Azam, third son of Aurangzeb started the work of the fort in 1678 during his vice-royalty in Bengal. He stayed in Bengal for 15 months. The fort remained incomplete when he was called away by his father Aurangzeb.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Julien Hoffmann", "paragraph_text": "A professor of music, Hoffman was influential in Luxembourg by founding the \"Chorale Jong Lëtzebuerg\", based on the model of Young Vienna and established in 1966. The choir has performed in front of royalty and on a visit to Vaduz was welcomed by the Prince of Liechtenstein. Hoffmann also served as honorary director of the St Cecilia Choir of Walferdange.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a \"divide-and-rule\" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than \"comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet.\" Rossabi states that this theory \"attributes too much influence to the Chinese,\" pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the \"divide-and-rule\" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)", "paragraph_text": "Italy under the Fascist leadership of Benito Mussolini supported the overthrow of the republic and the establishment of a regime that would serve as a client state to Italy. Italy distrusted the Spanish Republic due to its pro-French leanings and prior to the war had made contact with Spanish right - wing groups. Italy justified its intervention as an action intended to prevent the rise of Bolshevism in Spain. Italy's Fascist regime considered the threat of Bolshevism a real risk with the arrival of volunteers from the Soviet Union who were fighting for the Republicans. Mussolini provided financial support as well as training to the Alfonsists, Carlists, and Falange. Mussolini met Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 but did not have much enthusiasm in the establishment of fascism in Spain at that time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet; instead, they relied on \"Confucian instruments of tribute relations\" of heaping unlimited number of titles and gifts on Tibetan lamas through acts of diplomacy. Sperling states that the delicate relationship between the Ming and Tibet was \"the last time a united China had to deal with an independent Tibet,\" that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders, and that the ultimate goal of Ming foreign policy with Tibet was not subjugation but \"avoidance of any kind of Tibetan threat.\" P. Christiaan Klieger argues that the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas \"was designed to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes.\"", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 887, "question": "Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?", "answer": "the Mongols", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 875, "question": "Where were the #1 trying to raise?", "answer": "Ming China", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Ming dynasty" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of \"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of \"Talkin' Baseball\" (subtitled \"Baseball and the Cubs\") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "1903 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series to be played in Major League Baseball. It matched the Boston Americans of the American League against the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League in a best - of - nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cleveland Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field and are the defending American League champions. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with eight Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, and through 2016 is the fifth - longest in baseball history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8 -- 7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3 - 1 deficit to win a best - of - seven World Series, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. This was the second time and the first since 1948 where the World Series score was even.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "1947 NCAA Baseball Tournament", "paragraph_text": "The 1947 NCAA Baseball Tournament was the first NCAA - sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1947 NCAA baseball season, beginning on June 20. The 1947 College World Series was played at Hyames Field on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan from June 27 to June 28. The first tournament's champion was California, coached by Clint Evans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cleveland Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Little League World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 10 to 12 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 71 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wrigley Field", "paragraph_text": "In late 1915, Weeghman's Federal League folded. The resourceful Weeghman formed a syndicate including the chewing gum manufacturer William Wrigley Jr. to buy the Chicago Cubs from Charles P. Taft for about $500,000. Weeghman immediately moved the Cubs from the dilapidated West Side Grounds to his two - year - old park.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "St. Louis Cardinals", "paragraph_text": "One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "PONY Baseball and Softball", "paragraph_text": "PONY Baseball and Softball is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Washington, Pennsylvania. Started in 1951, PONY organizes youth baseball and softball leagues and tournaments, as over 500,000 players annually play PONY in over 4,000 leagues throughout the United States and over 40 countries world - wide. The televised Pony League World Series held annually in August at Washington's Lew Hays Pony Field attracts teenage teams from around the world. Membership is open to children and young adults from age 4 to 23 and the leagues are organized in two - year age brackets with ``an - under ''programs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Soldier Field", "paragraph_text": "Soldier Field was used as a site for many sporting events and exhibitions. The Chicago Cardinals used it as their home field for their final season in Chicago in 1959. A dozen years later in September 1971, the Chicago Bears moved in, originally with a three - year commitment. They previously played at Wrigley Field, best known as the home of the Chicago Cubs baseball team, but were forced to move to a larger venue due to post-AFL -- NFL merger policies requiring that stadium capacities seat over 50,000 spectators. They had intended to build a stadium in Arlington Heights. In 1978, the Bears and the Chicago Park District agreed to a 20 - year lease and renovation of the stadium. Both parties pooled their resources for the renovation. The playing surface was AstroTurf from 1971 through 1987, replaced with natural grass in 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The confusion may stem from the fact that Major League Baseball did decide that, should the Cubs make it to the World Series, the American League winner would have home field advantage unless the Cubs hosted home games at an alternate site since the Cubs home field of Wrigley Field did not yet have lights. Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox. Rather than hold any games in the cross town rival Sox Park, the Cubs made arrangements with the August A. Busch, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, to use Busch Stadium in St. Louis as the Cubs \"home field\" for the World Series. This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary. At the time home field advantage was rotated between each league. Odd numbered years the AL had home field advantage. Even numbered years the NL had home field advantage. In the 1982 World Series the St. Louis Cardinals of the NL had home field advantage. In the 1983 World Series the Baltimore Orioles of the AL had home field advantage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "All-American Girls Professional Baseball League", "paragraph_text": "The All - American Girls Professional Baseball League was a women's professional baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. Over 600 women played in the league. In 1948, league attendance peaked over 900,000 spectators in attendance. The Rockford Peaches won a league - best four championships while playing in the AAGPBL. For most of the league's history, manager Bill Allington coached different teams and led the league in career wins as a manager. The 1992 motion picture A League of Their Own tells a fictionalized account of the Rockford Peaches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the 112th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series, a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 2. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 72296, "question": "who won last year's baseball world series", "answer": "Cubs", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 66376, "question": "where did the #1 play before wrigley field", "answer": "West Side Grounds", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mike Ballou", "paragraph_text": "Mikell Randolph Ballou (born September 11, 1947 in Los Angeles, California) was a linebacker in the National Football League who played for the Boston Patriots in 1970. He attended Los Angeles High School, then Santa Monica College and finally the University of California - Los Angeles before being drafted by the Patriots in the third round, 56th overall, of the 1970 NFL Draft.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "University of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicago's curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences and commercial utility. With Harper's vision in mind, the University of Chicago also became one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, an international organization of leading research universities, in 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Economy of Malta", "paragraph_text": "During the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1815), Malta's economy prospered and became the focal point of a major trading system. In 1808, two thirds of the cargo consigned from Malta went to Levant and Egypt. Later, one half of the cargo was usually destined for Trieste. Cargo consisted of largely British and colonial-manufactured goods. Malta's economy became prosperous from this trade and many artisans, such as weavers, found new jobs in the port industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "History of the New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William ``Billy ''Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers, owned by Joseph Sullivan, were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL) on November 16, 1959. The following winter, locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team's official name. On February 20, 1960, Sullivan chose`` Boston Patriots'', which was suggested by 74 fans, among them Larry Kepnes. Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell developed the ``Pat Patriot ''logo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Patriot (American Revolution)", "paragraph_text": "Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation. Their rebellion was based on the political philosophy of republicanism, as expressed by spokesmen such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Thomas Paine. They were opposed by the Loyalists who instead supported continued British rule.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the \"Cruise Capital of the World\", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Massachusetts and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Henry Cavendish", "paragraph_text": "Cavendish died in 1810 (as one of the wealthiest men in Britain) and was buried, along with many of his ancestors, in the church that is now Derby Cathedral. The road he used to live on in Derby has been named after him. The University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory was endowed by one of Cavendish's later relatives, William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire (Chancellor of the University from 1861 to 1891).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of New England Patriots starting quarterbacks", "paragraph_text": "There have been 28 starting quarterbacks in the history of the franchise. The most starting quarterbacks the Patriots have had in one season is five quarterbacks, in 1987. Past quarterbacks for the Patriots include Patriots Hall of Fame inductees Babe Parilli, Steve Grogan, and Drew Bledsoe. Butch Songin became the first starting quarterback for the Patriots in 1960, when the franchise was first established. He was replaced by Tom Greene for the final two games of the season. Hall of Famer Parilli was the next starting quarterback for the Patriots, from 1961 to 1967. As of the 2017 season, New England's starting quarterback is Tom Brady, whom the Patriots selected in the 6th round (199th pick overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft. He is the only quarterback to have led the Patriots to a Super Bowl victory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Patriots Day (film)", "paragraph_text": "Principal photography began on March 29, 2016, in New York City, and also filmed in Boston, Los Angeles, New Orleans and Philadelphia. The film premiered on November 17, 2016, at the AFI Fest. Distributed by CBS Films and Lionsgate, Patriots Day was released in Boston, New York and Los Angeles on December 21, 2016, followed by a nationwide expansion on January 13, 2017. The film was a box office disappointment, grossing just $50 million worldwide against a production budget of $45 million, but it also received many positive reviews for Berg's direction and the performances of its cast, and was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2016.The title refers to Patriots' Day, the Massachusetts state holiday on which the Boston Marathon is held.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Patriotic Gore", "paragraph_text": "Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War is a 1962 book of historical and literary criticism written by Edmund Wilson. It consists of 26 chapters about the works and lives of almost 30 writers, including", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New England Patriots", "paragraph_text": "An original member of the American Football League (AFL), the Patriots joined the NFL in the 1970 merger of the two leagues. The team changed its name from the original Boston Patriots after relocating to Foxborough in 1971. The Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium from 1971 to 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season. The Patriots' rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "American Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Continental Army forced the British out of Boston in 1776, but the British captured and held New York City for the duration of the war. The British blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods, but they failed to defeat Washington's forces. The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76, but they captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in late 1777, and the French entered the war as allies of the United States as a result. The war later turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at South Carolina but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory. A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in 1781, effectively ending the war in the United States. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the conflict, confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Intolerable Acts", "paragraph_text": "The Intolerable Acts were the American Patriots' term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance of throwing a large tea shipment into Boston Harbor in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 6805, "question": "Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war?", "answer": "the American Revolution", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 83303, "question": "where did the patriots live during #1", "answer": "the Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "Thirteen Colonies" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus", "paragraph_text": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus was a politician and military leader in the early days of the Roman Republic. Twice, in the years 508 and 504 BC, he was elected Roman Consul, alongside Publius Valerius Poplicola. Also a military leader, he was victorious against Lars Porsena during his first consulate. According to Livy, he led the Roman army together with Valerius against the Sabines in 504 BC and both consuls were awarded the honour of a triumph, however the Fasti Triumphales only mention the triumph of Valerius, in May 504 BC.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cookville, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Cookville is an unincorporated community in eastern Titus County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 67 east of the city of Mount Pleasant, the county seat of Titus County. Its elevation is 433 feet (132 m). Although Cookville is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 75558, located at the junction of US 67 and Farm to Market Road 1000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lydia Yeamans Titus", "paragraph_text": "Lydia Yeamans Titus died in Los Angeles on 30 December 1929, aged 72, after suffering a paralytic stroke. Having been born at sea, she directed in her will that her remains be buried at sea. Accordingly, following her funeral services her ashes were scattered upon the waves of the Pacific Ocean along the Southern California Coast. Titus was widowed sometime before her death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Northern Ireland peace process", "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miss International 1999", "paragraph_text": "Miss International 1999, the 39th Miss International pageant, was held on 14 December 1999 at the U-Port Hall in Tokyo, Japan and hosted by Masumi Okada and Mari Christine. Paulina Gálvez of Colombia was crowned at the end of the event, becoming the second titleholder from her country to win Miss International.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Crate Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Crate Township is a township in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 247 at the 2000 census. Crate Township was named for Francis Lucretius \"Crate\" Beasley, an early settler.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Fox and the Child", "paragraph_text": "The film was shot on the Plateau de Retord in Ain, which the film director knows well because he spent his youth there, in the summer, as well as in the Abruzzo in Italy. The foxes in the film were played by six animals: Titus, Sally, Ziza, Scott, Tango and Pitchou. Titus was the fox who had been tamed by Marie - Noëlle Baroni. It died on March 17, 2008 at the advanced age of 12 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)", "paragraph_text": "The siege ended on August 30, 70 CE with the burning and destruction of its Second Temple, and the Romans entered and sacked the Lower City. The destruction of both the first and second temples is still mourned annually as the Jewish fast Tisha B'Av. The Arch of Titus, celebrating the Roman sack of Jerusalem and the Temple, still stands in Rome. The conquest of the city was complete on September 8, 70 CE.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Titus Andronicus (band)", "paragraph_text": "Titus Andronicus is an American punk/indie rock band formed in Glen Rock, New Jersey in 2005. The band is composed of singer/lyricist/guitarist Patrick Stickles, guitarist Liam Betson, bassist R.J. Gordon, and drummer Chris Wilson. The group takes its name from the Shakespeare play \"Titus Andronicus\", and has cited musical and stylistic influences such as Neutral Milk Hotel and Pulp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and operated canteens, salvage and recycling schemes. By the end of 1941, the WVS had one million members. Prior to the outbreak of war, civilians were issued with 50 million respirators (gas masks). These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Reconstruction era", "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history. The term has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War; the second, to the attempted transformation of the 11 ex-Confederate states from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate nationalism and ended slavery, making the newly free slaves citizens with civil rights apparently guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments. Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Errol Nolan", "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Albano Carrisi", "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)", "paragraph_text": "Overlooking the Temple compound, the fortress provided a perfect point from which to attack the Temple itself. Battering rams made little progress, but the fighting itself eventually set the walls on fire; a Roman soldier threw a burning stick onto one of the Temple's walls. Destroying the Temple was not among Titus' goals, possibly due in large part to the massive expansions done by Herod the Great mere decades earlier. Titus had wanted to seize it and transform it into a temple dedicated to the Roman Emperor and the Roman pantheon. The fire spread quickly and was soon out of control. The Temple was captured and destroyed on 9 / 10 Tisha B'Av, at the end of August, and the flames spread into the residential sections of the city. Josephus described the scene:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Epcot International Food & Wine Festival", "paragraph_text": "Epcot International Food & Wine Festival Begins August 31, 2017 Ends November 13, 2017 Frequency Yearly Venue Epcot Location (s) Bay Lake, Florida Country United States Inaugurated 1995 Activity Wine, Food Tasting, Social Events Sponsor Chase Website Official website", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Marcia Furnilla", "paragraph_text": "Marcia Furnilla was born and raised in Rome. She married Titus, widowed from his first marriage, in 63. The marriage between Titus and Furnilla was an arranged one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Titus, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Titus is an unincorporated community in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. Titus is north-northwest of Wetumpka. Titus has a post office with ZIP code 36080.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 704691, "question": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 34576, "question": "What do most consider to be the event that ended #1 ?", "answer": "Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "Roman Senate" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Premier League", "paragraph_text": "In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": ".cz", "paragraph_text": ".cz is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Czech Republic. It is administered by CZ.NIC. Registrations must be ordered via accredited domain name registrars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Country Must Be Country Wide", "paragraph_text": "\"Country Must Be Country Wide\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country rock singer Brantley Gilbert. It was released in April 2011 as the first single from the deluxe edition of his 2010 album \"Halfway to Heaven\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Childbirth", "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Je vecht nooit alleen", "paragraph_text": "\"Je vecht nooit alleen\", (\"You never fight alone\") is a song by the Dutch band 3JS. The English version, Never alone, was the Dutch entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany. 3JS were internally selected by Dutch broadcaster TROS to represent their country. At the national final \"Nationaal Songfestival 2011\" they sang 5 songs. \"Je vecht nooit alleen\" was the favourite of both the professional jury and the televoters. The song was performed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 semi-final at 12 May 2011 but failed to place in final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right", "paragraph_text": "``Must Be Doin 'Somethin' Right ''is a song written by Marty Dodson and Patrick Jason Matthews, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in May 2005 as the first single from Currington's album Doin 'Somethin' Right. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Daddy Sang Bass", "paragraph_text": "\"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tom Gray", "paragraph_text": "Tom Gray (born February 1, 1941 in Chicago, Illinois) is a bluegrass musician widely considered one of the best bass players in the genre. He is probably best known for his bass playing with The Country Gentlemen and The Seldom Scene. In 1996, as a member of The Country Gentlemen, he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land, sea and air. She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. Throughout her reign, the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth; she is the most widely travelled head of state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Countries of the United Kingdom by population", "paragraph_text": "The population of the countries and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year. The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Brantley Gilbert", "paragraph_text": "Brantley Keith Gilbert (born January 20, 1985) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer from Jefferson, Georgia. He was originally signed to Colt Ford's label, Average Joes Entertainment, where he released \"Modern Day Prodigal Son\" and \"Halfway to Heaven\". He is now signed to the Valory division of Big Machine Records where he has released three studio albums—a deluxe edition of \"Halfway to Heaven\", \"Just as I Am\", \"The Devil Don't Sleep\", and 11 country chart entries, four of which have gone to number one. He also wrote Jason Aldean's singles \"My Kinda Party\" and \"Dirt Road Anthem\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wide Country (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Wide Country was an American Western television series that aired on NBC from September 20, 1962 to April 25, 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom", "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Economic inequality", "paragraph_text": "British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women's status, social mobility, even numbers of patents issued) in countries and states with higher inequality. Using statistics from 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels of equality, than in countries (US and UK) and states (Mississippi and New York) with large differences in household income.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Birth control movement in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Treaty Clause", "paragraph_text": "Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, includes the Treaty Clause, which empowers the president of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements, which must be confirmed by the Senate, between the United States and other countries, which become treaties between the United States and other countries after the advice and consent of a supermajority of the United States Senate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ty Herndon discography", "paragraph_text": "Ty Herndon is an American country music artist. His discography consists of six studio albums and 20 singles. Of his singles, three reached number 1 on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"What Mattered Most\", \"Living in a Moment\", and \"It Must Be Love\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Rainer Rauffmann", "paragraph_text": "After having played mainly for modest clubs in his country of birth, Germany, he revived his career in Cyprus where he played with success for Omonia, eventually representing the Cypriot national team despite having already reached his 30s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sonja Lumme", "paragraph_text": "Sonja Lumme (born 6 October 1961, in Kristinestad) is a singer in Finland who represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which she sang Eläköön elämä. She got 58 points and came 9th place overall. Lumme made further attempts to represent Finland, participating in the 1988 Finnish final and in 1989, she came fifth with \"Rakkauden Laulut\". Her final attempt was in 1992 with the song \"Rakkauden bulevardi\" which came third.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 143647, "question": "Who sang or played Country Must Be Country Wide?", "answer": "Brantley Gilbert", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 576190, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Jefferson", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "Jefferson, Georgia" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Christopher Dow (author)", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Dow (born June 17, 1950) is an American writer. He is the author of three volumes of poetry, four novels, a collection of essays and a theoretical book on the martial art of t'ai chi ch'uan. A practitioner of t'ai chi for more than 30 years, Dow has written articles on these subjects that have appeared in \"Tai Chi Magazine\", \"Inside Kung Fu\" and \"Yoga Journal\". He also wrote, directed and produced several video productions, including a documentary series on the first nationally sanctioned kung fu tournament in the United States, the U.S. National Chinese Martial Arts Competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Run (cricket)", "paragraph_text": "Scoring runs is the subject of Law 18 in the Laws of Cricket. Boundaries are covered in Law 19. How the Batsman makes his ground is Law 30.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Llama", "paragraph_text": "Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of North America about 40 million years ago. They migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000 -- 12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America. As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America, and due to importation from South America in the late 20th century, there are now over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas in the United States and Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Woolly mammoth", "paragraph_text": "Most woolly mammoth populations disappeared during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, alongside most of the Pleistocene megafauna (including the Columbian mammoth). This extinction formed part of the Quaternary extinction event, which began 40,000 years ago and peaked between 14,000 and 11,500 years ago. Scientists are divided over whether hunting or climate change, which led to the shrinkage of its habitat, was the main factor that contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoth, or whether it was due to a combination of the two. Whatever the cause, large mammals are generally more vulnerable than smaller ones due to their smaller population size and low reproduction rates. Different woolly mammoth populations did not die out simultaneously across their range, but gradually became extinct over time. Most populations disappeared between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago. The last mainland population existed in the Kyttyk Peninsula of Siberia 9,650 years ago. A small population of woolly mammoths survived on St. Paul Island, Alaska, well into the Holocene with the most recently published date of extinction being 5,600 years B.P. The last known population remained on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean until 4,000 years ago, well into the start of human civilization and concurrent with the construction of the Great Pyramid of ancient Egypt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Four Chords & Several Years Ago", "paragraph_text": "Four Chords & Several Years Ago is the seventh album by American rock band Huey Lewis and the News, released in 1994. The title is a play on the first sentence in Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (\"Four score and seven years ago ...\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hunter-gatherer", "paragraph_text": "Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The arts", "paragraph_text": "The arts have also been classified as seven: Literature, painting, sculpture, and music comprise the main four arts, of which the other three are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through motion, and song is music with literature and voice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Marshall Monroe Kirkman", "paragraph_text": "Marshall Monroe Kirkman (July 10, 1842 – April 17, 1921) was an American authority on railways, who wrote extensively on the subject of railways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Robert Siegel (author)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Harold Siegel (born 18 August 1939 in Oak Park, Illinois; died 20 December 2012 in South Berwick, Maine) was an American poet and novelist. He wrote four books of poetry and five children's novels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "A Year Ago in Winter", "paragraph_text": "A Year Ago in Winter () is a 2008 German drama film directed by Caroline Link. It is based on the novel \"Aftermath\" by American author Scott Campbell, tellings the story of a \"complicated family situation\". The painting featured in the film was made by the Munich artist Florian Sussmayr. The film score is composed by Niki Reiser.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "A Valley Grows Up", "paragraph_text": "A Valley Grows Up is a history book for children, written and illustrated by Edward Osmond and published by Oxford University Press in 1953. It features an imaginary English valley over the course of seven thousand years, from 5000 BCE to 1900. Osmond won the annual Carnegie Medal, recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject. In more than seventy years only a handful of nonfiction books have been so honoured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lincoln (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Set during the American Civil War, the novel describes the presidency of Abraham Lincoln through the eyes of several historical figures, including presidential secretary John Hay, First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln, Secretary of State William H. Seward, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase, his daughter Kate Chase, U.S. Representative Elihu B. Washburne, and conspirators John Wilkes Booth and David Herold.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Irving Singer", "paragraph_text": "Irving Singer (December 24, 1925 – February 1, 2015) was an American professor of philosophy who was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for 55 years and wrote over 20 books. He was the author of books on various topics, including cinema, love, sexuality, and the philosophy of George Santayana. He also wrote on the subject of film, including writings about the work of film directors Ingmar Bergman, Alfred Hitchcock,", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board", "paragraph_text": "Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board Official logo Acronym JAMB Type Computer - Based Test Knowledge / skills tested Academic performance in selected subjects. Purpose Admission into tertiary institution. Year started 1978 (1978) Duration 2 hours. Score / grade range 0 to 400 Score / grade validity 1 year Offered Once in a year Countries / regions Nigeria Languages English Annual number of test takers More than one million Prerequisites / eligibility criteria SSCE results or awaiting SSCE results. Scores / grades used by Over 500 universities, agencies and other institutions in Nigeria. Website www.jamb.org.ng", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bojan Krkić", "paragraph_text": "Bojan began his career at Barcelona after progressing through the youth ranks at La Masia. His early promise saw him make his first-team debut at the age of 17 years and 19 days, breaking the record set by Lionel Messi. In his debut season, he scored 12 goals in 48 matches. In total, he spent four seasons at Camp Nou, scoring 41 goals in 162 games before he was sold in July 2011 to Italian side Roma for a fee of €12 million. While in Rome, he scored seven goals in 37 appearances in 2011–12 and then spent the 2012–13 on loan at Milan, where he scored three goals in 27 games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Evolution of fungi", "paragraph_text": "The evolution of fungi has been going on since fungi diverged from other life around 1.5 billion years ago, (Wang et al., 1999) with the glomaleans branching from the ``higher fungi ''at ~ 570 million years ago, according to DNA analysis. (Schüssler et al., 2001; Tehler et al., 2000) Fungi probably colonized the land during the Cambrian, over 500 million years ago, (Taylor & Osborn, 1996) but terrestrial fossils only become uncontroversial and common during the Devonian, 400 million years ago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Flowering plant", "paragraph_text": "The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appears in the fossil record, occurred in the mid-Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years ago). However, a study in 2007 estimated that the division of the five most recent (the genus Ceratophyllum, the family Chloranthaceae, the eudicots, the magnoliids, and the monocots) of the eight main groups occurred around 140 million years ago. By the late Cretaceous, angiosperms appear to have dominated environments formerly occupied by ferns and cycadophytes, but large canopy-forming trees replaced conifers as the dominant trees only close to the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago or even later, at the beginning of the Tertiary. The radiation of herbaceous angiosperms occurred much later. Yet, many fossil plants recognizable as belonging to modern families (including beech, oak, maple, and magnolia) had already appeared by the late Cretaceous.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gettysburg Address", "paragraph_text": "Beginning with the now - iconic phrase ``Four score and seven years ago ''-- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence. In the context of the Civil War, Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners (and the nation) to ensure the survival of America's representative democracy: that`` government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.''", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "The Independent State of Samoa ( Samoan: Malo Sa 'oloto Tuto 'atasi o Sāmoa, IPA: [ˌsaːˈmoa]), commonly known as Samoa (Samoan: Sāmoa) and formerly known as Western Samoa, is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique language and cultural identity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Bölme", "paragraph_text": "Bölme is a belde (town) in the central district of Uşak Province, Turkey. At it is just south west of Uşak. The population of Bölme is 3015 as of 2011. The settlement was founded about 200 years ago and it was declared a seat of township in 1999. The main economic activity is dairying. Cereal agriculture is another activity.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 74057, "question": "who wrote four score and seven years ago", "answer": "Lincoln", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 709978, "question": "#1 >> main subject", "answer": "American Civil War", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "Civil War", "The Civil War" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "International Museum Day", "paragraph_text": "International Museum Day (IMD) is an international day a celebration that held every year on or around 18 May, coordinated by the International Council of Museums (ICOM). The event highlights a specific theme that changes every year and that is at the heart of the international museum community's preoccupations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sapporo Beer Museum", "paragraph_text": "The is a museum located in the Sapporo Garden Park in Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. Registered as one of the Hokkaidō Heritage sites in 2004, the museum is the only beer museum in Japan. The red-brick building was erected originally as a factory of the Sapporo Sugar Company in 1890, and later opened as a museum in July 1987. The building also houses the Sapporo Beer Garden in the south wing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Economy of Malta", "paragraph_text": "During the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1815), Malta's economy prospered and became the focal point of a major trading system. In 1808, two thirds of the cargo consigned from Malta went to Levant and Egypt. Later, one half of the cargo was usually destined for Trieste. Cargo consisted of largely British and colonial-manufactured goods. Malta's economy became prosperous from this trade and many artisans, such as weavers, found new jobs in the port industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Leon Stolzenberg", "paragraph_text": "Leon Stolzenberg (18 October 1895 – 25 October 1974) was an American chess player. Stolzenberg had been a medic in the hospital at Tarnopol in World War I. Entering the United States after the war, he became one of the leading national and international correspondence chess players. He was several times Michigan state chess champion, and won the U.S. Open Chess Championship (at that time called the Western Chess Association Tournament) in 1926 and 1928.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of current Major League Baseball stadiums", "paragraph_text": "The newest MLB stadium is SunTrust Park in Cumberland, Georgia, home of the Atlanta Braves, which opened for the 2017 season. Fenway Park in Boston, home of the Boston Red Sox, is the oldest, having opened in 1912.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the \"Cruise Capital of the World\", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Emil Otto Grundmann", "paragraph_text": "Professor Emil Otto Grundmann (1844 in Meissen – 27 August 1890 in Dresden), was a German painter who studied in Antwerp under Baron Hendrik Leys, and in Düsseldorf before moving to America where he became a noted painter. He was the first Director of the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, an appointment in which Francis Davis Millet, an old Antwerp friend, was instrumental. One of his colleagues at the Museum was Joseph DeCamp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy. The city is a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "University of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicago's curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences and commercial utility. With Harper's vision in mind, the University of Chicago also became one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, an international organization of leading research universities, in 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "During the First Opium War, the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade. Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Taiping Rebellion, which resulted in a considerable loss of life in the province. In 1876, Wenzhou became Zhejiang's second treaty port.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Carrière Wellington", "paragraph_text": "The Carrière Wellington is a museum in Arras, northern France. It is named after a former underground quarry which was part of a network of tunnels used by forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth during the First World War. Opened in March 2008, the museum commemorates the soldiers who built the tunnels and fought in the Battle of Arras in 1917.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Guggenheim Museum Bilbao", "paragraph_text": "The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian - American architect Frank Gehry, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. The museum was inaugurated on 18 October 1997 by King Juan Carlos I of Spain. Built alongside the Nervion River, which runs through the city of Bilbao to the Cantabrian Sea, it is one of several museums belonging to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and features permanent and visiting exhibits of works by Spanish and international artists. It is one of the largest museums in Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Nexon Computer Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Nexon Computer Museum is a museum on Jeju Island, South Korea. It opened on July 27, 2013. It is known as one of the first permanent museum in Korea that is dedicated for the history of computer and video games. In 2017, the museum houses 6,900 items including personal computers, video game consoles, arcades, and software. The museum's supporters include institutions such as Computerspielemuseum Berlin and International Center for the History of Electronic Games, and IT companies such as Nexon, Softmax, Gamevil, Oculus VR, Thalmic Labs, Take-Two Interactive, Sony Computer Entertainment, and etc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huronia Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Huronia Museum is located in Midland, Ontario, Canada. The museum consists of the museum building (housing collections and art gallery) and the Huron/Ouendat (Wendat) village (palisade and longhouse). The museum is open year-round and has nearly one million objects and receives some 20,000 visitors each year. The collections include artifacts pertaining to native history and maritime history. The museum provides educational programmes for schools and adults.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. The Institute of Contemporary Art is housed in a contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts Boston campus on Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Museum of the American Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Museum of the American Revolution (formerly The American Revolution Center) is a Philadelphia museum dedicated to telling the story of the American Revolution. The museum was opened to the public on April 19, 2017, the anniversary of the first battle of the war, Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 6805, "question": "Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war?", "answer": "the American Revolution", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 77289, "question": "when did the museum of #1 open", "answer": "April 19, 2017", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "World population", "paragraph_text": "Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long - standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the mortality rate in many countries by improved sanitation and medical advances, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the Green Revolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The World's Greatest Sinner", "paragraph_text": "The World's Greatest Sinner is a 1962 American drama film written, directed, and produced by, and starring Timothy Carey. Narrated by voice actor Paul Frees, the film focuses on a frustrated atheist named Clarence Hilliard (later God Hilliard) who rises from an insurance salesman to a powerful figure, but faces consequences from the real God of the Bible, as he alienates his family and friends with his increasing egomania and dictator-like presence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "In the Regal era, a rex sacrorum (king of the sacred rites) supervised regal and state rites in conjunction with the king (rex) or in his absence, and announced the public festivals. He had little or no civil authority. With the abolition of monarchy, the collegial power and influence of the Republican pontifices increased. By the late Republican era, the flamines were supervised by the pontifical collegia. The rex sacrorum had become a relatively obscure priesthood with an entirely symbolic title: his religious duties still included the daily, ritual announcement of festivals and priestly duties within two or three of the latter but his most important priestly role – the supervision of the Vestals and their rites – fell to the more politically powerful and influential pontifex maximus.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Titus Andronicus (band)", "paragraph_text": "Titus Andronicus is an American punk/indie rock band formed in Glen Rock, New Jersey in 2005. The band is composed of singer/lyricist/guitarist Patrick Stickles, guitarist Liam Betson, bassist R.J. Gordon, and drummer Chris Wilson. The group takes its name from the Shakespeare play \"Titus Andronicus\", and has cited musical and stylistic influences such as Neutral Milk Hotel and Pulp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus", "paragraph_text": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus was a politician and military leader in the early days of the Roman Republic. Twice, in the years 508 and 504 BC, he was elected Roman Consul, alongside Publius Valerius Poplicola. Also a military leader, he was victorious against Lars Porsena during his first consulate. According to Livy, he led the Roman army together with Valerius against the Sabines in 504 BC and both consuls were awarded the honour of a triumph, however the Fasti Triumphales only mention the triumph of Valerius, in May 504 BC.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Brasse Vannie Kaap", "paragraph_text": "Brasse Vannie Kaap (BVK) was a hip-hop group that hailed from the Cape Flats in Cape Town, South Africa. They rapped in predominantly in the Cape Flats dialect of Afrikaans. The original line-up included Deon Daniels (Boeta-D), Roger Heunis (Hamma), Ashley Titus (Mr Fat) and Enver Pietersen (DJ E20). Bboys Cheeze, Baby-L and Levi joined the group soon after they started to perform live.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Relaxin", "paragraph_text": "In females, relaxin is produced mainly by the corpus luteum, in both pregnant and nonpregnant females; it rises to a peak within approximately 14 days of ovulation, and then declines in the absence of pregnancy, resulting in menstruation). During the first trimester of pregnancy, levels rise and additional relaxin is produced by the decidua. Relaxin's peak is reached during the 14 weeks of the first trimester and at delivery. It is known to mediate the hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy, such as increased cardiac output, increased renal blood flow, and increased arterial compliance. It also relaxes other pelvic ligaments. It is believed to soften the pubic symphysis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Renunciation of citizenship", "paragraph_text": "Renunciation of U.S. citizenship was free until July 2010, at which time a fee of $450 was established. An increase to $2,350, effective September 12, 2014, was justified as ``reflective of the true cost ''of processing. This followed a fee increase of approximately 220% in 2013. The increase took effect in January 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Citizenship Clause", "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Industrial Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Economy of Greece", "paragraph_text": "In 2008 renewable energy accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption, a rise from the 7.2% it accounted for in 2006, but still below the EU average of 10% in 2008. 10% of the country's renewable energy comes from solar power, while most comes from biomass and waste recycling. In line with the European Commission's Directive on Renewable Energy, Greece aims to get 18% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. In 2013 and for several months, Greece produced more than 20% of its electricity from renewable energy sources and hydroelectric power plants. Greece currently does not have any nuclear power plants in operation, however in 2009 the Academy of Athens suggested that research in the possibility of Greek nuclear power plants begin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Across the Sea (Lost)", "paragraph_text": "The episode, unlike most Lost episodes, does not divide its time between two different time settings, but takes place entirely in the past, except for a brief scene at the end from the season one episode ``House of the Rising Sun. ''It depicts the origins of the characters of Jacob (Mark Pellegrino) and his brother, The Man in Black (Titus Welliver), and how they came to be on the island. It also reveals the identities of the corpses discovered in the cave in`` House of the Rising Sun.'' None of the series regulars appear in the episode, except in the flashback sequence, making it the only episode of the series in which this occurs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Crate Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Crate Township is a township in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 247 at the 2000 census. Crate Township was named for Francis Lucretius \"Crate\" Beasley, an early settler.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism. The modern nation state, in its consolidation of public power, created by counterpoint a private realm of society independent of the state, which allowed for the public sphere. Capitalism also increased society's autonomy and self-awareness, and an increasing need for the exchange of information. As the nascent public sphere expanded, it embraced a large variety of institutions; the most commonly cited were coffee houses and cafés, salons and the literary public sphere, figuratively localized in the Republic of Letters. In France, the creation of the public sphere was helped by the aristocracy's move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris in about 1720, since their rich spending stimulated the trade in luxuries and artistic creations, especially fine paintings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Type 2 diabetes", "paragraph_text": "Globally as of 2015 it was estimated that there were 392 million people with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of diabetes cases. This is equivalent to about 6% of the world's population. Diabetes is common both in the developed and the developing world. It remains uncommon, however, in the least developed countries.Women seem to be at a greater risk as do certain ethnic groups, such as South Asians, Pacific Islanders, Latinos, and Native Americans. This may be due to enhanced sensitivity to a Western lifestyle in certain ethnic groups. Traditionally considered a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in children in parallel with rising obesity rates. Type 2 diabetes is now diagnosed as frequently as type 1 diabetes in teenagers in the United States.Rates of diabetes in 1985 were estimated at 30 million, increasing to 135 million in 1995 and 217 million in 2005. This increase is believed to be primarily due to the global population aging, a decrease in exercise, and increasing rates of obesity. The five countries with the greatest number of people with diabetes as of 2000 are India having 31.7 million, China 20.8 million, the United States 17.7 million, Indonesia 8.4 million, and Japan 6.8 million. It is recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered \"Untermenschen\" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to \"permanent mastery of the world\", though he stated that they would \"walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us.\" The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Titus, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Titus is an unincorporated community in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. Titus is north-northwest of Wetumpka. Titus has a post office with ZIP code 36080.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 704691, "question": "Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 37437, "question": "What group's power increased after the rise of #1 ?", "answer": "Republican pontifices", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Smart Guy", "paragraph_text": "Smart Guy is an American sitcom centering on the exploits of child genius T.J. Henderson (Tahj Mowry), who moves from being an elementary school student in the fourth grade to a high school student in the tenth grade, attending the same school as his two elder siblings Yvette and Marcus. Created by Danny Kallis, the series ran for three seasons on The WB from April 2, 1997 to May 16, 1999. The series was produced by de Passe Entertainment and Danny Kallis Productions, in association with Walt Disney Television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Southern Desert Regional Police Academy", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Desert Regional Police Academy (SDRPA) is a regional / combination academy staffed and attended by over 15 different law enforcement agencies in the state of Nevada. The SDRPA is housed at the College of Southern Nevada's Henderson Campus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Burning Man", "paragraph_text": "Burning Man is organized by the Burning Man Project, a non-profit organization that, in 2014, succeeded a for - profit limited liability company (Black Rock City, LLC) that was formed in 1997 to represent the event's organizers, and is now considered a subsidiary of the non-profit organization. In 2010, 51,515 people attended Burning Man. Attendance in 2011 was capped at 50,000 participants and the event sold out on July 24; the attendance rose to 70,000 in 2015. Smaller regional events inspired by the principles of Burning Man have been held internationally; some of these events are also officially endorsed by the Burning Man Project as regional branches of the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Centre Daily Times", "paragraph_text": "The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Euroa Secondary College", "paragraph_text": "Euroa Secondary College is a year 7 to 12 co-educational, state-run secondary college located in the Victorian north-eastern town of Euroa, Victoria in Australia. Euroa Secondary College is the only secondary college located in the local government area, the Shire of Strathbogie, and thus takes in students from a wide-spanning area including Nagambie, Violet Town, Ruffy, Avenel and Strathbogie. A school bus service provides transport for many students in outlying areas. It has an estimated enrolment of approximately 350 students in 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gene Hiser", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Middletown High School North", "paragraph_text": "Middletown High School North, home of the Lions, is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in Middletown Township, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as one of the two secondary schools of the Middletown Township Public School District. Other students from Middletown Township attend Middletown High School South. The school also houses a 750-seat theater. Approximately 90% of North students attend college after graduation. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1936.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Danny Manning", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Ricardo Manning (born May 17, 1966) is an American college basketball coach and retired National Basketball Association player. He is the current men's head coach at Wake Forest. After retiring from professional basketball Manning became an assistant coach at his alma mater, the University of Kansas. He won the national championship with the Jayhawks in 1988 as a player, and again on the coaching staff in 2008. He is the all - time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points; the closest player to his point total, Nick Collison, is 854 points behind.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "At Middleton", "paragraph_text": "At Middleton is a 2013 American romantic comedy film directed by Adam Rodgers and starring Andy García, Vera Farmiga, Taissa Farmiga, and Spencer Lofranco. Written by Glenn German and Adam Rodgers, the film follows a man and a woman as they meet and fall in love while taking their children on a college tour. The film had its world premiere at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 17, 2013. It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on January 31, 2014 by Anchor Bay Films.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic drama film directed by Josh Boone, based on the novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, and Nat Wolff, with Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen - year - old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls in love with Augustus Waters, another cancer patient, played by Elgort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Aquille Carr", "paragraph_text": "Aquille Carr (born September 28, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Baltimore Hawks of the American Basketball Association (ABA). He attended Princeton Day Academy in Lanham, Maryland and was a highly scouted prospect for the 2013 college recruiting class. In January 2012, Carr announced his commitment to the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team for the 2013–14 season. In March 2013, he instead announced that he was skipping college to play overseas, but ultimately stayed in the United States to play with the Delaware 87ers of the NBA Development League. Carr declared for the 2014 NBA draft, but was not selected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mike Nicolette", "paragraph_text": "Nicolette was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida and was a member of the golf team. While a student at Rollins, he won the 1976 NCAA Division II Men's Golf Championship. He turned pro in 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "WFNP", "paragraph_text": "WFNP is a college radio station licensed to Rosendale, New York run by students attending the State University of New York at New Paltz, broadcasting on 88.7 MHz at 6 kilowatts ERP from the Illinois Mountain tower in Lloyd, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their \"bright college years,\" though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with \"bubble pipes\". (\"Bright College Years,\" the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so. In the second half of the 20th century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009, 2011, and 2014, but its future remains uncertain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Harriet Spicer", "paragraph_text": "She lived in Chelsea prior to attending Lillsden School for Girls and then Benenden School. In 1968 she spent some time working for Richard Branson's \"Student\" magazine. She went on to graduate from St Anne's College, Oxford University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Private school", "paragraph_text": "Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance. These schools are typically viewed as 'elite schools'. Many of the 'grammar schools' also fall in this category. They are usually expensive schools that tend to be up-market and traditional in style, some Catholic schools fall into this category as well, e.g. St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, St Aloysius' College (Sydney) and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, as well as Loreto Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College, St Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Bad Asses", "paragraph_text": "Bad Asses (also known as Bad Ass 2: Bad Asses) is a 2014 American action film starring Danny Trejo and Danny Glover, written and directed by Craig Moss. The film is a sequel to the 2012 film \"Bad Ass\", and was released on DVD during spring 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Falls High School", "paragraph_text": "Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Imperial College London", "paragraph_text": "Imperial College TV\nICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room. A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972. Besides the news, early productions included a film of the Queen opening what was then called College Block and interview programmes with DJ Mike Raven, Richard O'Brian and Monty Python producer Ian MacNaughton. The society was renamed to ICTV for the start of the 2014/15 academic year.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62735, "question": "who did danny manning play for in college", "answer": "the University of Kansas", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 7606, "question": "How many students attended #1 combined in fall of 2014?", "answer": "26,968", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy is a law review run by students at the Columbus School of Law (The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.). It was established in 1985 by George P. Smith II and is published semi-annually. The journal covers health-related issues, including legal analysis of recent trends in modern health care, issues involving the relationship of the life sciences to the social sciences and humanities, bioethics, and ethical, economic, philosophical and social aspects of medical practice and the delivery of health care systems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Luc E. Weber", "paragraph_text": "Luc E. Weber received a PhD in Economics and Business from the University of Lausanne. From 1975 to 2008, he was Professor of Public Economics at the University of Geneva. He has also taught at his alma mater, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Fribourg. From 1977 to 1980, he was a member of the Swiss Council of Economic Advisers. He has also served as Vice-Rector, then Rector of the university, and Chairman and Consul for international affairs of the Swiss University Rectors’ Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Henri Guisan", "paragraph_text": "Henri Guisan (; 21 October 1874 – 7 April 1960) was a Swiss army officer who held the office of the General of the Swiss Armed Forces during the Second World War. He was the fourth and the most recent man to be appointed to the rarely used Swiss rank of General, and was possibly Switzerland's most famous soldier. He is best remembered for effectively mobilizing the Swiss Armed Forces and Swiss people in order to prepare resistance against a possible invasion by Nazi Germany in 1940. Guisan was voted the fourth-greatest Swiss figure of all time in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Allan Weickert", "paragraph_text": "Allan Weickert (born in Tiffin, Ohio) is an American professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He has recently returned to fighting from a two-year leave from knee surgery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland joined the Council of Europe in 1963. In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura. On 18 April 1999 the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution.In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referendums on the EU issue; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application has been withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Conformity", "paragraph_text": "Although conformity pressures generally increase as the size of the majority increases, a meta - analysis suggests that conformity pressures in Asch's experiment peak once the majority reaches about four or five in number. Moreover, a study suggests that the effects of group size depend on the type of social influence operating. This means that in situations where the group is clearly wrong, conformity will be motivated by normative influence; the participants will conform in order to be accepted by the group. A participant may not feel much pressure to conform when the first person gives an incorrect response. However, conformity pressure will increase as each additional group member also gives the same incorrect response.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Panzer 68", "paragraph_text": "In 1968 (hence the name) the Swiss parliament decided to buy 170 vehicles. Deliveries of the Panzer 68 started in 1971. In 1977 a second batch was manufactured. In the years between 1978 and 1983, a third and fourth batch followed. The last two lots were called either AA3 and AA4 or Panzer 68/75. The most important change was the introduction of a bigger turret.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Canadian Ballet Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Ballet Festival was an annual event staged in Canada from 1948 to 1954 that brought together various Canadian dance companies to generate public interest in classical dance. Prior to the festivals, it was difficult for professional Canadian dancers to earn a living by practicing their art in their own country. When the festivals ended in 1954 after six years, Canadian dancers were able to find paid work in Canadian television practicing their art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "George R. Robbins", "paragraph_text": "After leaving Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession. He died in Hamilton Square on February 22, 1875, and was interred in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Swiss Tour", "paragraph_text": "Swiss Tour (or Four Days Leave) is a 1950 American-Swiss drama film directed by Leopold Lindtberg and starring Cornel Wilde, Josette Day and Simone Signoret. It marked the film debut of Liselotte Pulver who went on to be a major star of German cinema during the following decade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sister Wife", "paragraph_text": "Sister Wife is a 2000 documentary that follows the African Hebrew Israelites, an African American community that immigrated to Israel and practices polygyny. The men can have up to seven wives. The film follows a couple that has been married for 21 years as they decide to take on another wife.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Longdi pabram", "paragraph_text": "Longdi pabram is a village in Tamenglong district of Manipur state of India. It has a long history of being affected by insurgency. The village has been in national news in recent years for the efforts of an Indian Army officer, DPK Pillay, who has brought development and relief works at the doorsteps of the village.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sustainable development", "paragraph_text": "While the modern concept of sustainable development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report, it is also rooted in earlier ideas about sustainable forest management and twentieth century environmental concerns. As the concept developed, it has shifted to focus more on economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations. It has been suggested that ``the term 'sustainability' should be viewed as humanity's target goal of human - ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while 'sustainable development' refers to the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the end point of sustainability ''. The modern economies are endeavouring to reconcile ambitious economic development and obligations of preserving the natural resources and ecosystem, the two are traditionally seen as of conflicting nature. Instead of holding climate change commitments and other sustainability measures as a drug to economic development, turning and leveraging them into market opportunities will do greater good. The economic development brought by such organized principles and practices in an economy is called Managed Sustainable Development (MSD).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession negotiations with the EU. In recent years, the Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with those of the EU in many ways, in an effort to enhance their international competitiveness. The economy grew at 3% in 2010, 1.9% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of some in the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this supported by the conservative SVP party. The western French-speaking areas and the urban regions of the rest of the country tend to be more pro-EU, however with far from any significant share of the population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Great Depression in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Depression caused major political changes in America. Three years into the depression, President Herbert Hoover, widely blamed for not doing enough to combat the crisis, lost the election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a landslide. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan, the New Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery and reform, and brought about a major realignment of American politics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Brexit", "paragraph_text": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or \"Schwingen\". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Non-conforming mortgage", "paragraph_text": "A non-conforming mortgage is a term in the United States for a residential mortgage that does not conform to the loan purchasing guidelines set by the Federal National Mortgage Association /Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Mortgages which are non-conforming because they have a dollar amount over the purchasing limit set by FNMA/FHLMC are often called \"jumbo\" mortgages. Mortgages which are non-conforming because they do not meet FNMA/FHLMC underwriting guidelines (such as credit quality or loan-to-value ratio) are sometimes mistakenly called \"subprime\" mortgages. Non-conforming loans must remain in a lender's portfolio, or be sold to other companies who purchase non-conforming loans, or be securitized, with the securities being sold to investors seeking non-conforming mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, a premium is paid by those obtaining non-conforming mortgages, generally .25 or .5 points more than the same loan would cost if it were conforming. The loan amount is adjusted every few years depending upon the average sales price of homes in the U.S.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22408, "question": "In recent years, what have the Swiss brought their economic practices into conformity with?", "answer": "the EU", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 92923, "question": "when did we decide to leave the #1", "answer": "23 June 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men's basketball team is the men's basketball team that represents Coastal Carolina University in Conway, South Carolina, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Sun Belt Conference. Tony Dunkin, a former Chanticleer, is the only men's basketball player in NCAA Division I history to be named the conference player of the year all four seasons he played.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "SEC Men's Basketball Tournament", "paragraph_text": "SEC Men's Basketball Tournament Conference Basketball Championship SEC logo Sport College basketball Conference Southeastern Conference Number of teams 14 Format Single - elimination tournament Current stadium Rotates (Scottrade Center in 2018) Current location Rotates (St. Louis, Missouri in 2018) Played 1933 -- 34, 1936 -- 1952, 1979 -- present Last contest 2018 Current champion Kentucky Wildcats Most championships Kentucky Wildcats (31) TV partner (s) ESPN / SEC Network Official website SECSports.com Men's Basketball", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Andre Brown (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Andre Devon Brown (born May 12, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for DePaul University and went on to play professionally in Europe, Asia, South America, Australia, and in the National Basketball Association and the NBA Development League. He is also a former two-year member of the USA Basketball World Youth Games team that won a gold medal 1998 and a bronze medal in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Jamario Moon", "paragraph_text": "Jamario Raman Moon (born June 13, 1980) is an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for one season at Meridian Community College and began his professional career with teams in the United States Basketball League and NBA Development League, the Harlem Globetrotters, and Mexican basketball team Fuerza Regia before signing with the Toronto Raptors in 2007. He has since played for the Miami Heat, Cleveland Cavaliers, Los Angeles Clippers and Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA, along with the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA D-League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Askia Booker", "paragraph_text": "Askia Booker (born August 31, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for UCAM Murcia of the Spanish Liga ACB. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes as a point guard. In his senior year in 2014–15, he earned second-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament will involve 68 teams playing in a single - elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It is scheduled to begin on March 13, 2018, and will conclude with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gerald Myers", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Myers (born August 5, 1936) is an American former college basketball coach. He was the head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team and the Houston Baptist Huskies men's basketball team and athletic director at Texas Tech University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Danny Manning", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Ricardo Manning (born May 17, 1966) is an American college basketball coach and retired National Basketball Association player. He is the current men's head coach at Wake Forest. After retiring from professional basketball Manning became an assistant coach at his alma mater, the University of Kansas. He won the national championship with the Jayhawks in 1988 as a player, and again on the coaching staff in 2008. He is the all - time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points; the closest player to his point total, Nick Collison, is 854 points behind.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Drake Fieldhouse", "paragraph_text": "The Drake Fieldhouse is an athletic facility of Drake University. It was built in 1926 as a companion to Drake's football stadium. It is the location for the athletic department offices, an indoor track, a tartan court area and equipment and locker rooms. It was formerly the home for Drake Bulldogs men's basketball until they moved to Veterans Memorial Auditorium. The first basketball game was played on January 4, 1927. The last regularly scheduled game was played during the 1961-62 school year. The last men's basketball game to be played there was on February 28, 1987, when Veterans Memorial Auditorium was not available so they had to play Southern Illinois in the conference tournament at the Fieldhouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "AP Poll", "paragraph_text": "In Division I men's and women's college basketball, the AP Poll is largely just a tool to compare schools throughout the season and spark debate, as it has no bearing on postseason play. Generally, all top 25 teams in the poll are invited to the men's and women's NCAA basketball tournament, also known as March Madness. The poll is usually released every Monday and voters' ballots are made public.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ben Simmons", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin David Simmons (born 20 July 1996) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A versatile forward, he played college basketball for one season with the Louisiana State University (LSU) Tigers, when he was named a consensus first - team All - American and the USBWA National Freshman of the Year. He was selected with the first overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft by the 76ers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chris Richard (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Chris Richard (born December 25, 1984) is an American former professional basketball player. Richard, a power forward, played college basketball for the University of Florida. He has a wingspan of 7'4½\". His role was that of the sixth man that came off the bench for the Florida Gators national championship men's team during the 2006–07 season. He is a former Mr. Basketball in the state of Florida (2002) and scored 8 points to go along with 8 rebounds (5 offensive) in his final game of his college career. He was taken 1st overall in 2008 D-League draft by the Tulsa 66ers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Aquille Carr", "paragraph_text": "Aquille Carr (born September 28, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Baltimore Hawks of the American Basketball Association (ABA). He attended Princeton Day Academy in Lanham, Maryland and was a highly scouted prospect for the 2013 college recruiting class. In January 2012, Carr announced his commitment to the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team for the 2013–14 season. In March 2013, he instead announced that he was skipping college to play overseas, but ultimately stayed in the United States to play with the Delaware 87ers of the NBA Development League. Carr declared for the 2014 NBA draft, but was not selected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898. The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self. The team has won five national titles, including three NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070–806 through the 2011–12 season. The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse. Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s. Kansas has counted among its coaches Dr. James Naismith (the inventor of basketball and only coach in Kansas history to have a losing record), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen (\"the Father of basketball coaching\"), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown. In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team. Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen. Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller. Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament. The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "George Hauptfuhrer", "paragraph_text": "Hauptfuhrer grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and attended William Penn Charter School. He then enrolled at Louisville where he played center on the basketball team for two seasons; while attending he was in a Navy training program. Hauptfuhrer transferred to Harvard for his final two years of college; while there, he played on the football, basketball, and track and field teams. He was named an all-Ivy League selection in basketball during his senior year in 1947–48.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represents Indiana University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men's basketball (1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, 1987) -- the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight. Indiana's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Domonic Jones", "paragraph_text": "Domonic Jones (born August 16, 1981) is an American former basketball player. He plays for RBC Verviers-Pepinster in Basketball League Belgium as of the 2011–12 season. He is 6'1\", 205 pounds and switches between the point guard and shooting guard positions. Jones played college basketball at Virginia Commonwealth University where he was named the Colonial Athletic Association Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 2003–04.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John Hatch (basketball, born 1962)", "paragraph_text": "John Hatch (born February 23, 1962 in Calgary, Alberta) is a former basketball player from Canada, who played for Canada men's national basketball team. He is a two-time Olympian (1984 and 1988).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chris Burgess", "paragraph_text": "Chris Burgess (born 23 April 1979) is an American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach for the Brigham Young Cougars men's basketball team. Burgess started his freshman year at Mater Dei High School, then transferred to his local school Woodbridge High School in California and played his remaining high school years. He then attended Duke University and University of Utah. Although Burgess attended training camp with the Phoenix Suns of the NBA, and played on several NBA Summer League teams, he never played in a regular-season NBA game. He did, however, play professional basketball in a variety of leagues in various parts of the world. In 2013, he officially retired from professional basketball and joined the coaching staff at the University of Utah as an undergraduate assistant coach. From 2015 to 2019, Burgess served as an assistant coach for the Utah Valley University men's basketball team. Following the 2019 season, Burgess followed UVU head coach Mark Pope to BYU.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62735, "question": "who did danny manning play for in college", "answer": "the University of Kansas", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 7672, "question": "What was the first year in which a men's team played basketball at #1 ?", "answer": "1898", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Church of England", "paragraph_text": "The Church of England (C of E) is the Established Church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th - century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single \"Anglican Church\" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement. Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles, gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way (via media) between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. The English Reformation followed a particular course. The different character of the English Reformation came primarily from the fact that it was driven initially by the political necessities of Henry VIII. King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England. Between 1535 and 1540, under Thomas Cromwell, the policy known as the Dissolution of the Monasteries was put into effect. Following a brief Roman Catholic restoration during the reign of Mary I, a loose consensus developed during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement largely formed Anglicanism into a distinctive church tradition. The compromise was uneasy and was capable of veering between extreme Calvinism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other. It was relatively successful until the Puritan Revolution or English Civil War in the 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of the Puritans in North America", "paragraph_text": "In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed that the Church of England was insufficiently reformed, retaining too much of its Roman Catholic doctrinal roots, and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were ``non-separating Puritans '', meaning that they did not advocate setting up separate congregations distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were`` separating Puritans'' who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. The Pilgrims were a Separatist group, and they established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, the Saybrook Colony in 1635, the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bergen Anglican Church", "paragraph_text": "Bergen Anglican Church is a congregation of the Church of England in the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway in the city of Bergen, Norway. Emerging in the late 1950s and institutionalised in 1962 the congregation was a spiritual home for British expatriates and especially the Second World War \"War Brides\" from Scotland. The congregation has grown to become broadly international in character providing worship in the English language. Since its emergence the congregation's strong core lay ministry and leadership was supplemented periodically by visiting or designated Anglican priests from St Edmund's Anglican Church in Oslo, and beginning in the 1990s was served by Peter Hogarth who served as the Assistant Chaplain for Western Norway. Mpole Samuel Masemola was installed as the congregation's first resident priest January 2013, and left in July 2015. Normal worship services were first held at the Engensenteret Chapel, Baneveien 1, near Nøstet, and now at the historic Mariakirken i Bergen or St Mary's Church, Bergen. Within the scope of the Porvoo Communion the congregation enjoys close cooperation with the Bergen Cathedral parish of the Church of Norway. As a congregation within the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway the Bergen Anglican Church is a part of the Archdeaconry of Germany and Northern Europe in the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe, which is part of the province of Canterbury in the Church of England. The diocesan bishop is Robert Innes and David Hamid is Suffragan Bishop in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Baptists", "paragraph_text": "During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from the Roman Catholic Church. There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation. There also were Christians who were disappointed that the Church of England had not made corrections of what some considered to be errors and abuses. Of those most critical of the Church's direction, some chose to stay and try to make constructive changes from within the Anglican Church. They became known as \"Puritans\" and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists. Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction and became known as the Separatists.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Canterbury Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Andrew Fairfield", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Hedtler \"Andy\" Fairfield is an American Anglican bishop. He served from 1989 to 2003 as the tenth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of North Dakota. After his retirement, he was in 2007 translated to the Anglican Church of Uganda and subsequently to the Anglican Church in North America. He is currently serving as assisting bishop in the Anglican Diocese in New England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Protestantism in Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Protestants in Tuvalu- Tuvalu is one of the most heavily Protestant nations in the world. The Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu, (Tuvaluan: Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu, EKT), is the de facto state church of Tuvalu, the only established church in the Reformed tradition in the world. Its adherents comprise about 97% of the 12,000 inhabitants of the archipelago, and theologicly it is part of the Reformed tradition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland. The Reformation in Scotland culminated ecclesiastically in the establishment of a church along Reformed lines, and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France. John Knox is regarded as the leader of the Scottish Reformation. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 repudiated the pope's authority by the Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560, forbade the celebration of the Mass and approved a Protestant Confession of Faith. It was made possible by a revolution against French hegemony under the regime of the regent Mary of Guise, who had governed Scotland in the name of her absent daughter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Supreme Head of the Church of England", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Head of the Church of England was a title created in 1531 for King Henry VIII of England, who was responsible for the foundation of the English Protestant church that broke away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church after the Pope excommunicated Henry in 1533 over his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. The Act of Supremacy of 1534 confirmed the King's status as having supremacy over the church and required the nobility to swear an oath recognising Henry's supremacy. By 1536, Henry had broken with Rome, seized the church's assets in England and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I, a staunch Catholic, attempted to restore the English church's allegiance to the Pope and repealed the Act of Supremacy in 1555. Her half - sister, the Protestant Elizabeth I, took the throne in 1558 and the next year, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1559 that restored the original act. The new Oath of Supremacy that nobles were required to swear gave the Queen's title as Supreme Governor of the church rather than Supreme Head, to avoid the charge that the monarchy was claiming divinity or usurping Christ, whom the Bible explicitly identifies as Head of the Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age. The early Puritan movement was a movement for reform in the Church of England. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva. The later Puritan movement, often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists, eventually led to the formation of various Reformed denominations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "The Church of England declared its independence from the Catholic Church at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Reformed tradition. These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for them, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism. By the end of the century, the retention in Anglicanism of many traditional liturgical forms and of the episcopate was already seen as unacceptable by those promoting the most developed Protestant principles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both \"catholic\" and \"Reformed\". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Catholic Church", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, who is known as the Pope. The church's doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join William Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivetan published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Sometime between 1550 and 1580, members of the Reformed church in France came to be commonly known as Huguenots.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 24395, "question": "During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from who?", "answer": "the Roman Catholic Church", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 87168, "question": "which title is used for the leader of #1", "answer": "the Bishop of Rome, who is known as the Pope", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Pope", "pope", "Bishop of Rome" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hot air balloon", "paragraph_text": "Early unmanned hot air balloons were used in China. Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han kingdom, during the Three Kingdoms era (220 -- 280 AD), used airborne lanterns for military signaling. These lanterns are known Chinese lanterns (simplified Chinese: 孔明灯; traditional Chinese: 孔明燈).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this \"tribute-related trade\" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses—while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants—\"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet\". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021–1086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors \"viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet.\" He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and \"fill once more the political vacuum in that country.\" On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that \"the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft). The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, earth's highest mountain rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying \"she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’.\" On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi \"against Chinese repression in Tibet\", and was broken up by the police.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Qing showed that the Manchus valued military skills in propaganda targeted towards the Ming military to get them to defect to the Qing, since the Ming civilian political system discriminated against the military. The three Liaodong Han Bannermen officers who played a massive role in the conquest of southern China from the Ming were Shang Kexi, Geng Zhongming, and Kong Youde and they governed southern China autonomously as viceroys for the Qing after their conquests. Normally the Manchu Bannermen acted only as reserve forces or in the rear and were used predominantly for quick strikes with maximum impact, so as to minimize ethnic Manchu losses; instead, the Qing used defected Han Chinese troops to fight as the vanguard during the entire conquest of China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the \"Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet\". Qing military garrisons staffed with Qing troops were now also established near the Nepalese border. Tibet was dominated by the Manchus in various stages in the 18th century, and the years immediately following the 1792 regulations were the peak of the Qing imperial commissioners' authority; but there was no attempt to make Tibet a Chinese province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311–1320). Rossabi writes that Kublai recognized that in order to rule China, \"he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials, yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols.\" And \"in governing China, he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects, but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement. His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign,\" according to Rossabi. Van Praag writes in The Status of Tibet that the Tibetans and Mongols, on the other hand, upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers, or chakravartin. Van Praag writes that \"Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire and was never fully integrated into it,\" citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), the Han Chinese government \"maintained the fiction\" that the foreign officials administering the various \"Dependent States\" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "After conquering \"China proper\", the Manchus identified their state as \"China\" (中國, Zhōngguó; \"Middle Kingdom\"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means \"central\" or \"middle,\" gurun means \"nation\" or \"state\"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as \"China\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that \"China\" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of \"China.\" They used both \"China\" and \"Qing\" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as \"China\" or the \"Chinese Empire\") and foreign affairs, and \"Chinese language\" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and \"Chinese people\" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used \"Qing\" and \"China\" interchangeably.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinction between Han Chinese and Manchus extended to their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that \"there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention\" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (劉黑馬, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (蕭札剌) defected and commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army. Liu Heima and Shi Tianze served Ogödei Khan. Liu Heima and Shi Tianxiang led armies against Western Xia for the Mongols. There were 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops. The three Khitan Generals Shimobeidier (石抹孛迭兒), Tabuyir (塔不已兒) and Xiaozhacizhizizhongxi (蕭札刺之子重喜) commanded the three Khitan Tumens and the four Han Generals Zhang Rou, Yan Shi, Shi Tianze, and Liu Heima commanded the four Han tumens under Ogödei Khan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The early Manchu rulers also established two foundations of legitimacy which help to explain the stability of their dynasty. The first was the bureaucratic institutions and the neo-Confucian culture which they adopted from earlier dynasties. Manchu rulers and Han Chinese scholar-official elites gradually came to terms with each other. The examination system offered a path for ethnic Han to become officials. Imperial patronage of Kangxi Dictionary demonstrated respect for Confucian learning, while the Sacred Edict of 1670 effectively extolled Confucian family values. The second major source of stability was the Central Asian aspect of their Manchu identity which allowed them to appeal to Mongol, Tibetan and Uighur constituents. The Qing used the title of Emperor (Huangdi) in Chinese while among Mongols the Qing monarch was referred to as Bogda khan (wise Khan), and referred to as Gong Ma in Tibet. Qianlong propagated the image of himself as Buddhist sage rulers, patrons of Tibetan Buddhism. In the Manchu language, the Qing monarch was alternately referred to as either Huwangdi (Emperor) or Khan with no special distinction between the two usages. The Kangxi Emperor also welcomed to his court Jesuit missionaries, who had first come to China under the Ming. Missionaries including Tomás Pereira, Martino Martini, Johann Adam Schall von Bell, Ferdinand Verbiest and Antoine Thomas held significant positions as military weapons experts, mathematicians, cartographers, astronomers and advisers to the emperor. The relationship of trust was however lost in the later Chinese Rites controversy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire \"Jiu Han jun\" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the \"imperial estates\" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "GWR 2602 Class", "paragraph_text": "The Kruger Class was a series of exceptionally imposing-looking (some might say ungainly) steam locomotives designed by William Dean and built at the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 852, "question": "Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past?", "answer": "the Mongols", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 41622, "question": "Who did the Han Chinese want to help the #1 fight?", "answer": "the Jin", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "Jin" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Huang Ju", "paragraph_text": "Huang Ju (28 September 1938 – 2 June 2007) was a Chinese politician and a high-ranking leader in the Communist Party of China. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision making body, between 2002 and 2007, and also served as the first-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China beginning in 2003. He died in office before he could complete his terms on the Standing Committee and as Vice-Premier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a \"divide-and-rule\" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than \"comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet.\" Rossabi states that this theory \"attributes too much influence to the Chinese,\" pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the \"divide-and-rule\" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Philip Watson", "paragraph_text": "Vice Admiral Sir Philip Alexander Watson KBE, LVO (7 October 1919 – 8 December 2009) was an officer of the Royal Navy, rising to the rank of vice-admiral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nur Ahmadjan Bughra", "paragraph_text": "Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra (d. April 16, 1934) (Uyghur: نۇر ئەخمەتجان بۇغرا‎), نور احمد جان بغرا, was an Uighur Emir of the First East Turkestan Republic. He was the younger brother of Muhammad Amin Bughra and Abdullah Bughra. He commanded Uighur and Kirghiz forces during the Battle of Kashgar (1934) against the Chinese Muslim 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army). The Chinese Muslims were loyal to the Republic of China government, and wanted to crush the Turkic Muslim Uighurs and Kirghiz in revenge for the Kizil massacre, in which Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra had taken part. He was killed on April 16, 1934 at Yangi Hissar by Chinese Muslim troops under generals Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan. All of Nur Ahmad Jan's 2,500 Uighur and Kirghiz fighters were exterminated by the 10,000 strong Chinese Muslim army.It was reported by Ahmad Kamal in his book Land Without Laughter, that Nur Ahmad Jan was beheaded by the Chinese Muslim troops and the head was used in a football game at the parade ground.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Julien Hoffmann", "paragraph_text": "A professor of music, Hoffman was influential in Luxembourg by founding the \"Chorale Jong Lëtzebuerg\", based on the model of Young Vienna and established in 1966. The choir has performed in front of royalty and on a visit to Vaduz was welcomed by the Prince of Liechtenstein. Hoffmann also served as honorary director of the St Cecilia Choir of Walferdange.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Speaker (politics)", "paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives presides over the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives. This post is second in line to the presidency -- after the vice president -- and is therefore the third highest - ranking national office overall. In practice, this post is the highest - ranking in Congress, because the president of the US Senate is the vice president, who has his / her office, and predominant responsibilities, at the White House, and therefore does not have a day - to - day presence at the Congress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Senpai and kōhai", "paragraph_text": "The relationship is an interdependent one, as a senpai requires a kōhai and vice versa, and establishes a bond determined by the date of entry to an organization. Senpai refers to the member of higher experience, hierarchy, level, or age in the organization who offers assistance, friendship, and counsel to a new or inexperienced member, known as the kōhai, who must demonstrate gratitude, respect, and occasionally personal loyalty. The Senpai acts at the same time as a friend. This relation is similar to the interpersonal relation between tutor and tutored in Eastern culture, but differs in that the senpai and kōhai must work in the same organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a \"mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron,\" respectively. He adds that \"Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal (1792 – 5 February 1863) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He became an accomplished surveyor, and reached the rank of vice-admiral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses. After the Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to Sopron.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan rebuked the Korean King, saying that the Uighur King of Qocho was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last, because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first, the Karluks surrendered after the Uighurs, and the Koreans surrendered last, and that the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun (1241–1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Napoleon instituted lasting reforms, including higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime. It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France. His dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire paved the way to German Unification later in the 19th century. The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the country and was a major event in American history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Royalties (brand management agency)", "paragraph_text": "Royalties is a brand management agency based in Paris. The agency was originally created in 2008 as Publicis Royalties by Publicis Worldwide and Eurogroup Consulting and is now independently owned by the three founding partners: David Jobin, Olivier Bontemps and Alexandre de Coupigny. Royalties has expanded from the financial assessment of brands to the creation and management of brands, and their visual and verbal identities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lalbagh Fort", "paragraph_text": "The Mughal prince Muhammad Azam, third son of Aurangzeb started the work of the fort in 1678 during his vice-royalty in Bengal. He stayed in Bengal for 15 months. The fort remained incomplete when he was called away by his father Aurangzeb.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "National Institute of Education", "paragraph_text": "The National Institute of Education (NIE) is an autonomous institute of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. Ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in Asia by the QS World University Rankings in the subject of Education in 2015, the institute is the sole teacher education institute for teachers in Singapore. NIE provides all levels of teacher education, ranging from initial teacher preparation, to graduate and in-service programmes, and courses for serving teachers, department heads, vice-principals and principals. Its enrolment stands at more than 5,600 full-time equivalent students. The institute was first established as the Teachers' Training College in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "President of the Senate", "paragraph_text": "Vice presidents have cast 261 tie - breaking votes since the U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789 -- 1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has made six tie - breaking votes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 887, "question": "Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?", "answer": "the Mongols", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 41721, "question": "Why were the Uighurs ranked higher by the #1 ?", "answer": "the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "European Union law", "paragraph_text": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amending treaties were signed to complete the development of a single, internal market in the Single European Act 1986, to further the development of a more social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, and to make minor amendments to the relative power of member states in the EU institutions in the Treaty of Nice 2001 and the Treaty of Lisbon 2007. Since its establishment, more member states have joined through a series of accession treaties, from the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994 (though again Norway failed to join, because of lack of support in the referendum), the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985 giving it a special status.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Andreas Wittwer", "paragraph_text": "Andreas Wittwer (born 5 October 1990 Switzerland) is a Swiss professional footballer who most recently played as a left back for FC St. Gallen in the Swiss Super League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession negotiations with the EU. In recent years, the Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with those of the EU in many ways, in an effort to enhance their international competitiveness. The economy grew at 3% in 2010, 1.9% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of some in the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this supported by the conservative SVP party. The western French-speaking areas and the urban regions of the rest of the country tend to be more pro-EU, however with far from any significant share of the population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Henri Guisan", "paragraph_text": "Henri Guisan (; 21 October 1874 – 7 April 1960) was a Swiss army officer who held the office of the General of the Swiss Armed Forces during the Second World War. He was the fourth and the most recent man to be appointed to the rarely used Swiss rank of General, and was possibly Switzerland's most famous soldier. He is best remembered for effectively mobilizing the Swiss Armed Forces and Swiss people in order to prepare resistance against a possible invasion by Nazi Germany in 1940. Guisan was voted the fourth-greatest Swiss figure of all time in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Longdi pabram", "paragraph_text": "Longdi pabram is a village in Tamenglong district of Manipur state of India. It has a long history of being affected by insurgency. The village has been in national news in recent years for the efforts of an Indian Army officer, DPK Pillay, who has brought development and relief works at the doorsteps of the village.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Peter E. Hildebrand", "paragraph_text": "Peter E. Hildebrand earned his PhD from Michigan State University in 1959 in Agricultural Economics. He joined the University of Florida faculty in 1979 and retired on July 1, 2003. During that time, he served as Director and Professor for IFAS International Programs, Agricultural Economics (1972-1999), and as a professor of Food and Resource Economics. Hildebrand's international background encompasses work in over 31 countries over 35 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Conformity", "paragraph_text": "Although conformity pressures generally increase as the size of the majority increases, a meta - analysis suggests that conformity pressures in Asch's experiment peak once the majority reaches about four or five in number. Moreover, a study suggests that the effects of group size depend on the type of social influence operating. This means that in situations where the group is clearly wrong, conformity will be motivated by normative influence; the participants will conform in order to be accepted by the group. A participant may not feel much pressure to conform when the first person gives an incorrect response. However, conformity pressure will increase as each additional group member also gives the same incorrect response.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "In 1986, Portugal joined the European Economic Community (EEC) that later became the European Union (EU). In the following years Portugal's economy progressed considerably as a result of EEC/EU structural and cohesion funds and Portuguese companies' easier access to foreign markets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Luc E. Weber", "paragraph_text": "Luc E. Weber received a PhD in Economics and Business from the University of Lausanne. From 1975 to 2008, he was Professor of Public Economics at the University of Geneva. He has also taught at his alma mater, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Fribourg. From 1977 to 1980, he was a member of the Swiss Council of Economic Advisers. He has also served as Vice-Rector, then Rector of the university, and Chairman and Consul for international affairs of the Swiss University Rectors’ Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Malmö", "paragraph_text": "The economy of Malmö was traditionally based on shipbuilding (Kockums) and construction related industries, such as concrete factories. The region's leading university, along with its associated hi-tech and pharmaceutical industries, is located in Lund about 16 kilometres (10 miles) to the north-east. As a result, Malmö had a troubled economic situation following the mid-1970s. Between 1990–1995, 27,000 jobs were lost, and the budget deficit was more than one billion Swedish krona (SEK). In 1995, Malmö had Sweden's highest unemployment rate.However, during the last two decades there has been a revival. One contributing factor has been the economic integration with Denmark brought about by the Øresund Bridge, which opened in July 2000. Also the university founded in 1998 and the effects of integration into the European Union have contributed. In 2017 the unemployment rate is still high but Malmö has the last 20 years had one of the strongest employment growth rates in Sweden. But a lot of those jobs are taken by workers outside of the side in the neighboring municipalities.As of 2016, the largest companies were:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland joined the Council of Europe in 1963. In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura. On 18 April 1999 the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution.In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referendums on the EU issue; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application has been withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of the United States Virgin Islands", "paragraph_text": "Early inhabitants of the Virgin Islands included the Ciboney, Arawaks, and Island Caribs. The first documented Europeans to visit the islands arrived with Christopher Columbus. The islands were occupied by several nations over the next century, including England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark. In 1733, the Danish West India Company purchased Saint Croix from the French and brought together Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, and Saint John as the Danish West Indies. Danish trading posts were set up on the islands, trading in sugar, slaves and other goods. Sugar cane cultivation was a major economic activity for many years, with slaves used as one of the labor sources. However, following increasing humanitarian awareness, laws against slavery and a slave rebellion in 1848, the governor Peter von Scholten officially freed the last slaves the same year. The islands were purchased from the Danish by the United States in 1917 under the Treaty of the Danish West Indies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Canadian Ballet Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Ballet Festival was an annual event staged in Canada from 1948 to 1954 that brought together various Canadian dance companies to generate public interest in classical dance. Prior to the festivals, it was difficult for professional Canadian dancers to earn a living by practicing their art in their own country. When the festivals ended in 1954 after six years, Canadian dancers were able to find paid work in Canadian television practicing their art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Oscar Schachter", "paragraph_text": "Schachter was a native of New York City, graduated Phi Beta Kappa from City College of New York in 1936, and from Columbia Law School, where he was a Kent scholar and first in his class of 1939. He was in private practice and worked for other federal offices before joining the United States Department of State in 1942 as an advisor on wartime economic controls and liberated European areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Contemporary Family Therapy", "paragraph_text": "Contemporary Family Therapy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on family therapy, focusing on recent applied practice and developments in theory and research that is published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is D. Russell Crane (Brigham Young University). The journal pays particular attention to how socio-economic background, family value systems, religion, and ethnicity factors may affect family dynamics and treatment. It was established in 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Laura Duncan", "paragraph_text": "A Sheriff at Glasgow Sheriff Court, reputed to be the busiest court in Europe, Laura Duncan was born on 17 June 1947 and educated at the Hamilton Academy and the University of Glasgow. Qualifying as a solicitor in 1969 she was two years in private practice before joining the Procurator Fiscal Service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alison Evans", "paragraph_text": "After gaining a BA from Sussex University and an MPhil from Cambridge University in economics and development economics respectively, she was awarded a PhD from the University of Sussex, where she then became a lecturer on economics. In 1994 she joined the World Bank, and in 2006 joined the Overseas Development Institute, becoming their Director in 2009. She left in 2013. Evans became one of the commissioners of the Independent Commission for Aid Impact.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Frederic G. Donner", "paragraph_text": "He graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in economics, worked briefly for a Chicago accounting firm, and then joined General Motors's New York staff as an accountant in 1926, and worked there for 32 years.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22408, "question": "In recent years, what have the Swiss brought their economic practices into conformity with?", "answer": "the EU", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 40795, "question": "When did Denmark join the #1 ?", "answer": "1972", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ryszard Dembinski", "paragraph_text": "Rotmistrz Ryszard Dembinski (24 February 1924 – 29 June 2008) was a Polish Cavalry officer and D-Day Veteran, who, following World War II, helped to establish the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London, which he chaired for 25 years (1979–2004).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Peter McManus", "paragraph_text": "Peter McManus VC (March 1829 – 27 April 1859) was born in Tynan, County Armagh, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, screenwriter Noxon told Collider.com that plans for an imminent sequel were shelved due to the disappointing performance of the first installment at the box office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the \"African Club of the Century\". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "William Eyre (British Army officer)", "paragraph_text": "Major General Sir William Eyre KCB (21 October 1805 – 18 September 1859) was an officer in the British Army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "1992 Epsom Derby", "paragraph_text": "The 1992 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Wednesday 3 June 1992. It was the 213th running of the Derby, and it was won by Dr Devious. The winner was ridden by John Reid and trained by Peter Chapple-Hyam. The pre-race favourite Rodrigo de Triano finished ninth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Mummy (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Mummy premiered at the State Theatre in Sydney, Australia on May 22, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 9, 2017, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. It received negative reviews from critics and grossed over $407 million worldwide. It was labeled a box office disappointment given its high production and marketing costs, with projected losses of around $95 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; later Princess Henry of Battenberg; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Beatrice was the last of Queen Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, her elder sister Alice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. \"Everyone likes flattery,\" he said, \"and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel.\" With the phrase \"we authors, Ma'am\", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were \"a public meeting rather than a woman\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kentucky Derby", "paragraph_text": "The Derby is frequently referred to as ``The Run for the Roses, ''because a lush blanket of 554 red roses is awarded to the Kentucky Derby winner each year. The tradition originated in 1883 when New York socialite E. Berry Wall presented roses to ladies at a post-Derby party that was attended by Churchill Downs founder and president, Col. M. Lewis Clark. This gesture is believed to have led Clark to the idea of making the rose the race's official flower. However, it was not until 1896 that any recorded account referred to roses being draped on the Derby winner. The Governor of Kentucky awards the garland and the Kentucky Derby Trophy. Pop vocalist Dan Fogelberg composed the song`` Run for the Roses'' which was released in time for the 1980 running of the race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, commonly known as the Triple Crown, is a title awarded to a three - year - old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes. The three races were inaugurated in different years, the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875. These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year. The Triple Crown Trophy, commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950, is awarded to a Triple Crown winner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Friedrich Hagenauer", "paragraph_text": "Reverend Friedrich Hagenauer and Reverend F.W. Spieseke from the German Moravian Church were sent to Australia and established Ebenezer Mission station near Lake Hindmarsh, Victoria, Australia in 1859 in Wergaia territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Electoral district of Polwarth, Ripon, Hampden and South Grenville", "paragraph_text": "Polwarth, Ripon, Hampden and South Grenville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1859. It was based in western Victoria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dumb Ways to Die", "paragraph_text": "Dumb Ways to Die is an Australian public service announcement campaign made by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia to promote railway safety. The campaign video went viral through sharing and social media starting in November 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tyntynder South, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Tyntynder South is a locality in the local government area of the Rural City of Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia. Eastburn's post office opened in 1902, was renamed Tyntynder South in July 1911 and closed on 30 June 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Per Lasson", "paragraph_text": "Per Lasson (April 18, 1859 — June 6, 1883 in Christiania) was a Norwegian composer, brother of Norwegian painter Oda Krohg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Magnum Cum Louder", "paragraph_text": "Magnum Cum Louder is Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus' fourth album, the first with their new label, RCA Records having been dropped by Elektra Records following disappointing sales in the United States. The album was produced by the group, and was released in Australia on 28 June 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "James W. Holley III", "paragraph_text": "James W. Holley III (November 24, 1926 – October 5, 2012) was an American politician and dental surgeon. Holley served two terms as mayor of Portsmouth, Virginia. Both terms ended with his being recalled from office, making him the only known politician in American history to be twice recalled until Fullerton, California Councilman Don Bankhead was recalled in June 2012.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 16766, "question": "Who did Victoria recall to office following her disappointment with Derby in June of 1859?", "answer": "Palmerston", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 16772, "question": "What year did #1 die?", "answer": "1865", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events", "paragraph_text": "In addition to the above - mentioned winnings, the winner earns an automatic position in the next Tournament of Champions, though two winners (Vinita Kailasanath in 2001 and Joey Beachum in 2008) deferred their berths in their intended tournament until the following installments due to scheduling conflicts. Three College Champions have made the Tournament of Champions finals (Tom Cubbage in 1989, Jeff Stewart in 1994, and Cliff Galiher in 2007), but only Cubbage won the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fritz X", "paragraph_text": "Fritz X was first deployed on 21 July 1943 in a raid on Augusta harbour in Sicily. A number of additional attacks around Sicily and Messina followed, though no confirmed hits were made and it appears the Allies were unaware that the large bombs being dropped were radio-guided weapons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Downing Street Director of Communications", "paragraph_text": "Downing Street Director of Communications is the post of Director of communications for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The position is held by an appointed special adviser. The post was temporarily vacant from April to July 2017 following the resignation of the former Director of Communications Katie Perrior. The current Director of Communications is Lee Cain who was appointed by Boris Johnson on 24 July 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Philippine presidential line of succession", "paragraph_text": "If both the President and the Vice President die, become permanently disabled, are removed from office, or resign - the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, will act as President until a President or Vice-President is elected and qualifies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. \"Everyone likes flattery,\" he said, \"and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel.\" With the phrase \"we authors, Ma'am\", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were \"a public meeting rather than a woman\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Elizabeth M. Tamposi", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth M. Tamposi (born 1955) was United States Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs from October 18, 1989 until November 10, 1992 when she was forced to resign in the midst of a scandal related to her improperly ordering a search of the passport records of presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Ross Perot.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Franciotto Orsini", "paragraph_text": "A member of the Orsini family, Franciotto Orsini was born in Rome in 1473, the son of Orso Orsini di Monteredondo and Costanza Savelli.Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church He was a nephew of Pope Leo X on his father's side. Orsini was educated in Florence by Lorenzo de' Medici.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Carmen Montón", "paragraph_text": "Carmen Montón Giménez (born 9 March 1976 in Burjassot, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She was the Spanish Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare from the 7 June 2018 until her resignation on 11 September 2018 due to the scandal of her master’s degree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ken W. Clawson", "paragraph_text": "Ken Wade Clawson (August 16, 1936 – December 18, 1999) was an American journalist, best known as a spokesman for U.S. President Richard Nixon at the time of the Watergate scandal. He was promoted from Nixon's deputy director of communications to director in early 1974 as the scandal continued to unfold, and following Nixon's resignation in August 1974, Clawson continued in the same role for three months under President Gerald Ford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election was held on March 10, 2018, due to the resignation of party leader Patrick Brown on January 25, 2018, following allegations of sexual misconduct. Winner Doug Ford narrowly defeated runner - up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of England cricket captains", "paragraph_text": "Following Vaughan's retirement, England were briefly captained by Kevin Pietersen before Andrew Strauss took on the role permanently following Pietersen's resignation. Strauss became the first captain to lead England to victory in a Test series in Australia since 1987, as well as taking them to the number one ranking in the summer of 2011. Strauss announced his resignation and retirement following the relinquishing of the top ranking to South Africa in 2012, with One Day International captain and Strauss's deputy Alastair Cook named as the replacement. Cook became England's longest - serving captain in terms of matches, winning two home Ashes series but also overseeing heavy losses in Australia and India. He stepped down in early 2017 to be replaced by Joe Root.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "René Cornejo", "paragraph_text": "René Cornejo Diaz (born 6 January 1962 in Arequipa, Peru) was Prime Minister of Peru from February to July 2014, following the resignation of César Villanueva. He resigned after a political scandal that involved his office. He was replaced by the Minister of Labor Ana Jara.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Levinson's inequality", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, Levinson's inequality is the following inequality, due to Norman Levinson, involving positive numbers. Let formula_1 and let formula_2 be a given function having a third derivative on the range formula_3, and such that", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers. In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month. In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ann Baskins", "paragraph_text": "Ann O'Neil Baskins (born August 5, 1955 in Red Bluff, California, USA) is former General Counsel for Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). Baskins was linked to the HP pretexting scandal. On September 28, 2006, following public disclosure of the matter, Baskins resigned effective immediately, hours before she was to appear as a witness before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce at which she would later invoke the Fifth Amendment to \"not be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime.\" Baskins was never charged by California or federal authorities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "England national football team", "paragraph_text": "In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player. Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1 May 2012, Roy Hodgson was announced as the new manager, just six weeks before UEFA Euro 2012. England managed to finish top of their group, winning two and drawing one of their fixtures, but exited the Championships in the quarter-finals via a penalty shoot-out, this time to Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "George White's 1935 Scandals", "paragraph_text": "George White's 1935 Scandals is an American musical film, written by Jack Yellen and produced in 1935 by Fox Film Corporation (before it became part of 20th Century Fox). It was a follow-up to (but not a sequel to) the 1934 release, \"George White's Scandals\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "England national football team manager", "paragraph_text": "Swedish coach Sven - Göran Eriksson became the first foreign manager of the team in January 2001 amid much acrimony; he helped the team to three successive quarter - finals in major championships. Italian manager Fabio Capello replaced Steve McClaren in December 2007, after England failed to qualify for Euro 2008. Capello's side endured a lacklustre performance during the 2010 World Cup, but the FA confirmed that he would remain in the role. However, Capello resigned in February 2012, following a disagreement with the FA over their removal of John Terry's captaincy. He was replaced, on a caretaker basis, by Stuart Pearce, before Roy Hodgson was named as Capello's permanent replacement in May 2012. Hodgson's contract finished on 27 June 2016 as England were knocked out of UEFA Euro 2016 by Iceland in the round of 16. Sam Allardyce was announced as his successor a month later, but subsequently left the role after just one competitive match. He was replaced on a caretaker basis by England under - 21 coach and former England international defender Gareth Southgate, whose position was made permanent after four matches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Roxana Baldetti", "paragraph_text": "Ingrid Roxana Baldetti Elías (born May 13, 1962) was the first female Vice President of Guatemala from 2012 until her resignation amid a corruption scandal in 2015.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 16764, "question": "Who resigned their position following the scandal due to Orsini's bomb being made in England?", "answer": "Palmerston", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 16779, "question": "When did #1 die?", "answer": "1865", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated here. The practice of burying national figures in the Abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727 and Charles Darwin buried 19 April 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Riseberga Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Riseberga Abbey (Swedish: Riseberga kloster), was a Cistercian nunnery in Sweden, in operation from circa 1180 until 1534. It was located near Fjugesta in Närke. It had the right to appoint the vicar of the Edsberg parish, which was under the jurisdiction of the abbey. The ruins of the buildings are preserved, and the Amphitheatre of the abbey are presently used as a Sylvan theater.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Notley Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cuissy Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Cuissy Abbey was a Premonstratensian abbey in France in the diocese of Soissons, and was among the earliest foundations of the Premonstratensian Order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Berne Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Berne Abbey, a Dutch abbey of the Premonstratensians, or Norbertines, in Heeswijk, North Brabant, is the oldest extant religious community in the Netherlands. It has 27 brothers and priests (2007; down from 33 in 2005).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother", "paragraph_text": "The public funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother occurred on Tuesday, 9 April 2002 in Westminster Abbey in London, following her death on 30 March 2002 at the age of 101.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Abbey National", "paragraph_text": "In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Memleben Abbey", "paragraph_text": "In 1015 the golden age of Memleben Abbey ended. On his accession in 1002, Henry II, the successor of Otto III, initially had confirmed to Abbot Reinhold of Memleben the privileges and possessions of his predecessors, on par with the Imperial abbeys of Fulda, Corvey and Reichenau. However, thirteen years later, he substantially disempowered and dispossessed the Memleben community in favour of Hersfeld Abbey, to whom he subordinated it, in return for estates for his pet project, the newly created Bishopric of Bamberg. The decline of Memleben Abbey, and its Ottonian \"memoria\", was thus ensured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city, to intimidate the native inhabitants. In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Maria (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)", "paragraph_text": "This song is sung by the nuns at Nonnberg Abbey, who are exasperated with Maria for being too frivolous and frolicsome for the decorous and austere life at the Abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Abbey Is Blue", "paragraph_text": "Abbey Is Blue is the fourth album by American jazz vocalist Abbey Lincoln featuring tracks recorded in 1959 for the Riverside label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Amelungsborn Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Amelungsborn Abbey, also Amelunxborn Abbey (\"Kloster Amelungsborn\") is a Lutheran monastery in Germany. It is located near Negenborn and Stadtoldendorf, in the \"Landkreis\" of Holzminden in the Weserbergland. It was the second oldest Cistercian foundation in Lower Saxony, Germany, after Walkenried Abbey. It survived the Reformation by becoming Lutheran, and with Loccum Abbey, also previously Cistercian, is one of the only two Lutheran monasteries in Germany with an uninterrupted tradition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Agnès Arnauld", "paragraph_text": "She was born Jeanne-Catherine-Agnès Arnauld, a member of the Arnauld family, sister of Antoine Arnauld, \"le Grand Arnauld\" and of Mother Angélique Arnauld. She succeeded Angélique as head of the abbey in 1658, thus leading it during the most repressive anti-Jansenist period. She organised the movement against signing the Formulary of Alexander VII and for this was confronted by Hardouin de Péréfixe, the Archbishop of Paris. She was also the author of the \"Constitutions\" of Port-Royal, a text which reformed the material and spiritual rule of the abbey in a spirit of Cistercian renewal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 8299, "question": "Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers. In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month. In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tunoa Lui", "paragraph_text": "Tunoa Lui is an American Samoan football coach who trained the national team of American Samoa for a period of one year. He left resigned from the position in 2001. Since 2017 he is the coach of the American Samoa national under-18 futsal team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Roxana Baldetti", "paragraph_text": "Ingrid Roxana Baldetti Elías (born May 13, 1962) was the first female Vice President of Guatemala from 2012 until her resignation amid a corruption scandal in 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "George White's 1935 Scandals", "paragraph_text": "George White's 1935 Scandals is an American musical film, written by Jack Yellen and produced in 1935 by Fox Film Corporation (before it became part of 20th Century Fox). It was a follow-up to (but not a sequel to) the 1934 release, \"George White's Scandals\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Franciotto Orsini", "paragraph_text": "A member of the Orsini family, Franciotto Orsini was born in Rome in 1473, the son of Orso Orsini di Monteredondo and Costanza Savelli.Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church He was a nephew of Pope Leo X on his father's side. Orsini was educated in Florence by Lorenzo de' Medici.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Guttenberg plagiarism scandal", "paragraph_text": "Guttenberg plagiarism scandal refers to the German political scandal that led to the resignation of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg as Minister of Defence of Germany over the plagiarism of his doctoral dissertation. The first accusations of plagiarism in Guttenberg's dissertation were made public in February 2011. Guttenberg's doctoral dissertation, \"\" (\"Constitution and Constitutional Treaty\"), had been the basis of his 2007 Doctorate from the University of Bayreuth. Guttenberg at first denied intentional plagiarism, calling the accusations \"absurd,\" but acknowledged that he may have made errors in his footnotes. In addition, it emerged that Guttenberg had requested a report from the Bundestag's research department, which he had then inserted into his thesis without attribution. On 23 February 2011, Guttenberg apologized in parliament for flaws in his thesis, but denied intentional deception and denied the use of a ghostwriter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ann Baskins", "paragraph_text": "Ann O'Neil Baskins (born August 5, 1955 in Red Bluff, California, USA) is former General Counsel for Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). Baskins was linked to the HP pretexting scandal. On September 28, 2006, following public disclosure of the matter, Baskins resigned effective immediately, hours before she was to appear as a witness before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce at which she would later invoke the Fifth Amendment to \"not be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime.\" Baskins was never charged by California or federal authorities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "René Cornejo", "paragraph_text": "René Cornejo Diaz (born 6 January 1962 in Arequipa, Peru) was Prime Minister of Peru from February to July 2014, following the resignation of César Villanueva. He resigned after a political scandal that involved his office. He was replaced by the Minister of Labor Ana Jara.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "England national football team manager", "paragraph_text": "Swedish coach Sven - Göran Eriksson became the first foreign manager of the team in January 2001 amid much acrimony; he helped the team to three successive quarter - finals in major championships. Italian manager Fabio Capello replaced Steve McClaren in December 2007, after England failed to qualify for Euro 2008. Capello's side endured a lacklustre performance during the 2010 World Cup, but the FA confirmed that he would remain in the role. However, Capello resigned in February 2012, following a disagreement with the FA over their removal of John Terry's captaincy. He was replaced, on a caretaker basis, by Stuart Pearce, before Roy Hodgson was named as Capello's permanent replacement in May 2012. Hodgson's contract finished on 27 June 2016 as England were knocked out of UEFA Euro 2016 by Iceland in the round of 16. Sam Allardyce was announced as his successor a month later, but subsequently left the role after just one competitive match. He was replaced on a caretaker basis by England under - 21 coach and former England international defender Gareth Southgate, whose position was made permanent after four matches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events", "paragraph_text": "In addition to the above - mentioned winnings, the winner earns an automatic position in the next Tournament of Champions, though two winners (Vinita Kailasanath in 2001 and Joey Beachum in 2008) deferred their berths in their intended tournament until the following installments due to scheduling conflicts. Three College Champions have made the Tournament of Champions finals (Tom Cubbage in 1989, Jeff Stewart in 1994, and Cliff Galiher in 2007), but only Cubbage won the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sir John Fuller, 1st Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Fuller was the eldest son of George Fuller, of Neston Park, Corsham, Wiltshire, and his wife Emily Georgina Jane, daughter of Sir Michael Hicks Beach, 8th Baronet, and was educated at Winchester and Christ Church, Oxford. He unsuccessfully contested Parliament three times but in 1900 he was successfully returned for Westbury. He served under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1906 to 1907 and under Campbell-Bannerman and later H. H. Asquith as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1907 to 1911. He was created a Baronet, of Neston Park in Corsham in the County of Wiltshire, in 1910. The following year Fuller resigned his seat in the House of Commons on his appointment as Governor of Victoria. He remained in this position until his resignation for health and family reasons in November 1913. He had been made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1911 Coronation Honours.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of England cricket captains", "paragraph_text": "Following Vaughan's retirement, England were briefly captained by Kevin Pietersen before Andrew Strauss took on the role permanently following Pietersen's resignation. Strauss became the first captain to lead England to victory in a Test series in Australia since 1987, as well as taking them to the number one ranking in the summer of 2011. Strauss announced his resignation and retirement following the relinquishing of the top ranking to South Africa in 2012, with One Day International captain and Strauss's deputy Alastair Cook named as the replacement. Cook became England's longest - serving captain in terms of matches, winning two home Ashes series but also overseeing heavy losses in Australia and India. He stepped down in early 2017 to be replaced by Joe Root.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "All Hell Broke Loose", "paragraph_text": "All Hell Broke Loose is a 1995 Israeli documentary that follows the victims of a Hamas suicide bombing in Israel a year after the attack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election was held on March 10, 2018, due to the resignation of party leader Patrick Brown on January 25, 2018, following allegations of sexual misconduct. Winner Doug Ford narrowly defeated runner - up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. \"Everyone likes flattery,\" he said, \"and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel.\" With the phrase \"we authors, Ma'am\", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were \"a public meeting rather than a woman\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ken W. Clawson", "paragraph_text": "Ken Wade Clawson (August 16, 1936 – December 18, 1999) was an American journalist, best known as a spokesman for U.S. President Richard Nixon at the time of the Watergate scandal. He was promoted from Nixon's deputy director of communications to director in early 1974 as the scandal continued to unfold, and following Nixon's resignation in August 1974, Clawson continued in the same role for three months under President Gerald Ford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Carmen Montón", "paragraph_text": "Carmen Montón Giménez (born 9 March 1976 in Burjassot, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She was the Spanish Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare from the 7 June 2018 until her resignation on 11 September 2018 due to the scandal of her master’s degree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Times", "paragraph_text": "Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as \"political censorship\" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 16764, "question": "Who resigned their position following the scandal due to Orsini's bomb being made in England?", "answer": "Palmerston", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 16772, "question": "What year did #1 die?", "answer": "1865", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "paragraph_text": "In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant several times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, and 2017, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 19 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 10 in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "José Herrera (1960s outfielder)", "paragraph_text": "Herrera was signed by the Houston Colt .45s as an amateur free agent and made his debut with the team after it became the Astros.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many Israeli grandmasters and Israeli chess players have won a number of youth world championships. Israel stages an annual international championship and hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005. The Ministry of Education and the World Chess Federation agreed upon a project of teaching chess within Israeli schools, and it has been introduced into the curriculum of some schools. The city of Beersheba has become a national chess center, with the game being taught in the city's kindergartens. Owing partly to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of chess grandmasters of any city in the world. The Israeli chess team won the silver medal at the 2008 Chess Olympiad and the bronze, coming in third among 148 teams, at the 2010 Olympiad. Israeli grandmaster Boris Gelfand won the Chess World Cup in 2009 and the 2011 Candidates Tournament for the right to challenge the world champion. He only lost the World Chess Championship 2012 to reigning world champion Anand after a speed-chess tie breaker.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "World Series", "paragraph_text": "American League (AL) teams have won 65 of the 113 World Series played (57.5%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.9% of all series played and 41.5% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.7% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of Cricket World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Raichur and New Zealand, was won by ((Australia national cricket team A, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Montevideo", "paragraph_text": "The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2005 World Series", "paragraph_text": "Neither team advanced to the post-season in 2006, but the 2006 World Series again featured teams from the American League Central and National League Central divisions, this time represented by the Detroit Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals, respectively. The Cardinals won the World Series in five games, in which manager Tony La Russa became the second manager to win the World Series in both American and National leagues, previously managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1989 World Series championship. Both the White Sox and the Astros were in the Wild Card race until the final weeks of the season, with the White Sox finishing with 90 wins, the Astros with 82 wins. The White Sox made their first post-2005 playoff appearance in 2008, while the Astros would not return to the postseason until 2015, their third season as an American League team and would not return to the World Series until 2017, their fifth season as an American League team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tomas Mezera", "paragraph_text": "Tomas Mezera (born 5 November 1958 in Czechoslovakia) is a naturalised Australian racing driver. Mezera won the 1988 Bathurst 1000, and for many years was a member of the Holden Racing Team as both a driver and team manager. Mezera's sporting career began as a downhill skier in his native Czechoslovakia, before he emigrated to Australia to be a ski instructor. Mezera retired from racing in 2004 but continues to hold roles in motorsport, most recently as a driving standards advisor to several domestic motor racing championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4 -- 2 in regulation time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Houston Astros", "paragraph_text": "Houston Astros 2017 Houston Astros season Established in 1962 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (2013 -- present) West Division (2013 -- present) National League (1962 -- 2012) Central Division (1994 -- 2012) West Division (1969 -- 1993) Current uniform Retired numbers 5 7 24 25 32 33 34 40 49 42 Colors Navy blue, orange, white Name Houston Astros (1965 -- present) Houston Colt. 45s (1962 -- 1964) Other nicknames' Stros Ballpark Minute Maid Park (2000 -- present) Astrodome (1965 -- 1999) Colt Stadium (1962 -- 1964) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2017 AL Pennants (1) 2017 NL Pennants (1) 2005 AL West Division titles (1) 2017 NL West / Central Division titles (6) 1980 1986 1997 1998 1999 2001 Wild card berths (3) 2005 2015 The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season, losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS. Front office Owner (s) Jim Crane Manager A.J. Hinch General Manager Jeff Luhnow President of Baseball Operations Reid Ryan", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tony Moulai", "paragraph_text": "Tony Moulai (born 17 January 1976 in Saint-Nazaire) is a triathlete from France. Moulai has won three silver medals in his entire sporting career, including one for mixed team relay, and is currently ranked no. 13 in the world by the International Triathlon Union. He is also a member of the Poissy Triathlon team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "FC Barcelona", "paragraph_text": "In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media following in the world among sports teams, with over 90 million Facebook fans as of February 2016. The club has had many prominent people among its supporters, including Pope John Paul II, who was an honorary member, and former prime minister of Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. FC Barcelona has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Los Tarcos Rugby Club", "paragraph_text": "The rugby union team is member of the Unión de Rugby de Tucumán and one of the most successful teams in the province, having won the provincial title 12 times and having reached the final of the Nacional de Clubes once. Many Tarcos players went on to represent Argentina at international level, including Luis Molina, Marcelo Ricci, Pablo and Fernando Buabse, Sergio Bunader and Leonardo Gravano.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tiia Piili", "paragraph_text": "Tiia Piili (born April 16, 1979 in Lappeenranta, Finland) is a Finnish gymnast who has won the Federation of International Sports, Aerobics and Fitness (FISAF) sport aerobics World Championship four times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Football is the most popular sport in Portugal. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history. FIFA World Player of the Year winners Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014, are among the numerous examples of other world-class football players born in Portugal and noted worldwide. Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José among the most renowned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 180233, "question": "José Herrera >> member of sports team", "answer": "Astros", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 53295, "question": "how many times have #1 won a world series", "answer": "1", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Doubleday Field", "paragraph_text": "Doubleday Field is a baseball stadium in Cooperstown, New York named for Abner Doubleday and located two village blocks from the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Country Heritage Park", "paragraph_text": "The Country Heritage Park (Formerly the Ontario Agricultural Museum) is located next to Highway 401 and the Niagara Escarpment in Milton, Ontario, Canada, and recreates rural life in the 19th century in Ontario. During the day it also acts as a private school and office, and hosts parties at night.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Quit India speech", "paragraph_text": "The Quit India speech is a speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, on the eve of the Quit India movement. He called for determined, but passive resistance that signified the certitude that Gandhi foresaw for the movement, best described by his call to Do or Die. His speech was issued at the Gowalia Tank Maidan park in Bombay (now Mumbai), since renamed August Kranti Maidan (August Revolution Ground). However, almost the entire Congress leadership, and not merely at the national level, was put into confinement less than twenty - four hours after Gandhi's speech, and the greater number of the Congress leaders were to spend the rest of the war in jail. Gandhi made this speech to help India gain Independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "National Gandhi Museum", "paragraph_text": "The National Gandhi Museum or Gandhi Memorial Museum is a museum located in New Delhi, India showcasing the life and principles of Mahatma Gandhi. The museum first opened in Mumbai, shortly after Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. The museum relocated several times before moving to Raj Ghat, New Delhi in 1961.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "National Museum of Natural History", "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Canada Aviation and Space Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Canada Aviation and Space Museum () (formerly the Canada Aviation Museum and National Aeronautical Collection) is Canada's national aviation history museum. The museum is located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, at the Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature", "paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sevagram", "paragraph_text": "Sevagram is a small village, located about 8 km from Wardha. Mahatma Gandhi set up his ashram in the outskirts of the village when barely 1,000 people lived there. Seth Jamnalal Bajaj of Wardha, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, made available to the ashram about 300 acres (1.2 km) of land. Near the ashram there is a museum where artifacts of India's freedom struggle are preserved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ferenc Széchényi", "paragraph_text": "Count Ferenc Széchényi (29 April 1754 in Fertőszéplak – 13 December 1820 in Vienna) was the founder of the Hungarian National Library and National Museum in Budapest. The library is named after him the National Széchényi Library. He was the father of István Széchenyi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jacques Daget", "paragraph_text": "Jacques Daget (30 June 1919, Vineuil – 29 June 2009), was a French ichthyologist. He was a professor at the National Museum of National History, in Paris. Several marine species have been named after him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Swaraj Party", "paragraph_text": "After his release from prison in 1924, Gandhi sought to bring back the Swarajists to the Congress and re-unite the party. Gandhi's supporters were in a vast majority in the Congress, and the Congress still remained India's largest political party, but Gandhi felt it necessary to heal the divide with the Swarajists, so as to heal the nation's wounds over the 1922 suspension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "London Transport Museum", "paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Museum Van Loon", "paragraph_text": "Museum Van Loon is a museum located in a canalside house alongside the Keizersgracht in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The museum is named after the family Van Loon that lived in the house from the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Carina Dahl", "paragraph_text": "Dahl participated in Big Brother 2006, a joint event shared by broadcasters in Sweden and Norway. Dahl was the last housemate to be voted off before the finale, spending a total of 107 days in the house.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai", "paragraph_text": "Gandhi Memorial Museum, established in 1959, is a memorial museum for Gandhi located in the city of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. Known as Gandhi Museum, it is now one of the five Gandhi Sanghralayas (Gandhi Museums) in the country. It includes a part of the blood-stained garment worn by Gandhi when he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Shchusev Museum of Architecture", "paragraph_text": "The Shchusev State Museum of Architecture is a national museum of Russian Architecture located in Moscow the capital of Russia and also a research centre to study and promote the architectural and urban heritage. The museum was founded in 1934 and is located on the Vozdvizhenka Street. The collections include more than 1 million items. The museum is named after famous Russian and Soviet architect Alexey Shchusev.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Quit India speech", "paragraph_text": "The Quit India speech is a speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, on the eve of the Quit India movement. He called for determined, but passive resistance that signified the certitude that Gandhi foresaw for the movement, best described by his call to \"Do or Die\". His speech was issued at the Gowalia Tank Maidan park in Bombay (now Mumbai), since renamed \"August Kranti Maidan\" (August Revolution Ground). However, almost the entire Congress leadership, and not merely at the national level, was put into confinement less than twenty-four hours after Gandhi's speech, and the greater number of the Congress leaders were to spend the rest of the war in jail. Gandhi made this speech to help India gain Independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "National History Museum (Malaysia)", "paragraph_text": "The National History Museum (Malay: Muzium Sejarah Nasional) was the second national museum in Malaysia after the National Museum. It was located opposite Dataran Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur. As of November 2007 it is closed and the entire collection has been moved to the National Museum.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 135693, "question": "Whom is National Gandhi Museum named after?", "answer": "Mahatma Gandhi", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 11211, "question": "In which location did #1 spend the final 144 days of his life?", "answer": "Gandhi Smriti", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Aurora Teagarden", "paragraph_text": "Aurora Teagarden Candace Cameron Bure as Aurora Teagarden First appearance Real Murders Last appearance Sleep Like a Baby Created by Charlaine Harris Portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Elizabeth Claypole", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Claypole (\"née\" Cromwell; 2 July 1629 – 6 August 1658) was the second daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife, Elizabeth Cromwell, and reportedly interceded with her father for royalist prisoners. After Cromwell created a peerage for her husband, John Claypole, she was known as Lady Claypole. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Walking Tall (1973 film)", "paragraph_text": "Buford Pusser (Joe Don Baker), at his wife Pauline's (Elizabeth Hartman) behest, retires from the professional wrestling ring and moves back to Tennessee to start a logging business with his father, Carl Pusser (Noah Beery, Jr.).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lyman Beecher", "paragraph_text": "Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was a Presbyterian minister, American Temperance Society co-founder and leader, and the father of 13 children, many of whom became noted figures, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher and Thomas K. Beecher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Henry Cromwell", "paragraph_text": "Henry Cromwell (20 January 1628 – 23 March 1674) was the fourth son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier, and an important figure in the Parliamentarian regime in Ireland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was \"passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one\", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hauterive Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Hauterive Abbey () is a Cistercian abbey in the Swiss municipality of Hauterive in the canton of Fribourg. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire Hauterive area is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "paragraph_text": "Geoffrey Chaucer (/ ˈtʃɔːsər /; c. 1343 -- 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Notley Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dominic of Silos", "paragraph_text": "Dominic of Silos, O.S.B., () (1000 – December 20, 1073) was a Spanish monk, to whom the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos, where he served as the abbot, is dedicated. He is revered as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is December 20.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Waldo of Reichenau", "paragraph_text": "He belonged to a noble Frankish family of the von Wetterau (Conradines). His father was Richbold Count of Breisgau and his older brother was (Rupert) Ruthard Baron von Aargau. In 782 he became Abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall, where he established a library. From 786 until 806 he was Abbot of Reichenau Abbey, where he established a library and a school. Charlemagne made him Bishop of Pavia and Basle in 791. In 805 Charlemagne made him Imperial Abbot and Abbot of the Abbey of St.-Denis in Paris where he died in 814.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Doris Bures", "paragraph_text": "Bures attended elementary school and a commercial school. She became a federal secretary of the International Union of Socialist Youth in 1980 and worked in a project with unemployed young people between 1985 and 1986. Between 1988 and 1994 Bures was employed as secretary in a local social democratic organisation in Vienna and became general secretary of the Austrian tenant association in 1995. Afterwards Bures was Bundesgeschäftsführerin (executive director) of the SPÖ between 2000 and 2007 and also 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Corpusty", "paragraph_text": "Corpusty is a village and civil parish in North Norfolk, Norfolk in eastern England. Corpusty and its twin village Saxthorpe are situated either side of the river Bure which starts at Melton Constable and flows on to Yarmouth. Corpusty is about sixteen miles from Norwich and six miles (10 km) from Holt, Aylsham, and Reepham.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2003 Canadian Figure Skating Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were the Canadian Figure Skating Championships of the 2002–03 figure skating season. They are a figure skating national championship held annually to determine the national champions of Canada. It is organized by Skate Canada, the nation's figure skating governing body.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bure Wemberma", "paragraph_text": "Bure Wemberma was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its name was created from a combination of its largest town, Bure, and the historic district of Wemberma (also transliterated \"Wombarma\"), which lay north of the Abay River between its tributaries the Zingini and Fatam. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Bure Wemberma was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Oromia Region, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by Sekela, on the northeast by Jabi Tehnan, on the east by Dembecha, and on the southeast by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. Other towns in Bure Wemberma included Shendi. Bure Wembera was divided for Bure and Wemberma woredas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Abbey National", "paragraph_text": "In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Memleben Abbey", "paragraph_text": "In 1015 the golden age of Memleben Abbey ended. On his accession in 1002, Henry II, the successor of Otto III, initially had confirmed to Abbot Reinhold of Memleben the privileges and possessions of his predecessors, on par with the Imperial abbeys of Fulda, Corvey and Reichenau. However, thirteen years later, he substantially disempowered and dispossessed the Memleben community in favour of Hersfeld Abbey, to whom he subordinated it, in return for estates for his pet project, the newly created Bishopric of Bamberg. The decline of Memleben Abbey, and its Ottonian \"memoria\", was thus ensured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Matthew Noble", "paragraph_text": "Matthew Noble (23 March 1817 – 23 June 1876) was a leading British portrait sculptor. Carver of numerous monumental figures and busts including work memorializing Victorian era royalty and statesmen displayed in locations such as Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral and in Parliament Square, London.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 460884, "question": "Elizabeth Claypole >> father", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Memleben Abbey", "paragraph_text": "In 1015 the golden age of Memleben Abbey ended. On his accession in 1002, Henry II, the successor of Otto III, initially had confirmed to Abbot Reinhold of Memleben the privileges and possessions of his predecessors, on par with the Imperial abbeys of Fulda, Corvey and Reichenau. However, thirteen years later, he substantially disempowered and dispossessed the Memleben community in favour of Hersfeld Abbey, to whom he subordinated it, in return for estates for his pet project, the newly created Bishopric of Bamberg. The decline of Memleben Abbey, and its Ottonian \"memoria\", was thus ensured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lyman Beecher", "paragraph_text": "Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was a Presbyterian minister, American Temperance Society co-founder and leader, and the father of 13 children, many of whom became noted figures, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher and Thomas K. Beecher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated here. The practice of burying national figures in the Abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727 and Charles Darwin buried 19 April 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Henry Cromwell", "paragraph_text": "Henry Cromwell (20 January 1628 – 23 March 1674) was the fourth son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier, and an important figure in the Parliamentarian regime in Ireland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hauterive Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Hauterive Abbey () is a Cistercian abbey in the Swiss municipality of Hauterive in the canton of Fribourg. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire Hauterive area is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Henri Caillavet", "paragraph_text": "Henri Caillavet (June 2, 1914 – February 27, 2013) was a French political figure most prominent during the postwar years 1946-58, when, during the Fourth Republic, he was a member of the National Assembly and as a Senator from 1967-1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Anne Boleyn", "paragraph_text": "Public support remained with Queen Catherine. One evening in the autumn of 1531, Anne was dining at a manor house on the river Thames and was almost seized by a crowd of angry women. Anne just managed to escape by boat.When Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham died in 1532, the Boleyn family chaplain, Thomas Cranmer, was appointed, with papal approval.In 1532, Thomas Cromwell brought before Parliament a number of acts including the Supplication against the Ordinaries and Submission of the Clergy, which recognised royal supremacy over the church, thus finalising the break with Rome. Following these acts, Thomas More resigned as Chancellor, leaving Cromwell as Henry's chief minister.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Notley Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Abbey National", "paragraph_text": "In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of Once Upon a Time characters", "paragraph_text": "Henry Daniel Mills is a fictional character in ABC's television series Once Upon a Time. Henry is the boy Emma Swan gave up to adoption; Regina Mills adopted him. Henry was first portrayed as a child by Jared S. Gilmore, who won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series -- Leading Young Actor in 2012. Starting with the seventh season, Andrew J. West took over the role of Henry as an adult and father to a ten - year - old girl named Lucy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Aurora Teagarden", "paragraph_text": "Aurora Teagarden Candace Cameron Bure as Aurora Teagarden First appearance Real Murders Last appearance Sleep Like a Baby Created by Charlaine Harris Portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Fountain of Time", "paragraph_text": "Fountain of Time, or simply Time, is a sculpture by Lorado Taft, measuring in length, situated at the western edge of the Midway Plaisance within Washington Park in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. This location is in the Washington Park community area on Chicago's South Side. Inspired by Henry Austin Dobson's poem \"Paradox of Time\", and with its 100 figures passing before Father Time, the work was created as a monument to the first 100 years of peace between the United States and the United Kingdom, resulting from the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. Although the fountain's water began running in 1920, the sculpture was not dedicated to the city until 1922. The sculpture is a contributing structure to the Washington Park United States Registered Historic District, which is a National Register of Historic Places listing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Francis Mallet", "paragraph_text": "The son of William Mallet of Normanton, West Yorkshire, Francis Mallet graduated from the University of Cambridge, B.A. in 1522, M.A. (1525) and D.D. (1535), and became the last Master of Michaelhouse, Cambridge, in 1533, before it was merged with King's Hall to form Trinity College. He had in this the support of Thomas Cromwell; Mallet became chaplain to Thomas Cranmer in the mid-1530s, and was chaplain to Cromwell in 1538. Mallet was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, in 1536 and in 1540. The college was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1546.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Portrait of Thomas Cromwell", "paragraph_text": "Portrait of Thomas Cromwell is a small oil painting by the German and Swiss artist Hans Holbein the Younger, usually dated to between 1532 and 1534, when Cromwell, an English lawyer and statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540, was around 48 years old. It is one of two portraits Holbein painted of him; the other is a tondo from a series of medallions of Tudor courtiers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Doris Bures", "paragraph_text": "Bures attended elementary school and a commercial school. She became a federal secretary of the International Union of Socialist Youth in 1980 and worked in a project with unemployed young people between 1985 and 1986. Between 1988 and 1994 Bures was employed as secretary in a local social democratic organisation in Vienna and became general secretary of the Austrian tenant association in 1995. Afterwards Bures was Bundesgeschäftsführerin (executive director) of the SPÖ between 2000 and 2007 and also 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Corpusty", "paragraph_text": "Corpusty is a village and civil parish in North Norfolk, Norfolk in eastern England. Corpusty and its twin village Saxthorpe are situated either side of the river Bure which starts at Melton Constable and flows on to Yarmouth. Corpusty is about sixteen miles from Norwich and six miles (10 km) from Holt, Aylsham, and Reepham.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 592759, "question": "Henry Cromwell >> father", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire \"Jiu Han jun\" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the \"imperial estates\" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Yellow River", "paragraph_text": "Early Chinese literature including the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu dating to the Warring States period (475 -- 221 BC) refers to the Yellow River as simply 河 (Old Chinese: * C. gʕaj, modern Chinese (Pinyin) Hé), a character that has come to mean ``river ''in modern usage. The first appearance of the name 黃河 (Old Chinese: * N - kwʕaŋ C. gʕaj; Middle Chinese: Huang Ha) is in the Book of Han written during the Eastern Han dynasty about the Western Han dynasty. The adjective`` yellow'' describes the perennial color of the muddy water in the lower course of the river, which arises from soil (loess) being carried downstream.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a \"divide-and-rule\" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than \"comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet.\" Rossabi states that this theory \"attributes too much influence to the Chinese,\" pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the \"divide-and-rule\" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Korea", "paragraph_text": "According to legend, Dangun, a descendant of Heaven, established Gojoseon in 2333 BC. In 108 BC, the Han dynasty defeated Gojoseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. Three of the commanderies fell or retreated westward within a few decades, but the Lelang commandery remained as a center of cultural and economic exchange with successive Chinese dynasties for four centuries. By 313, Goguryeo annexed all of the Chinese commanderies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun (1241–1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)", "paragraph_text": "Italy under the Fascist leadership of Benito Mussolini supported the overthrow of the republic and the establishment of a regime that would serve as a client state to Italy. Italy distrusted the Spanish Republic due to its pro-French leanings and prior to the war had made contact with Spanish right - wing groups. Italy justified its intervention as an action intended to prevent the rise of Bolshevism in Spain. Italy's Fascist regime considered the threat of Bolshevism a real risk with the arrival of volunteers from the Soviet Union who were fighting for the Republicans. Mussolini provided financial support as well as training to the Alfonsists, Carlists, and Falange. Mussolini met Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 but did not have much enthusiasm in the establishment of fascism in Spain at that time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Han (Chinese surname)", "paragraph_text": "Han (simplified Chinese: 韩; traditional Chinese: 韓; pinyin: Hán; Korean: 한) is a common Chinese surname. The spelling ``Han ''is based on China's pinyin system and so used throughout Mainland China. Spelling can vary from 'Hon' in Cantonese - speaking areas to 'Hang' in Hainan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Maxim Thorne", "paragraph_text": "Maxim Thorne is an American lawyer and civil rights advocate who teaches on philanthropy at Yale University. He is the founder of JusticeInvestor, a litigation crowdfunding company focused on environmental and social justice cases. He became a Senior Vice-President of the NAACP in 2008, where he helped establish the first LGBT Task Force. Thorne helped argue \"Abbott v. Burke\" on behalf of Head Start and the NAACP.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the \"Nanjing Regime\" or \"Reorganized National Government of China\" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a \"mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron,\" respectively. He adds that \"Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), the Han Chinese government \"maintained the fiction\" that the foreign officials administering the various \"Dependent States\" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinction between Han Chinese and Manchus extended to their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "United States presidential line of succession", "paragraph_text": "The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 was the first succession law passed by Congress. The act was contentious because the Federalists did not want the then Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, who had become the leader of the Democratic - Republicans, to follow the Vice President in the succession. There were also separation of powers concerns over including the Chief Justice of the United States in the line. The compromise they worked out established the President pro tempore of the Senate as next in line after the Vice President, followed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Drakpa Odzer", "paragraph_text": "Drakpa Odzer () (1246 - 1303) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (\"Dishi\") at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He hailed from Sakya which was the foremost monastic regime in Tibet in this period. He held the post from 1291 to his death in 1303.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yuan dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (劉黑馬, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (蕭札剌) defected and commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army. Liu Heima and Shi Tianze served Ogödei Khan. Liu Heima and Shi Tianxiang led armies against Western Xia for the Mongols. There were 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops. The three Khitan Generals Shimobeidier (石抹孛迭兒), Tabuyir (塔不已兒) and Xiaozhacizhizizhongxi (蕭札刺之子重喜) commanded the three Khitan Tumens and the four Han Generals Zhang Rou, Yan Shi, Shi Tianze, and Liu Heima commanded the four Han tumens under Ogödei Khan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 887, "question": "Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?", "answer": "the Mongols", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 41622, "question": "Who did the Han Chinese want to help the #1 fight?", "answer": "the Jin", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Jin" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Quit India speech", "paragraph_text": "The Quit India speech is a speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, on the eve of the Quit India movement. He called for determined, but passive resistance that signified the certitude that Gandhi foresaw for the movement, best described by his call to \"Do or Die\". His speech was issued at the Gowalia Tank Maidan park in Bombay (now Mumbai), since renamed \"August Kranti Maidan\" (August Revolution Ground). However, almost the entire Congress leadership, and not merely at the national level, was put into confinement less than twenty-four hours after Gandhi's speech, and the greater number of the Congress leaders were to spend the rest of the war in jail. Gandhi made this speech to help India gain Independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Salt March", "paragraph_text": "The march was the most significant organised challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920 -- 22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self - rule by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Toni (1935 film)", "paragraph_text": "Toni is a 1935 French drama film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Charles Blavette, Celia Montalván and Édouard Delmont. It is an early example of the casting of non-professional actors and on-location shooting - both of which would influence the Left Bank of the French New Wave movement. Examining the romantic interactions between a group of immigrants (both from abroad and other parts of France) working around a quarry and a farm in Provence, it is also generally considered a major precursor to the Italian neorealist movement. Luchino Visconti, one of the founding members of the later film movement, was assistant director on the film. It was based out of Marcel Pagnol's studios in Marseille and shot entirely on location in the South of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Non-cooperation movement", "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or ``Ahimsa ''. Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mahatma Gandhi", "paragraph_text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡæn - /; Hindustani: (ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ɦi) (listen); 2 October 1869 -- 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: ``high - souled '',`` venerable'') -- applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa -- is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Quit India speech", "paragraph_text": "The Quit India speech is a speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, on the eve of the Quit India movement. He called for determined, but passive resistance that signified the certitude that Gandhi foresaw for the movement, best described by his call to Do or Die. His speech was issued at the Gowalia Tank Maidan park in Bombay (now Mumbai), since renamed August Kranti Maidan (August Revolution Ground). However, almost the entire Congress leadership, and not merely at the national level, was put into confinement less than twenty - four hours after Gandhi's speech, and the greater number of the Congress leaders were to spend the rest of the war in jail. Gandhi made this speech to help India gain Independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Peres Center for Peace", "paragraph_text": "The Peres Center for Peace, located in Jaffa, Israel, is an independent non-profit, non-governmental, and non-political organization founded in 1996 by Nobel Peace Laureate and former President of Israel Shimon Peres. Its aim is to further Peres' vision of people in the Middle East working together to build peace through socio-economic cooperation and development and people-to-people interaction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cubism", "paragraph_text": "Historians have divided the history of Cubism into phases. In one scheme, the first phase of Cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, a phrase coined by Juan Gris a posteriori, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1910 and 1912 in France. A second phase, Synthetic Cubism, remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity. English art historian Douglas Cooper proposed another scheme, describing three phases of Cubism in his book, The Cubist Epoch. According to Cooper there was \"Early Cubism\", (from 1906 to 1908) when the movement was initially developed in the studios of Picasso and Braque; the second phase being called \"High Cubism\", (from 1909 to 1914) during which time Juan Gris emerged as an important exponent (after 1911); and finally Cooper referred to \"Late Cubism\" (from 1914 to 1921) as the last phase of Cubism as a radical avant-garde movement. Douglas Cooper's restrictive use of these terms to distinguish the work of Braque, Picasso, Gris (from 1911) and Léger (to a lesser extent) implied an intentional value judgement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "South Yemen insurgency", "paragraph_text": "The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen, ongoing since 27 April 2009, on South Yemen's independence day. Although the violence has been blamed on elements within the southern secessionist movement, leaders of the group maintain that their aims of independence are to be achieved through peaceful means, and claim that attacks are from ordinary citizens in response to the government's provocative actions. The insurgency comes amid the Shia insurgency in the country's north as led by the Houthi communities. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement. Southern separatist insurgents are active mainly in the area of former South Yemen, but also in Ad Dali' Governorate, which was not a part of the independent southern state. They are supported by the United Arab Emirates, even though the UAE is a member of the Saudi Arabian-led coalition working to support the Yemeni government under President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Free India Centre", "paragraph_text": "The Free India Centre (German: Zentrale Freies Indien) was the European branch of the Provisional Government of Free India, the provisional government of the Azad Hind movement for Indian independence led by Subhas Chandra Bose. It was founded by Bose when he was in Berlin in 1942, and headed by A.C.N. Nambiar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kargil War", "paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hera Gallery", "paragraph_text": "Hera Gallery is a small, non-profit artist cooperative in Wakefield, Rhode Island USA. Created within the context of the feminist art movement, Hera Gallery was a pioneer in the genesis of artist-run spaces. Its founding objective in 1974 was to provide a venue for women artists, under-represented at the time in commercial galleries. As the cultural climate changed in the 1980s, the gallery broadened its scope to include visual artists of both genders. Concurrently, Hera curated more topical exhibitions with a broadened spectrum of social awareness and activism. To this day, the gallery provides contemporary artists with the opportunity to address cultural, social, and political issues and to maintain creative control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle. The Government of India Act 1935 was a major success in this regard. All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Salt March", "paragraph_text": "The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea - salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 26 - day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started this march with 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles. They walked for 24 days 10 miles a day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Vedaranyam March", "paragraph_text": "The Vedaranyam March (also called the Vedaranyam Satyagraha) was a framework of the nonviolent civil disobedience movement in British India. Modeled on the lines of Dandi March, which was led by Mahatma Gandhi on the western coast of India the month before, it was organised to protest the salt tax imposed by the British Raj in the colonial India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2018 Asia Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Asia Cup Final was the final of the 2018 Asia Cup, a One Day International cricket tournament, and was played between India and Bangladesh on 28 September 2018 in Dubai. India were the defending champions, and retained their title by beating Bangladesh by three wickets in the final over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Independence Day (India)", "paragraph_text": "Independence Day is annually celebrated on 15 August, as a national holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the UK Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act 1947 transferring legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly. India still retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to full republican constitution. India attained independence following the Independence Movement noted for largely nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress (INC). Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which the British India was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence. On 15 August 1947, the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the prime minister customarily raises the flag and gives an address to the nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Carina Dahl", "paragraph_text": "Dahl participated in Big Brother 2006, a joint event shared by broadcasters in Sweden and Norway. Dahl was the last housemate to be voted off before the finale, spending a total of 107 days in the house.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 73984, "question": "who led non cooperation movement in south india", "answer": "Mahatma Gandhi", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 11211, "question": "In which location did #1 spend the final 144 days of his life?", "answer": "Gandhi Smriti", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Longino Welch", "paragraph_text": "Longino Welch was an American track and field athlete for Georgia Tech. He won the pole vault competition at the first NCAA track and field championships in 1921 with a jump of 12 feet. Welch graduated from Georgia Tech in 1923 with a degree in electrical engineering. He was inducted into the Georgia Tech Athletics Hall of Fame in 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Babe Didrikson Zaharias", "paragraph_text": "Mildred Ella ``Babe ''Didrikson Zaharias (/ zəˈhɑːriəs /; June 26, 1911 -- September 27, 1956) was an American athlete who achieved a great deal of success in golf, basketball, baseball and track and field. She won two gold medals in track and field at the 1932 Summer Olympics, before turning to professional golf and winning 10 LPGA major championships. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest female athletes of all time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Foy Draper", "paragraph_text": "Foy Draper (November 26, 1911 – February 1, 1943) was an American track and field athlete who won a gold medal in 4 × 100 m relay at the 1936 Summer Olympics. As a University of Southern California student, Draper won the IC4A championships in 200 m in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Danny Manning", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Ricardo Manning (born May 17, 1966) is an American college basketball coach and retired National Basketball Association player. He is the current men's head coach at Wake Forest. After retiring from professional basketball Manning became an assistant coach at his alma mater, the University of Kansas. He won the national championship with the Jayhawks in 1988 as a player, and again on the coaching staff in 2008. He is the all - time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points; the closest player to his point total, Nick Collison, is 854 points behind.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Earl Eby", "paragraph_text": "Earl William Eby (November 18, 1894 – December 14, 1970) was an American sprinter who won a silver medal in the 800 m at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Earlier at the 1919 Inter-Allied Games he won the 400 m event and placed second in the 800 m to New Zealand's Daniel Mason. He won the 800 m event at the 1920 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1983 Japan Open Tennis Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1983 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series and the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. The tournament was held from 17 October through 23 October 1983. Eliot Teltscher and Etsuko Inoue won the singles titles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Naman Keïta", "paragraph_text": "Naman Keïta (born 9 April 1978 in Paris, France) is a track and field athlete, who takes part in the 400 m hurdles and 4 x 400m relay, competing internationally for France. He won the 4x400m relay gold medal at the 2003 World Championships in Paris, France. He was the bronze medalist in the 400 metres hurdles at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece. Besides, he won a gold medal and a bronze medal in the 4x400 m relay at the European Athletics Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "John McDonnell Field", "paragraph_text": "John McDonnell Field is the outdoor track facility at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and is home to the Arkansas Razorbacks. The field is named after former head coach John McDonnell, who ended his thirty-six-year collegiate head coaching career as the most successful coach in NCAA track history, attaining a total of 42 NCAA Championships (although the University was stripped of two due to NCAA sanctions) in three different sports with the Razorbacks. Renovated in 2006, it is one of only ten International Association of Athletics Federations Class 1 certified tracks in the United States (along with Robert C. Haugh Complex - Outdoor Track and Field, Jack Rose Track, Hutsell-Rosen Track, Hayward Field, Roy P. Drachman Stadium, Icahn Stadium, UT San Antonio's Park West Athletic Complex, E.B. Cushing Stadium, and Rock Chalk Park).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Joel McNulty", "paragraph_text": "Joel M. McNulty was an American track and field athlete, who was active in the 1950s. A world class amateur hurdler, McNulty was an All Time Big 10 Conference Men’s Track and Field Winner. McNulty excelled at the 120y (now 110m) and 220y (obsolete) Hurdles. While at the University of Illinois, McNulty won Big Ten Conference, Track and Field (outdoor), competitions no fewer than 3 times (1952, 120y Hurdles, 14.4, and 1952 and 1953, 220y Hurdles, 24.8, both times). McNulty attended the University of Illinois on a scholarship as a sprinter. He, eventually, received both a B.S. and LL.B. from the University, was admitted to the bar in 1959 and, thereafter, had a long career as a business lawyer. McNulty was Alpha Tau Omega.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "FIBT World Championships 1981", "paragraph_text": "The FIBT World Championships 1981 took place in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy for the seventh time, having hosted the event previously in 1937 (Two-man), 1939 (Four-man), 1950, 1954, 1960, and 1966. Following the death of West Germany's Toni Pensperger at the track in 1966, numerous safety improvements were done at the track which were satisfactory enough for the FIBT to allow the championships to be hosted. These improvements would not be enough as American bobsledder James Morgan was killed during the four-man event. The death of a stuntman on the track during the first day of filming of \"For Your Eyes Only\", done a week after these championships led track officials to shorten the track to its current configuration. Cortina would not host another championship until 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Peter Coghlan", "paragraph_text": "Peter Coghlan (born 27 March 1975 in Dublin) is a retired Irish track and field athlete who specialised in the 110 metres hurdles event. He represented his country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, as well as five outdoor and two indoor World Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Carlette Guidry-White", "paragraph_text": "Carlette D. Guidry (also known as Guidry-White and Guidry-Falkquay; born September 4, 1968, in Houston, Texas) is an American former sprinter who won the Olympic gold medal of the 4 x 100 metres relay in 1992 in Barcelona and again in 1996 in Atlanta. She also competed in the individual 200m race in 1992 and 1996. Guidry-White won a silver medal in the 60 metres event at the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships, which was coincidentally held in Barcelona. The same year she finished fourth at the outdoor championships. At the collegiate level, Guidry competed for the Texas Longhorns of the University of Texas at Austin between 1987 and 1991. She collected a total of twelve NCAA titles, and was named Southwest Conference Athlete of the Decade in indoor track and outdoor track and field for the 1980s. She was also honoured as Indoor Track And Field Most Outstanding Student-Athletes In Honor Of The 25th Anniversary Of NCAA Women's Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tosin Oke", "paragraph_text": "Tosin Oke (born 1 October 1980 in London, England) is a Nigerian track and field athlete, who competes in the triple jump. Born a dual national, he initially competed for Great Britain. He set the current UK junior indoor record and was 1 cm shy of the outdoor junior record. He was the 1999 European Athletics Junior Championships Champion, and came 5th at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. After multiple indoor and outdoor UK titles, he later switched to compete for Nigeria. Since competing for Nigeria he has won back-to-back African Championships in Athletics titles and the Commonwealth Games championship and is the current All-Africa Games Champion. At the 2012 Summer Olympics Oke finished seventh in the triple jump final, the best Nigerian result of the Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Joetta Clark Diggs", "paragraph_text": "Joetta Clark Diggs (née Clark, born August 1, 1962 in East Orange, New Jersey) is a retired American track and field champion, specializing in middle distance running. She ran for more than 28 consecutive years never missing an indoor or outdoor season, with her races being in the 800 meters and 1500 meters. A 4-time Olympian in 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000, she competed in every outdoor USA Championships or Olympic trials between 1979 and 2000, winning five outdoor championships. Indoors, she was in the national championship race in 18 of the last 19 years, winning seven times. Clark Diggs has been ranked in the top 10 in the world since 1991. Moreover, in 1998 at age 36, she was ranked number four in the world. This was her best ranking out of six such appearances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "William Stevenson (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "William Edwards Stevenson (October 25, 1900 – April 2, 1985) was an American track and field athlete, lawyer and diplomat, who won the gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1924 Summer Olympics, and later served as president of Oberlin College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lacy Janson", "paragraph_text": "Lacy Janson (born February 20, 1983) is an American track and field athlete who specialized in the pole vault. She was the 2010 USA indoor champion in the event and represented her country at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships. At college level, she won both an outdoor and an indoor NCAA title for Florida State University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1996 Bausch & Lomb Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1996 Bausch & Lomb Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held from April 8 through April 14, 1996. Eighth-seeded Irina Spîrlea won the singles title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kelley Bowman", "paragraph_text": "Kelley Bowman (born March 26, 1983 in Richmond, Kentucky) is an NCAA All American high jumper for the University of Louisville. The Rockcastle County native finished third at the 2006 NCAA Outdoor Championships with a jump of 1.86 meters or 6 feet 1¼ inches, which broke the University of Louisville school record. She is only the second University of Louisville female Track and Field athlete to ever be named an All American.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Michael Rutt", "paragraph_text": "Michael Rutt (born October 28, 1987) is an American middle distance runner. In August 2014, Michael was hired as the assistant Track and Field Coach at The College of New Jersey. In August 2016, Michael left TCNJ to join the University Massachusetts-Lowell Track and Field Team as the assistant Track and Field Coach.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62735, "question": "who did danny manning play for in college", "answer": "the University of Kansas", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 7666, "question": "How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by #1 ?", "answer": "one", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Charlotte Brontë", "paragraph_text": "In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily, and Anne self-financed the publication of a joint collection of poems under their assumed names Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The pseudonyms veiled the sisters' sex while preserving their initials; thus Charlotte was Currer Bell. \"Bell\" was the middle name of Haworth's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls whom Charlotte later married, and \"Currer\" was the surname of Frances Mary Richardson Currer who had funded their school (and maybe their father). Of the decision to use noms de plume, Charlotte wrote:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of the Panama Canal", "paragraph_text": "Construction of the canal began on January 1, 1881, with digging at Culebra beginning on January 22. A large labor force was assembled, numbering about 40,000 in 1888 (nine - tenths of whom were afro - Caribbean workers from the West Indies). Although the project attracted good, well - paid French engineers, retaining them was difficult due to disease. The death toll from 1881 to 1889 was estimated at over 22,000, of whom as many as 5,000 were French citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Thomas Lombard", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Lombard began playing Rugby Union with Racing but he moved to Stade Français with whom he won four top 14s. After a new title in 2004, he left Paris to play for Worcester Warriors. He then returned to his original club, Racing. He earned his first cap for the France national team on November 14, 1998 against Argentina. In 2001 He played his last test for France during the Six Nations Championship against Wales.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lyman Beecher", "paragraph_text": "Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was a Presbyterian minister, American Temperance Society co-founder and leader, and the father of 13 children, many of whom became noted figures, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher and Thomas K. Beecher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Memleben Abbey", "paragraph_text": "In 1015 the golden age of Memleben Abbey ended. On his accession in 1002, Henry II, the successor of Otto III, initially had confirmed to Abbot Reinhold of Memleben the privileges and possessions of his predecessors, on par with the Imperial abbeys of Fulda, Corvey and Reichenau. However, thirteen years later, he substantially disempowered and dispossessed the Memleben community in favour of Hersfeld Abbey, to whom he subordinated it, in return for estates for his pet project, the newly created Bishopric of Bamberg. The decline of Memleben Abbey, and its Ottonian \"memoria\", was thus ensured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of the verified oldest people", "paragraph_text": "There are eight living people on this list, all of whom are women and the oldest of whom is Nabi Tajima of Japan, aged 117 years, 258 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Joseph-Marie Timon-David", "paragraph_text": "Joseph-Marie Timon-David was born on January 29, 1823 in Marseille, into a wealthy and deeply Christian family, which had experienced the trials of the French Revolution. His father spent much of Joseph's youth abroad. Joseph was the fifth child of the family, an endearing, sensitive, imaginative, willing, intelligent and intuitive boy. His mother educated him with tact and patience, which is not the case for all the teachers to whom he is entrusted during his childhood. The memory of their harsh methods of education will remain with him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dominic of Silos", "paragraph_text": "Dominic of Silos, O.S.B., () (1000 – December 20, 1073) was a Spanish monk, to whom the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos, where he served as the abbot, is dedicated. He is revered as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is December 20.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mari Yoriko Sabusawa", "paragraph_text": "Mari Yoriko Sabusawa (July 10, 1920 – September 25, 1994), second-generation Japanese American, was a translator and the third wife of novelist James A. Michener, whom she married on October 23, 1955, in Chicago, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated here. The practice of burying national figures in the Abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727 and Charles Darwin buried 19 April 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "American Horror Story: Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The present and past stories of the Hotel are interwoven with the present tale of Detective John Lowe (Wes Bentley), who is first drawn to the hotel by a series of murders committed by a serial killer the victims of whom each exemplify a sin in violation of one of the Ten Commandments, and his wife, Dr. Alex Lowe (Chloe Sevigny). As the season unfolds, it is revealed that certain past events -- including the earlier disappearance of the Lowes' young son Holden -- are also entangled in the stories of the Countess and the Hotel Cortez.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bure Wemberma", "paragraph_text": "Bure Wemberma was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its name was created from a combination of its largest town, Bure, and the historic district of Wemberma (also transliterated \"Wombarma\"), which lay north of the Abay River between its tributaries the Zingini and Fatam. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Bure Wemberma was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Oromia Region, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by Sekela, on the northeast by Jabi Tehnan, on the east by Dembecha, and on the southeast by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. Other towns in Bure Wemberma included Shendi. Bure Wembera was divided for Bure and Wemberma woredas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mary Scotvold", "paragraph_text": "Mary Batdorf Scotvold is an American figure skating coach, best known for her work with Olympic medalists Paul Wylie and Nancy Kerrigan, whom she co-coached with her husband, Evy Scotvold.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of Little House on the Prairie characters", "paragraph_text": "Name Seasons No. of episodes Portrayer Character summary Almanzo Wilder 6 -- 9 65 Dean Butler Farmer; Laura's husband (season 7); Rose's father; nicknamed ``Manly ''by Laura Adam Kendall 4 -- 8 35 Linwood Boomer Teacher of the blind; Mary's husband (season 5) Adam Kendall Jr. 6 Unknown Adam and Mary's son; dies in fire with Alice Garvey Jenny Wilder 9 18 Shannen Doherty Almanzo's niece, whom he gets custody of after his brother / her father Royal dies Eliza Jane Wilder 6 -- 8 14 Lucy Lee Flippin Teacher; Almanzo's older sister", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Notley Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Baby Face Morgan", "paragraph_text": "Baby Face Morgan is a 1942 American comedy of errors crime film directed by Arthur Dreifuss. It starred Mary Carlisle and Richard Cromwell.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mary Steele", "paragraph_text": "Mary Steele (November 1678 – 26 December 1718) (\"née\" Mary Scurlock) was the second wife of Sir Richard Steele, whom she married in 1707.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg", "paragraph_text": "Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg (9 February 1637 (christened) – 14 March 1713) was an English noblewoman, the third daughter of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 124495, "question": "The father of Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg is whom?", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city, to intimidate the native inhabitants. In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Habeas corpus in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Habeas corpus derives from the English common law where the first recorded usage was in 1305, in the reign of King Edward I of England. The procedure for the issuing of writs of habeas corpus was first codified by the Habeas Corpus Act 1679, following judicial rulings which had restricted the effectiveness of the writ. A previous act had been passed in 1640 to overturn a ruling that the command of the Queen was a sufficient answer to a petition of habeas corpus. Winston Churchill, in his chapter on the English Common Law in The Birth of Britain, explains the process thus:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Valencia", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid. Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition. The king abolished the Constitution of 1812. He followed this act by dissolving the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. Thus began six years (1814–1820) of absolutist rule, but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal, a period of three years of liberal government in Spain from 1820–1823.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bure Wemberma", "paragraph_text": "Bure Wemberma was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its name was created from a combination of its largest town, Bure, and the historic district of Wemberma (also transliterated \"Wombarma\"), which lay north of the Abay River between its tributaries the Zingini and Fatam. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Bure Wemberma was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Oromia Region, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by Sekela, on the northeast by Jabi Tehnan, on the east by Dembecha, and on the southeast by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. Other towns in Bure Wemberma included Shendi. Bure Wembera was divided for Bure and Wemberma woredas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The Civil War culminated in the execution of the king in 1649, the overthrow of the English monarchy, and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. Charles I's son, Charles II, was proclaimed King of Great Britain in Scotland, but he was forced to flee abroad after he invaded England and was defeated at the Battle of Worcester. In 1653, Oliver Cromwell, the most prominent military and political leader in the nation, seized power and declared himself Lord Protector (effectively becoming a military dictator, but refusing the title of king). Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658, when he was succeeded by his son Richard. The new Lord Protector had little interest in governing; he soon resigned. The lack of clear leadership led to civil and military unrest, and for a popular desire to restore the monarchy. In 1660, the monarchy was restored and Charles II returned to Britain.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother", "paragraph_text": "The public funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother occurred on Tuesday, 9 April 2002 in Westminster Abbey in London, following her death on 30 March 2002 at the age of 101.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Western Satraps", "paragraph_text": "The Western Satraps, Western Kshatrapas, or Kshaharatas (35–405 CE) were Indo-Scythian (Saka) rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states). The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and were possibly their overlords, and the Satavahana (Andhra) who ruled in Central India. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Saka rulers were defeated by the south Indian Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty. Later the Saka kingdom was completely destroyed by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "When King David II died without issue, his nephew Robert II established the House of Stuart, which would rule Scotland uncontested for the next three centuries. James VI, Stuart king of Scotland, also inherited the throne of England in 1603, and the Stuart kings and queens ruled both independent kingdoms until the Act of Union in 1707 merged the two kingdoms into a new state, the Kingdom of Great Britain. Ruling until 1714, Queen Anne was the last Stuart monarch. Since 1714, the succession of the British monarchs of the houses of Hanover and Saxe - Coburg and Gotha (Windsor) has been due to their descent from James VI and I of the House of Stuart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated here. The practice of burying national figures in the Abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727 and Charles Darwin buried 19 April 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Anuradhapura Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Another notable king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom is Valagamba (103, 89–77 BC), also known as Vatthagamani Abhaya, who was overthrown by five invaders from South India. He regained his throne after defeating these invaders one by one and unified the country again under his rule. Saddha Tissa (137–119 BC), Mahaculi Mahatissa (77–63 BC), Vasabha (67–111), Gajabahu I (114–136), Dhatusena (455–473), Aggabodhi I (571–604) and Aggabodhi II (604–614) were among the rulers who held sway over the entire country after Dutthagamani and Valagamba. Rulers from Kutakanna Tissa (44–22 BC) to Amandagamani (29–19 BC) also managed to keep the whole country under the rule of the Anuradhapura Kingdom. Other rulers could not maintain their rule over the whole island, and independent regions often existed in \"Ruhuna\" and \"Malayarata\" (hill country) for limited periods. During the final years of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, rebellions sprang up and the authority of the kings gradually declined. By the time of Mahinda V (982–1017), the last king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the rule of the king had become so weak that he could not even properly organize the collection of taxes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Carnival", "paragraph_text": "Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks (the devils, the dragon, the ox, the female dragon). Carnival groups stand out for their clothes full of elegance, showing brilliant examples of fabric crafts, at the Saturday and Sunday parades. About 5,000 people are members of the parade groups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Satavahana dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo - Greek kings to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, the Kadambas of Banavasi ruled large parts of modern Karnataka state. The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions, an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers. King Mayurasharma defeated the armies of Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with help of some native tribes. The Kadamba fame reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma, a notable ruler with whom even the kings of Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital alliances. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires, for over five hundred years during which time they branched into minor dynasties known as the Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Hangal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "History of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "James VI, Stuart king of Scotland, also inherited the throne of England in 1603, and the Stuart kings and queens ruled both independent kingdoms until the Act of Union in 1707 merged the two kingdoms into a new state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", "paragraph_text": "Chapter Twelve -- Alice's Evidence: Alice is then called up as a witness. She accidentally knocks over the jury box with the animals inside them and the King orders the animals be placed back into their seats before the trial continues. The King and Queen order Alice to be gone, citing Rule 42 (``All persons more than a mile high to leave the court ''), but Alice disputes their judgement and refuses to leave. She argues with the King and Queen of Hearts over the ridiculous proceedings, eventually refusing to hold her tongue. The Queen shouts her familiar`` Off with her head!'' but Alice is unafraid, calling them out as just a pack of cards; just as they start to swarm over her. Alice's sister wakes her up from a dream, brushing what turns out to be some leaves and not a shower of playing cards from Alice's face. Alice leaves her sister on the bank to imagine all the curious happenings for herself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hanover", "paragraph_text": "In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Olof Skötkonung", "paragraph_text": "Olof Skötkonung (c. 980–1022) was King of Sweden, son of Eric the Victorious and, according to Icelandic sources, Sigrid the Haughty. He succeeded his father in c. 995. He stands at the threshold of recorded history, since he is the first Swedish ruler about whom there is substantial knowledge. He is regarded as the first king known to have ruled both the Swedes and the Geats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wars of Scottish Independence", "paragraph_text": "The war began in earnest with Edward I's brutal sacking of Berwick in March 1296, followed by the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Dunbar and the abdication of John Balliol in July. The English invasion campaign had subdued most of the country by August and, after removing the Stone of Destiny from Scone Abbey and transporting it to Westminster Abbey, Edward convened a parliament at Berwick, where the Scottish nobles paid homage to him as King of England. Scotland had been all but conquered.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 85475, "question": "who was the only ruler of britain who ruled instead of a king or queen", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bombay Presidency", "paragraph_text": "The first English settlement in the Presidency known as Western Presidency was begun in 1618 at Surat in present - day Gujarat, when the East India Company established a factory, protected by a charter obtained from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. In 1626 the Dutch and the English made an unsuccessful attempt to gain possession of the island of Bombay in the coastal Konkan region from Portugal, and in 1653 proposals were suggested for its purchase from the Portuguese. In 1661 Bombay was ceded to the Kingdom of England as part of the dowry of the infanta Catherine of Braganza on her marriage to King Charles II. So lightly was the acquisition esteemed in England, and so unsuccessful was the administration of the crown officers, that in 1668 Bombay was transferred to the East India Company for an annual payment of £10, and the Company established a factory there. At the time of the transfer, powers for the island's defence and for the administration of justice were also conferred on the Company; a European regiment was enrolled; and fortifications were erected which in 1673 proved sufficient to deter the Dutch from an intended attack. As English trade in Bombay increased, Surat (which had been sacked by Shivaji in 1670) began its relative decline. In 1687, Bombay was made the headquarters of all the East India Company's possessions in India. However, in 1753 the governor of Bombay became subordinate to that of Calcutta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dutch East India Company", "paragraph_text": "The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost - Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English - speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 and became defunct in 1799. It was originally established as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21 - year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational corporation in its modern sense. In the early 1600s, by widely issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public, the VOC became the world's first formally listed public company. In other words, it was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on an official stock exchange. The VOC was influential in the rise of corporate - led globalization in the early modern period. With its pioneering institutional innovations and powerful roles in world history, the company is considered by many to be the first major modern global corporation, and at its height was the most valuable corporation ever.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Salhouse", "paragraph_text": "Salhouse is a village and civil parish in the Broads in the English county of Norfolk. It lies south of the River Bure and Salhouse Broad, about north-east of Norwich. The civil parish has an area of and in the 2001 census had a population of 1,462 in 604 households, increasing to 1,486 in 638 households at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland although areas adjoining the river and broad fall into the executive area of the Broads Authority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Aurora Teagarden", "paragraph_text": "Aurora Teagarden Candace Cameron Bure as Aurora Teagarden First appearance Real Murders Last appearance Sleep Like a Baby Created by Charlaine Harris Portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wars of Scottish Independence", "paragraph_text": "The war began in earnest with Edward I's brutal sacking of Berwick in March 1296, followed by the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Dunbar and the abdication of John Balliol in July. The English invasion campaign had subdued most of the country by August and, after removing the Stone of Destiny from Scone Abbey and transporting it to Westminster Abbey, Edward convened a parliament at Berwick, where the Scottish nobles paid homage to him as King of England. Scotland had been all but conquered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2003 Canadian Figure Skating Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were the Canadian Figure Skating Championships of the 2002–03 figure skating season. They are a figure skating national championship held annually to determine the national champions of Canada. It is organized by Skate Canada, the nation's figure skating governing body.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Notley Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the West African coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pam Beesly", "paragraph_text": "Pamela Morgan Halpert (née Beesly; born March 25, 1979) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom The Office, played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Dawn Tinsley. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until her termination in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive but amiable, and artistically inclined, and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bure Wemberma", "paragraph_text": "Bure Wemberma was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its name was created from a combination of its largest town, Bure, and the historic district of Wemberma (also transliterated \"Wombarma\"), which lay north of the Abay River between its tributaries the Zingini and Fatam. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Bure Wemberma was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Oromia Region, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by Sekela, on the northeast by Jabi Tehnan, on the east by Dembecha, and on the southeast by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. Other towns in Bure Wemberma included Shendi. Bure Wembera was divided for Bure and Wemberma woredas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were a figure skating competition during the 2010–11 season. The event determines the national champions of Canada and is organized by Skate Canada, the nation's figure skating governing body.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bombay Presidency", "paragraph_text": "The first English settlement in the Presidency known as Western Presidency was begun in 1618 at Surat in present-day Gujarat, when the East India Company established a factory, protected by a charter obtained from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. In 1626 the Dutch and the English made an unsuccessful attempt to gain possession of the island of Bombay in the coastal Konkan region from Portugal, and in 1653 proposals were suggested for its purchase from the Portuguese. In 1661 Bombay was ceded to the Kingdom of England as part of the dowry of the infanta Catherine of Braganza on her marriage to King Charles II. So lightly was the acquisition esteemed in England, and so unsuccessful was the administration of the crown officers, that in 1668 Bombay was transferred to the East India Company for an annual payment of £10, and the Company established a factory there. At the time of the transfer, powers for the island's defence and for the administration of justice were also conferred on the Company; a European regiment1 was enrolled; and fortifications were erected which in 1673 proved sufficient to deter the Dutch from an intended attack. As English trade in Bombay increased, Surat (which had been sacked by Shivaji in 1670) began its relative decline. In 1687, Bombay was made the headquarters of all the East India Company's possessions in India. However, in 1753 the governor of Bombay became subordinate to that of Calcutta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Da Ali G Show", "paragraph_text": "Da Ali G Show is a British satirical television series created by and starring English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. In the series, Baron Cohen plays three unorthodox journalists — faux-streetwise poseur Ali G, Kazakh reporter Borat Sagdiyev, and gay Austrian fashion enthusiast Brüno Gehard. These characters conduct real interviews with unsuspecting people, many of whom are celebrities, high-ranking government officials, and other well-known figures, during which they are asked absurd and ridiculous questions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kenneth J. Grant", "paragraph_text": "Grant was born in Scotch Hill, Pictou County, Nova Scotia. In 1854, he started teaching in Cape John, Nova Scotia after receiving his teachers' certificate. He later started studying Theology, attending school in Truro, Nova Scotia, graduating in 1859, and also in Princeton, New Jersey, until moving to Trinidad and Tobago in 1870. There, he started teaching at the government-funded Sabbath School on Cicero Street, teaching the local Indians while he himself also learned Hindi. He also founded Naparima College in 1894, the first secondary school on the island. Grant Memorial Presbyterian School in San Fernando is named in his memory. Dr. Grant also helped found Hillview College, in his honour one of the school's four houses is named after him, Grant House, with its colour being blue. a picture of him can be found hanging in the Administration building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated here. The practice of burying national figures in the Abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727 and Charles Darwin buried 19 April 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the \"Lost Colony\" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 6075, "question": "Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island?", "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 8322, "question": "#1 began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "answer": "Admiral Robert Blake", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Laird Bell", "paragraph_text": "Bell received a KBE knighthood for his war-time activities on behalf of British War Relief. Following the war, he then played an active part, for a private citizen, in creating the New Europe. Bell returned to Germany as a legal adviser to Brigadier General William H. Draper. Jr., Head of the Economics Division, in General Lucius Clay's U.S. Military Government in Germany OMGUS. Draper's group brokered US interests in post-war German corporations. In 1945 and 1946, Bell \"stalked the corridors of Foggy Bottom\" in a \"one-man crusade against 1067\" a US rule that proposed a \"barbarous\" dismantling of Germany. As president of the Alumni Association of Harvard University in June 1947 Laird Bell organized the commencement speeches where Secretary of State George Marshall launched the European Recovery Plan. (General Omar Bradley was the main speaker that day).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Moosarambagh", "paragraph_text": "Moosrambagh also Moosa Ram Bagh is an old suburb of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is named after the French military commander Monsieur Raymond who served the Nizams during the 18th century. His tomb Raymond's Tomb is located near Asman Garh Palace. The locality of \"Moosa-Ram-Bagh\" is named after him. Wherein, Bagh refers to \"a Garden\" as the area was once covered by huge greenery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Carina Dahl", "paragraph_text": "Dahl participated in Big Brother 2006, a joint event shared by broadcasters in Sweden and Norway. Dahl was the last housemate to be voted off before the finale, spending a total of 107 days in the house.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "First Day of My Life (Melanie C song)", "paragraph_text": "\"First Day of My Life\" is a song by British singer-songwriter, Melanie C. It was released on 30 September 2005 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland as the third and final single from Melanie C's third solo album, \"Beautiful Intentions\". Later it was released internationally and peaked at number-one in Germany, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain selling over 550,000 units and certified platinum in Germany, and gold in Switzerland and Austria. The song became the most successful Melanie C's single in Europe, spending two years in different European charts. To date, the single has sold over 1,5 million copies worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Jallianwala Bagh massacre", "paragraph_text": "The costs of the protracted war in money and manpower were great. High casualty rates in the war, increasing inflation after the end, compounded by heavy taxation, the deadly 1918 flu pandemic, and the disruption of trade during the war escalated human suffering in India. The pre-war Indian nationalist sentiment was revived as moderate and extremist groups of the Indian National Congress ended their differences to unify. In 1916, the Congress succeeded in establishing the Lucknow Pact, a temporary alliance with the All - India Muslim League. British political concessions and Whitehall's India Policy after World War I began to change, with the passage of Montagu -- Chelmsford Reforms, which initiated the first round of political reform in the Indian subcontinent in 1917. However, this was deemed insufficient in reforms by the Indian political movement. Mahatma Gandhi, recently returned to India, began emerging as an increasingly charismatic leader under whose leadership civil disobedience movements grew rapidly as an expression of political unrest. The recently crushed Ghadar conspiracy, the presence of Mahendra Pratap's Kabul mission in Afghanistan (with possible links to then nascent Bolshevik Russia), and a still - active revolutionary movement especially in Punjab and Bengal (as well as worsening civil unrest throughout India) led to the appointment of a Sedition committee in 1918 chaired by Sidney Rowlatt, an English judge. It was tasked to evaluate German and Bolshevik links to the militant movement in India, especially in Punjab and Bengal. On the recommendations of the committee, the Rowlatt Act, an extension of the Defence of India Act 1915, was enforced in India to limit civil liberties.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jallianwala Bagh massacre", "paragraph_text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April, 1919 when a crowd of non-violent protesters, along with Baishakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, were fired upon by troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer. The civilians, in the majority Sikhs, had assembled to participate in the annual Baisakhi celebrations, a religious and cultural festival for Punjabi people and also to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew. Coming from outside the city, they may have been unaware of the imposition of martial law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Non-cooperation movement", "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means, ``satyagraha ''. Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1st August, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "Loudoun, a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757: an attack on New France's capital, Quebec. Leaving a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm, he began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered by William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies, to attack Louisbourg first. Beset by delays of all kinds, the expedition was finally ready to sail from Halifax, Nova Scotia in early August. In the meantime French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Non-cooperation movement", "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or ``Ahimsa ''. Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Former British Consulate in Zhenjiang", "paragraph_text": "The former British Consulate, is located at 53 Po Xijindu Ancient Street facing Daxi Road and Boxian Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. In 1864, Britain constructed the consulate on Yuntai Mountain, which belonged to the British Concession in Zhenjiang at that time. In 1888, the British Consulate was burned down in local riots. From 1889 to 1890, it was rebuilt, occupying an area of 17 acres. Since the British Concession in Zhenjiang was officially returned to the Chinese government in 1929, Britain revoked the soldiers at the consulate in Zhenjiang, and turned it to the government. In 1958, the Zhenjiang Museum was established in the building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "The Enlightenment took hold in most European countries, often with a specific local emphasis. For example, in France it became associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism while in Germany it reached deep into the middle classes and where it expressed a spiritualistic and nationalistic tone without threatening governments or established churches. Government responses varied widely. In France, the government was hostile, and the philosophes fought against its censorship, sometimes being imprisoned or hounded into exile. The British government for the most part ignored the Enlightenment's leaders in England and Scotland, although it did give Isaac Newton a knighthood and a very lucrative government office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kaliganj massacre", "paragraph_text": "Kaliganj massacre () refers to the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus fleeing to India in Kaliganj market, in the present day Jaldhaka Upazila of Nilphamari District on 27 April 1971. An estimated 400 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army. It is alleged that this massacre was masterminded by Muslim League leader and central minister Kazi Abdul Kader.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Sound of the Violin in My Lai", "paragraph_text": "The Sound of the Violin in My Lai (Vietnamese: Tiếng vĩ cầm ở Mỹ Lai) is a short film that examines the history and legacy of the My Lai massacre, an incident of the Vietnam War in which hundreds of Vietnamese civilians were massacred by U.S. Army soldiers. The film investigates the effects of the massacre, with the story centering on the return of American soldiers Hugh Thompson and Larry Colburn to My Lai on the 30th anniversary of the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Takoma Academy", "paragraph_text": "Takoma Academy is a parochial, co-educational high school located in Takoma Park, Maryland operated by the Potomac Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Minna Keal", "paragraph_text": "Minna Keal, \"née\" Mina Nerenstein (22 March 1909 – 14 November 1999) was a British composer. After early compositions as a student, she only returned to composing at the end of her life. Aged 80 when her music was first performed at the Proms in 1989, she experienced her return to composition as a new life:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Francis Floud", "paragraph_text": "Sir Francis Lewis Castle Floud KCB KCSI KCMG (18 May 1875 – 17 April 1965) was a British civil servant and diplomat. Very unusually, he received three knighthoods for his public services.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Downton Abbey", "paragraph_text": "The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton Abbey between 1912 and 1926, depicts the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their domestic servants in the post-Edwardian era -- with the great events in history having an effect on their lives and on the British social hierarchy. Events depicted throughout the series include news of the sinking of the RMS Titanic in the first series; the outbreak of the First World War, the Spanish influenza pandemic, and the Marconi scandal in the second series; the Irish War of Independence leading to the formation of the Irish Free State in the third series; the Teapot Dome scandal in the fourth series; and the British general election of 1923, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Beer Hall Putsch in the fifth series. The sixth and final series introduces the rise of the working class during the interwar period and hints towards the eventual decline of the British aristocracy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Round Table Conferences (India)", "paragraph_text": "The three Round Table Conferences of 1930 -- 32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. They were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self - rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong. By the 1930s, many British politicians believed that India needed to move towards dominion status. However, there were significant disagreements between the Indian and the British political parties that the Conferences would not resolve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kawuri massacre", "paragraph_text": "The Kawuri massacre was a massacre that happened on 26 January 2014 in Kawuri, a village in Konduga Local Government, Borno State located some 37 kilometers southeast of Maiduguri. The final death toll was put at 85.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 59308, "question": "who returned the knighthood conferred on him by british government after jalianwala bagh massacre", "answer": "Mahatma Gandhi", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 11211, "question": "In which location did #1 spend the final 144 days of his life?", "answer": "Gandhi Smriti", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "St. Louis Cardinals", "paragraph_text": "One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of the Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago White Sox are a Major League Baseball team based on the South Side of Chicago. They are one of eight charter members of the American League, having played in Chicago since the inaugural 1901 season. They have won six American League pennants and three World Series titles, most recently in 2005. Despite long periods of mediocrity, the White Sox have among the most unusual, challenging, and celebrated histories of any Major League franchise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues, which also includes the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). In fact, the Cubs' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed, and even the Cubs' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA. The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships. It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as \"The Lovable Losers.\" The team was one win away from breaking what is often called the \"Curse of the Billy Goat\" in 1984 and 2003 (Steve Bartman incident), but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Steve Gajkowski", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Robert Gajkowski (born December 30, 1969) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during one season at the major league level for the Seattle Mariners. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 18th round of the 1990 Major League Baseball Draft. Gajkowski played his first professional season with their Rookie league Burlington Indians in 1990, and his last season with the Oakland Athletics' Double-A Midland RockHounds and Triple-A Sacramento River Cats in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Jim Sundberg", "paragraph_text": "James Howard Sundberg (born May 18, 1951) is an American former professional baseball catcher known for being one of the best defensive catchers of his era. He played for a number of Major League teams, most significantly the Texas Rangers and Kansas City Royals, with whom he won a World Series. He batted and threw right-handed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Union Association", "paragraph_text": "The Union Association was a league in Major League Baseball which lasted for only one season in 1884. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the National League the following season. Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August, and four teams folded during the season and were replaced.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mariano Rivera", "paragraph_text": "Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013. Nicknamed \"Mo\" and \"Sandman\", he spent most of his career as a relief pitcher and served as the Yankees' closer for 17 seasons. A thirteen-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, he is MLB's career leader in saves (652) and games finished (952). Rivera won five American League (AL) Rolaids Relief Man Awards and three Delivery Man of the Year Awards, and he finished in the top three in voting for the AL Cy Young Award four times. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as part of its class of 2019 in his first year of eligibility, and was the first player ever to be elected unanimously by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1903 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series to be played in Major League Baseball. It matched the Boston Americans of the American League against the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League in a best - of - nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tony Gwynn", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 -- June 16, 2014), nicknamed ``Mr. Padre '', was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 20 seasons (1982 -- 2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres. The left - handed hitting Gwynn won eight batting titles in his career, tied for the most in National League (NL) history. He is considered one of the best and most consistent hitters in baseball history. He had a. 338 career batting average, never hitting below. 309 in any full season. Gwynn was a 15 - time All - Star, recognized for his skills both on offense and defense with seven Silver Slugger Awards and five Gold Glove Awards. He was the rare player in his era that stayed with a single team his entire career, and he played in the only two World Series appearances in San Diego's franchise history. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007, his first year of eligibility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8 -- 7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3 - 1 deficit to win a best - of - seven World Series, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. This was the second time and the first since 1948 where the World Series score was even.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Little League World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 10 to 12 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 71 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Major League Baseball schedule", "paragraph_text": "The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL), played over approximately six months -- a total of 2,430 games, plus the postseason. The regular season runs from late March / early April to late September / early October, followed by the postseason which can run to early November. The season begins with the official Opening Day, and, as of 2018, runs 261⁄2 weeks through the last Sunday of September or first Sunday of October. One or more International Opener games may be scheduled outside the United States before the official Opening Day. It is possible for a given team to play a maximum of 20 games in the postseason in a given year, provided the team is a wild card and advances to each of the Division Series, Championship Series, and World Series with each series going the distance (5 games in the Division Series, 7 games each in the League Championship Series / World Series).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Major League Baseball schedule", "paragraph_text": "The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL), played over approximately six months -- a total of 2,430 games, plus the postseason. The regular season typically runs from early April to late September, followed by the postseason in October. The season begins with the official Opening Day and runs 26 weeks through the last Sunday of September or first Sunday of October. One or more International Opener games may be scheduled outside the United States before the official Opening Day. It is possible for a given team to play a maximum of 20 games in the postseason in a given year, provided the team is a wild card and advances to each of the Division Series, Championship Series, and World Series with each series going the distance (5 games in the Division Series, 7 games in the League Championship Series / World Series).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 -- 17 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 18th annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for national rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999 -- 2000. South Africa won the Series with a comfortable 28 - point margin over England; South Africa won five of the ten tournaments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Following the '69 season, the club posted winning records for the next few seasons, but no playoff action. After the core players of those teams started to move on, the 70s got worse for the team, and they became known as \"The Loveable Losers.\" In 1977, the team found some life, but ultimately experienced one of its biggest collapses. The Cubs hit a high-water mark on June 28 at 47–22, boasting an 8 1⁄2 game NL East lead, as they were led by Bobby Murcer (27 Hr/89 RBI), and Rick Reuschel (20–10). However, the Philadelphia Phillies cut the lead to two by the All-star break, as the Cubs sat 19 games over .500, but they swooned late in the season, going 20–40 after July 31. The Cubs finished in 4th place at 81–81, while Philadelphia surged, finishing with 101 wins. The following two seasons also saw the Cubs get off to a fast start, as the team rallied to over 10 games above .500 well into both seasons, only to again wear down and play poorly later on, and ultimately settling back to mediocrity. This trait became known as the \"June Swoon.\" Again, the Cubs' unusually high number of day games is often pointed to as one reason for the team's inconsistent late season play.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 2. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 72296, "question": "who won last year's baseball world series", "answer": "Cubs", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 18135, "question": "What is often pointed to as the one reason for the #1 ' inconsistent late season play?", "answer": "unusually high number of day games", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "d", "day", "Day" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Leora Spellman", "paragraph_text": "Born Leora Theresa Spellmeyer in Bonne Terre, Missouri, she began singing on stage as a child, and as a young lady began working in vaudeville where she met and married fellow performer Charles Middleton in 1910. They then teamed up to create a vaudeville act billed as \"Middleton and Spellmeyer.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance", "paragraph_text": "The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best breakthrough performance of the year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer", "paragraph_text": "The film includes the Fantasti - Car, a larger role for Kerry Washington's character Alicia Masters, and in June 2006, the Silver Surfer was announced to appear in the sequel as a ``villain / hero ''. The Silver Surfer was created by combining the performance of actor Doug Jones and a grey - silver suit designed by Jose Fernandez. FX shop Spectral Motion created the Surfer, who was then enhanced by a new computer - generated system designed by WETA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus the Prussian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834 that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record which was improved only four years later in September 1838 by Jacobi himself. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. It was not until 1839/40 that other developers worldwide managed to build motors of similar and later also of higher performance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Smaug", "paragraph_text": "On June 16, 2011, it was announced that Smaug would be voiced and interpreted with performance capture by Benedict Cumberbatch in Peter Jackson's three - part adaptation of The Hobbit, wherein Smaug is presented with a long head, red - golden scales, and piercing yellow - red eyes. The dragon speaks with Received Pronunciation with an underlying growl; Cumberbatch's vocal performance was vocoded using alligator growls. Smaug's design was created with key frame animation, in addition to Cumberbatch's motion capture performance. Weta Digital employed its proprietary ``Tissue ''software which was honoured in 2013 with a`` Scientific and Engineering Award'' from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to make the dragon as realistic as possible. In addition, Weta Digital supervisor Joe Letteri said in an interview for USA Today that they used classic European and Asian dragons as inspirations to create Smaug.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Carlos Zerpa", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Zerpa (born 1950 in Valencia, Venezuela), was a 20th-century Latin American painter. He moved to live in Milan in 1973 to study printmaking and photography at the Scuola Cova, and design with Bruno Munari at the Instituto Politécnico. Zerpa was a self-taught painter, by 1974 he was creating installations and performance pieces. He returned to Venezuela in 1980, but spent two years in New York: (1982 to 1984). By 1984 he ceased performing and concentrated on making objects. His work is in many ways autobiographical. It recalls department store displays cases which serve as stages for his homages to the past.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Portrait of a Call Girl", "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Call Girl is a 2011 American pornographic film starring Jessie Andrews, and directed and written by Graham Travis. In 2012, the film received 19 nominations for both creative and technical awards, winning four AVN Awards for best actress, best director, best feature and the AVN's first Movie of the Year award; one XRCO Award for best epic; and six XBIZ Awards for acting performance of the year – female, best cinematography, best non-sex acting performance of the year, director of the year – individual project, and feature movie of the year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Conscription in South Korea", "paragraph_text": "Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service. Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)", "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song is nominated for Song of the Year, Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Floria Márquez", "paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus", "paragraph_text": "The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)", "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song won Song of the Year and was nominated for Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gene Boucher", "paragraph_text": "Gene Boucher (6 December 1933, Bohol, Philippines - 31 January 1994, Manhattan) was an American operatic baritone. His career was chiefly associated with the Metropolitan Opera where he performed annually from 1965 until 1984 in more than 1000 performances in mainly comprimario roles. In 1964 he won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. In 1966 he created the role of Dolabella in the world premiere of Samuel Barber's \"Antony and Cleopatra\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Superchick", "paragraph_text": "Superchick made their debut in 1999 at an Audio Adrenaline concert in front of an audience of 5,000. They continued to perform at live events throughout that year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Lenka Pichlíková-Burke", "paragraph_text": "Lenka Pichlíková – Burke (born July 28, 1954 at Prague) is an American actress of Czech descent, the seventh generation of her family to appear onstage since the 18th century. Her great-uncle was the noted national actor, Ladislav Pešek. While in Czechoslovakia, she performed on stage in many theatres, played in twelve films, and created over 40 television roles, rising to the rank of Advanced Master Artist. In addition to performing as a speaking actress, she was also involved professionally in classic pantomime. Since the 1980s she has resided in the United States. In the United States, she has performed onstage in speaking roles as well as in pantomime productions for more than 25 years. Since 1988, she has been a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the union which represents professional actors. In 2006 she was named the \"Best Mime\" of Fairfield County, Connecticut. She teaches performing arts, dramatic literature, and cultural history, and translates plays.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Billy Connolly", "paragraph_text": "In 1985, he divorced Iris Pressagh, his wife of sixteen years (they had separated four years earlier) and he was awarded custody of their children Jamie and Cara. That same year, he performed An Audience with..., which was videotaped at the South Bank Television Centre in front of a celebrity audience for ITV. The uncut, uncensored version was subsequently released on video. In July 1985, he performed at the Wembley leg of Live Aid, immediately preceding Elton John.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Saying Sorry", "paragraph_text": "\"Saying Sorry\" is a song by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. It was released on May 22, 2006 as the debut single from their second studio album, \"If Only You Were Lonely\". \"Saying Sorry\" was released to radio on January 31, 2006. The song peaked at #7 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs Chart.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hilary Summers", "paragraph_text": "Hilary Summers is a Welsh dramatic contralto. She was trained at Reading University, the Royal Academy of Music, and the National Opera Studio in London. She has performed on soundtracks such as \"\", \"The Libertine\", and \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". She has created roles for composers Péter Eötvös and Elliott Carter, and is known to have a close working relationship with Michael Nyman. She created the leading role of the Art Banker in Nyman's opera \"Facing Goya\". In 2000 she performed the role of Mars in the first modern revival of Giovanni Legrenzi's \"La divisione del mondo\" at the Schwetzingen Festival. Her discography includes, for Chandos, Handel's \"Partenope\" and \"Semele\". She sang the Sorceress in \"Dido and Aeneas\" at the Opéra-Comique (2008, William Christie, D. Cohen).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Eric Staller", "paragraph_text": "1971 Staller completed a Bachelor Degree in Architecture at the University of Michigan. Toward the end of his tenure at the University of Michigan, Staller began to create sculptures and performance arts. Merce Cunningham and John Cage had performed at the university at that time and praised artwork that Staller had created. They were the first professional performers to make Staller realize that he was truly an artist. In the fall of 1971, Staller moved to New York City and lived there until 1991. He had purchased an 1829-vingtage Lutheran Church, located in Lyons, PA. Staller used and renovated the church as a weekend retreat until 1991, then decided to move out of New York to live full-time in Lyons, PA.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 757418, "question": "This Is Who We Are >> performer", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Osteology houses more than 300 real animal skeletons. Focusing on the form and function of the skeletal system, this 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) museum displays hundreds of skulls and skeletons from all corners of the world. Exhibits include adaptation, locomotion, classification and diversity of the vertebrate kingdom. The Museum of Osteology is the only one of its kind in America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Steffi Jacob", "paragraph_text": "Steffi Jacob (born Steffi Hanzlik on 30 September 1975 in Schmalkalden) is a German skeleton racer who has competed in the early 2000s. She won a gold medal in the inaugural women's skeleton event at the 2000 FIBT World Championships in Igls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Ghost at Skeleton Rock", "paragraph_text": "The Ghost at Skeleton Rock is Volume 37 in the original The Hardy Boys Mystery Stories published by Grosset & Dunlap.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Oxygen", "paragraph_text": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). Seawater molecules that contain the lighter isotope, oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water molecules containing the 12% heavier oxygen-18; this disparity increases at lower temperatures. During periods of lower global temperatures, snow and rain from that evaporated water tends to be higher in oxygen-16, and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells than they would in a warmer climate. Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples that are up to several hundreds of thousands of years old.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Peter van Wees", "paragraph_text": "Peter van Wees (born June 13, 1973, Sittard) is a Dutch male skeleton racer, who took part in the 2005/2006 Skeleton World Cup trying to qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Christopher Grotheer", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Grotheer (born 30 July 1992) is a German skeleton racer who has competed since 2007. His debut at the European Cup was in November 2010. Grotheer's best Skeleton World Cup finish was 3rd in season 2012–13.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette", "paragraph_text": "Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette () is an early work by Vincent van Gogh. The small and undated oil-on-canvas painting featuring a skeleton and cigarette is part of the permanent collection of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. It was most likely painted in the winter of 1885–86 as a satirical comment on conservative academic practices. Before it was common to use live humans as models, the academic routine included the study of skeletons to develop an understanding of human anatomy. Van Gogh was in Antwerp, Belgium at that time attending classes at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, which he later said were boring and taught him nothing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Felix Poletti", "paragraph_text": "Felix Poletti (born July 23, 1965) is a Swiss skeleton racer who has competed since 1995. He won a bronze medal in the men's skeleton event at the 1998 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Emma Lincoln-Smith", "paragraph_text": "Emma Lincoln-Smith (born 28 November 1985) is an Australian skeleton racer who has competed since 2004. Her best Skeleton World Cup finish was seventh twice (Lake Placid - December 2007, Cesana Pariol - January 2008).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Michelle Steele", "paragraph_text": "Michelle Steele (born 8 March 1986 in Gladstone, Queensland) is an Australian skeleton racer who has competed since 2004. She finished 13th in the women's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Skeletons (Hawthorne Heights album)", "paragraph_text": "Skeletons is the fourth studio album by American rock band Hawthorne Heights, released June 1, 2010. It is their first and only album to be released through Wind-up Records, and is also the first release since If Only You Were Lonely to employ screamed vocals, with guitarist Micah Carli adding limited vocals into select tracks on the record. The album was produced by Howard Benson. The album peaked at #50 on the Billboard top 200 albums.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Matthias Guggenberger", "paragraph_text": "Matthias Guggenberger (born 24 September 1984 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian skeleton racer who has competed since 2005. His best Skeleton World Cup finish was 3rd at Königssee", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Josef Chuchla", "paragraph_text": "Josef Chuchla (born June 27, 1973) is a Czech skeleton racer who competed from 1994 to 2003. He finished 24th in the men's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Blue coral", "paragraph_text": "Blue coral (\"Heliopora coerulea\") is a species of colonial coral. It is the only octocoral known to produce a massive skeleton. This skeleton is formed of aragonite, similar to that of scleractinia. Individual polyps live in tubes within the skeleton and are connected by a thin layer of tissue over the outside of the skeleton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chris Soule", "paragraph_text": "Chris Soule (born February 5, 1973) is an American skeleton racer who competed from 1993 to 2006. He won two medals in the men's skeleton event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 2003 and a bronze in 1997. Soule also won the overall men's 20023 Skeleton World Cup title with multiple World Cup victories that season. He is the 3-time U.S. National Champion and remains one of the most decorated Skeleton athletes in the history of the sport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alexander Berner", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Berner (born 1901, date of death unknown) was a Swiss skeleton racer who competed in the late 1920s. He finished fifth in the men's skeleton event at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "FIBT World Championships 2000", "paragraph_text": "The FIBT World Championships 2000 took place in Altenberg, Germany (men's bobsleigh), Winterberg, Germany (women's bobsleigh), and Igls, Austria (men's and women's skeleton). Altenberg hosted the championship event for the fourth time, doing so previously in 1991 (bobsleigh), 1994 (skeleton), and 1999 (skeleton). Winterberg hosted the championship event for the second time, doing so previously in 1995 (bobsleigh). Igls hosted the championship for the fifth time, doing do previously in 1935 (two-man) and 1963, 1991 (skeleton), and 1993 (bobsleigh). Two-woman bobsleigh and women's skeleton debuted at these championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Fatal Attractions (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Wolverine lost his adamantium skeleton (and subsequently left the X-Men). He did not get it back until 2000, when Apocalypse rebonded it to his skeleton, shown through flashback sequences during Wolverine (vol. 2) # 145. Genesis had attempted the same earlier, but did not succeed (during Wolverine (vol. 2) # 99 - # 100).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 289664, "question": "Skeletons >> performer", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pop Is...", "paragraph_text": "Pop Is... is a compilation album by Mint Royale, released on 19 February 2007 on Faith & Hope Records. It is a retrospective compilation, including a variety of Mint Royale's works over the past ten years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hope (Hawthorne Heights EP)", "paragraph_text": "Hope is the second EP of a trilogy released by American rock band Hawthorne Heights through the band's own record label, Cardboard Empire. \"Hope\" was released for digital download on June 5, 2012. It is also the second release by the band to contain a title track.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Make You Feel My Love", "paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title`` To Make You Feel My Love'', before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Shane Filan, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats. Dylan eventually released the song as a single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus", "paragraph_text": "The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Make You Feel My Love", "paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''is a song written by Bob Dylan that appeared on his 1997 album Time Out of Mind. It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title`` To Make You Feel My Love'', before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats. Dylan eventually released the song as a single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Carlos Zerpa", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Zerpa (born 1950 in Valencia, Venezuela), was a 20th-century Latin American painter. He moved to live in Milan in 1973 to study printmaking and photography at the Scuola Cova, and design with Bruno Munari at the Instituto Politécnico. Zerpa was a self-taught painter, by 1974 he was creating installations and performance pieces. He returned to Venezuela in 1980, but spent two years in New York: (1982 to 1984). By 1984 he ceased performing and concentrated on making objects. His work is in many ways autobiographical. It recalls department store displays cases which serve as stages for his homages to the past.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jean Sénac", "paragraph_text": "Sénac was an Algerian francophone poet who remained strongly attached to his Algerian nationality despite the French exodus from Algeria in the aftermath of the war of liberation. His poems were largely songs of revolution, which he hoped would help create a world of beauty and brotherhood in an Algeria that was open to all cultures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Make You Feel My Love", "paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title`` To Make You Feel My Love'', before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats. Dylan eventually released the song as a single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hope Springs (2012 film)", "paragraph_text": "Hope Springs is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama directed by David Frankel, written by Vanessa Taylor and starring Meryl Streep, Tommy Lee Jones, and Steve Carell. The film was released on August 8, 2012. It received generally positive reviews, and the cast was praised for their performances. It was nominated for a Golden Globe and won a People's Choice Award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "School for Coquettes (play)", "paragraph_text": "School for Coquettes (French:L'école des cocottes) is 1918 French comedy play by Paul Armont and Marcel Gerbidon. A young working class woman attends a school to turn her into a coquette in the hope it will allow her to rise up the social scale. It was first performed at the Grand Guignol Theatre in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "MusiConnects", "paragraph_text": "MusiConnects is a non-profit arts education organization, founded by the Boston Public Quartet and based in Boston, Massachusetts. Their mission is to model and teach self-expression, peer leadership and community development through the transformative power of chamber music. MusiConnects is actively working in partnership with Boston public schools to provide free music education to students – in the hopes of also creating a thriving community to unite youth, families, and musicians. The Boston Public quartet is a professional, performing string quartet that regularly gives concerts across the Boston area, in traditional and neighborhood venues alike.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Jake Clemons", "paragraph_text": "Jake Clemons (born February 27, 1980) is a singer - songwriter, an American musician and since 2012 is best known for being the saxophonist for Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. Clemons took over the role of saxophonist for the band when his uncle, Clarence Clemons, a founding member of the band, died in 2011. Clemons also has performed various instruments including percussion and also provided backing vocals on the band's Wrecking Ball Tour, High Hopes Tour. and The River Tour. Clemons attended the Virginia Governor's School for the Arts to study jazz performance. Clemons also has performed with Eddie Vedder, Roger Waters, The Swell Season and The Roots.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hotel Room", "paragraph_text": "Hotel Room (also called David Lynch's Hotel Room) is an American drama anthology series that aired for three half-hour episodes on HBO on January 8, 1993, with a repeat the next night. Created by Monty Montgomery and David Lynch (who directed two episodes), each drama stars a different cast and takes place in hotel room number 603 of the New York City-based \"Railroad Hotel\", in the years 1969, 1992, and 1936, respectively. The three episodes were created to be shown together in the form of a feature-length pilot, with the hope that if they were well received, a series of episodes following the same stand-alone half-hour format would be produced later. Following a negative to lukewarm reception, HBO chose to not produce more episodes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of The Big C episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"The Big C\" is a Showtime original series created by Darlene Hunt and starring Laura Linney. She plays a reserved, fortysomething, suburban wife and mother whose recent cancer diagnosis forces her to shake up her life and find hope, humor and the light side of a dark situation, while managing her immature but well-meaning husband, played by Oliver Platt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hope Williams Brady", "paragraph_text": "Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn - Douglas, Zack and Ciara Brady, was born on - screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. On December 24, 1974, while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby - carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, until Doug is strong enough to take care of her. Addie, who was wealthy from her first marriage to Ben Olson, leaves Doug and Hope with financial security. Hope is sent off to boarding school in 1982 and is not seen again until a year later. She returns in the spring of 1983 when Roman Brady rescues her after she runs away from boarding school and later falls from a car driven by a drunk friend. She later develops a crush on Roman. Hope eventually becomes a cop. Hope takes her job as a cop seriously.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Make You Feel My Love", "paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''is a song written by Bob Dylan that appeared on his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title`` To Make You Feel My Love'', before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats. Dylan eventually released the song as a single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature", "paragraph_text": "The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS or the Academy) for the best films and achievements of the previous year. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films. An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters' performances are created using a frame - by - frame technique, a significant number of the major characters are animated, and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first awarded in 2002 for films made in 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Hope", "paragraph_text": "Chicago Hope is an American medical drama television series, created by David E. Kelley. It ran on CBS from September 18, 1994 to May 4, 2000. The series is set in a fictional private charity hospital in Chicago, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Silver Bells", "paragraph_text": "``Silver Bells ''was first performed by Bob Hope and Marilyn Maxwell in the motion picture The Lemon Drop Kid, filmed in July -- August 1950 and released in March 1951. The first recorded version was by Bing Crosby and Carol Richards on September 8, 1950 with John Scott Trotter and his Orchestra and the Lee Gordon Singers which was released by Decca Records in October 1950. After the Crosby and Richards recording became popular, Hope and Maxwell were called back in late 1950 to refilm a more elaborate production of the song.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 598985, "question": "Hope >> performer", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "CFXN-FM", "paragraph_text": "CFXN-FM is a Canadian radio station, that airs a classic hits format at 106.3 FM in North Bay, Ontario. The station is branded as 106.3 Moose FM with the slogan \"North Bay's Biggest Variety\". The station plays \"North Bay's Biggest Variety\" of current, recent and older hits. You'll hear everything from a top 40 hit from the current year to music from the 2010s, 2000s, 90s, 80s and even 70s. It is a \"middle of the road\" format positioned between the city's Top 40 and hard rock stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "67th Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "Forrest Gump -- Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch and Steve Starkey, producers Four Weddings and a Funeral -- Duncan Kenworthy, producer Pulp Fiction -- Lawrence Bender, producer Quiz Show -- Robert Redford, Michael Jacobs, Julian Krainin and Michael Nozik, producers The Shawshank Redemption -- Niki Marvin, producer", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Micah Sanders", "paragraph_text": "Micah Sanders, portrayed by Noah Gray-Cabey, is a fictional character on the NBC science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" and the newer \"Heroes Reborn\". He is the son of Niki Sanders and D.L. Hawkins. He is a child prodigy and a technopath.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Shake!", "paragraph_text": "Shake! (formerly The Core and Milkshake! FM) was a television programming block shown by United Kingdom broadcaster Channel 5, originally aimed at 8 to 15 year olds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "CJRY-FM", "paragraph_text": "CJRY-FM is an FM Christian radio station that broadcasts on 105.9 FM from Edmonton, Alberta. The station uses the on-air brand Shine FM often with the tag-line \"Safe and Fun for the Whole Family!\", referencing the core goal of the station, and mainly plays contemporary Christian music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Niki Wories", "paragraph_text": "Niki Wories was born on 18 June 1996 in Almere, Netherlands. She is the second daughter of Annelies and Paul Wories. She studied at the Johan Cruyff Academy before moving to Quebec, Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "90.9 Sea FM", "paragraph_text": "The Sea FM brand name and original logo was created by Gold Coast Broadcasters Pty Ltd for just the one station - 90.9 Sea FM - after the Gold Coast was granted a new commercial FM licence. 90.9 Sea FM began broadcasting in 1989 with programming consulted by Austereo. The original Sea FM on-air line-up was a strong team of experienced Announcers, many having made their name previously in Metropolitan radio including - Craig Bruce (FOX FM) & Sammy Power, Ian 'Lofty' Fulton (4IP), Grahame \"Durry\" Rodgers (2SM & 2NX), Sue Moses (2MMM & Channel 10), Gregg Easton (2UW & 4BK), Joe Miller (3XY & EON FM), Dean Miller and Simon Franks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "FM-7", "paragraph_text": "The FM-7 (\"Fujitsu Micro 7\") is a home computer created by Fujitsu. It was first released in 1982 and was sold in Japan and Spain. It is a stripped-down version of Fujitsu's earlier FM-8 computer, and during development it was referred to as the \"FM-8 Jr.\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2015 Men's European Volleyball Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. It was held in Bulgaria and Italy from 9 to 18 October 2015. For the first time the competition had an official song; \"Heroes\" featuring vocals by Niki Bakalov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "WERS", "paragraph_text": "WERS (88.9 FM) is one of Emerson College's two radio stations (the other being campus station WECB), located in Boston, Massachusetts. Student-run and professionally managed, it serves eastern New England an eclectic mix of musical genres, and more live performances than any other station in the region. Programming features over 20 different styles of music and news, including live performances and interviews. WERS stands as the first non-commercial radio station in New England, and has been in operation since November 1949. Among the founders of the station was WEEI program director Arthur F. Edes, who first taught broadcasting courses at Emerson in 1932 and helped to plan a campus radio station. The chief architect of WERS in its early years was Professor Charles William Dudley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS. The highest-rated stations in Philadelphia include soft rock WBEB, KYW Newsradio, and urban adult contemporary WDAS-FM. Philadelphia is served by three major non-commercial public radio stations, WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM (adult alternative music), as well as several smaller stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "A Year Ago in Winter", "paragraph_text": "A Year Ago in Winter () is a 2008 German drama film directed by Caroline Link. It is based on the novel \"Aftermath\" by American author Scott Campbell, tellings the story of a \"complicated family situation\". The painting featured in the film was made by the Munich artist Florian Sussmayr. The film score is composed by Niki Reiser.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Niki FM", "paragraph_text": "\"Niki FM\" is a song by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. \"Niki FM\" was released to radio on September 27, 2005 as the second single from their debut studio album, \"The Silence in Black and White\". It peaked at #40 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs Chart.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "CHSJ-FM", "paragraph_text": "CHSJ-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 94.1 FM in Saint John, New Brunswick. The station plays a country music format under the \"Country 94\" branding. CHSJ-FM is owned by Acadia Broadcasting, which also owns sister station CHWV-FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nana on a Dolphin", "paragraph_text": "Nana on a Dolphin is a public artwork by French sculptor Niki de Saint Phalle. \"Nana on a Dolphin\" is part of the National Museum of Women in the Arts New York Avenue Sculpture Project and has also been on display at the home of Nicole Salinger in Provence, France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "WKEE-FM", "paragraph_text": "WKEE-FM is a Contemporary Hit Radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Huntington, West Virginia, serving Huntington, West Virginia, Ashland, Kentucky, and Ironton, Ohio. WKEE-FM is owned and operated by iHeartMedia, Inc.. WKEE-FM is the heritage CHR/Top 40 station in the Huntington area, having programmed hit music as a standalone FM for over 30 years (although its Top 40 heritage goes back to the early 1960s, when the station was a simulcast of WKEE-AM 800).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ouï FM", "paragraph_text": "Ouï FM can be heard mainly in the North of France, on 102.3 FM in Paris, 102.1 FM in Melun and 90.7 FM in Chantilly, as well as via the Astra 1H satellite.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "My Name is Niki", "paragraph_text": "My Name is Niki (German:Ich heiße Niki) is a 1952 West German comedy film directed by Rudolf Jugert and starring Paul Hörbiger, Aglaja Schmid and Hardy Krüger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Dave Ramsey Show (radio program)", "paragraph_text": "After 20 years of broadcasting on WTN, on January 1, 2013, the show moved to 102.5 FM (``The Game ''). Ramsey and WTN were unable to come to terms over a renewal contract. One year later, on January 1, 2014, the show moved to WLAC.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 740985, "question": "Niki FM >> performer", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Xiong Zhi", "paragraph_text": "Xiong Zhi succeeded his father Xiong Kang, but later abdicated due to illness. His younger brother Xiong Yan succeeded him as ruler of Chu, and Xiong Zhi self-exiled and founded the minor state of Kui (夔).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sun Quan", "paragraph_text": "Immediately after Cao Cao withdrew, Sun Quan took over the northern half of Jing Province. Liu Bei marched south and took over the southern half. The Sun-Liu alliance was further cemented by a marriage of Sun Quan's younger sister, Lady Sun, to Liu Bei. Zhou Yu was suspicious of Liu Bei's intentions, however, and suggested to Sun Quan that Liu be seized and put under house arrest (albeit be very well-treated) and his forces be merged into Sun's; Sun Quan, believing that Liu Bei's forces would rebel if he did that, declined. Sun Quan did agree to Zhou Yu's plans to consider attacking Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu (who controlled the modern southern Shaanxi) to try to take over their territories, but after Zhou Yu died in 210, the plans were abandoned. However, Sun Quan was able to persuade the warlords in present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam to submit to him, and they became part of his domain. He then yielded parts of northern Jing Province to Liu Bei as well, agreeing with Liu that the south was insufficient to supply his troops. At the same time, Sun Quan appointed his subordinate Bu Zhi as the Inspector () of Jiao Province to replace Lai Gong. Shi Xie led his followers to submit to Bu Zhi's governorship. Sun Quan took over the entire Jiao Province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tai Jia", "paragraph_text": "Tai Jia () or Da Jia, personal name Zhi (), was the son of Prince Da Ding (son of King Tang) and a king of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Princess Dowager Liu", "paragraph_text": "Lady Liu gave birth to Zhang Tianxi in 346. That year, Zhang Jun died. Nothing is known about her life between that year and 363, when Zhang Tianxi seized the throne from his nephew Zhang Xuanjing (Duke Jingdao) and honored her as princess dowager. (The exact title he honored her with is disputed historically; \"Zizhi Tongjian\" gave it as \"Taifei\" (太妃, translate as princess dowager), while \"Shiliuguo Chunqiu\" gave it as \"Taihou\" (太后, translate as queen dowager or empress dowager).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tso Wung-wai", "paragraph_text": "Tso Wung-wai completed his bachelor's degree in biochemistry at CUHK, took an M.Sc in Miami, and went on to study for his Ph.D at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He is a member of the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Li Chongfu", "paragraph_text": "In 701, Li Chongfu's brother Li Chongzhao (who had, by this point, changed his name to Li Chongrun to observe naming taboo of Wu Zetian's name), along with their sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and Li Xianhui's husband Wu Yanji (武延基) the Prince of Wei (Wu Zetian's grandnephew), were put to death for criticizing Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong. Whether Li Chongfu was responsible for leaking their criticism to the Zhangs and therefore leading to Li Chongrun's death is not known. Li Chongrun's mother Crown Princess Wei, after she later became empress again, would later accuse Li Chongfu of leaking the information, although there appears to be no particular evidence Li Chongfu did so, and in the \"Zizhi Tongjian\", it was asserted that her accusation against Li Chongfu was false.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Wang Quan'an", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, Wang Quan'an and Zhang Yuqi had a whirlwind romance, and they married on April 18 in that year. But Zhang has announced they were divorced on July 2, 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Intelligent Water class AUV", "paragraph_text": "Intelligence (智水, Zhi Shui or Zhishui) class autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a class of little known ROUV developed by Shipbuilding Engineering Institute (船舶工程学院) of Harbin Engineering University (HEU) for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of the People's Republic of China (PRC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Zhang Lifan", "paragraph_text": "Zhang's father, Zhang Naiqi (), was one of the founders of the China National Democratic Association, Zhang's mother is Zhang Caiping (). Zhang spent his childhood in his hometown of Beijing. He attended High School attached to Tsinghua University (). In 1957, Zhang Naiqi, Zhang Bojun (), Chu Anping () and Luo Longji () were picked out as right wingers. On 8 June 1957, Zhang Naiqi was removed from his posts and taken to be prosecuted. Zhang Lifan was punished because of his father. On 13 May 1977, Zhang Naiqi died of illness in a Beijing Hospital basement. After the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Lifan was educated in the Institute of Modern History of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Purple Butterfly", "paragraph_text": "Purple Butterfly () is a 2003 Chinese film, directed by Lou Ye. It is Lou's third film after \"Weekend Lover\" and \"Suzhou River\". It stars Chinese mainland actors, Zhang Ziyi, Liu Ye and Li Bingbing, as well as Japanese actor \"Tôru Nakamura\". The film premiered on May 23, 2003, at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival, and was given a limited release in New York City the following year on November 26, 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Goodbye Mr. Loser", "paragraph_text": "Goodbye Mr. Loser () is a 2015 Chinese comedy film directed by Yan Fei and Peng Damo, and starring Shen Teng, Ma Li, Yin Zheng, Ai Lun, Wang Zhi, Tian Yu, Song Yang, Chang Yuan and Li Ping. The film is based on a play of the same name. It was released on September 30, 2015. Some critics have accused the film of containing similar plot elements as the 1986 American film \"Peggy Sue Got Married\". The directors later denied these allegations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Fight and Love with a Terracotta Warrior", "paragraph_text": "Fight and Love with a Terracotta Warrior, also known as A Terra-Cotta Warrior, is a 1990 Hong Kong film based on the novel by Lilian Lee, directed by Ching Siu-tung and produced by Tsui Hark, starring Zhang Yimou and Gong Li. The film is about a forbidden love between a court lady and a soldier of the Qin Dynasty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "James Lepowsky", "paragraph_text": "James \"Jim\" Lepowsky (born July 5, 1944 in New York City) is a professor of mathematics at Rutgers University, New Jersey. Previously he taught at Yale University. He received his Ph.D from M.I.T. in 1970 where his advisors were Bertram Kostant and Sigurdur Helgason. Lepowsky graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1961, 16 years after Kostant. His current research is in the areas of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and vertex algebras. He has written several books on vertex algebras and related topics. In 1988, in a joint work with Igor Frenkel and Arne Meurman, he constructed the monster vertex algebra (also known as the Moonshine module). His PhD students include Stefano Capparelli, Yi-Zhi Huang, Haisheng Li, Arne Meurman, and Antun Milas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Edward F. Wente", "paragraph_text": "Edward Frank Wente (born 1930) is an American professor emeritus of Egyptology and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago. He received his Ph.D from the University of Chicago in 1959 and lectured there from 1963 to 1996. He is also a longstanding member of the Oriental Institute, Chicago. One of his major works is \"Letters from Ancient Egypt\" (1990), published by the Scholarly Press. In 1999 the Oriental Institute published a collection of essays by Egyptologists in honor of Edward Wente\" \"Gold of Praise: Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of Edward F. Wente\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Zhi-Li Zhang", "paragraph_text": "\"Zhi-Li Zhang\" has been selected by the University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Computer Science as the 2014 recipient of the Outstanding Achievement and Advocacy (OAA) Award for Outstanding Achievement in Research.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bullet (band)", "paragraph_text": "Bullet was a one-hit wonder American rock band. Their only hit, \"White Lies, Blue Eyes\", peaked at #28 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in January 1972. Band member (keyboards, vocals) Roget Pontbriand went on to play with K.C. and the Sunshine Band and Wild Cherry. Other members included Ernie Sorrentino and Mike Micara.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Shanghai Triad", "paragraph_text": "Shanghai Triad is a 1995 Chinese film, directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Gong Li. The script is written by Bi Feiyu based on Li Xiao's 1994 novel \"Rules of a Clan\" (门规). The film is set in the criminal underworld of 1930s Shanghai, Republic of China and spans seven days. \"Shanghai Triad's\" Chinese title reads \"Row, row, row to Grandma Bridge\", refers to a well known traditional Chinese lullaby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and the Yarlung king, Drigum Tsenpo, attempted to remove the influence of the Zhang Zhung by expelling the Zhang's Bön priests from Yarlung. He was assassinated and Zhang Zhung continued its dominance of the region until it was annexed by Songtsen Gampo in the 7th century. Prior to Songtsän Gampo, the kings of Tibet were more mythological than factual, and there is insufficient evidence of their existence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Yu Lihua", "paragraph_text": "Yu Lihua was born in Shanghai and went to university in Taiwan, taking history at National Taiwan University. Then she went to the United States to do a graduate degree in journalism at UCLA and then to teach Chinese literature in the Department of Comparative University at the State University of New York.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 122939, "question": "What is the university where Zhi-Li Zhang went?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Roman Fever", "paragraph_text": "In the opening pages of the story, the two women compare their daughters and reflect on each other's lives. Eventually, Alida reveals a secret about a letter written to Grace on a visit to Rome many years ago. The letter was purportedly from Alida's fiancé, Delphin, inviting Grace to a rendezvous at the Colosseum. In fact, Alida forged the letter in an attempt to send Grace on a fruitless outing and expose her ``delicate throat ''to the`` deathly cold.'' Mrs. Ansley is upset at this revelation, but explains that she was not left alone at the Colosseum; she responded to the letter, and Delphin arrived to meet her. Mrs. Ansley then says that she feels sorry for Mrs. Slade, repeating her earlier thoughts. Mrs. Slade states that, while she was ``beaten there, ''Mrs. Ansley ought not to feel sorry for her, because she`` had (Delphin) for twenty - five years'' while Mrs. Ansley had ``nothing but that one letter that he did n't write. ''Mrs. Ansley responds, in the last sentence of the story,`` I had Barbara,'' implying that Barbara is Delphin's daughter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Just Say No", "paragraph_text": "``Just Say No ''was an advertising campaign, part of the U.S.`` War on Drugs'', prevalent during the 1980s and early 1990s, to discourage children from engaging in illegal recreational drug use by offering various ways of saying no. The slogan was created and championed by First Lady Nancy Reagan during her husband's presidency.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Arsène Lupin", "paragraph_text": "Arsène Lupin is a fictional gentleman thief and master of disguise created in 1905 by French writer Maurice Leblanc. He was originally called Arsène Lopin, until a local politician of the same name protested. The character was first introduced in a series of short stories serialized in the magazine \"Je sais tout\". The first story, \"The Arrest of Arsène Lupin\", was published on 15 July 1905.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "NFL season ticket waiting lists", "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers have the longest waiting list, with more than 100,000 names. The team's website says the wait is 30 years. It is a common custom in Green Bay and other Wisconsin cities to put a baby's name on the list as soon as the birth certificate is obtained. Transfer of standing to surviving relatives is permitted by the Packers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Refaat El-Sayed", "paragraph_text": "Refaat El-Sayed (born 11 February 1946 in Egypt) is a businessman of Egyptian and Swedish nationality, who made most of his career in Sweden. At the beginning of the 1980s, he took command of a small biotech company, Fermenta, which he quickly turned into one of the success stories of the Stockholm stock exchange. El-Sayed soon became Sweden's richest man, and made the fortune of his employees and shareholders. A charismatic leader, he was a favourite of the media, and in December 1985 he was named \"Swede of the year\" by the TV news program \"Rapport\". The following month, Fermenta announced a partnership with Swedish industrial giant Volvo. El-Sayed was at the peak of his fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sorry and the Sinatras", "paragraph_text": "Sorry and the Sinatras are a punk rock-influenced hard rock band based in both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and London, United Kingdom, formed in 2007. Since 2010, the band has been composed of Scott Sorry (The Wildhearts, formerly of Amen and Brides of Destruction), Dave Kerr (formerly of The Cherrykicks), Rich Jones (The Loyalties) and Lenny Thomas (formerly of Trashlight Vision). Previously the group featured Danny Sinatra (formerly of Blackbelt) and Roger \"Rags\" Segal (formerly of Trashlight Vision).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": "The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song \"Killing Time\" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit \"No, No, No\". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for \"No, No, No\". The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", the group's first number-one single, \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" and \"Say My Name\", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. \"Say My Name\" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song \"After All Is Said and Done\" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday", "paragraph_text": "``It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday ''is an R&B song written by Motown husband - and - wife songwriting team Freddie Perren and Christine Yarian for the 1975 film Cooley High. In the film, the song is performed by Motown artist G.C. Cameron, whose rendition peaked at number 38 on the Billboard R&B singles chart that same year. Perren also composed the instrumental score for Cooley High, and the B - side to`` It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday'' features two of his score compositions from the film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Impalas", "paragraph_text": "The Impalas were an American doo-wop group in the late 1950s, best known for their hit, \"Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Justin Bieber", "paragraph_text": "On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single ``Friends ''with American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. Songwriters Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single`` Sorry'' in 2015 on his studio album Purpose. Bieber did not attend the 2018 Grammy Awards Show to perform the nominated song ``Despacito '', claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Say What?", "paragraph_text": "Say What? is a music video series that aired on American MTV in 1998. It was created at a time when MTV was being heavily criticized for not playing as many music videos as it had in the past. In an attempt to remedy this problem, five shows were created that centered on videos: \"12 Angry Viewers\", \"MTV Live\", \"Artist's Cut\", \"Total Request\", and \"Say What?\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Saying Sorry", "paragraph_text": "\"Saying Sorry\" is a song by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. It was released on May 22, 2006 as the debut single from their second studio album, \"If Only You Were Lonely\". \"Saying Sorry\" was released to radio on January 31, 2006. The song peaked at #7 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs Chart.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "So You Say", "paragraph_text": "\"So You Say\" is the second and final single taken from former Sugababe Siobhán Donaghy's second studio album, \"Ghosts\". It was co-written by Siobhan and producer–programmer James Sanger. The song was written about Donaghy's first relationship and the breakdown of it. Adam, although not the name of her love, was chosen, due to its biblical references, and the fact that Adam is a common name, so people can relate to it. Donaghy has said the song is a way of almost feeling sorry for herself. The single was also the final release from \"Ghosts\", as well as her final single with Parlophone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sorry Baby", "paragraph_text": "Sorry Baby () is a 1999 Chinese comedy film directed by Feng Xiaogang, presented by Forbidden City Film, starring Jacklyn Wu, Ge You and Fu Biao. It is another Feng Xiaogang hesui pian (\"New Year Celebratory film\") screened during Chinese New Year to boost box office takings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Kickback (band)", "paragraph_text": "The Kickback is an American indie rock band currently based in Chicago, Illinois. The quartet consists of lead Billy Yost, guitarist Jonny Ifergan, and bassist Daniel Leu. Their sophomore album \"Weddings & Funerals\" was released on July 14, 2017. They have also released a clutch of EPs and recently released their debut LP, \"Sorry All Over the Place\", on September 18, 2015 via Jullian Records. The album was recorded by Jim Eno (the drummer for Spoon) at his studio Public Hi-Fi in Austin, Texas. \"Rolling Stone\" says The Kickback \"conjures the very best parts of The Veils and The Walkmen and The Killers, writing lean, nervy songs that snarl and snap.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sorry Not Sorry (Demi Lovato song)", "paragraph_text": "``Sorry Not Sorry ''is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato. She co-wrote the song with Sean Douglas, Trevor Brown, William Zaire Simmons and its producer Oak Felder. It was released on July 11, 2017, through Island Records, Republic Records, Hollywood Records, and Safehouse Records, as the first single from her sixth album, Tell Me You Love Me. An acoustic version of the song is included on the deluxe version of the album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me", "paragraph_text": "``(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me ''is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles`` Fake'', ``Criticize '',`` Never Knew Love Like This'', and ``The Lovers '',`` (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me'' was released as the album's fifth single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Who's Sorry Now (album)", "paragraph_text": "Who's Sorry Now is the third solo studio album released by American country music singer, Marie Osmond. It was her last solo album released under MGM Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fong Sai-yuk II", "paragraph_text": "Fong Sai-yuk II, also known as The Legend II and The Legend of Fong Sai-yuk II, is a 1993 Hong Kong martial arts comedy film directed by Corey Yuen, and also produced by and starring Jet Li as Chinese folk hero Fong Sai-yuk. The film is a sequel to \"Fong Sai-yuk\", which was released earlier in the same year. Two former Miss Hong Kong Pageant winners, Michelle Reis and Amy Kwok, portrayed Fong Sai-yuk's wives.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142534, "question": "What was Saying Sorry's performers name?", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Send Me a Lover", "paragraph_text": "\"Send Me a Lover\" is a single performed by Taylor Dayne, written by Rick Hahn and George Thatcher, and released on September 6, 1993 from her \"Soul Dancing\" album (July 12, 1993). In the United States, it peaked at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 19 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks. In Canada, \"Send Me a Lover\" reached number 24 on the Top Singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover", "paragraph_text": "``50 Ways to Leave Your Lover ''is a song by the American singer - songwriter Paul Simon. It was the second single from his fourth studio album, Still Crazy After All These Years (1975), released on Columbia Records. Backing vocals on the single were performed by Patti Austin, Valerie Simpson, and Phoebe Snow. The song features a recognizable repeated drum riff performed by drummer Steve Gadd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lovers Made Men", "paragraph_text": "Lovers Made Men, alternatively titled The Masque of Lethe or The Masque at Lord Hay's, was a Jacobean era masque, written by Ben Jonson, designed by Inigo Jones, and with music composed by Nicholas Lanier. It was performed on Saturday 22 February 1617, and was significant in the development and acceptance of opera in seventeenth-century England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Husbands, Wives & Lovers", "paragraph_text": "Husbands, Wives & Lovers is an American television sitcom that aired for only one season on CBS in 1978. Created by Joan Rivers, this program focused on the relationships of five suburban couples living in the San Fernando Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "District of Ohio", "paragraph_text": "The District of Ohio was a federal judicial district of the United States created by the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 which consisted of the Northwest and Indiana territories. It marks an early use of the term \"Ohio\" for an area of land as opposed to the long-named Ohio River before the establishment of a state of that name, but otherwise was of little long-term consequence, as the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed the next year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Larry Woodford", "paragraph_text": "Larry Woodford is a former Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who served one month in 2010. Woodford also served as a trustee in Noble County for eleven years, and worked for the Ohio Department of Transportation for over three years. Before working for the Ohio Department of Transportation, Woodford worked for 26 years as a master electrician for Central Ohio Coal Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Carmen McRae Sings Lover Man and Other Billie Holiday Classics", "paragraph_text": "Carmen McRae Sings Lover Man and Other Billie Holiday Classics is a 1962 studio album by Carmen McRae, recorded in tribute to McRae's idol, Billie Holiday, who had died two years previously.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Longest Ride (film)", "paragraph_text": "Luke Collins (Scott Eastwood) is a bull rider on the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) tour, who is seriously injured one night while performing. A year later after recovering, he starts riding again and meets Sophia Danko (Britt Robertson) after she attends the show. She is an art lover living at a sorority house with an internship secured in New York City. On the way home from their first date, they spot a car crash in the woods and help rescue an older man who is stuck inside. Sophia also pulls a wicker box from the vehicle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lovers (Cannonball Adderley album)", "paragraph_text": "Lovers is an album by jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded at the Fantasy Studios in Berkeley, California in 1975, featuring the last recorded performances by Adderley with Nat Adderley, Alvin Batiste, George Duke, Alphonso Johnson, Jack DeJohnette, Airto Moreira with a posthumous track featuring Flora Purim, Nat Adderley, Jr. and Ron Carter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Romeo and Juliet", "paragraph_text": "Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star - crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nick Bottom", "paragraph_text": "Nick Bottom is a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream who provides comic relief throughout the play. A weaver by trade, he is famously known for getting his head transformed into that of a donkey by the elusive Puck. Bottom and Puck are the only two characters who converse with and progress the three central stories in the whole play. Puck is first introduced in the fairies' story and creates the drama of the lovers' story by messing up who loves whom, and places the donkey head on Bottom's in his story. Similarly, Bottom is performing in a play in his story intending it to be presented in the lovers' story, as well as interacting with Titania in the fairies' story.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover", "paragraph_text": "``50 Ways to Leave Your Lover ''is a song by the American singer - songwriter Paul Simon featuring Peter, Paul, and Mary. It was the second single from his fourth studio album, Still Crazy After All These Years (1975), released on Columbia Records. Backing vocals on the single were performed by Patti Austin, Valerie Simpson, and Phoebe Snow. The song features a recognizable repeated drum riff performed by drummer Steve Gadd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Heat of the Day", "paragraph_text": "\"The Heat of the Day\" revolves around the relationship between Stella Rodney and her lover Robert Kelway, with the interfering presence of Harrison in the tense years following the Blitz in London. Harrison, a British intelligence agent who is convinced that Robert is a German spy, uses this knowledge to get between the two lovers and ultimately neutralise Robert. Stella finds herself caught between spy and counterspy. The narrative reveals the \"inextricable knitting together of the individual and the national, the personal and the political.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Allan Detrich", "paragraph_text": "Allan Detrich is an American photographer. He was born in Attica, Ohio, and attended the Ohio Institute of Photography in Dayton, Ohio. In 1998 his photo-essay \"Children of the Underground\" made it to the finals of the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography. In 2002, his photograph of a tornado in Tiffin, Ohio, was chosen by \"Time\" magazine as one of its \"Best Photos of the Year\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kees Verkade", "paragraph_text": "Kees Verkade (born 1941 in Haarlem) is a Dutch artist and sculptor. He specializes in modeling the human form, with an emphasis on movement and emotion. Most of his sculptures are set in bronze. They depict a variety of people, including children, clowns, athletes, dancers, mothers, and lovers. Verkade also creates gouaches and silkscreens to accompany his sculptures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "W. Carlton Weddington", "paragraph_text": "W. Carlton Weddington is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives for the 27th District. He resigned his Ohio House seat after his indictment on bribery and ethics charges in March 2012, the first sitting state legislator in Ohio indicted for bribery in 100 years. Weddington was convicted of the charges and sentenced in June 2012 to three years in prison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ohio Is for Lovers", "paragraph_text": "\"Ohio Is for Lovers\" (also known as simply \"Ohio\") is a song by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. It was released as the debut single in 2004 from their debut full-length studio album, \"The Silence in Black and White\". It was produced by Jay Orpin. According to lead vocalist JT Woodruff, the song is about going on tour whilst leaving their girlfriends behind in Ohio. The song is frequently considered the band's signature song and has been jokingly referred to as \"The Emo Anthem\" for its lyrical content. It peaked at #34 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs Chart. When the music video for the song began getting airplay on MTV, it gave the band widespread popularity, resulting in \"The Silence in Black and White\" being certified gold in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dead and Divine", "paragraph_text": "Dead and Divine was a five-piece post-hardcore band out of Burlington, Ontario, Canada. Their initial success spawned from their 2005 EP \"What Really Happened At Lover's Lane\" on Verona Records (a label created by the band themselves, and Silverstein's Shane Told).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dave Hall (Dayton mayor)", "paragraph_text": "Dave Hall was an American politician of the Ohio Republican party. He served as mayor of Dayton, Ohio. His son, Tony P. Hall, was a Democratic U.S. representative for 24 years and is now U.S. ambassador to several United Nations agencies.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 211103, "question": "Ohio Is for Lovers >> performer", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kagyu-Dzong", "paragraph_text": "The Kagyu-Dzong center is a Buddhist center in Paris, affiliated to the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. This center is linked to the 17th Karmapa, Orgyen Trinley Dorje.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "A Warning to the Hindus", "paragraph_text": "A Warning to the Hindus is a 1939 booklet by intellectual and mystic Savitri Devi. It was written in an attempt to \"...make both those Hindus who are not nationalists and those Indian nationalists who do not care to call themselves Hindus into Hindu nationalists.\" The author projected Hindu India as the last surviving remnant of ancient Aryan spirituality, and issued this work as a warning to what she perceived as the threat of submergence through 'alien', meaning non-Aryan, influences.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "Swayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Victoria High School (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "Victoria High School, commonly referred to as Vic High, is a high school located in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is the oldest high school in the province, and is often cited as \"the oldest public high school in Western Canada.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Buddhism by country", "paragraph_text": "China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population. They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of world Buddhists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Raymond Abescat", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Abescat (September 10, 1891 in Paris – August 25, 2001 in Rueil-Malmaison) was one of the last surviving veterans of World War I in France, its oldest living man and its oldest living veteran when he died aged 109 years, 349 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sanskrit", "paragraph_text": "Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Santa Maria High School", "paragraph_text": "Santa Maria High School (SMHS) is a public comprehensive high school in Santa Maria, California, United States. Located in the heart of the city, Santa Maria High School is the oldest school in the Santa Maria Valley and is part of the oldest high school district in California. The Santa Maria Joint Union High School District was founded on June 6, 1893.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mark Matthews (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Matthews was the oldest surviving Buffalo Soldier in the United States Army when he died at age 111 in 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Girls' High School, Kandy", "paragraph_text": "Girls' High School is a national girls' School located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is the oldest school for girls in Kandy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dromtön", "paragraph_text": "Dromtön or Dromtönpa Gyelwé Jungné (, 1004 or 1005–1064) was the chief disciple of the Buddhist master Atiśa, the initiator of the Kadam school of Tibetan Buddhism and the founder of Reting Monastery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tallong Public School", "paragraph_text": "Tallong Public School is a co-educational government primary school located in Tallong, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1865 in what was then Barber’s Creek, it is the oldest surviving single-teacher schoolhouse in Australia. Workers on the Great Southern Railway were engaged in building a viaduct at Barber’s Creek, and since the nearest government school was five miles away at Marulan, they built the schoolhouse. In July 1865, 75 persons signed a petition to the National Board of Education, requesting that the board pay the salary of a teacher whom they had already hired; the parents paid fees to the teacher but could not afford an adequate salary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Floyd Matthews", "paragraph_text": "Floyd Huston \"Skipper\" Matthews (February 3, 1903 – February 24, 2008) was, at age 105, an American veteran of the United States Navy, in which he served for thirty years. Matthews was the oldest living United States military veteran in Alabama as well as the oldest living submariner at the time of his death at the age of 105. He was also one of the oldest surviving World War II veterans and one of the few surviving World War I era veterans, according to the Alabama Department of Veterans Affairs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Theravada (\"Doctrine of the Elders\", or \"Ancient Doctrine\") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent. After unsuccessfully trying to modify the Vinaya, a small group of \"elderly members\", i.e. sthaviras, broke away from the majority Mahāsāṃghika during the Second Buddhist council, giving rise to the Sthavira sect. Sinhalese Buddhist reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture. They also emphasized Theravada being rational and scientific.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Four periods are recognised in Pakistani architecture: pre-Islamic, Islamic, colonial, and post-colonial. With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, an advanced urban culture developed for the first time in the region, with large buildings, some of which survive to this day. Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, and Kot Diji are among the pre-Islamic settlements that are now tourist attractions. The rise of Buddhism and the influence of Greek civilisation led to the development of a Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st century CE. The high point of this era was the Gandhara style. An example of Buddhist architecture is the ruins of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking \"refuge in the triple gem\" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Choate Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Choate Bridge (1764) is a historic stone arch bridge carrying Route 1A/Route 133 (South Main Street) over the Ipswich River in Ipswich, Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest surviving bridges in North America, and is probably the oldest in Massachusetts. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Avoca Handweavers", "paragraph_text": "Avoca Handweavers, now mostly known simply as Avoca, is a clothing manufacturing, retail and food business in Ireland. The company began in Avoca, County Wicklow and is the oldest working woollen mill in Ireland and one of the world's oldest manufacturing companies. It is also Ireland's oldest surviving business. Although commonly believed to have come from Wicklow, the family are from Sligo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of world Buddhists.[web 1]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2920, "question": "What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bush Street Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Bush Street Temple at 1881 Bush Street in San Francisco, California, is a State Landmark with historical significance to both the Orthodox Jewish community and to Buddhism in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Buddhist meditation", "paragraph_text": "Core meditation techniques have been preserved in ancient Buddhist texts and have proliferated and diversified through teacher - student transmissions. Buddhists pursue meditation as part of the path toward Enlightenment and Nirvana. The closest words for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism are bhāvanā and jhāna / dhyāna. Buddhist meditation techniques have become increasingly popular in the wider world, with many non-Buddhists taking them up for a variety of reasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nirvana (EP)", "paragraph_text": "Nirvana is the debut extended play (EP) by English singer Sam Smith. It was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 4 October 2013. The EP includes an acoustic version of Disclosure's \"Latch\". \"Safe with Me\" peaked at number 86 and \"Nirvana\" peaked at number 82 on the UK Singles Chart in October 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cul green", "paragraph_text": "Cúl Green is an initiative aimed at making Ireland's largest sports stadium, Croke Park, carbon-neutral. Cúl Green means Green Goal in Irish and it was launched in May 2008 and involves the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and Ireland's Electricity Supply Board (ESB) putting in place a state of the art environmental-improvement programme covering the stadium's electricity, waste and water management systems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hormoaning", "paragraph_text": "Hormoaning is an EP by the American rock band Nirvana. It was released on February 5, 1992 through DGC Records and Geffen Records. It was released in Australia and Japan only, during the band's tour there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pháp Hiền", "paragraph_text": "Pháp Hiền (died 626) was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk notable in the early history of Buddhism in Vietnam, Vietnamese Thiền or Chinese Chán Zen Buddhism in Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Said the actress to the bishop", "paragraph_text": "The phrase ``Said the actress to the bishop ''is a colloquial and vulgar British exclamation, offering humour by serving as a punch line that exposes an unintended double entendre. An equivalent phrase in North America is`` that's what she said''. Each phrase is an example of a Wellerism, exposing a second meaning of what precedes it. The versatility of such phrases, and their popularity, lead some to consider them clichéd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Here She Comes Now / Venus in Furs", "paragraph_text": "\"Here She Comes Now\"/\"Venus in Furs\" is a split single from the American rock bands Nirvana and The Melvins. It was released in 1991 and includes the songs \"Here She Comes Now\" performed by Nirvana, and \"Venus in Furs\" performed by The Melvins. Both songs are cover versions of Velvet Underground songs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (such as Ajita Kesakambali), antinomians (such as Purana Kassapa); the most important ones in the 5th century BCE were the Ajivikas, who emphasized the rule of fate, the Lokayata (materialists), the Ajnanas (agnostics) and the Jains, who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter. Many of these new movements shared the same conceptual vocabulary—atman (\"Self\"), buddha (\"awakened one\"), dhamma (\"rule\" or \"law\"), karma (\"action\"), nirvana (\"extinguishing\"), samsara (\"eternal recurrence\") and yoga (\"spiritual practice\").[note 24] The shramanas rejected the Veda, and the authority of the brahmans, who claimed they possessed revealed truths not knowable by any ordinary human means. Moreover, they declared that the entire Brahmanical system was fraudulent: a conspiracy of the brahmans to enrich themselves by charging exorbitant fees to perform bogus rites and give useless advice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Preamble to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Preamble to the United States Constitution is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. It states in general terms, and courts have referred to it as reliable evidence of the Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "What Do You Mean?", "paragraph_text": "``What Do You Mean? ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason`` Poo Bear'' Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. ``What Do You Mean? ''is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and`` slick beat'' elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while Bieber uses a smooth, soulful vocal. Lyrically, ``What Do You Mean? ''describes not being able to figure out the opposite sex with Bieber asking a girl why her body language is conflicting with her words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Strain theory (sociology)", "paragraph_text": "Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream) though they lack the means, this leads to strain which may lead the individuals to commit crimes. Examples being selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution to gain financial security.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buddhism in Senegal", "paragraph_text": "In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: ``Nam mô A Di Đà Phật ''(Mean:`` Glory to Buddha Amitabha'') as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2745, "question": "In what buddhism is the goal a state of nirvana?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Georg Ossian Sars", "paragraph_text": "Georg Ossian Sars was born on 20 April 1837 in Kinn, Norway (now part of Flora), the son of Pastor Michael Sars and Maren Sars; the historian Ernst Sars was his elder brother, and the singer Eva Nansen was his younger sister. He grew up in Manger, Hordaland, where his father was the local priest. He studied from 1852 to 1854 at Bergen Cathedral School, from 1854 at Christiania Cathedral School, and joined the university at Christiana (now the University of Oslo) in 1857. He indulged his interest in natural history while studying medicine; having collected water fleas in local lakes with Wilhelm Lilljeborg's works, he discovered new species, and this resulted in his first scientific publication. Georg Ossian Sars had a good memory and excellent drawing skills, and illustrated some of his father's zoological works.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Indian English literature", "paragraph_text": "Indian English Literature (IEL) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India. Its early history began with the works of Michael Madhusudan Dutt followed by R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s. It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora, such as V.S. Naipaul, Kiran Desai, Jhumpa Lahiri, Kovid Gupta, Agha Shahid Ali, Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie, who are of Indian descent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hunter-gatherer", "paragraph_text": "At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, \"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\" as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their \"affluence\" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bonnie HeavyRunner", "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Combes HeavyRunner (died November 24, 1997) founded the Native American Studies program at the University of Montana. She was the director of the Native American Studies department and pioneered the creation of The Payne Family Native American Center on the University of Montana campus. She was a member of the Blackfeet Nation and worked to create a support system for Native American students on the University of Montana campus until her death of ovarian cancer on November 24, 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Graham Gardner", "paragraph_text": "For more than ten years, Graham Gardner was an academic researcher, based at Aberystwyth University on the coast of West Wales, from where gained his PhD in 2003. During this time, he worked with Dr Bill Edwards and Dr Michael Woods on a study of civic participation in market towns funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, a review of community and town councils in Wales commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government, several studies of the economy and society of rural Wales for the Wales Rural Observatory, and a review of the Quality Parish and Town Council Scheme commissioned by the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. As an extension of this work, he subsequently advised the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) on the appropriateness and likely impact of giving parish and town councils in England a new general power to promote wellbeing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "End of Watch", "paragraph_text": "End of Watch is a 2012 American action thriller drama film written and directed by David Ayer. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal and Michael Peña as Brian Taylor and Miguel Zavala, two Los Angeles Police Department officers who work in South Los Angeles. The film focuses on their day-to-day police work, their dealings with a certain group of gang members, their friendship with each other, and their personal relationships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jane Luu", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jane X. Luu (Vietnamese: Lưu Lệ Hằng; born July 1963) is a Vietnamese American astronomer. She was awarded the Kavli Prize (shared with David C. Jewitt and Michael Brown) for 2012 \"for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Michael Berland", "paragraph_text": "Michael Berland attended The Latin School of Chicago and graduated magna cum laude from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he was a Commonwealth Scholar. He received his initial training at the Social and Demographic Research Institute.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Robert Dudley Baxter", "paragraph_text": "Robert Dudley Baxter was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge University. He studied law and entered his father's firm of Baxter & Co., solicitors, with which he was connected until his death. Though studiously attentive to business, he was enabled, as a member of the Statistical and other learned societies, to accomplish much useful economic work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia", "paragraph_text": "The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, subtitled \"Scholarship and Critical Assessment\", edited by Michael D. C. Drout, was published by Routledge in 2006 (). A team of 127 Tolkien scholars on 720 pages covers topics of Tolkien's fiction, his academic works, his intellectual and spiritual influences, and his biography. Co-editors were Douglas A. Anderson and Verlyn Flieger (both Drout's co-editors also of \"Tolkien Studies\"), Marjorie Burns and Tom Shippey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Knox Martin", "paragraph_text": "Born in Barranquilla, Colombia, he studied at the Art Students League of New York from 1946 till 1950. He is one of the leading members of the New York School of artists and writers. He lives and works in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mefford Knoll", "paragraph_text": "Mefford Knoll () is a rocky knoll or ledge on the lower west slopes of the Mount Berlin massif, in the Flood Range of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Michael Mefford, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program team that studied ice sheet dynamics in the area northeast of Byrd Station, 1971–72.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Robert Berland", "paragraph_text": "Robert \"Bobby\" Berland (born November 5, 1961 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American judoka who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ibn Abi Usaibia", "paragraph_text": "Ibn Abi Usaibia was born at Damascus, a member of the Banu Khazraj tribe. The son of a physician, he studied medicine at Damascus and Cairo. In 1236 he was appointed physician to a new hospital in Cairo, but the following year he took up an offer by ruler of Damascus, of a post in Salkhad, near Damascus, where he lived until his death. His only surviving work is \"Lives of the Physicians\". In that work he mentions another of his works, but it has not survived.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Robert A. Leonard", "paragraph_text": "Robert A. Leonard is an American linguist. He is best known for his work in forensic linguistics, which relates to investigating problems of the law by using the study of language. This includes analyzing legal material work such as notes, audio and video tape recordings, contracts, and confessions. Prior to his academic career, Leonard was a founding member of the rock band Sha Na Na and performed at Woodstock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Eliezer Berland", "paragraph_text": "Eliezer Berland (born December 26, 1937) is an Israeli Orthodox Jewish rabbi affiliated with the Breslov Hasidic movement in Israel. He is \"rosh yeshiva\" (head of the yeshiva) of Yeshivat Shuvu Bonim (also known as Yeshivat Nechamat Zion) in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The movement is seen by some as a sect. Berland is a member of Vaad Olami D'Chasedai Breslov (World Committee of Breslov Chassidim), a supervisory council for many Breslov activities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Michael Denning", "paragraph_text": "Michael Denning (born 1954) is an American cultural historian and William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American Studies at Yale University. His work has been influential in shaping the field of American Studies by importing and interpreting the work of British Cultural Studies theorists. Although he received his Ph.D. from Yale University and studied with Fredric Jameson, perhaps the greatest influence on his work is the time he spent at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies working with Stuart Hall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Michael Szwarc", "paragraph_text": "Michael Szwarc (9 June 1909, Będzin, Poland – 4 August 2000, United States) was a British and American polymer chemist who discovered and studied ionic living polymerization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Louis-Charles Malassez", "paragraph_text": "He studied medicine in Paris, where he worked as an \"interne\" from 1867. He served with the 5th Ambulance Corps during the Franco-Prussian War, afterwards returning to Paris, where he worked with distinguished physicians that included Claude Bernard, Jean-Martin Charcot and Pierre Potain. In 1875, he attained the chair of anatomy at Collège de France, and in 1894, became a member of the \"Académie de Médecine\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 123312, "question": "Where did Michael Berland study or work?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Temple Law Review", "paragraph_text": "Temple Law Review is a student-edited law review, sponsored by the Temple University Beasley School of Law. The journal is \"dedicated to providing a forum for the expression of new legal thought and scholarly commentary on important developments, trends, and issues in the law.\" Publishing continuously since 1927, Temple Law Review is one of three student journals at Temple University Beasley School of Law. Four issues are printed each year, with the Summer issue traditionally focusing on scholarly materials presented during that year's Symposium. Temple Law Review also publishes \"Temple Law Review Online\", a supplement for \"scholarly works that are shorter than the traditional law review article, involve time-sensitive topics, or directly respond to materials published in Temple Law Review's printed issues.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "A Prayer for Owen Meany", "paragraph_text": "A Prayer for Owen Meany is the seventh novel by American writer John Irving. Published in 1989, it tells the story of John Wheelwright and his best friend Owen Meany growing up together in a small New Hampshire town during the 1950s and 1960s. According to John's narration, Owen is a remarkable boy in many ways; he believes himself to be God's instrument and sets out to fulfill the fate he has prophesied for himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Theoretical Inquiries in Law", "paragraph_text": "Theoretical Inquiries in Law is a biannual peer-reviewed Israeli law journal published by Tel Aviv University. It is the only English law journal published by the school, and one out of two published in English in Israel, alongside Israel Law Review.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Columbia Law Review", "paragraph_text": "The Columbia Law Review is a law review edited and published by students at Columbia Law School. The journal publishes scholarly articles, essays, and student notes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology", "paragraph_text": "Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology is a peer-reviewed journal for oncologists. The journal was renamed from Nature Clinical Practice Oncology in April 2009. \"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology\" is one of eight Clinical Review journals published by the Nature Publishing Group. It covers research developments and clinical practice in oncology. The Chief Editor is Dr Diana Romero who works with an international Advisory Board of clinicians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Annual Review of Biochemistry", "paragraph_text": "Annual Review of Biochemistry is an annual peer reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, a nonprofit scientific publisher. The editor in chief is Roger D. Kornberg (Stanford University). The journal focuses on molecular biology and biological chemistry review articles. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 30.283, ranking it second out of 289 journals in the category \"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Living Reviews in Relativity", "paragraph_text": "Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal publishing reviews on relativity in the areas of physics and astrophysics. It was founded by Bernard Schutz and published at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics from 1998-2015. After it was sold by Max Planck Society in June 2015, it is now published by the academic publisher Springer Science+Business Media.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "German Studies Review", "paragraph_text": "German Studies Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal and an official publication of the German Studies Association that is published triannually. It was established in 1978 and publishes articles on the history, literature, culture, and politics of German-speaking Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "European Polymer Journal", "paragraph_text": "European Polymer Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 1965 and published by Elsevier. The journal is publishing both original research and review papers on topic of the physics and chemistry of polymers. In 2006, it launched the polymer nanotechnology section.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Annals of Operations Research", "paragraph_text": "Annals of Operations Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was previously published by Baltzer Science Publishers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "University of Wyoming", "paragraph_text": "The University of Wyoming is a land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation of 7,220 feet (2194 m), between the Laramie and Snowy Range mountains. It is known as UW (often pronounced \"U-Dub\") to people close to the university. The university was founded in March 1886, four years before the territory was admitted as the 44th state, and opened in September 1887. The University of Wyoming is unusual in that its location within the state is written into the state's constitution. The university also offers outreach education in communities throughout Wyoming and online.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews", "paragraph_text": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering behavioral neuroscience published by Elsevier. The journal publishes reviews, theoretical articles, and mini-reviews. It is an official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "On the Origin of Species", "paragraph_text": "The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous \"ordained becoming\", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported \"creation by birth\", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the \"Great Hippocampus Question\" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the \"great hippopotamus test\", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Microelectronics International", "paragraph_text": "Microelectronics International is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by Emerald Group Publishing. The editor is John Atkinson. It covers research on miniaturized electronic devices, microcircuit engineering, semiconductor technology, and systems engineering. Publishing formats include original technical papers, research papers, case studies, reviews, and book reviews. The journal was established in 1982 as \"Hybrid Circuits\" ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "In Austria, the Austrian Constitution of 1920 (based on a draft by Hans Kelsen) introduced judicial review of legislative acts for their constitutionality. This function is performed by the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof), which is also charged with the review of administrative acts on whether they violate constitutionally guaranteed rights. Other than that, administrative acts are reviewed by the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof). The Supreme Court (Oberste Gerichtshof (OGH)), stands at the top of Austria's system of \"ordinary courts\" (ordentliche Gerichte) as the final instance in issues of private law and criminal law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Optical Review", "paragraph_text": "Optical Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1994 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media in partnership with the Optical Society of Japan. The editor-in-chief is Suezo Nakadate. The journal publishes research and review papers in all subdisciplines of optical science and optical engineering.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Owen Wister Review", "paragraph_text": "The Owen Wister Review is the University of Wyoming's annual art and literature magazine produced through the Student Media department, which publishes creative non-fiction, poetry, fiction, and art. The editorial staff is made up entirely of undergraduate and graduate students. The journal was established in 1978 and named for Owen Wister, who set the first modern western novel, \"The Virginian\", not far from Laramie, in the town of Medicine Bow.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Catholic University Law Review", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic University Law Review is a student-run quarterly law review published by the Columbus School of Law (The Catholic University of America).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nature Reviews Microbiology", "paragraph_text": "Nature Reviews Microbiology is a peer-reviewed review journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. It publishes reviews and perspectives on microbiology, bridging fundamental research and its clinical, industrial, and environmental applications.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mass Spectrometry Reviews", "paragraph_text": "Mass Spectrometry Reviews (usually abbreviated as \"Mass Spectrom. Rev.\"), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1982 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes reviews in selected topics of mass spectrometry and associated scientific disciplines bimonthly.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 150255, "question": "Who published Owen Wister Review?", "answer": "University of Wyoming", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 698136, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "land-grant university", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "Land-grant university" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "James Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "James \"Jimmy\" Metcalf (March 11, 1925 – January 27, 2012) was an American sculptor, artist and educator. Metcalf established and led a community for copper artisans in Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, Mexico, from the 1970s until his death in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt is a 2009 American crime drama film and a remake of the 1956 film of the same name by Fritz Lang. Written, directed and filmed by Peter Hyams, the new version starred Jesse Metcalfe, Michael Douglas and Amber Tamblyn. The production was announced in February 2008 and filming began the following month.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "May Night (Willard Metcalf painting)", "paragraph_text": "May Night is a 1906 oil painting by American Impressionist Willard Metcalf. It is a nocturne depicting the home of Florence Griswold, now the Florence Griswold Museum in Old Lyme, Connecticut. It was the first contemporary painting purchased by the Corcoran Gallery of Art, and is Metcalf's \"most celebrated work.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Demetrius Douglas", "paragraph_text": "Demetrius Douglas is Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives, serving since 2013. Douglas was a linebacker for the University of Georgia Bulldogs. He also played briefly in the NFL and CFL. Douglas is currently a mortgage broker and high school football coach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Thomas A. Flaherty", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Aloysius Flaherty (December 21, 1898 – April 27, 1965) was a member of the US House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Flaherty was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 21, 1898. He attended the public schools, Boston College High School and Northeastern University Law School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Samuel Morse", "paragraph_text": "After attending Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, Samuel Morse went on to Yale College to receive instruction in the subjects of religious philosophy, mathematics, and science of horses. While at Yale, he attended lectures on electricity from Benjamin Silliman and Jeremiah Day and was a member of the Society of Brothers in Unity. He supported himself by painting. In 1810, he graduated from Yale with Phi Beta Kappa honors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "John Rowland (Desperate Housewives)", "paragraph_text": "Metcalfe was a regular cast member during the first season. However, after the affair is revealed to Carlos in the first season finale by John himself, Metcalfe left the regular cast. Since his departure, he has made several guest appearances in subsequent seasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery", "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mike Nicolette", "paragraph_text": "Nicolette was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida and was a member of the golf team. While a student at Rollins, he won the 1976 NCAA Division II Men's Golf Championship. He turned pro in 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "William Henry Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "William Henry Metcalf VC, MM & Bar (29 January 1894 – 8 August 1968) was an American soldier in the Canadian Army during World War I. Metcalf was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Although Metcalf was born in the United States, Metcalf is also considered Canadian since he joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914. He is one of only six Americans to receive the Victoria Cross.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Douglas Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Metcalf was born in Southwick, Massachusetts and studied with Michael Sussman and Allan Meyer, graduating with honors from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, in both Music Education and Clarinet Performance. He went on to do postgraduate studies at Indiana University in Bloomington with Eli Eban.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Andrew Horne", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Horne graduated from the University of Louisville in 1983. While attending the school he was accepted as to the fraternity of Phi Kappa Tau which has famous alumni such as actor Paul Newman and Senator Mitch McConnell. He was the first member of his family to graduate college.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jeff Rackley", "paragraph_text": "Born in Nelson, Rackley attended Nelson College from 1966 to 1971. He was a member of the school's 1st XI cricket team from 1968 to 1970, captaining the side in 1970. He was also a member and captain of the 1st XV rugby team in 1970 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Carolyn Treacy Bramante", "paragraph_text": "Carolyn Treacy Bramante (born March 19, 1982) is an athlete from Duluth, Minnesota, USA. She was a member of the U.S. 2006 Winter Olympics biathlon team. She attended Dartmouth College where she earned her undergraduate degree in sociology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Metcalfe, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Metcalfe is a locality in central Victoria, Australia. At the , Metcalfe had a population of 185. The name 'Metcalfe' probably derives from Baron (Charles) Metcalfe, Governor-General of India and later of Canada, who died in 1846. Metcalfe lies on the Coliban River, downstream from the Malmsbury reservoir.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121313, "question": "The college Douglas Metcalf attended was what?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lee Upton", "paragraph_text": "Lee Upton (born June 2, 1953 St. Johns, Michigan) is an American poet, fiction writer, literary critic, and a graduate of the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thomas A. Flaherty", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Aloysius Flaherty (December 21, 1898 – April 27, 1965) was a member of the US House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Flaherty was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 21, 1898. He attended the public schools, Boston College High School and Northeastern University Law School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Clyde Barnhart", "paragraph_text": "Clyde Lee Barnhart (December 29, 1895 – January 21, 1980) was a right-handed outfielder and third baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He attended Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, where he participated in college baseball.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "William W. Upton", "paragraph_text": "William W. Upton (July 11, 1817 – January 23, 1896) was an American jurist and politician. He served as Oregon’s 8th Chief Justice of the state’s highest court. William Upton served from 1867 until 1874 on the Oregon Supreme Court before appointment to a position with the United States Treasury in 1877. A native of New York, he was elected to the state legislatures in Michigan, California, and Oregon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Eric Upton", "paragraph_text": "Eric Upton (born April 29, 1953 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman with the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. He was named a CFL Western All-Star in 1979 and was a part of five Grey Cup championship teams with the Eskimos. Upton played CIAU football at the University of Ottawa, where he was a member of the 1975 Vanier Cup championship team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Andrew Horne", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Horne graduated from the University of Louisville in 1983. While attending the school he was accepted as to the fraternity of Phi Kappa Tau which has famous alumni such as actor Paul Newman and Senator Mitch McConnell. He was the first member of his family to graduate college.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gary Yia Lee", "paragraph_text": "Gary Yia Lee (born Lee Yia, 1949) is a Hmong anthropologist and author based in Australia. Lee was born in Ban Houei Kouang, Muong Mok, Xieng Khouang, Laos. In 1961, his family was displaced by the civil war and they joined other Hmong refugees in the city of Vientiane. He excelled in a Lao school system run by the French, and had hopes of attending college in France. In 1965, after winning a Colombo Plan scholarship, he traveled to Australia instead to finish high school", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cornish Blue", "paragraph_text": "Cornish Blue is a type of blue cheese from Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is made by the Cornish Cheese Company at Upton Cross.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery", "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mike Nicolette", "paragraph_text": "Nicolette was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida and was a member of the golf team. While a student at Rollins, he won the 1976 NCAA Division II Men's Golf Championship. He turned pro in 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jeff Rackley", "paragraph_text": "Born in Nelson, Rackley attended Nelson College from 1966 to 1971. He was a member of the school's 1st XI cricket team from 1968 to 1970, captaining the side in 1970. He was also a member and captain of the 1st XV rugby team in 1970 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bruce Lee", "paragraph_text": "Chow's husband was a co-worker and friend of Lee's father. Lee's elder brother Peter Lee (李忠琛) would also join him in Seattle for a short stay before moving on to Minnesota to attend college. In December 1960, Lee completed his high school education and received his diploma from Edison Technical School on Capitol Hill in Seattle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bruce Lee", "paragraph_text": "After attending Tak Sun School (德信學校) (several blocks from his home at 218 Nathan Road, Kowloon), Lee entered the primary school division of the Catholic La Salle College at the age of 12. In 1956, due to poor academic performance and possibly poor conduct, he was transferred to St. Francis Xavier's College, where he would be mentored by Brother Edward, a teacher and coach of the school boxing team. In 1958, Bruce won the Hong Kong schools boxing tournament, knocking out the previous champion in the final.In the spring of 1959, Lee got into another street fight, and the police were called.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jamal Khwaja", "paragraph_text": "In 1942 his father, Abdul Majeed Khwaja had a serious heart attack. In 1943 the family moved back to the ancestral home at Aligarh, where Jamal Khwaja joined the Aligarh Muslim University, formerly the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College where many of his family members had attended or taught.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Derek Robinson (novelist)", "paragraph_text": "After attending Cotham Grammar School, Robinson served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter plotter, during his National Service. He has a History degree from Cambridge University, where he attended Downing College, has worked in advertising in the UK and the US and as a broadcaster on radio and television. He was a qualified rugby referee for over thirty years and is a life member of Bristol Society of Rugby Referees. He was married in 1964.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121447, "question": "The college Lee Upton attended was what?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "paragraph_text": "It is 1973, the height of the Cold War. George Smiley, former senior official of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (known as ``the Circus ''because its London office is at Cambridge Circus), has been living in unhappy retirement for a year after an operation in Czechoslovakia, codenamed Testify, ended in disaster with the capture and torture of agent Jim Prideaux. The failure resulted in the dismissals of Smiley and his superior, Control, the head of the Circus. Smiley is unexpectedly approached by Peter Guillam, his former protege at the Circus, and Under - Secretary Oliver Lacon, the Civil Service officer responsible for overseeing the Circus. At Lacon's home they meet with Ricki Tarr, a Circus agent who had been missing for months and had been declared persona - non-grata upon suspicion of having defected to Moscow. Tarr tells them of the existence of a Soviet mole at the highest level of the Circus. The mole is codenamed Gerald and is handled by Moscow Centre's agent, Polyakov, stationed at the Soviet embassy in London. Tarr tells them that when he obtained this information from a female Russian diplomat visiting Hong Kong and informed London, the woman was forcibly returned to Moscow. Tarr, realising someone in London had betrayed him, went on the run, eventually coming out to contact his former boss Guillam, the only person in the Circus he could trust.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sátántangó", "paragraph_text": "Sátántangó (; meaning 'Satan's Tango') is a 1994 Hungarian art drama film directed by Béla Tarr. Shot in black-and-white, it runs for more than seven hours. It is based on the novel \"Satantango\" by Hungarian novelist László Krasznahorkai, who had been providing Tarr with stories since his 1988 film \"Damnation\". Tarr had wanted to make the film since 1985 but was unable to proceed with the production due to the strict political environment in Hungary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Derek Robinson (novelist)", "paragraph_text": "After attending Cotham Grammar School, Robinson served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter plotter, during his National Service. He has a History degree from Cambridge University, where he attended Downing College, has worked in advertising in the UK and the US and as a broadcaster on radio and television. He was a qualified rugby referee for over thirty years and is a life member of Bristol Society of Rugby Referees. He was married in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Andrew Horne", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Horne graduated from the University of Louisville in 1983. While attending the school he was accepted as to the fraternity of Phi Kappa Tau which has famous alumni such as actor Paul Newman and Senator Mitch McConnell. He was the first member of his family to graduate college.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Carolyn Treacy Bramante", "paragraph_text": "Carolyn Treacy Bramante (born March 19, 1982) is an athlete from Duluth, Minnesota, USA. She was a member of the U.S. 2006 Winter Olympics biathlon team. She attended Dartmouth College where she earned her undergraduate degree in sociology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Samuel Morse", "paragraph_text": "After attending Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, Samuel Morse went on to Yale College to receive instruction in the subjects of religious philosophy, mathematics, and science of horses. While at Yale, he attended lectures on electricity from Benjamin Silliman and Jeremiah Day and was a member of the Society of Brothers in Unity. He supported himself by painting. In 1810, he graduated from Yale with Phi Beta Kappa honors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Thomas A. Flaherty", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Aloysius Flaherty (December 21, 1898 – April 27, 1965) was a member of the US House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Flaherty was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 21, 1898. He attended the public schools, Boston College High School and Northeastern University Law School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mike Nicolette", "paragraph_text": "Nicolette was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida and was a member of the golf team. While a student at Rollins, he won the 1976 NCAA Division II Men's Golf Championship. He turned pro in 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Brian Smith (linebacker, born 1989)", "paragraph_text": "Brian Smith (born January 8, 1989) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and attended St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Overland Park, Kansas. He was a member of the Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Buffalo Bills.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Peri Tarr", "paragraph_text": "Peri Tarr received her BS in Zoology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1986, and her MS and PhD in Computer Science from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (1992 and 1996, respectively). Between her BS and MS/PhD, she worked full-time at the University of Massachusetts Physical Plant, attempting to introduce an automated system to help with the Plant's operations. After receiving her PhD, she joined the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center as a Research Staff Member in 1996, where she worked on and led various projects relating to issues of software composition, morphogenic software, and aspect-oriented software development.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery", "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Euridice (Caccini)", "paragraph_text": "Euridice is an opera in a prologue and one act by the Italian composer Giulio Caccini. The libretto, by Ottavio Rinuccini, had already been set by Caccini's rival Jacopo Peri in 1600. Caccini's version of \"Euridice\" was first performed at the Pitti Palace, Florence on 5 December 1602. Caccini hurriedly prepared the score for the press and published it six weeks before Peri's version appeared.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Joseph Rosier", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Rosier (January 24, 1870October 7, 1951) was a United States Senator from West Virginia. Born in Wilsonburg, West Virginia, he attended the public schools and graduated from Salem College in 1895. In 1890, Rosier was a teacher of the village school at Bristol, West Virginia and was principal of the public schools of Salem in 1891 and 1892; in 1893 and 1894 he was superintendent of schools of Harrison County, West Virginia and was a member of the faculty of Salem College from 1894 to 1896. He was a teacher in the State normal school at Glenville, West Virginia from 1896 to 1897 and was a member of the faculty of the State Teachers' College at Fairmont, West Virginia from 1897 to 1900. He was superintendent of schools of Fairmont from 1900–1915 and was president of Fairmont State College, Fairmont from 1915–1945 and then president emeritus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jeff Rackley", "paragraph_text": "Born in Nelson, Rackley attended Nelson College from 1966 to 1971. He was a member of the school's 1st XI cricket team from 1968 to 1970, captaining the side in 1970. He was also a member and captain of the 1st XV rugby team in 1970 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Peri Gilpin", "paragraph_text": "Peri Gilpin (born Peri Kay Oldham; May 27, 1961) is an American actress. Best known for portraying Roz Doyle in the U.S. television series Frasier, Gilpin is also known for portraying Kim Keeler in the ABC Family television drama Make It or Break It.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121528, "question": "The college Peri Tarr attended was what?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Line length", "paragraph_text": "Traditional line length research, limited to print based text, resulted in a variety of results but generally for printed text it is widely accepted that line length fall between 45 - 75 characters per line (cpl), though the ideal is 66 cpl (including letters and spaces). For conventional books line lengths tend to be 30 times the size of the type, but between 20 and 40 times is considered acceptable (i.e. 30 x 10pt font = 300 pt line). Early studies considered line lengths between 59 -- 97 mm (about 57 cpl) is optimum for 10 point font. For printed works with multiple columns 40 - 50 cpl is often better. For justified, English language text the minimum number of characters per line is 40 characters; anything less than 38 - 40 characters often results in splotches of white spaces (or rivers) or too many hyphenations in the block of text. Longer lines (between 85 - 90 cpl) may be acceptable for discontinuous text such as in bibliographies or footnotes, but for continuous text lines with more than 80 characters may be too long. Short text, such as ragged marginal notes, may be as little as 12 - 15 characters per line. Studies have shown that short lines are often preferred over long lines by study participants, likely because they feel more at ease with format, which contradicts research suggesting longer lines are best for quick reading.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Codex Floriacensis", "paragraph_text": "The Codex Floriacensis, designated by h in traditional system or by 55 in the Beuron system, is a 6th-century Latin manuscript of the New Testament. The text, written on vellum, is a palimpsest. Another name of the manuscript is \"Fleury Palimpsest\" or \"Palimpsestus Floriacensis\". It is one of the eight Old-Latin manuscripts with text of Apocalypse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Phonology", "paragraph_text": "The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Étienne Decroux", "paragraph_text": "Étienne Decroux (19 July 1898 in Paris, France – 12 March 1991 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) was a French actor who studied at Jacques Copeau's École du Vieux-Colombier, where he saw the beginnings of what was to become his life's obsession–corporeal mime. During his long career as a film and theatre actor, he created many pieces, using the human body as the primary means of expression.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of science", "paragraph_text": "Medicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Am that I Am", "paragraph_text": "I am that I am is a common English translation of the Hebrew phrase אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה ‬, 'ehyeh' ăšer 'ehyeh ((ʔɛhˈjɛh ʔaˈʃɛr ʔɛhˈjɛh)) - also ``I am who am '',`` I am who I am'' or ``I will be what I will be ''or even`` I create what (ever) I create''. The traditional English translation within Judaism favors ``I will be what I will be ''because there is no present tense of the verb`` to be'' in the Hebrew language. So for example to say ``I am a book ''in Hebrew would be Ani Sefer (literally in English is`` I book''). This translation of phrase from the Hebrew Bible is often guided by the theology or ideology of the people doing the translation or their sponsors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in \"The Buddha and His Dhamma\". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pāṇini", "paragraph_text": "Pāṇini is known for his text Ashtadhyayi, a sutra - style treatise on Sanskrit grammar, 3,959 ``verses ''or rules on linguistics, syntax and semantics in`` eight chapters'' which is the foundational text of the Vyākaraṇa branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the Vedic period. His aphoristic text attracted numerous bhashya (commentaries), of which Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya is the most famous in Hindu traditions. His ideas influenced and attracted commentaries from scholars of other Indian religions such as Buddhism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Yoga", "paragraph_text": "The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements. The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Upanishads. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century. Hatha yoga texts emerged sometimes between the 9th and 11th century with origins in tantra.Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century with his adaptation of yoga tradition, excluding asanas. Outside India, it has developed into a form of posture-based physical fitness, stress-relief and relaxation technique. Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core. One of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism is also called Yoga, which has its own epistemology and metaphysics, and is closely related to Hindu Samkhya philosophy.Many studies have tried to determine the effectiveness of modern yoga as a complementary intervention for cancer, schizophrenia, asthma, and heart disease. The results of these studies have been mixed and inconclusive. On December 1, 2016, yoga was listed by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Translation", "paragraph_text": "Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It later focused on translating classical Greek and Persian works, as well as some Chinese and Indian texts, into Arabic for scholarly study at major Islamic learning centers, such as the Al-Karaouine (Fes, Morocco), Al-Azhar (Cairo, Egypt), and the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. In terms of theory, Arabic translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions as well as more contemporary Greek and Persian traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Queijadinha", "paragraph_text": "Queijadinha is a kind of sweet which originated in Portugal, and is common in Brazil. This candy was essentially improved during the colonial period in the farms of colonial Brazil and it was very influenced by the African slave culture. There are many types of \"queijadinhas\", but the traditional one is prepared with these main ingredients: grated coconut and cheese, sweetened condensed milk, sugar, butter and egg yolks. Queijadinhas are very common in bakeries and children’s parties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Later in Sri Lanka, the Dhammapada was championed as a unifying scripture.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Culture", "paragraph_text": "From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. As the field developed it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender.[citation needed] Cultural studies has a concern with the meaning and practices of everyday life. These practices comprise the ways people do particular things (such as watching television, or eating out) in a given culture. This field studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Watching television in order to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture, unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends in order to \"fit in\" certainly qualifies, since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. Recently, as capitalism has spread throughout the world (a process called globalization), cultural studies has begun[when?] to analyze local and global forms of resistance to Western hegemony.[citation needed] Globalization in this context can be defined as western civilization in other ways, it undermines the cultural integrity of other culture and it is therefore repressive, exploitative and harmful to most people in different places.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "Commentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God. In contrast, Quranic literalism, followed by Salafis and Zahiris, is the belief that the Quran should only be taken at its apparent meaning.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "History of science", "paragraph_text": "With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam", "paragraph_text": "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is a Sanskrit phrase found in Hindu texts such as the Maha Upanishad, which means ``the world is one family ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mary Ellen Bute", "paragraph_text": "A native of Houston, Mary Ellen Bute studied painting in Texas and, subsequently, Philadelphia, then stage lighting at Yale University. She studied the tradition of color organs, as a means of painting with light. She worked with Leon Theremin and Thomas Wilfred and was also influenced by the abstract animated films of Oskar Fischinger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Full Circle: The Photographs", "paragraph_text": "The rest of the book consists of Basil Pao's photographs, each with a short text indicating what the picture is about and where it was taken. Some of the pictures are displayed as impressive two-page spreads.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Economic inequality", "paragraph_text": "Wealth concentration is a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth. Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society. Thomas Piketty in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century argues that the fundamental force for divergence is the usually greater return of capital (r) than economic growth (g), and that larger fortunes generate higher returns [pp. 384 Table 12.2, U.S. university endowment size vs. real annual rate of return]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2928, "question": "condensed study texts where created in what tradition?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Race (human categorization)", "paragraph_text": "The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducing physical anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept: from 1932 to 1976, only seven out of thirty-two rejected race; from 1975 to 1984, thirteen out of thirty-three rejected race; from 1985 to 1993, thirteen out of nineteen rejected race. According to one academic journal entry, where 78 percent of the articles in the 1931 Journal of Physical Anthropology employed these or nearly synonymous terms reflecting a bio-race paradigm, only 36 percent did so in 1965, and just 28 percent did in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "What Was Lost", "paragraph_text": "\"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "From 1840 there was considerable European settlement, primarily from England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland; and to a lesser extent the United States, India, China, and various parts of continental Europe, including the province of Dalmatia in what is now Croatia, and Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic. Already a majority of the population by 1859, the number of Pākehā settlers increased rapidly to reach over one million by 1916.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners. This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approvals), suburban (51.2% approvals), and isolated cities (51.3% approvals) of Switzerland as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in the canton of Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) of Switzerland rather rejected it. Some news commentators claim that this proposal de facto contradicts the bilateral agreements on the free movement of persons from these respective countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as in the early texts, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "A History of God", "paragraph_text": "A History of God is a book by Karen Armstrong. It details the history of the three major monotheistic traditions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, along with Buddhism and Hinduism. The evolution of the idea of God is traced from its ancient roots in the Middle East up to the present day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Good People in Times of Evil", "paragraph_text": "Good People in Times of Evil is the fifth collaborative live album by bassist Jonas Hellborg and guitarist Shawn Lane, released on 10 November 2000 through Bardo Records. For this line-up they are joined by percussionist V. Selvaganesh, and as such it is the first album by Hellborg and Lane to incorporate Indian music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pháp Hiền", "paragraph_text": "Pháp Hiền (died 626) was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk notable in the early history of Buddhism in Vietnam, Vietnamese Thiền or Chinese Chán Zen Buddhism in Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh, writes that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates essentially ended with Jiajing's reign while Ming influence in the Amdo region was supplanted by the Mongols.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Buddhism in Senegal", "paragraph_text": "In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: ``Nam mô A Di Đà Phật ''(Mean:`` Glory to Buddha Amitabha'') as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan \"bardo\") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "The method of self-exertion or \"self-power\"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific \"other-power\" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2796, "question": "Which major part of Buddhism rejects bardo?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Everything Has Changed", "paragraph_text": "``Everything Has Changed ''is a song written and performed by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and English singer - songwriter Ed Sheeran, taken from Swift's fourth studio album, Red (2012). Produced by Butch Walker, the track was released as the sixth single from the album on July 16, 2013.`` Everything Has Changed'' is a guitar ballad combining folk and pop genres about ``wanting to get to know a new lover better ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover", "paragraph_text": "``50 Ways to Leave Your Lover ''is a song by the American singer - songwriter Paul Simon featuring Peter, Paul, and Mary. It was the second single from his fourth studio album, Still Crazy After All These Years (1975), released on Columbia Records. Backing vocals on the single were performed by Patti Austin, Valerie Simpson, and Phoebe Snow. The song features a recognizable repeated drum riff performed by drummer Steve Gadd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Street's Disciple", "paragraph_text": "Street's Disciple is the seventh studio album by American rapper Nas, released as a double album on November 30, 2004 by Columbia Records. Named after one of his lyrics from \"Live at the Barbeque\" by Main Source, the album's cover art was digitally created using photos of Nas to create an adaptation of \"The Last Supper\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "16 de Septiembre", "paragraph_text": "16 de Septiembre is a studio album released by American performer Little Joe and his band La Familia, named after the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. It was released in 1991 by Sony Music Entertainment. The album peaked at number 14 in the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart and earned Little Joe the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Performance at the 34th Grammy Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_text": "Hawthorne Heights is an American rock band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2001. Their lineup currently consists of JT Woodruff (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Matt Ridenour (bass guitar, backing vocals), Mark McMillon (lead guitar, unclean backing vocals), and Chris Popadak (drums, percussion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Say You Love Me (album)", "paragraph_text": "Say You Love Me is the second studio album by American singer Jennifer Holliday released on vinyl and cassette. It was released by Geffen Records. In 1985, two singles were released from the album. The singles were \"Hard Time for Lovers\" and \"No Frills Love\". Michael Jackson co-wrote and produced the album's opener \"You're The One.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me", "paragraph_text": "``(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me ''is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles`` Fake'', ``Criticize '',`` Never Knew Love Like This'', and ``The Lovers '',`` (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me'' was released as the album's fifth single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "You Give Love a Bad Name", "paragraph_text": "``You Give Love a Bad Name ''is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album Slippery When Wet. Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on American Idol. In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with`` Shot Through the Heart'', an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self - titled debut album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Back at One (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Back at One ''is a song written and performed by American recording artist Brian McKnight, taken from his fifth studio album of the same name. The album was released in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Unbehagen", "paragraph_text": "Unbehagen is the second studio album by Nina Hagen Band released in 1979 by CBS Records. It is the last album released by the band, before Nina Hagen decided to pursue a solo career. The band kept on performing under the name Spliff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "A Street Called Straight", "paragraph_text": "A Street Called Straight is a 1976 album by Roy Buchanan and was released on the Atlantic Records label. The album contains the powerful instrumental, \"My Friend, Jeff\", in honour of British guitarist Jeff Beck. Later the same year Beck released his own album \"Blow by Blow\", featuring \"Cause We've Ended As Lovers\", which in turn was dedicated to Roy Buchanan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover", "paragraph_text": "``50 Ways to Leave Your Lover ''is a song by the American singer - songwriter Paul Simon. It was the second single from his fourth studio album, Still Crazy After All These Years (1975), released on Columbia Records. Backing vocals on the single were performed by Patti Austin, Valerie Simpson, and Phoebe Snow. The song features a recognizable repeated drum riff performed by drummer Steve Gadd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Born Again Revisited", "paragraph_text": "Born Again Revisited is the fourth album by Columbus, Ohio based trio Times New Viking, and their second release for Matador Records. The track 'No Time, No Hope' was released as a teaser download by Matador in advance of the album's release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jakki tha Motamouth", "paragraph_text": "Jakki Rubin, better known by his stage name Jakki tha Motamouth, is an American rapper from Columbus, Ohio. He is a member of MHz Legacy. He was part of the group The Weathermen. Originally released in 2004, his first solo album, \"God vs. Satan\", was re-released in 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "District of Ohio", "paragraph_text": "The District of Ohio was a federal judicial district of the United States created by the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 which consisted of the Northwest and Indiana territories. It marks an early use of the term \"Ohio\" for an area of land as opposed to the long-named Ohio River before the establishment of a state of that name, but otherwise was of little long-term consequence, as the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed the next year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Send Me a Lover", "paragraph_text": "\"Send Me a Lover\" is a single performed by Taylor Dayne, written by Rick Hahn and George Thatcher, and released on September 6, 1993 from her \"Soul Dancing\" album (July 12, 1993). In the United States, it peaked at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 19 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks. In Canada, \"Send Me a Lover\" reached number 24 on the Top Singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dean Martin Sings", "paragraph_text": "Dean Martin Sings is the first studio album by Italian-American singer Dean Martin, released in 1953. It is the first long-play 10-inch album recorded by Martin for Capitol Records during two sessions recorded on the evening of November 20, 1952. The first session was recorded between 5 and 8 PM and it produced five songs featuring string arrangements. \"There's My Lover\" was recorded but not released. After a 90-minute break, Martin was joined by a brass arrangement to record the remaining four songs. Seven of the eight songs on this album appeared in the Martin & Lewis film, \"The Stooge\". Two years later, the songs from this 10-inch album would be combined with four newly popular songs recorded between 1951 and 1953 to create a full-length 12-inch album. The 2005 Collectors' Choice reissue added four bonus songs recorded between 1949 and 1953 and was released with alternative cover artwork.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chuckii", "paragraph_text": "Chuckii is the debut album by the Los Angeles, California-based R&B/soul singer/musician/producer Chuckii Booker. Booker performed all of the vocals and instrumentation on the album, with the exception of the album's biggest hit, \"Turned Away,\" which featured backing vocals from co-writer Donnell Spencer, Jr., and \"Oh Lover,\" which features Gerald Albright on saxophone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bad to the Bone", "paragraph_text": "``Bad to the Bone ''is a song by George Thorogood and the Destroyers released in 1982 on the album of the same name. While it was not widely popular during its initial release, its video made recurrent appearances on the nascent MTV, created a year before. Licensing for films, television, and commercials has since made the song more popular.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ohio Is for Lovers", "paragraph_text": "\"Ohio Is for Lovers\" (also known as simply \"Ohio\") is a song by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. It was released as the debut single in 2004 from their debut full-length studio album, \"The Silence in Black and White\". It was produced by Jay Orpin. According to lead vocalist JT Woodruff, the song is about going on tour whilst leaving their girlfriends behind in Ohio. The song is frequently considered the band's signature song and has been jokingly referred to as \"The Emo Anthem\" for its lyrical content. It peaked at #34 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs Chart. When the music video for the song began getting airplay on MTV, it gave the band widespread popularity, resulting in \"The Silence in Black and White\" being certified gold in the United States.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 142444, "question": "What is the name of the performer that released the album Ohio Is for Lovers?", "answer": "Hawthorne Heights", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 126727, "question": "In what year was #1 created?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dave Collins", "paragraph_text": "Collins is one of three players to have made it to the major leagues who played for the Rapid City Post 22 American Legion baseball program in Rapid City, South Dakota. The other two are Kelvin Torve and Mark Ellis. All three were graduates of Stevens High School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Woonsocket, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Woonsocket is a city in Sanborn County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 655 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sanborn County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "SoDak Con", "paragraph_text": "SoDak Con formerly called SoDak Anime Convention, is an annual three-day anime convention held during May/June at the Rushmore Plaza Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The name of the convention comes from the state that the convention is located in, South Dakota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ludlow, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Ludlow is an unincorporated rural hamlet in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is located on Federal Highway 85 about 12 miles north of Buffalo, the Harding County seat, and 6 miles south of the North Dakota border. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Ludlow has been assigned the ZIP code of 57755.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Highmore, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Highmore is a city in Hyde County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 795 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hyde County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rapid City, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Rapid City (Lakota: Mni Lúzahaŋ Otȟúŋwahe; ``Swift Water City '') is the second most populous city in South Dakota and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek, on which the city is established, it is set against the eastern slope of the Black Hills mountain range. The population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Mortvedt", "paragraph_text": "Born and raised on a Dell Rapids, South Dakota, farm to Ernest and Clara Mortvedt, John Mortvedt earned a bachelor's degree in agronomy from South Dakota State University in 1953. After a brief return to the farm, Mortvedt was a pilot for a US Army aviation unit stationed in Colorado, between World War II and the Korean War. He married Marlene Fodness in Rapid City, South Dakota, on January 23, 1955. Mortvedt studied for a master's degree in soil science from SDSU and graduated in 1959, continuing for his Ph.D. in soil chemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1962. Mortvedt wrote his thesis on “the effect of manganese and copper on the growth of \"Streptomyces scabies\" and the incidence of potato scab.”", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Custer, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Custer is a city in Custer County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,987 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Custer County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Faulkton, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Faulkton is a city in and the county seat of Faulk County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 736 at the 2010 census. The city's nickname is \"The Carousel City\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ryan Bolton", "paragraph_text": "Ryan Bolton (born March 26, 1973 in Rapid City, South Dakota) is an athlete from the United States. He competed in cross country, swimming and track for Campbell County High School in Gillette, Wyoming. He ran cross country and track for the University of Wyoming. He now competes in triathlon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tatanka Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "The 180 MW Tatanka Wind Farm, is located in Dickey County and McIntosh County, North Dakota, and McPherson County, South Dakota. It is the largest wind farm in North and South Dakota and generates enough renewable energy to power more than 60,000 U.S. homes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "De Smet, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "De Smet is a city in and the county seat of Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,089 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alcester, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Alcester is a city in Union County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Sioux City, IA–NE–SD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 807 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of people from Rapid City, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of people who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Rapid City, South Dakota, and its surrounding metropolitan area, including Meade County, South Dakota, and Pennington County, South Dakota.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Black Hills Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Black Hills Corporation is a Rapid City, South Dakota diversified energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming and sells power throughout the American West.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Wessington Springs, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Wessington Springs is a city in Jerauld County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 956 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jerauld County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Armour, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Armour is a city in and the county seat of Douglas County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 699 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "KLMP", "paragraph_text": "KLMP (88.3 FM), known as \"The Light\", is a radio station in Rapid City, South Dakota airing a Christian Talk format.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 77286, "question": "what county is rapid city south dakota in", "answer": "Pennington County", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 493731, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Meade County", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Zebra Puzzle", "paragraph_text": "Assuming that one person drinks water and one owns a zebra, then it is possible not only to deduce the answers to the two questions, but to figure out a complete solution of who lives where, in what color house, keeping what pet, drinking what drink, and smoking what brand of cigarettes. By considering the clues a few at a time, it is possible to slowly build inferences that incrementally complete the puzzle's unique correct solution. For example, by clue 10, the Norwegian lives in house # 1, and by clue 15, house # 2 must be blue. The Norwegian's house therefore can not be blue, nor can it be red, where the Englishman lives (clue 2), or green or ivory, which are next to each other (clue 6). It must therefore be yellow, which means the Norwegian also smokes Kools (clue 8).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan \"bardo\") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as in the early texts, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "A Night at the Roxbury", "paragraph_text": "A Night at the Roxbury is a 1998 American comedy film based on a recurring sketch on television's long-running \"Saturday Night Live\" called \"The Roxbury Guys\". \"Saturday Night Live\" regulars Will Ferrell, Chris Kattan, Molly Shannon, Mark McKinney and Colin Quinn star. This film expands on the original \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches where the Roxbury Guys were joined by that week's host, and bobbed their heads to Haddaway's hit song \"What Is Love\" while being comically rejected by women at various clubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Idealism", "paragraph_text": "A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of \"mutual recognition.\" However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Separation of powers", "paragraph_text": "Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Harvest of Shame", "paragraph_text": "Harvest of Shame was a 1960 television documentary presented by broadcast journalist Edward R. Murrow on CBS that showed the plight of American migrant agricultural workers. It was Murrow's final documentary for the network; he left CBS at the end of January 1961, at John F. Kennedy's request, to become head of the United States Information Agency. An investigative report intended \"to shock Americans into action,\" it was \"the first time millions of Americans were given a close look at what it means to live in poverty\" by their televisions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts common to both major Buddhist branches:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "House of Nassau-Weilburg", "paragraph_text": "The House of Nassau-Weilburg, a branch of the House of Nassau, ruled a division of the County of Nassau, which was a state in what is now Germany, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1344 to 1806.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "What Was Lost", "paragraph_text": "\"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buddhism in Senegal", "paragraph_text": "In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: ``Nam mô A Di Đà Phật ''(Mean:`` Glory to Buddha Amitabha'') as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2795, "question": "What branch of Buddhism rejects that there is a transitional state between lives?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Point Blank Records", "paragraph_text": "Point Blank Records was founded in 1988 by John Wooler. Wooler served as Deputy Head of A&R at Virgin Records UK from 1984 to 1994 and Senior Vice President of Virgin Records US from 1994 to 2002. He had a passion for blues, Americana and soul. His manager, Simon Draper, granted him a small budget to create the label. The first act signed to the record label was Larry McCray followed by Albert Collins and The Kinsey Report. Artists such as John Lee Hooker, Solomon Burke, Pops Staples, John Hammond, Walter \"Wolfman\" Washington, Van Morrison, and Johnny Winter were later signed to the label as well. Wooler signed all the musicians on the label and produced many of them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Black Pearls", "paragraph_text": "Black Pearls is an album credited to jazz musician John Coltrane, released in 1964 on Prestige Records, catalogue 7316. It is assembled from the results of a single recording session at the studio of Rudy Van Gelder in Hackensack, New Jersey. As Coltrane's fame grew during the 1960s long after he had stopped recording for the label, Prestige used unissued recordings to create new marketable albums without Coltrane's input or approval.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Garpax Records", "paragraph_text": "Garpax Records was an American record label, established by Gary S. Paxton, which first issued the song \"Monster Mash\" by Bobby \"Boris\" Pickett in 1962. It was distributed by London Records. The label lasted from 1962 to 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Cancer Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Cancer Empire is the second major label release by Swedish metal band Zonaria and the first to be released on their new label, Century Media Records. It was recorded at Studio Fredman with Fredrik Nordström. Commented singer Simon Berglund:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cari Lekebusch", "paragraph_text": "Cari Lekebusch (born 1972) is a Swedish electronic music producer and DJ based in Stockholm. His productions range from techno to hip hop. He owns a record label, H. Productions, founded and managed by himself. The original name of the record label was Hybrid productions, but a legal twist in 1998 with the Japanese label Avex Trax's British group Hybrid forced Lekebusch to change his record label name to its present name. His studio is called HP HQ (Hybrid production Headquarters).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States Code", "paragraph_text": "Both the LRC and the GPO offer electronic versions of the Code to the public. The LRC electronic version used to be as much as 18 months behind current legislation, but as of 2014 it is one of the most current versions available online. The United States Code is available from the LRC at uscode.house.gov in both HTML and XML bulk formats. The ``United States Legislative Markup ''(USLM) schema of the XML was designed to be consistent with the Akoma Ntoso project (from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) XML schema, and the OASIS LegalDocML technical committee standard will be based upon Akoma Ntoso.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Standard Coltrane", "paragraph_text": "Standard Coltrane is an album credited to jazz musician John Coltrane, released in 1962 on Prestige Records, catalogue 7243. It is assembled from unissued results of a single recording session at the studio of Rudy Van Gelder in Hackensack, New Jersey, in 1958. As Coltrane's fame grew during the 1960s long after he had stopped recording for the label, Prestige used unissued recordings to create new marketable albums without Coltrane's input or approval.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Illegal Records", "paragraph_text": "Illegal Records was an independent record label, founded by Miles Copeland III with his younger brother Stewart Copeland and the manager of The Police, Paul Mulligan in 1977. The label released The Police's debut single, \"Fall Out\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dynasty (band)", "paragraph_text": "Dynasty was an American band, based in Los Angeles, California, created by producer and SOLAR Records label head Dick Griffey, and record producer Leon Sylvers III. The band was known for their dance/pop numbers during the late 1970s and 1980s. Keyboardist Kevin Spencer and vocalists Nidra Beard and Linda Carriere originally comprised the group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Moutiers-sous-Argenton", "paragraph_text": "Moutiers-sous-Argenton is a former commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Argentonnay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Springman Records", "paragraph_text": "Springman Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Avi Ehrlich that was run out of his parents' garage in Cupertino, California, until late 2005, when Ehrlich moved the label to Sacramento. The label's official slogan is \"Friendly Punks\" though many other styles of music appear on the label, such as indie rock, rockabilly, ska, folk music, pop punk, and hardcore.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sou Hrostao Akoma Ena Klama", "paragraph_text": "Sou Hrostao Akoma Ena Klama (Greek: \"Σου Χρωστάω Ακόμα Ένα Κλάμα\"; English: \"I owe you one more cry\") is the title of the twelfth studio album by the popular Greek artist Peggy Zina, released on 4 October 2012 by Minos EMI in Greece and Cyprus.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Restaurant management", "paragraph_text": "The Chef de Cuisine (or Executive Sous Chef) manages the kitchen staff working in the kitchen and creates the menus in absence of the Executive Chef.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "I Kardia Sou Petra", "paragraph_text": "\"I Kardia Sou Petra\" (Greek: Η Καρδιά Σου Πέτρα; ) is a song recorded by Greek pop singer Elena Paparizou. It is the second single from \"Vrisko To Logo Na Zo\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sou de Qualquer Lugar", "paragraph_text": "Sou de Qualquer Lugar () is the sixth studio album by Brazilian singer Daniela Mercury, released on November 20, 2001 on RCA Records. After the success of the previous record, \"Sol da Liberdade\" (2000), which one she experimented electronic genres, she decided to following the experience with new sounds, like pop and dance, but also new genres that were winning space at the time, like the forró.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Peggy Zina (album)", "paragraph_text": "Peggy Zina (Greek: Πέγκυ Ζήνα) is the first album by popular Greek artist Peggy Zina, released in October 1995 by BMG Greece. The album includes her first hit which created controversy with the title: \"An Pas Me Alli Tha Sou Spaso To Kefali\" (If You Go with Another Woman I Will Break Your Head).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Filmworks 1986–1990", "paragraph_text": "Filmworks 1986–1990 features the first released film scores of John Zorn. The album was originally released on the Japanese labels Wave and Eva in 1990, on the Nonesuch Records label in 1992, and subsequently re-released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 1997 after being out of print for several years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "LightScribe", "paragraph_text": "LightScribe is an optical disc recording technology that was created by the Hewlett-Packard Company. It uses specially coated recordable CD and DVD media to produce laser-etched labels with text or graphics, as opposed to stick-on labels and printable discs. Although HP is no longer developing the technology, it is still maintained and supported by a number of independent enthusiasts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sire Records", "paragraph_text": "Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Records (formerly called Warner Bros. Records).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dead and Divine", "paragraph_text": "Dead and Divine was a five-piece post-hardcore band out of Burlington, Ontario, Canada. Their initial success spawned from their 2005 EP \"What Really Happened At Lover's Lane\" on Verona Records (a label created by the band themselves, and Silverstein's Shane Told).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 143056, "question": "Who created Sou Hrostao Akoma Ena Klama?", "answer": "Peggy Zina", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 552124, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "BMG", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Rydal Bank Church", "paragraph_text": "The former Rydal Bank Church, also known as the Rydal Bank Presbyterian Church and the Rydal Bank United Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 1634 Highway 638, in Rydal Bank in the township of Plummer Additional, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1908, its wooden frame exterior, corner entry-bell tower, steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches. It was built to serve a Presbyterian congregation which joined the United Church of Canada in 1925 when that new denomination was formed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterian Mission School, Hamren", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Mission School, Hamren is a school located in Hamren, West Karbi Anglong district of Assam state, India. It is one of the schools under taken by the Synod Mission Board, Mizoram Synod. The Mizoram Synod is one of the units of the Presbyterian Church of India, which has its headquarters in Shillong, Meghalaya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lawngtlai district", "paragraph_text": "Lawngtlai district is one of the eight districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on the north by Lunglei district, on the west by Bangladesh, on the south by Myanmar and on the east by Saiha district. The district occupies an area of 2557.10 km². Lawngtlai town is the administrative headquarters of the district.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Assemblies of God USA", "paragraph_text": "The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially the General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States founded in 1914 during a meeting of Pentecostal ministers at Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. With a constituency of over 3 million, the Assemblies of God was the ninth largest denomination in the United States in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed \"Presbyterian\" worship style. Although there are set services for the \"Lord's Day\", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lorain City School District", "paragraph_text": "The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131511, "question": "Which state is Lawngtlai district located?", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "I Wonder (Kellie Pickler song)", "paragraph_text": "\"I Wonder\" is a song written by Chris Lindsey, Aimee Mayo, Karyn Rochelle, and co-written and recorded by American country artist Kellie Pickler. It was released as the second single from her debut album \"Small Town Girl\" (2006), on February 5, 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ena Hadi", "paragraph_text": "Ena Hadi (Greek: Ένα χάδι; ) is the title of the third studio album by the popular Greek artist Peggy Zina, released in 2001 by Nitro Music.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "I Feel Lucky", "paragraph_text": "\"I Feel Lucky\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in May 1992 as the first single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The Chipettes recorded a cover of this song for the 1992 album \"Chipmunks in Low Places\". It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Oh Woman, Oh Why", "paragraph_text": "\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is a song written by English musician Paul McCartney, first released on the Apple Records label in February 1971 as the B-side to McCartney's debut single as a solo artist, \"Another Day\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "In My Next Life", "paragraph_text": "\"In My Next Life\" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Terri Clark. It was released in October 2007 as the second single from her unreleased album \"My Next Life\". The song was written by Clark, Tom Shapiro and Jim Collins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "VHF Records", "paragraph_text": "VHF Records is an American record label, known for their extensive work with several major experimental artists. The label is based in the Washington, DC suburb of Fairfax, Va., and it initially focused on indie and experimental bands from that region. The label has since branched out to release innovative and offbeat music from around the world, although Northern Virginia artists are still prominently featured in the catalog.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me", "paragraph_text": "\"'Are You Ever Gonna Love Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. It was released in May 1989 as the first single from the album \"The Blue Rose of Texas\". Written by Dunn, along with Tom Shapiro and her brother Chris Waters, the song was her first single released by Warner Bros. Records, to which she signed after her previous label, MTM Records, was disestablished.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Grace (Miss Kittin song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Grace\" is a song by French recording artist Miss Kittin. It is the second and final single from her fourth studio album \"BatBox\" (2008). Co-written and produced by Pascal Gabriel, it is composed as an electropop love song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Livin' Our Love Song", "paragraph_text": "\"Livin' Our Love Song\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in April 2007 as the second single from his album \"Waitin' in the Country\". Carroll co-wrote the song with Glen Mitchell and Tim Galloway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Night Wave", "paragraph_text": "Night Wave is the second studio album by Los Angeles based Electrohop group Hyper Crush. The album was released on the iTunes Store on February 7, 2012. The album was released on Hyper Crush's label Night Wave Records after leaving their previous label Universal Motown because they \"really didn’t see eye to eye with them for a long time.\" The album consists of 11 songs, 4 of which were previously released as singles. Save for three of the songs which were co-written and co-produced, the entire album was written and produced by Hyper Crush.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Peggy Zina (album)", "paragraph_text": "Peggy Zina (Greek: Πέγκυ Ζήνα) is the first album by popular Greek artist Peggy Zina, released in October 1995 by BMG Greece. The album includes her first hit which created controversy with the title: \"An Pas Me Alli Tha Sou Spaso To Kefali\" (If You Go with Another Woman I Will Break Your Head).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Weston Burt", "paragraph_text": "Weston Burt (born in Fort Payne, Alabama) is an American country music singer. Burt is the flagship artist for HitShop Records, a record label distributed by Warner Music Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tempted (Marty Stuart song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Tempted\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Stuart. It was released in August 1991 as the third single and title track from the album \"Tempted\". The reached #5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Stuart and Paul Kennerley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hey! Baby", "paragraph_text": "``Hey! Baby ''is a song written by Margaret Cobb and Bruce Channel, and recorded by Channel in 1961, first released on LeCam Records, a local Fort Worth, Texas label. After it hit, it was released on Smash Records for national distribution. He co-produced the song with Major Bill Smith (owner of LeCam) and released it on Mercury Records' Smash label. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, starting the week ending March 10, 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "That's Just Jessie", "paragraph_text": "\"That's Just Jessie\" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Kevin Denney. It was released in December 2001 as the first single from his debut album \"Kevin Denney\". The song was written by Denney, Kerry Kurt Phillips and Patrick Jason Matthews.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Walkin' After Midnight", "paragraph_text": "\"Walkin' After Midnight\" is a song written by Alan Block and Donn Hecht and recorded by American country music artist Patsy Cline. The song was originally given to pop singer Kay Starr; however, her label rejected it. The song was left unused until Hecht rediscovered it when writing for Four Star Records. Originally Cline was not fond of \"Walkin' After Midnight\", but after making a compromise with her label she recorded it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "You Should Be Here (Cole Swindell song)", "paragraph_text": "``You Should Be Here ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Cole Swindell. The song was released to radio on December 14, 2015 as the lead single to his second studio album of the same name (2016). The song, written by Swindell and Ashley Gorley, is a tribute to Swindell's father who died unexpectedly while Swindell was out on tour after signing his record deal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Runnin' with the Wind", "paragraph_text": "\"Runnin' with the Wind\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in April 1990 as the second single from the album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 8 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Rabbitt and Reed Nielsen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Spilled Perfume", "paragraph_text": "\"Spilled Perfume\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in March 1994 as the lead single from her album \"Sweetheart's Dance\". The song was written by Tillis and Dean Dillon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nick Records", "paragraph_text": "Nick Records (also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music) is the record label for the children's television channel Nickelodeon. The label featured new and emerging young musical artists, \"triple threat\" singers who would also act and dance on the network's series, and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142587, "question": "Which artist is Ena Hadi co-written and recorded by?", "answer": "Peggy Zina", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 552124, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "BMG", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gabon", "paragraph_text": "Abundant petroleum and foreign private investment have helped make Gabon one of the most prosperous countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the 7th highest HDI and the fourth highest GDP per capita (PPP) (after Mauritius, Equatorial Guinea and Seychelles) in the region. GDP grew by more than 6% per year from 2010 to 2012. However, because of inequality in income distribution, a significant proportion of the population remains poor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Classical music", "paragraph_text": "In 1996–1997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA. The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores. The research further indicated that students who listened to the music prior to an examination also had positively elevated achievement scores. Students who listened to rock-and-roll or country had moderately lower scores. The study further indicated that students who used classical during the course of study had a significant leap in their academic performance; whereas, those who listened to other types of music had significantly lowered academic scores. The research was conducted over several schools within the Cherry Creek School District and was conducted through University of Colorado. This study is reflective of several recent studies (i.e. Mike Manthei and Steve N. Kelly of the University of Nebraska at Omaha; Donald A. Hodges and Debra S. O'Connell of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; etc.) and others who had significant results through the discourse of their work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, and Economic Community of West African States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Coup (Updike novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Coup is a 1978 novel by American author John Updike. It is a black comedy narrated by the former leader of a fictional Islamic country in Sub-Saharan Africa with a vehement hatred of all things American.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Political corruption", "paragraph_text": "Recent research supports Jefferson's claim. Brunetti and Weder found \"evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries.\" They also presented \"evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption.\" Adserà, Boix, and Payne found that increases in newspaper readership led to increased political accountability and lower corruption in data from roughly 100 countries and from different states in the US.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Multiracial Americans", "paragraph_text": "Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. As slavery became a racial caste, those who were enslaved and others of any African ancestry were classified by what is termed \"hypodescent\" according to the lower status ethnic group. Many of majority European ancestry and appearance \"married white\" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hunter-gatherer", "paragraph_text": "As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property", "paragraph_text": "1985 – Regional Programmes were launched with the PREMA programme (PREvention of Museums in Africa), a long-term incentive to train sub-Saharan African professionals in preventive conservation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Political corruption", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers estimated that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 Sub-Saharan countries totaled $187bn, exceeding those nations' external debts. (The results, expressed in retarded or suppressed development, have been modeled in theory by economist Mancur Olson.) In the case of Africa, one of the factors for this behavior was political instability, and the fact that new governments often confiscated previous government's corruptly obtained assets. This encouraged officials to stash their wealth abroad, out of reach of any future expropriation. In contrast, Asian administrations such as Suharto's New Order often took a cut on business transactions or provided conditions for development, through infrastructure investment, law and order, etc.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Population growth", "paragraph_text": "The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in poverty - stricken countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kate Carroll", "paragraph_text": "Carroll received a B.A. in Chemistry from Mills College in 1996 and her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Stanford University in 2003, studying with Suzanne Pfeffer. Her graduate research involved studying protein regulation of genes such as Rab9. She completed postdoctoral studies with Carolyn Bertozzi in 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Josef Bolf", "paragraph_text": "Josef Bolf (born October 7, 1971 in Prague) is a Czech painter. He studied at the Academy between 1990–1998. In 1995 he studied at Kongsthögskolan (Stockholm) and in 1996 at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Stuttgart. From 1996 to 2002 he was a member of the art group \"Bezhlavý jezdec\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Geography of Liberia", "paragraph_text": "Liberia is a Sub-Saharan nation in West Africa located at 6 ° N, 9 ° W. It borders the north Atlantic Ocean to the southwest (580 kilometres (360 mi) of coastline) and three other African nations on the other three sides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Wakanda", "paragraph_text": "Wakanda (/ wəˈkændə /) is a fictional Sub-Saharan African nation appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the most prominent of several native African nations and home to the superhero Black Panther. Wakanda first appeared in Fantastic Four # 52 (July 1966), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Famine", "paragraph_text": "Some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, continue to have extreme cases of famine. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world. As of 2017, the United Nations has warned some 20 million are at risk in South Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria and Yemen. Agricultural conditions have been fluctuating more and more due to variations in weather, and the distribution of food has been affected by conflict. Most programmes now direct their aid towards Africa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "S. Narasinga Rao", "paragraph_text": "S. Narasinga Rao (born 1938 in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India) is an American academic and former Dean of Jackson College of Graduate Studies and Research at the University of Central Oklahoma (1996–2006).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bantu Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "Bantu Philosophy (\"La philosophie bantoue\" in French) is a 1945 book written by Placide Tempels which argues that the people of Sub-Saharan Africa (the use of the term \"Bantu\" as an ethnic label is now largely discredited) have a distinctive philosophy, and attempts to describe the underpinnings of that philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services", "paragraph_text": "University of Massachusetts Transportation Services, abbreviated to UMass Transit Services or UMass Transit, is a department within the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) that provides mass transit services to the UMass Amherst campus and other members of the Five Colleges Consortium in eastern Hampshire County, as well as outlying towns. Similar to other large campus transportation systems, such as UGA Campus Transit in Georgia and Unitrans in California, UMass Transit buses are driven by students attending UMass Amherst.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 8362, "question": "Which researchers studied corruption from Sub-Saharan countries from 1970 to 1996?", "answer": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 490927, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Five Colleges", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom", "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Christian", "paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed \"Presbyterian\" worship style. Although there are set services for the \"Lord's Day\", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rydal Bank Church", "paragraph_text": "The former Rydal Bank Church, also known as the Rydal Bank Presbyterian Church and the Rydal Bank United Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 1634 Highway 638, in Rydal Bank in the township of Plummer Additional, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1908, its wooden frame exterior, corner entry-bell tower, steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches. It was built to serve a Presbyterian congregation which joined the United Church of Canada in 1925 when that new denomination was formed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lalrin Fela", "paragraph_text": "Lalrin Fela (born 24 September 1990 in Mizoram) is an Indian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Green Valley F.C..", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pentecostal Church in Indonesia", "paragraph_text": "Pentecostal Church in Indonesia (Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia, GPdI) is a Pentecostal denomination of Indonesia. It was founded in 1921 and claims a seven-digit-membership. It used to bear the name \"Vereeniging De Pinkstergemeente in Nederlandsch Oost Indie\". It is one of the largest Pentecostal denominations in Indonesia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In England, Presbyterianism was established in secret in 1592. Thomas Cartwright is thought to be the first Presbyterian in England. Cartwright's controversial lectures at Cambridge University condemning the episcopal hierarchy of the Elizabethan Church led to his deprivation of his post by Archbishop John Whitgift and his emigration abroad. Between 1645 and 1648, a series of ordinances of the Long Parliament established Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England. Presbyterian government was established in London and Lancashire and in a few other places in England, although Presbyterian hostility to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth of England meant that Parliament never enforced the Presbyterian system in England. The re-establishment of the monarchy in 1660 brought the return of Episcopal church government in England (and in Scotland for a short time); but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity, outside of the established church. In 1719 a major split, the Salter's Hall controversy, occurred; with the majority siding with nontrinitarian views. Thomas Bradbury published several sermons bearing on the controversy, and in 1719, \"An answer to the reproaches cast on the dissenting ministers who subscribed their belief of the Eternal Trinity.\". By the 18th century many English Presbyterian congregations had become Unitarian in doctrine.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 167296, "question": "Lalrin Fela >> place of birth", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vairengte", "paragraph_text": "Vairengte is a town in the Kolasib district of Mizoram state, India. It is located about 130 km from the state capital Aizawl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Libya", "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Desnianskyi District, Kiev", "paragraph_text": "Desnianskyi District () is an administrative raion (district or borough) of the city of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River and is the most populous district of Kiev. It is also the second largest district with the total area of ca. 14.8 ha.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Northeast India", "paragraph_text": "State Historic Name Capital (s) Statehood Arunachal Pradesh North - East Frontier Agency Itanagar 1987 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1971) Assam Pragjyotisha, Kamarupa Shillong (till 1969), Dispur 1947 Manipur Kangleipak Imphal 1971 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1956) Meghalaya Khasi hills, Jaintia hills and Garo hills Shillong 1971 Mizoram Lushai hills Aizawl 1987 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1971) Nagaland Naga hills Kohima 1963 Sikkim Sukhim Gangtok Tripura Tipperah Agartala 1971 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1956)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Assemblies of God USA", "paragraph_text": "The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially the General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States founded in 1914 during a meeting of Pentecostal ministers at Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. With a constituency of over 3 million, the Assemblies of God was the ninth largest denomination in the United States in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ngopa", "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mizoram", "paragraph_text": "About 95% of the current population is of diverse tribal origins who settled in the state, mostly from Southeast Asia, over waves of migration starting about the 16th century but mainly in the 18th century. This is the highest concentration of tribal people among all states of India, and they are currently protected under Indian constitution as a Scheduled Tribe. Mizoram is one of three states of India with a Christian majority (87%). Its people belong to various denominations, mostly Presbyterian in the north and Baptists in the south.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 47817, "question": "aizawl is the capital of which north eastern state", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Laldenga", "paragraph_text": "Laldenga was a Mizo politician and the first Chief Minister of Mizoram state in northeast India from 1986 till 1988. He is the founder of the Mizo National Front.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rydal Bank Church", "paragraph_text": "The former Rydal Bank Church, also known as the Rydal Bank Presbyterian Church and the Rydal Bank United Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 1634 Highway 638, in Rydal Bank in the township of Plummer Additional, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1908, its wooden frame exterior, corner entry-bell tower, steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches. It was built to serve a Presbyterian congregation which joined the United Church of Canada in 1925 when that new denomination was formed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Christian", "paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed \"Presbyterian\" worship style. Although there are set services for the \"Lord's Day\", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom", "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "First Great Awakening", "paragraph_text": "Building on the foundations of older traditions -- Puritanism, pietism and Presbyterianism -- major leaders of the revival such as George Whitefield, John Wesley and Jonathan Edwards articulated a theology on revival and salvation that transcended denominational boundaries and helped create a common evangelical identity. Revivalists added to the doctrinal imperatives of Reformation Protestantism an emphasis on providential outpourings of the Holy Spirit. Extemporaneous preaching gave listeners a sense of deep personal conviction of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ and fostered introspection and commitment to a new standard of personal morality. Revival theology stressed that religious conversion was not only intellectual assent to correct Christian doctrine but had to be a ``new birth ''experienced in the heart. Revivalists also taught that receiving assurance of salvation was a normal expectation in the Christian life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Assemblies of God USA", "paragraph_text": "The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially the General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States founded in 1914 during a meeting of Pentecostal ministers at Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. With a constituency of over 3 million, the Assemblies of God was the ninth largest denomination in the United States in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pentecostal Church in Indonesia", "paragraph_text": "Pentecostal Church in Indonesia (Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia, GPdI) is a Pentecostal denomination of Indonesia. It was founded in 1921 and claims a seven-digit-membership. It used to bear the name \"Vereeniging De Pinkstergemeente in Nederlandsch Oost Indie\". It is one of the largest Pentecostal denominations in Indonesia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 771804, "question": "Pu Laldenga >> place of birth", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally \"own-nature\" or \"self-nature\"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are \"empty\" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "According to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma. These became the basis of the Tripitaka. However, this record was initially transmitted orally in form of chanting, and was committed to text in the last century BCE. Both the sūtras and the vinaya of every Buddhist school contain a wide variety of elements including discourses on the Dharma, commentaries on other teachings, cosmological and cosmogonical texts, stories of the Gautama Buddha's previous lives, and various other subjects.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Up Saw Liz", "paragraph_text": "\"Up Saw Liz\" is a song by Belgian singer Stromae, released in 2009 as a non-album single. In 2010, the song and a remix were featured on Stromae's second EP, called \"Mixture Elecstro\". The title, \"Up Saw Liz\" has no significant meaning. Stromae has stated in one of his YouTube videos that the concept of the song was to point out that when it comes to a song, people care more about the beat than the lyrics. He even states this in the song: \"De toute façon tu t'enfous de c'que j'dirais. Que je fasse mon refrain ou pas, que je le bosse ou que j'le bacle alors j'dirais n'importe quoi\", which in English means \"anyway you don't care about what I'd say. If I make a chorus or not, whether I work hard on it or mess it up, so I'd say nonsense\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Borobudur", "paragraph_text": "Borobudur is built as a single large stupa and, when viewed from above, takes the form of a giant tantric Buddhist mandala, simultaneously representing the Buddhist cosmology and the nature of mind. The original foundation is a square, approximately 118 metres (387 ft) on each side. It has nine platforms, of which the lower six are square and the upper three are circular. The upper platform features seventy-two small stupas surrounding one large central stupa. Each stupa is bell-shaped and pierced by numerous decorative openings. Statues of the Buddha sit inside the pierced enclosures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "John S. Strong", "paragraph_text": "John S. Strong is an American academic, who is the Charles A. Dana Professor at Bates College in the Department of Religious Studies. Strong specializes in Buddhist studies and with emphasis on the Buddha's biography, relics, and the legends and cults of South Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism.[page needed][note 32] According to Vetter, \"the Buddha at first sought \"the deathless\" (amata/amrta), which is concerned with the here and now. According to Vetter, only after this realization did he become acquainted with the doctrine of rebirth.\" Bronkhorst disagrees, and concludes that the Buddha \"introduced a concept of karma that differed considerably from the commonly held views of his time.\" According to Bronkhorst, not physical and mental activities as such were seen as responsible for rebirth, but intentions and desire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in \"The Buddha and His Dhamma\". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: \"Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century\", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots in other scriptures composed in the 1st century BCE. It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: \"But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different—in fact seemingly older—ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported.\" These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "The Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as \"world realm\", between the various schools of Buddhism.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "Swayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking \"refuge in the triple gem\" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Kissing Booth", "paragraph_text": "Elle goes to prom with Lee and his girlfriend Rachel and has a good time until a replica of their kissing booth is revealed. Noah comes out from behind the curtains to tell Elle that he loves her but she responds by saying that she can not keep on hurting the people she loves because of him and that no one wants them to be together. Noah agrees to this but then asks her what does she want. To this Elle does not seem to have an answer and she runs away sobbing. Rachel chases after her but she gets away before they can say anything.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Pataliputra", "paragraph_text": "Two important early Buddhist councils are recorded in early Buddhist texts as being held here, the First Buddhist council immediately following the death of the Buddha and the Second Buddhist council in the reign of Ashoka. Jain and Brahmanical sources identify Udayabhadra, son of Ajatashatru, as the king who first established Pataliputra as the capital of Magadha.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 2846, "question": "What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus", "paragraph_text": "Much of what is known of the first Temple of Jupiter is from later Roman tradition. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus vowed this temple while battling with the Sabines and, according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, began the terracing necessary to support the foundations of the temple. Modern coring on the Capitoline has confirmed the extensive work needed just to create a level building site. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Livy, the foundations and most of the superstructure of the temple were completed by Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last King of Rome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Geumtapsa", "paragraph_text": "Geumtapsa or Geumtap Temple (Heavenly-Lantern Mountain Golden-Pagoda Temple), a Korean Buddhist Temple, is located at the base of Cheondeungsan (mountain) in Podu-myeon (township), Goheung-gun (county), Jeollanam-do (province), South Korea. The temple is known for being a Bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun) refuge and is affiliated with the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Phil Nurse", "paragraph_text": "Phil Nurse (born 3 April 1963) is an English former Muay Thai kickboxer and an undefeated European Light Welterweight Champion, Double British Champion, and British All Styles Super Light Welterweight Champion. He is the owner and senior instructor at The Wat in Manhattan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Silsangsa", "paragraph_text": "Silsangsa Temple () is a temple of the Jogye Order located in Namwon, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. The temple is a branch temple of the Geumsan Temple in Iksan. Although the temple is legally situated in Namwon, it is also quite near the Hamyang county of South Gyeongsang Province. It is exceptional since this temple is in a field, as opposed to most Korean temples, which are located in mountainous areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Wat Ananda Metyarama Thai Buddhist Temple", "paragraph_text": "Wat Ananda Metyarama Thai Buddhist Temple is a Theravada Buddhist monastery and temple in Singapore. The monastery was originally set up by Venerable Luang Phor Hong Dhammaratano with his disciple Samanera Boonler. The temple is located at 50B Jalan Bukit Merah.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wat een geluk", "paragraph_text": "\"Wat een geluk\" (What luck) was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1960, performed in Dutch by Rudi Carrell. This was the first occasion on which the Dutch entry was performed by a male singer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej", "paragraph_text": "King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand died at the age of 88 on 13 October 2016, after a long illness. A year - long period of mourning was subsequently announced. A royal cremation ceremony took place over five days at the end of October 2017. The actual cremation, which was not broadcast on television, was held in the late evening of 26 October 2017. Following cremation his remains and ashes were taken to the Grand Palace and were enshrined at the Chakri Maha Phasat Throne Hall (royal remains), the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit and the Wat Bowonniwet Vihara Royal Temple (royal ashes). Following burial, the mourning period officially ended on midnight of 30 October 2017 and Thais have resumed wearing regular colours, while awaiting the future coronation of King Vajiralongkorn, which will be set at a later date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Shaolin Monastery", "paragraph_text": "The Shaolin Monastery (Chinese: 少林寺; pinyin: Shàolín sì), also known as the Shaolin Temple, is a Chan (``Zen '') Buddhist temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, China. Dating back 1,500 years when founded by Fang Lu - Hao, Shaolin Temple is the main temple of the Shaolin school of Buddhism to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wat een dag", "paragraph_text": "\"Wat een dag\" (\"What a day\") was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961, performed in Dutch by Greetje Kauffeld.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Watskeburt?!", "paragraph_text": "Watskeburt?! is a song by the Dutch hip hop group De Jeugd van Tegenwoordig. \"Watskeburt\" is a contraction of the Dutch sentence \"Wat is er gebeurd?\" (\"What happened?\", in the sense of \"What's happening?\"/\"What's up?\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tapsa", "paragraph_text": "Tapsa (Pagoda Temple) and the Stone Pagodas of Mount Mai is a small Korean Buddhist Temple complex found in the Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain) in Jinan County, North Jeolla Province, South Korea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Luohan quan", "paragraph_text": "Luohan quan (), which means \"Arhat fist\", is a general name for all the styles of Chinese martial arts that are named after the Arhats, the holy Buddhist figures. Luohan style is the oldest and the representative style of Shaolin kung fu, so that the name Luohan quan is sometimes considered an equal name for the whole vast system of Shaolin Temple martial arts. The original roots of Luohan style date back to the early eras of Shaolin temple. In Shaolin temple, there are various Luohan styles. Besides the Shaolin Luohan styles, there are many Luohan-related styles that have been developed in many other areas of China. Shaolin Luohan 18 hands and Luohan quan are always praised as the root styles based on which most the Shaolin kung fu styles and many other non-Shaolin styles have been created.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chiba-dera", "paragraph_text": ", also known as , is a Buddhist temple in the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The temple is located in the central Chūō District in the city of Chiba. Chiba-dera is one of many Buddhist temples in the region that, according to tradition, was established by the priest Gyōki (668–749). Chiba-dera is a temple of the Shingon Buzan Sect, and is temple number 29 in the Bandō Sanjūsankasho, or the circuit of 33 Buddhist temples in eastern Japan sacred to the Goddess Kannon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Prasat Kuh Nokor", "paragraph_text": "Prasat Kuh Nokor is a Buddhist temple in the village of Trodoc Poung, Pong Ror commune, in Baray District, in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia. It was built in 10th -11th century by the king Suryavarman I (1002-1050). It is part of the pagoda Wat Kuh Nokor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Wat Tham Khao Wong", "paragraph_text": "Wat Tham Khao Wong (วัดถ้ำเขาวง) is a Buddhist temple in tambon Ban Rai of the Ban Rai District of the province of Uthai Thani, Thailand, near the border with Suphan Buri Province. Built in 1987, it has a two-storey Thai-style convocation hall, and the area has been exquisitely landscaped.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Suvisuddharamaya", "paragraph_text": "The Sri Suvisuddharamaya Temple is a Buddhist temple which is located in the North-Western province, Manakkulama, in Sri Lanka. The website www.saddha.org has noted:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pattaya", "paragraph_text": "Wat Yanasangwararam Woramahawihan is a temple constructed in 1976 for Somdet Phra Yanasangwon, the present supreme patriarch. Within the temple compound are a replica of the Buddha's footprint, and a large chedi containing Buddha relics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Vat Yotkeo", "paragraph_text": "Vat Yotkeo was a temple in Laos which was built between during the rule of King Sai Setthathirat. It was destroyed in 1828 by the Thais, who burned and pillaged Vientiane following the defeat of the last king of the Vientiane dynasty of Lan Xang, Chao Anouvong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "303 Fear Faith Revenge", "paragraph_text": "303 Fear Faith Revenge (, ) is a 1998 Thai horror film starring Taya Rogers, Arthit Ryu, and Ananda Everingham. In this film, an investigation into a star student's suicide results in several students being stranded in their closed school where they are hunted and killed one-by-one.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 218781, "question": "Wat Ananda Metyarama Thai Buddhist Temple >> field of work", "answer": "Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rydal Bank Church", "paragraph_text": "The former Rydal Bank Church, also known as the Rydal Bank Presbyterian Church and the Rydal Bank United Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 1634 Highway 638, in Rydal Bank in the township of Plummer Additional, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1908, its wooden frame exterior, corner entry-bell tower, steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches. It was built to serve a Presbyterian congregation which joined the United Church of Canada in 1925 when that new denomination was formed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bethesda Presbyterian Church (Aberdeen, North Carolina)", "paragraph_text": "Bethesda Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located on NC 5 in Aberdeen, Moore County, North Carolina. It was built in 1860, and is a two-story, vernacular frame meeting house. It rests on tall granite piers, is sheathed in weatherboard, and has a hipped roof. The front facade features a projecting two-stage bell tower. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed \"Presbyterian\" worship style. Although there are set services for the \"Lord's Day\", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "North Lungpher", "paragraph_text": "North Lungpher is a village in Mizoram, India. North Lungpher is a medium size village located in Thingsulthliah RD Block of Aizawl district, Mizoram, with about 200 families residing there.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bogotá", "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vilnius County", "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ap Lo Chun", "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 653743, "question": "North Lungpher >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Vilnius County", "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Christian", "paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bogotá", "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Aizawl Monorail", "paragraph_text": "Aizawl Monorail is the proposed Monorail for the town of Aizawl, capital of the state of Mizoram in North-East India.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Vairengte", "paragraph_text": "Vairengte is a town in the Kolasib district of Mizoram state, India. It is located about 130 km from the state capital Aizawl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ngopa", "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed \"Presbyterian\" worship style. Although there are set services for the \"Lord's Day\", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Rydal Bank Church", "paragraph_text": "The former Rydal Bank Church, also known as the Rydal Bank Presbyterian Church and the Rydal Bank United Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 1634 Highway 638, in Rydal Bank in the township of Plummer Additional, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1908, its wooden frame exterior, corner entry-bell tower, steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches. It was built to serve a Presbyterian congregation which joined the United Church of Canada in 1925 when that new denomination was formed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Northeast India", "paragraph_text": "State Historic Name Capital (s) Statehood Arunachal Pradesh North - East Frontier Agency Itanagar 1987 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1971) Assam Pragjyotisha, Kamarupa Shillong (till 1969), Dispur 1947 Manipur Kangleipak Imphal 1971 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1956) Meghalaya Khasi hills, Jaintia hills and Garo hills Shillong 1971 Mizoram Lushai hills Aizawl 1987 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1971) Nagaland Naga hills Kohima 1963 Sikkim Sukhim Gangtok Tripura Tipperah Agartala 1971 (earlier a Union Territory of India, constituted in 1956)", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 551409, "question": "Aizawl Monorail >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Mizoram", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 20315, "question": "What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to #1 ?", "answer": "1894", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bally Manufacturing", "paragraph_text": "The Bally Manufacturing Corporation was founded by Raymond Moloney on January 10, 1932, when Bally's original parent, Lion Manufacturing, established the company to make pinball games. The company took its name from its first game, Ballyhoo. The company, based in Chicago, quickly became a leading maker of the games. In the late 1930s, Moloney began making gambling equipment, and had great success developing and improving the mechanical slot machines that were the core of the nascent gaming industry. After manufacturing munitions and airplane parts during World War II, Bally Manufacturing Corporation continued to produce innovations in flipperless pinball machines, bingo machines, payout machines and console slot machines through the late 1950s. They also designed and manufactured vending machines and established a coffee vending service. The company made a brief venture into the music business with their own record label, Bally Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Keen Software House", "paragraph_text": "Keen Software House is an independent video game developing company based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company was founded by Marek Rosa in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cannon Mills", "paragraph_text": "The Cannon Mills Company was an American textile company founded by James William Cannon, based in Kannapolis, North Carolina. It was founded in 1888 and went bankrupt in July 2003. The Cannon brands were then purchased by the Iconix Brand Group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hainaut-Sambre", "paragraph_text": "Hainaut-Sambre was a Belgian group of steel companies based in the Charleroi region, it was founded in 1955 by the merger of Usine Métallurgiques du Hainaut (based in Couillet, Charleroi), and the metal making division of \"Sambre et Moselle\" (based in Montignies-sur-Sambre, Charleroi).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Logica", "paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Starbucks", "paragraph_text": "Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Henry Comstock", "paragraph_text": "In 1893, John Henry Comstock and Simon Henry Gage founded the Comstock Publishing Company in order to make textbooks on microscopy, histology, and entomology available at a reasonable price to students and to publish the works of Anna Botsford Comstock on nature study.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "De Agostini", "paragraph_text": "De Agostini S.p.A. is an Italian holding company that coordinates the strategic operating companies - De Agostini Editore, De Agostini Communications, IGT and DeA Capital - and makes financial investments, among which the main investment is a minority stake in Assicurazioni Generali. It was founded in 1901 by the geographer Giovanni De Agostini in Rome, Italy, and later moved to Novara, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kids Wish Network", "paragraph_text": "The Kids Wish Network was founded in 1997 as the \"Fulfill a Wish Foundation\" by Mark Breiner, his wife Shelley Breiner and Shelley's mother Barbara Askin in honor of Shelley's father, who died of cancer in 1993. In 1998, the company's name was changed to \"Kids Wish Network\" as part of a settlement after the Make-A-Wish Foundation sued the organization on the premise that it had a confusingly similar name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Walter Chrysler", "paragraph_text": "Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American automotive industry executive and founder of Chrysler Corporation, now a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "TorqueFlite", "paragraph_text": "TorqueFlite (also seen as Torqueflite) is the trademarked name of Chrysler Corporation's automatic transmissions, starting with the three-speed unit introduced late in the 1956 model year as a successor to Chrysler's two-speed PowerFlite. In the 1990s, the TorqueFlite name was dropped in favor of alphanumeric designations, although the latest ZF-based transmissions with the 8-speed automatic has revived the name.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company", "paragraph_text": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company (KM) is an American film-production company, based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1992 by spouses Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "British colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia was founded by the London Company (also known as the Virginia Company). In Newfoundland, a chartered company known as the Society of Merchant Venturers established a permanent settlement at Cuper's Cove, from 1610. St. George's, Bermuda was founded by the Virginia Company, in 1612.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Transportistas Unidos Mexicanos", "paragraph_text": "Transportistas Unidos Mexicanos otherwise known as TUM or TUM Transportistas, is a Mexican Trucking Company based out of Mexico City founded in 1938. TUM operates 18 terminals all over Mexico, with its corporate headquarters located in Mexico City Mexico, and its international headquarters located across from the U.S.' busiest port of entry in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas. TUM carries a fleet of over 1,800 Trucks, 2,500 trailers, and 1,800 drivers making it the largest trucking company in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Renaissance Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Airblaster", "paragraph_text": "Airblaster is a clothing company of the United States that makes clothing and accessories for snowboarding and winter fun. It is independently owned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jolt Online Gaming", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1999, Jolt Online Gaming was based in Europe, with servers across the US. Jolt was known as one of the pioneers of the supply of rentable servers to online gaming clans. Jolt was acquired by OMAC Industries, a company based in Dublin, Ireland in June 2008. On November 8, 2009, the website Silicon Republic confirmed that Gamestop had acquired a stake in Jolt, making a major, undisclosed investment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gary Culliss", "paragraph_text": "Gary Culliss (born 1970) is an American entrepreneur who has founded several technology companies, including the search engine company Direct Hit Technologies and the interactive voice telecommunications company, SoundBite Communications (NASDAQ: SDBT).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mogen David", "paragraph_text": "Mogen David is a company based in Westfield, New York that makes wines, including the fortified wine MD 20 / 20. Mogen David Wine Co. is a trademark held by their parent company The Wine Group in Livermore, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association", "paragraph_text": "The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) of the United States was founded in 1909 by several flavor firms in response to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Founding members were McCormick & Company, Ulman Driefus & Company, Jones Brothers, Blanke Baer Chemical Company, Frank Tea & Spice Company, Foote & Jenkes, Sherer Gillett Company, and C.F. Sauer Company.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132622, "question": "What company makes TorqueFlite?", "answer": "Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 663762, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Walter Percy Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[ "Walter Chrysler" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Keen Software House", "paragraph_text": "Keen Software House is an independent video game developing company based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company was founded by Marek Rosa in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Walter Chrysler", "paragraph_text": "Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American automotive industry executive and founder of Chrysler Corporation, now a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association", "paragraph_text": "The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) of the United States was founded in 1909 by several flavor firms in response to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Founding members were McCormick & Company, Ulman Driefus & Company, Jones Brothers, Blanke Baer Chemical Company, Frank Tea & Spice Company, Foote & Jenkes, Sherer Gillett Company, and C.F. Sauer Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bayou City Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Bayou City Broadcasting, LLC is a broadcasting company founded in December 2007 and owned by DuJuan McCoy. The company is based in The Woodlands, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Schott NYC", "paragraph_text": "Schott NYC (Schott Bros) is an American clothing manufacturing company located in New York City. The company was founded in 1913 by brothers Irving and Jack Schott. Schott NYC was the first company to put a zipper on a jacket and they created the classic Perfecto motorcycle jacket, which was made popular by films such as \"The Wild One\" (1953). The company made clothing for the United States Armed Forces during World War II and later also for American law enforcement. Schott NYC is still owned by the Schott family and still manufacture much of their clothing in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Logica", "paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Vacamatic", "paragraph_text": "The 1941 M4 Vacamatic transmission by Chrysler was, historically, the first semi-automatic transmission which was marketed by a major manufacturer. It was an attempt to compete against rivals' automatic transmissions, though it still had a clutch, primarily to change range. In normal driving, the clutch is not used. The transmission itself was a fully synchronised manual type, with four forward gears, one reverse; where the shifting was done 'automatically' by either vacuum cylinders (early, M4), or hydraulic cylinders (late, M6, Presto-Matic). The main difference was the addition of a fluid coupling between engine and clutch, and the shifting mechanism.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Renaissance Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "MACOSA", "paragraph_text": "The Company Material y Construcciones S.A. (or MACOSA) was founded in 1947 by the merger of the Valencian company \"Construcciones Devis\" (founded by Talleres Devis in 1879) and the \"Sociedad Material para Ferrocarriles y Construcciones S.A.\" of Barcelona; this coincided with the beginning of the industrialisation of Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company", "paragraph_text": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company (KM) is an American film-production company, based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1992 by spouses Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jacob Letterstedt", "paragraph_text": "Jacob Letterstedt (1796 – 1862), born Lallerstedt in Östergötland, was a Swedish businessman who settled in the Cape Colony (part of present-day South Africa). He arrived at Cape Town in 1820, where he made his fortune in the grain trade. Later he founded the company that became South African Breweries. In 1841 he was appointed Consul of Sweden-Norway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nikola Tesla", "paragraph_text": "On his 50th birthday, in 1906, Tesla demonstrated a 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910–1911, at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100–5,000 hp. Tesla worked with several companies including from 1919–1922 in Milwaukee, for Allis-Chalmers. He spent most of his time trying to perfect the Tesla turbine with Hans Dahlstrand, the head engineer at the company, but engineering difficulties meant it was never made into a practical device. Tesla did license the idea to a precision instrument company and it found use in the form of luxury car speedometers and other instruments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "British colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia was founded by the London Company (also known as the Virginia Company). In Newfoundland, a chartered company known as the Society of Merchant Venturers established a permanent settlement at Cuper's Cove, from 1610. St. George's, Bermuda was founded by the Virginia Company, in 1612.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mazzeo system", "paragraph_text": "The Mazzeo system is a key system for the clarinet invented by Rosario Mazzeo in the 1950s, and is a modification of the Boehm system. Exclusive mass-production rights were given to the Selmer company, although only 13,000 were made. Many are now in museums, but some are in private collections or can be found for sale. Selmer's \"Bundy\" line of Resonite student instruments included a Mazzeo model.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gary Culliss", "paragraph_text": "Gary Culliss (born 1970) is an American entrepreneur who has founded several technology companies, including the search engine company Direct Hit Technologies and the interactive voice telecommunications company, SoundBite Communications (NASDAQ: SDBT).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Glide (automobile)", "paragraph_text": "The Glide automobile was an American automobile manufactured by the Bartholomew Company in Peoria Heights, Illinois beginning in 1902. Founded by John B. Bartholomew, the company continued to produce automobiles until 1920, when the company began manufacturing trucks for the Avery Company, of which Bartholomew was also president.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cannon Mills", "paragraph_text": "The Cannon Mills Company was an American textile company founded by James William Cannon, based in Kannapolis, North Carolina. It was founded in 1888 and went bankrupt in July 2003. The Cannon brands were then purchased by the Iconix Brand Group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the Civil War. Many farmers grew some tobacco, and the invention of the cigarette made the product especially popular. Winston-Salem is the birthplace of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1874 as one of 16 tobacco companies in the town. By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year. Today it is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria Group). RJR is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which in turn is 42% owned by British American Tobacco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "MathStar", "paragraph_text": "MathStar was an American, fabless semiconductor company based in Oregon. Founded in Minnesota in 1999, the company moved to the Portland metropolitan area where it remained until it completed a reverse merger with Sajan, Inc. in 2010. MathStar never made a profit after raising $137 million over the lifetime of the company, including via several stock offerings while the company was publicly traded on the NASDAQ market. The company's only product was a field programmable object array (FPOA) chip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jofa", "paragraph_text": "Niss-Oskar Jonsson founded Jofa in 1926. It can be considered an offspring of the hide industry in Malung; the company's first products were made out of leftovers from the hide industry, and the first factory was located in an old tannery.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 133024, "question": "What company made Vacamatic?", "answer": "Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 663762, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Walter Percy Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "Walter Chrysler" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Don't Be My Enemy", "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Be My Enemy\" is a single by Wang Chung. It was the first single from the album \"Points on the Curve\" in the UK, where it reached #92 in late 1983. In the US, it was released as the third single from the album, and reached #86 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in late 1984.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em", "paragraph_text": "Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em is the third record (and second major-label studio album) by MC Hammer, released on February 12, 1990 by Capitol Records. The album was produced, recorded, and mixed by Felton Pilate and James Earley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House", "paragraph_text": "Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House is the second studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 22, 1968, by Epic Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Strictly Inc.", "paragraph_text": "Strictly Inc. is the self-titled project album, released by Genesis keyboardist Tony Banks, and Wang Chung lead vocalist Jack Hues, in 1995 on Virgin Records. Tony Banks wanted the album release—as the title suggested—with no reference to the band members; but the record company went against his wishes. This was Banks' fifth studio album (his second issued under a band name and seventh album overall).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "If It Don't Come Easy", "paragraph_text": "\"If It Don't Come Easy\" is a song written by Dave Gibson and Craig Karp, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in February 1988 as the third single from the album \"Love Me Like You Used To\". \"If It Don't Come Easy\" was Tanya Tucker's ninth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent fourteen weeks on the country chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The First Cut Is the Deepest (album)", "paragraph_text": "The First Cut Is the Deepest is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Michie Mee, released in 2000 on Koch Records. The single \"Don't Wanna Be Your Slave\", featuring Esthero, was nominated for Best Rap Recording at the 2000 Juno Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Don't Dance (album)", "paragraph_text": "I Don't Dance is the third studio album by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released on September 9, 2014 via Curb Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "It Won't Be Wrong", "paragraph_text": "\"It Won't Be Wrong\" was composed in 1964 by the Byrds lead guitarist Jim McGuinn and his friend Harvey Gerst, who was an acquaintance from McGuinn's days as a folk singer at The Troubadour folk club in West Hollywood, California. The song originally appeared with the alternate title of \"Don't Be Long\" on the B-side of a single that the Byrds had released on Elektra Records in October 1964, under the pseudonym the Beefeaters. By the time the song was re-recorded in September 1965, during the recording sessions for the Byrds' second Columbia Records' album, its title had been changed to \"It Won't Be Wrong\". Both the band and their producer Terry Melcher felt that the 1965 version included on the \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" album was far more accomplished and exciting than the earlier Elektra recording of the song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Crossing the Rubicon (Armageddon album)", "paragraph_text": "Crossing the Rubicon was an album by the Swedish melodic death metal band Armageddon, released in Europe on the now defunct W.A.R. records, and in Japan on Toy's Factory records in 1997. The album features Christopher Amott of Arch Enemy, as well as former Arch Enemy members Peter Wildoer and Martin Bengtsson. The album was only released in Japan, briefly in Europe, and is extremely hard to find.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lifesblood for the Downtrodden", "paragraph_text": "Lifesblood for the Downtrodden is the eighth studio album which was released by Crowbar on February 8, 2005, on Candlelight Records. Its working title in 2004 had been \"You Don't Need an Enemy to Have a War\". It is dedicated to the memory of Dimebag Darrell, who died after the band had recorded the album. \"Coming Down\" appeared on \"Fear Candy 13\", a compilation CD issued by the British extreme metal magazine \"Terrorizer\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "I Don't Need You", "paragraph_text": "\"I Don't Need You\" is a song written by Rick Christian and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in June 1981 as the lead single from Rogers album \"Share Your Love\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Don't Know How to Party", "paragraph_text": "Don't Know How to Party is the third full-length album by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, which was released in 1993. \"Don't Know How to Party\" was The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' major label debut on Mercury Records, their first venture away from their original label Taang! Records. The album reached #187 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and spawned several singles, including the Bosstones fan favorite—\"Someday I Suppose\" (#19 Billboard Modern Rock Tracks).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "I Don't Want to Grow Up", "paragraph_text": "I Don't Want to Grow Up is the second album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1985 through New Alliance Records. It marked the end of a two-year hiatus for the band, during which singer Milo Aukerman had attended college and drummer Bill Stevenson had joined Black Flag. \"I Don't Want to Grow Up\" was the first of two albums the Descendents recorded with guitarist Ray Cooper, and their last with original bassist Tony Lombardo, who quit the group because he did not want to go on tour. Though recorded quickly and without much rehearsal time, \"I Don't Want to Grow Up\" received positive reviews from critics, who praised its catchy songs, strong melodies, and pop-influenced love songs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "If I Can't Dance", "paragraph_text": "\"If I Can't Dance\" is a song by British recording artist Sophie Ellis-Bextor for her third studio album, \"Trip the Light Fantastic\" (2007). It was written by Ellis-Bextor and Dimitri Tikovoi, while production was handled by Tikovi, with additional production by Brio Taliaferro and Jeremy Wheatley. It is a dance-pop, electropop and disco song and a reference to the famous misquotation of Emma Goldman, \"If I can't dance, I don't want to be part of your revolution\", which nevertheless summarizes what she did say.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "I Still Miss Someone", "paragraph_text": "\"I Still Miss Someone\" is a song co-written by Johnny Cash and his nephew Roy Cash, Jr and originally recorded by American country music singer Johnny Cash. He first recorded it in 1958 as the B-side to \"Don't Take Your Guns to Town\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Strange Hobby", "paragraph_text": "Strange Hobby is an uncredited cover album by Arjen Anthony Lucassen, released in 1996. The album and the booklet contain no information about Lucassen and don't explain who was responsible for the recordings, to make the album even more \"strange\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Don't Believe (album)", "paragraph_text": "Don't Believe is the latest album by New Mexican Disaster Squad released by Jade Tree Records in 2006. It is the band's first release on Jade Tree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "My Love Is Better", "paragraph_text": "\"My Love Is Better\" is a song by Norwegian recording artist Annie from her second studio album, \"Don't Stop\" (2009). Released as the album's second single on 9 October 2009, the track originally had featured backing vocals by Girls Aloud. \"My Love Is Better\" was re-released on 15 March 2010 as a 12\" single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers", "paragraph_text": "Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers is the Firesign Theatre's third comedy recording for Columbia Records, released in July 1970. In 1983, \"The New Rolling Stone Record Guide\" called it \"the greatest comedy album ever made\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "You Can't Regret What You Don't Remember", "paragraph_text": "You Can't Regret What You Don't Remember is the second solo album by Ben Moody. The album was released digitally November 11, 2011, through iTunes and Amazon.com via Moody's label, FNR Records.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 143315, "question": "Who originally recorded Don't Be My Enemy?", "answer": "Wang Chung", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 700331, "question": "#1 >> has part", "answer": "Jack Hues", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité", "paragraph_text": "Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité Bonheur (1758 – 8 August 1858) was the Empress of Haiti (1804–1806) as the spouse of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "It Wasn't A Dream, It Was A Flood", "paragraph_text": "It Wasn't A Dream, It Was A Flood is a 1974 autobiographical, 16mm short film about poet Frank Stanford, made by Stanford and his publisher, Irv Broughton. Stanford appears charismatic and passionate in the 25-minute film, which interviews friends on whom Stanford's literary characters were sometimes based.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses", "paragraph_text": "Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses is an oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite style by John William Waterhouse that was created in 1891.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United Mine Workers", "paragraph_text": "The United Mine Workers of America (UMW or UMWA) is a North American labor union best known for representing coal miners. Today, the Union also represents health care workers, truck drivers, manufacturing workers and public employees in the United States and Canada. Although its main focus has always been on workers and their rights, the UMW of today also advocates for better roads, schools, and universal health care. By 2014, coal mining had largely shifted to open pit mines in Wyoming, and there were only 60,000 active coal miners. The UMW was left with 35,000 members, of whom 20,000 were coal miners, chiefly in underground mines in Kentucky and West Virginia. However it was responsible for pensions and medical benefits for 40,000 retired miners, and for 50,000 spouses and dependents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Champagne Murders", "paragraph_text": "The Champagne Murders () is a 1967 French suspense thriller mystery film directed by Claude Chabrol and starring Anthony Perkins. It was the first of two films that Chabrol made with Perkins, who is most famous for his role in \"Psycho\" directed by Alfred Hitchcock, whom Chabrol admires above all other directors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wedding ring", "paragraph_text": "It is commonly believed that the first examples of wedding rings were found in ancient Egypt. Relics dating to 6,000 years ago, including papyrus scrolls, are evidence of the exchange of braided rings of hemp or reeds between spouses. Ancient Egypt considered the circle to be a symbol of eternity, and the ring served to signify the perpetual love of the spouses. This was also the origin of the custom of wearing the wedding ring on the ring finger of the left hand, because the ancient Egyptians believed that this finger enclosed a special vein that was connected directly to the heart, denominated in Latin the ``Vena amoris ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gordius of Cappadocia", "paragraph_text": "Gordius (in Greek Γoρδιoς), a Cappadocian by birth, was the instrument of Mithridates Eupator (120–63 BC), king of Pontus, in his attempts to annex Cappadocia to Pontus. Gordius was employed by him, in 116 BC, to murder Ariarathes VI, king of Cappadocia. Gordius was afterwards tutor of a son of Mithridates, whom, after the murder of Ariarathes VII he made king of Cappadocia as Ariarathes IX. Gordius was sent as the envoy of Mithridates to Rome, and afterwards employed by him to engage Tigranes, king of Armenia, to attack Cappadocia, and expel Ariobarzanes I, whom the Romans made king of that country in 93 BC. Sulla restored Ariobarzanes in the following year, and drove Gordius out of Cappadocia. Gordius opposed Lucius Licinius Murena in the Battle of Halys, 82 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jasmina Mihajlović", "paragraph_text": "Jasmina Mihajlović (, born in Niš, 1960) is a Serbian writer and literary critic. She is also chairwoman of Bequest of Milorad Pavić, famous Serbian writer and her late spouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia", "paragraph_text": "Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (31 December 1586 – 12 February 1659) was an Electress of Saxony as the spouse of John George I, Elector of Saxony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse", "paragraph_text": "She married fellow artist John William Waterhouse at the parish church in Ealing, in 1883, and thereafter used the name Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse. Initially, they lived in a purpose built artistic colony in Primrose Hill, where the houses had studios. In around 1900, they moved to St John's Wood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cattle of Helios", "paragraph_text": "Tiresias and Circe both warn Odysseus to shun the isle of Helios. When Eurylochus begs to be allowed to land to prepare supper, Odysseus grudgingly agrees on condition that the crew swear that if they come upon a herd of cattle or a great flock of sheep, no one will kill any of them. They are held on the isle for a month by an unfavorable storm sent by Poseidon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Intimidad de los parques", "paragraph_text": "Intimidad de los parques is a 1965 Argentine film directed by Manuel Antín. Like Antín's film \"Circe,\" it is based on a short story by Antín's compatriot Julio Cortázar. Cortázar was bitterly disappointed in the film and expressed his sentiments in a pair of letters to Antín written in March and April 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Modern Family", "paragraph_text": "Modern Family (stylized as modern family) is an American television mockumentary family sitcom that premiered on ABC on September 23, 2009, which follows the lives of Jay Pritchett and his family, all of whom live in suburban Los Angeles. Pritchett's family includes his second wife, her son and his stepson, as well as his two adult children and their spouses and children. Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan conceived the series while sharing stories of their own ``modern families ''. Modern Family employs an ensemble cast. The series is presented in mockumentary style, with the fictional characters frequently talking directly into the camera. The series premiered on September 23, 2009, and the ninth season premiered on September 27, 2017. The series was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jeannette Vermeersch", "paragraph_text": "She is principally known for having been the companion (1932–1947) and then the wife (1947–1964) of Maurice Thorez, general secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF), with whom she had three children, born before their union was made official.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Circe Invidiosa", "paragraph_text": "Circe Invidiosa is a painting by John William Waterhouse completed in 1892. It is his second depiction, after \"Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses\" (1891), of the classical mythological character Circe. This particular mythological portrayal is based on Ovid's tale in \"Metamorphoses\", wherein Circe turns Scylla into a sea monster, solely because Glaucus scorned the enchantress' romantic advances in hopes of attaining Scylla's love instead. Waterhouse later returned to the subject of Circe a third time with \"The Sorceress\" (1911). \"Circe Invidiosa\" is part of the collection of the Art Gallery of South Australia, which also owns Waterhouse's \"The Favourites of the Emperor Honorius\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Girl in a White Kimono", "paragraph_text": "Girl in a White Kimono () is an 1894 oil painting by George Hendrik Breitner. The subject of the painting is the sixteen-year-old Geesje Kwak, of whom Breitner made a series of photographs and paintings wearing red and white kimonos. The painting was inspired by the style of Japanese prints and is an example of Japonism. The painting is in the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Social Security (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company", "paragraph_text": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company (KM) is an American film-production company, based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1992 by spouses Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Estate tax in the United States", "paragraph_text": "If an asset is left to a spouse or a federally recognized charity, the tax usually does not apply. In addition, a maximum amount, varying year by year, can be given by an individual, before and / or upon their death, without incurring federal gift or estate taxes: $5,340,000 for estates of persons dying in 2014 and 2015, $5,450,000 (effectively $10.90 million per married couple, assuming the deceased spouse did not leave assets to the surviving spouse) for estates of persons dying in 2016. Because of these exemptions, it is estimated that only the largest 0.2% of estates in the U.S. will pay the tax. For 2017, the exemption increases to $5.5 million. In 2018, the exemption will double to $11.18 million per taxpayer due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States Secret Service", "paragraph_text": "Protective Mission -- The protective mission of the USSS is to ensure the safety of the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, the President's and Vice President's immediate families, former presidents, their spouses, and their minor children under the age of 16, major presidential and vice presidential candidates and their spouses, and foreign heads of state. The protective mission includes protective operations to coordinate manpower and logistics with state and local law enforcement, protective advances to conduct site and venue assessments for protectees, and protective intelligence to investigate all manners of threats made against protectees. The Secret Service is the lead agency in charge of the planning, coordination, and implementation of security operations for events designated as National Special Security Events (NSSEs). As part of the Service's mission of preventing an incident before it occurs, the agency relies on meticulous advance work and threat assessments developed by its Intelligence Division to identify potential risks to protectees.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107474, "question": "The Circe Invidiosa was made by whom?", "answer": "John William Waterhouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 166568, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Brymon Airways", "paragraph_text": "Brymon Airways is a former British airline with its head office in the Brymon House on the property of Plymouth City Airport in Plymouth, Devon. It was co-founded in 1972 by journalist Bill Bryce and racing driver Chris Amon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Walter Chrysler", "paragraph_text": "Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American automotive industry executive and founder of Chrysler Corporation, now a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Plymouth Colony", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Colony (sometimes New Plymouth) was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement served as the capital of the colony and developed as the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern portion of the modern state of Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jamie Lowry", "paragraph_text": "Jamie Lowry (born 18 March 1987) is an English footballer who plays for Plymouth Parkway and is a youth development coach at Plymouth Argyle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "MathStar", "paragraph_text": "MathStar was an American, fabless semiconductor company based in Oregon. Founded in Minnesota in 1999, the company moved to the Portland metropolitan area where it remained until it completed a reverse merger with Sajan, Inc. in 2010. MathStar never made a profit after raising $137 million over the lifetime of the company, including via several stock offerings while the company was publicly traded on the NASDAQ market. The company's only product was a field programmable object array (FPOA) chip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Schott NYC", "paragraph_text": "Schott NYC (Schott Bros) is an American clothing manufacturing company located in New York City. The company was founded in 1913 by brothers Irving and Jack Schott. Schott NYC was the first company to put a zipper on a jacket and they created the classic Perfecto motorcycle jacket, which was made popular by films such as \"The Wild One\" (1953). The company made clothing for the United States Armed Forces during World War II and later also for American law enforcement. Schott NYC is still owned by the Schott family and still manufacture much of their clothing in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League – the top tier of British basketball. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League. Plymouth was home to an American football club, the Plymouth Admirals until 2010. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Plymouth Prowler", "paragraph_text": "The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by DaimlerChrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament. Between 1439 and 1934, Plymouth had a Mayor. In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. Collectively they were referred to as \"The Three Towns\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_text": "In 1606, King James I of England granted charters to both the Plymouth Company and the London Company for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in North America. The first permanently settled English colony on the North American continent was the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, established 1607. The Plymouth Company did found the Popham Colony on the Kennebec River, but it was short - lived. The Plymouth Council for New England sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with Plymouth Colony, which was settled by the English Puritans who are known today as the Pilgrims. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful North American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The 13 colonies were complete with the establishment of the Province of Georgia in 1732, although the term ``Thirteen Colonies ''became current only in the context of the American Revolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "White Island Shores, Massachusetts", "paragraph_text": "White Island Shores is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Plymouth in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, along the shores of White Island Pond. The population was 2,106 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Grumman", "paragraph_text": "During World War II, Grumman became known for its \"Cats\", Navy fighter aircraft, F4F Wildcat and F6F Hellcat, and the less well known Grumman F7F Tigercat and Grumman F8F Bearcat (neither of which saw combat during World War II), and for its torpedo bomber TBF Avenger. Grumman ranked 22nd among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Grumman's first jet aircraft was the F9F Panther; it was followed by the upgraded F9F/F-9 Cougar, and the less well known F-11 Tiger in the 1950s. The company's big postwar successes came in the 1960s with the A-6 Intruder and E-2 Hawkeye and in the 1970s with the Grumman EA-6B Prowler and F-14 Tomcat. Grumman products were prominent in the films The Final Countdown, Top Gun and numerous World War II naval and Marine Corps aviation films. The U.S. Navy still employs the Hawkeye as part of Carrier Air Wings on board aircraft carriers, while the U.S. Marine Corps, the last branch of service to fly the Prowler retired it on March 8, 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Plymouth Gin", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Gin used to be Protected Geographical Indication that pertains to any gin distilled in Plymouth, England, but this stopped being true in February 2015. Today, there is only one brand, \"Plymouth\", which is produced by the Black Friars Distillery. The Black Friars Distillery is the only remaining gin distillery in Plymouth, in what was once a Dominican Order monastery built in 1431, and opens onto what is now Southside Street. It has been in operation since 1793.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tony Hopper", "paragraph_text": "Hopper began his career at Carlisle United, where he spent 10 years and made 100 appearances scoring 1 goal. He appeared in the famous Jimmy Glass game against Plymouth Argyle, in which the goalkeeper scored in the 94th minute to keep Carlisle United in the Football League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Jofa", "paragraph_text": "Niss-Oskar Jonsson founded Jofa in 1926. It can be considered an offspring of the hide industry in Malung; the company's first products were made out of leftovers from the hide industry, and the first factory was located in an old tannery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Plymouth Rock", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Rock is the traditional site of disembarkation of William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. The Pilgrims did not refer to Plymouth Rock in any of their writings; the first known written reference to the rock dates to 1715 when it was described in the town boundary records as ``a great rock. ''The first documented claim that Plymouth Rock was the landing place of the Pilgrims was made by Elder Thomas Faunce in 1741, 121 years after the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth. From that time to the present, Plymouth Rock has occupied a prominent spot in American tradition and has been interpreted by later generations as a symbol both of the virtues and flaws of the first English people who colonized New England. In 1774, the rock broke in half during an attempt to haul it to Town Square in Plymouth. The top portion (the fragment now visible) sat in Town Square, was moved to Pilgrim Hall Museum in 1834, and was returned to its original site on the shore of Plymouth Harbor in 1880. Today it is ensconced beneath a granite canopy designed by McKim, Mead & White.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the \"Vision for Plymouth\" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Plymouth North High School", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth North High School, known informally as Plymouth North or PNHS, is a public high school located in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Its students are residents of the town of Plymouth. The school is one of two high schools in Plymouth, the other being Plymouth South High School. Plymouth North is located south of Plymouth Center, and is located adjacent to the Plymouth County Courthouse, the Plymouth County Registry of Deeds, and Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital. The school colors are Navy Blue, White & Silver and the school mascot is an Eagle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_text": "In 1606, King James I of England granted charters to both the Plymouth Company and the London Company for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in North America. The London Company established the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1607, the first permanently settled English colony on the North American continent. The Plymouth Company founded the Popham Colony on the Kennebec River, but it was short - lived. The Plymouth Council for New England sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with Plymouth Colony in 1620 which was settled by the English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful North American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The Thirteen Colonies were complete with the establishment of the Province of Georgia in 1732, although the term ``Thirteen Colonies ''became current only in the context of the American Revolution.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132590, "question": "What company made Plymouth Prowler?", "answer": "Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 663762, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Walter Percy Chrysler", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "Walter Chrysler" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Preacher's Wife", "paragraph_text": "Rev. Henry Biggs (Courtney B. Vance) is the pastor of a small struggling Baptist church in a poverty - stricken neighborhood of New York City. Membership is declining, Henry is pulled in a hundred directions by his parishioners' needs, and the church's finances are in trouble. Henry is under intense pressure from real estate developer Joe Hamilton (Gregory Hines) to sell the church's property so that Hamilton can build luxury condominiums on the site. Henry has also become neglectful of his wife, Julia (Whitney Houston), and his son, Jeremiah. Julia worries that her marriage is failing. Unsure that he can make a difference in his parishioners' lives and beginning to lose his faith, Henry prays to God for help, which comes in the form of Dudley (Denzel Washington), a witty and debonair angel. Dudley tells Henry that he is an angel sent by God to help him, but Henry is deeply suspicious of Dudley. Julia, however, is instantly charmed by the handsome and unflappable angel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Wild Kratts", "paragraph_text": "Aviva Corcovado (voiced by Athena Karkanis) -- Aviva is the leader of the Tortuga gang, second in command to Chris and Martin. She designs all of the inventions the Kratts use, usually inspired by nature. She is an engineer and inventor. Once she has made up her mind, it takes appealing to her emotions and overwhelming evidence to change it. She is also competitive, rivaling Zach in invention contests, the Kratts, and even nature itself, most notably in ``Cheetah Racer '', where she bet that she could invent a land vehicle that was faster than a cheetah, although she was proved wrong. Her Creature Power Suit color is purple. For instance, she used this to become a Lawes's parotia in`` Birds of a Feather'', a groundhog girl in ``Groundhog Wake Up Call '', a Thompson's gazelle in`` The Amazing Creature Race'', and a giant female praying mantis to humiliate Zach in ``Praying Mantis. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Praying to a New God", "paragraph_text": "\"Praying to a New God\" is a single by Wang Chung. Released in April 1989, the song peaked at #63 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on May 27. The official music video for the song was directed by Andy Morahan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of the Rosary", "paragraph_text": "In 1569, the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices by the Dominican Pope Pius V officially established the devotion to the rosary in the Catholic Church. Saint Peter Canisius, a Doctor of the Church, who is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence ``Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners '', was an ardent advocate of the rosary and promoted it (and its Marian devotion in general) as the best way to repair the damage done to the Church by the Reformation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptians begrudgingly accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt, though the kingdom went through several native revolts. The Ptolemies took on the traditions of the Egyptian Pharaohs, such as marrying their siblings (Ptolemy II was the first to adopt this custom), having themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participating in Egyptian religious life. The Ptolemaic ruler cult portrayed the Ptolemies as gods, and temples to the Ptolemies were erected throughout the kingdom. Ptolemy I even created a new god, Serapis, who was combination of two Egyptian gods: Apis and Osiris, with attributes of Greek gods. Ptolemaic administration was, like the Ancient Egyptian bureaucracy, highly centralized and focused on squeezing as much revenue out of the population as possible though tariffs, excise duties, fines, taxes and so forth. A whole class of petty officials, tax farmers, clerks and overseers made this possible. The Egyptian countryside was directly administered by this royal bureaucracy. External possessions such as Cyprus and Cyrene were run by strategoi, military commanders appointed by the crown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wilson, Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Wilson is a town in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,724 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ardmore, Oklahoma Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to one of the oldest Assemblies of God churches in Oklahoma, the Wilson Assembly of God Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Apollo", "paragraph_text": "The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods. In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats. All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "Athanasius also wrote a two-part Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God. Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy, they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology. In the first part, Athanasius attacks several pagan practices and beliefs. The second part presents teachings on the redemption. Also in these books, Athanasius put forward the belief that the Son of God, the eternal Word through whom God created the world, entered that world in human form to lead men back into the harmony from which they had earlier fallen away.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "At-Taghabun", "paragraph_text": "Sūrat at-Taghābun (, \"Loss, Deprivation\") is the 64th sura of the Quran with 18 verses. This \"Meccan\" Chapter opens with the words of glorification of God (Allah in Arabic), it is part of Al-Musabbihat group. The theme of this Surah is an invitation to the Faith, obedience (to God) and the teaching of good morals. The previous Surah Al-Munafiqun was about hypocrisy and the lack of Iman. This surah is discussing the opposite of that.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Search for the Gods", "paragraph_text": "Search for the Gods is a 1975 television film directed by Jud Taylor, and stars Kurt Russell and Stephen McHattie. It was intended to be the pilot episode of a TV series that never made it into production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Castiel (Supernatural)", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the third season of Supernatural, main character Dean Winchester is in Hell after being killed by the hellhounds of the demonic antagonist Lilith. In the season four premiere ``Lazarus Rising '', the angel Castiel is introduced as the one who brought Dean back from Hell and resurrected him. Because merely perceiving his actual form typically results in blindness, he takes a human host -- James`` Jimmy'' Novak, a ``devout man ''who prayed for it -- to communicate with Dean, and tells him that he has been brought back because God has work for him. Lilith is breaking the 66 seals in order to free Lucifer, and Dean must stop her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "God Is My Bike", "paragraph_text": "God Is My Bike is the debut album by Maïa Vidal, released 28 October 2011 in Europe on the Crammed Discs label. The album was made available in the United States iTunes Store on 30 October 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "That's Why God Made the Radio (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"That's Why God Made the Radio\" is a song written by Joe Thomas, Brian Wilson, Jim Peterik, and Larry Millas for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was the first new single from the band in 20 years and was included on the band's 29th studio album, \"That's Why God Made the Radio\". The album was recorded to coincide with the band's 50th anniversary, which featured a reunion tour of the surviving co-founders. According to the song's co-writer Peterik:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dominican Order", "paragraph_text": "Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, singing was apparently one of Dominic's great delights. Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.' He owned a single habit, refused to carry money, and would allow no one to serve him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Strictly Inc.", "paragraph_text": "Strictly Inc. is the self-titled project album, released by Genesis keyboardist Tony Banks, and Wang Chung lead vocalist Jack Hues, in 1995 on Virgin Records. Tony Banks wanted the album release—as the title suggested—with no reference to the band members; but the record company went against his wishes. This was Banks' fifth studio album (his second issued under a band name and seventh album overall).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Son of God (film)", "paragraph_text": "Son of God is a 2014 American epic biblical drama film directed by Christopher Spencer, and produced by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey. The film premiered in New York, and Los Angeles for a limited release on February 21, 2014, and then into a wide release on February 28, 2014. The film retells the life of Jesus and is an adaptation of the ten-hour miniseries \"The Bible\", which aired in March 2013 on the History channel. \"Son of God\" made $59.7 million domestically, becoming the 10th highest-grossing Christian film in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses", "paragraph_text": "Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.[note 5] Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as \"beyond doubt\" or \"approved by God\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Greeks", "paragraph_text": "The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity. As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece (e.g. Zeus, Poseidon and Hades) became major figures of the Olympian Pantheon of later antiquity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Plymouth Colony", "paragraph_text": "The Pilgrims themselves were a part of the English Separatists (also known as English Dissenters) who were Protestant Christians who separated from the Church of England. The movement sought to practice Christianity as was done in the times of the Apostles. Following Martin Luther's and John Calvin's Reformation, they believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious teaching and that any additions made to Christianity had no place in Christian practice, especially with regard to church traditions, such as clerical vestments or the use of Latin in church services. In particular, they were strongly opposed to the Anglicans' episcopal form of church government. They believed that the church was a community of Christians who made a covenant with God and with one another. Their congregations had a democratic structure. Ministers, teachers, and lay church elders were elected by and responsible to the entire congregation (Calvinist Federalism). Each congregation was independent of all the others and directly subject to God's (or Christ's) government (theocracy), hence the name Congregationalism. The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to ``separate ''themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within. It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New Zealand at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "New Zealand competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. For the first time at the Olympics, God Defend New Zealand was played instead of God Save the King/Queen. The New Zealand Olympic Committee was represented by 89 competitors, 82 men and 7 women, who took part in 63 events in 14 sports.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 143272, "question": "Who made Praying to a New God?", "answer": "Wang Chung", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 700331, "question": "#1 >> has part", "answer": "Jack Hues", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Giovanni Pichler", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Pichler (Born 10 January 1734 in Naples; died 25 January 1791 in Rome) was a German-Italian artist in engraved gems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Christianity was established in the region by the Romans, and saw the establishment of monasteries and churches in the high regions. The Frankish expansion of the Carolingian Empire and the Bavarian expansion in the eastern Alps introduced feudalism and the building of castles to support the growing number of dukedoms and kingdoms. Castello del Buonconsiglio in Trento, Italy, still has intricate frescoes, excellent examples of Gothic art, in a tower room. In Switzerland, Château de Chillon is preserved as an example of medieval architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lorenzo Storioni", "paragraph_text": "Born a generation after Stradivarius and Guarnerius, with no direct link to the great tradition, violin making made a comeback in Cremona with Lorenzo Storioni and his two followers, Giovanni Rota and Giovanni Battista Ceruti.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Giovanni Cianfriglia", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cianfriglia (born 5 April 1935) is an Italian film actor. He has appeared in more than 100 films since 1958.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Montecchio Maggiore", "paragraph_text": "Montecchio Maggiore is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is situated approximately west of Vicenza and east of Verona; SP 246 provincial road passes through it.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pope Leo X", "paragraph_text": "Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was Pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista", "paragraph_text": "The Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista is a confraternity building located in the San Polo \"sestiere\" of the Italian city of Venice. Founded in the 13th century by a group of flagellants it was later to become one of the five \"Scuole Grandi\" of Venice. These organisations provided a variety of charitable functions in the city as well as becoming patrons of the arts. The Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista is notable for housing a relic of the true cross and for the series of paintings it commissioned from a number of famous Venetian artists depicting \"Miracles of the Holy Cross\". No longer in the school, these came into public ownership during the Napoleonic era and are now housed in the Gallerie dell'Accademia. The scuola is open to visitors on a limited number of days, detailed on the official website.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Teodelapio", "paragraph_text": "Teodelapio is the only monumental stabile sculpture in Italy by Alexander Calder, site in Spoleto, designed and donated to the city for the 1962 edition of Festival dei Due Mondi. It was part of the open-air exhibition \"\"Sculture in Città\"\" (Sculptures in the city) organized by Giovanni Carandente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ivano Ciano", "paragraph_text": "Ivano Ciano (born 3 May 1983 in San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy) is an Italian footballer. He plays as a defender. He is currently playing for Italian Lega Pro Seconda Divisione team Catanzaro.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bernardo Poli", "paragraph_text": "Bernardo Poli (born March 27, 1915 in San Giovanni Lupatoto; died March 2, 1944 in Milan) was an Italian professional football player.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Antonio Liozzi", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Liozzi (1730–1807) was an Italian painter, active in a late-Baroque style in his native city of Penna San Giovanni.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Giovanni Benedetto Platti", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Benedetto Platti (born possibly 9 July 1697 (according to other sources 1690, 1692, 1700) in Padua, belonging to Venice at the time; died 11 January 1763 in Würzburg) was an Italian oboist and composer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Giovanni Campusano", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Campusano (born 11 January 1993) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays for Chilean Primera División club Deportes La Serena as an attacking midfielder.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Giovanni Buonconsiglio", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Buonconsiglio (born Montecchio Maggiore c. 1465, died 1535 or 1537; active during 1497–1514) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Venice and his native Vicenza. Alternate names: Bonconsigli, Giovanni; Il Marescalco; Marescalco Buonconsiglio; Il Marescalco.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Power Move", "paragraph_text": "Power Move is the third studio album by the Screaming Females released by Don Giovanni Records on April 4th, 2009. It was their first on Don Giovanni Records and their first not to be self-released.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rita Shane", "paragraph_text": "Born in the Bronx to Julius J. Shane and Rebekah (née Milner) Shane, Rita Shane studied at Barnard College and privately with voice teachers Beverly Peck Johnson and Herbert Bliss. In 1964, she made her operatic debut as Olympia in \"Les contes d'Hoffmann\" with Chattanooga Opera. She appeared the next year with the New York City Opera, as Donna Elvira in \"Don Giovanni\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Andrea Chiarabini", "paragraph_text": "Andrea Chiarabini (born 12 March 1995 in Rome) is an Italian diver. He competed for Italy at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro with Giovanni Tocci.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ettore Bugatti", "paragraph_text": "Ettore Bugatti was born into an artistic family with its origin in Milan, Italy. He was the elder son of Carlo Bugatti (1856–1940), an important Italian Art Nouveau furniture and jewelry designer, and his wife Teresa Lorioli. His younger brother, Rembrandt Bugatti (1884–1916), was a renowned animal sculptor. His aunt, Luigia Bugatti, was the wife of the painter Giovanni Segantini. His paternal grandfather, Giovanni Luigi Bugatti, was an architect and sculptor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Giovanni Battista Volpati", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Volpati (March 7, 1633 – 1706) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born in Bassano. He was the author of some treatises on the fine arts. The most important of these is \"La Verità Pittoresca\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144088, "question": "In what city was Giovanni Buonconsiglio born?", "answer": "Montecchio Maggiore", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 319888, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "comune", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Comune" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Simtek", "paragraph_text": "Simtek (Simulation Technology) was an engineering consultancy firm and Formula One racing team. The Formula One (F1) engineering consultancy arm, Simtek Research, was founded in 1989 by Max Mosley and Nick Wirth. It originally was involved in many areas of Formula One, including wind tunnel construction and chassis building for third parties. Simtek Grand Prix, the racing team, launched in 1993 and competed in the 1994 and 1995 seasons achieving a best result of ninth place. With large debts and a lack of sponsorship money, Simtek went into voluntary liquidation in June 1995.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "McGuire (Formula One)", "paragraph_text": "McGuire was a Formula One racing car constructor founded by Australian driver Brian McGuire. The team participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix but failed to qualify.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nicolas Fuss", "paragraph_text": "Fuss was born in Basel, Switzerland. He moved to Saint Petersburg to serve as a mathematical assistant to Leonhard Euler from 1773–1783, and remained there until his death. He contributed to spherical trigonometry, differential equations, the optics of microscopes and telescopes, differential geometry, and actuarial science. He also contributed to Euclidean geometry, including the problem of Apollonius.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2015 British Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 British Grand Prix (formally known as the 2015 Formula 1 British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 5 July 2015 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, United Kingdom. The race was the ninth round of the 2015 season, and marked the 70th running of the British Grand Prix, and the 51st time that the race was held at the Silverstone Circuit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "1993 European Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1993 European Grand Prix (formally the Sega European Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 11 April 1993 at Donington Park. It was the third race of the 1993 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race was contested over 76 laps and was won by Ayrton Senna for the McLaren team, ahead of second-placed Damon Hill and third-placed Alain Prost, both driving for the Williams team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Carl Anton Bretschneider", "paragraph_text": "Carl Anton Bretschneider (27 May 1808 – 6 November 1878) was a mathematician from Gotha, Germany. Bretschneider worked in geometry, number theory, and history of geometry. He also worked on logarithmic integrals and mathematical tables. He was one of the first mathematicians to use the symbol γ for Euler's constant when he published his 1837 paper. He is best known for his discovery of Bretschneider's formula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roger Cotes", "paragraph_text": "Roger Cotes FRS (10 July 1682 – 5 June 1716) was an English mathematician, known for working closely with Isaac Newton by proofreading the second edition of his famous book, the \"Principia\", before publication. He also invented the quadrature formulas known as Newton–Cotes formulas and first introduced what is known today as Euler's formula. He was the first Plumian Professor at Cambridge University from 1707 until his death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tyrrell 001", "paragraph_text": "The Tyrrell 001 is a Formula One racing car which was designed for the end of the 1970 and the beginning of the 1971 Formula One season by Tyrrell Racing's Chief Designer, Derek Gardner. The car competed in five Grands Prix retiring on four occasions and achieving one second-place finish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Basel problem", "paragraph_text": ".The sum of the series is approximately equal to 1.644934. The Basel problem asks for the exact sum of this series (in closed form), as well as a proof that this sum is correct. Euler found the exact sum to be π2/6 and announced this discovery in 1735. His arguments were based on manipulations that were not justified at the time, although he was later proven correct, and it was not until 1741 that he was able to produce a truly rigorous proof.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ⋯", "paragraph_text": "Cesàro's teacher, Eugène Charles Catalan, also disparaged divergent series. Under Catalan's influence, Cesàro initially referred to the \"conventional formulas\" for 1 − 2n + 3n − 4n + ... as \"absurd equalities\", and in 1883 Cesàro expressed a typical view of the time that the formulas were false but still somehow formally useful. Finally, in his 1890 Sur la multiplication des séries, Cesàro took a modern approach starting from definitions.The series are also studied for non-integer values of n; these make up the Dirichlet eta function. Part of Euler's motivation for studying series related to 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ... was the functional equation of the eta function, which leads directly to the functional equation of the Riemann zeta function. Euler had already become famous for finding the values of these functions at positive even integers (including the Basel problem), and he was attempting to find the values at the positive odd integers (including Apéry's constant) as well, a problem that remains elusive today. The eta function in particular is easier to deal with by Euler's methods because its Dirichlet series is Abel summable everywhere; the zeta function's Dirichlet series is much harder to sum where it diverges. For example, the counterpart of 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ... in the zeta function is the non-alternating series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ..., which has deep applications in modern physics but requires much stronger methods to sum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dagger Complex", "paragraph_text": "The Dagger Complex is a US military base in Darmstadt (Germany), close to Griesheim and located at the \"Eberstädter Weg\", south of the August-Euler-Airfield.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Riemann problem", "paragraph_text": "A Riemann problem, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a specific initial value problem composed of a conservation equation together with piecewise constant initial data which has a single discontinuity in the domain of interest. The Riemann problem is very useful for the understanding of equations like Euler conservation equations because all properties, such as shocks and rarefaction waves, appear as characteristics in the solution. It also gives an exact solution to some complex nonlinear equations, such as the Euler equations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "JHR Developments", "paragraph_text": "JHR Developments is a motor racing team based in Dronfield, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom. The team was founded in 1995, to enter Jamie Hunter in the UK and European Formula Renault series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Simon Antoine Jean L'Huilier", "paragraph_text": "Simon Antoine Jean L'Huilier (or L'Huillier) (24 April 1750 in Geneva – 28 March 1840 in Geneva) was a Swiss mathematician of French Hugenot descent. He is known for his work in mathematical analysis and topology, and in particular the generalization of Euler's formula for planar graphs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Euler's formula", "paragraph_text": "Euler's formula, named after Leonhard Euler, is a mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function. Euler's formula states that for any real number :", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Keilite", "paragraph_text": "Keilite is an iron-magnesium sulfide mineral (chemical formula (Fe,Mg)S)) that is found in enstatite chondrites. Keilite is the iron-dominant analog of niningerite. Keilite is named after Klaus Keil (born 1934).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2017 Russian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Russian Grand Prix (Russian: Гран - при России 2017 года, translit. Gran - pri Rossii 2017 goda), officially known as the 2017 Formula 1 VTB Russian Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race that took place on 30 April 2017 as the fourth round of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship. The fifty - two lap race was held at the Sochi Autodrom, marking the fourth running of the Russian Grand Prix as a round of the Formula One World Championship. Sebastian Vettel started the race from pole, with his teammate Kimi Räikkönen in second in Ferrari's first front - row lockout since the 2008 French Grand Prix. Valtteri Bottas won the race by 0.617 seconds over Vettel, the smallest winning margin since the 2016 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2015 Hungarian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Hungarian Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Pirelli Magyar Nagydíj 2015) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 26 July 2015 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród, Hungary. It was the tenth round of the 2015 Formula One season and the 31st Hungarian Grand Prix, and the 30th time it had been held as a round of the World Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Stephen Day (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Day is an American composer, producer, instrumentalist, vocalist and teacher. His credits range from scoring portions of the film \"Formula 51\", starring Samuel L. Jackson, to founding a nonprofit organization, Ombience, dedicated to spreading spirituality through art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rodney Nuckey", "paragraph_text": "Rodney Nuckey (26 June 1929 in Wood Green, London – 29 June 2000 in Manila, Philippines) was a British racing driver from England. He started in 500cc Formula 3. He entered two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953, although his place in the 1954 British Grand Prix was ultimately taken by Eric Brandon. Nuckey scored no championship points, but he finished third in the non-championship Syracuse Grand Prix in 1953, and took part in many other non-Championship Formula One races.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 119410, "question": "Who found Euler's formula?", "answer": "Leonhard Euler", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 793868, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Petersburg" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Michael Denning", "paragraph_text": "Michael Denning (born 1954) is an American cultural historian and William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American Studies at Yale University. His work has been influential in shaping the field of American Studies by importing and interpreting the work of British Cultural Studies theorists. Although he received his Ph.D. from Yale University and studied with Fredric Jameson, perhaps the greatest influence on his work is the time he spent at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies working with Stuart Hall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Crystal Hills", "paragraph_text": "The Crystal Hills are a low mountain range in the Mojave Desert, in extreme southwestern section of Death Valley National Park, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Fishhook Ridge", "paragraph_text": "Fishhook Ridge () is a ridge rising to about on the east side of Sobral Peninsula, Nordenskjöld Coast, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1990 from the shape of the feature in plan view.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nicolas Fuss", "paragraph_text": "Fuss was born in Basel, Switzerland. He moved to Saint Petersburg to serve as a mathematical assistant to Leonhard Euler from 1773–1783, and remained there until his death. He contributed to spherical trigonometry, differential equations, the optics of microscopes and telescopes, differential geometry, and actuarial science. He also contributed to Euclidean geometry, including the problem of Apollonius.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Geronimo de Bobadilla", "paragraph_text": "He was born at Antequera, a small town in the vicinity of Málaga, and got married in 1659. According to Palomino he was a scholar of Francisco Zurbarán, whose manner he followed. He excelled in painting historical subjects of a medium size and perspective views. He used a peculiar varnish on his pictures, which Murillo compared to crystal. He was a great collector of academic figures, drawings, models, and sketches of celebrated artists. He was one of the founders of the Academy at Seville in 1660, and according to art historian Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez continued to support it until his death, which took place in that city in 1680.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Planck constant", "paragraph_text": "The X-ray crystal density method is primarily a method for determining the Avogadro constant NA but as the Avogadro constant is related to the Planck constant it also determines a value for h. The principle behind the method is to determine NA as the ratio between the volume of the unit cell of a crystal, measured by X-ray crystallography, and the molar volume of the substance. Crystals of silicon are used, as they are available in high quality and purity by the technology developed for the semiconductor industry. The unit cell volume is calculated from the spacing between two crystal planes referred to as d220. The molar volume Vm(Si) requires a knowledge of the density of the crystal and the atomic weight of the silicon used. The Planck constant is given by", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Creed of Gold", "paragraph_text": "Creed of Gold is a 2014 film about fictional corruption at the Federal Reserve. It was produced by Crystal Creek Media and directed by Daniel Knudsen. Filming of \"Creed of Gold\" took place in several locations near Indianapolis, Indiana and Detroit, Michigan with some additional photography taking place on location in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Crystal Springs Fountain", "paragraph_text": "The Crystal Springs Fountain is a historic roadside fountain along old U.S. Route 10 near Crystal Springs, North Dakota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It provided spring water and was a rest stop for travelers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crystal Palace (ward)", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Palace Ward is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley, covering part of the Crystal Palace area and the entirety of Crystal Palace Park. It has an estimated population of 12,432 and is represented on the council by two councillors - Angela Wilkins and Richard Williams - both of which are affiliated to the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Crystal Springs, North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Springs is an unincorporated community in Kidder County, North Dakota, United States. Crystal Springs is located along Interstate 94 east of Tappen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Jacques Prost", "paragraph_text": "Alumni of the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud (sciences) (1965), Jacques Prost studied at Harvard University and founded and head (1987–1995) the \"Theoretical Physico-Chemistry\" Group of the ESPCI ParisTech under the direction of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. His group studied liquid crystal and soft matter properties. In 1996, he founded the group \"Physical Chemistry Curie\" lab at the Curie Institute (Paris). His group studies physical approaches to biological problems and describes cell motion, molecular motors, the properties of biological membranes and protein adhesion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Death education", "paragraph_text": "Historically death education in American society has been seen as a taboo topic, not worthy of scholarly research or for educational purposes. In the 1960s pioneering professionals like that of Herman Feifel (1959), Elisabeth Kübler - Ross (1969), and Cicely Saunders (1967) encouraged behavioral scientists, clinicians, and humanists to pay attention and to study death - related topics. This initiated the death - awareness movement and began the widespread study of death - related behavior, developing new programs of care for the dying and bereaved, as well as new research on death - related attitudes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Crystal Sound", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Sound () is a sound in Antarctica between the southern part of the Biscoe Islands and the coast of Graham Land, with northern limit Cape Evensen to Cape Leblond and southern limit Holdfast Point, Roux Island, Liard Island and the Sillard Islands. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 because many features in the sound are named for men who have undertaken research on the structure of ice crystals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arend Joan Rutgers", "paragraph_text": "Arend Joan Rutgers went to high school in Almelo, after which he studied chemistry at the University of Amsterdam. After he obtained his master's degree in 1926 he went to Leiden, where he studied theoretical physics under Paul Ehrenfest. In 1930 he obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Leiden on a thesis entitled \"\"Bijdrage tot de theorie der thermoelectriciteit in kristallen.\"\" (Contribution to the theory of thermo-electricity in crystals). In 1931 he returned to Amsterdam as an assistant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Martensite", "paragraph_text": "Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure. It is named after the German Adolf Martens (1850–1914). By analogy the term can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by diffusionless transformation. Martensite includes a class of hard minerals that occur as lath- or plate-shaped crystal grains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Friday the 13th (1980 film)", "paragraph_text": "Twenty - two years later, on June 13, 1980, newly hired counselor Annie Phillips asks for directions to the reopened Camp Crystal Lake. A friendly truck driver named Enos agrees to drive Annie halfway, but an elderly man, Crazy Ralph, warns her against going, believing that the camp has a ``death curse ''. During the drive, Enos tells Annie about a young boy that drowned at Crystal Lake in 1957 and about the two murders the following year. After Enos drops her off, Annie hitches another ride from an unseen assailant, who chases her into the woods and slashes her throat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of science", "paragraph_text": "Theophrastus wrote some of the earliest descriptions of plants and animals, establishing the first taxonomy and looking at minerals in terms of their properties such as hardness. Pliny the Elder produced what is one of the largest encyclopedias of the natural world in 77 AD, and must be regarded as the rightful successor to Theophrastus. For example, he accurately describes the octahedral shape of the diamond, and proceeds to mention that diamond dust is used by engravers to cut and polish other gems owing to its great hardness. His recognition of the importance of crystal shape is a precursor to modern crystallography, while mention of numerous other minerals presages mineralogy. He also recognises that other minerals have characteristic crystal shapes, but in one example, confuses the crystal habit with the work of lapidaries. He was also the first to recognise that amber was a fossilized resin from pine trees because he had seen samples with trapped insects within them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Crystal Bay, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Bay is a neighborhood of Orono, Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Crystal Bay has its own post office with ZIP code 55323.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Matsuyama Rocks", "paragraph_text": "The Matsuyama Rocks () are a small group of rocks close off the west side of Stefan Ice Piedmont, Graham Land, Antarctica. They are located towards the western end of Crystal Sound. They were mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Motonori Matsuyama, Professor of Geology and Geophysics at Kyoto University, Japan, who made laboratory studies of the crystal forms of ice.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9418, "question": "Who studied the shapes of crystals?", "answer": "Leonhard Euler", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 793868, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Petersburg" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "African Venus", "paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Love, Loss, Hope, Repeat", "paragraph_text": "Love, Loss, Hope, Repeat is an album by the band Carbon Leaf on the Vanguard Records label. Recording for the album started in 2004 and it was released on September 12, 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Some Rainy Morning", "paragraph_text": "Some Rainy Morning is a blues album by Robert Cray, it was released on 9 May 1995 through Mercury Records.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jamal Plays Jamal", "paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Songs of Love and Death", "paragraph_text": "Songs of Love and Death is the eighth full-length album by Canadian singer-songwriter Emm Gryner, released in 2005 on her independent label Dead Daisy Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Monkey Island (album)", "paragraph_text": "The album did not perform well in the marketplace, and would be the J. Geils Band's last original album for Atlantic Records after almost eight years with the label. It was, however, the band's first album on which they did not use an outside producer, as well as their first project with recording engineer David Thoener, with whom they later collaborated on their best-selling albums \"Love Stinks\" and \"Freeze Frame\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Top and Bottom Brass", "paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bach to the Blues", "paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Easterly Winds", "paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nothin But Love", "paragraph_text": "Nothin But Love is the 16th studio album by blues guitarist Robert Cray. It was released on August 28, 2012, through Provogue Records. It was his first studio album since 2009's \"This Time\". The album was released on CD and vinyl.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Voice That Is!", "paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Conception: The Gift of Love", "paragraph_text": "Conception: The Gift of Love is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson recorded in 1979 and released on the Columbia label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mind Funk", "paragraph_text": "Mind Funk (spelled Mindfunk on later releases) were an American rock band containing members of Chemical Waste and several other bands. The band was originally known as \"Mind Fuck\" but were forced by Epic Records to change their name. They signed to the Sony/Epic-label and released their self-titled debut album in 1991. Guitarist Jason Everman, known for stints on guitar and bass with Nirvana and Soundgarden, joined and later left in September 1994 to join the US Army 2nd Ranger Battalion and the Special Forces. Louis Svitek went on to later perform with Ministry and has since opened his new recording studio and label, Wu-Li Records. John Monte also later performed with Ministry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)", "paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Edsels", "paragraph_text": "The Edsels were an American doo-wop group active during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The name of the group was originally The Essos, after the oil company, but was changed to match the new Ford automobile, the Edsel. They recorded over 25 songs and had multiple performances on Dick Clark's \"American Bandstand\". The Edsels were one of the few doo-wop groups to sign with a major record label, as most groups of that era found success with small independent labels; before their national hit \"Rama Lama Ding Dong\", songs like \"What Brought Us Together\", \"Bone Shaker Joe\" and \"Do You Love Me\" helped the group land a major recording contract with Capitol Records in 1961.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix", "paragraph_text": "\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "George Jones with Love", "paragraph_text": "George Jones with Love is an album by American country music artist George Jones, released in 1971 on the Musicor Records label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album)", "paragraph_text": "Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Antoine Marchand", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cari Lekebusch", "paragraph_text": "Cari Lekebusch (born 1972) is a Swedish electronic music producer and DJ based in Stockholm. His productions range from techno to hip hop. He owns a record label, H. Productions, founded and managed by himself. The original name of the record label was Hybrid productions, but a legal twist in 1998 with the Japanese label Avex Trax's British group Hybrid forced Lekebusch to change his record label name to its present name. His studio is called HP HQ (Hybrid production Headquarters).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142527, "question": "What was Nothin But Love's performers name?", "answer": "Robert Cray", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 229561, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Mercury Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ulysses S. Grant Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Ulysses Simpson \"Buck\" Grant Jr. (July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929) was an American attorney and entrepreneur. He was the second son of President Ulysses S. Grant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cattle of Helios", "paragraph_text": "Tiresias and Circe both warn Odysseus to shun the isle of Helios. When Eurylochus begs to be allowed to land to prepare supper, Odysseus grudgingly agrees on condition that the crew swear that if they come upon a herd of cattle or a great flock of sheep, no one will kill any of them. They are held on the isle for a month by an unfavorable storm sent by Poseidon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Everton F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Everton regularly take large numbers away from home both domestically and in European fixtures. The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches. Everton often sell out the full allocation in away grounds and tickets sell particularly well for North West England away matches. In October 2009, Everton took 7,000 travelling fans to Benfica, their largest ever away crowd in Europe since the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown St. Louis, Missouri within the municipality of Grantwood Village. The site, also known as White Haven, commemorates the life, military career, and Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Five historic structures are preserved at the site including the childhood home of Julia Dent Grant, wife of Ulysses S. Grant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Intimidad de los parques", "paragraph_text": "Intimidad de los parques is a 1965 Argentine film directed by Manuel Antín. Like Antín's film \"Circe,\" it is based on a short story by Antín's compatriot Julio Cortázar. Cortázar was bitterly disappointed in the film and expressed his sentiments in a pair of letters to Antín written in March and April 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ulysses S. Grant IV", "paragraph_text": "Ulysses S. Grant IV (May 23, 1893 – March 11, 1977) was the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. and the grandson of General of the Army and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and United States Senator Jerome B. Chaffee of Colorado. He was an American geologist and paleontologist known for his work on the fossil mollusks of the California Pacific Coast. He was born at his father's farm, Merryweather Farm, in Salem Center, Westchester County, New York. Shortly after his birth, the family moved to San Diego, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Circe Invidiosa", "paragraph_text": "Circe Invidiosa is a painting by John William Waterhouse completed in 1892. It is his second depiction, after \"Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses\" (1891), of the classical mythological character Circe. This particular mythological portrayal is based on Ovid's tale in \"Metamorphoses\", wherein Circe turns Scylla into a sea monster, solely because Glaucus scorned the enchantress' romantic advances in hopes of attaining Scylla's love instead. Waterhouse later returned to the subject of Circe a third time with \"The Sorceress\" (1911). \"Circe Invidiosa\" is part of the collection of the Art Gallery of South Australia, which also owns Waterhouse's \"The Favourites of the Emperor Honorius\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses", "paragraph_text": "Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses is an oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite style by John William Waterhouse that was created in 1891.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ulysses Colles", "paragraph_text": "Ulysses Colles is an official name for conical edifices associated with flows in Ulysses Fossae in the Tharsis quadrangle of Mars. These conical edifices form small volcanic field which were interpreted as result of explosive eruptions on Mars where martian equivalents to terrestrial pyroclastic cones, cinder cones respectively, exist. This field is situated north of the shield volcanoes Biblis Patera and Ulysses Patera and it is superposed on an old, elevated window of fractured crust of Ulysses Fossae, probably of early Hesperian age, which survived flooding by younger lava flows associated with plain-style volcanism in Tharsis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Social Security (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cup Noodles", "paragraph_text": "In 1970, Nissin formed the subsidiary Nissin Foods (USA) Co. Inc, to sell instant noodles in the United States. Nissin recognized that the bowls traditionally used to package instant noodles in Asia were not common in the U.S, so they used the paper cup designed by Ron R. Matteson. In 1971, they introduced instant ramen packaged in a foam cup. The three original Cup O 'Noodles flavors in the US were beef, chicken and shrimp. Pork flavor was added in 1976. In 1978, Nissin Foods offered more new varieties of Top Ramen and Cup O' Noodles. The product was known as Cup O 'Noodles in the United States until 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Instant noodle", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, instant noodles were first available by Nissin Foods in 1971. In 1972, Nissin Foods introduced ``Nissin Cup Noodles ''in a foam food cup, which led to an upsurge in popularity. Soon after, many other competing companies were offering similar instant noodle products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Flora & Ulysses", "paragraph_text": "Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures is a children's novel by American author Kate DiCamillo and illustrated by K. G. Campbell, published in 2013 by Candlewick Press. It tells the story of Flora Belle and a squirrel named Ulysses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Portrait of Margaret van Eyck", "paragraph_text": "Portrait of Margaret van Eyck (or Margaret, the Artist's Wife) is a 1439 oil on wood painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck. It is one of the two latest of his surviving paintings, and one of the earliest European artworks to depict a painter's spouse. Completed when she was around 34, it was hung until the early 18th century in the Bruges chapel of the Guild of painters. The work is thought to be a pendant or diptych panel for either a now lost self-portrait known from records until 1769, or of Jan van Eyck's likely self-portrait now in the National Gallery in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United States v. One Book Called Ulysses", "paragraph_text": "United States v. One Book Called Ulysses was a December 6, 1933 case in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York dealing with freedom of expression. At issue was whether James Joyce's novel Ulysses was obscene. In deciding it was not, Judge John M. Woolsey opened the door to importation and publication of serious works of literature that used coarse language or involved sexual subjects.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse", "paragraph_text": "She married fellow artist John William Waterhouse at the parish church in Ealing, in 1883, and thereafter used the name Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse. Initially, they lived in a purpose built artistic colony in Primrose Hill, where the houses had studios. In around 1900, they moved to St John's Wood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ulysses Fossae", "paragraph_text": "The Ulysses Fossae are a group of troughs in the Tharsis quadrangle of Mars at 10.06° north latitude and 123.07° west longitude. They were named after an albedo feature name. The area contains pitted cones called Ulysses Colles which were interpreted to be possible Martian equivalents to terrestrial cinder cones.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ulysse Trélat", "paragraph_text": "Ulysse Trélat (13 August 1828, Paris – 28 March 1890) was a French surgeon remembered for describing the Leser–Trélat sign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kentucky Cup Classic Stakes", "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky Cup Classic Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually in late September as part of Kentucky Cup Day at Turfway Park in the Cincinnati, Ohio suburb of Florence, Kentucky. A Grade II event for three-year-olds and up, the Kentucky Cup Classic currently offers a purse of $170,000 and is set at a distance of miles on the dirt.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107965, "question": "The artwork Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses was by who?", "answer": "John William Waterhouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 166568, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Good Vibrations (Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch song)", "paragraph_text": "``Good Vibrations ''US commercial cassette single Single by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch featuring Loleatta Holloway from the album Music for the People B - side`` So What Chu Sayin'' Released July 16, 1991 Format 7 ''maxi CD Genre Pop - rap new jack swing hip hop eurodance Length 4: 25 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Donnie Wahlberg Mark Wahlberg Amir Quadeer Shakir Dan Hartman Producer (s) Donnie Wahlberg Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch singles chronology ``Good Vibrations'' (1991)`` Wildside ''(1991) ``Good Vibrations'' (1991)`` Wildside ''(1991) Loleatta Holloway singles chronology ``So Sweet'' (1987) So Sweet1987`` Good Vibrations ''(1991) Good Vibrations1991 ``Take Me Away'' (1992) Take Me Away1992", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Katherine Dieckmann", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Dieckmann is an American film and music video director known for her work with R.E.M. and the feature films \"Good Baby\" and \"Diggers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Moods (The Three Sounds album)", "paragraph_text": "Moods is an album by jazz group The Three Sounds released in 1961 on the Blue Note label. It was recorded the same day \"Feelin' Good\" was recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Good Move!", "paragraph_text": "Good Move! is the third album by American organist Freddie Roach recorded in 1963 and released on the Blue Note label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Take Offs and Landings", "paragraph_text": "Take Offs and Landings is Rilo Kiley's debut full-length album, originally released in 2001 under the vanity label \"Rilo Records,\" then shortly thereafter on the independent label Barsuk Records. It was released for the first time on vinyl on March 15, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Net realizable value", "paragraph_text": "Under IFRS, companies need to record the cost of their Ending Inventory at the lower of cost and NRV, to ensure that their inventory and income statement are not overstated (under ASPE, companies record the lower of cost and market value). For example, under IFRS, at a company's year end, if an unfinished good that already cost $25 is expected to sell for $100 to a customer, but it will take an additional $20 to complete and $10 to advertise to the customer, its NRV will be $100 - $20 - $10 = $70. In this year's income statement, since the cost of the good ($25) is less than its NRV ($70), the cost of the good will get recorded as the cost of inventory. In next year's income statement after the good was sold, this company will record a revenue of $100, Cost of Goods Sold of $25, and Cost of Completion and Disposal of $20 + $10 = $30. This leads to a profit of $100 - $25 - $30 = $45 on this transaction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Rubber Ball", "paragraph_text": "\"Rubber Ball\" was an early 1961 hit for Bobby Vee on Liberty Records. It was the record which made Vee an international star. The song was recorded on August 12, 1960, in a four-song, three-hour session at United in Hollywood. It was produced by a 19-year-old Texan, Thomas \"Snuff\" Garrett, arranged by Ernie Freeman, and was co-written at the Brill Building in New York by Gene Pitney, using his mother's maiden name (Orlowski), and by Aaron Schroeder. Veteran session drummer Earl Palmer played drums at the session.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye\" is a song written by Tony Martin and Troy Martin, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in December 1988 as the first single from the album \"Beyond the Blue Neon\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "...Baby One More Time (song)", "paragraph_text": "``... Baby One More Time ''Single by Britney Spears from the album... Baby One More Time B - side`` Autumn Goodbye'' Released September 30, 1998 Format Cassette single CD single 12 ''Recorded 1998; Cheiron Studios (Stockholm, Sweden) Genre Teen pop dance - pop Length 3: 31 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Max Martin Producer (s) Max Martin Rami Britney Spears singles chronology ``... Baby One More Time'' (1998)`` Sometimes ''(1999) ``... Baby One More Time'' (1998)`` Sometimes ''(1999) Music video ``... Baby One More Time'' on YouTube", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hey! Baby", "paragraph_text": "``Hey! Baby ''is a song written by Margaret Cobb and Bruce Channel, and recorded by Channel in 1961, first released on LeCam Records, a local Fort Worth, Texas label. After it hit, it was released on Smash Records for national distribution. He co-produced the song with Major Bill Smith (owner of LeCam) and released it on Mercury Records' Smash label. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, starting the week ending March 10, 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "'Bout Changes 'n' Things Take 2", "paragraph_text": "'Bout Changes 'n' Things Take 2 is a 1967 album by Eric Andersen and was released on the Vanguard Records label. It is nearly the same album as his previous release, with changes in the song sequencing and the addition of additional instruments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chuck Alaimo Quartet", "paragraph_text": "The Chuck Alaimo Quartet was an American rock music group from Rochester, New York who achieved some popularity in the 1950s. They were originally signed as one of the first artists on the new Ken Records label. When their recording of \"Leap Frog\" for Ken garnered industry notice, the recording was acquired by MGM Records, who subsequently signed the group and released further singes. \"Leap Frog\" was a saxohphone-led instrumental which charted on Billboard for a single week in April 1957, at position #92. This recording was listed as tenth most popular in Milwaukee in July of that year. Members of the group included Chuck Alaimo on sax, Bill Irvine on piano, Pat Magnolia on bass, and Tommy Rossi on drums. Billboard noted they \"(made) enough noise for a group twice their size\" and \"moves with a good beat and sound\" but noted weakness when covering others' songs. Although each member played an instrument, the outfit was not strictly an instrumental group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "For Goodness Sakes, Look at Those Cakes", "paragraph_text": "\"For Goodness Sakes, Look at Those Cakes\" is a song written and performed by James Brown. Released as an edited two-part single in 1978, it charted #52 R&B in 1979. A full-length version appears on the album \"Take a Look at Those Cakes\". Brown talks loudly and clearly in rhyme without only brief singing involved, this track being in part a precursor to the hip hop style which was yet to mount on record in a few years time. Robert Christgau described the song as \"a great throwaway--an eleven-minute rumination on ass-watching, including genuinely tasteless suggestions that Ray Charles and Stevie Wonder join the fun.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Take Good Care of My Baby", "paragraph_text": "``Take Good Care of My Baby ''is a song written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin. The song was made famous by Bobby Vee, when it was released in 1961.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "I'll Take Care of You (song)", "paragraph_text": "``I'll Take Care of You ''is a song written by Brook Benton and originally recorded by Bobby Bland in 1959. It reached number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "All That's Good", "paragraph_text": "All That's Good is the fifth album by American organist Freddie Roach recorded in 1964 and released on the Blue Note label. It was reissued on CD only in Japan, as a limited edition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Da' Take Over", "paragraph_text": "Da' Take Over is Angel & Khriz's third studio album. The album was released under VI Records label. It was released on March 23, 2010. It was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)", "paragraph_text": "``Why Me ''Single by Kris Kristofferson from the album Jesus Was a Capricorn B - side`` Help Me'' Released April 1973 Format 7 ''Recorded July 8, 1972 Genre Country gospel Length 3: 26 Label Monument Records 31909 Songwriter (s) Kris Kristofferson Producer (s) Fred Foster Kris Kristofferson singles chronology ``Jesse Younger'' (1972)`` Why Me ''(1973) ``A Song I'd Like to Sing'' (1973)`` Jesse Younger ''(1972) ``Why Me'' (1973)`` A Song I'd Like to Sing ''(1973)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Joe Galkin", "paragraph_text": "Joe Galkin was a Russian-born American record producer and musician, best known for his producing at Atlantic Records and his own Gerald Record label and work with Otis Redding and Phil Walden. It was Galkin who had seen the potential of Redding's \"Love Twist\" and purchased the masters to the song and had Atlantic release it and who persuaded Jim Stewart to permit Redding to record two songs, \"These Arms of Mine\" and \"Hey, Hey Baby\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Baby (MacLachlan novel)", "paragraph_text": "Baby is a 1995 novel by Patricia MacLachlan. It explores the themes of family and abandonment while offering a touching novel about a family who discovers a baby and has to care for it. With the baby, is a short note, explaining why the baby was left, and with brief information about her.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 87729, "question": "who sings take good care of my baby", "answer": "Bobby Vee", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 729660, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Liberty Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Mode", "paragraph_text": "The Mode is an album by American saxophonist Sonny Red recorded in 1961 with Grant Green and Barry Harris and released on the Jazzland label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Moods (The Three Sounds album)", "paragraph_text": "Moods is an album by jazz group The Three Sounds released in 1961 on the Blue Note label. It was recorded the same day \"Feelin' Good\" was recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "I'll Take Care of You (song)", "paragraph_text": "``I'll Take Care of You ''is a song written by Brook Benton and originally recorded by Bobby Bland in 1959. It reached number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye\" is a song written by Tony Martin and Troy Martin, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in December 1988 as the first single from the album \"Beyond the Blue Neon\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Baby (MacLachlan novel)", "paragraph_text": "Baby is a 1995 novel by Patricia MacLachlan. It explores the themes of family and abandonment while offering a touching novel about a family who discovers a baby and has to care for it. With the baby, is a short note, explaining why the baby was left, and with brief information about her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Blues Up & Down", "paragraph_text": "Blues Up & Down is an album by saxophonists Eddie \"Lockjaw\" Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 and released on the Jazzland label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Rubber Ball", "paragraph_text": "\"Rubber Ball\" was an early 1961 hit for Bobby Vee on Liberty Records. It was the record which made Vee an international star. The song was recorded on August 12, 1960, in a four-song, three-hour session at United in Hollywood. It was produced by a 19-year-old Texan, Thomas \"Snuff\" Garrett, arranged by Ernie Freeman, and was co-written at the Brill Building in New York by Gene Pitney, using his mother's maiden name (Orlowski), and by Aaron Schroeder. Veteran session drummer Earl Palmer played drums at the session.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chant (Donald Byrd album)", "paragraph_text": "Chant is an album by American trumpeter Donald Byrd recorded in 1961 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation", "paragraph_text": "Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation is the sixth album by jazz saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman, released on Atlantic Records in 1961, his fourth for the label. Its title established the name of the then-nascent free jazz movement. The recording session took place on December 21, 1960, at A&R Studios in New York City. The sole outtake from the album session, \"First Take,\" was later released on the 1971 compilation \"Twins\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Take Good Care of My Baby", "paragraph_text": "``Take Good Care of My Baby ''is a song written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin. The song was made famous by Bobby Vee, when it was released in 1961.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "It Might as Well Be Spring (Ike Quebec album)", "paragraph_text": "It Might as Well Be Spring is an album by American saxophonist Ike Quebec recorded in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Steppin' Out (Jack McDuff album)", "paragraph_text": "Steppin' Out is an album by organist Jack McDuff recorded between 1961 and 1966 and released on the Prestige label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hey! Baby", "paragraph_text": "``Hey! Baby ''is a song written by Margaret Cobb and Bruce Channel, and recorded by Channel in 1961, first released on LeCam Records, a local Fort Worth, Texas label. After it hit, it was released on Smash Records for national distribution. He co-produced the song with Major Bill Smith (owner of LeCam) and released it on Mercury Records' Smash label. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, starting the week ending March 10, 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Blue & Sentimental", "paragraph_text": "Blue & Sentimental is an album by American saxophonist Ike Quebec recorded in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Jimi Tenor", "paragraph_text": "Jimi Tenor (born Lassi O. T. Lehto, 1965 in Lahti, Finland) is a Finnish musician. His artist name is a combination of the first name of his youth idol Jimmy Osmond and the tenor saxophone. His band Jimi Tenor & His Shamans released its first album in 1988, whilst Tenor's first solo album appeared in 1994. \"Take Me Baby\" became his first hit in 1994. He has released albums on Sähkö Recordings, Warp Records and Kitty-Yo record labels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Good Move!", "paragraph_text": "Good Move! is the third album by American organist Freddie Roach recorded in 1963 and released on the Blue Note label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Slave Dimitrov", "paragraph_text": "Slave Dimitrov (, born June 1, 1946) is a Macedonian composer, singer and record producer. He composed and sang \"Chija si\" (Чија си), labeled as the \"song of the millennium\" in the Republic of Macedonia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "More Music from the Soil", "paragraph_text": "More Music from the Soil is an album by Ramsey Lewis' Trio featuring tracks recorded in 1961 and released on the Argo label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Abstract (album)", "paragraph_text": "Abstract is the third album by Jamaican saxophonist Joe Harriott recorded in England in 1961 and 1962 and released on the Capitol label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Happy Ground", "paragraph_text": "Happy Ground is the second album by American jazz vibraphonist Johnny Lytle which was recorded in 1961 for the Jazzland label. The album was later reissued on the Riverside label in 1963.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 71909, "question": "who sang take good care of my baby in 1961", "answer": "Bobby Vee", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 729660, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Liberty Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gmina Lubawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Lubawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It takes its name from the town of Lubawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The administrative seat of the gmina is the village of Fijewo, which lies close to Lubawa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gmina Kościan", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kościan is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Kościan, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gmina Jordanów", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gmina Bełchatów", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bani Walid District", "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gmina Ozorków", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gmina Sierpc", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Sierpc is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sierpc, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gmina Rejowiec Fabryczny", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Rejowiec Fabryczny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Rejowiec Fabryczny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gmina Suwałki", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Suwałki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Suwałki, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gmina Kłodzko", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kłodzko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kłodzko, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "WFQY", "paragraph_text": "WFQY (970 AM, \"\"BDay 99.1\"\"), is a classic hip hop radio station in Brandon, Mississippi, serving the Jackson, Mississippi area. WFQY is known on-air as \"BDay 99.1\" (after its translator frequency).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gmina Oława", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Oława is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Oława, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Gmina Kwidzyn", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kwidzyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kwidzyn, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gmina Chojnów", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Chojnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Chojnów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "States of Germany", "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gmina Grybów", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Grybów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Grybów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gmina Chełmno", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Chełmno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Chełmno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gmina Świdwin", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Świdwin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Świdwin, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gmina Lipno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Lipno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Lipno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Brandon, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Brandon is a city in Rankin County, Mississippi, United States. Brandon was incorporated December 19, 1831. The population was 21,705 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Rankin County. Brandon is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is located east of the state capital.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 128849, "question": "What town is WFQY liscensed in?", "answer": "Brandon", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 406512, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Rankin County", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Rankin County, Mississippi" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, which opened for the 2009 season. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell - outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold - out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Denver Broncos for second most Super Bowl appearances in history, just behind the New England Patriots record ten Super Bowl appearances. This has also corresponded to eight NFC championships, most in the NFC. The Cowboys have won five of those Super Bowl appearances, tying them with their NFC rivals, the San Francisco 49ers, and the AFC's Patriots; all three are second to Pittsburgh's record six Super Bowl championships. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (1966 -- 85), in which they only missed the playoffs twice (1974 and 1984), an NFL record that remains unchallenged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nándor Hidegkuti", "paragraph_text": "Nándor Hidegkuti (3 March 1922 – 14 February 2002) was a Hungarian football player and manager. He played as a forward or attacking midfielder and spent the majority of his playing career at MTK Hungária FC. During the 1950s he was also a key member of the Hungarian National Team team known as the Golden Team. Other members of the team included Ferenc Puskás, Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis and József Bozsik. In 1953, playing as a \"deep lying centre-forward\", he scored a hat-trick for Hungary when they beat England 6–3 at Wembley Stadium. Playing from deep, Hidegkuti was able to distribute the ball to the other attackers and cause considerable confusion to defenses. This was an innovation at the time and revolutionised the way the game was played.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chuck Howley", "paragraph_text": "Charles Louis Howley (born June 28, 1936) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys. Howley was a member of the Chicago Bears in his first two seasons and spent the remainder of his career with the Cowboys. He was named the MVP of Super Bowl V and is the only player on a losing team to receive the award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award", "paragraph_text": "Tom Brady is the only player to have won four Super Bowl MVP awards; Joe Montana has won three and three others -- Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning -- have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back - to - back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 29 times in 52 games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mike Williams (footballer, born 1969)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Anthony Williams (born 21 November 1969 in Bradford) is a professional footballer, who played for a number of teams during the 1990s, but is mostly remembered for his time at Sheffield Wednesday.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Anthony O'Riordan", "paragraph_text": "Anthony O'Riordan (born 1966 in Bruff, County Limerick, Ireland) is an Irish retired sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Bruff and was a member of the Limerick senior inter-county team from 1987 until 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mount Weaver", "paragraph_text": "Mount Weaver is a mountain standing 3 km west of Mount Wilbur at the head of the Scott Glacier, in the Queen Maud region of the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. Discovered and ascended in December 1934 by members of the Byrd AE geological party under Quin Blackburn. Named by them for Charles E. Weaver, professor of paleontology at the University of Washington.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4 -- 2 in regulation time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "John Roper (American football)", "paragraph_text": "John Alfred Roper (born October 4, 1965 in Houston, Texas) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears, Dallas Cowboys and the Philadelphia Eagles. He was on the Cowboys' Super Bowl XXVIII championship team that beat the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Texas A&M University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Governor's Cup (Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Governor's Cup (Texas) Dallas Cowboys Houston Texans First meeting 1965 Latest meeting October 7, 2018 Texans 19, Cowboys 16 Next meeting TBA Statistics All - time series Regular season: Cowboys lead Texans, 3 -- 2 Texans lead Cowboys, 8 -- 7 Cowboys lead Oilers, 18 -- 13 Largest victory Cowboys (over Texans): 34 -- 6 (October 15, 2006) Current win streak Texans: 2 wins", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Museum Het Leids Wevershuis", "paragraph_text": "Museum Het Leids Wevershuis consists of one of the last remaining \"weavers' homes\" (1560) in Leiden, Netherlands. The exterior, the large antique loom (1830) and the interior, are testimony of the once flourishing textile industry (and trade) around Leiden, in particular during the 16th and 17th century, when many home weavers supplied the draper's guild with high quality woolen cloth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2016 Green Bay Packers season", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Green Bay Packers season was their 98th season overall, 96th season in the National Football League, and the 11th under head coach Mike McCarthy. Despite a 4 - 6 start to the season, the Packers went on a 6 - game winning streak to finish the regular season with a 10 -- 6 record. The team clinched the NFC North for the fifth time in six years with their week 17 win over the Detroit Lions. They routed the fifth - seeded New York Giants 38 -- 13 in the wild card round of the playoffs and upset the top - seeded Dallas Cowboys 34 -- 31 in the divisional round of the playoffs, but their season came to an end when they were beat by the second - seeded Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship Game 44 -- 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kang Gee-eun", "paragraph_text": "Kang Gee-Eun (also \"Gang Ji-Eun\", ; born October 15, 1990 in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. She beat World Cup champion Yang Huan of China and two-time Olympian Yukie Nakayama of Japan for the gold medal in the women's trap at the 2012 Asian Shooting Championships in Doha, Qatar, accumulating a score of 93 clay pigeons. Kang is also a member of Korea Telecom Shooting Team, and is coached and trained by Song Nam-Jun.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Anthony Weaver", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Lee Weaver (born July 28, 1980) is an American football coach and former player who was defensive end and is currently the defensive line coach for the Houston Texans. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the second round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football for Notre Dame.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 World Cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations. The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of Cricket World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Raichur and New Zealand, was won by ((Australia national cricket team A, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Molly Weaver", "paragraph_text": "Molly Weaver (born 15 March 1994) is a British professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for British amateur team Orbea Racing Team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "T&TEC Sports Club", "paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Anthony Sweijs", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Ahasuerus Hendrik Sweijs (18 July 1852, Amsterdam - 30 September 1937, Rotterdam) was a Dutch sports shooter who competed in the early 20th century in pistol shooting. He participated in Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won a bronze medal with the Dutch pistol team.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 694936, "question": "Anthony Weaver >> member of sports team", "answer": "Texans", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 91422, "question": "how many times have the cowboys beat the #1", "answer": "7", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kang Gee-eun", "paragraph_text": "Kang Gee-Eun (also \"Gang Ji-Eun\", ; born October 15, 1990 in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. She beat World Cup champion Yang Huan of China and two-time Olympian Yukie Nakayama of Japan for the gold medal in the women's trap at the 2012 Asian Shooting Championships in Doha, Qatar, accumulating a score of 93 clay pigeons. Kang is also a member of Korea Telecom Shooting Team, and is coached and trained by Song Nam-Jun.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Governor's Cup (Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Governor's Cup (Texas) Dallas Cowboys Houston Texans First meeting 1965 Latest meeting October 7, 2018 Texans 19, Cowboys 16 Next meeting TBA Statistics All - time series Regular season: Cowboys lead Texans, 3 -- 2 Texans lead Cowboys, 8 -- 7 Cowboys lead Oilers, 18 -- 13 Largest victory Cowboys (over Texans): 34 -- 6 (October 15, 2006) Current win streak Texans: 2 wins", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lü Jiangang", "paragraph_text": "Lü Jiangang (; born 19 February 1979 in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese baseball player who was a member of Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He was the winning pitcher against Chinese Taipei, that was the Chinese Team's only win from the Olympics. He also pitched for China at the 2009 World Baseball Classic. He beat Chinese Taipei again in this tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "T&TEC Sports Club", "paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kabaddi", "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2016 Green Bay Packers season", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Green Bay Packers season was their 98th season overall, 96th season in the National Football League, and the 11th under head coach Mike McCarthy. Despite a 4 - 6 start to the season, the Packers went on a 6 - game winning streak to finish the regular season with a 10 -- 6 record. The team clinched the NFC North for the fifth time in six years with their week 17 win over the Detroit Lions. They routed the fifth - seeded New York Giants 38 -- 13 in the wild card round of the playoffs and upset the top - seeded Dallas Cowboys 34 -- 31 in the divisional round of the playoffs, but their season came to an end when they were beat by the second - seeded Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship Game 44 -- 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, which opened for the 2009 season. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell - outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold - out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Denver Broncos for second most Super Bowl appearances in history, just behind the New England Patriots record ten Super Bowl appearances. This has also corresponded to eight NFC championships, most in the NFC. The Cowboys have won five of those Super Bowl appearances, tying them with their NFC rivals, the San Francisco 49ers, and the AFC's Patriots; all three are second to Pittsburgh's record six Super Bowl championships. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (1966 -- 85), in which they only missed the playoffs twice (1974 and 1984), an NFL record that remains unchallenged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 World Cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations. The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2016 Dallas Cowboys season", "paragraph_text": "After losing their first game to the New York Giants, the Cowboys won 11 straight games. The streak ended with them losing again to the Giants in week 14, making this the first time since 2011 that the Giants would sweep the Cowboys. With division rivals Washington Redskins losing to the Arizona Cardinals in Week 13, the Cowboys clinched a playoff berth after missing the playoffs the previous year. Following the Giants' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 16, the Cowboys became NFC East champions for the second time in three years and clinched home field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2007. The 13 -- 3 record is tied for the best record in team history, which was also set in 1992 and 2007. But despite having the NFC's top seed as well as home - field advantage, the Cowboys lost in the divisional round of the playoffs to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 34 - 31, ending their season. This was also QB Tony Romo's last season in the NFL, as he announced his retirement on April 4, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chuck Howley", "paragraph_text": "Charles Louis Howley (born June 28, 1936) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys. Howley was a member of the Chicago Bears in his first two seasons and spent the remainder of his career with the Cowboys. He was named the MVP of Super Bowl V and is the only player on a losing team to receive the award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Curt Chaplin", "paragraph_text": "Chaplin provided a version of audio play-by-play for one of the most famous moments in American sports history—the Miracle on Ice hockey game during the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. The underdog United States national team defeated the Soviet Union national team 4-3 in the semifinal round, beating a team that had won six of the previous seven Olympic gold medals. Chaplin, in an interview, notes that he was assigned to cover the game as a sports reporter for ABC News Radio, not a play-by-play announcer. However, he thought the game might be significant and found a spot near a TV camera to stand and narrate the game into his cassette recorder. His call of the game is now part of an exhibit about the game at the Hockey Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nándor Hidegkuti", "paragraph_text": "Nándor Hidegkuti (3 March 1922 – 14 February 2002) was a Hungarian football player and manager. He played as a forward or attacking midfielder and spent the majority of his playing career at MTK Hungária FC. During the 1950s he was also a key member of the Hungarian National Team team known as the Golden Team. Other members of the team included Ferenc Puskás, Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis and József Bozsik. In 1953, playing as a \"deep lying centre-forward\", he scored a hat-trick for Hungary when they beat England 6–3 at Wembley Stadium. Playing from deep, Hidegkuti was able to distribute the ball to the other attackers and cause considerable confusion to defenses. This was an innovation at the time and revolutionised the way the game was played.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4 -- 2 in regulation time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cowboys–Eagles rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Cowboys -- Philadelphia Eagles Dallas Cowboys Philadelphia Eagles First meeting September 25, 1960 Philadelphia Eagles 27, Dallas Cowboys 25 Latest meeting November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Next meeting December 31, 2017 Statistics Meetings total 117 meetings (including playoffs) All - time series Cowboys lead 65 -- 52 Most recent November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Largest victory October 9, 1966 Dallas Cowboys 56, Philadelphia Eagles 7", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "paragraph_text": "The two teams met in the first regular season game the Cowboys ever played in 1960 (a 35 -- 28 loss to the Steelers), the first - ever regular season victory for the expansion Cowboys in 1961, and would later meet in three Super Bowls, all of them closely contested events. The Steelers - Cowboys is to date the Super Bowl matchup with the most contests. The Steelers won Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIII; both games were decided in the final seconds, first on a last - second throw by Roger Staubach, then as a fourth - quarter rally by Dallas fell short on an onside kick. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX in January 1996. It is said that the rivalry was fueled in the 1970s due to the stark contrast of the teams: the Cowboys, being more of a ``flashy ''team with Roger Staubach's aerial attack and the`` flex'' Doomsday Defense; while the Steelers were more of a ``blue - collar ''team with a strong running game and the 1970s-esque Steel Curtain defense, a contrast that still exists today. In addition, both teams have national fan bases rivaled by few NFL teams, and both come from areas with a strong following for football at all levels. Dallas leads the all - time series 16 -- 15 including the playoffs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award", "paragraph_text": "Tom Brady is the only player to have won four Super Bowl MVP awards; Joe Montana has won three and three others -- Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning -- have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back - to - back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 29 times in 52 games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Zac Diles", "paragraph_text": "He was also a member of the St. Louis Rams, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Indianapolis Colts, Kansas City Chiefs, and the Houston Texans.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John Roper (American football)", "paragraph_text": "John Alfred Roper (born October 4, 1965 in Houston, Texas) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears, Dallas Cowboys and the Philadelphia Eagles. He was on the Cowboys' Super Bowl XXVIII championship team that beat the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Texas A&M University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tomas Mezera", "paragraph_text": "Tomas Mezera (born 5 November 1958 in Czechoslovakia) is a naturalised Australian racing driver. Mezera won the 1988 Bathurst 1000, and for many years was a member of the Holden Racing Team as both a driver and team manager. Mezera's sporting career began as a downhill skier in his native Czechoslovakia, before he emigrated to Australia to be a ski instructor. Mezera retired from racing in 2004 but continues to hold roles in motorsport, most recently as a driving standards advisor to several domestic motor racing championships.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 533517, "question": "Zac Diles >> member of sports team", "answer": "Texans", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 91422, "question": "how many times have the cowboys beat the #1", "answer": "7", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kabaddi", "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Kang Gee-eun", "paragraph_text": "Kang Gee-Eun (also \"Gang Ji-Eun\", ; born October 15, 1990 in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. She beat World Cup champion Yang Huan of China and two-time Olympian Yukie Nakayama of Japan for the gold medal in the women's trap at the 2012 Asian Shooting Championships in Doha, Qatar, accumulating a score of 93 clay pigeons. Kang is also a member of Korea Telecom Shooting Team, and is coached and trained by Song Nam-Jun.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nándor Hidegkuti", "paragraph_text": "Nándor Hidegkuti (3 March 1922 – 14 February 2002) was a Hungarian football player and manager. He played as a forward or attacking midfielder and spent the majority of his playing career at MTK Hungária FC. During the 1950s he was also a key member of the Hungarian National Team team known as the Golden Team. Other members of the team included Ferenc Puskás, Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis and József Bozsik. In 1953, playing as a \"deep lying centre-forward\", he scored a hat-trick for Hungary when they beat England 6–3 at Wembley Stadium. Playing from deep, Hidegkuti was able to distribute the ball to the other attackers and cause considerable confusion to defenses. This was an innovation at the time and revolutionised the way the game was played.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dally M Medal", "paragraph_text": "Medals Player Team Seasons Johnathan Thurston North Queensland Cowboys 2005, 2007, 2014, 2015 Andrew Johns Newcastle Knights 1998, 1999, 2002 Michael Potter Canterbury - Bankstown Bulldogs, St George Dragons 1984, 1991 Peter Sterling Parramatta Eels 1986, 1987 Gavin Miller Cronulla - Sutherland Sharks 1988, 1989 Cliff Lyons Manly - Warringah Sea Eagles 1990, 1994 Cameron Smith Melbourne Storm 2006, 2017 Jarryd Hayne Parramatta Eels 2009, 2014 Cooper Cronk Melbourne Storm 2013, 2016", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Johnathan Joseph", "paragraph_text": "Johnathan Lee Joseph (born April 16, 1984) is an American football cornerback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Carolina, and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2016 Green Bay Packers season", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Green Bay Packers season was their 98th season overall, 96th season in the National Football League, and the 11th under head coach Mike McCarthy. Despite a 4 - 6 start to the season, the Packers went on a 6 - game winning streak to finish the regular season with a 10 -- 6 record. The team clinched the NFC North for the fifth time in six years with their week 17 win over the Detroit Lions. They routed the fifth - seeded New York Giants 38 -- 13 in the wild card round of the playoffs and upset the top - seeded Dallas Cowboys 34 -- 31 in the divisional round of the playoffs, but their season came to an end when they were beat by the second - seeded Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship Game 44 -- 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Governor's Cup (Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Governor's Cup (Texas) Dallas Cowboys Houston Texans First meeting 1965 Latest meeting October 7, 2018 Texans 19, Cowboys 16 Next meeting TBA Statistics All - time series Regular season: Cowboys lead Texans, 3 -- 2 Texans lead Cowboys, 8 -- 7 Cowboys lead Oilers, 18 -- 13 Largest victory Cowboys (over Texans): 34 -- 6 (October 15, 2006) Current win streak Texans: 2 wins", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chuck Howley", "paragraph_text": "Charles Louis Howley (born June 28, 1936) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys. Howley was a member of the Chicago Bears in his first two seasons and spent the remainder of his career with the Cowboys. He was named the MVP of Super Bowl V and is the only player on a losing team to receive the award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4 -- 2 in regulation time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cowboys–Steelers rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Steelers have remained competitive since and have won two more Super Bowls (Super Bowl XL, Super Bowl XLIII) and losing one (Super Bowl XLV) while the Cowboys have not been back to the Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXX and have won only three playoff games from 1996 onward. The two teams have only met four times since the 1998 NFL season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys in the first two games, winning 24 -- 20 in 2004 and 20 -- 13 in 2008. The Cowboys then defeated the Steelers in 2012 by a 27 -- 24 margin in overtime and again in 2016 by a 35 -- 30 margin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award", "paragraph_text": "Tom Brady is the only player to have won four Super Bowl MVP awards; Joe Montana has won three and three others -- Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning -- have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back - to - back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 29 times in 52 games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 World Cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations. The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Johnathan Thurston", "paragraph_text": "Johnathan Thurston started his career at the Canterbury - Bankstown Bulldogs in 2002, where he won the 2004 NRL premiership, before moving to the North Queensland Cowboys in 2005, playing in that year's grand final. In that year, he made his debut for Queensland, before making his Australian debut in 2006. He was the 2008 Wally Lewis medalist for State of Origin player of the series. Also in 2008, he was named as halfback of the Australian Aboriginal team of the century. Thurston was the only player to play in all 24 games of Queensland's eight - year State of Origin winning streak from 2006, having played 36 consecutive Origin matches to date since his debut in 2005. Thurston broke the record for most points in State of Origin history during the 2015 State of Origin Series. Also in 2015, Thurston co-captained the North Queensland Cowboys, along with team mate Matt Scott, to their inaugural NRL Premiership. He was also the 2015 Clive Churchill Medallist for Grand Final man of the match. In the 2015 NRL Grand Final Thurston captained the team leading them to victory against the Brisbane Broncos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "T&TEC Sports Club", "paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "John Roper (American football)", "paragraph_text": "John Alfred Roper (born October 4, 1965 in Houston, Texas) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears, Dallas Cowboys and the Philadelphia Eagles. He was on the Cowboys' Super Bowl XXVIII championship team that beat the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Texas A&M University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2015 NRL Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership - deciding game of the 2015 NRL season and was played on Sunday 4 October at Sydney's ANZ Stadium between the Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys. North Queensland won the match 17 -- 16 in golden point extra time, claiming their first premiership title in their twentieth year of competition. Due to its dramatic ending, the match has been regarded as one of the greatest grand finals in rugby league history, drawing comparisons with the 1989 NSWRL Grand Final and the 1997 ARL Grand Final. Cowboys co-captain Johnathan Thurston, who kicked the winning field goal for his team, was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal as the best player on the ground. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by Australian rock band Cold Chisel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "paragraph_text": "The two teams met in the first regular season game the Cowboys ever played in 1960 (a 35 -- 28 loss to the Steelers), the first - ever regular season victory for the expansion Cowboys in 1961, and would later meet in three Super Bowls, all of them closely contested events. The Steelers - Cowboys is to date the Super Bowl matchup with the most contests. The Steelers won Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIII; both games were decided in the final seconds, first on a last - second throw by Roger Staubach, then as a fourth - quarter rally by Dallas fell short on an onside kick. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX in January 1996. It is said that the rivalry was fueled in the 1970s due to the stark contrast of the teams: the Cowboys, being more of a ``flashy ''team with Roger Staubach's aerial attack and the`` flex'' Doomsday Defense; while the Steelers were more of a ``blue - collar ''team with a strong running game and the 1970s-esque Steel Curtain defense, a contrast that still exists today. In addition, both teams have national fan bases rivaled by few NFL teams, and both come from areas with a strong following for football at all levels. Dallas leads the all - time series 16 -- 15 including the playoffs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cowboys–Eagles rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Cowboys -- Philadelphia Eagles Dallas Cowboys Philadelphia Eagles First meeting September 25, 1960 Philadelphia Eagles 27, Dallas Cowboys 25 Latest meeting November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Next meeting December 31, 2017 Statistics Meetings total 117 meetings (including playoffs) All - time series Cowboys lead 65 -- 52 Most recent November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Largest victory October 9, 1966 Dallas Cowboys 56, Philadelphia Eagles 7", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, which opened for the 2009 season. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell - outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold - out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Denver Broncos for second most Super Bowl appearances in history, just behind the New England Patriots record ten Super Bowl appearances. This has also corresponded to eight NFC championships, most in the NFC. The Cowboys have won five of those Super Bowl appearances, tying them with their NFC rivals, the San Francisco 49ers, and the AFC's Patriots; all three are second to Pittsburgh's record six Super Bowl championships. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (1966 -- 85), in which they only missed the playoffs twice (1974 and 1984), an NFL record that remains unchallenged.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 863824, "question": "Johnathan Joseph >> member of sports team", "answer": "Texans", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 91422, "question": "how many times have the cowboys beat the #1", "answer": "7", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rich Rieker", "paragraph_text": "Rieker spent thirteen seasons as a minor league umpire. Rieker made major league appearances as early as 1992 and he joined the National League full-time in 1996, after the death of John McSherry. Rieker worked throughout both major leagues in 2000 and 2001. He wore uniform number 16 during his National League career, then switched to number 38 after the National League and American League umpiring staffs merged in 2000.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 476225, "question": "Rich Rieker >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", "paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie inbetween the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Andy Olsen", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Holger Olsen (November 30, 1930 - May 23, 2014) is a former professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1968 to 1980, wearing uniform number 12 for most of his career. Olsen umpired 1,860 major league games in his 13-year career. He umpired in the 1974 World Series, three League Championship Series (1971, 1975, and 1978) and the 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Olsen also played in the minor leagues from to , as a pitcher.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 758384, "question": "Andy Olsen >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hal Dixon (umpire)", "paragraph_text": "Hal Hayworth Dixon (July 7, 1920 – July 28, 1966) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1953 to 1959. He umpired in the 1959 World Series and the 1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 771154, "question": "Hal Dixon >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Peter McLaughlin (umpire)", "paragraph_text": "Peter Joseph McLaughlin (May 16, 1884 - December 8, 1959) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1924 to 1927. McLaughlin umpired 447 major league games in his four-year career. He also umpired in the Eastern League.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", "paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie inbetween the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 489283, "question": "Peter McLaughlin >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bill Engeln", "paragraph_text": "William Raymond Engeln (September 9, 1898 – April 17, 1968) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1952 to 1956. Engeln was the right field umpire in the 1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In his career, he umpired 749 major league games.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Seventh-inning stretch", "paragraph_text": "There is no certain date when the tradition began, but the practice gained exceptional notoriety from broadcaster Harry Caray. Caray would sing the song to himself in the broadcast booth during the stretch while a play - by - play announcer for the Chicago White Sox. After hearing him sing one day, White Sox owner Bill Veeck Jr., the famed baseball promoter, had Caray's microphone turned on so that the ballpark could hear him sing. When Caray moved into the Chicago Cubs broadcast booth, he continued the practice, sparking what has become a Cubs tradition by regularly leading the crowd in singing the song in every seventh - inning stretch. Since his death, the Cubs have invited various celebrities to lead the crowd during the stretch, including James Belushi, John Cusack, Mike Ditka, Michael J. Fox, Bill Murray, Dan Patrick, Ozzy Osbourne, Eddie Vedder, Mr. T and Billy Corgan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "paragraph_text": "2016 National League Championship Series Teams Team (Wins) Manager Season Chicago Cubs (4) Joe Maddon 103 -- 58,. 640, 17.5 GA Los Angeles Dodgers (2) Dave Roberts 91 -- 71,. 562, 4 GA Dates October 15 -- 22 MVP Javier Báez and Jon Lester (Chicago) Umpires Ted Barrett, Gary Cederstrom, Eric Cooper, Ángel Hernández, Alfonso Márquez, Paul Nauert and Bill Welke. NLDS Chicago Cubs beat San Francisco Giants (3 -- 1) Los Angeles Dodgers beat Washington Nationals (3 -- 2) Broadcast Television FS1 (English) Fox Deportes (Spanish) TV announcers Joe Buck, John Smoltz, Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci (English) Carlos Álvarez and Duaner Sánchez (Spanish) Radio ESPN (English) ESPN Deportes (Spanish) Radio announcers Dan Shulman and Aaron Boone (English) Eduardo Ortega, José Francisco Rivera, and Orlando Hernández (Spanish) ← 2015 NLCS 2017 → 2016 World Series", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 769307, "question": "Bill Engeln >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pennant's colobus", "paragraph_text": "Pennant's colobus was first described in 1838 by George Robert Waterhouse, curator at the Zoological Society of London's museum, and was named in honour of the naturalist and traveller Thomas Pennant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", "paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie inbetween the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1975, a group of Chicago Cubs fans based in Washington, D.C. formed the Emil Verban Society. The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans, currently headed by Illinois Senator Dick Durbin which is named for Emil Verban, who in three seasons with the Cubs in the 1940s batted .280 with 39 runs batted in and one home run. Verban was picked as the epitome of a Cub player, explains columnist George Will, because \"He exemplified mediocrity under pressure, he was competent but obscure and typifying of the work ethics.\" Verban initially believed he was being ridiculed, but his ill feeling disappeared several years later when he was flown to Washington to meet President Ronald Reagan, also a society member, at the White House. Hillary Clinton, Jim Belushi, Joe Mantegna, Rahm Emanuel, Dick Cheney and many others have been included among its membership.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "1935 Detroit Tigers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "George Magerkurth", "paragraph_text": "George Levi Magerkurth (December 30, 1888 – October 7, 1966) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1929 to 1947. Magerkurth umpired 2,814 major league games in his 19-year career. He umpired in four World Series (1932, 1936, 1942 and 1947) and two All-Star Games (1935 and 1939). Magerkurth also played in one game for the Rock Island Independents of the American Professional Football Association in 1920. Magerkurth started out as a minor league catcher, getting trials Hannibal, Rockford, and Duluth in 1907 and 1908. He played for the Kearney Kapitalists in 1910-1911. After working in a factory job, he played football for the Rock Island Independents in 1920 and became a minor league umpire in 1922. Magerkurth umped in the Mississippi Valley League in 1922 and the International League in 1923. He also worked in the American Association and Pacific Coast League before moving up to the NL in 1929. After leaving the NL, Magerkurth umped in some college semi-pro games, and was a baseball commentator for a Moline, IL TV station.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 814946, "question": "George Magerkurth >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs qualified for the postseason by winning the National League Central, ending the regular season with the best record in the major leagues (103 -- 58) for the first time since 1945; they also posted their highest winning percentage since 1935, and won their most games since 1910. The division title was their sixth since division play began in 1969, and their first since 2008. They defeated the San Francisco Giants in four games of the NL Division Series before clinching their first NL pennant since 1945 with a sixth - game victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL Championship Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Washington Nationals", "paragraph_text": "Washington Nationals 2018 Washington Nationals season Established in 1969 Based in Washington, D.C. since 2005 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations National League (1969 -- present) East Division (1969 -- present) Current uniform Retired numbers 42 (as Montreal Expos: 8, 10, 10, 30) Colors Red, white, blue Name Washington Nationals (2005 -- present) Montreal Expos (1969 -- 2004) Other nicknames Nats Ballpark Nationals Park (2008 -- present) Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (2005 -- 2007) a.k.a. RFK Stadium Olympic Stadium (1977 -- 2004) Hiram Bithorn Stadium (2003 -- 2004) Jarry Park Stadium (1969 -- 1976) Major league titles World Series titles (0) None NL Pennants (0) None East Division titles (5) 1981 2012 2014 2016 2017 Front office Owner (s) Ted Lerner Manager Dave Martinez General Manager Mike Rizzo President of Baseball Operations Mike Rizzo", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues, which also includes the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). In fact, the Cubs' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed, and even the Cubs' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA. The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships. It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as \"The Lovable Losers.\" The team was one win away from breaking what is often called the \"Curse of the Billy Goat\" in 1984 and 2003 (Steve Bartman incident), but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", "paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie inbetween the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Scott Downs", "paragraph_text": "Scott Jeremy Downs (born March 17, 1976) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs, Montreal Expos, Toronto Blue Jays, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Atlanta Braves, and Chicago White Sox. He has been a starter, reliever and closer during his baseball career.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "St. Louis Cardinals", "paragraph_text": "One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says \"Eamus Catuli!\" which is Latin for \"Let's Go Cubs!\" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chicago Riot", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Riot was an indoor soccer team that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League. They were based in Villa Park, Illinois, near Chicago, and they played their home games at the Odeum Expo Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Boots Day", "paragraph_text": "A native of Ilion, New York, Day played Major League Baseball for all or parts of six seasons (1969–74), with the bulk of that time spent with the Montreal Expos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Exhibition game", "paragraph_text": "Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Washington Nationals", "paragraph_text": "Washington Nationals 2017 Washington Nationals season Established in 1969 Based in Washington, D.C. since 2005 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations National League (1969 -- present) East Division (1969 -- present) Current uniform Retired numbers 42 (as Montreal Expos: 8 10 10 30) Colors Red, navy blue, white Name Washington Nationals (2005 -- present) Montreal Expos (1969 -- 2004) Other nicknames Nats Ballpark Nationals Park (2008 -- present) Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (2005 -- 2007) a.k.a. RFK Stadium Olympic Stadium (1977 -- 2004) Hiram Bithorn Stadium (2003 -- 2004) Jarry Park Stadium (1969 -- 1976) Major league titles World Series titles (0) None NL Pennants (0) None East Division titles (5) 1981 2012 2014 2016 2017 Front office Owner (s) Ted Lerner Manager Dusty Baker General Manager Mike Rizzo President of Baseball Operations Mike Rizzo", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 26647, "question": "What league are the Montreal Expos in?", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "paragraph_text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports - related curse supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, ``Them Cubs, they ai n't gon na win no more, ''which had been interpreted to mean that either the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, or that they would never again win a World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes \"Anson's Colts\", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the \"Orphans\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai \"Three-Finger\" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the \"Hitless Wonders\" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "After finishing last in the NL Central with 66 wins in 2006, the Cubs re-tooled and went from \"worst to first\" in 2007. In the offseason they signed Alfonso Soriano to a contract at 8 years for $136 million, and replaced manager Dusty Baker with fiery veteran manager Lou Piniella. After a rough start, which included a brawl between Michael Barrett and Carlos Zambrano, the Cubs overcame the Milwaukee Brewers, who had led the division for most of the season, with winning streaks in June and July, coupled with a pair of dramatic, late-inning wins against the Reds, and ultimately clinched the NL Central with a record of 85–77. The Cubs traded Barrett to the Padres, and later acquired Jason Kendall from Oakland. Kendall was highly successful with his management of the pitching rotation and helped at the plate as well. By September, Geovany Soto became the full-time starter behind the plate, replacing the veteran Kendall. They met Arizona in the NLDS, but controversy followed as Piniella, in a move that has since come under scrutiny, pulled Carlos Zambrano after the sixth inning of a pitcher's duel with D-Backs ace Brandon Webb, to \"....save Zambrano for (a potential) Game 4.\" The Cubs, however, were unable to come through, losing the first game and eventually stranding over 30 baserunners in a 3-game Arizona sweep.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying \"10,000\" in blue, along with the customary \"W\" flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Go, Cubs, Go", "paragraph_text": "In the first week of October 2007, it was the most popular folk music digital download on iTunes. With the Cubs in playoff contention for the first time in three years, the Cubs' victory tune, Go Cubs Go! became more popular among the fans. Due to the song's growing popularity, after wins at home, Cubs TV broadcasters Len Kasper and Bob Brenly would have their microphones shut off, while the camera pans around the stadium to view the jubilant fans singing Go Cubs Go! playing in the background. During that season, it was known as the unofficial Chicago Cubs victory song and it was played at Wrigley Field after each Cubs victory. There were 44 such victories during the 2007 regular season. On October 5, 2007, Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared the day ``Steve Goodman Day ''throughout the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cubs–White Sox rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cubs -- White Sox rivalry Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester throws a pitch in the 1906 World Series. Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox First meeting June 16, 1997, Comiskey Park (II) Latest meeting July 27, 2017, Guaranteed Rate Field Next meeting May 11, 2018, Wrigley Field Statistics Meetings total 112 Most wins White Sox, 58 Regular season series 58 -- 54, White Sox Largest victory 12 -- 2, White Sox (June 24, 2005) Longest win streak Cubs: 6 (June 22, 2007 -- June 22, 2008) White Sox: 5 (June 27, 2009 -- June 12, 2010) Current win streak Cubs: 3 Post-season history 1906 World Series: White Sox, 4 -- 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sloan Park", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", "paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie inbetween the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Steve Bartman incident", "paragraph_text": "During a Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason game played between the Chicago Cubs and the Florida Marlins on October 14, 2003, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, spectator Steve Bartman disrupted the game by intercepting a potential catch. The incident occurred in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the National League Championship Series (NLCS), with Chicago ahead 3 -- 0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series. Moisés Alou attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo. Bartman reached for the ball, deflected it, and disrupted the potential catch. If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945. Instead, the Cubs ended up surrendering eight runs in the inning and losing the game, 8 -- 3. When they were eliminated in the seventh game the next day, the incident was seen as the ``first domino ''in the turning point of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dusty Boggess", "paragraph_text": "Lynton Ross \"Dusty\" Boggess (June 7, 1904 – July 8, 1968) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1944 to 1962. He umpired in four World Series and in four All-Star Games.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 822362, "question": "Dusty Boggess >> employer", "answer": "National League", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 18120, "question": "While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many #1 pennants did they win?", "answer": "six", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kim Jong-il", "paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hyon Chol-hae", "paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kim Yong-ju", "paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Adolescence", "paragraph_text": "During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Defilada", "paragraph_text": "Defilada (\"The Parade\") is a Polish 1989 documentary by Andrzej Fidyk. It focused on the cult of personality in North Korea, and was shot in 1988 on the 40th anniversary of the state's founding by Kim Il-sung. Despite its anti-totalitarian message, it has received praise from North Korea itself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Keren Hadar", "paragraph_text": "Keren Hadar is a crossover soprano from Israel. She was born in Neve Ne'eman in the Hod HaSharon municipality. She is the third of four siblings. Keren's father, a businessman, was born in Israel and her mother, a secretary, was born in Yemen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "U Tong-chuk", "paragraph_text": "According to official North Korean state media, U graduated from Kim Il-sung University with a philosophy degree. He later served in a number of minor posts in the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea before being moved to a leading position in the Ministry of State Security (or State Security Department) in the 1990s. He was promoted to colonel-general, member of the National Defence Commission, and first vice-minister of State Security in 2009. This put him in charge of the ministry and gave him access to the country's top echelon, as the ministry was reportedly under Kim Jong-il directly, and he accompanied Kim Jong-il on a number of tours and official events, including a dinner with former US President Bill Clinton. On 28 September 2010, the 3rd Party Conference elevated him to member of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission; the day before he had been promoted to general of the Korean People's Army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Michelle Branch", "paragraph_text": "Branch was born on July 2, 1983, in Sedona, Arizona, to David and Peggy Branch. Her father is Irish, and her mother is of Dutch-Indonesian (\"Indo\") and French descent. Her siblings include an older half-brother named David and a younger sister named Nicole.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chinese characters", "paragraph_text": "After Kim Jong Il, the second ruler of North Korea, died in December 2011, Kim Jong Un stepped up and began mandating the use of Hanja as a source of definition for the Korean language. Currently, it is said that North Korea teaches around 3,000 Hanja characters to North Korean students, and in some cases, the characters appear within advertisements and newspapers. However, it is also said that the authorities implore students not to use the characters in public. Due to North Korea's strict isolationism, accurate reports about hanja use in North Korea are hard to obtain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kim André Madsen", "paragraph_text": "Kim André Madsen (born 12 March 1989) is a Norwegian footballer who currently plays for Asker. He is also the assistant coach. He came for FC Lyn Oslo before the 2009 season, and has also been on loan at Nybergsund IL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il - sung called for a Korea - wide election on 5 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South as a peace overture that Rhee rejected outright. On 21 June, Kim Il - Sung revised his war plan to involve a general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kim Jong-un", "paragraph_text": "Scarce information on Kim Jong - un's early life comes from North Korean defectors and people who have claimed to witness him abroad, such as during his school attendance in Switzerland. Some of the information has been conflicting and contradictory, perhaps confusing him with his brother, Kim Jong - chul, who also attended school in Switzerland around the same time. Nevertheless, there has been some consensus on information about his early life. North Korean authorities have stated that his birthdate is 8 January 1982, but South Korean intelligence officials believe the actual date is a year later. Former basketball star Dennis Rodman said that the birthdate is 8 January 1983 after meeting Kim in September 2013 in North Korea. Kim Jong - Un was the second of three children Ko Yong - hui bore to Kim Jong - il; his elder brother Kim Jong - chul was born in 1981, while his younger sister, Kim Yo - jong, is believed to have been born in 1987.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kim Jong-nam", "paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-nam was born 10 May 1971 in Pyongyang, North Korea, to Song Hye-rim, one of three women known to have had children with Kim Jong-il. Because Kim Jong-il aimed to keep his affair with Song a secret due to the disapproval of his father Kim Il-sung, he initially kept Jong-nam out of school, instead sending him to live with Song's older sister Song Hye-rang, who tutored him at home. North Korea Leadership Watch says he left North Korea to visit his grandmother in Moscow, Soviet Union, and spent his childhood at international schools in both Russia and Switzerland until returning to his home country in 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paek Se-yun", "paragraph_text": "Paek Se-yun, sometimes written Paek Se-yoon, is the president of North Korea's Korea Computer Company. He has served in that capacity since 2000. In the same year, he was awarded the Order of Kim Il-sung. Paek has also been an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1988. He was a delegate to the ninth Supreme People's Assembly, 1990-1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Kim Il-chol", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Pyongyang in 1933. He graduated from Mangyongdae Revolutionary School and the \"Soviet Union Naval Academy\". Although the North Korean army mainly depends on ground troops, Admiral Kim who was commander of the Korean People's Navy since 1982 was installed in the highest military position of the head of the Minister of the People's Armed Forces in 1998, filling a vacancy left by Choe Kwang, who died in February 1997, something that indicated that he was fully trusted by Kim Jong-il. Kim Il-chol participated as a senior delegate in the inter-Korean Defense Minister’s meeting held for the first time since the division of the Korean peninsula in September 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kim Pyong-il", "paragraph_text": "Kim Pyong-il (; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il-sung. He is the current ambassador of North Korea to the Czech Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lord Augustus FitzClarence", "paragraph_text": "Lord Augustus FitzClarence (1 March 1805 – 14 June 1854), was the youngest illegitimate son of William IV of the United Kingdom and his long-time mistress Dorothea Jordan. Like his siblings, he had little contact with his mother after his parents separated in 1811.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 558308, "question": "Kim Pyong-il >> sibling", "answer": "Kim Jong-il", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 134798, "question": "Who is the mother of #1 ?", "answer": "Kim Jong-suk", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of Grand Slam men's singles champions", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Total Years Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open Roger Federer 20 2003 -- 2018 6 8 5 Rafael Nadal 17 2005 -- 2018 11 Pete Sampras 14 1990 -- 2002 0 7 5 Novak Djokovic 13 2008 -- 2018 6 5 Roy Emerson 12 1961 -- 1967 6 6 Rod Laver 11 1960 -- 1969 Björn Borg 11 1974 -- 1981 0 6 5 0 8 Bill Tilden 10 1920 -- 1930 0 0 7 9 Fred Perry 8 1933 -- 1936 Ken Rosewall 8 1953 -- 1972 0 Jimmy Connors 8 1974 -- 1983 0 5 Ivan Lendl 8 1984 -- 1990 0 Andre Agassi 8 1992 -- 2003 14 Richard Sears 7 1881 -- 1887 0 0 0 7 William Renshaw 7 1881 -- 1889 0 0 7 0 William Larned 7 1901 -- 1911 0 0 0 7 René Lacoste 7 1925 -- 1929 0 Henri Cochet 7 1926 -- 1932 0 John Newcombe 7 1967 -- 1975 0 John McEnroe 7 1979 -- 1984 0 0 Mats Wilander 7 1982 -- 1988 0 22 Laurence Doherty 6 1902 -- 1906 0 0 5 Tony Wilding 6 1906 -- 1913 0 0 Jack Crawford 6 1931 -- 1935 0 Don Budge 6 1937 -- 1938 Stefan Edberg 6 1985 -- 1992 0 Boris Becker 6 1985 -- 1996 0 28 Frank Sedgman 5 1949 -- 1952 0 Tony Trabert 5 1953 -- 1955 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of Grand Slam women's singles champions", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Total Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open Margaret Court 24 11 5 5 Serena Williams 23 7 7 6 Steffi Graf 22 6 7 5 Helen Wills Moody 19 0 8 7 5 Chris Evert 18 7 6 = Martina Navratilova 18 9 7 Billie Jean King 12 6 8 Maureen Connolly 9 = / / Monica Seles 9 0 10 Suzanne Lenglen 8 0 6 0 = / Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 8 0 0 0 8 12 Dorothea Lambert Chambers 7 0 0 7 0 = Maria Bueno 7 0 0 = Evonne Goolagong 7 0 = Justine Henin 7 0 = Venus Williams 7 0 0 5 17 Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6 0 0 6 0 = Margaret Osborne 6 0 = Nancye Wynne Bolton 6 6 0 0 0 = Louise Brough 6 0 = Doris Hart 6 22 Lottie Dod 5 0 0 5 0 = Charlotte Cooper Sterry 5 0 0 5 0 = Daphne Akhurst 5 5 0 0 0 = Helen Jacobs 5 0 0 = Alice Marble 5 0 0 = Pauline Betz 5 0 0 = Althea Gibson 5 0 = Martina Hingis 5 0 = Maria Sharapova 5", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of the Pakistani cricket team", "paragraph_text": "World Cup record Year Round Position GP NR England 1975 Round 1 5 / 8 0 0 England 1979 Semi-finals 4 / 8 0 0 England 1983 Semi-finals 4 / 8 7 0 0 India and Pakistan 1987 Semi-finals 3 / 8 7 5 0 0 Australia and New Zealand 1992 Champions 1 / 9 10 6 0 India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1996 Quarter - finals 6 / 12 6 0 0 England and Netherlands 1999 Runners - Up 2 / 12 10 7 0 0 South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya 2003 Round 1 10 / 14 6 0 West Indies 2007 Round 1 10 / 16 0 0 India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh 2011 Semi-finals 3 / 14 8 6 0 0 Australia and New Zealand 2015 Quarter - finals 5 / 14 7 0 0 England 2019 - -- -- -- -- -- -- India 2023 - -- -- -- -- -- -- Total 11 / 11 1 Title 71 40 29 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Games Sports Men Women Total Change Gold Silver Bronze Total Change 1900 0 NA 0 0 NA 1920 6 0 6 + 5 0 0 0 0 − 2 1924 13 15 + 8 0 0 0 0 0 1928 21 0 21 + 7 0 0 + 1 1932 30 0 30 + 9 0 0 0 1936 3 -- 4 27 0 27 − 3 0 0 0 1948 10 79 0 79 + 52 0 0 0 1952 11 60 64 − 15 0 + 1 1956 8 58 59 − 5 0 0 − 1 1960 6 45 0 45 − 14 0 0 0 1964 8 52 53 + 8 0 0 0 1968 5 25 0 25 − 28 0 0 0 1972 7 40 41 + 16 0 0 0 1976 20 0 20 − 21 0 0 0 0 − 1 1980 58 18 76 + 56 0 0 + 1 1984 48 − 28 0 0 0 0 − 1 1988 7 46 − 2 0 0 0 0 0 1992 5 53 + 7 0 0 0 0 0 13 44 49 − 4 0 0 + 1 2000 7 65 + 16 0 0 0 14 48 25 73 + 8 0 0 0 2008 12 31 25 56 − 17 0 + 2 2012 13 60 23 83 + 27 0 6 + 3 2016 15 66 54 118 + 35 0 − 4", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "India at the 2018 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Sport Men Women Total Gold Silver Bronze vs 2014 Aquatics -- Swimming 10 0 10 0 0 0 ↓ Aquatics -- Diving 0 0 0 0 ↔ Archery 8 8 16 0 0 ↓ Athletics 22 28 50 7 10 ↑ Badminton 10 10 20 0 ↑ Basketball 0 12 12 0 0 0 ↔ Boxing 7 10 0 ↓ Bowling 6 0 6 0 0 0 ↔ Bridge 15 9 24 0 Canoeing -- Slalom 0 0 0 0 ↔ Canoeing -- Sprint 8 7 15 0 0 0 ↔ Canoeing -- Traditional boat race 16 15 31 0 0 0 ↔ Cycling 8 7 15 0 0 0 ↔ Equestrian 7 0 7 0 0 ↑ Fencing 0 0 0 0 Golf 7 0 0 0 ↔ Gymnastics -- Artistic 5 5 10 0 0 0 ↔ Handball 16 14 30 0 0 0 ↔ Field hockey 18 18 36 0 ↓ Judo 6 0 0 0 ↔ Kabaddi 12 12 24 0 ↓ Karate 0 0 0 0 ↔ Martial arts -- Kurash 8 6 14 0 Martial arts -- Pencak silat 0 0 0 Martial arts -- Wushu 10 13 0 0 ↑ Roller sports -- Roller skating 0 0 0 Rowing 27 7 34 0 ↑ Sailing 5 9 0 ↑ Sepak takraw 12 12 24 0 0 ↑ Shooting 16 12 28 ↑ Sport climbing 0 0 0 Squash 8 0 ↓ Table tennis 5 5 10 0 0 ↑ Taekwondo 6 8 0 0 0 ↔ Tennis -- Lawn tennis 6 6 12 0 ↓ Tennis -- Soft tennis 5 5 10 0 0 0 Volleyball 14 14 28 0 0 0 ↔ Weightlifting 0 0 0 ↔ Wrestling 12 6 18 0 ↑ Total 312 258 570 15 24 30 ↑", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "USRA 0-6-0", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 0-6-0 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light switcher of the USRA types, and was of 0-6-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or \"C\" in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011", "paragraph_text": "Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Austria 8 France Italy 6 United States 0 5 Slovenia 0 6 Canada 0 0 Norway 0 0 8 Sweden 0 9 Switzerland 0 0 10 Germany 0 0 11 Croatia 0 0 Total 11 11 11 33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Games Sports Men Women Total Change 01! Gold 02! Silver 03! Bronze Total Change 1900 0 NA 0 0 NA 1920 6 0 6 + 5 0 0 0 0 − 2 1924 13 15 + 8 0 0 0 0 0 1928 21 0 21 + 7 0 0 + 1 1932 30 0 30 + 9 0 0 0 1936 3 -- 4 27 0 27 − 3 0 0 0 1948 10 79 0 79 + 52 0 0 0 1952 11 60 64 − 15 0 + 1 1956 8 58 59 − 5 0 0 − 1 1960 6 45 0 45 − 14 0 0 0 1964 8 52 53 + 8 0 0 0 1968 5 25 0 25 − 28 0 0 0 1972 7 40 41 + 16 0 0 0 1976 20 0 20 − 21 0 0 0 0 − 1 1980 58 18 76 + 56 0 0 + 1 1984 48 − 28 0 0 0 0 − 1 1988 7 46 − 2 0 0 0 0 0 1992 5 53 + 7 0 0 0 0 0 13 44 49 − 4 0 0 + 1 2000 7 65 + 16 0 0 0 14 48 25 73 + 8 0 0 0 2008 12 31 25 56 − 17 0 + 2 2012 13 60 23 83 + 27 0 6 + 3 2016 15 66 54 118 + 35 0 − 4", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Grand Slam men's singles champions", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Total Years Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open Roger Federer 20 2003 -- 2018 6 8 5 Rafael Nadal 16 2005 -- 2017 10 Pete Sampras 14 1990 -- 2002 0 7 5 Roy Emerson 12 1961 -- 1967 6 Novak Djokovic 12 2008 -- 2016 6 6 Rod Laver 11 1960 -- 1969 Björn Borg 11 1974 -- 1981 0 6 5 0 8 Bill Tilden 10 1920 -- 1930 0 0 7 9 Fred Perry 8 1933 -- 1936 Ken Rosewall 8 1953 -- 1972 0 Jimmy Connors 8 1974 -- 1983 0 5 Ivan Lendl 8 1984 -- 1990 0 Andre Agassi 8 1992 -- 2003 14 Richard Sears 7 1881 -- 1887 0 0 0 7 William Renshaw 7 1881 -- 1889 0 0 7 0 William Larned 7 1901 -- 1911 0 0 0 7 René Lacoste 7 1925 -- 1929 0 Henri Cochet 7 1926 -- 1932 0 John Newcombe 7 1967 -- 1975 0 John McEnroe 7 1979 -- 1984 0 0 Mats Wilander 7 1982 -- 1988 0 22 Laurence Doherty 6 1902 -- 1906 0 0 5 Tony Wilding 6 1906 -- 1913 0 0 Jack Crawford 6 1931 -- 1935 0 Don Budge 6 1937 -- 1938 Stefan Edberg 6 1985 -- 1992 0 Boris Becker 6 1985 -- 1996 0 28 Frank Sedgman 5 1949 -- 1952 0 Tony Trabert 5 1953 -- 1955 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "India at the Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "Year Gold Silver Bronze Total Position 1930 Did not Participate 1934 0 0 12th 1938 0 0 0 0 NA 1950 Did not Participate 1954 0 0 0 0 NA 1958 0 8th 1962 Did not Participate 1966 10 8th 1970 5 12 6th 8 15 6th 1978 5 5 5 15 6th 1982 5 8 16 6th 1986 Did not Participate 1990 13 8 11 32 5th 1994 6 12 7 25 6th 1998 7 10 8 25 7th 2002 30 22 17 69 4th 2006 22 17 11 50 4th 38 27 36 101 2nd 2014 15 30 19 64 5th 2018 26 20 20 66 3rd Total 181 175 148 504 4th", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of Grand Slam men's singles champions", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Total Winning Span Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open Roger Federer 20 16 6 8 5 Rafael Nadal 16 13 10 Pete Sampras 14 13 0 7 5 Roy Emerson 12 7 6 Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 6 Rod Laver 11 10 Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0 8 Bill Tilden 10 11 0 0 7 9 Fred Perry 8 Ken Rosewall 8 20 0 Jimmy Connors 8 10 0 5 Ivan Lendl 8 7 0 Andre Agassi 8 12 14 Richard Sears 7 7 0 0 0 7 William Renshaw 7 9 0 0 7 0 William Larned 7 11 0 0 0 7 René Lacoste 7 5 0 Henri Cochet 7 7 0 John Newcombe 7 9 0 John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 Mats Wilander 7 7 0 22 Laurence Doherty 6 5 0 0 5 Tony Wilding 6 8 0 0 Jack Crawford 6 5 0 Don Budge 6 Stefan Edberg 6 8 0 Boris Becker 6 12 0 28 Frank Sedgman 5 0 Tony Trabert 5 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Willian (footballer, born 1988)", "paragraph_text": "Club Season League National Cup League Cup Continental Other Total Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Corinthians 2006 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 8 0 2007 15 0 14 0 0 0 -- 33 Total 20 0 17 0 0 0 -- 41 Shakhtar Donetsk 2007 -- 08 20 0 6 -- 0 -- 28 2008 -- 09 29 5 5 -- 17 0 52 8 2009 -- 10 22 5 -- 13 0 0 39 7 2010 -- 11 28 -- 10 43 8 2011 -- 12 27 5 0 -- 6 0 37 6 2012 -- 13 14 -- 6 0 0 22 7 Total 140 20 24 6 -- 54 10 221 37 Anzhi Makhachkala 2012 -- 13 7 0 -- 0 -- 13 2013 -- 14 0 0 0 -- 0 0 -- 0 Total 11 0 -- 0 -- 17 Chelsea 2013 -- 14 25 0 0 11 0 -- 42 2014 -- 15 36 0 7 -- 49 2015 -- 16 35 5 0 8 5 0 49 11 2016 -- 17 34 8 6 0 -- -- 41 12 2017 -- 18 11 0 0 0 0 0 8 Total 141 19 15 6 10 30 6 0 196 32 Career total 312 42 46 12 27 85 16 5 475 72", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Britain at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Games Athletes Gold Silver Bronze Total Rank Overall medals 1924 Chamonix 45 6 1928 St. Moritz 33 0 0 8 8 1932 Lake Placid 0 0 0 0 -- - 1936 Garmisch - Partenkirchen 39 7 8 1948 St. Moritz 62 0 0 13 10 1952 Oslo 20 0 0 8 11 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 45 0 0 0 0 -- - 1960 Squaw Valley 17 0 0 0 0 -- - 1964 Innsbruck 49 0 0 11 12 1968 Grenoble 46 0 0 0 0 -- - 1972 Sapporo 40 0 0 0 0 -- - 1976 Innsbruck 50 0 0 12 14 1980 Lake Placid 50 0 0 11 14 1984 Sarajevo 54 0 0 11 14 1988 Calgary 57 0 0 0 0 -- - 1992 Albertville 54 0 0 0 0 -- - 1994 Lillehammer 35 0 0 21 20 1998 Nagano 33 0 0 22 22 2002 Salt Lake City 51 0 18 20 2006 Turin 40 0 0 21 22 2010 Vancouver 50 0 0 19 24 2014 Sochi 56 19 20 2018 Pyeongchang 58 0 5 19 17 2022 Beijing Future event Total 11 16 31 19 19", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "USRA 0-8-0", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 0-8-0 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard heavy switcher of the USRA types, and was of 0-8-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or \"D\" in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Scotland at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Year Final Tournament Qualification Round Pld Round Pld 1930 Did not enter 1934 1938 1950 Withdrew Group -- 2nd 0 10 1954 Round 1 0 0 0 8 Group -- 2nd 8 8 1958 Round 1 0 6 Group -- 1st 0 10 9 1962 Did not qualify Group -- 2nd 5 0 12 11 1966 Group -- 2nd 6 8 8 1970 Group -- 2nd 6 18 7 Round 1 0 Group -- 1st 0 8 1978 Round 1 5 6 Group -- 1st 0 6 1982 Round 1 8 8 Group -- 1st 8 9 1986 Round 1 0 Play - off 8 10 1990 Round 1 0 Group -- 2nd 8 12 12 Did not qualify Group -- 4th 10 14 13 1998 Round 1 0 6 Group -- 2nd 10 7 15 2002 Did not qualify Group -- 3rd 8 12 6 2006 Group -- 3rd 10 9 7 Group -- 3rd 8 6 11 2014 Group -- 4th 10 5 8 12 2018 Group -- 3rd 10 5 17 12 2022 TBD Total 8 / 21 23 7 12 25 41 125 62 28 35 192 136", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of aircraft carriers", "paragraph_text": "Number of fleet aircraft carriers by operating nation Country In service In reserve Decommissioned Under construction Never completed TOTAL Argentina 0 0 0 0 Australia 0 0 0 0 Brazil 0 0 0 Canada 0 0 0 0 China 0 0 0 France 0 7 0 7 15 Germany 0 0 0 0 7 7 India 0 0 Italy 0 0 5 Japan 0 0 0 8 Netherlands 0 0 0 0 Russia 0 5 Spain 0 0 0 Turkey 0 0 0 0 Thailand 0 0 0 0 United Kingdom 0 40 12 54 United States 11 0 55 12 80 TOTAL 21 0 126 8 47 202", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Scotland at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Year Round GP GS GA 1930 to 1938 Did not enter 1950 Withdrew 1954 Round 1 0 0 0 8 1958 Round 1 0 6 1962 to 1970 Did not qualify Round 1 0 1978 Round 1 5 6 1982 Round 1 8 8 1986 Round 1 0 1990 Round 1 0 Did not qualify 1998 Round 1 0 6 2002 to 2018 Did not qualify 2022 TBD Total 8 / 21 23 7 12 25 41", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "United States men's national soccer team", "paragraph_text": "FIFA World Cup record FIFA World Cup qualification record Year Round Position Pld GF GA Pld GF GA 1930 Third Place 3rd 0 7 6 -- 1934 Round of 16 16th 0 0 7 0 0 1938 Did not qualify Withdrew 1950 Group stage 10th 0 8 8 15 1954 Did not qualify 0 7 9 1958 0 0 5 21 1962 0 6 1966 5 1970 6 0 11 9 0 6 10 1978 5 7 1982 8 1986 6 8 1990 Group stage 23rd 0 0 8 10 5 11 Round of 16 14th Qualified as hosts 1998 Group stage 32nd 0 0 5 16 8 6 27 14 2002 Quarterfinals 8th 5 7 7 16 8 25 11 2006 Group stage 25th 0 6 18 12 35 11 Round of 16 12th 5 5 18 13 42 16 2014 Round of 16 15th 5 6 16 11 26 14 2018 Did not qualify 16 7 5 37 16 2022 TBD - not yet qualified TBD 2026 Total 10 / 21 Third place 33 8 6 19 37 62 154 77 36 41 266 181", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "India at the Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Year Round Games Won Tied / No result Lost Group Stage 0 1979 Group Stage 0 0 Champions 8 6 0 Semifinals 7 5 0 Round - Robin Stage 8 5 Semifinals 7 0 1999 Super Six 8 0 2003 Runner Up 11 9 0 2007 Group Stage 0 2011 Champions 9 7 2015 Semifinals 8 7 0 Total Two time Champions 75 46 27", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_text": "The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1st, 1920. It was possibly the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 115615, "question": "Who desigened USRA 0-8-0?", "answer": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 120682, "question": "Which year did #1 end?", "answer": "1920", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Soo Line L-1 class", "paragraph_text": "The Soo Line L-1 class was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company in 1913.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "USRA Light Mikado", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "USRA 0-8-0", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 0-8-0 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard heavy switcher of the USRA types, and was of 0-8-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or \"D\" in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "USRA Heavy Santa Fe", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Santa Fe was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-10-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′E1′ in UIC classification; this arrangement was commonly named \"Santa Fe\" in the United States. At the time, the Santa Fe was the largest non-articulated type in common use, primarily in slow drag freight duty in ore or coal service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "USRA Heavy Mikado", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration (USRA), the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification. A total of 233 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a \"de facto\" standard design, which was built to the total of 957 locomotives including the USRA originals and all subsequent copies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By the Energy Policy Act of 2005, daylight saving time (DST) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007. As from that year, DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. In years when April 1 falls on Monday through Wednesday, these changes result in a DST period that is five weeks longer; in all other years the DST period is instead four weeks longer. In 2008 daylight saving time ended at 2: 00 a.m. DST (0200) (1: 00 a.m. ST) on Sunday, November 2, and in 2009 it began at 2: 00 a.m. (3: 00 a.m. DST) on Sunday, March 8.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_text": "The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1st, 1920. It was possibly the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "USRA Light Pacific", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Pacific was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light passenger locomotive of the USRA types, and was 4-6-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "USRA Light Mountain", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Mountain was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 4-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Southern Pacific 4294", "paragraph_text": "Southern Pacific 4294 is a 4-8-8-2 AC-12 class Cab forward type steam locomotive operated and owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). It was built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in March 1944, and was used hauling SP's trains over the Sierra Nevada, often working on Donner Pass in California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "USRA Heavy Pacific", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Pacific was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard heavy passenger locomotive of the USRA types, and was 4-6-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "St. Louis–San Francisco 4003", "paragraph_text": "St. Louis–San Francisco 4003 is a 2-8-2, Mikado type, standard gauge steam railway locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company in 1919 as a standard USRA Light Mikado for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The PRR, for unknown reasons, rejected 33 of 38 locomotives in the order. The United States Railroad Administration reassigned 23 of them (road numbers 4000-4007 and 4017-4031) to the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (SLSF), also known as the \"Frisco\". The Frisco also received 10 sisters from the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad (road numbers 4008-4016 and 4032), making 33 in all. She is now on display at the Fort Smith Trolley Museum in Fort Smith, Arkansas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "USRA 2-6-6-2", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 2-6-6-2 was a standardized design of 2-6-6-2 Mallet locomotives developed by the United States Railroad Administration during World War I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "USRA 2-8-8-2", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 2-8-8-2 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or (1'D)'D1' in UIC classification. A total of 106 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Martin Ritt", "paragraph_text": "Martin Ritt (March 2, 1914 – December 8, 1990) was an American director and actor who worked in both film and theater. He was born in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Drew Carey Show", "paragraph_text": "Actor Character Role Years Seasons Episodes Ian Gomez Larry Almada Worked at Winfred - Louder / Matchmaker 1995 -- 1999, 2002 -- 2004 1 -- 4, 8 -- 9 38 Jane Morris Nora Co-worker at Winfred - Louder 1995 -- 2002, 2004 1 -- 2, 4 -- 5, 7, 9 14 Nan Martin Mrs. Louder Owner of Winfred - Louder 1995 -- 2000 1 -- 5 25 Kelly Perine Chuck Security Guard 1995 -- 2000 1 -- 2, 4 - 5 17 Robert Torti Jay Clemens Kate 'boyfriend / High - School friend 1995 -- 1997, 1999 -- 2001 1 -- 2, 5 -- 6 15 Kate Walsh Nikki Fifer Drew's girlfriend 1997 -- 1999, 2001 -- 2003 3 -- 4, 7 -- 8 21 Jenica Bergere Sharon Bridges Handywoman / Drew's girlfriend 1997 -- 2000 3 -- 5 11 Katy Selverstone Lisa Robbins Drew's girlfriend 1995 -- 1997 1 -- 2 16 Bill Cobbs Tony Bus driver 2002 -- 2004 8 -- 9 9 Jonathan Mangum Scott Drew's boss 2002 -- 2004 8 -- 9 18 Kyle Howard Evan Drew's boss 2002 -- 2004 8 -- 9 14 Kaitlin Olson Traylor Works at Neverendingstore.com 2002 -- 2004 8 -- 9 14 Speedy Speedy The Dog Lisa / Drew's Dog 1996 -- 2003 2 -- 8 41 Tim O'Rourke Tim Bartender at The Warsaw Tavern 1995 -- 2004 1 -- 9 11", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "USRA Heavy Mountain", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Mountain was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 4-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By the Energy Policy Act of 2005, daylight saving time (DST) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007. As from that year, DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. In years when April 1 falls on Monday through Wednesday, these changes result in a DST period that is five weeks longer; in all other years the DST period is instead four weeks longer. In 2008 daylight saving time ended at 2: 00 a.m. DST (0200) (1: 00 a.m. ST) on Sunday, November 2, and in 2009 it began at 2: 00 a.m. (3: 00 a.m. DST) on Sunday, March 8. Wyoming Senator Michael Enzi and Michigan Representative Fred Upton advocated the extension from October into November especially to allow children to go trick - or - treating in more daylight.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "USRA Light Santa Fe", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Santa Fe was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-10-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′E1′ in UIC classification; this arrangement was commonly named \"Santa Fe\" in the United States. At the time, the Santa Fe was the largest non-articulated type in common use, primarily in slow drag freight duty in ore or coal service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Warhammer: Vermintide 2", "paragraph_text": "Warhammer: Vermintide 2 is a first - person action video game developed and published by Fatshark. It is the sequel to the 2015's Warhammer: End Times -- Vermintide. Vermintide 2 was released for Windows on March 8, 2018. The game is also expected to release on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 115775, "question": "Who worked on USRA 2-8-8-2?", "answer": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 120682, "question": "Which year did #1 end?", "answer": "1920", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Melody of Love (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Melody of Love () is a 2013 South Korean daily drama television series starring Kim Da-som, Baek Sung-hyun, Hwang Sun-hee, Kim Hyung-jun and Kwak Hee-sung. It aired on KBS1 from November 4, 2013 to June 6, 2014 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:20 for 151 episodes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of Running Man episodes (2018)", "paragraph_text": "# Ep. # Airdate (Filming date) Guest (s) Landmark Teams Mission Results 347 406 June 24, 2018 (June 11 - 12, 2018) Hong Jin - young Kang Han - na Lee Da - hee Lee Sang - yeob (England / United Kingdom) (Switzerland) TBA TBA TBA", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kim Jong-il", "paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Choi Kyung-hee", "paragraph_text": "Choi Kyung-hee (born 25 February 1966) is a South Korean former basketball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Zosia March", "paragraph_text": "Zosia March Holby City character Camilla Arfwedson as Zosia March First appearance ``The Kick Inside ''10 September 2013 Last appearance`` The Prisoner'' 2 January 2018 Portrayed by Camilla Arfwedson Information Occupation Specialist registrar, neurosurgery (prev. F1, F2, CT1, CT2) Family Guy Self (father) Anya Self (mother) Spouse (s) Oliver Valentine (2017 --) Relatives Valerie Sturgeon (grandmother)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Phyo Ko Ko Thein", "paragraph_text": "Phyo Ko Ko Thein (; born 24 January 1993) is a footballer from Burma, and a midfielder for the Myanmar national football team and Myanmar U23.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Goong (manhwa)", "paragraph_text": "Goong (Hangul: \"궁\", literally \"Palace\") is a manhwa series by author Park So-hee. It has been adapted into a popular TV drama series of the same name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gina Tognoni", "paragraph_text": "Gina Tognoni (1973 - 11 - 28) November 28, 1973 (age 44) St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Occupation Actress businesswoman Years active 1995 -- present Television Guiding Light (2004 -- 2009) One Life to Live (1995 -- 2001, 2002, 2010 -- 2011) The Young and the Restless (2014 -- present) Spouse (s) Joseph Chiarello (m. 2009)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hat Khanom–Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park", "paragraph_text": "The name of the park refers to the two major parts of the park. Hat Khanom refers to the beaches of Khanom District, and the Thale Tai archipelago consists of eight islands in the Gulf of Thailand (Ko Mut Tang, Ko Mut Kong, Ko Rap, Ko Hua Ta Khe, Ko Wang Nai, Ko Wang Nak, Ko Noi, and Ko Ta Rai, all in the Sichon and Khanom District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, and Ko Samui District, Surat Thani) between Khanom and Ko Samui.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ko Yong-hui", "paragraph_text": "Ko Yong-hui (; 26 June 1952 – 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as \"The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander\", \"The Mother of Pyongyang\", and \"The Mother of Great Songun Korea.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell How I Met Your Mother character The Mother appearing in ``The Locket ''First appearance`` Lucky Penny (unseen)'' ``Something New ''(seen) Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Cristin Milioti Information Aliases The Mother Gender Female Spouse (s) Ted Mosby Significant other (s) Max (deceased former boyfriend) Louis (ex-boyfriend) Children Penny Mosby (daughter, born in 2015, played by Lyndsy Fonseca) Luke Mosby (son, born in 2017, played by David Henrie) Nationality American Birthdate September 19, 1984 (1984 - 09 - 19) (age 34)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Meghan, Duchess of Sussex", "paragraph_text": "Meghan Duchess of Sussex (more) Meghan Markle in March 2018 Rachel Meghan Markle (1981 - 08 - 04) August 4, 1981 (age 37) Los Angeles, California, U.S Spouse Trevor Engelson (m. 2011; div. 2013) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (m. 2018) House Windsor (by marriage) Father Thomas Markle Mother Doria Ragland Occupation Actress (2002 -- 2017) Signature", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mu Ko Siboya", "paragraph_text": "Mu Ko Siboya, also known as Ko Siboya Tambon, is a group of islands which is part of Nuea Khlong District in Krabi Province, Thailand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Aliya bint Ali", "paragraph_text": "Queen Aliya bint Ali of Hejaz (1911 – 21 December 1950), was an Arabian princess and a queen consort of Iraq. She was the spouse and first cousin of King Ghazi of Iraq and the queen mother of King Faisal II of Iraq. She was the last Queen of Iraq.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of Jessica Jones characters", "paragraph_text": "Dorothy Walker (portrayed by Rebecca De Mornay) is Trish Walker's abusive mother and talent agent who becomes Jessica's foster mother when she was young.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Witch's Love", "paragraph_text": "Witch's Love Promotional poster Original title 마녀의사랑 Genre Romantic comedy Mystery Fantasy Written by Son Eun - hye Directed by Park Chan - yool Starring Yoon So - hee Hyun Woo Lee Hong - bin Kim Young - ok Go Soo - hee Country of origin South Korea Original language (s) Korean No. of episodes 12 Production Executive producer (s) Sohn Ki - won Camera setup Single - camera Production company (s) Kim Jong - hak Production Distributor MBN Release Original network MBN Picture format 1080i (HDTV) Audio format Dolby Digital Original release July 25 (2018 - 07 - 25) -- August 30, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 30) External links Website Production website", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kim Young-hee (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Kim Young-hee (born 17 May 1963) is a South Korean former basketball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Born in Ulsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Kim is the elder of two children, with a younger brother.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Trang Province", "paragraph_text": "The southern coast of the province is protected in the Mu Ko Phetra National Park. The estuary of the Trang River together with the Hat Chao Mai Marine National Park and Ko Libong Non-hunting Area are also registered Ramsar wetlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cruel Winter Blues", "paragraph_text": "Cruel Winter Blues (; lit. \"A Hot-blooded Man\") is a 2006 South Korean film written and directed by Lee Jeong-beom. It stars Sol Kyung-gu, Jo Han-sun and Na Moon-hee in the lead roles. The narrative centers around a small-time crook who partners with a retired taekwondo practitioner to seek revenge on the man who killed his mentor, and ends up befriending the killer's mother who reminds him of his hometown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell How I Met Your Mother character The Mother appearing in ``The Locket ''First appearance`` Lucky Penny (unseen)'' ``Something New ''(seen) Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Cristin Milioti Information Aliases The Mother Gender Female Spouse (s) Ted Mosby Significant other (s) Max (deceased former boyfriend) Louis (ex-boyfriend) Children Penny Mosby (daughter, born in 2015, played by Lyndsy Fonseca) Luke Mosby (son, born in 2017, played by David Henrie) Nationality American", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 647590, "question": "Ko Young-hee >> spouse", "answer": "Kim Jong-il", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 134798, "question": "Who is the mother of #1 ?", "answer": "Kim Jong-suk", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "USRA Heavy Mikado", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration (USRA), the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification. A total of 233 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a \"de facto\" standard design, which was built to the total of 957 locomotives including the USRA originals and all subsequent copies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "USRA Heavy Pacific", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Pacific was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard heavy passenger locomotive of the USRA types, and was 4-6-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "USRA 0-6-0", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 0-6-0 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light switcher of the USRA types, and was of 0-6-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or \"C\" in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Georgia Bulldogs football", "paragraph_text": "Year Conference Coach Overall record Conference record 1896 † SIAA Glenn ``Pop ''Warner 4 -- 0 3 - 0 1920 † SIAA Herman Stegeman 8 -- 0 -- 1 8 - 0 1942 SEC Wally Butts 11 -- 1 6 -- 1 1946 † SEC Wally Butts 11 -- 0 5 -- 0 1948 SEC Wally Butts 9 -- 2 6 -- 0 1959 SEC Wally Butts 10 -- 1 7 -- 0 1966 † SEC Vince Dooley 10 -- 1 6 -- 0 1968 SEC Vince Dooley 8 -- 1 -- 2 5 -- 0 -- 1 1976 SEC Vince Dooley 10 -- 2 5 - 1 1980 SEC Vince Dooley 12 -- 0 6 -- 0 1981 † SEC Vince Dooley 10 -- 2 6 -- 0 1982 SEC Vince Dooley 11 -- 1 6 -- 0 2002 SEC Mark Richt 13 -- 1 7 -- 1 2005 SEC Mark Richt 10 -- 3 6 -- 2 Conference Championships: 14 † Denotes co-champions", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tachycardia", "paragraph_text": "1 -- 2 days: Tachycardia > 159 beats per minute (bpm) 3 -- 6 days: Tachycardia > 166 bpm 1 -- 3 weeks: Tachycardia > 182 bpm 1 -- 2 months: Tachycardia > 179 bpm 3 -- 5 months: Tachycardia > 186 bpm 6 -- 11 months: Tachycardia > 169 bpm 1 -- 2 years: Tachycardia > 151 bpm 3 -- 4 years: Tachycardia > 137 bpm 5 -- 7 years: Tachycardia > 133 bpm 8 -- 11 years: Tachycardia > 130 bpm 12 -- 15 years: Tachycardia > 119 bpm > 15 years -- adult: Tachycardia > 100 bpm", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_text": "The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1st, 1920. It was possibly the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "Date 1 September 1939 -- 2 September 1945 (1939 - 09 - 01 -- 1945 - 09 - 02) (7003219300000000000 ♠ 6 years and 1 day)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "USRA 2-6-6-2", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 2-6-6-2 was a standardized design of 2-6-6-2 Mallet locomotives developed by the United States Railroad Administration during World War I.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "USRA 2-8-8-2", "paragraph_text": "The USRA 2-8-8-2 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or (1'D)'D1' in UIC classification. A total of 106 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1909 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Major Ritchie defeated Herbert Roper Barrett 6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Arthur Gore defeated Ritchie 6–8, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1909 Wimbledon Championships. Arthur Gore was the oldest winner of the title at 41 years and 182 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "1978 French Open – Women's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Second-seeded Virginia Ruzici defeated Mima Jaušovec 6–2, 6–2 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1978 French Open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bat Out of Hell", "paragraph_text": "Todd Rundgren -- guitar (1, 2, 4 -- 6), percussion (1, 2), keyboards (1), backing vocals (1 -- 3, 5, 6)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "1934 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final", "paragraph_text": "The first 1934 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final took place on 2 September 1934 at Croke Park, Dublin. It was the golden jubilee year of the Gaelic Athletic Association and the 47th All-Ireland final. It was contested by Limerick and Dublin. The match ended in a 2-7 to 3-4 draw. The replay took place at the same venue four weeks later on 30 September 1934. On that occasion the Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3-4 to 2-6.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "USRA Light Mikado", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1990 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Team GF GA GD Pts. West Germany 7 5 0 15 5 + 10 12 Argentina 7 5 + 1 7 Italy 7 6 0 10 + 8 13 England 7 8 6 + 2 9 Eliminated in the quarter - finals 5 Yugoslavia 5 8 6 + 2 7 6 Czechoslovakia 5 0 10 5 + 5 6 7 Cameroon 5 0 7 9 - 2 6 8 Republic of Ireland 5 0 − 1 Eliminated in the round of 16 9 Brazil 0 + 2 6 10 Spain 6 + 2 5 11 Belgium 0 6 + 2 12 Romania + 1 13 Costa Rica 0 6 − 2 14 Colombia 0 15 Netherlands 0 − 1 16 Uruguay 5 − 3 Eliminated in the group stage 17 Soviet Union 0 0 18 Austria 0 − 1 Scotland 0 − 1 20 Egypt 0 − 1 21 Sweden 0 0 6 − 3 0 22 South Korea 0 0 6 − 5 0 23 United States 0 0 8 − 6 0 24 United Arab Emirates 0 0 11 − 9 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "USRA Light Mountain", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Mountain was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 4-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Andy Murray", "paragraph_text": "Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score Runner - up 2008 US Open Hard Roger Federer 2 -- 6, 5 -- 7, 2 -- 6 Runner - up Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 3 -- 6, 4 -- 6, 6 -- 7 Runner - up 2011 Australian Open (2) Hard Novak Djokovic 4 -- 6, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6 Runner - up 2012 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6 -- 4, 5 -- 7, 3 -- 6, 4 -- 6 Winner 2012 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 6 -- 2 Runner - up 2013 Australian Open (3) Hard Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 6 -- 7, 3 -- 6, 2 -- 6 Winner 2013 Wimbledon Grass Novak Djokovic 6 -- 4, 7 -- 5, 6 -- 4 Runner - up 2015 Australian Open (4) Hard Novak Djokovic 6 -- 7, 7 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 0 -- 6 Runner - up 2016 Australian Open (5) Hard Novak Djokovic 1 -- 6, 5 -- 7, 6 -- 7 Runner - up 2016 French Open Clay Novak Djokovic 6 -- 3, 1 -- 6, 2 -- 6, 4 -- 6 Winner 2016 Wimbledon (2) Grass Milos Raonic 6 -- 4, 7 -- 6, 7 -- 6", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "USRA Light Pacific", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Light Pacific was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light passenger locomotive of the USRA types, and was 4-6-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2014 BNP Paribas Open – Women's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Flavia Pennetta, at 32 years, became the tournament's oldest winner since Steffi Graf in 1996, defeating Agnieszka Radwańska in the final 6–2, 6–1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "USRA Heavy Mountain", "paragraph_text": "The USRA Heavy Mountain was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 4-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′D1′ in UIC classification.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 115728, "question": "Who worked on USRA 2-6-6-2?", "answer": "United States Railroad Administration", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 120682, "question": "Which year did #1 end?", "answer": "1920", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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